The Missionary Review of the World — November 1935

1935

Conquest By Healing in Ethiopia T. A. Lambie Christianity in the New India Richard Burges Crucial Issues in Latin America .

John A. Mackay .

The March of Events in·Mexico Kenneth G. Grubb The Harvest in Hyderabad, Deccan Charles W. Posnett German Neo-Pagan Faith Movement w. O. Lewis Can We Interest Men in Missions?

George A. Brown 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Yeat'

to Remember Christmas Gift

November 3-9-Christian Home Week. C. T. Studd, Cricketer and Pioneer November 17-Men and Missions Sun- The epic story of C. T. Studd, the famous day. Topic: "Jesus Christ and the cricketer, will appeal to all lovers of missionary World Today." For source material biography. "C. T." was one of the best all-round write to the Laymen's Missionary players that the game ever produced, and re- Movement, 19 S. La Salle St., Chi- nounced wealth and position to answer the call cago. of God to foreign service. Courageously he faced a life of hardship and danger with remarkable December 7-,-Universal Bible Sunday. self-denial and endurance, first in China and then in the very heart of Africa, pioneering for God. December 30-31-Conference with Dr. :Kagawa on the Relation of the Illustrated, $1.25. Churches to the Cooperative Move- ment. Indianapolis, Ind. The Triwmph of~__. . . . . John and Betty December 28, 1935-January I, 1936- Stam Student Volunteer Convention. In- dianapolis, Ind.

January IS-17-National Conference on the Rural Church. Washington, D. C.

July 6-12_Twelfth World's Sunday School Convention. Oslo, Norway.

By Mrs. Howard Tavlor Personal Items You have read newspaper accounts of John _ _ MR1 and Betty Stam, who were martyred by Chinese nowARD TAYLOR communists last fall. Now read this permanent The Archbishop of York (Dr. Wil- record of consecrated lives. It is particularly liam Temple), known as a leader both recommended for young people. Cloth, 75 cents. in Christian thought and in Christian work, is to make his first visit to Storiesofthe GreatHymnsof the Church America in December. He will fill several engagements at, universities By Silas H. Paine and cathedrals and will be, one of the leading speakers at the Student Vol- A monumental work in ~—-_ _J hymnology. A beautiful gift unteer Convent.i..on …in ..I.ndianapolis.

Rev. A. M. Chirgwin, General Sec- book, de luxe edition", 'printed on Bible paper, full gold retary of the London Missionary So- edges, flexible red b,inding, with stamping in gold. 795 ciety, is paying a two months' visit to the United States, in connection with pages. $3.00.

the meeting of the International Mis- "Eye" to "Aye" sionary Council. He plans to visit Negro schools and colleges ,of the By Paul H. Graef "EYE" South. … … … ~ An unique presentment in pictorial fashion of God's great plan of salva- TO tion. 132 display pages, five in color. John L. Mott" son of John R. Mott; Two editions: Cloth, $1.00; paper, 50 cents. "AYE" I has been made director of Interna- ~l tional House, New York, to succeed . , ,..WUL 0lWl' Dr. Harry Edmunds. This center I T.. -……………. now serves students from 65 countries. ,"II _ _ …………..dyarrw- … … … .. _ … _ ………….a_ -'-"hItId.-..-.I …. ( ~~=I.. …….__ Christmas Card Box Assortments I Mrs. Adena Miller Rich has been No. 50. A popular priced assort- l!:==::::~~''}v appointed to succ,eed the world;'famous ment with 15 beautiful Scripture cards Jane Addams as head of Hull 'House, Chicago. She was associated with and folders, each with matching envelope. 50 cents per box. Miss Addams for twenty years. No. 100. Our de luxe selection of 21 beautiful Christ- mas deSigns with 8 distinctly Birth-of-Christ pictures. All designs are new, artistic and appropriate, and have short Scripture portions and suitable sentiments. Matching en- velopes. Retails at $1.00.

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Publication and Business Office– MISS MARY 1. SCOTT, Chairman, Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. Bethesda School of Missions, 310 Tomlinson St., Editorial and Executive Office– Moundsville, W. Va. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Entered as second-class matter at *** Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under "On our station in the bush we Act of March 3, 1879. greatly appreciate the monthly ap- pearance of THE REVIEW." 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. Foreign Postage, 50 cents a. year. FLORENCE N. GRIBBLE, M.D., Published monthly, except August. French Equatorial Africa. All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. British agents – Marshall, Morga.n Obituary Notes and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, The Rev. Harvey S. Murdock, D.D., 10 shillings a year. head of the work among mountaineers at Buckhorn, Kentucky, died on Oc- MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- tober 4th of heart disease at the age LISHING CO., INC. of 64. He went out thirty-three years ago as a representative of the Lafay- BOARD OF DIRECTORS ette Avenue Presbyterian Church, of ROBE'RT E. SPEER, President Brooklyn, to establish this Christian W'M. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President mission. He was very successful in WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer developing a community work includ- DELAVAN L,' PIERSON, Secretary ing schools, a church, hospital and general social program. SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT *** MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD The Rev. W. Kendall Gale, mis- WM. B. LIPPHARD sionary of the London Missionary So- ciety at Andriamena, Madagascar, ERIC M. NORTH and one of the recent contributors to the REVIEW, died on June 7th follow- JESSE R. W'ILSPN ing an operation. He had labored most sacrificially and effectively for A. L. W ARNSHUIS the Malagasy. Mrs. Gale is returning SAMUEL M. ZWEMER to England. * * * Editorial Chat The Rev. Dr. Ivan S. Prokhanoff, founder and president of the All-Rus- Our October number on Latin sian Evangelical Christian Union, said SPEEDWAY TO ORIENT America has received very hearty to have several million followers in commendations and many single Russia, died in Berlin on October 6th. YOKOHAMA IN 10 DAYS . .. fastest, copies have been sold. Order your ex- He was sixty-six years old. shortest Pacific crossing … by the tra copies now before the supply is sister.ships Empress of Asia or exhausted. In the present issue we Dr. Prokhanoff was born in Russia, Empress of Russia. Or via Honopublish some additional articles on the and educated as an engineer. Thirty lulu in 3 days more on the Empress same subject and more will follow. years ago he organized the Evan- of Japan (largest liner on the Pa- This is "Latin America Year." gelical movement, with Lord Rad- cific) or the Empress of Canada. stock, of England, Colonel Pashoff * 1* * and Count Korff. In Russia he pub- INEXPENSIVE ROUND-TRIP FARES. lished "The Christian," a periodical, The past summer and autumn have and "The Morning Star," a weekly Go by distinguished First Class or been especially rich in interdenomina- newspaper. He wrote more than 1,000 comfortable Tourist Class. Still tional and international conferences hymns and translated many others, lower Summer round-trip fares to on Christian faith, life and work. and also religious books. the Orient. Low-cost Third Class.

Some of these are reported in this Since 1928, when he left Russia for FREQUENT SAILINGS … from Vanissue; another-the Student Volun- the last time, he has raised money for couver (trains to ship-side) and teer Convention-will be fully report- needy Christians in Russia. In 1927 Victoria. Orient fares include pased, and the leading addresses will be he started in New York "The Gospel sage to and from Seattle. California printed early next year. in Russia," and in 1931, "The Faith sailings connect with "Empresses" of the Gospel," both periodicals. His at Honolulu. Orient ports-of-call: *** autobiography, "In the Cauldron of Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, Shang- Russia," was published in 1933. hai, Hong Kong, Manila. One of the recent articles in THE REVIEW so impressed a missionary *** • Also •• • low-cost World Tours. bishop that he ordered copies printed and sent to every missionary of his The Rev. Frederic W. March, for BOOKLETS, information … from over fifty years an active missionary YOUR OWN AGENT, or any Canachurch. in Syria, under the Board of Foreign dian Pacific office: New York, Chi- Missions of the Presbyterian Church cago, San Francisco, and 34 other *** in the U. S. A., died on September 28 cities in the U. S. and Canada. at Suk-ul-Gharb, Syria. Mr. March A pastor in the home church offered was appointed to Syria in 1873 and to reprint another article at his own served actively until his honorable reexpense and have it sent to all the tirement with his wife in 1924. Withmissionaries of his denomination. He in his lifetime he touched the whole learned that THE REVIEW already goes span of mission activity in the Syria to all those missionaries. field which celebrated its 100th year more than a decade ago. During his *** long years of service he was engaged Here are recent comments from our (Concluded on Third Cover.) readers. Will you pass on the good [513 ] word? "Each month I attend the public library for the purpose of glancing through your magazine. I consider it the most interesting periodical of the many on the shelves of that institu- tion." CURTIS TAYLOR, Utica, N. Y.

INTERNATIONAL MISSION4RY LEADERS AT

1st Row (left to right)-Rev. Akira Ebisawa, Miss Florence Tyler, Dr. K. S. Latourette, Miss Lucy Starling, Dr. A. L. Warnshuis, Baroness van Boetzelaer van Dubbeldam, Dr. John R. Mott, Rev. C. Y. Cheng, Rev. Wm. Paton, Dr. J. H. Oldham, Baron van Boetzelaer van Dubbeldam, Dr. Leslie B. Moss.

2d Row-Dr. Martin Schlunk, Dr. W. Wilson Cash, Mr. Kenneth Maclennan, Dr. P. H. J. Lerrigo, Rev. C. E. Wilson, Canon H. E. Hyde, Dr. C. R. Hamilton, Rev. Francisco Galvez, Dr. F. F. Goodsell, Rev. E. C. Lobenstine, Rev. John S. Badeau.

3d Row-Rev. G. W. Carpenter, Prof. J. E. Moreland, M. Ie pasteur Abel de Meuron, Rev. W. E. Shaw, Rev. Ray E. Phillips, M. Ie pasteur Henri Anet, Canon Axel Malmstrom, Hon. Newton W. Rowell, Dr. Julius Richter, Dr. Murray T. Titus, Mr. T. H. Sun, Rev. H. H. Riggs.

4th Row-Dr: K. B. Westman, Pasteur Daniel Couve, Miss Sallie Lou MacKinnon, Miss Margaret Wrong, Dr. J. M. Springer, Mr. G. S. Phelps, Rev. A. S. Kydd, Dr. R. E. Diffendorfer, Rev. A. M. Chirgwin.

5th Row–Prof. G. B. Camargo, Mrs. Harper Sibley, Mr. J. Merle Davis, Miss B. D. Gibson, Dr. S. K. Datta, Dr. John A. Mackay, Rev. W. J. Noble, Mr. E. V. Yoshida, Mr. Basil Mathews.

6th Row-Dr. S. G. Inman, Miss Esther Strong, Dr. J. H. Arnup.

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVIII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 11 NOVEMBER, 1935 Topics of the Times PREPARING FOR A WORLD CONFERENCE tries the younger churches are ready to under- The International Missionary Council (Septem- take more complete independence. A shifting of ber 27th to October 4th) brought together sev- emphasis of the missionary movement from Amerenty-five delegates, from twenty-five national ica and Europe to Asia and Africa is therefore missionary or Christian councils, who assembled welcomed in all quarters. For this reason it was at East Northfield, Massachusetts, to prepare for decided that the next conference should be in the next World Missionary Conference. The hills Asia. After careful deliberations in which parof the Connecticut Valley were glorying in the ticularly the Japanese and Chinese delegates took richness of their autumnal colors and remem- part, it was resolved with enthusiasm to select brances of the great evangelist, Dwight L. Moody, Kowloon, near Hongkong, and to make an atl:!-nd his work formed an inspiring background. tempt to secure double the number of Jerusalem The personnel included outstanding leaders of the delegates, about four. hundred of them, two-thirds Protestant missionary movement, half of them of whom should be representatives of the churches well-known representatives with a rich experi- in mission lands, particularly thos€ of Japan, ence, the other half representing a younger gen- China and India. eration of forthcoming leaders of the older and younger churches. The reports of the chairman, A second group of questions discussed related Dr. John R. Mott, and of the secretarial staff to subjects which demand a new and serious refrom London and New York proved the value of consideration, so imperative that a new world the world-wide service of the Council. It has be- missionary conference is imperative. Three groups of subjects seemed paramount.* come, or is becoming, a central consultation body 1. The missionary enterprise, like the world in which we of the Protestant world missionary movement. live, has definitely come to the dawn of a new age in which fresh forces are beginning to play a momentous part. The crucial question of this year's meeting was: Everywhere titanic forces challenge the very fundamentals where the next world missionary conferenc(=!, due of historic Christianity. On the frontiers of the Chris- about 1938, is to be held. The preceding world tian ~ovement men face the grim realities more closely conferences have been held in London, 1888; New t han In the West. e Communism, i mpe riali symo~nagn d nation al- York, 1900; Edinburgh, 1910; and Jerusalem, i sm are remorsel ssly closing in on the church in 1928. Many more Europeans and Americans would be able to take part if the next gathering China. Imperialism, commercialism, and industrialism are eating into the very fabric of African community life and destroying its immemorial spiritual and moral sanctions.

can be held in Europe or America and the inspira- From Mexico to Brazil, from the Philippines to the Congo, tional value for the sending churches would be enhanced. On the other hand the missionary from Germany to Japan the menace threatens younger force of the older churches has decreased, at least and the older churches alike. We must pool insight, knowl- edge, and resources and get a new sense and experience of world solidarity. .

for the time being. In almost all countries of old 2. A thorough study of evangelism on the mission field Christendom there are currents which slow down is to take a central place in the activity of the Internathe missionary enthusiasm so that in few coun- tional Missionary Council immediately and through the tries do we find the flaming missionary enthusiasm world conference with a view to vigorous, concerted agof a generation ago. At the same time the mis- gressive, continuous evangelism by the churches. This is done in response to calls from all over the world. The sionary movements in Asia and Africa are show- survey is to be centered in the church aiming at enlisting ing promising signs of spiritual strength and of voluntary lay and pastoral forces, with studies of the evangelistic power. In almost all Asiatic coun- • Quoting freely from Prof. Basil Mathews.

[ 515]

place of literature, the school, college, and hospital in the CHRISTIANS OF ALL LANDS UNITING work as well as the approach called for with relation to There are still many varieties of Christians. They are of divers races, nations, names habits the Jew, the Moslem, the Hindu, and others; as well as and opinions on various subjects, but they'are one in looking to Christ and His program for the soluof the methods used by communism, fascism, theosophy, tion of human problems. On creeds and church polity these Christians cannot unite but those of and other cults. The phenomena of mass movements com- many nations and denominations gladly unite to study common problems and to work together for pared with plucking individuals out of their own culture better understanding and a more perfect fulfil- ment of the Will of God. and its relation to political changes and economic status: Last summer four important international as well as an analysis of the eocfonthoemiCc,hrreislitgiaionufs~itohr. sociai Christian conferences were held in Europe. These motives leading to acceptance The took under consideration the promotion of Chris- tian unity, world peace and friendship, and pracpreparation, holding, and follow-up of the proposed 1938 tical cooperation in life and work.* meeting is to be utilized to promote fuller cooperation in The Committee of the World Conference on the world missionary enterprise. Faith and Order held its sessions at Hindsgaul, Denmark, and plans to hold its next meeting in 3. The fact that over thirty regional and national Chris- 1~37, in Edinburgh. The conference will begin wIth a statement of "The Church's Witness in the tian councils have been set up, the large measure of con- World Today," and will be closed with an "Af- firmation of Union in Allegiance to Our Lord." fidence won, and many pieces of cooperative work carried The Executive Committee of the Universal forward reveals the advance already made. Hitherto co- Christian Council also met last summer in Chamby, Switzerland. The Orthodox Archbishop operation has been confined mainly to institutions; it has Germanos, of Thyateira, President of the Coun- cil, sounded an appeal to the churches of the world not so often been extended to large evangelistic ventures. for effective cooperation against the attacks of secularism in all lands. A World Conference on It has also been mainly an activity of missionary societies Christian Life and Work is to be called to meet at Oxford University, England, July 13-25, 1937. rather than of indigenous churches. The Committee is The great concern of the Council for the setting afoot vigorous studies of all these processes and Church in Germany found expression in the reso- lution which recorded the determination to emof concrete projects of fresh practical cooperation. !)loy every possible Christian means of support- mg those who are threatened by the dominance Among the forces that demand world coopera- of an aggressive paganism. An appeal was retion of the Christian forces are: the ebb-tide of ceived from various bodies on behalf of the Chrisfaith all over the world, the necessity that Chris- tian refugees from Germany, who constitute some tianity should advance, the call to a unified Chris- twenty per cent of the total number of German tian outlook on the pagan masses, a new vision of refugees. the function of the great missionary institutions, the creation of a satisfactory new leadership, the The World Alliance for International Friendreplacing of "foreignism" and race antipathy by ship met at Chamby, with representatives from life in the universal Church, new economic and thirty countries. Lord Dickinson, of Paiswick, intellectual foundations of self-support, the de- who has been president for several years, was struction, on the one hand, of syncretism and on made honorary president; Bishop Ammundsen, the other of separatism which now divides the of Denmark, was chosen president, and Dr. Wil- Protestant churches in areas like South Africa. liam P. Merrill, pastor of the Brick Presbyterian Church in New York, was elected vice-president. Other topics discussed at this meeting of the Re~. H. L. Henriod is the general secretary. Th!'l 1. M. C. included the crisis in German missions, AllIance recommended the creation of a permanent the need for Christian literature and suitable mo- Minorities Commission, under the League of Nation pictures for the Africans, the Christian re- tions and an appeal was made to the League for sponsibility for the Jew and "the tragic plight of more effective assistance to refugees from Ger- 2,000,000 Christians in Germany in whose veins there is some touch of Jewish blood." • The facts In regard to these conferences are taken from the report of Dr. Henry Smith Leiper. The upbuilding and maintenance of the younger churches as a part of the historic world-wide Christian community is to be the objective of the 1938 conference. This requires a fresh, convincing vision for this age of the verities of the faith by which the Christian lives; the witness by which the Church is to carry the faith to the world in face of potent hostile forces; the reenforcement, intellectual, moral, and spiritual, of the interior life of the Church, in grappling with problems that affect its very being; the relation of the life of the Church to the changing social and economic order-its total impact upon society; amnodvianlgargimerpalancdabmlyoretothwoarroduguhngiotiyngbceotwopeeernatitohn~ churches which, in this emerging crisis, is the very condition of victorious advance.

JULIUS RICHTER.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

many. In preparation for the world conference STUDENT VOLUNTEERS AFTER at Oxford in 1937, it was proposed that in all FIFTY YEARS countries where compulsory military service prevails the churches should request their respective The coming convention of the Student Volungovernments to permit civil service as an alterna- teer Movement, to be held in Indianapolis, Indiana tive in the case of those who cannot conscientiously (December 28 through January 1, 1936), marks serve in a military capacity. A carefully prepared the fiftieth anniversary of the Movement in Amermessage to the churches was issued, which in- ica and is the twelfth quadrennial convention. cluded an affirmation, as against the totalitarian The Movement was the outgrowth of the Student claims of the State, that "right is above the State, Foreign Missionary Society in Princeton College not the State above right." A sensation was and of the Student Conference held at Mount caused when it became known that one distin- Hermon, Massachusetts, in 1886.

guished Italian representative to the conference, The movement has had a remarkable history, Dr. Cesare Gay, had been summoned to Rome, having been founded by students as a result of along with other leaders of the Pro t est ant prayer and the conviction that the Great Commis- churches, by II Duce, who desired to know the sion of Christ to His Church was a command with reason for the refusal of the Protestant churches the promise of His presence in its fulfilment. The in Italy to pass resolutions endorsing his policies watchword' adopted was "The Evangelization of toward Ethiopia. the World in this Generation"-not adopted as a The Central Bureau for Inter-Church Aid called prophecy but as an objective. When the Movetogether representatives of the churches of many ment was formed there were few students volunlands to meet in Vienna August 31-September 3. teering for foreign service and the funds avail- Attention was directed to the current situation able were very inadequate even for the work among the churches in continental countries, par- undertaken. As a result of the student moveticularly those which are suffering from discrim- ment, and other influences at work under the ination, financial collapse or state opposition. The spirit of God, over twelve thousand volunteers disturbed conditions in Austria have created par- have gone to the foreign field in the past fifty ticular difficulty for the non-Roman churches, years and the incomes of the missionary societies which are in the minority, constituting about oIie- were quadrupled.

fifth of the population. Membership in these The past fifteen years have brought about many churches has greatly increased in recent years, to changes in the whole foreign mission enterprise. such an extent that the present staff and equip- The number of volunteers has fallen off, the sup- ment are inadequate. The Central Bureau sent a port of the work has decreased and the Movement deputation to call upon the heads of the Austrian itself has undergone considerable change. The State to acquaint them with the concern of the Student Council has taken control, with less direc- Protestant world over the disabilities of their tion from the "elder statesmen" of the missionary Austrian brethren. The Bureau also studied the enterprise.

status of the churches in Roumania, Poland, Today a crisis is felt in the foreign fields, in the Czechoslovakia, Jugoslavia, Greece, Spain, and churches and mission boards at home, and in the Russia. student world. Thinking Christians, familiar Since Christians in Russia continue to suffer with the present situation, realize that the need martyrdom, the possibility of sending a deputa- for Christ and His power was never greater than tion to Moscow to intercede for them was dis- at present, and the world is more than ever concussed and final decision was left with the execu- scious of the need for some superhuman power tives. Dr. Alfred Jorgenson, of Copenhagen, Den- to lead them out of the present social and spiritual mark, was reelected chairman of the Bureau and morass. Men are tempted to discouragement and Dr. Adolf Keller was unanimously reelected di- to abandon Christian idealism, seeking in its stead rector. the material things that this world offers. The less interest there is today in foreign missions Organic union is not necessary and may be un- the greater is the need for a spirit-filled Student wise but there is hope that some day Christians Volunteer Movement.

will still more generally unite on the beliefs and The coming convention may well have as obobjectives they have in common so that they may jectives: (1) To interest students more propresent a united front against all evil and may foundly in Christian life and in sacrificial service make their protests effective. Six hundred mil- where Christ is not known; (2) to express the lion professed followers of Christ should be able ideals and motives to which students will respond to do more for moral, social, economic and political when the claims of Christ on their lives are pre- reforms than they are doing today. sented; (3) to inspire Christians at home to sup-

port Evangelical work abroad more adequately; MISSIONARY EXHIBIT "A"

(4) to emphasize the spiritually dynamic forces At a recent meeting in Newark, New Jersey, a in missionary activity-in matters of guidance, of remarkable group of National leaders from many fruitfulness and growth; (5) to show the ability lands presented aspects of the present world sitand readiness of the coming generation to take uation from a Christian point of view. They were the leadership in the work of Christ with courage in themselves a remarkable exhibit and a convincand in His Name and Power. ing proof of the power of Christ and the world- wide influence of His Gospel to win the most out- The clear call today is for missionaries who are standing men and women of all races and nations true evangelists first of all-whatever other quali- to His standard. Dr. John R. Mott presided, himfications they may have. Christians at home who self a remarkable evidence of what Christ can do know Christ as Saviour and Lord will respond to in enlisting all a man's powers in the promotion the call to support qualified missionaries who go of the Kingdom of God throughout the world. out primarily to preach and to live Christ and to Among the Christian leaders from other lands train others for His service.

The Indianapolis Convention is calling together were Dr. S. K. Datta, a dark complexioned Indian over two thousand student delegates from the with a brilliant mind, the president of Forman United States and Canada-a much smaller num- Christian Coll~e, Lahore, and a leader in na- ber than have attended other conventions. A tional and church life in India; Dr. Cheng strong and comprehensive program has been Ching-yi, the General Secretary of the Church of planned with speakers of international reputation. Christ in China, former moderator of that church, These include national Christian leaders who are the vice-chairman of the International Mission- the fruits of mission work-Dr. Toyohiko Kag- ary Council, and a great force for cooperation awa, of Japan; Prof. Gonsalo Baez Camargo, of among all followers· of Christ throughout the Mexico; Dr. T. Z. Koo, of China; Mrs. Induk world; Professor Gonsalo Baez Camargo, Secre- Pak, of Korea, and President S. K. Datta, of tary of the National Council of the Evangelical India. The British and American leaders may be Churches of Mexico, a strong character and a bril- counted on for inspiring messages-Dr. Richard liant speaker; Mr. Etsuzo V. Yoshida, Treasurer Roberts, Moderator of the United Church of Can- of the National Christian Council of Japan and ada, and author of "That Strange Man Upon the one of the founders of the Omi Brotherhood in Cross," is a leading speaker; The Archbishop of Japan. Similar "exhibits" might have been pro- York (Dr. William Temple) will give a series of duced from South America, many parts of Africa, spiritual addresses; early American leaders of from Persia, Turkey, Syria, Burma, Malaya, the Movement-Dr. John R. Mott, Dr. Robert E. Korea and the Islands of the Pacific. The repre- Speer, Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, and possibly Dr. sentation was enlarged by the testimonies of Pro- Robert P. Wilder, one of the founders and former fessor Julius Richter, of Germany; Baroness van general secretary-are to be present and may be Boetzelaer van Dubbledam, of Holland; and counted on to speak with their usual force and Prebendary W. Wilson Cash, Secretary of the fire. Others of more recent fame will lead Church Missionary Society, who called himself a conferences-Dr. John A. Mackay, Prof. Basil "native Christian of the British Isles."

Mathews, Prof. K. S. Latourette, Prof. Henry P. The tenor of the testimonies of these Christian Van Dusen, and Dr. Daniel J. Fleming. witnesses included (1) the great need of their fel- Christians interested in world evangelism and low countrymen for Christ and all that He offers; the progress of the rule of Christ on earth are (2) the evidence of Christ's power in their own earnestly requested to unite in daily prayer for lives and in the lands from which they come; (3) this convention-its leaders, speakers and dele- the need for greater unity and closer cooperation gates-that Christ may be uplifted; that the real among all Christians; (4) the need for clearer conditions of the world and the needs of men may manifestation of the power and spirit of Christ in be vividly presented; that the responsibility of all who bear His name.

the Church and of each Christian may be brought If every church could hear such testimonies, home to all, that church members may realize the and see such convincing exhibits there would be claim of Christ on them and all that they have; no doubt as to the worth-whileness and future of that the power and program of God for the salva- Christian missions. If the program advocated by tion of mankind may be clearly presented so as to these men were truly carried out in all individual stir to adequate unity; that Christ's forces of missionaries and in Christians in the churches in every race, nation and name may fully cooperate all lands, there would dawn a new era of life and in the great work before us, and that the future we believe that a new advance of Christianity of the Student Volunteer Movement may be made would take place that would sweep all before it in clear as it is in the Will of God. the conquest of the world for Christ.

by Healing in

By T. A. LAMBIE, M.D., F.R.G.S.

-&f/, Field Director, Sudan Interior Mission, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia T HERE is perhaps no country where a med- He believed them and wrote a letter to the Regent, ical diploma acts more efficiently as a pass- His Majesty Ras Tafari, which preceded us and port than in Ethiopia. It is little wonder helped us to get to the ear of Royalty! His Maj- that foreigners are suspected in that ancient land, esty begged us to build a hospital in Addis Ababa, for many who have come to her from the outside and in answer to much earnest prayer alone, for world with fair promises have remained to cheat no one was asked for a penny, one man gave and plunder. Somehow the Ethiopians classify $70,000 and others gave nearly as much more, missionary doctors differently. and the hospital was built to the glory of God. Thousands have been treated and cured. Thou- The eyes of the world are focussed upon sands have had the Gospel preached to them. The Ethiopia, not knowing what awaits her. Twenty- hospital is modern in every respect. two years ago it would have been considered pre- posterous to imagine that a Serajevo incident Mrs. Lambie and I were asked to go out and could plunge the civilized world into war, but establish work in Ethiopia under the Sudan In- it is a historical fact that the former incident took terior Mission in 1927. Although severing of old place and we know with what results; twenty ties, particularly with this hospital, was not easy, years afterward a comparatively minor incident yet God has wonderfully prospered thisinterna- in an almost unknown land carries a threat of a tional, interdenominational mission. Station after similar major catastrophe. The world is very sick station has been opened in these few years. A and needs a physician. large Leprosarium, under Dr. E. Ralph Hooper, Over sixteen years ago, after having spent of Toronto, has recently been built and is running twelve years in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan at at full capacity. A splendid medical work has Khartoum and at a remote and needy place on also been going on at Soddu, Wollamo, one of the the Sobat River, treating annually tens of thou- populous southern capitals, and Dr. Percy Rob- sands of cases, Mrs. Lambie and I received an erts, of Montreal, is building a hospital there. In invitation to Ethiopia to help in the "flu" epi- the north at Lalibella, the famous place scarcely demic. Ethiopia was then almost closed to mis- seen by a white man, where there are eleven sionary enterprise; in all the land there was only monolithic churches, centuries old and one of the one Protestant worker. Thus, medicine was once marvels of the world, here Dr. Harriet Skemp and again the spear point, or the camel's nose, or Miss L. Blair, R.N., have been developing work whatever you choose to call it. Thousands of and a hospital is being built.

Gallas and Amharas were treated in Western Were there enough doctors Ethiopia might be Ethiopia and had the Gospel preached to them. opened to the Gospel from end to end, for where Most of the population seemed to need syphilitic a doctor goes several other missionaries can go. injections. Pneumonia and typhus were rampant There is a tremendous disparity between the but the "flu" epidemic had passed off before we numbers of young medical students who volunteer arrived. for the mission field and those who actually get A small hospital was opened and a mission sta- there. There is a wastage of medical volunteers tion established. We found that the tree wor- in the lecture rooms and hospitals. Often it is shipping Gallas seemed to have a real hunger for materialism that gets the young medico, often it the Word of God and we decided to take the long is a young lady who doesn't want to go, often it's overland trip to Addis Ababa, the capital. En a spiritual breakdown from too much study and route we stopped at Gore and treated Ras Nado, too little prayer. If something could only be done who came in the middle of the night with an ex- to stop this wastage and to inspire our fellow cruciating earache. From this ear I extracted a doctors toself-sacrificingly give themselves for tiny, black wood-boring beetle, which his soldiers work on the foreign field, how wonderful it would solemnly assured him would, if not removed, have be. Missionaries and home workers need to be bored its way through his head and caused death! tremendously more in earnest than ever before.

[ 519 ]

If the number of Christian doctors on the foreign age really started. Many a one whom God wants field could be trebled, and their spirituality was to go to Canaan, or to Africa, on a pilgrimage for in proportion, something tremendous would result. Him, does not get beyond Haran because of some I have acquired Ethiopian nationality in order old Father "Wait:-a-bit," or some Mother "I-need- to further the spread of the Gospel, and my sym- you-at-home." Sodom proved too much of a temp- pathies are with His Majesty Haile Selassie and tation for Lot and he went to the plain. Abraham Ethiopia. There are some wrongs in Ethiopia, as went to the mountain-to Hebron. Oh the heart- there are in every land, but His Majesty, who I ache Lot caused even before he made his selfish feel is a real Christian, is seeking to right them, choice. Be careful pilgrim, of the ones you take and in the four years since his coronation has with you. Watch the separated life. Avoid the done wonders. worldly companions. They make poor travel part- ners; they are not real tent dwellers. They want Lessons from Tent Life in Ethiopia their Sodoms and their Gomorahs, their Zoars My wife and I have a great feeling of kinship and their beastly caves. They y:earn for the with Abraham. We cannot compare with him in world. They mind earthly things. The truly sepactual time spent in tents, but in distances trav- arated Abraham does not yearn for the plain, but eled we probably surpass even Abraham. Many for the Hebron mountaintop, for Hebron means, months and years have we spent living in tentsperhaps more than any other missionaries of mod- will "Communion with God." He found in Mamre a ern times and so we feel qualified to speak something of the lessons learned from tent life and "place of richness." The heavenly pilgrim can speak with some authority of the spiritual ever find it so. Lot's leftover became Hebron; implications of a pilgrim life in tents. richness in communion with God is the place to pitch your tent. 1. One of the chief lessons of the pilgrim life is that the pilgrim must be unencumbered. "Lay- 5. What is indispensable on this our pilgrim ing aside every weight and the sin which doth so way is to have an infallible Guide. The children easily beset us" (Heb. 12: 1). Extra weight keeps of Israel had no need of the eyes of a Hobab or the pilgrim back. Too many needless things are Raguel when they had the fiery pillar to lead them surely a trouble and a care and slow him up. "No on. How often on caravan have we lost our way, soldier encumbereth himself with the affairs of taken the wrong turning and had to retrace weary this life." Pilgrim, beware of encumbrances that steps. We become separated from our guide. slow you up. We thought we knew the way only to find our- 2. Hold your possessions lightly. There are a selves in "bye-path meadow" from which it is hundred travel accidents that may happen to spoil only a short distance to "Doubting Castle." We your belongings or cause the loss of them. No need to stick close to our Guide who has promised travel insurance policy can be written to insure to direct us. against white ants, mildew, and the many other hazards of tent life. One must learn to hold one's 6. Care of the tent. The tent is the pilgrim's possessions lightly, and even "take joyfully the home. It is a poor thing, perhaps; not like a spoiling of one's possessions." Don't grieve over castle, or even as good as a poorhouse, but still it them-your heavenly treasure is infinitely more is all he has to live in and it is much better than desirable. nothing. One must take care of it or it will rap- idly deteriorate and no longer keep out the sun 3. The importance of water. One learns never and the rain, the wind and the dust and when it to get far from water. Water is the life of the caravan, for even the desert camel cannot go very is gone it cannot be restored. So with these far from water. Water means life, not only for man, but also for beast, pasture as well as drink. bodies of ours-we must not neglect them. We "Wherever the river cometh there shall be life may be called to burn out for God in a quick and fierce flame like saintly Henry Martyn, but ordi- narily God wants us to live a long and useful life for Him. We should not wilfully neglect our bodies. .

. . ." (Ezk. 47: 9). In this pilgrim walk stay 7. My wife has suggested – food, and I reply close to the River of Living Water, to the water with a hearty "Yes." The life is hard. It does that Christ alone can give. take strength out of one. Almost frozen at night.

4. Companions. One of the most important in some lofty mountain pass or scorched at noon things is to decide whom to take with you. Abram in some fiery desert, when the very air seems to started out with two weak companions as a handi- reel-aching muscles from descending some mile cap-Terah and Lot. He could get Father Terah high canyon, that would almost puzzle a wild goat, ("wait-a-bit") to Haran, but not beyond. Old one does need good food to keep up, month after Father "Wait-a-bit" had to die before the pilgrim- month, year after year. Pilgrim, be careful of

CONQUEST BY HEALING IN ETHIOPIA

your food. If your only food is the Home Journal ETHIOPIA, THE LAND AND PEOPLE and things of that kind, you will never get very In "The Chronicles of Ethiopia," the descent of far. If you never read a sermon, or the biography the original inhabitants is traced from Noah of some Brainerd, or Carey or Livingstone, or the through Cush, the son of Ham. "Aithiops (son letters of a MacCheyne, or a Rutherford, how can of Cush) begat Aksumawi," who is reputed to you have an appetite for heavenly food. If your have founded the Holy City of Aksum, the former Bible reading is neglected, so that you read the capital which the Italian army has recently capdaily newspaper far more than God's Holy Word, tured. how can you be strengthened in your pilgrim life Modern Ethiopia (formerly known as Abysfor Him. We need to be fed with food "conven- sinia) is called "the Hermit Empire," or the ient for us." Once when we were traveling on a "Switzerland of Africa." It is the last independlong journey in Africa, we got tired of our dry ent empire in the Dark Continent and is mostly a food and when we saw some men carrying beau- high plateau from which rise many mountains. tiful fresh fish, we shouted for joy. We bought Its area is about 350,000 square miles and its popand ate them, to find out later to our sorrow that ulation is estimated at between 10 and 12 million they made us very ill and until we recovered we people–for the most part very primitive. Politwere not able to travel. Much of what we read ically the country is divided into four great provtoday is like poisoned fish; we eat it and our inces-Shoa, Tigre, Amhara and Gojam-with jo.urney is halted, sometimes ended. .other lesser provinces under various chiefs. Heile 8. Endurance. Patient in well-doing. When Selassie (Ras Tafari Makonnen) proclaimed him- we rush about on aeroplanes and racing cars, self Emperor (King of Kings of Ethiopia) on the streamlined trains and ocean greyhounds, there death of Empress Zanditu (Judith) in 1930. He is not so much need of a patient endurance. It is is reported to be an enlightened Christian em- different on a mule or a camel, or on foot. The peror seeking the good of his people.

miles stretch out endlessly and a journey of a few The inhabitants are divided into numerous hundred miles seems endless. In five minutes in tribes, speaking some seventy languages and dia- an aeroplane I traveled recently in Africa as much lects. The state Ethiopian Church is similar to as in one day by muleback. The way seems long the Coptic Church of Egypt. The prevailing but it will not be so in retrospect. Only one life, speech is Amharic, with 251 characters. Their "'twill soon be past, only what's done for God will sacred scriptures are written in Ethiopic or Geez, last." "Be thou faithful unto death and I will a dead language, pronounced by priests but not give thee a crown of Life." understood. Many of the people of Ethiopia are 9. Early rising. Get up and meet with your Moslems and multitudes are pagans-ignorant Lord and then you will have strength to do the and superstitious. day's work, to reach the camping place, to the journey~s end, to the desired haven. Don't put it Among the Evangelical missions in Ethiopia off. Don't be a sluggard and lie abed. are the United Presbyterians who have twenty- three missionaries, located in three stations; 10. Many other lessons have been taught us but the Sudan Interior Mission with twelve stations, and about 75 missionaries; the Seventh Day Ad- I mention one more: to have an objective is the ventists who occupy three stations, the Swedish most important of all lessons. To be going some- Evangelical Mission with 18 missionaries, and where. Our lives are planned, but the sad thing the British and Foreign Bible Society. A Danish is that so many Christians never get into the Di- Mission is ready to send three workers as soon as vine plan. Many never get on the pilgrim way conditions permit. Most of the missionaries have designed for them, that will lead them to the goal elected to remain in Ethiopia to help the people he had designed, on the path that His feet have in this time of trouble. From an Evangelical trodden. Let us remember Him, who in the days Christian standpoint missionary work has touched of His flesh was a pilgrim, who had neither nest, only a small number of the people. The oppornor foxes' hole, nor even a tent, and who occupied tunity is great for the Emperor has given the a borrowed grave in His death. missionaries a hearty welcome and the people are Follow this Guide, this Pilgrim, this Wayfaring ready to listen.

Man, this Saviour. He will lead us on a road un- The Italian subjection of Ethiopia would mean like any other, and one that will be different from that the last independent African State will never that trod by any other pilgrim in its details, but have the opportunity to develop along African one which His feet trod before. Follow even lines. The winning of Ethiopia to Christ, and the though it lead to some dark Gethsemane, without development of the people on enlightened Chris- the gate to some Africa or China, or to some Cal- tian lines, will mean national progress of the best vary Hill. "Follow thou Me," said our Saviour type and will promote peace and goodwill in and Lord. Africa and in the world.

in the New India*

By the REV. RICHARD BURGES, England General Secretary, India Sunday School Union, 1896·1921 "THE most amazing characteristic of man- cent years turmoil and agitation have swept over kind remains today what it always was; the 350 millions of India's people. Has the man's inability to recognize the expected." chariot of God stood still in these years of unrest?

India supplies an illustration of this truth spoken Far from it! The government census for the by Lord Eustace P'ercy. For generations the decade ending 1931 shows that every day, during British encouraged the use of the English lan- those ten years, four hundred were added to the guage, lauded the free institutions of the West, Christian community, even though missionary fostered the growth of democracy and adminis- ranks were sadly depleted. Statistics do not mean tered regular doses of John Stuart Mill. In the everything but they show that the Kingdom of fly-leaf of "Liberty" by Mill the following quota- God is firmly established in India and they indi- tion was printed: "The grand leading principle, cate great possibilities for the future. The spir- towards which every argument unfolded in these itual power of the Christian Church, in the fu- pages directly converges, is the absolute and es- ture, as in the past, lies in the willingness of the sential importance of human development in its Church to cooperate with her Lord in the redemp- richest diversity." Wonder of wonders; the tion of the world and thus establish the lordship Mother of Parliaments suddenly woke up to the of Jesus Christ over every department of human fact that India was adolescent, and desired at life. Mathematics cannot supply a yardstick with least a prospect of wholesome independence. which to measure spiritual influences.

Each milestone on the high road of British In- Many facts could be rehearsed. Let one only dian history tells of advance towards responsible suffice. Away on the northeastern mountains of self-government. Progress has been slow but India are the North Lushai Hills, once inhabited sure. The Simon Commission, the Round Table by head-hunting aboriginals. In the year 1897 Conferences, the cooperation of the Indian the first missionary arrived. The seed grew Princes, and the desire of the British public for a slowly and secretly and at the end of a decade, "fair deal," all reach a climax in the new Govern- there was one church with 32 members. The ment of India Bill. While not underestimating Christian community now embraces nearly 61,000 the importance of other aspects, we will consider members or about two-thirds of the whole pop- the distinctly Christian point of view. Will this, ulation. The Presbyterian Church of Wales, re- the most momentous venture of Parliament, in sponsible for this great work, can verify these our day, help or hinder Christian progress? statements. Incredible, romantic; but true!

The Romans were good colonizers, built roads There is a saying among the Chinese that and endeavored to be tolerant. They tried to though no one knows how the mustard seed was balance the scales of justice, but the Jews never brought to China, yet today the mustard trees had a good word for them. They wailed and wept could not be rooted out of the land. The Seed of for freedom. Britain has given India roads, law the Kingdom of God was carried to India in ob- courts, colleges, schools, hospitals, irrigation proj- scure ways but the tree that has grown therefrom ects, etc., but India wants to be free. The British can never be rooted out. Principalities and pow- have sown the seeds of freedom. What is more ers will never, never be able to prevail against it.

reasonable than that India should desire to man- All that the churches have done through their age her own home? missionaries is but preliminary. Indian Chris- The living seed of the Gospel, planted by Chris- tians cling to them as their best friends, and they.

tian missionaries, has produced a great tree. are trusted by every thoughtful section of society.

About two per cent of the Indian population are One effect of Christianity is to enrich and de- now connected with the Christian Church. In re- velop personality and this new life has made • The writer was present in the House of Commons on July 30th sInenddiat hree·sltrlemsso.st Tcohme pcehtuerncthmesenofanthdewWomesetn must during the last debate on this "Government of India 1935" bill. mistReonyslavl eapssreenptarbatriionngsfotor aanneewffeccotinvsetitcultoisoen nfoear rlIyndeiaig. ht years of in- sl·onaries to the East. The BI·shop of Manchester, [522 ] at the International Missionary Council at J eru- instrument which will, in due time, secure their salem, said: "We do not go to non-Christian na- emancipation. Child marriage, infant and ma- tions because they are the worst or alone in need, ternal mortality, education of girls and respect but because they are part of the world and share for woman's dignity and personality, and kindred with us the same human need." The Indian subjects, will be sure to receive effective attention.

Church needs and desires assistance in producing Christians will continue to lead the van in these Christ-like citizens. This is the hour for con- matters.

solidating our position and for advance, not re- In the years ahead, the centre of Christian work treat. in India will be the indigenous Church and I be- Many Indians, non-Christians as well as Chris- lieve that at no distant date money disbursed by tians, seeking suitable education for sons and missionary societies outside India will be used to daughters, instinctively favor the Christian insti- build up the Indian Church, under Indian admin- tutions because of their high character and help- istration.

ful atmosphere. Whatever changes the Reforms The Rev. J. I. Hasler, B.A., many years in the may impose on education in India I believe that service of the Baptist Missionary Society, says: this disposition will remain. The Christian col- "During recent years the policy of foreign mis- leges, hospitals, schools, farms, workshops, wel- sions has become what is known as 'Church-Cen- fare centres and orphanages, seek to win people tric' and that devolution of responsibility, power to Christ but do not wish to secure converts by and work to the Indian Church, is encouraged."

unfair or "camouflaged" methods. The doctor, Signs are not wanting that a united Church in the nurse, the teacher, all seek to express their India is developing. Christianity need no longer love to their Lord, by using their professional be under suspicion that it is the religion of the services and personal influence to help their fel- "White Man," the "Foreigner," the "Sahib" or low men. Conversion by coercion, from one faith the "Government." No more need the Indian to another, is condemned by Christians and non- Church be confused with the traditions of the Christians alike. Church in the West. She will be the Church of The Rt. Rev. the Lord Bishop of Calcutta, Met- Christ in India. She will be free to adopt Indian ropolitan Bishop of India, writing me as recently architecture, music, ritual. She will be free to as July 23, 1935, said: face and reform her world under the guidance When there was a peace conference in Dehli in 1923 and power of the Holy Spirit. She will be free when the Hindu and Muhammadan conflict was severe, I to make her own spiritual contribution to the was asked to take part in it and was the only Christian Church universal. "The Church," says Henry with some twelve Hindus and Muhammadans in the com- Barclay Swete, D.D., "alone among human somittee of that conference which framed resolutions. One cieties, has a Head in heaveri, and this is linked of those was to the effect that people were at liberty to to the eternal and infinite." By faith we can hear seek by fair persuasion to change the faith of others but not by material inducements. That expresses the general the march of the on-coming millions! feeling among educated people. Gandhi, I believe, has It is hardly possible to exaggerate the imporobjeeted to proselytism but I think that it is the proselytism by material inducements to which he objects. I am sure tance of the village in Indian life. The policeman that he would admit that everyone has the right to his can stop and direct vehicles, but he cannot stop beliefs and to change his mind. and direct ideas. Men and children, in increasing The Release of Power numbers, will see the pictures and hear the wire- less talks after their toil in the fields; women Under the Reforms there will be the release of from secluded places will also hear and see.

an Everest and a Niagara of personality. Slowly Motor transport is linking these villages. The the value of the electoral vote will be understood. cumulative effect on the peasant folk is enormous.

Then the power will be felt of 35 million persons Eighty-nine per cent of India's 350 million peo- at the polls. Fourteen per cent of the British ple live in villages, and four out of every five of Indian population will have the legal right to vote the Indian Christians live in villages. Beyond for their own representatives on the governing question the future of India will largely depend bodies. As a general rule the qualification for on village uplift.

the franchise will be payment of local taxes or Educationally the position of Christians is con- land revenue. The proportion of women to men spicuously high. The Christian community re- voters is 1 to 5. Six seats will be reserved for cently claimed 1570 of the total number of col- women in the Upper Federal Chamber. "A per- lege graduates, while the same community only son shall not be disqualified by sex from being ap- embraced 2% of the population. Numerically pointed to any civil post in India, other than such Christians are included among the so-called mi- posts as may be specified by general or special norities. If the seats for Indian Christians in the order." This puts into the hands of women an Legislatures are not in proportion to their num-

bers, trouble may be expected. The complaint is surprised if in this vital realm there is a tightening of also made that the fundamental rights of citizens official control. Christian institutions that depend in any in the free and full exercise of their religious be- measure on Government grants will doubtless be called liefs, and that the fundamental rights of minori- upon to accept conditions hard to be borne; a reduction ties, have not been defined in the new constitution. in grants is likely and an extended application of the It is alleged that some Indians mean to work the Conscience Clause inevitable. To maintain their freedom constitution, and then use their powers to turn and impart the education they regard as essential, it may the foreigners out, to stop grants to Christian be necessary for Christian institutions to forego Governinstitutions, and to try to smash the new con- ment grants, and even establish their own university. stitution. . . . But even here there is ground for confidence. Un- less we are greatly mistaken, the conv~ctiim is deep rooted The allocation of special seats for Christians in in the Indian mind that Christian colleges and schools the Legislatures may tend to create a new caste. have brought something of incalculable value to the cause Unimpeachable integrity is ft sounder qualifica- of education, and we believe that all who seek the highest tion in a candidate than mere nominal connection good of the nation will not readily let that influence with the Christian community. An experienced weaken. Baptist Missionary, the Rev. F. W. Jarry, M.A., says: Federated India, when it becomes a reality, will consist of H. M. The King, represented by the Some of the leaders of the Christian community have Governor General, and two Chambers styled the intimated that it is not their wish to take advantage of Council of State and the House of Assembly. In the Communal representation offered on the Councils; but the former there will be· about 150 members, have expressed their readiness to stand for election as elected by their constituencies, plus about 100 apcitizens of India, and not as representing the Christian pointed by the Rulers of States; in the House of community; and their statement made quite an impres- Assembly there will be about 250 elected and sion on some of the leading Hindus. about 125 appointed members. In debates and voting the truth will soon emerge that members The Joint Committee Report on Fundamental will not have reached their seats by the same Rights* shows the grave danger of trying to de- routes. Each elected member would have to think fine a thing which almost defies definition. It was of his constituency, while each appointed member found impracticable to draft a statement. The would have to think of his Ruling Chief. Rev. W. Paton, M.A., Secretary of the International Missionary Council, who has given the sub- Visualize the scene! With all the goodwill in ject close study, says: the world, the situation cannot fail to be delicate. What result may be expected? Democracy will The indisposition of Government to make statutory pro- grow like a palm tree. The great Rajahs will lead vision for the rights (}f minorities is simply due to the the way in the establishment of Limited Mondifficulty of putting anything into the form of a statute archies and Parliamentary Institutions. Then which is sufficiently explicit to be useful, and not danger- existing treaties will be absorbed, by agreement, ously static and formal. The Instrument of Instructions in a higher synthesis. All this may materialize given by the Secretary of State to each Viceroy and each sooner than now seems possible. Governor will lay upon them in the most explicit possible way the care of minorities, and personally I am convinced Dr. S. K. Datta, in the Legislature Assembly, that this is adequate. "held up the Indian Christian Church and its in- ternal self-government as the most real piece of I would as soon trust an able and just Governor as I democracy in India." In this spiritual sense the would a High Court interpreting a fixed Statute, or a Christian Church points to the key of progress, special Minorities Committee. and the Church can supply the amalgam with which to fuse the whole of India into a united Will there by any disposition, under the Re- Empire. forms, to take all educational work out of the hands of Christian missionaries, and to remove After many years as a missionary in India, I the subject of religion from the syllabus of all watched the sun setting as I leaned over the bulcolleges and schools? warks of my ship as I took my last look at my beloved India. Mingled memories and hopes held The Rev. J. Z. Hodge, who has recent informa- me captive. In the distance I saw a great cross tion and wide knowledge, says in his article in the on a Church silhouetted against the sky. I was National Christian Council Review (June, 1934, satisfied. The Cross is "lifted up." That is suffipage 281) : cient! I have no fear about the future of India!

That some inhibition on the free play of Christian ac- Grant, 0 Lord, that we who live in such glorious times tivity will be imposed is, we think, certain. Education, may be saved from pettiness and self-seeking, may be for instance . . . is something that bears directly on the filled with a gallant and undaunted spirit, and may be growth and well-being of the State and we need not be diffusers of light, invigorating all we meet, through Jesus Christ Our Lord. Amen. • Paragraph 366, page 215

Harvest in Hyderabad, Deccan*

By the REV. CHARLES W. POSNETT, Medak Missionary of the Methodist Church of England GOD has been wonderfully answering our Christ as Master, whatever befalls. So we put prayers in Hyderabad, When I first ar- these people off for six months. rived there forty years ago the ground When they returned home, they had to go seemed hard as iron. For several years we visited through the furnace. Their land was stolen; their the village markets, treating the sick and preach- water supply cut off; they were dragged to the ing the Gospel. Then, one day, an old man called courts on false charges. There was one continued, me to his house, and said, "Padre Sahib, we in ceaseless effort to make them recant and cry out this house want to worship your God. Yours is for peace at any cost. The devil seemed to have the only religion that cares for the untouchables. entered into the hearts of their enemies, who were When your lady doctor was trying to save my determined to stop the rising tide. Yet it was of dying boy, the people looked on and said, 'She no avail.

must be a scavenger in her own country.' She North of the Godavery River, when I first vis- was the first who ever cared for us untouchables, ited these people they boycotted us i~ every vil- and so we want to learn about your J esu Swami." lage. We could see no one, speak to no one, and From that home, the Gospel spread to a thou- we could not even buy food. Wherever we went, sand other homes, and today, in that area alone, the villagers fled, as if we carried the plague. The tens of thousands of untouchables, have been bap- great landowning chief of the district had ordered tized after they have been thoroughly taught to this boycott, for he feared that if Christianity know Christ and His way of life. entered his villages the day of forced labor, by An old missionary of another church said to me, which he had grown rich, would pass away. Yet, "If we had gone on your plan and done the job as within two years, that very man sent runners a thoroughly we too should have a great harvest hundred and fifty miles, begging me to come to him. He had been ill, and when he had been given today." up as dead by the native doctors our young travel- For years we have rejoiced over this harvest. ing doctor had come and saved his life. When I Now, must we weep over it because of lack of reached the great Godavery River, he was waiting workers and support? in the midst of all his people; and there, on the river banks, we knelt in prayer. The boycott was For twenty-five years this harvest was entirely over, and today we have in that area thousands of amongst untouchables; but gradually the young strong Christians of all castes-and, best of all, people who have been through Christian schools the Bible is beginning to be read in the homes of have gone back to their villages, by their lives and our people. character have compelled the respect of those caste people who had always trodden them under- The Rev. E. L. Ananto Rao, a splendid Indian foot as slaves. minister (who came to England as representative for the Methodist Union meeting), is the moving One day a deputation of caste people came to spirit amidst this wonderful harvest. Each week me to ask for a young teacher. They said, "We his letters tell of more villages asking for the know he is an untouchable, but he is pure as gold, light. Are we to close the Bible to them? What and he has become our friend; we want him to answer will we give? come to teach us." Last December I attended his harvest thanks- This was only the beginning. That year, six giving when about two thousand people from all hundred caste Hindus from all over the country over the countryside came, bringing their offercame to Medak, and for three days they listened ings. All along the country roads there were and asked questions. Before they left they asked groups of people, the children and old women in for baptism, but our watchword in Hyderabad has bullock carts, and the village drummers going on always been "Thorough." We will baptize no one before. The young men had gone ahead to prepare unless we are sure he is prepared to stick to • From The Methodist Reco,'der, England, for the night meeting. They had put up a thou- [525 ]

sand lights, made of little burning cotton wicks, is not a penny for new evangelists, and that even lying in earthen saucers full of oil. These were those we have, living on one pound a month, must stuck on sticks, with a lump of clay, and they lit lose nearly two months salary in the year. up the whole place. As it grew dark the villages Is it possible that this great day of opport~nity for miles around could see the great Christian for which we have prayed so long, over which we "jatra." All night people were marching in with have rejoiced so much together, must now be al- their drums and their thank-offerings. The col- lowed to pass away, and that the golden harvest lection lasted about eight hours, for every man must be left to rot upon the ground?

and woman wanted to be prayed for and blessed.

Ananta Rao had told me that there was to be a great Communion service in the early morning; he wanted both caste and outcaste to come togeth- er to the Lord's Table. They have no church, and I feared they might be very tired, dirty and dis- orderly, for most of them had been up almost all night after a long tramp in the dust. Imagine my surprise when I arrived, to find two hundred and fifty men and women, mostly young people, evidently having risen before dawn to bathe and put on the clean clothing which they had brought all the way from their homes. The caste and out- caste were all mixed together, sitting on the ground, in quiet and perfect order. I think it was the most wonderful and inspiring Communion servic~ that I have ever seen.

To crown all, a whole family of high-caste Hin- dus came up for baptism, led by the eldest son, a village chief. Nine years ago he had come to say that he had been reading the Bible with one of our untouchable Christian boys, and he had heard the Master calling him. Even as this boy spoke to me, a great crowd of his relatives came to take him back home by force. For two days they stayed, trying in every way to get hold of him, and pleading with him to come back and give up his madness. At last, his mother and his family banged their heads on the ground in despair and began to chant a funeral song: "My son is dead, my son is dead." Nine years had passed since then; and now, that very family were standing there, all in white and looking so happy, all well prepared for baptism by their own son.

Such is the harvest waiting now for the reap- A PETITION FROM THE VILLkGE OF MAMDE ing. Is it to rot upon the fields? Translation-We poor villagers have heard of Jesu Just before leaving India a few months ago, I Swami the true God and we do not want to worship wood- en and stone idols any more. We have been bringing went to meet three hundred caste people in an- cattle and sheep to the Cholera goddess for hundreds of other village. They were all asking for teachers. years, but she has never done us any good. We have Half the night I sat with them, listening to them, sacrificed to all the gods but they have never helped us. as they tried to tell the story of Jesus and to sing Now our relatives have become men of Jesus and they are a few lyrics in order to show me that they were very happy, and their children are learning to read the really in earnest. One after another they started, Holy Jesus Book, but we have no Book and our eyes are and in a few moments they broke down, and blind because we cannot read. We. want to worship the stretching out their hands, they said pitifully, golden feet of Jesu Swami but there is no one here to "How can we learn, we have no one to teach us teach us. Can we never have the Holy Jesus Book for our children to read to us? Must we always be blind?

the Holy Book?" Please send us a teacher with the Golden Book. What was I to say to them? Shall we sound a Elders of Mamde- Bommerai Abe Bhoy, retreat? Weare told that seven of our mission- aries must come home from Hyderabad, that there Pichirai Poshe.

Crucial Issue in Latin

A Meditation on the Present Missionary Situation By REV. JOHN A. MACKAY, Ph.D.

-4f Secretary Presbyterian Board o~ Foreign Missions, Author of . – "The Other Spanish Christ" and "That Other America"

T HE issue that confronts Christian, mission ural and inevitable expressions of the Spirit of work in Latin America is the same that con- Christ-the ceaseless urge to do good to every- fronts it around the world. To what extent one and to do all things well as Jesus did. But is there emerging in Latin American countries, the missionary's chief concern will be not to do on pampa and sierra, in teeming cities and forest good but to create doers of good, in whom the wilds, a community of men and women, who hav- same Spirit that inspires himself shall be regnant. ing given themselves utterly to Jesus Christ, have For unless these are formed, the outpouring of become members of His Body, organ for His life, the lavish expenditure of gifts, the idealistic ceaseless activity? How far is the Christian orientation of thought, will become one day but Church being born-that special community whos·e a memory. function it is to bear witness to God in the world and fulfil His redemptive purpose for the world? It is the emergence of an indigenous Christian The only absolute criterion of the success of community that is the goal of the missionary's Christian missions is the birth and development aspiring. Such a community, if it is true to the of that kind of living fellowship. idea that lies at the heart of it, will be a witness- ing fellowship as the early Christian community With Latin America specifically in mind, let us was. Not lovers and admirers of Jesus, or even consider three reasons in support of the position isolated believers in the Christ, is the missionthat the crucial question in mission work in that ary's goal. His goal is a community, "a fellowarea, as in other areas, is the question of the ship of the Spirit," a community of people, that Church. is to say, who have been recreated by God's Spirit and welded into a fellowship. It is not the hold- 1. Because the birth and nurture of an indige- ing of services that will bind them together, nor nous church is the supreme objective of Christian loyalty to denominational forms. They will be missions. Missionaries do not go to any country modern sons and daughters of Pentecost, which primarily as the bearers of a Christian civiliza- as one has put it, "created a community of sacred tion, even if there were, which there is not, a kind love which frees humanity from all limitations of of civilization which merited that name. The naturalegotism." The new sense of togetherness function of the Christian Church, here or any- which they have experienced in Christ will make where, is not to create a new civilization but the them natural successors of those early Christians creators of a new civilization. Missionaries leave who went to the utmost limits in the sharing of their own country and civilization, in order to spiritual gifts and material possessions. The reproduce, wherever they go, the community of kind of community which is the goal of missionfaith to which they belong, not in any merely ary effort will live a life in which theory and denominational or sectarian sense, but conform- practice as closely coincide as they do in the most ing the new community, as nearly as possible, to rigorous of communistic thinkers. Alas that God's ideal for the corporate life of new men and such a community is so little in evidence in North women in Christ. America or in Latin America! Yet it, and it alone, must be the goal of missionary efforts both' Needless to say, Christian missionaries will here and there. communicate the best and truest things they know and give of the best things they have to the people This fellowship will bea witnessing fellowship. among whom they labor, as they will also combat, It will bear witness to God. It will do so as one by all legitimate means,every form of evil among has put it, by manifesting a gift of "perpetual them. Schools of different kinds will thus appear parentage." That is to say, the community will and hospitals, and other institutions for the pro- not exist for itself. It will live for truth, beauty motion of public welfare. These are all the nat- [527 ]

and goodness in their manifold forms. But above plying that to become so is the highest of all goals, all things it will bear witness to the Word of they should do so by learning of Christ at the God, to the reality of a Divine aggression in his- pristine source of Christian knowledge in the tory, in the person of Jesus Christ, to the reality Gospels.

of the Word Incarnate, and to the equal reality Another element in the new mood of Latin of Holy Scripture as the medium in which we America that can be regarded as a true prepara- can hear unerringly the voice of God. tion for an appreciation of Christianity, is the It is perfectly obvious that just as a Christian renunciation on the part of many choice spirits, mission, though incidentally a civilizing agency, of that spiritual traditional indifference which cannot undertake the task of civilizing a country, has been so universal, especially among the culso a Christian community in a country cannot tured class throughout the continent. Many assume responsibility for all that country's needs. younger intellectuals in Latin America decry the Its chief function will ever be, as a model human traditional philosophy of life which kept those fellowship, to bear witness to the Gospel that who laid claim to culture everlastingly upon the spectators' balcony. They are now descending there is good news from God to man. from their marble towers of contemplation and A Widespread Yearning for Reality sensuous enjoyment of life to take their place as crusaders upon the road. Inasmuch as it is im- 2. Because the new mood in Latin America possible for anyone to understand Christianity demands what only the Christian Church can sup- who does not put to himself the question, "What ply. There are times in the life of a country, or shall I do?" there stands before the Christian of a group of countries, in which there comes into forces today in Latin America, an unprecedented evidence a deep and widespread yearning for opportunity to unveil the meaning of the great Christian reality. That mood is operative today spiritual crusade which began with God, which in the deepest soul of Latin Americans. There is, is being carried on by God, and to enlistment in to begin with, a growing consciousness in many which God challenges men and women in our outstanding minds that the true future, their own time. Many have become used, for the first time, and their country's, is in some way bound up with to making irrevocable commitment of loyalty to Jesus Christ. Despite the fact that the historic a cause, who formerly regarded with disdain and religion of Latin America has been guilty to a as mere "sectarians" any who linked their lives to large extent of a grave betrayal of Jesus Christ, a single idea or any single loyalty. They are yet that name, through the instrumentality of the ready, therefore, to appreciate the meaning of Roman Catholic Church throughout the continent, . the Christian cause, the Christian crusade. They has been written into the continental conscious- will not be satisfied with anything. that rests in ness. So much so is this true that one ventures mere forms or ideas and that fails to have a to say that there is an increasing longing for a great passion, a great drive, at the heart of ittrue undertanding of Christ throughout the con- such a passion and such a drive as lie at the heart tinent. The same we believe will be true of Latin of true Christianity, as that ought to be expressed America that was true in the case of St. Augus- by a genuine Christian community. tine. Having learned about Christ from his mother, no system of thought, nor way of living, The Breaking Down of Individualism ever satisfied him through all the long years of his spiritual pilgrimage that had not Christ in it. And then there is the new craving for com- These memorable words of his in his Confessions radeship that is breaking down the old individ- may be read as true of some of the most represent- ualism of the Iberian soul. A young Spanish ative men and women in Latin America today, writer has recently taken to task the great think- "For this name, according to Thy mercy, 0 Lord, ers of his country, Miguel Unamuno and Ortega this name of my Saviour, Thy Son, had my tender Gasset, because they have been too individualistic heart, even with my mother's milk, devoutly in their thinking and have not sufficiently stressed drunk in as deeply precious; and whatsoever was the conception of collectivity. The younger gen- without that name, though ever so learned, pol- eration, he said, is interested in corporate living.

ished or true, took not entire hold of me." It is What an oppor-tunity for the Evangelical Church for this reason that the Argentine, Ricardo Rojas, in Latin America to unveil to the eager thought says, in his "Invisible Christ," that he believes of new Iberians and Indo-Americans the concep- that the destiny of his beloved Argentina is bound tion of corporate living that is at the heart of up indissolubly with Jesus Christ; and that the Christianity, to show how the Church, and the ex-President of Mexico, Portes Gil, affirms that Church alone, is in possession of the key to the if Mexican children are to become Christian, im- meaning of life, and alone is able to produce that

THE CRUCIAL ISSUE IN LATIN AMERICA

type of character which makes true social togeth- the undertaking, yet this is hardly so. With a erness possible! more careful study of the mental attitude of the 3. Because only the Christian Church can suc- cultured natives, and a more thorough grasp of cessfully resist the new "demonic" forces that are the significance of the Message and the methods making their appearance in Latin America and employed, the missionary should find ways of elsewhere in our time. The liberal era is rapidly reaching every class and every individual with the coming to an end, that spirit which took up an Gospel. But the preaching of the Gospel has been attitude of appreciation or tolerance towards confused with the formal exercise of Christian potent spiritual realities. But in our day new worship. It has seemed necessary to the missionand terrible forces are making their appearance. ary to have public prayer, hymn singing, and Christianity is no longer being admired or treated Bible reading as essential accompaniments of each with patronizing or disdainful airs. It is being presentation of his Gospel message. Now, to the ruthlessly challenged and combated by forces native, to stand up with the congregation and to which are demonic in their nature, inasmuch as . join in singing a hymn, or to unite in public they are to all intents and purposes new religions prayer, is identified with a strange worship.

that usurp the place of God on the modern stage. The greatest hindrance of all, perhaps, lies in Fascism in its various determinations is the most the method almost invariably adopted in starting potent "religion" in the world arena today. It a mission in new places. The first step is to find assails Christianity and tries to eradicate it, or a hall and furnish it with seats, an organ, and a it endeavors to subordinate it to its own pur- platform. But this hall with its meeting-furni- poses. The State is the new god. Stateolatry ture becomes a real obstacle between the mission- is the great religion of our time. Ours is there- ary and the community. The native who thinks fore a period when one of the chief, if not the he is going to get some material advantage-edu- chief task of Christianity, is to offer a spiritual cational facilities, economic protection, easy em- center of resistance to this new deity. This it ployment, etc., may break through the obstruc- must do uncompromisingly in the lists or in the tion; but the average high-minded native, the catacombs. It is abundantly evident that no dif- man – and still more the woman – who would used Christian influence has the slightest chance make the most desirable convert, will not.

of surviving the terrific onslaught of the crusad- The foreign character of the missionary &nd his ers of this new god. They only have a chance of methods has become so associated with the work surviving who are a "fellowship of the Spirit" of the Gospel that thoughtful Peruvians who are and who, knit together in a common experience thoroughly in sympathy with the spirit and purand pledged to a common loyalty, will not bow poses of the Protestant missionary, feel themthe knee to this new Baal but will bear testimony selves inhibited from any identification with the to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ movement. Any participation in it seems to be and to His purpose for mankind. Think of Ger- treason against the traditions of their race. The many, think of Turkey, think of Mexico. In Peruvian finds it difficult to conceive of an edu- Turkey, alas, there is no Christian Church today cated native choosing to become a Protestant, alas the fruit of Christian missions. The great though it seems natural to think of the educated battleground of Christianity in our time is in the foreigner as being in place in the Evangelical parishes of the Third Reich. Mexico some months Church. If this difficulty is to be overcome, a ago, was in the throes of a campaign to eradicate larger percentage of the foreign missionaries Christianity and all religion from the conscious- must enter much more fully into the intellectual ness of the people. Only a living Church can stand in such a time. life of the native community. They must familiar- ize themselves not only with the language, but For all these reasons there comes a call to mis- also with the history, the problems, the aspirasionary societies at work in Latin America, to. tions, and the fears and prejudices of the people take earnest cognizance of the extent to which, through their efforts, living Christian communi- among whom they labor. And the missionary ties have been formed, which bear witness to God. must be prepared to alter his emphasis in the presentation of the Gospel so that while no less loyal to the teachings of our Lord, he may suc- . cessfully interpret these teachings so that they OVERCOMING HINDRANCES IN PERU shall appeal to the highest aspirations and the One of the greatest hindrances to the progress deepest feelings of the people to whom he has of the Gospel in Peru is the foreign element in the been sent.-From "The West Coast Republics of missionary and in his methods. At first sight South America," edited by Webster E. Browning, this might seem inseparable from the nature of John Ritchie, Kenneth G. Grubb; pages 91-92.

Bagby a Pioneer in

By INABELLE GRAVES COLEMAN, Richmond, Virginia Publici'ly Secretary, FOI'eign Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention "THE most marvelous thing I have seen dur- and sugar cane. During the past half-century ing this half century in Brazil was the there has been a five thousand per cent increase bloodless revolution-the fall of a great em- in Southern Baptists' harvest crop for the Mas- ter in Brazil. pire and the setting up of the Republic without bloodshed," said Dr. William B. Bagby, the senior Fifty-five years ago Dr. William B. Bagby and eighty-year-old missionary of the Southern Bap- his bride, Anne Luther Bagby, were appointed as tist Convention. Many radical reforms-such as pioneer missionaries to South America. Sailing from Baltimore, they spent forty-nine seasick days on the small, storm-tossed barque, before they came to anchor in Rio de Janeiro bay.

Unwelcomed and almost unnoticed, they slipped into this vast country, studied the Portuguese lan- guage and proceeded to the strategic city of Ba- hia, formerly the empire's political capital and still the nation's religious capital. The next two years were checkered with danger and persecu- tion, problems and suffering, all heroically borne.

Dr. Bagby bears a scar on his forehead today as a witness to one experience in Bahia. In a small rented hall while he was telling the Gospel story to a few souls who had dared to attend the service, a stone was thrown through the window and struck the young missionary on the fbrehead. He dropped to the floor and blood streamed down his face. Calmly his youthful life-partner minis- tered to him and silently witnessed for Christ in that tragic hour. Even the Catholics were im- pressed by the courageous way in which this brave young couple presented Christ as the living, con- quering Saviour to hungry-hearted people.

Other missionaries came and the first Baptist church was organized in Brazil. Then like Paul, always lengthening the cords, Dr. Bagby turned his face to a new field, the great capital city of Rio de Janiero. In August, 1934, the fiftieth an- DR. WILLIAM B. BAGBY-TODAY niversary of the organization of the First Baptist church in Rio was celebrated. With radiant joy these veteran missionaries reviewed the years during which the nine Baptists for all of South secularizing cemeteries, separation of Church and America had increased to more than 50,000. In State and proclaiming full religious liberty for all, the same period the two small churches had grown and the recognition of marriage vows-came to more than 500 with 1,500 preaching places, with the new day. Evangelical missionaries have with 718 Sunday schools, 226 Young People's had a large part in bringing these changes to pass. Unions, 400 Women's Missionary Societies, 60 Christ made it possible to bring about the revolu- Young Women's Auxiliaries, 200 children's soci- ' tion without war and bloodshed. "God has let eties, besides men's societies, two seminaries, two some of us old fellows help to build new nations," training schools, two junior colleges, four acad- said Dr. Bagby. Brazil is often called the coffee emies, 48 primary schools, a publishing house, a cup of the world but the percentage of increase Brazilian Foreign Mission Board, a Home Mission for Christ is greater than that from coffee trees Board and a National Convention.

[530 ]

Vitality in Missions*

By the REV. WILLIAM P. SCHELL, D.D., New York Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

I N THE life of the Church no cause has been we have basked in their reflected glory. Do not more inspiring, none more uplifting, none as misjudge them, nor slander them. Do not allow unselfish, none more heroic than the preaching yourselves to believe things about them that you of Jesus Christ to the world. It is a solemn thing know are not true. Why do they offer themselves to realize that when the foreign mission service as missionaries? Because of adventure, or for a of a Church prospers, the Church is blessed, and "lark" or to teach mathematics? By no means. that whenever a Church is false to its world mis- Nothing but a conviction that Jesus Christ is the sion or disloyal to its missionaries, the spiritual Son of God, nothing but an abiding faith that He life of the Church declines. We move forward died on the cross to save the world, nothing but into every worth-while service as we move for- an unshaken assurance that He rose from the dead ward with Him into His world. and is alive today can lead a man to leave his coun- try, his home and everything life holds dear here There have been discouragements in the year and to bury himself in the jungles of Africa, or that has just closed, and we would not hide them. in the great cities of the Orient. Love of Jesus Missionaries have lived and preached the Gospel Christ sent them out and consecrated devotion to in a world in upheaval; in the midst of an intense Him and His cross and His Gospel keep them out rising nationalism; in nations in some instances there. They do not ask for pity in their difficulincreasingly pagan and antireligious; in the face ties. But they do ask, and they have every right of growing skepticism, even in the home Church, to ask, and to expect, our understanding symas to the validity of Christianity; in the discour- pathy, our prayers, our gifts and our love. agements arising from the spiritual condition of the Church in the United States. . . . Proclaiming the Gospel There have been discouragements – but it has The past year has been a year of outstanding been a year of encouragement and victory. Those spiritual victory on the mission field. First of all, who are closest to the enterprise and who live in the preaching of the Gospel and in evangelistic with it every day thank God for this victorious results. In the face of paganism and of wide hosyear in the mission field. tility to Christ over 7,000 non-Christians were won to our Lord and were received into the Pres- Let us begin by holding up the spiritual morale byterian churches on confession of their faith of the missionaries.

In their living and in their dying, we behold the in Him. Thousands more were reached and en- best that the Church has to offer. They resent rolled in training conferences and brought under being placed on pedestals, they do not recognize the teaching of the Church. In some countries, themselves as heroic, but in all their work they for example, Mexico, this straight evangelism of- reveal to the home Church the possibilities of a fers us our greatest opportunity. Listen to these victorious life in Christ. One missionary in India words from the Mexico Mission: wrote: "We have had many problems, many diffi- Weare convinced that from now on we must depend culties, always a shortage of funds and an inade- upon personal seeking of souls for Christ, and upon per- quate staff, but in spite of this the work has gone sonal dealing with Christians to strengthen and build them on." This spirit of perseverance and hopefulness up more than upon institutions or special plans of work. is also revealed by them when they come home on Our institutions have a rather uncertain existence at presfurlough. ent, but the opportunity for personal evangelism and per- sonal comradeship is greater than ever. We need to search As one who is not a missionary but who knows for new ways of making contacts and then make these and loves them all, I hold up our missionaries as truly effective in reaching souls for the Saviour.

those who have gone out from our churches and Rev. Norman W. Taylor, while distributing lit- erature to soldiers on patrol, came one day to the • Condensed from an address delivered at the 147th General As- highest point along the road and tried to enter the sembly of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A .• Cincinnati, Ohio, outpost. The soldiers were hostile and one fanatic tried to force him to leave the enclosure. At that May 29, 1935. The full address may be had in leaflet form from the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York.

[531 ]

moment the Commanding Officer appeared. When the Bible. Rev. William N. Blair, of Korea, tells Mr. Taylor explained his errand, he called his men of the Korean colporteur who, laying down his together and recommended the literature, took life on the banks of the Yalu River a half century him to fifteen camps, and personally superin- ago, threw pages from the Bible into the air, extended the distribution of the Gospel portions and claiming as he did so: "Everywhere the leaves of tracts. In describing the results, Mr. Taylor this book touch the shore, a Christian community writes these thrilling words: will arise."

Since this work opened up six regiments of cavalry and In view of these origins, it is not surprising to three battalions of infantry have been reached. Of these, find church-wide study of the Word of God in two regiments and one battalion have been so thoroughly Korea and a Church whose activities are built evangelized that I believe practically every man has hail upon His word. What a blessing would come to the Gospel presented to him. I believe that I can safely the home Church if we could have Bible confersay, withou£ any fear of exaggeration, that between seven ences such as those in Korea, enrolling from 500 and eight hundred men have expressed the desire to follow to 1,000 women or an equal number of men, many Christ. Among the officers, one major, four captains, and of them trudging many weary miles to study the fifteen lieutenants accepted Christ, and greatly helped us Word! And hear this testimony from North by their interest in seeing that all the men had an oppor- China: "There have been during the year more tunity of hearing the message. requests than ever for Bible classes, more oppor- tunities for preaching, more avenues for personal This story, in one form or another, is paralleled wor~, more students in government schools wantin many countries on the mission field. Henry ing instruction in Christian truths. Along with Martyn in Persia thought he could die content if the inspiration of these open doors goes the dehe could see one Moslem brought to Christ. Hun- pression arising out of inability to supply enough dreds of Moslems have come to Christ during the workers to meet the demands." Over 140,000 past year, many of them undergoing great suffer- children in your mission fields were enrolled in ing because of the step they have taken. The Sunday schools, studying the Bible regularly, and great revival in Africa has continued. Enormous many thousands more were enrolled in Bible incongregations attend all the services. They come stitutes and conferences. in unprecedented numbers to the Lord's Supper. Before one can be received into the church he is The spiritual life of the national churches is required, ordinarily, to wait for two years of test- also manifest in a degree of sacrifice and prayer ing and training. the home Church would do well to emulate. The native Christians, during the year, gave in con- Recent Reports from the Fields tributions or paid in fees a total of $1,639,045. Only when you stop to think of their incomes can In India there has been an increasing develop- you have any appreciation of this sacrifice. In ment in the movement in behalf of the 50,000,000 addition to these gifts of money there have been outcastes who constitute fourteen per cent of the gifts of hundreds of days of labor. One reason population. They have been turning to Chris- why they give such large amounts is because they tianity and Islam until Hindus are concerned over are not over-concerned with budgets, quotas, althe power they may have in Government. locations or apportionments. Many of those churches have budgets, but they always look upon Two missionaries in Siam reported an interest- a budget as a steppingstone to something higher ing visit to a village in which were a number of -never as a goal in itself. The average Christian Lao slaves. Only a handful of these slaves had on the mission field does not compare the giving ever received baptism. The missionaries gathered of his church with its record of the previous year together these slaves and their children and talked nor with the records of other churches. He to them about Christ, distributing literature and simply asks: "Am I giving as much as I should teaching them the Bible. give and can give to the Lord in view of what He has given to me?" When that spirit takes pos- When it came to the last day, to the surprise of session of the home churches, we will no longer everyone seven men, ten women and twelve or report deficits, for our mission budgets will burst fourteen teen-age young people came forward and open with new spiritual vitality and power. expressed their desire to follow Jesus. And they are praying. A missionary in Japan The spiritual vitality of the Church on the mis- writes this description of the Week of Prayer sion field is also seen in the fact that it is grounded which should give us pause: "The Week of Prayer on the Word of God. Proportionately speaking, during the first week in January is widely obthere are more Bible-believing, Bible-loving and served by all branches of the Christian Church in Bible-living Christians on the mission field than Japan. The subjects of the meetings were those in the Church at home. The Bible occupies no such place in the life of the Church in America as it does with mission fields. Indeed, many churches in those lands were literally founded by

SPIRITUAL VITALITY IN MISSIONS

prepared by the Committee in London for use I also am a man. Just as I, a follower of the Great throughout the world, and the Christians felt a Physician, have been able by the skill of surgery thrill at the thought of their praying in unison to enable you to see with your eyes, so also as His with bodies of believers in all lands. I had a bit follower I am not willing to allow you to leave this of a guilty feeling, for I was not at all sure that hospital without appealing to you to accept Him the churches in America were observing the cus- who can make you see for the first time with your tom any more. The evening in which interna- soul." There in that room I saw a governor of a tional questions were part of the program was province rise from his knees and give his heart marked by some fine prayers, breathing a Chris- to Jesus Christ. Our work is conducted in the tian spirit of world-wide brotherhood and inter- conviction that all missionaries should be evannational peace. Remember that they are praying." gelists.

The spirituality of the missionaries and the na- This is glorious work in His name. What are tive Christians is witnessed in their recognition you going to do about it? Today all churches of the fact that there is no phase of life which is stand at the crossroads in their Foreign Mission not touched by Christ. Through our mission programs. On the one hand, we have a world torn schools and colleges, through the miracles of heal- to pieces, groping its way-yet ready for the mesing in hospitals and dispensaries, through count- sage of the Saviour of the world. On the other less movements for social and economic justice, hand, we have the Church hesitant, worldly, its through temperance organizations and antiopium mind on other things. In between, we see a rising programs, through agricultural rehabilitation, and generation of young people, offering their lives in through a definite program to put an end to war places most of us would never be willing to enter. and to promote good will among men, the mis- A few weeks ago there appeared a manifesto, sionary enterprise recognizes the power of the signed by fourteen students of Princeton Theo- Gospel and applies it to human life. logical Seminary, expressing their eagerness to preach the Gospel of Christ in foreign lands and Some years ago, while on a visit to China, I had appealing to the Church, to individuals or local the unusual privilege of seeing a man recover his congregations "to share with us the responsibility sight. He was the governor of a large province resting upon all the followers of Christ, to send who had made a journey of 600 miles to a mission us out as your representatives to proclaim the hospital as that was the nearest hospital he could message of salvation." find. On the day of our visit the surgeon removed the bandages from the governor's eyes, as he lay Lift up your eyes on the army of youth ready in the dark room in our inadequate hospital, and to go to the field. Then lift up your eyes to the he saw for the first time in many years, the blue fields waiting for them and, as you look, recall sky, the green grass and men walking. He arose these words of a great preacher of yesterday: from his cot, fell on his knees, and kissed the sur- "Our missionary problems will be solved when our geon's hand again and again in gratitude. Now, spiritual problems are solved, when we live daily the medical missionary might have said to him: in the sight of God. Our local church budgets are "Your Excellency, don't mention it. It has been bankrupt because there are so many of us whose a great privilege to restore your eyesight. Go spiritual lives are bankrupt. We count our houses, and enjoy your sight." That in itself would have cars, stocks and bonds. We count everything and been a Christian deed. But I have always hon- everybody-except God!" ored him for what he did. He said to the kneeling patient: "My friend, stand on your feet, for Let us count God and His Son Jesus Christ and go forward in His name.

BOLSHEVISM AND CHRISTIANITY Basil Mathews describes bolshevism as having the missionary spirit of a world religion "with a strong fighting faith, and a world program. It cannot be conquered by denunciation or derision. We who hold Communism to be based on the denial of the very root reality of the universe–that the Creator is Spirit and is Father-have a greater and truer faith, that conceives for all the world a full salvation of the whole individual, body, mind, and soul; and of the community which those individuals constitute. But Christianity can confront victoriously the greatest of all contemporary challenges-that of Bolshevism-if its followers, with unity of purpose and sacrificial heroism, live by that faith to build a world community from which the clash of classes, the war of nations, and the antagonism of races are banished under the sovereignty of God who made us all."

Galvao, a Brazilian

N EARLY fifty years ago Egydio Galvao was grew, the women coming from the best classes of converted and accepted the Lord Jesus as society-difficult work demanding a charming his Saviour. He lived in the country some personality. Dulce made, and is making, Jesus so days' travel by horseback from the City of Bahia. beautiful to those women who only knew to serve Immediately after his conversion, friends became images.

his enemies, and the Roman Catholic clergy was One day there came into the classes a young highly indignant. But Senhor Egydio bravely man representing. a well-known company. He went his way preaching the Gospel. He was asked to speak of his products. Thereafter he was seen on my front porch, late every afternoon.

Finally he said to me, "You know, Mrs. White, I am not coming down here every afternoon to rep- resent my company." To which I replied, "I know that, I wasn't born yesterday." He told me that he loved and wanted to marry Dulce. She bought a Bible, marked it and presented it to the young man. I heard her tell him of Jesus and His power. He came to church several times and then he said, "Its no use, Dulce, I can't be a hypocrite.

I can't believe; I'd give anything if I could have your faith, but I can't. However, after we are married, I'll never interefere with your religion."

Time went on, and they planned a happy future.

One day a cloud came over Dulce's face, and the next day she came to me and said, "I cannot do it!" "Can't do what?" I asked and she replied, "Oh, I can't marry that man." Looking up she saw the young man approaching, and she grabbed my hand, exclaiming, "And you've got to tell him."

"But," I protested, "he didn't ask me to marry him." I went with her. He smilingly presented her with a beautiful watch. Looking him in the face she said, "Please put that into your pocket and listen to me. I have done wrong, for I never should have fallen in love with you. I cannot marry you." The young man's face blanched, and DULCE GALVAO, OF BRAZIL he recoiled as if struck. "Why, why Dulce," he begged. With a white face, and a voice filled with beaten and stoned-almost unto death, but he and deep emotion she said, "Because you are not a his cheery wife, Maria, kept on their way with Christian. I know you have said that you would the Lord. Their children were given a Christian not interfere with my religion. But listen-my home at a great cost. One of the daughters, grandfather risked his life for the Gospel. He named Maria, married a Christian and established and grandmother, at a great price, gave my a Christian home into which was born a girl, mother a Christian home. My mother and father Dulce Almeida Galvao. Dulce was taught to love gave me a Christian home. Here I am, a third Jesus and to know the Bible stories, and at the generation Christian, a product of two Christian age of 13, publicly confessed Christ. She finished homes. I know what the Bible teaches. How her education at the Collegio Americano Baptista could I let my- Jesus down that way? I could· in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, and asked the Lord not have a Christian home with you. No, I must to show her a place to work. About that time be true to Jesus." She has recovered from the Mrs. Kate C. White had opened up classes in Do- shock of disappointment and now says, "I shall mestic Science in the City of Bahia, the capital of never marry unless it be to a Christian man."

Dulce's native state. Dulce was invited to teach Her life is counting in a beautiful way for the cooking and live with the Whites. The classes Gospel, among the better classes in Bahia, Brazil.

[534 ]

March of Events in

-eil.!oll==B_Y=KE=N_N_E_T_H=G_._G_R_U_B_B_,_L_O_O_d_oo_,_E_o_g_1a_o_d=~ll~ T HERE are factors in the situation in Mexico convergent process,es at work, even if at any given today which would make it inadvisable to dis- moment they are not clearly distinguishable from cuss certain of the present features and tend- one another.

encies at length. It is useless, however, to deny The chronological sequence of the more importhat during the last eighteen months the general tant of these events was somewhat as follows. On position has gravely deteriorated. More recently December 5, 1933, the reform of Article 3 was (and at the time of writing, July, 1935) there officially brought forward in the convention of the have been signs of some moderation in the anti- National Revolutionary Party held at Queretaro. religious process. As is well known, this reform substitutes "social- ist education" for "lay" education. "Socialist edu- The events of the last two years in Mexico may cation," although it has never been officially deroughly be classified as follows: (1) The Educational Reform, culminating in the re- fined in clearly intelligible terms, is meant to imply form of Article 3, approved by the Senate on October 19, in effect irreligious education. It is unnecessary 1934, and followed in 1935 by new regulating decrees. to say more on this very important step, as the point has more than once been referred to in these (2) The University Conflict, initiated by the protest of pages. the National Autonomous University against the reform of Article 3, on July 30, 1934, and followed by the closing of the Universities of Guadalajara and Monterrey. In January, 1934, the Six-Year Plan was pub- (3) Extreme measures in several states, initiated by lished. This is an attempt to draw out a coor- dinated scheme of government, forwarding tbe General Calles' public commendation of Tabasco on M,arch social objective of the regime through intelligently 29, 1934, followed on May 20th by suspension of religious ministry in Sonora and in October by similar measures in other states. (Last July, President Cardenas decreed directed administrative action; incidentally it enthe downfall of Garrido's power in Tobasco.) dorses "socialist education." A month later the Attorney-general issued a long circular dealing (4) The new open conflict with the Roman Catholic with the subject of nationalization of religious Church precipitated on October 22d by the alleged dis- property. Both the question of a nationalist polcovery of conspiracy on the part of the Apostolic Delegate.

(5) A moderate stage, initiated by explanation on Feb- ruary 16, 1935, that the postal decree was only aimed at icy, as well as that of education, were carried a politico-religious propaganda, and followed up by moder- stage further in March when on the fifteenth a ating statements of the President on April 14th and 15th. recommendation was made that the liberal profes- This stage was further marked by the revocation of the sions be reserved to Mexican citizens; while decree against the circulation of religious literature on June 25th. studies made in unincorporated private schools (6) In June the Cabinet was reorganized. Its two most were declared to be void of public validity.

radical members, Garrido and Calles, were left out, and On March 6th a new tendency became apparent General Cedillo, considered a centrist, was admitted. with the declaration by the actual President, Car- (7) On August 31st, a new decree on nationalization of church property was issued. It is more radical than the denas, commending Tabasco as the model state of one formerly in existence. the Republic. Later in the same month General Calles returned from that state and bestowed (8) As the result of a new radical drive to gain con- lavish praise on its achievements. The next state trol of the National University, the University's authorities decided to close and await for President Cardenas'

decision either granting or refusing further support. The to suspend all religious ministry was Sonora radical wing appointed a new Rector (President) on (May 20th) of which Rodolfo Elias Calles was Governor. A commission of school teachers from September 24th. The situation is uncertain.* These periods are not, in reality, so clearly de- Sonora had previously visited Tabasco. The infined as this classification would tend to show. cident is interesting as it exemplifies the appear- The actual events have overlapped and been inter- ance of the same spirit in geographically remote twined with each other. But in a situation as parts of the Republic.

complicated as the Mexican it is always an as- The educational question came again into the sistance to form some slight idea of the different foreground in July. General Calles made an im- portant speech in Guadalajara when he declared Ba*ezThCeamitaermgos, 6o,f 7Meaxnidco 8Ciatyre.-EkDinITdlOyR.furnished by Prof. Gonzalo that it was the right of the Revolution to educate [ 535] .

its own children.* Three days later, on July 23d, It is necessary to note that quite apart from the project for the reform 6f Article 3 was pre- these official actions of one kind or another, there sented to the Chamber. A week later the Na- has been a certain amount of general antireligious tional Autonomous University protested against activity carried on. To say that this by no means the tendentious nature of this reform. The Uni- has the President's approval, although it carries versity School of Monterrey was closed on Sep- the endorsement of one or two leading men, would tember 28th, and the University of Jalisco on Oc- probably be a correct interpretation of influential tober 22d, but by October 19th the reform had Mexican opinion on this question. In assessing been approved by both deputies and Senate. the significance of such propaganda there are cer- Meanwhile, on September 26th, another extremely tain facts to be taken into consideration. Firstly, important reform was passed, which limits the the enthusiasm behind any movement is always conditions of permanency in the tenure of the greatest at its beginning. Secondly, extreme higher judicial posts. measures advocated by minorities tend to attract On October 22d all the Roman Catholic churches attention and create their own advertisement.

in Queretaro were closed; there are practically Thirdly, the temporary significance of a move- no Evangelical 'churches in the state. Two days ment is often proportional not to its real value, later the religious ministry was suspended in but to the contrast it involves with accepted ideals.

Chihuahua and all Roman Catholic churches closed Ten thousand couples live quietly day by day in in Colima; there is also only a very small evan- any community, but a single case of divorce is gelical work in this state. After a further interval heralded on all the headlines. Nevertheless it of two days all churches were closed in Sinaloa. would be a grave error to underestimate the force The quarrel with the Roman Catholic Church and appeal of antireligious propaganda in the was simultaneously carried into a wider field. On world today.

October 26th the Bishop of Chilapa and the priests Anti-Christian Propaganda in Guerrero were ordered to leave, and the next day it was announced that an alleged conspiracy These considerations justify brief comment.

of the Apostolic Delegate had been discovered. Christians, in all parts of the world and in all Before the month was out this matter had been situations of life, must face the fact that propa- officially handed over by the President to the At- gative enthusiasm has passed from Christian pos- torney-general for investigation, and the Arch- session to that of their opponents. The maturity bishop of Oaxaca had been ordered to leave the of Christianity is being accompanied by a kind of country. Early in November the Attorney-gen- fatty degeneration of the conscience. The cru- eral found that cause existed for proceeding sading and even the prophetic spirit has today against the Bishop of Huejutla, the Archbishop of become incarnate anew, not in the ranks of the Morelia and the Apostolic Delegate, who were not, Christian Church, but in the camps of those to however, in the country. whom religion is a soporific and the Church but General Cardenas assumed the office of Presi- one of many institutions which have burdened dent on December 1st. Early in January decrees humanity with temples and priests. Even in a were issued regulating the subject of education in country like Mexico Evangelical activity is, with private and secondary schools. On January 28th certain exceptions, threatened with the pervasion the President made a public statement denying of a kind of nervous tension which renders a for- the existence of religious persecution. On Feb- ward movement exceedingly difficult. The anti- ruary 12th the use of the post was forbidden for religious spirit, although propagative, is in itself correspondence which "may imply propagation or destructive; it is quite false to suppose that it is diffusion of any religious doctrine." Four days responsible for social construction. It is well later, however, the Secretary of the Interior de- expressed in the words of Mephistopheles: clared that this prohibition concerned religious I am the Spirit publications that contained public comment or That evermore deny-and in denying defamatory attack of the Government or its insti- Evermore am I right-"No!" say I, "No!" tutions. On April 14th the President took occa- To all projected or produced-whate'er sion to state that the regime was in no sense Com- Comes into being merits nothing but munist, and the next day he denied that there was Perdition-better then that nothing were Brought into being; what you men call sin- any intention to attack the "religious conscience" Destruction-in short, evil-is my province, of the people; the Government was seeking only My proper element.

to exterminate "fanaticism." Since this date the A few of the broader aspects of the situation general situation has been somewhat easier. also require study. The Mexican religious ques- tion is a part of a much larger field of thought • I have given the substance of these statements elsewhere. See which must include the relations of Church and World Dominion, July, 1935.

THE MARCH OF EVENTS IN MEXICO

State, the threatened collapse of the world-reli- thought. How do these new circumstances affect gions, and the problem of human liberty in many the relations between Catholics and Evangelicals?

parts of the world. How far shall we meet them by emphasizing our The breakdown of Pan-Islam, the fall of the specific approach, and how far by identifying our Caliphate, and the disestablishment of religion in own problems with that of Christianity in Latin Turkey meant that secularism had successfully in- America, or the world, as a whole? What new vaded one of the world's great religions precisely light do we draw from these events on the work- in the regions where it was considered strongest. ing of evil and the powers of the Satanic? Has With the failure of the Russian Orthodox Church the day of "missions" in some parts of the world the weakness of one of the historic Christian almost ceased, and ought we to envisage the fu- churches also became apparent; a population of ture more in the nature of a world interchange of a hundred million had to be written off the reli- spiritual culture? Is there any reason to suppose gious capital of the race, precisely in a country that, in the face of antireligious fanaticism, the where mystical, and even religious sentiment to Christianity of today has a greater survival value all appearances had made a strong appeal. Chris- than Nestorianism or the North African Church?

tianity was no longer immune against the inroads Are our churches at home, in the countries where of secularism. The secularism of many countries they cannot maintain the personal link through dominated by the Roman Catholic Church has long missionaries and institutions, ready to make the been confessed, but that church had avoided an same spiritual investments as heretofore? Or is "official" collapse in any of its territories. But in our brand of exportable Christianity the type that Mexico it seems that such a collapse is taking can be stopped by frontiers and laws? How are place. Of the historic Christian churches, it re- we to meet the challenge that we have lost the mains to be seen whether Protestantism in Ger- emotional control of masses of mankind? How many will be able to withstand the storm. far is the institutional expression of Christianity an adequate one in Mexico, and how far may the A Test of Mission Work work have to pass through a process of "fraction- It is a situation which will also test the whole alization"? Have we, in our work of diffusion character of the work which has been built up and creation, anticipated or adapted ourselves to through the devoted labors of mission boards, developments of the Mexican's own capacity for their representatives and supporters. The Church expression – in fact, do we pursue a really inin China has had to face these experiences and digenous policy? These are a few, only a few, of the many questions which a situation such as the their effect was temporarily depressing, but pos- Mexican suggests. sibly ultimately beneficial. In Russia the evangelical community is different in origin and or- The present difficulties have not befallen us beganization, and little information is available as cause we are modernists, or fundamentalists, or to its real status today. In Turkey the Christian attend church rather than chapel, or retreat minorities were "liquidated" after the War by rather than camp meeting; but because we are political action, and the problem hardly exists. selfish men; because we have loved ease more But in Mexico the Evangelical Church forms the than sacrifice; because we have preferred ourmost important of the country's minorities. It , selves to our Church, our Church to our Chrisstands in close spiritual relation to the churches tianity; our Christianity to our Lord Himself; of the United States, and its future will be fol- because we have lowered the level of our aim that lowed with prayer and interest, and we should we may the more easily enjoy the complacency of further remember that it is Mexican example our success. These are the things that make us which is liable to be copied in the rest of Latin unfit to minister to the world's need, and from these we need to pray to be cleansed. America.

We should not suppose that the Mexican situa- tion is impervious to influence. If it deteriorates further it may well be because of our own inertia Four needs of the modern world are: (1) A reas Christians, and this should be remediable. But creation of individual Christian life, with an enorwe must identify ourselves with the universal mous increase of conversions in the church and the agony of Christianity, and not attempt to evade sense of the presence and power of God, with self crucified; (2) a new fellowship of Christians, noth- responsibility by special pleading, however valid. ing less than the fellowship of the Holy Spirit; (3) We must once more find the solvent for the world's a recreation of the sense of mission to reconstruct spiritual contempt in the agelong vicariousness of the whole of life, standing for a new life in Christ, suffering. By so doing we shall take the more with no compromise; (4) a better realization that effective, because much the more difficult, course. Christ is in life today and moving IUs Church.- Bishop Logan H. Roots.

There are a few questions which require

We Interest Men in Missions?

-411 By the REV. GEORGE A. BROWN Pastor of the First United Presbyterian Church, Elyria, Ohio THE whole problem of interesting men in mis- women and the children of the Church. More sions is, in its final analysis, a matter of than this, it is primarily the work of Christian interesting men thoroughly, heartily, and en- men to make Jesus Christ known to the world for thusiastically in Jesus Christ Himself. The en- when our Lord began this great enterprise He entire missionary enterprise of His Church centers trusted the task to men. The historian Harnack in Him, its living, glorified, has remarked of the first three ever-present Head and Lord. Here are some interesting centuries of the Christian era, As Bishop T. U. Dudley says, facts about a most important that "we cannot hesitate to be- "The man who does not believe problem in the c h u r c h. lieve that the great mission of in carrying the Gospel of Jesus HS 0 m e bod y said that it Christianity was in reality ac- Christ unto all men every- caoheualddna'tndbediddoint.e" sTo hhee Mweenn'st complished by means of in- Missionary League of the where does not believe in Jesus Elyria Church has been given formal missionaries"; that is, Christ. No interest in missions widespread and favorable no- by what we now call laymen. means no interest for that par- tice. The Board of Administicular thing for which Jesus tration of the United Presby- Why is it then that today the was content to be born and to terian Church has told of the work of Christian missions is live and to die. . . . Yes, no work in a leaflet entitled, HAn largely in the hands of the interest in missions means no Adventure in Masculine Mis- women of the Church, espeinterest in the Lord Himself." sions,tt sent to all pastors in cially in the local congrega- Athnedecrhsuornchsa. ys:AHs ItDhra.s Wce.aseBd. tions? They are doing a mag- The men we have in mind in to be an experiment, and has nificent piece of work and may this discussion are Christian become an accomplishment!' God bless them in it. But as a men, men who know Jesus Several missionary periodicals result many look upon the en- Christ experimentally as their tire missionary movement as a personal Saviour and Lord. women's undertaking, and not Only such men can be expected as something to challenge the to concern themselves about have called attention to the serious and active devotion of Christ's mIssIOnary passion, work, and as a result inquir- strong Christian men. At the and purpose, and program. ies have come from twelve Younger Men's Missionary This question of how to in- states, east to west, and are Congress in Chicago last May, terest men in missions takes at still coming,. The story of a delegate reported at one of least two things for granted: the League has been told with the group conferences, that a first, that Christian men ought encouraging results at Cleve- man, when asked to give to lealsnedw, heCrehiacnadgob,asAbekernonbroaanddto be interested in missions, casted over the radio. AI- missions, replied: "I contribute and second that men can be in- to the pastor's salary and to terested in missions. The only ready similar men's organiza- provide heat and light for the question, therefore, that calls tions are being formed in church; you'll have to see my for an answer is just how this other churches. wife about missions." interest may be generated, de- "Why are the men of the veloped, directed and made Church not as interested in productive of definite, practical results. Consider missions as are the women?" This very question first the imperativeness and possibility of this the Christian Illen of India 'Iare asking. Dr.

matter. That men ought to be interested in mis- Stephen J. Corey, President of the United Chris- sions grows out of the fact that the great mission tian Missionary Society, tells of conducting an of the Church is missions. Since men constitute, open forum in India with some Indian Christian in part, the membership of the Church of the Lord leaders, mostly men, who asked, "Are your women Jesus Christ, missions is most certainly "a man's and children interested in sending the Gospel to job," just as much as it is the business of the India?" When he replied that probably two- [538 ] thirds of the money for foreign work in his com- of prayer. The book of "The Acts" makes this munion came from the women and the Sunday plain as does the history of Christian missions schools, their astonishment was unbounded, and since the first century of the Church's life. There one of them said, "Why, sahib, we in India have was also a very definite purpose; after three un- always felt that Christianity was a man's religion. successful attempts had been made to get the men . . . Why are the Christian men of America'less together and to hold them together, to organize interested in bringing Christ to us than are the them around the missionary objective. Finally women and children?" In answer, Dr. Corey tol.d there was the pursuit of this end in the spirit of them that the women in America were definitely patient persistence which the Lord has so wonder- organized for the study of missions and therefore fully blessed. His hand has been so manifestly knew more about missions and were naturally present and powerful that we ascribe to Him the more interested and were doing more for mis- glory and praise of it all.

sions than the men who were not so organized. Men and Missions Sunday Why Are the Men Not Organized? Lord's Day morning, November 19,1933, marks This suggests the further question: Why are the formal beginning of this movement in Elyria.

the men of our local churches not organized and That was "Men and Missions Sunday" and the doing the same kind of missionary work as the pastor preached especially to his men on the sub- women? Here is the reason: In addition to the ject, "Missions – A Man's Job," based on Acts fact already stated, that this whole undertaking 1: 8. In closing he appealed to them to organize to make Christ known to the world is regarded as a real Men's Missionary Society, calling a meeting being largely a strictly feminine affair, there is for this purpose the next evening. Fifteen men the general and deeply rooted conviction that the met with the pastor in response to the challenge work of organizing the men of our local churches of the previous day. From that night meetings for definite, systematic mission study and specific were held twice a month, for a period of six missionary service, simply cannot be done. Even months, under the pastor's leadership, until the the leaders of the missionary movements of the organization was completed, May 21, 1934, by the men of our Evangelical churches are decidedly adoption of a constitution, the election and instal- skeptical as to the possibility of this thing. When lation of officers, and the appointment of commit- we were thinking of organizing a Men's Mission- tees. Ever since that time meetings have been ary Society in our Elyria Church, a letter was held on the third Monday evening of the month – written to the Secretary of the Laymen's Mis- a time found to be the most suitable time for our sionary Movement asking him for any help that men. The membership at present is 40, being he could give us in launching this new enterprise. about 60% of the men on the church membership Mr. F. J. Michel replied, "We do not recommend roll. The average attendance from the beginning the organization of men's missionary societies, has been 27, for the last year 31, and for the last since they cannot be maintained continuously, as five months 36, including several neighboring pas- is the case with the women." (Mr. Michel, him- tors and some of their men.

self, thinks otherwise now.) Beside the usual officers for such an organiza- The second point in our theme is that men can tion, there are membership, program, project, be interested in missions because they ought to boys' work, welfare, and social committees.

be. The divinely imposed command insures the Monthly missionary meetings include worship, possibility. The very imperativeness of this task business, an educational program and a social assigned to the men of the Church of our Lord is period. During the year there were five meet- the" prophecy of its accomplishment. Christian ings with special speakers, four were conducted men can be brought together and they can be held by members, and three were in charge of the together in a missionary organization with con- pastor. Regular mission study courses have been tinuous monthly programs of spiritual worship followed and our present missionary proj ect is and missionary education and service, with the the support of a native evangelist in the Sangla finest Christian fellowship and increasing devo- Hill District of our mission in the Panjab, India.

.tion to their Lord. It has been done, and thus This evangelist's inspiring name is Gulam Masih, the possibility is fully demonstrated by the Men's which means "Slave of Christ." Later we hope Missionary League of the First United Presby- to have some definite work in a home mission field terian Church of Elyria, Ohio. Weare now ready for we believe that "the field is the world," so to answer the question "How?". that interest in missions anywhere means interest It is not necessary to say that this work is the in missions everywhere.

fruitage of prayer, of much prayer, for every for- One of the most encouraging things in the short ward movement in missions has been the result history of our Men's Mission'ary League is the

marked influence it has had on the life and work that we covet above all things. But the responsiof the Women's Missionary Society. At the end bility for human leadership most undoubtedly of the first year of the League the president and rests on the local pastor more than upon any other treasurer of the Women's Society were asked this living person. This is what our missionary statespointed question: "Has the Men's Missionary men think. Dr. John R. Mott, writing of the work League been a help or a hindrance to the work of of promoting missionary education and activity the Women's Missionary Society?" Their replies throughout the Church, by means of local Men':=; revealed the marked increase in membership, at- Missionary Societies, says: "There are reasons tendance, interest, offerings, cooperation between why the subject of the world's evangelization the men and the women, willingness to help in the should appeal with special force to men, and to work, and the growth of the missionary spirit the strongest men. . . . This greatest work of the generally in the Women's Missionary Society. world languishes in no small measure because of During the first year of the Men's Missionary the lack of their initiative and aggressive support. League the Women's Society gained 500/0 in active It rests with the pastors to call more largely into membership, 3470 in general offerings, while the action this vast latent power."

thank-offering for 1934 was 43 % above that of Dr. Mills J. Taylor, Associate Secretary of the United Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, 1933. The total missionary budget offerings of who has contributed so largely to the success of the entire congregation for the church year end- our Men's Missionary League, says, that "Proging March 31, 1935, were 137 % over those of the ress in these matters depends more upon the enprevious year. The Elyria W. M. S. was given thusiasm, and devotion and loving persistence of the highest efficiency rating of all the thirty so- a prayerful pastor than upon any other person." cieties of the Cleveland Presbytery, for the work of the last year. The president of our local so- The great need of this new movement for "Men ciety generously attributed their high standing to and Missions," therefore, is warm-hearted, wholethe influence of the Men's Missionary League. hearted pastoral leadership. Such leadership a goodly proportion of the men of our churches will Encouraging Possibilities follow. The result will be the realization of such triumphs of God's grace and power in the realm This record shows something of the possibili- of missions as will compel us to magnify and bless ties of a real Men's Missionary League, carried His glorious name for what He has done through on continuously, twelve months in the year, in an us. When Deborah and Barak were given the average congregation, and with growing power victory over Jabin, king of Canaan, the captain and popularity. Clearly this form of activity, that of whose host was Sisera, we read (Judges 5: 2, some said could not be done, can be done, for it American Standard Revision): "For that the has been done. We know of other groups of men leaders took the lead in Israel, for that the people who have joined this new movement. In Novem- offered themselves willingly. Bless ye Jehovah." ber, 1934, a similar organization was formed at Let the pastors, the divinely appointed leaders of Ezel, Kentucky, and in May, 1935, a Men's Mis- God's people today, actually lead in this men's sionary League was formed in the Margaret Park missionary movement and their men will willingly Church of Akron, Ohio. We hope and pray for offer themselves, and will bless "the God that the largest realization of the possibilities of this doeth wonders." It may not be amiss to remind work in local congregations throughout the entire ourselves that in this same chapter (5: 23) we Church. The eyes of missionary leaders in other read, "Curse ye Meroz, said the angel of Jehovah, communions are upon us and they are anxiously curse ye bitterly the inhabitants thereof, because waiting to see whether we really make good so they came not to the help of Jehovah, to the h~lp that they may know whether to adopt the plan. of Jehovah against the mighty." Mr. Fred J. Michel, of the Laymen's Missionary Movement, says: "I am so glad that the United Here, then, is our challenge. What are we go- Presbyterian Church has taken the matter up. In ing to do about it? If the men of our churches the measure in which it will succeed, we may hope ought to be aroused to a greater interest in Chrisfor the adoption of the plan by other denomina- tian missions, and if their organization into their tions." own missionary societies is not only possible but practicable, and if the responsibility rests upon If this work is to succeed, who is primarily re- us, the pastors, how can we be true to ourselves, sponsible for it? On the divine side it is the work true to our men, true to the unevangelized multiof the Spirit of God and we need to give to Him, tudes of the world, and above all true to our Lord the great Executive of the Godhead in this age of Himself, unless we do all in our power to realize grace, His rightful place in this whole undertak- this definite, spiritual, missionary objective? And ing. It is His presence, and power, and presi- "We can do it, if we will"; or better, "He can do dency in this promising missionary movement

THE GERMAN NEO-PAGAN FAITH MOVEMENT

it, if we will." Shall we not, then, in the face of and Saviour Jesus Christ. In the words of our the world's need of Christ, and with His command Men's Missionary League Rallying Song: ringing in our ears to "go, and preach the Gospel to every creature," and as the natural expression Came now, ye Christian men, of our own life in Him, with our whole heart, an- Obey your Lord's command; swer this call and challenge by saying, "By thy grace we will." Pray Him to send forth laborers In this and every land. What better time is there to begin this work than on the coming "Men and Missions Sunday," Present your gifts to Him, November 17, 1935? Let each pastor preach that Your silver and your gold; day to men, more earnestly than ever before, to show that "Missions Is a Man's Job." Then call But first of all, yourself He asks, a meeting for the organization of a Men's Mis- That He your life may mold. sionary League; pray, plan, proceed as the Holy Spirit may lead. God will touch men's hearts and Go forth, Ye Christian Men, the fruitage will be great. May God give you such Proclaim His name abroad; an experience, for the sake of His Son, our Lord That sinners far and near, may come To know the Son of God.

He gave His life for you, His precious blood He shed; Serve Him who saves you by His grace, The Church's Living Head.

The German Neo–Pagan Faith Movement By REV. W. O. LEWIS, D.D. I~­ European Representative of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society I T HE main facts about the religious controversy Hauer was born in 1881. As a young man he in Germany are well known and many have worked as a stonemason and so came into close heard about the movement in the Evangelical . contact with many irreligious people, but he also Church which calls itself "German Christian." knew certain pious folk who had considerable in- The press has also reported the speeches of Gen- fluence on him. He decided to become a mission- eral Ludendorff in which he prides himself on ary and entered the training school of the Basel the fact that he is in no sense a Christian. Most Missionary Society. Being exceedingly gifted, he of those who direct the affairs of the "Third soon mastered all his teachers had to offer him Reich" have broken more or less with Christian- and went to India as a teacher in a high school.

ity. But relatively little is known of what is prob- He has since stated that when the Missionary So- ably the most serious of the Neo-Pagan organiza- ciety offered to send him to India, he told the tions, The German Faith Movement (Deutsche directors he was not sure that he was a Christian Glaubensbewegung). and some of the older missionaries objected to There were pagan organizations in Germany at sending him out.

the end of the last century and many new ones When he reached India, he began to study In- have sprung up since the War. After Hitler came dian religion and took up the study of Sanscrit.

to power, they were afraid they would not be Later he went to Oxford and when the War broke tolerated, but in October, 1933, they were as- out he was interned by the British Government.

sured that the new Government would not under- His experience during the next four years had a take to suppress them. At Easter, 1934, repre- profound influence on his development. By the sentatives of various pagan organizations united time the Hitler regime was established, he had under the name of German Faith Movement. renounced Christianity openly. His book, Deu- They met at Schwarzfeld in a natural cave known tsche Gottschau (German View of God) may be as the "stone church" which is said to have been taken as the most complete and authoritative ex- used as a place of pagan worship before Chris- position of the Neo-Pagan German Faith Move- tianity was introduced into Germany. Professor ment.

William Hauer, a professor in the University of This movement is already well organized all Tiibingen, was elected head of the organization. over Germany. An effort is made to keep the

membership limited to those who are sure they that Christianity furnishes a sufficient basis for know what they believe or do not believe and morality. According to German press reports, why. It is claimed that there are 20,000 mem- recently in large meetings, Hauer and other rep- bers in these smaller fighting organizations, but resentatives of the movement have openly as- Hauer himself thinks he has evidence that there serted that Christianity has not only lamentably are at least 5,000,000 in Germany today who may failed to furnish the ethical foundations which are be classed as adherents, and the number is said needed today, but has actually brought great to be growing. The movement has its weekly and harm to Europe, having prepared the way for Bol- monthly periodicals, and is already giving a sort shevism. They claim that prostitution and bawdy of training to those who are active in the propaga- houses did not exist in Germany before Chris- tion of paganism. They have adopted a ceremony tianity came. German Faith ethics can be best for the dedication of children to take the place of learned by studying the biography of Frederick infant baptism and also have pagan wedding cere- the Great and other great German heroes. The monies. Besides lectures and various public military virtues are exalted. There is a limit to rallies, they have pagan ceremonies around trees the sacrifices the strong must make for the weak.

on high places. Most of the leaders are educated In some cases they say that it would be better to and are men of clean, moral lives. The movement allow the weak to perish, and in many cases men makes a strong appeal to certain young men who and women should be sterilized so that they can- made the Hitler revolution. Hauer and his friends not reproduce their kind. The individual counts claim that the religion they preach is the true for very little, the State is everything. The Ger- spiritual and philosophical basis of the Nazi revo- man Faith approves of war and the joy of battle lution. This movement is now not only tolerated for the nation's honor. Along with courage there by the Nazis, but is even allowed privileges which goes a certain fatalism. The German Faith man the churches cannot get. They are permitted to does not desire the rewards that Jesus said the use the large Sportpalast in Berlin for their meet- heavenly Father would give to the righteous.

ings which neither the Protestants nor the Ro- The German Faith rejects the idea of human man Catholics can use at present. sin. While admitting that not even the greatest These Neo-Pagans have so far refused to put German heroes attained their highest ideals, there in print anything like the creeds of the Chris- is little place for any real doctrine of sin, of re- tians. But from Hauer's writings and other pub- pentance, or forgiveness. They acknowledge the lications, it is possible to gain some idea of what need of no mediator to bear our sins. Each must they believe. bear his own penalty. Men conquer sin in their Great emphasis is placed on race. It is claimed . own strength since the essence of every man's that there is an inner, spiritual side which cor- soul is divine.

responds to the outer distinctions of the various German Faith people profess to honor Jesus, races. There has been an age-long struggle be- but they state boldly that they do not take Him tween the civilization which Hauer calls West as model and leader. They simply do not see the Asfatic-Semitic and the Nordic Indo-Aryan which need of the Christian religion. Some may think has found its finest flower in the Nazi state. No they need Christianity just as some think they effort is made to revive the paganism of the past cannot do their work without tobacco. But they in its ancient form, but it is claimed that Chris- could do their work better without this artificial tianity is alien to the German race and blood and stimulation. The German Faith does not claim the period of over a thousand years in German to be universal and valid for all mankind, but does history between Charles the Great and Hitler is claim to offer something better to Germans.

an interlude. The ancient paganism must be mod- Hauer asks, "Have those who believe in Christ ernized and brought up-to-date. Eckehart and more power to overcome the difficulties of life?

Nietzsche are often quoted with approval. Have they more courage to face danger, to risk The conception of God seems to be a sort of position, income, life; yea to look death in the mystical naturalistic pantheism. He is the hidden face? Have they more joy than the men of the background of all things who reveals himself in German Faith 'z Is their life more real, more nature and in men. His highest manifestation is genuine, cleaner? Are they willing to serve their in the fighter and in the German culture. The nation with _more self-sacrifice? Do Christians German faith god is hardly a personal god. The have more peace in fellowship with each other?

world which is the manifestation of God is not to Let the Christian prove his faith by his works."

be despised. It is infinite and eternal. Man's Whether they will or not the Christian people spirit is a spark from the eternal. But there is of Germany must accept this challenge. Those no separate conscious immortality. who know Christ have no doubt as to the out- When it comes to the ethical side, it is denied come. There can be no neutrals in this struggle.

Ways of

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home ~,~================E=D=IT=ED===BY==M==RS=.=E==ST=E=LL==A=S=.==A=IT=C=H=I=SO=N='=G==RA=N=V=I=LL=E='=O==H=IO================~.~~ NEW PLANS FOR PRO- ning lamp; Look and Read-an tian Ideal for America," with open book with a pair of spec- the Spirit of Home Missions, an GRAM BUILDERS tacles on it; Look at Your Indian, a mountaineer, a Span- THE LOOK OF THE MONTH CLUB Church-rays from above fo- iard, a Negro, an Alaskan, a cused upon a church building; Puerto Rican, etc., in vivid pan- Under this title the Forward and Look at Yourself-in the Looking Committee of the Meth- orama, and a ribbon visualiza- odist Episcopal Woman's Home looking glass, of course! tion of ties brought from Europe Mission Society has brought out This last volume is really the to various sections of the New a year's programs of a unique first, being intended for use in World by explorers and pioneers. character, the calendar being co- August, as a personal preface The leader next dials on a radio ordinated with a tiny "library" of 12 pamphlets enclosed in a wherein all officers and chairmen as if in search of station WHMS shall take an early look at them- from which The March of Time neat case, each pamphlet cover- selves in relation to the impend- is broadcast, short musical intering the material for a month's ing task, with the plans, goals, ludes being used between the program. The "club" is launched courses of study, organizational brief talks of people hidden be- "with the high hope that in the specifics, etc., thoroughly out- hind a screen and speaking as abstract study of the develop- lined and explained. Each de- if from a number of fields on ment and progress of home mis- partment of missionary endeav- which the society is working. sions, the understanding and de- or has the mirror held up for its The closing announcement is, votion of our sisterhood may be accurate reflection. As it is im- "The WHMS Marches on!" The deepened and broadened." The possible to follow the details of organization of the society is specific theme is, of course, "Pi- all the months, a general survey next illustrated in a large Temoneering Today in Home Mis- of the September booklet is here- ple Chart placed on an easel and sions," each month's "look" be- with given as a sample of the explained by the leader-founing at some phase of the task. development, the worthful sub- dation of Jesus Christ, organiza- Thus the first month is a "Look ject matter and its practical ap- tions, conferences and boards as Forward" at the magnitude of plication. As with all its succes- the steps, missionary education, the work. The cover design sors, the devotional service is Christian citizenship, departbears a clear cut telescope. The fully outlined even to the text mental bureaus, etc., as the pilensuing months are: "Look and for the leader's talk. Then fol- lars of a Greek temple. The Act," with a spotlight turned on low "The Look of the Month"- central pillar is finance. This Race Hatred, Intemperance and 20 minutes' study of the home feature covers the second divi- Juvenile Delinquency; Look at mission textbook (which is thus sion as outlined in each program the Work, a pair of eyes being completely covered in the course and is followed by the social focused at long range upon the of the year); a period on Wom- hour in which a recreational' map of the United States; Look an's Home Missions, which is a "Before and After" stunt is per- Up-Peace on Earth, with a specific study of some phase of formed. With the women distar; Look Ahead to Youth, the denomination's work–dti- vided into groups of four or five, with a pair of field glasses on zenship, conference institutions, or eight or ten if the audience is whose two lenses appear a boy Christian center activities, coop- large, leaders are chosen by each and a girl respectively; Look at erative projects and the like; group and a certain amount of Your Neighbor-an open win- while the last period is devoted time is given for planning. dow revealing a group of people to a social hour whose details fit When ready, a group depicts a of various nationalities inside; in with the preceding study. locality before and after the mis- Look at New Occasions-a ba- Thus in September the devotion- sionary society began its work, rometer, the sun and a cloud; al service takes a far and wide the audience in each case trying Look Far in Cooperation-a look at the task through God's to guess what institution or misyoung woman looking through a eyes; the textbook study pre- sion has been represented. The surveyor's transit; Look To- views "Toward a Christian best demonstration is then acgether-mother and daughter America" in a dramatic sketch claimed as decided upon either scanning a book under the eve- on "Home Missions the Chris- by judges or popular vote.

[543 ]

Posters suggested as adver- ination may be laid upon this by 11. What can a Christian individual tisement for this meeting fea- officers or chairmen of corre- and member of a group of Christian tured pioneer scenes, the invita- sponding committees who then young people do to improve motion tions being on a sunbonnet give their outlines for the open- pictures in your community? pasted on a postal card, and cov- ing year's work. The president ered wagons made of match cements all together, naming the 12. Can you subscribe to the stateboxes to be used as favors. binding material as "the helpful- ment on p. 162 beginning, "The fre"!- ness of each woman in the tier of the new day is largely social" While the specific details 'of this attrac- church." If the boxes are cov- as expressive of the whole task? tive series are denominational, its funda- ered with gold, silver or other mentals are of so unique a character and fancy paper, the design will be 13. Record somewhere what you so universally applicable that any Intelligent most attractive. This plan lends have definitely determined to do about program builder could adapt them to her itself to an annual meeting in the matters listed in this course. own use. It is issued by the Woman's Home which otherwise dull reports are Missionary Socitey of the Methodist Epis- to be presented. "So Built We From the Editor's Scrapbook copal Church, 420 Plum St., Cincinnati, the Wall" is the title suggested. Ohio. Price 50 cents. Capitalizing a Popular Hobby: Christian Youth in Action Hannah P. Miller, secretary for Another Year Book young women's work in the To an unusual degree this M. E. denomination, writes in a The program theme for the study for young folks may be new leaflet regarding capitalizwoman's society of the Alham- cast into the form of questions, ing the collecting hobby which bra, California, Baptist church discussion topics and the like. A enthralls all normal you t h was "Builders with Him" and few of Mrs. B. P. Heubner's as- sooner or later. Progressing the key verse "Come and let us signments as she taught this from dolls, pictures, books, pilbuild up the wall," Neh. 2: 17. book at the Lake Koronis, Minn., lows, spoons, elephants, etc., she The following is a brief outline assembly last summer were as proposes to call a halt on all of the meetings: follows: other accumulations until June 1935, the climax of the girls: Topic, "L a yin g Foundations 1. List some of the things wrong in Golden Year, meanwhile major- Through Reading." Presentation of America today. ing on "our little yellow envelnew books and the magazine Missions. opes" (containing the special 2. What are the attitudes of youth personal dues or gifts); $50 Stewardship, with the bricks of of your acquaintance toward the in- gifts from individuals or organ- Time, Money and Talent. ability to enter upon their life work? izations; names of new mem- What seems to you to be a Christian bers; subscriptions to Woman's Civic program, "Builders with Him attitude toward the situation? Home Missions, etc. Two prime for Good Citizenship." A temperance values stand out: (1) Friends program was given. 3. In what respects can the Church learning of the girls' new quest be said to have conformed to the will lend a hand to help make of Missionary program, "Building with standards of a pagan world? their favorite a Champion Col- Him Through Schools for Negroes." lector in the local or associa- 4. Arguments pro and con for sub- tional organization, and (2) Evangelism-"Winning New Work- sidizing or endowing churches to leave that whereas other collecting ers for the Wall." them free for their main task. hobbies are only for self-cen-· tered gratification, this one has Missionary program, "Building with 5. What is your community provid- an altruistic object in benefiting Him in Burma," Baptist literature ing for the leisure time of young peo- others. Even "collecting girls" and the Rangoon printing press being ple who cannot be in school? What for the membership may result featured. more might be done? in fine, lasting and serviceful friendships of far-reaching con- "Builders with Him Through White 6. From your own experience or ob- Cross Work," with dramatization servation, cite examples of interracial presented by the corresponding com- friendship. State obstacles and benemittee and a display of the work done. fits.

"Builders with Him in Our Church" 7. Would you patronize a Japanese -a workers' conference. dentist? A Negro physician? Enter- Various other special foreign fields were similarly considered.

"The luncheon feature for the year," says the Year Book, "is known as Birthday Partners. Each woman is given the name of a missionary whose birth date is the same as hers, and at the luncheon table (taking the tain a Mexican student in your home? sequences. Magazine subscripmonths successively) the women cele- Room with a Chinese at a conference? Are your answers free from race prej- tions result in a widening interbratin~ bring some news item or let- est with all its possible sequelre. ter from their birthday partners." udice?

Building the Wall 8. In the light of Chapter 2 analyze "Ships" for Toasts: The Col- your own community, considering its lege Ave. Baptist Church in Tois another widely adaptable needs, what the church or other agen- peka, Kansas, held a "covered theme based on the same Scrip- cies are doing to meet these, over- dish" luncheon using this theme, ture. The corner s ton e, of looked needs or situations, and formu- the table decorations featuring a course, should be Christ (repre- late recommendations for your young centerpiece representing a lake sented by a box of say 12 inches people's group and yourself. (silver paper) with a sparkling square), laid by a charter mem- beach, on which floated three 9. In parallel columns record facts regarding war which cause you to oppose it and why peace enlists your ber if possible. Then smaller active support. kindergarten – style s hip s of boxes labeled Prayer, Reading, 10. Has the attitude of young peo- heavy paper. Two were black Missionary Education, etc., ac- ple toward liquor changed since re- pirate ships with white masts peal? State evidence. Propose a pro- and sails – "Indifference" and cording to the departments of gram of action in dealing with the "Neglect," these being later run. work in the church or its denom- liquor situation.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

down and overturned by the Mounted on heavy material, the ties, and dividing the crowd into third, "Friendship," flying the back of each picture contains es- groups of from three to five each, American flag. Small boats sential information about its give each group one biography. carrying cargoes of nuts and subject. Mounted on heavy ma- The groups then repair to dif- other foods were used over the terial, the pictures are suitable ferent rooms or different corners table. The leader's talk showed for framing and using as visual- of the same room and read tohow neglect and indifference izations in missionary meetings, gether their leaflets, returning must be overcome and replaced study classes or Sunday school after ten minutes and putting on by friendship in dealing with teaching and give personal in- their demonstrations, playing "New Americans." The toasts terest to descriptive or biograph- charade-fashion upon the names .w ere on "Interpretership," ical material. of the missionary subjects. The "Friendship," "F e 110 w s hip," counselor then collects the biog- "Citizenship"and "Partnership." Birthday Partners: A good raphies and asks of each group A selection from "the Ship of luncheon feature for the wom- any ten questions (except exact State" was read. The plan lends an's society is to assign to each dates) answered in its sketch, a itself to the theme for home mis- member the name of a mission- point being scored for each sion study this year-"Toward a ary whose natal day is the same query answered cor r e c t 1y. Christian America." as her own and have these wom- Should the other groups be un- en, month by month during the able to guess the charade in the A Missionary Reading Room: year, give some news item or course of the quiz, the perform- The methods department in Mis- read a letter from their birth- ing group scores ten points so sions tells of a plan used in day partners at the luncheon that its maximum score is twenty White Temple (Baptist), Port- table, thus affording a double points. "You see this makes a land, Oregon, going a step far- "celebration." plain game into a purposeful ther than the common use of a game in which some learning literature table in the church Business Around the Maypole: processes must be going on or vestibule, or some other easily some very low scores will be accessible place. Miss Nettie Johnston writes of a made. The game may be played plan used at the May meeting in through several meetings." "Ours," writes Mrs. J. Fred Bell, the Pittsburgh Branch of the secretary of literature, "is a down Methodist Women's Auxiliary "Missionary Footsteps in Ja- town church, and when the family car for livening up the reception of pan." This apropos program takes the young people to the B. Y. branch reports. It was in the was prepared by Pearle Bourne P. D., fathers and mothers must go setting of a dolls' maypole party, and is described in The Window then and wait an hour for the church the "dolls" being pieces of mail- of Y. W. A., organ of the Wom- service. So we feel that this room ing tubes about five inches long an's Auxiliary of the Southern fills a real need. It is a small S. S. dressed up in ruffles of fluffy Baptist Convention: room, easily heated and comfortably crepe paper and drooping hats furnished. We (the board of missions framing faces cut from maga- Poster suggestion, an outline map of the church) started a library with zines. As each secretary read of Japan with Japanese shoes (clogs) books bought for the school of mis- her report, she rolled it up, marching across it. Dse some such sions. We are subscribing to Missions pressed it into a tube and at- wording as this: "March with Mis- magazine so there will always be the tached the doll to a streamer of sions across Japan at (time and current issue on the table, as well as the pole. This pole was set in place)." Japanese shoes made into 'A Book of Remembrance' and free the midst of a lawn of green folders in which is printed the pro- leaflets. We are asking for donations paper and had a yellow paper gram will be effective. Hymns: of missionary books." "flower of happiness" for China, "Footsteps of Jesus"; "Follow, Fol- a real iris for Japan, a rose for low, We Will Follow Jesus"; "Where Forty Missionary Stories is India and America, etc., at the He Leads Me I Will Follow." Devothe name of a new book by Mar- top. The gay streamers of the tional: "Ye Should Follow His Steps," garet W. Eggleston-"true tales pole and dresses of the dolls re- 1 Peter 2: 21b. Talks on "Getting that have the heart touch and lieved the monotony of the re- Our Footing," "Our Footing in 44 that carry their morals without ports. Years," etc., according to the subject words. They are not of equal matter to be covered in the program. stimulus but they cover a sur- Charades for Fellowship: A Special music, "Beautiful Japan," or prising range and few readers writer in The World Call sug- "Hail to the Brightness." Other fea- will escape their emotional ap- gests after looking over the bi- tures may be: "Footfalls that Pre- peal. The book is particularly ography sets of the United saged Great Events," "Footprints on adapted for use among boys of Christian Missionary Society the Sands of Time," "Turning Shoes the hero-worshiping age. (Har- that charades should be impro- Around" (changing old non-Christian per's; $1.50, or through your vised to familiarize people with ways through missionary influence). own literature department.) the names of missionaries and "Getting Our Footing" may be a True- impart information as to what and-False test, the leader either hand- Portraits of Missionaries: The each one did. Selecting from ing out a written test for each mem- Baptist Department of Mission- the leaflets such names as Trout, ber to mark or reading the items and ary Education has a large collec- Palmer, Hunter, Weaver, etc., letting the organization indicate the tion of 10×12¥2 portraits of its having dramatization possibili- correct reply, as: "The name, Japan, missionaries to which it keeps was given by Perry when the country adding from time to time. was opened to trade. (b) By the Chinese since the sun came from its direction. (c) Because of its beauty," the second being correct.

~~I====~============~========~I~

BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK GIVEN TO HOSPITALITY Jesus said, "When thou makest a feast, bid the poor, the maimed, the lame, the blind: and thou shalt be blessed; they have not wherewith to recompense thee."

Peter in writing "to the elect" urged them to practice "hospitality one to another without murmuring." Paul, in letters to the Roman Christians and to Timothy, his "true child in the faith," repeats the charming words, "given to hospitality."

The Rune of Hospitality I saw a stranger yestreen: as it unites us to Him and makes congregations who have listed I put food in the eating place, His prayers one with ours, will the members who would be the Drink in the drinking place, lead us to intercessory prayer first to leave and who would Music in the listening place; for all men." doubtless afterwards have "gold And in the sacred name of the Triune, stars" on another flag to be hung He blessed myself and my house, *** in the church. My cattle and my dear ones. And the lark said in her song, Let us thank God for the growing In helping its members "to Often, often, often, and deepening consciousness of the seek peace and pursue it," the Goes the Christ in the stranger's guise, need for peace, and for the personal Broadway Tabernacle Church in Often, often, often, knowledge of Him who brings peace New York City has made use of Goes the Christ in the stranger's guise. on earth.-From the Call of Prayer, the following anti-war declara- announcing the observance of the tion: -Old Gaelic Rune. Recovered by World Day of Prayer, February 28, Kenneth McCleod. 1936. "I have quietly considered what I would do if my nation THANKS BE TO GOD MAKING UP OUR MINDS should again be drawn into war.

Luke tells how Paul on his last Strange how we strong- "I am not taking a pledge bejourney "thanked God and took minded Americans who usually cause I do not know what I courage." know where we want to go, and would do when the heat of war straightway go, are now fum- mood is upon the country. But Paul in writing to his Chris- bling and stumbling along in in a mood of calm consideration tian friends in Philippi and making up our minds how to I do today declare that I cannot Colossre combined the giving of keep our nation out of the hell reconcile the way of Christ with thanks to God and steadfastness of another war. Evidently too the practice of war. in prayer. many of us keep our minds on the possible war rather than on "I do, therefore, set down my Father Fabian says: "Our our probable strength to find the name to be kept in the records own interests drive us obviously Way of Peace. I have heard of of my Church, so that it will be to prayer, but it is love alone which leads to thanksgiving. [546 ] There is little enough of prayer but there is still less of thanksgiving."

"Our knowledge of the Love of God to us calls us to pray for ourselves that we may be worthy of His Love. Our love for Jesus,

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOlv.lE MISSIONS

for me a reminder if war should thority of the Foreign Policy As- sciences have performed a valcome; and will be a solemn dec- uable function in conducting relaration to those who hold to sociation, which has gained wide search which increases our recognition as a source of un- knowledge of human relations, this conviction in time of war biased information on interna- but their findings do not reach that I believe them to be right; the masses, and therefore have and I do desire with my whole tional affairs, but the facts are too little influence on public presented in popular, non-tech- opinion. The Foreign Policy Asmind and heart that I shall be sociation believes that the most among those who keep to this be- nical language. Each book con- useful service which it can perlief. tains about forty pages and is form at this time is to develop a new means of public education "I set down my name to make illustrated with unique pictorial which will secure a wider disconcrete my present thought charts or graphs. tribution and more effective use of the knowledge derived from upon the question of war, and The series is especially suited research. declare my purpose to think and to the needs of discussion groups, The project is being carried talk with others about it, that current events clubs and forums. out by a new Department of my belief in the way of Christ Study outlines and supplemen- Popular Education organized tary material are available to this fall under the direction of shall become operative in this William T. Stone, Vice-President and in other questions which teachers, ministers, and club of the Foreign Policy Associanow confuse our thought and leaders using the books for dis- tion. Mr. Stone is assisted by action." cussion groups. The books are Mr. Omar P. Goslin, as educa- tional secretary, and Mrs. *** published in two editions: a Phyllis A. Goslin as editor. Mr. paper covered pamphlet edition and Mrs. Goslin are authors of Since June, 1934, the General for organizations and study Rich Man, Poor Man, a graphic Council of Congregational and survey of our economic dilemma groups at 25 cents a copy; and which has received enthusiastic Christian Churches has author- praise fro m educators and ized preparation for "a plebis- a book trade edition bound in critics. boards on sale at all bookstores cite of our denomination to de- at 35 cents a copy. Released by Foreign Policy Association, termine the mind of our people" S W, 40th St., New York, New York. on four propositions or others The gravity of the world crisis relating to the question of war is one compelling reason for this and peace. The vote is being new venture. If society is to taken this month. solve the fundamental problems May God be praised that of our times without resort to under his guidance some Chris- violence, it must apply knowltians will be led to make up their edge and understanding more minds concerning the Way of Peace. successfully than it has in the past. In recent years the social NEW VENTURE IN ~.

POPULAR EDUCATION I Headline Books Offer Popular I Material on International Problems I The Foreign Policy Associa- FLANDERS FIELD tion announces an interesting The float, shown above, entitled Flanders Field, was a unit in the Peace Demonstration experiment in popular education, prepared by Mrs. J. H. Callister, and directed at the Northfield Missionary Conference, initiated this month with the Northfield, Mass., in July. For particulars regarding such a demonstration for Peace, publication of Headline Books. The first volume is entitled "War refer to the B1IIletin for November, or address tbe Editor. Tomorrow: Will We Keep Out?" a survey of the proposals for keeping America out of the next war, written against the background of our participation in the World War.

The object of Headline Books is to present the complicated and difficult problems of our times in a form so simple and interesting that they will be understood by the millions of Americans who don't normally read "serious" books. The material which goes into each book carries the au- ! Our World–wide Outlook ~ ~II,~,=====A=M=issi=ona=ry =Ne~ wsp~ape=r o=f C=urr=ent=Ev=ent=s =====~~ NORTH AMERICA Interior, and is expected to take can be a Scout or receive a com- from five to ten years to com- mission unless he believes in Human Relations Institute plete. The work will employ God. In 1917 a special edition of the Bible and of the New The Williamstown Institute of about 4,000 men. Rev. Roy H. Testament, bearing the Scout in- Human Relations meeting at Murray has been appointed by signia and readings on the Scout Williams College in September, the Washington Co un c i I of brought together Jewish, Cath- Churches and Christian Educa- law, were issued.

olic and Protestant representa- tion for this work. The culminating "daily good tives with a frank and deter- turn," which is the capstone of mined purpose to create a better Chicago's Kingdom of God the movement, came in 1934, understanding. The 680 mem- Fellowship when the President of the United bers of this Institute, while not States broadcast a request for a forsaking the cardinal principles Chicago is developing a "King- nation-wide good turn during of their own religion, feel bound dom of God Fellowship," with Anniversary Week. In response together in a common task of aims akin to those in the Fellow- to this call, the boys gathered combating the forces of national- ship sponsored by Kagawa: "(1) 91,863 pieces of household furniism, secularism, intolerance and The deepening of spiritual life. ture, 22,206 pieces of bedding, materialism which are alarm- (2) An educational program to 268,716 pieces of clothing for inform the churches and inter- men, 276,423 pieces of clothing ingly on the increase. The Institute was based upon pret for them the life, the Chris- for women, 266,160 pieces of recognition of the fact that while tian experience and social pro- clothing for children, besides fundamental religious differ- gram of Toyohiko Kagawa, and 79,617 miscellaneous pie c e s. ences must remain, m u t u a I to relate ourselves to the Chris- These supplies were given to ununderstanding and a working tian International Fellowship employed persons. cooperation can be established in that is coming under the impulse Now, after twenty-five years spite of them; and that interest of Kagawa's Christ-like life and of the Scout Movement, almost in mutual problems can sur- teaching. (3) The study of and 800 men are devoting their mount respective differences. the relating of ourselves to the whole time to its leadership. A outstanding social action move- training school is carried on Are Country Churches Dying? ments within our own churches near Mendham, N. J. and the cooperative movement This question is often heard, -The Christian Advocate. as a technique for world brotherand a Louisville Baptist minister hood." Quaker Branches United has worked out an answer in the following figures for Kentucky: A booklet entitled "Kagawa A breach of more than a hun- dred years' duration was healed City Country and the Kingdom of God" has when the two branches of the been prepared and is being dis- Religious Society of Friends, Churches Churches commonly known as Quakers, tributed. Dr. Kagawa expects talked, prayed and were silent in Membership ….. 18,677 18,675 to be in the United States dur- Baptisms ……. 570 1,045 ing the winter.

Pastors' Salaries. $39,573 $33,883 Total Gifts …… $201,606 $69,723 S. S. Enrolment. 14,897 11,692 Scout's Silver Anniversary the same New York meeting house. More than a century ago -Watchman-Examiner.

Another Cooperative Project About half the Boy Scout the followers of Elias Hicks, calling themselves liberals, broke Seven denominations are coop- troops in the United States are erating in the support of an in- connected with churches. Of the off from the orthodox section, terdenominational religious pro- organization's twelve laws, the and each Suriday since then gram at the site of the Grand Coulee Dam in the State of most fundamental is the twelfth, these Quakers went their sep- Washington. This support pro- which reads: "A Scout is reyvides for a religious worker and arate ways. The reunion, which helps toward the erection of a erent toward God. He is faith- took place at Gramercy Park chapel building. The dam is being built by the Reclamation ful in his religious duties, and meeting house, was character- Bureau of the Department of the respects the convictions of others ized by a quiet service. When in matters of custom and reli- the service and announcements gion." This has been embodied were over there was a filing out, in the constitution of the Boy a shaking of hands, a little nod- ding across the meeting house. Scouts of America, and no one [548 ]

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Danish Lutherans Take Washington Chinese Church religious. The "Socialist" teach- ing of Mexico is planned to a Stand The organization of a Chinese remove all religious preconcep- Community Church among the tions from the minds of the peo- The Danish Evangelical Lu- 800 resident Chinese is one of ple. In one of the most populous theran Church in America, with the most interesting recent de- states, all school teachers must a baptized membership of 18,- velopments in Washington, D. C., sign the following document: 000, assembled in convention in and is a brand new enterprise. Danevang, Texas, June 14-18, The recent visit of Dr. P. C. I declare that by all the means in passed the following resolution: Chua, head of a private hospital my power I will fight the Roman Cath- in Canton and an earnest Chris- olic religion and other religions. I Be it hereby tian, has initiated this move- declare that I will not take part in ment. The purpose is to con- private or public in any ceremony of Resolved, That the Danish Evan- duct a communuity church with the Catholic Church or any other regelical Lutheran Church in America educational, social and recrea- ligion. in convention assembled fully en- tional features in connection dorses other church bodies and peace with the religious services. The Many mission schools have organizations in their efforts to se- church will seek affiliation with been closed and it is expected cure full publicity concerning the the Church of Christ in China. that, by the end of the present facts and forces of armaments, and The pastor is Rev. C. C. Hung, school year, the few remaining in their efforts to create an enlight- of Detroit, who has had experi- schools will close. ened public opinion against the out- ence in similar enterprises. rageous increases of current appro- Mr. Grubb found the followpriations for the war and navy de- Quarters will be selected ad- ing is a Socialist Lord's Prayer partments. . . . jacent to the Chinese residential being taught in one school: area. Subscriptions promise We condemn the traffic in arma- adequate finances for the year. Our Socialism which is on the earth, ments, the diversion of money from The few Christian Chinese are Respected be thy name; public funds to channels indirectly en- all behind the enterprise and are Thine influence come, larging the power of the military es- represented on its board of man- Thy will be done as in the cities so tablishments, the subtle basis of the agers. Many other resident militaristic setup and spirit in vari- Chinese have shown their in- in the fields. ous public activities such as R. O. terest. -Christian Advocate. Give us this day our daily bread, T. C. colleges, relief organizations, Do not pardon us if we pardon our and economic agencies of control, and the taking of excessive individual and enemies, corporate profits in the production of And lead us not into the hand of armaments. clergy, But deliver us from evil. Amen.

Anti-Race Discrimination Moravians in Alaska It is useless to contemplate sending more missionaries to Christians who believe with The Moravian Alaska Mission Mexico, but Mr. Grubb calls at~ the Apostle Peter that God is no is celebrating its jubilee this tention to the fact that as the respecter of persons must re- year. The most encouraging prayers of God's children turned joice in the action of Pennsyl- feature of the work has been the the tide in a similar situation in vania in passing its anti-race- eagerness to read, and learn the China so will prevail today discrimination bill. This law Bible on the part of the young prayer, and spiritual life canprovides that there shall be no people, the best proof being the not be destroyed by governments discrimination "because of race, frequent and intelligent ques- today. creed or color," in inns, taverns, tions they ask. Often the midroadhouses, hotels, restaurants, week services are entirely given Mexico's Women for buffets, saloons, barrooms, ice over to Bible readings. Eng- Temperance .cream parlors, confectionaries, lish is being used more and soda fountains, drugstores, dis- more; no new translations of the South of the Rio Grande, as pensaries, c 1i n i c s, hospitals, Bible were made by the Mora- north of it, the saloon or tavern bathhouses, theatres, motion-pic- vian Mission last year. is a focus of crime and delinture houses, airdromes, roof quency. Mexican pulque and gar den s, music halls, race -Bible Society Record. tequila are as cheap as beer and courses, skating rinks, amuse- wine in the United States. It is ment and recreation parks, fairs, LATIN AMERICA with real satisfaction that Presibowling all e y s, gymnasiums, dent Cardenas, of Mexico, welshooting galleries, billiard and Education in Mexic9 comes the women of his nation pool parlors, public libraries, in a fight against alcohol. "It is kindergartens, primary and sec- The new system of education up to them' more than anyone ondary schools, high schools, in Mexico is closely allied to its else to solve the problem," he academies, colleges and universi- religious life. By a recent said recently, "for the sake of ties, garages and all public con- amendment to the Constitution, their children and homes, and to veyances. This seems to cover "Socialist teaching" is obligatory see that their husbands and the ground pretty thoroughly. in all schools, including mission brothers make good use of the schools. Mr. Kenneth Grubb, money they earn. Women will -Presbyterian Tribune. who examined Government text- be gratified to know that they books prepared for primary schools, found them to be anti-

have undertaken a great work. prisoners throughout the world. "Christ-Believing Jews" In the case of extreme necessity," he warned, "I may even For the coming Christmas some For several years there has have to prohibit the manufacture been in Hungary a group of of intoxicating liquor, so that 25,000 English, and over 5,000 Jews who have never severed this work will not be in vain." their connection with their peo- The National Revolutionary foreign letters, each handwritten ple, but who, as Jews, believe Party is conducting a series of that Jesus of Nazareth is the radio programs against the and decorated and containing a Messiah promised in the Old traffic in strong drinks. Testament. The leader of this clear Gospel message, have al- group is Dr. Deszo Foldes, who Ecuador Nationalizes Churches is the president of the Hun- ready been prepared. Two garian Hebrew – Christian Al- A decree was issued on Oc- liance. He has just published a tober 15th· nationalizing Ecua- prisons in the United States each book in which he relates his exdorean churches. It was an- perience on entering the Chrisnounced that another dec r e e are to receive 5,000 letters; the tian life, and his later efforts to would be issued nationalizing the advance Christ's cause among clergy. total number sent to North his own people. Among the rea- sons given for the establishment In 1869 tithes on farm produce America is over 24,000, while of "The Union of Hungarian for the support of the Roman Christ-Believing Jews" are the Catholic Church were abolished, about 600 in Spanish go to following: and a tax was substituted. In 1902, civil marriage was per- South America. Weare Christ-believing Jews bemitted and two years later the cause we believe in Jesus Christ. Church was placed under State Letters in several languages With all the strength of our soul and control. with all conviction of mind, we be- are being prepared for India. lieve and confess that He, Jesus of Plans for Amazon Basin Nazareth, is the one who, in accord- There are also requests for sev- ance with the promises of God through The vastness of the Amazon the great and holy prophets of our basin, and the apparently un- eral hundred Christmas letters Jewish people, was to come, and, by limited possibilities of its future His own sacrifice, to save His own bedevelopment have engaged the for use by prison wardens in loved people as well as all other sinattention of missionary agencies. ful lost souls, from their condemna- . It is said that this basin could India. -The Christian. tion, the death of sin. support 500,000,000 people, so immense are its natural re- Italy Needs Help We call ourselves Christ-believing sources. It seems beyond ques- Jews because we are children of the tion that its development will The Spezia Mission in Italy Jewish people and remain so, for we come within a generation or two. scrupulously keeps outside all are not willed to loosen the ties of With such possibilities in mind, political and military questions. union with our Jewish brothers, but Presbyterian forces of Brazil Its hands are full caring for rather desire to cultivate and foster have been contemplating the in- souls in its many sided work. It these ties. We cannot see a solution auguration of an evangelical is anxious that in the present of the Jewish question except by spirwork along the river, in order to crisis the needs of orphaned chil- itual renaissance through acceptance gain the advantage of being on dren should not be forgotten. of the New Testament without the the scene from the beginning. The Girls' Orphanage has been surrender of Jewish individuality. The plan calls for the coopera- at work for more than half a tion of the Brazilian Presby- century, while an orphanage for -Alliance Weekly. terian Church and the Northern boys is nearing completion. and Southern Presbyterian mis- While Rome, using the political Evangelism in Norway sions joining in itinerary work crisis, is seeking to crush the that would carry the Gospel up Spezia Mission, the workers feel About twenty-five years ago and down the river by boat to that the present situation fur- a revival in Norway laid the the widely scattered communi- nishes a definite opportunity to foundations of the greater evanties. -Christian Observer. proclaim the cause of Christ to gelical and missionary z e a I the Italian people. shown by that country as com- EUROPE pared with the other two Scan- -The Christian. dinavian lands. Today a strong Christmas Letters for evangelical movement is in evi- Prisoners Campaign in Corsica dence, especially among the stu- dents. Two years ago a Swedish Great Britain has groups of The Camps and Tours Union evangelist set up a Gospel tent voluntary helpers engaged in has held a series of ten evan- in Oslo for a series of meetings, preparing Christmas letters to gelistic meetings in isolated and the demand for evangelist'ic mountain villages of the Island services has been so sustained of Corsica. So far as known, that he is still there. The people not one Protestant was present; hunger for the Gospel. the average attendance of 30 was entirely Roman Catholic. Nearly all the population (2,- French Testaments, Gospels and 649,775) belongs to the Lutheran tracts were accepted readily by all those present, most of whom had never seen a Bible. At one meeting the people asked for an explanation of the difference be- tween Catholic and Protestant belief. Personal talks, explana- 1:!ion of texts and prayer had definite results among those of every walk in life.

-Life of Faith.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Church, within which this evan- Rev. G. Guenod, which deserves Missionaries Help Ethiopia wider circulation. We quote: gelical movement finds its home. American missionary doctors The country is strongly Prot- The steamer which is taking and nurses are planning to reestant, having only 3,000 Roman us to the Cameroon made a stop main in Ethiopia, in case of war at Algiers and then at Casa- Catholics. Only 800,000 of the blanca. In the first named place with Italy, in order that they population of Norway live in we passed the Depot of the Brit- may aid the wounded and ill. cities. The country population ish Bible Society. In 1934 there is very scattered, the average were distributed and sold, copies Dr. Robert W. Hockman, a density being only twenty-two of the Bible and New Testaments medical missionary, is reported to the number of 66,614 copies. people to the square mile. recently to have left for the -The Christian. frontier with five tons of Ethio- pian Red Cross supplies, includ- This work employs seven colpor- ing operating tables, stretchers AFRIOA teurs, both among Europeans and tents. He was accompanied and natives. The agency in Al- by Dr. Malaku Bayen, Ethiopian Changes Under Way giers is able to supply the Word husband of the daughter of the Nothing that is happening in of God in nearly 60 different President of Howard Univer- Egypt, and, in fact, in all Mos- languages. sity, Washington, and 100 native lem countries, seems more sig- Casablanca is a prodigious assistants. nificant than men's awakening city which was not in existence Dr. Tom A. Lambie, field dito the desirability of educating before 1907! It contains so rector of the Ethiopian Mission, women for a place in society many things to see, among them a part of the Sudan Interior Missimilar to that in the West. "Bidonville," the "zone," the sion with headquarters in To- Arabic papers frequently pub- name of which indicates its mis- ronto, is organizing the Red lish articles on the subject, some erable appearance. of which have been translated Cross. Dr. Esther Bergman into English. At a Rotary Club "ladies night" recently in Cairo Contrary to appearances about and Dr. Tesla Nicola, both of Los there were several Mohammedan 10,000 Moslems swarm about the Angeles, and other missionary members present, including the place. Our arrival was marked doctors, will convert their hospresident of the club; but not by the Aid-el-Kebir, the great pitals into institutions for war one Mohammedan lady came day of the "mutton feast." wounded. American w 0 men with her husband. The example Every family kills a sheep, and have also volunteered their servset by the Palace, where the everywhere from u n d e r the ices in making bandages and Queen is kept in complete se- doors of the little yards flow splints. clusion so far as mixed com- little streams of blood which feed pany is concerned, tends to keep the ill-smelling mud of the Foreigners in Addis Ababa back the older leaders of the streets. This does not prevent (pronounced A'ddis A'hwahwa) community from following new the crowd from strutting about fear air raids and gas attacks social ways. in magnificent holiday attire. It most; except for a few anti- happens to be at the same time aircraft guns, the capital is un- -Wilbert B. Smith. the Jewish Sabbath. prepared for such attacks. Few are equipped with gas masks The Gospel Welcomed At the "House of the Bible" which an enterprising German we had the good fortune to meet merchant is selling at $40 each. The Church Missionary So- Mr. Dugald Cam p bell, the ciety reports a marked change in The British Legation, which is Omdurman, Egyptian Sudan, in Scotch colporteur of the desert. on a full wartime footing and is the attitude to Christianity. For more than thirty years he equipped with subterranean dug- There is a growing interest and outs; the German Legation has readiness to listen, evidenced by has been traversing the Sudan bomb-proof shelters but the the large attendance at meet- and the Sahara in every direc- United States Legation has no ings where the speakers included tion. He is particularly inter- such protection. an Armenian, an American, an Egyptian, an Englishman and a ested in the Tuaregs and has French Government Donation Sudanese. Simple Christian teaching is welcomed in the hos- written about them and his After the aeroplane accident pitals, although not a few draw trips some gripping stories. in Congo BeIge, which cost the back when they realize what is lives of Governor General and involved in an open acceptance Mr. Campbell was just about Madame Renard, the French of Christ. -Life of Faith. Government acknowledged the to start on a new tour. It takes service rendered by Baptist Mis- him about two years and a half. sionaries at Bolobo and Tshum- He needs to buy eight or nine biri by sending a donation to- camels on which he will load his small parcels and hundreds of kilos of Gospels (which are pub- The Bible in North Africa lished in his own Targui trans- ward the work of these stations. lation). He is always in danger After paying the costs in- The Journal des Missions of a bullet from a fierce, but un- curred, the missionaries plan to Evangeliques publishes a letter seen Chleuh, but the cover of apply the money toward ur- gently needed new buildings-at from one of its missionaries, the God will protect him.

Bolobo, new classrooms for Ayia Sofia, is to be turned into a zation. An Indian lady from teacher training and girls' dor- public library. Lucknow has been elected chairmitory, and at Tshumbiri improvement of missionary dwell- Persia Makes Radical Changes man of the united organization. ings. -Southern Workman. Three Indian delegates were sent In addition to other changes Another Jubilee Offering in Iran has come the introduc- to the World's Student Christian tion of music (forbidden by the Federation, which met in Bul- From the chief and oldest Koran) with military bands and garia last August. While angrandmother to the youngest singing taught in schools. Relichild, everybody helped to make gious leaders have been stripped other contact is with the newly bricks, bringing timber from 30 of old perquisites, such as the organized Student Christian miles and sand from five miles right to witness all deeds for fat away to build an addition to the fees, the control of the huge Movement of Java when four church at Qanqu, South Africa, lands and possessions of the representatives of the Indian and thus worthily celebrate the church, and the right to inter- movement visited Java last Augchurch's fiftieth anniversary. fere in political affairs. Many Seventeen hundred people at- who have protested the change ust. India is also looking fortended the opening service, 700 have been imprisoned or exiled. ward with great interest to the of them communicants. Besides visit of the American Negroes the offering, a special gift was Marriageable age for girls has also been raised from nine to six- who are planning to tour most of teen, and the consent of the first the important student centers in India, Burma and Ceylon in the coming winter.

-The Christian Century.

presented to the Bishop, includ- wife is required before a second Revolt Against Hinduism ing seven oxen and several sheep, can be taken. Modern schools 400 pounds of potatoes, 200 have been established for girls The Associated Press reports pounds of sugar and several as well as boys; moving pictures that on October 15th ten thoupounds of tea. The Bishop gave are used in government schools; sand "untouchables" revolted all this back to the people and and policemen have been ordered against Hinduism by resolution a grand feast followed. The to tear up every old style hat after they had been addressed by building fund was sec u red they see. Recently the leading Dr. Ramji Ambedkar, at a meetchiefly by the Bishop of Aber- mosque in Hamadan was com- ing of the depressed classes at deen, after his visit to South mandeered by the department of Nasik. education, and the dome was Dr. Ambedkar urged them to Africa a few years ago. used for the suspension of a abandon Hinduism and adopt WESTERN ASIA Foucalt's pendulum, showing the "any other religion which gives Changes in Turkey revolution of the earth on its you equality of status and treat- axis, thus proving that the world ment." He continued: "I had the misfortune to be born with The Moslem W 0 r l d (New does move-in more ways than the stigma of the untouchable, York) reports that further rad- one. -The Presbyterian. ical changes are taking place in but it is not my fault. I will not Turkey. Bahaism Under Fire die a Hindu."

The new Parliament proposes to Iran is using governmental His audience heard the adtransfer the weekly day of rest from authority to suppress Bahaism, dress with marked enthusiasm.

Friday to Sunday. Primarily this is one of the greatest of peace or- Practical Christianity a change due to commercial, and not ganizations. This sect, perseto religious reasons. Money and time cuted in Turkey, found freedom Ten boys from a mission are lost on the Continental Bourse by in Iran, the land of their birth, school in North India put their Constantinople being closed on ,Fri- but an official proclamation has Christianity into effect during days. At the same time the change is now closed their schools. The the hot season by providing railworking to the advantage of the reason for this persecution is way passengers with drinks of Christian, and is another blow to the that their spiritual leader peti- cold water. They also helped old Moslem. However hard it may be for tioned the League of Nations to men and women, some of whom Christians in Turkey today, their secure for them the right to elect had never traveled before and position is in no way so difficult or a representative at the Persian were glad to have cheery lads distressing as that of Islam. Out- Parliament. help them with their bundles. wardly at least, Islam is crumbling. -United Presbyterian. These same boys, during an The Muezzins are forbidden to call to prayer from the minarets in Arabic; epidemic of malarial fever, went into the villages and distributed it must be in Turkish. But the call quinine, encouraged people to brings no general response; the old keep their bodies clean and to take other health precautions. In imam's voice, breaking on a top note, INDIA AND SIAM only calls forth mocking laughter. Student Christian Movement Ayia Sofia (formerly a Christian Church and then a mosque) has been The Student Christian Movereopened as a museum. The great ment of India is entering upon a discs bearing the names of the first four Khalifs and other like decora- new phase of its history, as it some places they showed lantern tions of a Moslem character have been removed and the old atmosphere has has been found possible to unify slides which suggested ways of gone. It is rumored that the mosque the men students' and the wom- maintaining good health.

of the Sultan Achmed, the one nearest en movements into one organi- -The Christian.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Toward Christian Unity Learning to Live In and Around Malacca Dr. E. Stanley Jones is setting Rural reconstruction is mak- The missionary history of up in Lucknow a new ashram, ing headway in Burma. The for the special study of service Malacca (Malaysia) contains the and evangelism. He is an ear- Methodist Anglo – Vernacular names of three famous men. nest advocate of Christian unity, School has a rural bias in its cur- St. Francis Zavier worked there riculum. Boarding pupils pay and would combine all Christians 20 baskets of rice annually for for some time, and stories of his in one "Church of Christ in miraculous power are still cur- India," with many "branches"- their board, and do outside man- rent among his followers. Milne Syrian, Lutheran, Methodist, ual work certain hours. Weav- ing, carpentry and the like are started the Anglo-Chinese Col- Friends, etc., each branch keep- lege in Malacca toward the end ing for the present its old or- additional. Girls are instructed ganization. Over all would be in poultry raising. In the dor- of the 18th century. It was later an All-India General Assembly mitories, the students practice moved to China. Robert Moror Synod, meeting at long inter- housekeeping in groups, buying rison set up his first printing vals, the National Christian and preparing the meals on one press in Malacca, and there his Council acting as an executive rupee a week. first translations of the Bible committee. At Chaungwa is an S. P. G. into Chinese were printed. Shel- -Christian Advocate. rural center which is similar in labear Hall commemorates the aim and method. Literary work Methodist pioneers in this field, Dr. and Mrs. Shellabear. Mrs.

Telugu Convention is done at both schools and the Shellabear founded the Suydam manual training appears to In Bezwada, India, was held make the pupils more alert. Girls' School, and the boarding recently the great Telugu Con- school which accommodates 100 vention, which was attended by -Burma News. girls. more than twenty thousand native Christians, saved from A Problem in Siam Malacca has a Tamil congreheathenism. A huge structure was built for the occasion. The Dr. Barnhouse, writing in gation and one for the Hokien delegates slept on the ground. Revelation, after a recent visit, Chinese. Daily Vacation Bible Their wants were few-a little tells us that the Siamese have a rice and curry. REVIEW readers tendency to accept Christianity Schools are conducted in eight are familiar with the beginnings by households. Families are so outlying districts, as well as in of this work among the Telugus bound together that if any indi- -how for years no opening was vidual considers becoming a Malacca. One new outstation Christian, it is a matter for the has been opened recently, also a new Sunday School in Malacca.

-Woman's Missionary Friend.

gained, until some Boards were household to settle. He goes to CHINA on the point of recalling their his parents, his brothers and workers. At last the break Missions and Philanthropy came, and 2,222 were baptized sisters, and even households of Cooperate in a single day. Since then the cousins are consulted, so that work has steadily developed. The Spirit of Missions gives a when a man becomes a Chris- striking example of cooperation -Alliance Weekly. tian, frequently his whole house- between a mission hospital and hold is brought in, and some- a benevolent society. This was In the Assam Hills in Anking, where not long ago a times two or three collateral crowd of forlorn women and Rev. W. G. Supplee, Baptist households. This explains one children, driven in by famine worker in Assam, reports that from outlying farms and vilchurch membership is growing of the great difficulties that has lages, invaded the city, grabbed faster than it can be cared for. been prevalent in the work of the wheels of jinrikishas and At the present time the Christian membership of the churches the schools. A student from a non-Christian home who comes under the influence of Christian- ity, and who perhaps really has among the Serna Nagas is well become a Christian at heart, will pulled at coat sleeves, begging over 5,000; the past year 800 were added. The Association of consult his parents before con- food. the Christians of one section of sidering baptism. More often Anking has a group of Chinese than not, permission will be rethe field was held at Alaphumi, business men who call thema village 100 miles from Kohima. fused, and the student will obey selves a "Fellow Benevolence the parents. There have been Society." They are not all There were 4,400 people there. many cases where, years after Christians. When this invasion The Gospel of Mark is the only graduation, students have writ- took place, a committee of the part of the Scriptures available ten to their former teachers say- society went through the streets ing that parents having died, or after midnight and picked up all in the Serna Naga.

The missionary motorcycle other obstacles having been re- the children between six and traveled over 1,000 miles on the moved, they have decided pub- twelve years who were sleeping paths of the Naga Hills, Assam, licly to become a Christian. on doorsteps in the rain-139 of during the past year. Through the years they have them.

-Watchman-Examiner. continued their Bible reading. The men's society then ap-

pealed to St. James' Hospital in ference held recently at Kuling, hundred centers the Chinese Anking. The staff got into ac- Central China. Nanking Theo- Government is offering treattion and vaccinated for small- logical Seminary expects to re- ment for addicts of the drug and pox; scrubbed, dosed, treated, ceive about $3,000,000 from the before the end of 1935 all are redressed wounds, shaved heads Wendel estate, all of which will quired to report for treatment. and deinfested. The mission's be reinvested and the income Those who are discovered using religious education workers took used in augmenting the equip- drugs after they have been turns going over to teach tooth- ment and personnel of theolog- treated will be subject to five brushing, handscrubbing, and ical schools the country over. years' imprisonment; those who other pleasant "games"; also are compelled by force to submit put up posters from the Chinese As a first step toward reduc- to treatment and then relapse National Health Administration. ing the number of theological will be put to death. Beginning Pupil nurses took up a collection schools in the Gountry in the in- next year all persons found using to buy 139 toothbrushes and terests of greater efficiency of narcotics will be given five years' drinking cups. operation, nine institutions-in- imprisonment, and after that cluding four union theological year the penalty will- be death. More Trouble in China colleges, three union theological training schools and two post- -Christian Advocate. Dr. Susan Waddell, an Amer- graduate schools of theologyican Presbyterian Medical Mis- have been singled out to receive JAPAN-CHOSEN sionary who went out to China direct financial assistance from in 1921 and later married a Chi- the Wendel bequest. Hokkaido Calls nese Christian, Hsu Shih-chu, was murdered (probably by rob- -Dayton News. There has been both material bers) in Hanking on October and spiritual progress in Hok- 14th. Bandit Invasion kaido since the first C. M. S. missionary settled there in 1874, Dr. Waddell was born in Iowa The Missionstidning for Fin- the diamond jubilee having been and served as missionary doctor land publishes the following celebrated last year. In the at Cheeloo University, Tsinan, telegram from ones of its mis- early days the Japanese re- Shantung. sionaries: garded Hokkaido almost as J. foreign country-the land of the Another despatch from China Aug. 29 the Mission Society Ainu. Today, Hakodate is the on October 8th says: received a telegram from Pastor ninth city in the empire, the Meeder in China containing the agricultural college at Sapporo Twenty-eight missionaries, in- distressing news that the entire has become an imperial univercluding fourteen Americans, be- mission field was occupied by sity, and nearly every part of gan a hazardous 600-mile Yellow communistic bandit troops. All the island is accessible by rail. River flight from Chinese Com- the missionaries are safe. The munists, as they began to move government troops were re- By degrees, the Christian nearer to Lanchow, in Kansu ported in command of the situa- Church has spread over the Province, from Szechwan. tion over the whole field early in island. Well educated Japanese July. The society had learned clergy now have full charge of The Christians were heading that Yungshuen, the most west- their districts. But missionaries for Paotow and thence for ern of its mission stations, had have been reduced in number so Peiping. , fallen into the hands of bandits. that there has been no marked This deprives the mission for increase in the number of Chris- Wendel Bequest at Work the present of the opportunity tians, although the population to continue its work in China. has trebled. There are the large Missionary leaders in Shang- It is all the more discouraging, centers, cities of over 150,000, hai say that the Wendel bequest since after great trials endured inadequately occupied; and vast of millions to the missionary during recent years, the Society untouched areas in outlying cause in China is bringing coop- was beginning to see the dawn areas. Of the 15,000 Ainu proberation among the Christian of better days. The Finnish Mis- ably five or six hundred are agencies at work. Gradually, sion Society deserves the prayer- Christians.-C. M. S. Outlook. they predict, foreign mission- ful sympathy of all Christians in aries in China will be supplanted this new affliction. "Retreat" at Chungju by Chinese pastors whose education will have been made pos- End of Drug Traffic by 1937 Some lights and shadows in sible by the Wendel millions. Korea are given in a letter from Dr. John R. Mott declares that Rev. Harry J. Hill, Presbyterian A far-reaching program for for the first time he feels that missionary in Pyengyang. "A the coordination of all Protestant the drug evil in China is under fifteen-year-old g i r 1, meeting theological schools in China control. General Chiang Kai- with the session in preparation under the leadership of the Nan- shek is determined to "stamp it for communion, was asked by a king Theological Seminary, ac- out" as is shown in a report of Korean elder: 'What is your tual beneficiary of the Wendel the National Opium Suppression moneys, was tentatively ap- Commission. At more than six proved by the heads of the various schools concerned at a con-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

greatest sorrow?' I~ tears she Solomon Island Christians go from. jungle villages, where replied: 'The unbelIef of my life is primitive and religion father.' This father had once The Evangelical Christian crudely animistic, to jungle vilbeen a church officer, but had lage schools and churches – so lapsed, while his family re- says of the Solomon Islands: simple and crude as scarcely to mained faithful. "The outstanding characteristic of the native Church in the Sol- seem such at all-thence to town "Another little Korean girl omons is their acceptance of the churches of beauty where real whose father, though professing Bible as the inspired Word of fellowship in worship may be ex- Christianity had sold her to be- perienced, and finally to the come a da'ughter-in-Iaw in a God, and their application of it heathen home, led her h~sband to their own lives. The Bible center at Medan where excellent ana mother-in-law to ChrIst. becomes their rule of life, and is schools for boys and for girls are conducted and where, in a b~a':l­ "Over 130 Koreans and 18 always the final court of appeal." tiful church building, worshIp IS missionaries recently held. a One of the native teachers had conducted in four different lan- Bible study retreat at ChungJu. guages for that polyglot city. For some years there has been two children, who died within friction between nor t hand Here one sees the entire range south but in this Retreat, a one week. Much to the amazespirit' of love and reconciliation ment of the heathen, who could of missionary activity from the were clearly manifest. There not understand that a Christian early approach to the jungle was earnest Bible study and a wonderful spirit of prayer sorrows not as those without dwellers on up to the self-reamong the Koreans." hope, this teacher went on w~th specting and largely self-sup- his daily work. They asked hIm ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC porting church and school work why he and his wife were not wailing as the heathen do. He in the city centers, as a pano- told them of the Father's house rama of what the Gospel can do.

with many mansions, and of the -FRANK T. CARTWRIGHT sure and certain hope he had of in Christian Advocate. , seeing his children again.

World's Smallest Kingdom To the missionary he said with Evangelism in the Philippines a smile: "You know that verse, Tonga is one of the smalle~t 'And God shall wipe away all E. K. Higdon, Executive Seckingdoms in the world and .IS tears from their eyes'? God has retary of the Philip~ine. Nathe only independent country III done that for me already." tional Christian CouncIl,. IS ac- the Pacific. It is located 400 M. 1. M. in Australia customed to write a ~etalled r~­ miles southeast of Fiji, and 36 port of each field trIp. In hIS of its many islands are inhabited, The Methodist Inland Mission latest report he says: the total population being about is doing for the settlers of West 29,000. The people are Poly- I am increasingly convinced of. the nesians, closely akin to ~al!103;ns and North Australia what "cir- value of educational eva~gehsm. and Hawaiians. ChrIstIamty cuit riders" in America did for Anyone with a degree of skIll as a was introduced by British Meth- the frontiersmen a century ago. public speaker and with a knowledg.e odists in 1826. of mob psychology can secu~e .decI- In two immense areas, which sions in mass meetings. But It IS an The Tonga Church has sent have a sparse population of entirely different story to meet young pioneer workers to Fiji and people one by one, or in sma!l gr~>u~s Samoa, to New Bri!ain and the miners, cattlemen and sheep- with the purpose of an~werlll:g mdl- Solomon Islands. SIxty per cent herders the mission has ten or- vidual questions and dealmg WIth p.erof the Tongans belong to the sonal problems. The plan of sp~ndm.g "Free We s ley a n Church," dained workers. With the help three or four hours each day m prd: of automobiles they cover large vate or small group <:onferen!!es an formed by the union of two one hour in the pubhc meetmg h!l-s fields otherwise cut off from civ- proved fairly satisfact.ory. We dldsbranches of Methodism effected ilizing influences. Roads are cuss any vital questIOn presente , mere tracks; trains on the few such as: railways run on weekly or biin 1924, and affiliated with the weekly schedules. Schools and How may I continue my e.ducatio?? Methodist Church of Australasia. hospitals are rare. Heat and What openings are there m ManIla The church is self-supporting, drought make living conditions although its income has been re- hard. Airplanes carry the mails; for a work student? Is there any future for a young man in the fishing industry?

duced by more than 50 per cent camels are used for transport. Would you advise me. to., stud?, in the past few years. The The Mission's monthly bulletin, nursing? Home economICS. Agn- Tongans are noted for their The Methodist Inland Link, gives eagerness for an education and one a new sense of the vastness culture? Tubou College trains young peo- of Australia. ple to serve Church and State. How should I make love? Religious and academic training -The Christian Advocate. is supplemented by work on What are the bases for a happy plantations. The Gospel Panorama married life? -Missionary Review In Sumatra one may see al- (kustralia) . most the entire story of Chris- Give us some methods of birth con- tian missionary effort. One may trol. ., How may I keep my mind clean.

How may I overcome temptation?

It is natural for young people to have sexual desires. What is wrong about satisfying them promiscuously?

Is the Roman Catholic Church the sinia, liquor and drugs, gam- faith movements and condemning in- original church? bling, the economic situation, the fluences stifling individual religious churches and the totalitarian liberties; Was Luther justified in starting the state, the freedom of conscience, Protestant Church? evangelism, education and Chris- 2. To demand justice in human re- tian unity. The convention de- lations by presenting facts free from Is there a judgment? plored "the revival of anti- prejudice; semitism, the denial of funda- Mr. Higdon reports that there mental human rights to men and 3. To interpret public affairs has been a marked change dur- women because of race and through an editorial policy of coning the last four or five years in color." Apprehension was ex- structiveness; the type of question asked by pressed at "the growing menace students regarding life work. of the liquor and drugs traffic." 4. To suppress crime by punishing Now, they are more interested criminals and supporting mental hyin earning a living than in be- The next Disciples' World gienic education that will avert crimcoming lawyers or professors. Convention will be held in Tor- inal-producing, nervous complexes onto, in 1940. among children; MISOELLANEOUS -The Christian Century. 5. To sponsor open forum columns Armenian Bible 1,500 Years where readers may present diverse Old The Jew and Ohrist views on controversial subjects; Catholicos Papken, of Antel- Claude Montefiore, England's 6. To give greater space to reliias, Syria, writes: outstanding Reformed Jew, de- gious features that emphasize inter- clares that the Christ of Scrip- faith cooperation; According to the tradition of the ture has a greater appeal for the ancient Armenian Church, Christian- modern Jew than a Unitarian 7. To encourage civic conditions ity was introduced into Armenia be- Christ. "The Jew," he says, conducive to improving public phystween 60 and 66 A. D. by the Apostles "cannot find God in a man. ical and mental health; Thaddeus and Bartholomew. It was God's righteousness, God's goodproclaimed the State religion in 301- ness, God's love are to him in- 8. To sponsor charity for all who 302. Armenia was divided into two comparable with man's, because, need it, but to insist that charity be sections in the 5th century and since even if he cannot understand distinct from political patronage; and Syriac (the Persian language) dom- how, the Jew always conceives inated one section, and Greek the them as so infinitely deeper, 9. To support vigorously those other, the unity of the Church was wider, wiser and more pure than highly important principles of harendangered. As a result it was de- man's righteousness, goodness monious international relations seekcided fifteen hundred years ago (436- and love. That is why, I sup- ing to supplant war with permanent 37) to translate the Bible into Arme- pose, he is unable to call any peace and amity. nian, the common laJ!g'uage of the man his Master. That is also people. As this had not been reduced perhaps why the Jew, if and Religion as it applies to human reto writing, the preparation of an when he does in honesty aban- lations involves these nine points: Armenian alphabet was necessary. don Judaism, can more easily freedom of worship, justice, construc- The period that immediately followed become an orthodox Christian tiveness, crime control, open discusis called "The Golden Age of Ar- than a Unitarian." sion, interfaith concord, hygiene, charmenia." Seven hundred years later, ity and amity. in one province (Sunik), there were -The Hibbert Journal. 10,000 manuscript copies of the Bible -The Churchman. and in all Armenia there were 150,000 The Press and Religion Biblical manuscripts-all translations Sunday School Teachers' Debt from the Septuagint. Horace D. Crawford, editor of the Indianapolis New s, and An instructor in Boston Uni- The American Bible Society is teacher of journalism in Frank- versity School of Religious Eduplanning to commemorate the lin College, believes that news- cation asserts that every Sunday 1500th anniversary of the first papers may serve religion in school teacher should pay $1,000 translation of the Armenian other ways than by printing toward Christian work for the Bible, and Catholicos Khoren I, church notices. Said he: "Edi- privilege of teaching the Bible in of Armenia, has issued a call to tors, like many others, fre- any well organized Sun day all Armenians to celebrate this quently believe religion is more school. Here is his logic: It is important event. deeply concerned with the way worth $250 to acquire a pure people live than with their par- English vocabulary, such as any Disciples Take a Stand ticular beliefs. I believe that habitual Bible student will ac- newspapers serve the cause of quire. The habit of careful, Last August more than 800 religion when they strive for the systematic study is worth $250 Disciples, from all quarters of following objectives: more; and still another $250 the earth, joined with more than represents the value of prac- 1,200 members of the Churches 1. To fight for the maintenance of ticing the precepts of the Bible of Christ in Great Britain and constitutional rights of free worship which lengthens one's life. Fi- Ireland, to hold the second world and expression by commending inter- nally, $250 is owed by the convention of the Disciples of teacher who develops h i g h Christ in Leicester, England. moral ideals, consistent with ac- Resolutions adopted included ceptance of Bible teachings. declarations on race relations, peace and war, Italy and Abys- -United Church Record.

God, give us sense,-God-sense of life's new needs, A nd souls aflame with new-born chivalries- To cope with those black growths that foul the ways,- To cleanse our poisoned founts with God-born energies.

~====~~==========~~i~

I Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information The Foreign Mission Enterprise and quate message. (2) There are of nearly 100 years to work in Its Sincere Critics. By Cleland B. objections to the present mis- Asia and who delight to travel McAfee. 8 vo. 190 pp. $1.50. sionary enterprise and its rela- in unfrequented and dangerous Revell. New York. 1935. tion to governments and non- ways, among brigands, in peril, Christian cultures and religions, toil and pain, not merely for the The work of foreign missions the treatment of native converts thrill of new experiences but to and the churches on the field. pioneer for Christ. They are has been under fire from critics (3) Other criticisms relate to British members of the China ever since Jonah went to Nine- methods and results on the field, Inland Mission and two of them the use of non-Christian teach- have spent over a quarter of a veh. There are critics and ers, dependence on subsidies, re- century in northwest China and critics-those who object to the liance on governmental protec- the deserts of M 0 n g 0 I i a. tion, lack of unity and the few- "Through Jade Gate" has been claims of Christ and the Chris- ness and weakness of converts. likened to Homer's Odyssey. It tian message; those who claim (4) He considers other criti- is as fascinating as the voyage cisms relating to home boards, of Captain Cook. that non-Christian religions are overhead expense and complex good enough and that heathen machinery. Even well-informed, Anyone who enjoys adventurdo not want anything different; idealistic students of missions ous travels will have a thrill in may not always agree with Dr. reading these journals (1928 to those who criticize the mission- McAfee in his diagnosis and 1932). Those who are interary personnel, the expense, the remedies but every fair-minded, ested in carrying the Gospel of intelligent reader will be im- Christ to the uttermost parts of methods and the administration; pressed with the author's hon- the earth will find here stimulus others object to the unsatisfac- esty and Christian views in har- for faith and courage and loyalty mony with New Testament to Jesus Christ. tory results abroad or to the neg- ideals. Many of the points lect of "heathen" at home. There raised might be dealt with much Living Triumphantly. By Kirby are critics who see only faults more fully-such as the place of Page. 304 pages. $2.00. Farrar and are deaf and blind to all evi- evangelism, the dan g e r s of & Rinehart. New York. 1934. dence in favor of missions and "modernism," the objections to others who are friendly critics expensive institutionalism and This is the author's companion seeking only to improve per- the problems of union work- volume to "Living Creatively" but every candid critic who is a which the Hazen Foundation sonnel and methods and to bring believer in Christ and is in sym- ranked first among 436 books the work into closer harmony pathy with His mission in the considered as being the most with New Testament ideals. world will be greatly helped and helpful to college students on the encouraged by this statement of subject of religion. Dr. McAfee has studied mis- the unshakable foundations on sions at home and on the field which Christian missions rests The author's pur p 0 s e is for fifty years, as teacher, pas- as a victorious and divine enter- stated: "To be teamed-Up with tor, lecturer, traveler and execu- prise. God in seeking to banish pain tive secretary of the Presby- and strife and misery is the terian Board of Foreign Mis- A Desert Journal. By Evangeline highest privilege that can come sions. He does not claim that French, Mildred Cable and Fran- to any man." From an extensive the work is above criticism but cesca French. Illus. 12 mo. $2.00. tabulation of scientists he shows China Inland Mission. Philadelphia clearly that science has not as gives clear, frank and convinc- and Toronto. 1935. yet overthrown the spiritual ining answers to some of the criti- terpretation of the universe. cisms he has heard from men Adventure and physical en- durance are usually linked with With the thesis of his book and women who believe in Christ youth. Here are three elderly thoroughly established, the auand His Gospel but who object women who have given a total thor then proceeds to the followto the way the work is conducted. ing eight definite methods for The list of over fifty definite the transformation of personal- ity and society: criticisms is an evidence of the author's vital contacts wit h many conscientious objectors.

Among the criticisms are those that have to do with (1) the missionaries – their arrogance, their aims, their lack of understanding, defects of habits and character and their inade- Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[557 ]

1. Intensify the Vividness of the Ideal. sis of these great themes. He undertakes to point out some of 2. Probe to the Roots of the Present Economic Order. tells what are God's methods of its glories by comparing it to the producing in us purity of hearts, Grand Canyon. 3. Struggle to Supplant Capitalism. shows the difference between Such Grand Canyons he finds 4. Strive to Abolish War. 5. Refuse to Sanction or to Partici- "peace with God," and "the in different stages of history, as, pate in Any War Among Nations peace of God," and at the end, for example, in the life of our or Between Classes. he shows a sympathetic and ef- own nation, "which, in 1789, 6. Seek to Uproot Racial Enmity and kicked off England's heavy and fective understanding with sin- Exploitation. cere souls seeking more power. suffocating taxation covers and 7. Take Time for Worship.

8. Live with Joyous and Triumphant These blessed gifts of grace and cooed in a cradle oft rocked by Abandon. experiences of the truly saved, stormy winds."

The sections on "War" and are what are greatly needed in In twelve chapters rich in "Worship" are perhaps the best. pulpit and pew today. Grand Canyon phraseology, Dr.

Mr. Page points out that war is The language is beautifully Lee takes up the several verses not caused primarily by the clear, the paragraphs stand out of the chapter under considera- "fighting instinct" or by the so- like the lobes of an orange, and tion. One marvels at his rhecalled "mad-dog nation." Most the book is well printed with torical versatility and at the of his readers, however, will not large type. FRANK LUKENS. same time admires his loyalty to agree wi,th him that the first the Scriptures and the deep step toward peace is to "abolish A Grand Canyon of Resurrection evangelical fervor which perthe system of private property Realities. By Robert G. Lee, D.D., vades page after page of this exas the chief means of produc- LL.D. $1.00. 172 pp. Wm. B. traordinary book. Eerdmans Publishing Co., Grand J. R. S.

tion and distribution." A defi- Rapids, Mich. 1935. South China Folk. By Mary Brewster nite attack on capitalism is a distinct strain throughout the book. This book embodies the studies Hollister $1.25. 141 pp. Revell. The unique and most helpful of the twentieth chapter of New York. 1935. part of the volume is the an- John's Gospel by the eloquent Another book by Mrs. Hollisthology of one hundred daily pastor of the Bellevue Baptist ter! One hundred forty pages readings on the main thoughts Church, Memphis, Tenn. in good-sized type, full of the set forth in the early part of the Dr. Lee recognizes the human spirit as well as fact of the counbook. On the who I e, this limitation of thought and speech try always so warmly interthought – provoking discussion in any attempt to adequately preted by this author. Adults leaves one convinced that to live describe one of the great chap- will enjoy reading it with chiltriumphantly one must follow ters of the Word of God. BatHed dren and even young people will the brave and unselfish way of as he believes himself to be, he find excellent material here. HOWARD A. ADAIR. inquires, "Who, by word and by There is the frequent sparkle of Christ. pen, by sermon and by song, by Chinese humor, the steadiness The Sufficiency of the Cross. By W. painting and by philosophy, can of patience, the pathos of aspira- W. Marlin. 12 mo. 1s. net. Pick- explore all the corners of this ering & Inglis, London. 1935. vast continent of Scripture? One tion, and a delightful sketching of personalities. One regrets These are Keswick addresses, had as well hope to haul to the that the first two chapters are therefore they are sure to be threshing machines in a wheel- quite unconnected with the rest biblical, searching and convert- barrow in one day all the wheat of the book though there is, in ing. Let every reader give trib- grown on a Kansas prairie as to Chapter 2, definite background ute to the mighty effort of Kes- expect to place within the limits for the ensuing story. The book wick, like the springs in the hills, of one book all the marvelous is neither profound nor great; upon the finest Christian life of truths of this chapter. One had there are rather too many Chi- England, A mer i c a, and the as wisely expect to put in a one- nese expressions and also too world – for over fifty years. acre garden all the flowers that much repetition of religious These addresses embody truths bloom in America as to expect phrases, but the interest is lively, which have become increasingly to write with pen and print on the pictures vivid and the imreal to the author and have paper an adequate description of pression fully worth the couple brought peace and power to all the glorious truths in this of hours spent in reading. The many. chapter. One had as well hope coming of light into a far-off vil- The four chapters concern to put all the diamonds and lage simply through a little girl four truths that are like stars of rubies in the world in the and the innkeeper's wife, with the first magnitude. "Pardon thimble of a seamstress as to ex- the help of a mission school in a through the Blood of the Cross," pect to give in anyone book an neighboring city, and some and then "Purity," "Peace," and adequate appraisal of all the friendly cooperation, convince "Power," also through the blood. Scriptural wealth of this chap- the innkeeper that he was right This is not present-day specula- ter." However, though confess- when he said, "We obey the tion, but exposition. The author ing that his "mental tent can Heaven-Father, and then He marched calmly and confidently cover only a small corner of this will bless us." through his illuminating analy- vast scriptural continent," he MARY W. HUMPHREY HADLEY.

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

The Use of Material from China's lowship in the consciousness of the ineffective humanism of Spiritual Inheritance in the Chris- pardoned sin, imparted life and their long history. tian Education of Chinese Youth. perfect provision. By Warren Horton Stuart, Ph.D., Limits of space do not permit Kwang Hsueh Publishing House, That more use than in the of detailed specifications. Shanghai. 1932. $2.50. past should be made of China's great ethical inheritance – per- C. H. FENN. The book is a dissertation presented at Yale University for haps the greatest in the world Hot Hearted. By F. I. Codrington. the degree of Doctor of Philos- apart from Christianity-and of Illus. 12 mo. 111 pp. 2 8. Church ophy, the theme having been what she possesses of the spir- of England Z. M.. S. London. 1935. itual in her early, unique, simple chosen with a definite purpose worship of a personal Heaven, Christ offers to women the' to provide "a guide and source greatest hope for liberty and ad.. book for Christian teachers in and in her emphasis on a benev- vancement. Moslem, H i n d u , China." As a "source book," olence among men which some- Buddhist and pagan women have times approaches the Christian little to hope for in this world or Dr. R. S. Smith, of Yale, says idea of Love, is certainly true, the next. Here we have eight truly, in his Introduction, "Dr. stories that show what Christ and Dr. Stuart's dissertation has done for Chinese women and Stuart has brought to his task a should serve a very useful pur- how Christian faith and life are brilliant and ingenious mind and pose in that regard, both in the helping to bring about new and the competence of a well-trained better social conditions. Mrs. hands of the Christian teacher, Ahok, a little Chinese lady of scholar and workman." Born Chinese or foreign, and in those rank, a Christian with "lily feet," and bred in China and for years of the intelligent seeker after came to England in 1890 to plead a missionary, he possesses spe- Truth. The Chi n e s e unac- for her sisters in China who were cial equipment for the task, evi- quainted with English, however, still "under the power of the idols," Mrs. Chitnio Ling was a dently a labor of love. As a will be in less danger than the Chinese girl, born in a heathen "guide," however, one's com- English reader of the book, of family, who attended the Chinese mendation of Dr. Stuart's work drawing the conclusion that, in Girls' School in Singapore and then went to China as a Christian must reluctantly be tempered her "Three Religions," China al- missionary. They are all inspirwith the caution that a sym- ready possesses so nearly all ing sketches that reveal the purpathetic translator from a for- that Christianity offers, that he pose and power of the Gospel of eign tongue, with a theory to Christ. may content himself with what demonstrate, rarely avoids an his own inheritance affords and Ethical Issues Confronting World unconscious reading into his leave to the West its own spir- Christians. By Daniel Johnson texts of more than they were Fleming. 273 pages and an Index. itual inheritance. As a matter Price, $2.00. The International ever intended to express. "With of fact, there never was a time Missionary Council, 156 Fifth Avebut little persuasion," Dr. Stuart when thinking Chinese were less nue, New York, N. Y. "would fain make Christians" satisfied than today with their own "spiritual inheritance." This is a carefully written and out of Confucius, Lao c ius fairly exhaustive treatment of (Laotze), Mencius, and espe- Some of the most intelligent some great problems. Certainly Christian leaders are urging the Christian of today, in the cially Micius (Motze). He has new missionaries not to give light not only of the melting of gathered together a remarkable geographical barriers because of much time to the study of modern communications but also collection of quotations from all because of the Great Commisthe Chinese sages and philos- China's old man-developed reli- sion, must have a world outlook. ophers, ancient, medireval and gions and philosophies, when And the issues discussed by Dr. modern, to exhibit the "Chris- China's need for the presenta- Fleming are timely. Christians, especially those in administratian values in Native Experi- tion of a God-revealed secret of tive positions in the church, are ences," and "Units of Indigenous a new life is so pressing, and the now unavoidably confronted Moral and Religious Literature," with the ethics of soliciting need for its general understand- funds, of the acceptance of as a wonderful "Spiritual In- ing and acceptance is so widely armed protection by missionheritance" which China herself felt. Dr. Stuart's purpose to aries, the population problem, has contributed as a foundation "indigenize the religion of Christ the meaning of true religious lib- erty, and similar questions. to the Christian education of in China" is manifestly sincere her own youth. To much of it and truly laudable, and his com- Dr. Fleming faces these issues we may, with the author, attrib- squarely, making a genuine efute a "high ethical and spiritual pendium of quotations forms a fort to grapple with difficult quality," the ethical, however, most valuable book of reference; problems, and at the same time one's only fear being that its standing far higher than the spiritual, because even the prim- use as a textbook in Christian Schools in China may lead some itive monotheism of Chi n a to accept the shadow for the subposited no infinite Creator, no stance, to look upon Christ as absolutely holy and righteous merely a wiser sage, a mor~ per- Ruler, no perfectly loving Fa- fect pattern, acceptance of whom as such constitutes the whole of ther, no sacrificial Redeemer, Christianity, thus condemning with whom the common man and woman, as well as the sage and themselves to little more than emperor, may enjoy eternal fel-

endeavoring to preserve a fair noncoercion on the left . . . ,vio- Evangelical Christian missions impartiality of s tat em e n t. lence has long been the weapon will first cho.ose the "vague" Moreover, there are some things of conservatism." project of preaching the Gospel, in the book that will search the This is only one example of the not forgetting the field mice as a heart of any thoughtful reader, extreme difficulty of maintaining subsidiary activity. whether he is conservative or detachment when writing upon There is, finally, one great inliberal in religious outlook. Par- the ethics of great economic, po- adequacy in this volume and the ticularly strong in this respect litical, and religious issues. In- school of thought it represents. is the section (beginning on deed inconsistency is inevitable The whole discussion proceeds page 117) regarding individual as in the case of Dr. Fleming's on an extrascriptural basis. Ocresponsibility for the use of references to "tainted money" casionally there is a fair statemoney. "We vote," writes Dr. and his citation of cases where ment of the Evangelical point of Fleming, "with our doll a r s. certain gifts were refused be- view, as on pages 80 to 82, but Every expenditure is voting for cause of scruples regarding their the whole book is almost devoid the character and quantity of source. Yet he frequently and of references to the Bible. Much goods that are to be produced; with seeming approval relies is made of missionary planning and the proportion saved by the upon the Layman's Foreign Mis- and statesmanship, we miss the purchase of simple goods in or- sions Report and the Rockefeller references to the essentiality of der to help various measures of Foundation for impressive ref- prayer in finding a solution to uplift is a measure of the inten- erences. One is tempted to ask, great ethical issues. Does the sity of one's vote for human re- "Were the Standard Oil millions Word of God have nothing to lief and reconciliation. . . . Love amassed in accordance wit h say about the problems which which expresses itself in philan- Christian ethics? To what de- Dr. Fleming treats? If the book thropy without revealing itself gree do such funds represent a leaves the reader with an imin sacrifice finds difficulty in be- 'tainted' background?" ing either creative or redemp- pression of inconclusiveness, it tive." From another point of view, is because it represents a purely In his treatment of Economic one notes that Dr. Fleming's human endeavor to face issues Reconstruction, Dr. Fleming oc- most effective cases of nobility on which God has something au- of conscience regarding the casionally lapses into what would indemnity question are drawn thoritative to say in the Person appear to be an uncritical admiration for communism. To from the experience of the of Christ and in the Book from one who recalls that, according China Inland Mission, a funda- mentalist mission of reactionary which all Christian ethics are to reliable figures, the Red attitude measured by standards regime in Russia has been in- of the Layman's Report, yet in drawn. FRANK E. GAEBELEIN. 'these instances acting in accord strumental in the slaughter of with the most advanced social Lowell and Abigail. A Realistic Idyll. about 11,000,000 human beings, By Mary Dillingham Frear. Illus. the unspeakable persecution of S vo. 325 pp. Privately printed. New Haven. 1934.

Hawaii (The Sandwich Is- countless others (cf. Tcherna- conscience. lands) , the land of beauty and of vin's "I Speak for the Silent"), Other examples chosen by the romance, furnishes the scene of the erection of a system of mili- author are less con v inc i n g. this life story of Rev. Lowell taristic tyranny, and in addition, Those who believe that the Gos- Smith and his wife, Abigail, a recognized sub rosa propa- pel is still "the power of God early missionaries of the Ameriganda for the overthrow of for- unto salvation" and that the can Board. The period covered eign governments, these sen- world needs to be converted, is 1809 to 1891 and the material tences cause some won d e r : will, if they are not too deeply is gathered from journals and "There are bounds beyond which distressed, have to suppress a letters, with additional not e s a foreigner may not go in advo- smile on reading page 40, where from their daughter, Mrs. B. F. cating changes in another cul- Dr. Fleming frankly says that Dillingham. It is first hand doc- ture or in an alien system. Some "the conversion of the world," umentary evidence of the spirit, might be willing to risk death in "preaching the Gospel to the purpose and power of the pioneer the same way as have the com- most degraded, neglected and missionaries – b e aut i full y munists whose martyrs number despised people," "the establish- printed, well illustrated and with into the thousands. It is moving ment and development of an in- a full index. Much is of personal to read the simple unadorned digenous church," these aims family interest rather than of sentences with which a commu- "are too comprehensive or vague general importance but the story nist manual for 'Calls' in China to be called projects" for the use has a fascination, human inter- lays down the duty of a party of foreign money in missions: est and a message for every member to give up his own life As an example of a missionary friend of missions and every when called upon to do so. Out- project he proposes the distribu- lover of God and man. Many fa- doing the communists may in- tion of poisoned grain in twelve mous people and events, as well volve just such a risk…. From villages to combat a scourge of as information about Hawaii and one standpoint the use of vio- field mice. Preaching the Gos- its people, find a place in the rec- lence belongs on the right and pel vs. exterminating field mice! ords.

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cents paper; 40 cents cloth. Bap- Directory of Protestant Missions- Mrs. Margaret Weaver Beahm tiBtSunday School Board. Nash- 1935. $1.50. Kwang Hsueh Pub. Denning, wife of the Rev. J. O. Denville, Tenn. House. Shanghai. ning, retired Methodist missionary to India, died at her home at Pacific D. . Over Samarkand: The Rebirth Education in Fiji. Cecil W. Mann. Palisades, California, on August 16. . of Central Asia. Joshua Kunitz. 138 pp. 6s. Oxford University The Dennings served in India from 848 pp. $8.00. Covici, Friede. ,Press, London; University Press, 1890 to 1926, being stationed for va- New York. . Melbourne, Australia. rious periods at Poona, Muzzafarpur, :traq: From Mandate to Independ- India's Womanhood: Forty Years' Gondha, Allahabad, and Ootacamund. ence. E. Main. 267 pp. 16s. Work at Ludhiana. Christine I. Mrs. Denning led in evangelistic and Tinling. 119 pp. Is. 6d. and 2s. 6d. educational work for women, and as- . ,;,',,.Ulen" Unwin. London. R. T. S. London. sisted her husband in organizing the The Land and Life of Africa. Mar- first Epworth League in India. She God and the African in Kenya. H. was national secretary, and for ten p!'¢. Wrong. Illustrated. 144 pp. R. A. Philp. Illustrated. 189 pp. years national president of the India 28. Edinburgh House Press. Lon- 2s. 6d. Marshall, Morgan ~ Scott. W. C. T. U., and for three years was ton; London. international superintendent of the Department of Prison Visiting and From Fetish to Faith: The Growth The Meaning of Shinto. J. W. T. Reformation. She wrote "Mosaics Mason. 252 pp. $2.50. Dutton. from India," "The House Beautiful," :of til" Church in West Africa; W. "Short Poems," and "Dainty Cookery J; Platt. 159 pp. 2s. Edinburgh for the Home." Mrs. Denning Souse Preu. London. New York.

was born in Harrisburg, Pa., TWO SCOFIELD REFERENCE BIBLE SPECIALS October 17, 1856, and attended Illinois Wesleyan University. Robert R*. S*erv*ice, regional secretary of the Young Men's Indil Piper Edition, Lelther Cover Christian Association for Shan- 33X. This superb Scofield Bible, leather bound, on genuine Oxford India tung Province, China, and a sec- paper, at the lowest price ever offered. All who have seen this book have retary of the International Com- been delighted, and have asked, "How can you sell so fine a volume at such a mittee of the Y. M. C. A. for low price 1" Contains all the wonderful helps for which the Scofield Reference twenty-nine years, died sud- Bible is famous. Pocket size 6~ inches by denly in Shanghai on Septem- 4U inches, 1116 inch thick, weighing only ber 29. Mr. Service went to . Specimen of 7Ype 14 And-tbe–~ord was-made 16 ounces. Only $5.00. China for the Y. M. C. A. in fbleesbhd.danhdisdl1woerlyt;a.&meon1g10u1sY. a(sanodf twhee W·Ith I.mproved 1. 0dex, 50c extra. 1906 and did pioneer work in Name stamped in gold, 50c extra. Chengtu for fifteen years. Later he went to Shanghai to join the national staff and served as re- Popullr $1.25 Edition gional secretary for Western 30. This is the lowest priced Scofield edition ever made, but contains the China. For the last year Mr. earne complete unabridged helps as the most expensive. Clearly printed on Service had been assigned to the excellent paper, and strongly bound. An excellent volume for pew use, Bible Chinese International Famine classes, and for the study table. Relief Commission, located in Shanghai. He retained, how- Cloth board binding, size 7×4~ inches. Only $1.25. ever, his post as secretary of the Shangtung region. REVIEW OF THE WORLD, Third and Reily Sts., Haul.burs, Pa.

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The Missionary Review of the World — February 1934

1934

The Red Man Speaks Coe Hayne The South American Crisis John A. Mackay Egypt—What Price Progress Charles R. Watson Preaching and Practicing in Africa Mrs. John M. Springer Buddhist Priest to Christian Witness Albertus A. Pieters An Experiment in Christian Friendliness Mrs. Edwin H. Kinney

to Remember Ceylon, died December 18, at his home If you

in West Medway, Mass., in his 80th January Z3-February 17-Annual Cor- year. PRINTING nell School for Missionaries, Cor- nell University, Ithaca, N. Y. Professor Hitchcock first went to YOU will profit from an ac- Ceylon in 1880 as a tutor at J affna quaintanceship with us. We February 4-8-Founder's Week Con- College, Vaddukoddai, was later given do the job complete in our own ference, Moody Bible Institute, Chi- life appointment under the Board, plant, whether it be large or cago, Ill. and placed on the retired Roll of Hon- small. or in 1925. He is survived by his wife February 7-17-International Council and three sons. While our specialty is Books, of Religious Education. Chicago, Maga:dnes and Pamphlets, yet Ill. * … .. we have a variety of modern equipment to meet all the re- February 8, 3 p. m.-Annual meeting Mrs. Adaline S. Ashe, a Presbyte- quirements of your particular of the MISSlONARY REVIEW OF THE rian missionary in Chosen since 1922, job. You will find our service WORLD, 156 Fifth Ave., New York. died in Butler, Pa., Dec. 13. She had prompt, careful and courteous. returned to this country last May on February 16-World Day of Prayer. health furlough. In 1922 Mrs. Ashe Will you allow us to estimate became matron in the school for for- on your next printing ? We be- February ZO-ZI-Committee of Refer- eign children at Pyengyang. She al- lieve you will be delighted with ence and Counsel, Foreign Missions so taught music to Korean women in our product, price and service. Conference. New York. a large class and in the mission's Bi- ble Institute at Pyengyang. The EVANGELICAL PRESS March 8-IO-Medical Missions Con- ference under the auspices of the * … … Printer. of Medical Committee of the Commit- The Mi..ionary Review of the W ….ld tee of Reference and Counsel. New The Rt. Rev. Joseph Lofthouse, a York. pioneer missionary of Northern Can- PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE ada and former Bishop of Keewatin, Third end Reily Str.ets Harrisburg, P•• April 3-5 – Federal C 0 u n c i I of died December 15th at his home in Churches, Department of Evan- South Devon on his 78th birthday. Campbell of Germantown, and they gelism. Columbus, Ohio. sailed for India that same year. In 1900 Bishop Lofthouse traveled April Z6-May 7-General Conference, 7,000 miles, including 5,000 by canoe Dr. Orbison's first station was at Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and snowshoes, when he went on the Lahore, where he became a professor Jackson, Miss. expedition sent by the Canadian Gov- in Forman Christian College, of which ernment to survey the country be- later he became vice-principal. For FLORIDA CHAIN OF MISSIONARY tween the Great Slave Lake and Bak- several years he was president of the AsSEMBLIES er Lake. Born in Yorkshire, he went Lahore Y. M. C. A. to Canada in 1882 and was sent to January Z8-31-Palm Beaches. Moosonee, the following year. He re- … * … February l-Z-Bradenton. tired in 1920 and returned to Eng- February l-Z-Ft. Myers. land. Bishop Lofthouse wrote "A Dr. T. L. Scott, for sixty years a February 3-9-St. Petersburg. Thousand Miles from a Postoffice." missionary of the United Presbyte- February 4-6-Clearwater. rian Church in India, died in Gujran- February 7-11-Tampa. … … … wala on January 4 at the age of February 11-13-Gainsville. eighty-seven. He was a versatile mis- February 13-15-Jacksonville. The Rev. Dr. Leander Whitcomb sionary, having served as a senior Munhall, noted Methodist evangelist, professor in the Theological Seminary, Obituary Notes died in Philadelphia on January 7 superintendent of buildings, publish- at the age of ninety-one. He was ing a Commentary in Urdu on the The Rev. Franklin F. Fry, D.O•• born in Zanesville, Ohio, served Old Testament, and at the age of throughout the Civil War with the eighty-seven being in charge of a Executive Secretary of the Board of Federal Army, and began evangelistic school for boys. American Missions of the United work in the Methodist Episcopal Lutheran Church, died suddenly of Church in 1874. For half a century Ten Ways to Fill Mission Boxes heart attack in New York City on De- he preached in all parts of North cember 13th. Dr. Fry was born in America and was intimately asso- 1. Self-denial-offering part of in- Carlisle, Pa., on. November 1, 1864, ciated with the late Dwight L. Moody come or earnings; price of enand was graduated from Muhlenberg and other evangelists. tertainment or other luxury; College and the Lutheran Seminary, saving carfare or auto ride. Philadelphia. After occupying pas- … … … 2. Selling missionary books or magatorates in Bethlehem and Rochester, Samuel R. Boggs, former President zines. he became Secretary of the Mission of the Gideons of North America, a Board in 1927. He was a delegate to member of the Boards of the Africa 3. Selling household necessities-can the Lutheran World Congress in Ger- Inland Mission, the New Guinea Evan- openers, waxed paper, vanilla, many in 1923 and was an effective gelization Society and of the Eastern brushes, kitchen utensils. worker in home mission circles-in- State Penitentiary Board of Trustees, cluding the Executive Committee of died suddenly of heart failure at his 4. Baked goods sales. the Home Missions Council. home in Melrose Park, Pa., on Jan- 5. Getting orders for Easter plants uary 4. Mr. Boggs was born in Phil- … * … adelphia in 1872 and was president of or flowers. (Many florists pay the Model Mills (Carpet) Co., but de- commissions. ) BiShop Apolo Kivebulaya, mission- voted much of his time to Christian 6. Cutting lawns, gardening. work with prisoners, young people 7. Cleaning brass and silver. ary to the pigmy race of Africa's 8. Caring for children while parents and business me…n. … … are busy. forests, a successor of Bishop Crow- 9. Errand service, marketing. ther, died on May 30. The courage of The Rev. John Harris Orbison, 10. Free-will offerings. M.D., for nearly half a century a misthe early martyrs in the days of sionary under the Presbyterian Board Alexander Mackay led him to become of Foreign Missions, died suddenly on Jan. 4 at Hoshiarpur, India. He was a Christian, and he became known born seventy-four years ago of misthroughout Uganda as a saintly sionary parents at Rawalpindi, India, attended schools in the United States, leader. … * … was graduated from Princeton in 1879, and from the Medical College William E. Hitchcock, for 40 years of the University of Pennsylvania in under the American Board of Com- 1886. He married Miss Lillie E. missioners for Foreign Missions in

MISSIONARY "Concerning the January issue of If the

REVIEW OF THE WORLD the REVIEW. The articles are so help- calls you East DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor of Suez … sail ful and interesting that I think I shall VOL. LVII FEB., 1934 No.2 subscribe for a copy to be sent to my Publication and Business Office home regularly as well as the one we Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. receive here at the office. The article Editorial and Executive Office by Miss Picken is stirring and very 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City gratifying." REV. A. C. SNEAD, Entered as second-class matter at Foreign Secretary, Christian and Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act Missionary Alliance, New York. of March 3, 1879. "I will not renew my subscription. 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. …… I am tired of the way you put in modernists…… I do not care to Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. read anything by……or…… Clear out of Sodom and Gomorrah!" Published monthly, except August. All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. C. C. S.

MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- North Carolina. LISHING CO., INC. "I allowed my subscription to ex- BOARD OF DIRECTORS pire but, having been a subscriber for 41 years, I am lost without it. I en- ROBERT E. SPEER, President close check for subscription and would WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President like to have it retroactive to the time WALTER MCDOUGALL, Treasurer my subscription expired." DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT REV. A. C. DOUGLAS, MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WM. B. LIPPHARD United Presbyterian Church, ERIC M. NORTH San Francisco, Calif. MILTON T. STAUFFER A. L. W ARNSHUIS "For some time I have been wish- THE ROUTE PREFERRED SAMUEL M. ZWEMER ing to drop you a line in regard to SINCE 18401 Editorial Chat what I consider the greatest mission- Cross Cunard to England. The missionary outlook is, we be- and embark at London in a great lieve, more encouraging than the ary magazine published – THE MIS- ship of this Line that traditionfinancial. The Foreign Missions Con- ally and for nearly a century has ference, the Home Missions Council SIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD ….. . carried the vanguard of the and the Mission Boards are being Church eastward to all the lands stirred up anew to more prayer, to Single articles in the December and beyond Suez. P & 0 Liners, of greater sacrifice, to increased em- January numbers are well worth the transatlantic size and comfort, phasis on evangelism and to the need stand for the Progress ofthe West for educating the Church and the subscription price for the year. Had in scores of tropic ports and teemyouth on Christian faith and life. ing harhours of the Indian Ocean Read the "Topics of the Times" on I the money I would put the magazine and the Pacific. Natives measure the recent forward looking confer- time by their swift and sure ences. in the hands of every pastor in our arrival. Low rates and new, fast, church and every missionary on the luxurious ships make the voya ge *** an exceptional value. field." FREDERICK G. COAN, The Florida Chain of Missionary Assemblies has begun with greater Formerly of Persia. prospects of success in arousing new interest in the work of God through- Personal Items Regular sailings from London, out the world. A new series of United Gibraltar and Marseilles to India, Foreign Missionary meetings is to be Dr. E. S·tanley Jones, who has been Ceylon, Burma, Straits Settlestarted this spring with a strong in America since last February, ments, China, Japan, Australia, group of speakers. Home mission speaking and holding Round Table New Zealand, Egypt, Sudan, groups are considering a similar move. United Missionary Conferences in Persian Gulf, East and South Plans are under way to conduct a many cities from the Atlantic to the Africa, etc. more systematic campaign for the Pacific, is returning to India on education of the Church and the ris- March 1, by way of England, Hol- Complete information from ing generation. land, Scandinavia, Russia and Tur- You, Local Agent or key. *** ~UNARD~LINE *** All this points to the need for a GENERAL AGENTSNew York wider circulation for THE REVIEW. Dr. Adolph Keller of Geneva, 25 Broadway It is evangelical, and evangelistic in Switzerland, Director of the Central its emphasis and convictions; it is Bureau for the Relief of Evangelical world-wide in its outlook, interdenom- Churches of Europe, has recently deinational in spirit but stands true to livered the Stone Lectures at Princefaith in Christ as the only Saviour ton Theological Seminary, and has and the Bible as God's revealed and conferred with many leaders to ininfallible word. terpret developments in European Protestantism. Will you help spread the knowledge of human need for the Divine Saviour *** and the news of God's work in the world today? Here are quotations Ethan T. Colton, formerly Foreign from letters to show what some of Department Secretary of the Internaour readers think. Not all are of one tional Committee of the Y. M. C. A., mind. has made a personal study of condi- tions in Europe. He is now giving lectures in various cities on outstand- ing world problems, with such topics a~"Where Is Germany Going-and Why?" "Is the Soviet Union Heading for War or Peace?" "Why There Is No God in the Communist's World."

(Concluded on Third Cover.) [65 ]

A MOSLEM PILGRIM'S RECORD OF HIS MERIT-MAKING TRIP TO

H!s wall is decorated with drawings of his home town mosque, Mecca Mosque, quotations from the Koran; boats, dogs, geese, camel and other objects met on the pilgrimage.

EGYPTIAN STUDENTS AT THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY AT CAIRO Here the students learn other ways of making merit and of using science to make their lives count for service.

MOSLEM RELIGION AND MODERN SCIENCE IN EGYPT (See page 71)

NARY

REVIB 'ORLD VOLUME LVII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER Two FEBRUARY, 1934 Topics of the Times A FORWARD LOOKING CONFERENCE Communism, Fascism and the ethnic faiths in the In spite of reduced incomes, increasing deficits light of Christianity. It is of great importance to and large cuts in budgets, the annual Foreign Christian missions that correct jUdgments shall Missions Conference at Garden City (January be formed. The Laymen's Commission Report 3-5) was forward looking, upward looking and has divided the Church. The need today is for a full of encouragement. It was marked by the forward movement based on living faith in Christ union of the Federation of Woman's Boards of and on sacrificial service. People today are deeply Foreign Missions with the Foreign Missions Con- interested in the putting of Christ's teaching into ference to form one body, after over thirty years practice by the realization of Christian ideals of of separate activity. The conference was pre- peace, right race relationships, social justice and sided over by Dr. Wm. 1. Chamberlain, Secretary economic improvement.

of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed The conference-which represents the leading Church in America. The president elected for the foreign mission agencies of the United States and coming year is Mrs. Thomas Nicholson, President Canada-revealed its sympathy with efforts to of the Woman's Board of Foreign Missions of the reduce overlapping to a minimum on the mission Methodist Episcopal Church. fields; to unite the institutions serving the same Some of the important topics that received the territory in the same field; to allow missionaries chief attention at the conference were: to concentrate on the tasks for which they are best fitted; to send out the best equipped mis- (1) How to promote more effective cooperation sionaries possible; and to cut down to the miniat home and abroad; (2) how to bring expendi- mum overhead expense at home. The need of the tures within a constantly decreasing income; hour is to bend all our united energies to making (3) and how to plan the work for the next five effective the redemptive work of Christ. Men years so as to make it more effective on a cur- everywhere are looking to see if there is power in tailed budget.

Dr. E. Stanley Jones gave the opening address Christianity to save individuals and to save soon January 3 (his 50th birthday), speaking on ciety. Jesus Christ has the power to solve our "The Present Attitude in America Toward For- problems, to purify society and to establish peace eign Missions." As a result of his recent mis- and justice on earth.

sionary tour in forty cities and his round table The outstanding paper of the conference was conferences with church leaders he reported that by Dr. Charles R. Watson, President of the Amerwhile he had come back to America expecting to ican University in Cairo, on "New World Condi- face discouragement, he returns to India greatly tions, a Challenge to Changes in Missionary Poliencouraged at the evidence of vitality in the cies." A digest of this paper will appear in a Church and the deep interest in the foreign mis- later- issue. Dr. Watson pointed out the necessity sionary movement. Five years ago the principal for recasting the missionary program for the next topic of discussion in religious circles was "Fun- five years in view of the present diminished indamentalism vs. Modernism." Now the battle comes. He advised that boards, missions and seems to have moved on from a theological or national Christians cooperate in finding a soludoctrinal basis to consider the nature and value of tion by united study and united action. Increas- [ 67]

ing nationalism has brought many difficulties and (4) To assist in providing institutions and service for curtailment of religious liberty. Our missionary the handicapped and under-privileged. . . . methods must be made more spiritual and added responsibility must be put on the younger (5) To bring the Christian impulse to bear upon the churches. The youth of today call for practical social and civic questions of the ·day. evidence of truth. They must be invited to share in shaping future policies and in the responsibili- The first period of home mission achievement, ties of leadership. Jesus Christ must have first as described by Dr. A. W. Beaven, was chiefly place in our life at home and on the mission field. concerned with pioneer work, giving the Gospel Not only is the future of foreign missions at stake of Christ to new settlements and unevangelized but the future of our whole Christian program. areas. The second period was largely devoted to The price of progress is faith in the work and the building and strengthening of churches, power of Jesus Christ, shown by sacrificial serv~ schools and other Christian institutions. The ice in following Him to the uttermost. period now before us should emphasize the mak- ing of Christian life more effective in personal, The conference favored the suggestion that economic and civic affairs and to bring about united conferences of board, mission and church larger cooperation in our common tasks as disrepresentatives be called on various fields-such ciples of Christ. as the Congo, Japan, the Philippines and various districts of China and India-to settle missionary "Home Missions Today and Tomorrow" repays policies for those fields. The first step was taken study and reveals the diversified character, the in planning for such a conference in the Belgian magnitude and the importance of home missions. Congo in June with Dr. John R. Mott and such The progress made is encouraging; while the ter- Board representatives as can be present. ritory yet to be possessed is not so large as for- merly, the problems to be solved are immense and The present difficult situation may lead to bless~ challenging. Thousands of American Indians ing if we learn to go· forward under the leader- are still unevangelized, many mountainous, rural ship of Christ, using our resources of men and and urban districts are still under-privileged, and money, of mind and heart and spirit, to bring the many phases of American life show little eviliving Christ and His Gospel to all men. dence of the impress of Christian principles and the power of the living, reigning Christ. One of the most fruitful features of the con~ ference was the daily devotional period by Dr. The work of home missions is far from com- Richard Roberts of Toronto. "We do not need a pleted. As was remarked by one speaker, "The new philosophy of foreign missions," he declared, problems are difficult but allY difficult situation "but we need a new obedience to the old impera~ may be used as an excuse for quitting or may be tive of Jesus Christ. . . . The Church must be looked upon asa challenge to undertake it couthe continued incarnation of Christ." rageously and to go forward to victory in the name and power of the living Christ." THE NEXT STEPS IN HOME MISSIONS The Committee on Review and Forecast pre- The twenty-sixth annual meeting of the Home sented the following suggestions for an advance in Missions Council and the Council of Women for program: Home Missions was chiefly occupied with the report of the Committee on Review and Forecast 1. To make a determined effort to complete the occuthat presented its findings in a volume entitled pancy of the home missiQn field. "Home Missions Today and Tomorrow." This report, unlike the Laymen's Inquiry, does not seek 2. To face conscientiously the problem of eliminating to recast the theological basis or to revise the chief duplication and competition in Christian work. aim of the home mission task but studies the achievements of the past hundred years and sug~ 3. To take steps to increase interdenominational coopgests the next steps to be taken. eration so as to complete the home mission task more speedily and effectively. The main objectives on home missions is stated to be: 4. To make new surveys of the field and to follow up those already made so as to bring the facts to light, to (1) To win men and women to Christ, tQ unite them meet the needs of each field, and to recognize the changed with other disciples in the fellowship of the Christian conditions that require new methods. Church and to educate them for worship and for service at home and abroad. . . . 5. To make the home mission administration more effec- tive, the quality of the personnel more adequate for new (2) To make the Church and its ministry available tQ tasks, and the spiritual standards of work higher. those sections of America which lack its ministry. 6. To bring the church of today and the youth, who will (3) TQ supply adequate Church leadership. . . . be the leaders of tomorrow, to recognize the challenge of the task and to enlist in the work more enthusiastically and sacrificially.

Joint committees of the two Councils will take up the responsibility of a further study of these projects so as to carry them forward to comple- tion.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF CHURCH Twenty-five years ago the Protestant churches could not COOPERATION have used unitedly a great new force like radio. Today, a nation-wide network of stations broadcasts every week, The Federal Council of Churches of Christ in from coast to coast, eleven programs sponsored by the Fed- America celebrated its twenty-fifth anniversary eral Council. in Washington, D. C., on December 6th and 7th when President Roosevelt delivered an address Twenty-five years ago there was no way of expressing on the social idealism of early Christianity, which the collective Christian conscience on social problems. challenged the pagan ethics of Greece and Rome. Today the statement of "Social Ideals," as revised and He declared that the time has come to "challenge expanded last year, constitutes the most widely recognized the pagan ethics that are represented in many platform of Christian social effort, and the Council is recphases of our boasted modern civilization." He ognized as one of the forces working for social justice and pointed out the dominance of "greed" in our eco- international peace. nomic life and the resurgence of lynch law and other evils. He declared that "the churches are Before the formation of the Federal Council there was the greatest influence in this world to overcome no general organization for rallying church influence the present tendency toward greed." against racial prejudice or in behalf of mutual under- standing., Today the Federal Council is engaged in a The Rev. Albert W. Beaven, D.D., President of campaign against lynching, a campaign which recent the Federal Council, gave his views as to the sig- events show to be necessary; unjust racial discrimination nificance of the Council for the religious life of in our economic and civic life. America and the world, showing how through the Federal Council great values of unity are being It is impossible even to list all the other achievements increasingly secured without the sacrifice of right- brought about by church cooperation through the Federal ful freedom. The moral and spiritual needs which Council, but they have been important and far-reaching. the Church must meet today include the menace It offers an agency through which we can achieve things of competitive armaments and the exploitation of which no one communion would attempt alone, and it great numbers of the people for private gain. Dr. makes for a clear and unified message. Beaven declared that the nation needs "a free and courageous pulpit and an unfettered Church, that At this anniversary the discussions of contem- porary problems were built around the following it may have the advantage of such insights as may seven questions, which are related to both the be given to those who ask counsel of Almighty spiritual and the economic or social problems: God and seek to bring into human relations those enduring principles which are revealed in Jesus 1. What is required for a spiritual advance in the Christ." Moral and spiritual values are the foun- relation of the churches to world peace? dation of society. All too easily men have fallen down to worship the gods of gold, to admit that 2. What can we learn from the struggle for spiritonly in profit can we find such forces as will enable ual freedom in German Protestantism? us to make our machinery operate. Now in a dazed fashion we have awaked to find that the 3. What is required for a spiritual advance in the very temples of our selfishness come crashing relation of the churches to the liquor probabout our heads. We are discovering that it is lem? morally and economically true that righteousness exalteth a nation, and that sin is a reproach to any 4. What is required for a spiritual advance in the people. As Dr. Beaven pointed out- relation of the churches to the economic crisis?

During the past twenty-five years tremendous strides 5. What is required for a spiritual advance in the have been made in eliminating weaknesses, in achieving in- relation of the churches to the race problem? fluence, and in directing the combined force of Protestantism toward wholesome ends. Twenty-five years ago denom- 6. What is required for a spiritual advance in the inations rarely conferred with each other; the Federal relation of the churches to labor? Council includes twenty-five denominations of North America and there are federations of churches in nearly 7. Why is fuller cooperation essential to spiritual fifty major cities, and councils of churches in seventeen advance? states. The Hon. Henry A. Wallace, Secretary of Agri- Twenty-five years ago there was no world-wide organi- culture, gave a most impressive address on zation of Protestantism binding the churches of different "Statesmanship and Religion," pleading for nations together; today, as a result of the work of the "changed hearts" as the only ultimate cure of our Federal Council and the World Alliance for International economic situation. Ministers and teachers must Friendship, cooperating with the Christian forces of eagerly seek to make unselfish hearts eager and Europe. The new spirit of international cooperation willing to serve the common good, while others in among the churches culminated in the formation of the public life develop the changed social machinery Universal Christian Council, a world federation of the to match the changed hearts. Protestant churches. The Federal Council of Churches represents the cooperative efforts of twenty-two of the great Christian Communions in North America, with a membership of twenty-two million people. Its purpose is "to express the fellowship and unity of the Christian Church and to unite Christians for the service of Christ and the world." With so many different elements and varied leaders, it is natural that many of the activities and utterances

of the Federal Council are criticized, some justly, pIe, who have always been taught that the Bible but in the past twenty-five years it has accom- was a closed book to all but the priesthood of the plished much in bringing Christian forces to- Roman Church. The plain Cross sets forth the gether to solve some of the problems of the day in Christ of the Cross; the word "Gospel" is not a America. Faith in Christ as the only Lord and current word of the Roman Church and "Believe" Saviour, and loyalty to the Bible as the message is a strong contrast to the doctrine of salvation of God to men should unite and not divide the by "works" as taught by the Church of Rome. Christian Church for fellowship and for service. An official message has also gone out to the EVANGELICAL PROGRESS IN ITALY Regi Proveditori agli Studi, the highest govern- Two strong forces, yes three or more, strive to mental educational authorities of every province, mold the future of the Italian nation. The present which is in strong contrast to the attitude of the Pope is an aggressive, missionary-minded leader Turks and the Russians on religious education. who seeks not only to strengthen the papacy in This message quoted in Beyond Alpine Snows Italy but to extend its control abroad. He has al- reads, in part: ready laid plans for the domination of the Belgian Congo and other districts in Africa. Nonreligious "All teachers and schoolmasters should read the New materialism is also spreading in Italy as in other Testament and should explain this divine Book to the chilparts of Europe. A third force to be reckoned dren and see that they learn its beautiful passages by with is the small but influential Evangelical heart. The Book must not be missing from any school Church. Mussolini and the Fascist Government library for it is ever new through all the centuries. It is are working to build up a strong political State the greatest of all books, the most necessary book because and the Government has recently taken some ex- it is divine. traordinary steps that should advance Evangelical Christianity. "The National Government desires to reconduct the chil- To celebrate the tenth anniversary of the Fas- dren, and, by means of the children, the soul of the Italian cist Government, Signor Mussolini has issued a people, by this Book, to the finding of the safe way which series of new postage stamps. Among them, the will lead the fatherland to the most sublime and the truest thirty centesimi stamp is of very special interest, greatness."

and has caused much comment and strong opposi- That is magnificent. . . . When we know the powerful tion from the Vatican, expressed in most violent forces which are at work in Italy, under the stern, insistterms in the L'Osservatore Romano. ent, and precise orders of Rome, for the suppression of the Word of God, such a circular as that is a proclamation This stamp sets forth the open Bible standing which shows fine courage and splendid resolution on the on a lectern with the wings of an eagle, the sym- part of Signor Mussolini. bol of inspiration. On the open page of the Book is inscribed the word "Evangelium," which means "These are days of wonderful opportunity," "Gospel." Below is the word, "Credere"-Be- says the editor of the Spezia Mission paper. "We lieve-and behind the open Bible is the Cross, not are working in the midst of the Fascist Revoluthe crucifix. tion it is true, but on every side doors are open wide before us. The people are realizing more Before the Bible and the Cross, the flags of than ever the full meaning of the law of religious Italy, and the emblem of the Fascist regime, are liberty. There is a greater eagerness to read the reverently lowered in salute. The circulation of Word of God, in spite of the efforts of the Church this stamp will preach a great sermon to the peo- of Rome to prevent it. Young men and women seeking help and satisfaction are crowding our halls in such a way as to tax our accommodation to the utmost."

Prof. Doride Bosio of Rome also writes in Life and Work that the Italian Parliament has passed a law regarding "religious communities per- mitted in the State" which allows freedom in the discussion of religious matters, grants autonomy to "all religions which are not contrary to good order and morals," sanctions the opening of all places of worship and recognizes clergy of all permitted faiths as legally entitled to celebrate religious marriages which are recognized and reg- istered by the State.

Prof. Bosio concludes: "Italy's Protestants are a powerful advance guard of Protestantism which has been posted in one of the most difficult positions. They rely on the sympathy and love of all the Protestants in the world."

Egypt-What Price Progress?

By the REV. CHARLES R. WATSON, D.D.

President of the American University at Cairo, Egypt T HE shortest way to reach Egypt from Amer- high standards of morality and even vital concep- ica is to take the steamer which holds the tions of religion. It is the feeling that if only the record for trans-Atlantic speed, and in seven human race could hold its gains, would not slip days you will be in Naples. In three days more back, how much further we might have advanced.

you reach Alexandria and then two and a half But we cannot dwell upon the richness of our hours later you are at Cairo, the capital of Egypt, archeological treasures, for I am carrying you to a city of a million and a quarter. Egypt, neither for the sake of its climate nor for In normal years some fifteen thousand Amer- the sake of its historical significance, but because ican tourists visit that part of the world. Some it is a strategic centre of a great world. I mean come to enjoy our wonderful the Moslem world. Here in climate. In February and Egypt we are at the intellectual March when North American Egypt is still experiencing centre of that great civilization weather is drizzly and snowy the birth-throes of intellec- which we call Mohammedan.

and cold, Egypt is being flooded tual and spiritual rebirth. Do you realize how vast an with sunshine. However, this Old and obsolete conditions empire this Moslem world is?

delightful climate is not alto- and ideas are hindering the If you go around the world, it gether an asset. It is debili- advancement of new life and will greet you at Gibraltar. On tating for those who live there liberty. But Egypt is ad- the right hand, as you travel year in and year out. UYhen I vancing – at what cost Dr. the whole length of the Medi- Watson, a son of Egypt, . clearly shows. Are we ready terranean, you have the forty first went to Egypt, I was told as Christians to make the million Moslems in North there were three rules of life. sacrifices necessary to make Africa. At the East end of the First, "Never do anything to- this progress possible? Chris- Mediterranean, you are face to day that you can possibly put tians in Egypt are helping to face with the Near East of off till tomorrow"; second, pay the price. Are we at Asia with forty million more: "Never do anything yourself that you can get anyone else to home ready to stand by them? in Palestine and Syria, in Tur- do"; third, "Never do much of key, Mesopotamia, Arabia and anything anyho~ Persia. If you could run up to Of course many visitors come for more serious Russia you would find some ten million more, or purposes. They wish to see the archeological visit China and find another ten million. On your treasures of a past civilization. What a thrill it way around the world you go through the Red is to live in that past; to reconstruct in your Sea, across the Indian Ocean, and come to India.

imagination the millenniums of ancient Egypt. Here is the largest single block of Moslems in any The pyramids and obelisks and temples and one country-sixty million. Go on and come to sphinxes carry one back some six thousand years, Malaysia where you find forty million more. You not to the beginnings of history but to a period do not leave this far-flung Moslem empire behind which was even then the golden age of Egyptian until you have passed the Philippine Islands civilization. It deepens in one the consciousness where the Moro Moslems are under the American of the great price that has been paid for human flag.

achievements-the millenniums and centuries of The significance of Egypt in this great empire discipline and labor that have given us our present lies in the fact that it is the intellectual centre of attainments. This is particularly good for an Mohammedanism. Here is its great Mohammedan American who lives dynamically in the present, university, the Azhar. Here are printing presses and imagines that civilization began with him and that carry the thought life of Egypt to every part will be crowned by him. A deep feeling comes of the Moslem world. Here, too, is the cradle of over one who finds in these early millenniums the Arabic journalism. "As goes Egypt, so will go the knowledge of astronomy, engineering, agriculture, Mohammedan world."

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What Price Progress in Health? women out of the life of the nation. If she is on the street she is veiled. In the home she is in the First as to Health: Clearly there can be no harem. To be sure, thousands are now breaking progress without higher standards of physical away from these strict social rules, but it is only health. The first thing that impresses the casual where West meets East. The law of the harem is tourist is the extent of eye trouble. Egypt has still the law of the land and of its social order. the unenviable distinction of having a greater We follow woman into her seclusion and ask: IS percentage of its population blind or afflicted with she educated? Egypt affords us government staeye trouble than any other nation in the world. tistics which tell us that in the country at large A leading authority placed the number of those twenty per cent of the population can read and suffering from trachoma at ninety-five per cent. write. But do the women get their share? No, This disease of the eye keeps a man out of Amer- only four out of a hundred Egyptian women can ica. It does not always spell blindness but it does read and write. Clearly, the price of progress is represent impairment of eyesight. Why should the elevation of woman. ninety-five per cent of the people have this affliction? Our four children lived for years in Egypt. Then we observe the precarious position of None of them had trachoma. It is not necessary woman in the home and in society, for the Moto have it. It is entirely preventable, but super- hammedan law allows a man to have four legal stition tells the mother that it is unlucky to wash wives. There is always at the heart of every wife her baby until it is forty days old. In America, a the dread of the possibility of a second wife, and baby's eyes are washed at birth. After forty days a third and even a fourth. Meanwhile, the law of the damage is done, for the disease has set in. divorce attacks woman's position and prestige Clearly one price of progress is the elimination of perhaps more than anything that has been menphysical diseases. tioned, for all that a man needs to do to divorce his wife is to say, "Woman, thou art divorced." Nor is eyesight the only point attacked. There is bilharzia and hookworm. These three, with As we face this social order and observe its other diseases in their train, stalk up and down working, we do not need to be missionaries nor the country causing infinite suffering to women, even to be Christian to see that it must change if dreadful mortality among children, and weaken- Egypt is to make progress. Nor is it the Westing the efficiency and shortening the lives of men. erner alone who is saying this. The Egyptian young man is also saying it, and is insisting that Sir Wilfred Grenfell, of Labrador, came to see the next generation of women shall be better eduus one day in Egypt. He said he had been visiting cated and shall have greater freedom. the hospitals and I asked him what he thought of them. "They are doing magnificent work," he Moral and Spiritual Conditions:' Even more said "but it is hopeless. The flood of disease is fundamental than physical health and social concoming down at such a rate that no hospitals can ditions, are those conditions that have to do with overtake the damage done. What is needed is for the moral and spiritual life of a nation. How some one to go upstream and check the disease at shall we appraise these conditions? Our attitude its source." He strongly endorsed the work which to non-Christian religions in our day is marked by we are doing in the American University at Cairo, a new sympathy and appreciation. For this I am where we are endeavoring to change public mis- thankful. My own appreciation of non-Christian conceptions on these very points We believe that religions grew out of my jealousy for God and if we can arouse the people to the great national His character as a God of love. It seemed to me evils, they themselves will effect the cure. To be unthinkable that the God of love, revealed to us conscious of a limitation or of an evil is to be well by Jesus Christ, would not have been deeply conon the way toward its removal. So we have lec- cerned for His children in other lands across the tures on health which go from our platform to the long millenniums of their history. Surely someprinted pages of the journals of Cairo. We have where one would find the token of His interest in also prepared the first educational film on the care their spiritual and moral development. As a child of the eyes, with an Oriental setting. Last year of God it behooved me to look for His hand of it was used by the Palestinian Government in the love in the lives of these non-Christian people. cinemas of Palestine. Yes, one price of progress Looking thus with sympathy and appreciation inin Egypt, and in the Moslem world, is health-the to the Moslem religion, I found much for which recovery of physical health. one is glad.

The Social Order: The casual observation of First of all there is the spiritual conception of the tourist who visits Egypt is "Where are the God iri Islam. We must remember that Mohamwomen ?" Of course, many know the Moham- medanism came up from a background of idolatry. medan law of seclusion which practically lifts Upon that background we see it as a religion with a spiritual conception of God. This came home to

EGYPT-WHAT PRICE PROGRESS?

me one day in Benares, India. We had been going two things I want from my religion. One of these from Hindu temple to Hindu temple and my soul is fellowship with God. I am conscious that I am felt fairly defiled by the coarse representations of here on earth-helpless, weak, sinful, and God is the creative principle on every hand. Then we in His glory and power and perfect holiness. Who swung around into a Moslem mosqu.e. It seemed will bridge this great gulf and bring me to Him?

like breathing fresh air. There was not an idol I know that Jesus Christ can do it. Moham- in sight. Only upon the walls was the name of medanism seems to lay such stress upon one single Allah. I thanked God that day for this feature of attribute of God, namely, His sovereignty, that He Mohammedanism. seems to be pushed farther away, up, up, ever higher, until He is yonder behind His cold grey clouds and your heart cannot touch Him. He is too great. I have been told that Moslem theolo- gians declare that it is blasphemy to say that God is love, for how can perfect self-sufficiency and sovereignty be touched with the feeling of mortal infirmity.

The second thing that I want from my religion is moral undergirding. I have temptations and I have tasks. I am unequal to both. I want moral reinforcement and undergirding. I need ideals that will break out ever with fresh significance.

WHERE NEW IDEAS OF PROGRESS ARE PUT I find that undergirding and those ideals in Christ. INTO PRACTICE Does the Moslem find them in Mohammed? As I read what Lord Cromer says about the modern A village where students go to teach lessons in social progress.

Again I am deeply impressed with the note of Moslem and his moral shipwreck, I sense that submissiveness in Mohammedanism. That is there is a need to be supplied, there is a Christ what Islam means-submission. "Moslem" means that needs to be shared. So, as I look at the moral "the man who is surrendered." Christians believe and spiritual situation and ask myself, What in the surrendered life. Of course, it makes a Price Progress, I see that there must be a new. world of difference what one surrenders to, but .moral and spiritual dynamic.

the act of surrender is there and the spirit of sub~ Who Is to Pay the Price? missiveness is there in any case. I have often marvelled at the resignation and quiet submission We now come to the most important question: to the will of God manifest in Mohammedan lives Who shall pay the price of progress? There are in the presence of great loss and awful tragedy. three parties that must pay the price. of this prog- Sometimes I dream of Egypt becoming Chris~ tian. I do not think of the mosques being de~ stroyed with the loss of the Moorish architecture.

I love it, although I love the Gothic, too. I do not think of the minarets being destroyed and church steeples being built with their crashing bells call- ing to prayer instead of the call of the human voice from the minaret. There are many things that I believe Jesus Christ, with His loving appre- ciation of all that is good and all that has been de- veloped in the good providence of God in every race, will preserve. I believe that He will gather up these values, developed in other races and na- WHERE THE PRICE IS BEING PAID FOR PROGRESS tions, and will build them imperishably into His The American University at Cairo eternal Kingdom.

What Religion Should Supply ress. There is some part of this price which only' Egypt herself may pay to achieve her own prog- But this appreciation of the good in Islam must ress. There is another part which I would say, in not impair our judgment. There are deep and all reverence, only God may pay. Finally there is fundamental inadequacies in this religion which a part of the price of progress which it falls to only Jesus Christ and His spirit and teaching and us to pay.

work can supply. Let me ask here, What is it that What is the price that Egypt must pay? I you want out of a religion? Personally, there are cannot touch on all that is included under this an-

swer, but certainly one part of that price is the laborious planfulness. Some of these are high in pain of readjustment. Let me illustrate. Some the Government; many are in humbler walks of years ago when I was living in a Moslem neigh- life. They see the new day. They are seeking to borhood, I heard the sound of weeping in a large usher it in. Some are trying to reform the law establishment back of our house. 1 knew what of the country. Some are improving the educa- had happened: there was a death. According to tional life. Some are reforming the social order.

custom the family would erect a large pavilion of Some are instituting health campaigns. To every beautiful tent work and during three days friends one of these forward-looking Egyptians and Mos- would come to express their sympathy. Should I lems, we should extend our sympathy and a help- go? I did not know the family. They were my ing hand. • neighbors but the house fronted on another street. But there is a part of the price of progress that The family was of pasha rank. The head of the only God can pay. The uplift of a nation, the house was a Nationalist. The difficulties seemed progress of humanity, whether in the East or in to increase as I investigated. But 1 finally decided – the West, whether among Arabs or Americans, to go, scarcely hoping to be able to talk anything cannot even be hoped for without reliance upon but Arabic, or at most, French. What was my God. I am not thinking only of that price which surprise when I was greeted at the entrance by a was paid by Him centuries ago on the Mount of young man, speaking perfect English. He said, Calvary or on the Pentecostal morn when spir- "It is my brother who has died. He died in Cam- itual forces were released that have no end in the bridge, England. I was studying in Oxford, Eng- history of the world. I think, also, of more recent land, and I brought the body home." He then took providences that are clearly from the hand of God.

me to a seat of honor alongside of himself. He Within the last twenty years we have seen the seemed to hold on to me. I sat there quietly, hav- entire Moslem world lifted out of its isolation and ing expressed my sympathy, for one does not talk swept into the current of world thought and much. I listened to the Sheikh chanting passages brought into touch with world movements, as not from the Koran that were beautiful, and in all in centuries before. In the Great War, we re- sincerity, 1 said to him: member that of all non-Christian areas it was the "That is beautiful chanting." Moslem world that was affected chiefly by this "I hate it," he said. great war. What was the campaign at Gallipoli "What is the trouble?" I asked. and the Dardanelles but in Moslem territory!

"1 was living in the quiet and the peace of Ox- That in Mesopotamia, on Moslem territory! That ford," he explained, "and then I came here at this of Egypt, Moslem territory! The recruiting of tragic moment; in my home the women were the labor battalions from NoI:th Africa, Moslem screaming and tearing their clothes and pulling territory! The awakening of the whole Moslem their hair. I stood it one night; then I got out world that began so significantly with the Great and went to the hotel." War has gone on steadily in more recent years so I was sorry for the young man. I was sorry that today the old complacency and self-sufficiency for his father and mother who would not under- has passed away. All of this has been wrought by stand. I was witnessing the contact of two dif- none other than the hand of God.

ferent cultures, two different religions, two dif- Another mighty force that I believe has been ferent immortal hopes. I was witnessing a veri- directed by God to influence mightily the Moham- table collision of ideals and where these contacts medan world is Nationalism. This is of greater and collisions take place, there is pain-the pain significance in a Moslem land because of a pre- of adjustment. Would God that there were al- vious conception which had to be overcome. The ways mediators at those points, sympathetic per- old Mohammedan conception was not that of Na- sons who might explain, who might take up the tionalism at all. It was that of Pan-Islamism, in shock of the collision. But even so, there is always which all Moslems would be united in a religious pain, the pain of readjustment to new ideas and empire. There would be no Moor, or Algerians, new truths, and Egypt will have to pay that price, or Tunisians, or Egyptians, or Palestinians, or and in many instances she is doing it with courage Arabs; they would all be members of one reli- and with calmness. But at times there are the gious faith, happening to live here or there. Now fanatical outbreaks, the indignant rejection of Pan-Islamism has exploded into bits and every new ideas and new thought. bit is a national bit. There is today a Turkish Another price that Egypt herself must pay for nationalism and a Syrian nationalism, and an progress is that of initiativeness in reform. I Iraqian nationalism, and an Egyptian National- wish I could describe the forward-looking Egyp- ism. These countries would not dream of uniting tians, increasing in number every year; men of together and losing their nationalities in order to wisdom, men of courage, men of persevering and form a Pan-Islamic empire once again.

EGYPT-WHAT PRICE PROGRESS?

But what is nationalism worth? Many condemn price of grass in a country so hot and dryas it as an accursed movement throughout the world, Egypt? Is it a little sprinkling of water now and making for hatred and hostility. This was the again? Not at all, that would never do. The en- opinion of the Indian poet, Tagore. But we do tire field is banked up all around; then the field not find it so in Egypt. It is a new force indeed is flooded, almost a foot deep, and the water is in the life of the people and while it may have its allowed to stand there all night until the ground evil manifestations, it is also in many cases a is thoroughly· soaked. That is the price of grass force for good, for progress, for eagerness for in a hot and dry climate. It is a parable of what knowledge and education. It puts a nation on its we Christians must do in the Moslem world. We tip-toes of expectancy. It awakens the mind to have tried the sprinkling processes. Here and inquiry. It softens the will and enables the there there has been a little manifestation of love people to a c c e p t and sympathy. But changes that make it is not en 0 ugh.

for improvement. There must be the As we see this force drenching 0 f the working in the life Moslem world with of Egypt and ad- Christian love and Jommg countries, sympathy. Only so we feel that, under can we achieve the the hand of God, it results we desire may prove to be a and the progress we mighty power for want.

progress. And then there Lastly, . there is m u s t be service.

that portion of the Whatever it is that price w h i c h we Christ has given us Christians, friends we can give to them.

of Egypt and of the Spiritual service, Moslem world, must moral service, social pay if progress is to service, intellectual be achieved. The A NEW MOSLE'M WOMAN ADDRESSING A CAIRO CROWD s er vic e, physical first price we must service – imparting pay is that of sympathy. There has been too much not merely the fruits of Christianity'but the roots ill-will across the centuries between the Christian also. We must share all the living springs which camp and the Moslem camp. There has been we have found in Christ. That is what we are suspicion and hatred. This cannot be the last trying to do at the American University at Cairo.

word. The last word must be love. You ask, how It is only one of many forms of service, but it is much love? Let me answer with a parable. Just indeed one of the most practically useful, one of on the edge of Cairo is a country club, on a beau- the most spiritually penetrating, one of the most tiful island on the Nile. One can there watch the morally undergirding, and one of the most life- polo games played on beautiful turf. What is the transforming methods for promoting progress.

Christianity has to do, not with man's quest for God but with God's gift to man…… It is not a question of ou!: sharing with others the deeper spiritual values of our lives,which for the most of us are not very much to share, but of bearing witness to a grace and truth outside of ourselves…… The Christian mission ….. stands or falls with the question whether it is the bearer of a word from God.

-J. H. OLDHAM.

Evangelism-what is it? Are we afraid of it? Do we think it cannot be effective in our day with its emphasis on the social gospel? Society can be changed by changing the individuals that compose it. Dr. Mott's words find an echo in our hearts: "Evangelism consists in making Christ known, loved, trusted and obeyed in all ranges of life, by individuals and by society; and an intense passion to have Christ's kingdom widened, to ca:11 out the best in personality, to share with others, to be unselfish and to give to others those things of Christianity that have helped us. This larger evangelism is the work most needed now in the world, yet most neglected. We are in a time when we need great affirmationsaffirmations that nothing has changed our belief in Christ or in his power in the world."

Mrs. Thomas Nicholson.

WHY I BELIEVE IN CHRISTIAN MISSIONS* By DR. DONALD W. RICHARDSON, Richmond, Virginia 1. I am a Christian. To be a Christian is to be a missionary; I can't be a Christian and be indifferent to the needs of others.

2. I have seen some of the need of the non-Christian world. Back .of its physical, intellectual, economic, political and social ills, I have seen 'the need for a knowledge of Jesus Christ and the God whom He reveals.

3. I know from experience and observation that among the many panaceas and saviours which are being .offered to the world today Jesus Christ alone is actually saving men and women.

4. When I entered the Christian Church I thereby became a life-member of a divinely estab- lished missionary society. If I did not believe in missions I would be false to my membership in this missionary organization.

5. I believe that the words of Christ when He told His disciples to "go into all the world to teach and heal and p'reach the Gospel" are to be taken literally. We who are within the Church manifest our love and our loyalty to the Lord by the measure in which we carry out His command. In neglect- ing the hungry and thirsty, and naked and sick and imprisoned of the world I am neglecting Christ.

6. In Christ and His message I have a vision of the possibilities of people. I see them not only as they are, but also as they may be. I see not only their achievements, but also their capacities for achievement.

7. While recognizing the many elements of value to be found in other religious faiths, I have ,seen that these other systems at their highest and best do not supply the value which is found in the Christian faith and Way of Life. Their essential inadequacy lies in their ignorance of Christ, the Revealer of God and Redeemer of man.

8. I believe that in Christ alone is found the solution for the needs of the individual, of society, of civilization and that around Him alone center the noblest, the most unselfish, and the most endur- ing activities of man. '

9. I believe in the possibility of a world in which people of every race and nation may live as the children of God-in a social order characterized by righteousness, peace, and gladness. I believe that this better world must be built of men and women who have been redeemed in every land and brought into the Kingdom of Heaven by the grace of God in Christ.

10. I have seen some of the results of Christian missions-glorious transformations in character, marvelous restorations of lost mental and moral and social and spiritual order. I have seen pagan minds enlightened, bodies healed, souls saved, societies regenerated; and an atmosphere of gloom changed into one of gladness.

11. I believe that the Church and the Christian need mission work as an avenue of expression for the Christ-life within, as a field of service and sacrifice. By engaging in this work they them- selves become enriched and fruitful.

12. I believe that Christ's purpose and program call for cooperation on the part of His followers. He has placed His own cause upon the hearts and in the hands of His disciples. The completion of His will for the world, His method, His Church, His ideal for man, is by the way of foreign missions.

13. With such a God as Christ reveals, with such purposes of grace and love as the Christian Scriptures proclaim, the foreign missionary enterprise is a moral necessity. I should be ashamed to be so spiritually obtuse as not to see the logical issue .of my fellowship with Christ.

14. The best which 1 have I desire to share with humanity; selfishly to keep it for myself and my own community would be un-Christian. That best is not some theory of government, not some system of culture, not some program of social uplift, not science, not the veneer of Western civiliza- tion, but the knowledge of a loving and saving God. Not to share this knowledge would indicate a pathetic lack of faith in my own religion.

15. I know missionaries whom the Churches have sent out-most of them humble, courageous men and women, whose names may never be written in human history; but who are the agents of God for the establishment of His Kingdom. They are in the line of God's great succession .of Kingdom build- ers. I would share with them, to the limit of my opportunity, in the divinest, the most daring, and the most gloriously fruitful enterprise of all the ages.

16. Finally, I believe in Christian missions, because "This is life eternal, that they might know Thee, the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom Thou hast sent." The greater part of the world today does not yet know, and can come to know God only through messengers whom the Chri,stians may send out to tell the Good News.

• From the Ohristian Observer.

South American

By JOHN A. MACKAY, New York -··~Z1 Author of "The Other Spanish Christ"; Secretary of the Board f.lc-..- of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

A S I LOOK back on my recent wanderings in this at a time when millions from the Magellan ..l'.. South America, I find that three main im- Straits to the Hudson Bay are suffering hunger, pressions have crystallized in my mind. I it is clear that what is in crisis is man. Can we have become conscious, if not for the first time, at not pardon the modern pessimist, who in the least to a much greater degree than before, of light of facts like the above, raises a question three major realities in the contemporary life of whether after all man is anything more than an that continent. The first of these is the reality of unsuccessful experiment of nature!

crisis, the second the reality of religious oppor- This is one side of the economic crisis. For- tunity, the third the reality of the evangelical tunately, there is another. Who can doubt that community. the fact of being united in one great fellowship of In the present article, I am going to deal with pain predisposes the nations forming the Pan- my impressions of the reality of crisis, leaving the American Union to regard one another in a much other two realities for treatment in subsequent friendlier way than they hdve done for decades articles. past. Nations which suffer fogether find it much Happily, it is not now so common as it was easier to think and plan together, and common some years ago, to regard all crisis as a simple pain has undoubtedly been one of the factors mak- projection of a state of mind, a state of mind that ing possible the great and unusual comity that has thrusts its own disorder and dread into the world reigned in the recent Pan-American Conference around it. It has become evident that changes of at Montevideo.

a major order are taking place in the life and Political Upheaval thinking of men, and that major decisions must be made. Thus the perception grows that crisis Everywhere I was conscious of the reality of is the only word at all adequate to describe condi- social and political crisis. Early in 1928 it had tions such as exist in many parts of the world. been my privilege at a Latin-American banquet The old is going. Something new, whether better in New York to share the program of after-dinner or worse than the old, is in the throes of birth. speeches with a distinguished diplomat, Dr. Carlos Davila, then Chilean Ambassador to the United Coffee Bonfires States. Both of us lived on the peaks that eve- .

It is not surprising that I found South America ning as we discoursed on things South American.

in the grip of an economic crisis. Let me give but Last May, I was in Santiago, the Chilean capital.

one representative illustration. I had arrived in There I was told how the erstwhile ambassador the Brazilian port of Santos, and was speeding in had headed a revolution, occupying the presiden- a friend's car across the great plateau. As we tial chair for several weeks, after which he was approached the city of San Paulo, I said to my ousted from power by another. One evening, companion, "What is that haze on the horizon?" after an address in the "Instituto Ingles," a Pres- At first it seemed to me to be a Scotch mist. But byterian mission school in Santiago, a man in his no, it was evidently smoke. "Some great building early fifties came up to speak to me.' There was in the city must be ablaze," I said. "No," was his a look of great kindliness in his face, and a strange reply, "they are burning coffee." mystic flash in his eye. "I am Colonel Grove," he said, as he shook my hand warmly. "Colonel During my three months in Brazil, I discovered Grove!" I involuntarily replied. This was the that in the last two or three years, 16,000,000 best-known communist leader in Latin America! sacks of Brazilian coffee have been burned. He was the man who had ousted Davila from Crisis! And not a purely economic one, either. power, occupying, in his turn, the presidential When one reads of the destruction of sheep in chair for several weeks. Then he, too, passed southern Chile, of the slaughter of pigs in Kansas, from the helm of State. In the recent political of the burning of wheat in Wisconsin and Min- elections in Chile, at which the new President nesota, and of the coffee bonfires in Brazil, and all [77 ]

Alessandri was elected, thirty-three political bridged in the interests of creative action and parties went to the polls. Among these were creative personalities. Appreciation of the existtwenty shades of socialism. Crisis! The new ele- ence of this chasm is part of the present crisis. ment in the situation was that social and political Will the abyss be widened or will it be bridged? ideas had become real and people were following That is the really critical question, as we look ideas and not, as formerly, ambitious personali- down the coming years. ties. The transition from interest in personalities to interest in ideas is an element in the social and Idealism and the Chaco political crisis of South America. In the international realm, crisis was equally I crossed the Andes in a raging blizzard on the apparent. The press in all the capital cities I last train to cross for some weeks, and sped over passed through was full of news about the undethe marvelous Argentine pampas. I came finally clared war between Paraguay and Bolivia. At to a much loved city by the sea, Montevideo, the Buenos Aires in June I found that, according to capital of vigorous and progressive little Uruguay. estimates, at least 40,000 men lay. dead in the Crisis met me there – in a city where legislators malarial marshes of the Chaco. Some have put had given themselves to the task of banishing the estimate of the victims to date at anything crisis and revolution forever, and sincerely from 50,000 to 100,000 Bolivians and Parathought they had succeeded. A dictator was in guayans. That awful holocaust to the god of war, power in the most democratic of South American that bloodiest and most sinister of episodes in countries, a country which had earned for itself modern Latin American history, is red with crisis. the name of the New Zealand of South America. And perhaps the most crimson part of that crisis is not that so many thousands of men have died, Some few decades ago, Uruguay set itself to but that South American idealism lies in those solving the problem of recurring revolutions, by swamps. How often had it been said, since the creating a new collegiate form of government, in World War, by leading South American statesmen which both of the traditional political parties and writers, that theirs was the only part of the should be represented in the executive council of world where war would be forever impossible bethe nation. One of the men largely responsible tween sister nations, because all South American for the new system was ex-President Brum. Fif- countries had loyally pledged themselves to solve teen years before, I had listened to him speak in their conflicts by arbitration! South America was Lima, when as a young man of thirty-five, re- committed to the principle of arbitration for the cently elected to the presidency of his country, he settlement of all international disputes. Then was touring the other American states. Brum came the undeclared war in the Chaco, which all was a natural enemy of the new dictatorial gov- the diplomacy of the Pan-American Union and of ernment. He found, however, that the majority the League of Nations could not prevent. Not of the people were in favor of it. They did not only that, but a similar situation had almost been rally to him or to his ideas, as he had hoped. One created in the Putumayo, on the boundary between day he received word that the government was Peru and Colombia. Had it not been for the asgoing to arrest him. He prepared himself for the sassination of a Peruvian president in the month event in a very dramatic way. Throwing open, of April, those two countries would have repeated early one morning, the wide doors of his residence, on the Putumayo what Bolivia and Paraguay have he seated himself on a chair facing the entrance, waged in the Chaco. South American statesmen a revolver in either hand. He expected that one and idealists are in a chastened mood. They of two things would happen-that the government recognize that all nations have sinned, that "there would arrest him, or that the people would rally is none righteous, no, not one." Some recognize around him. The hours passed. Neither of the that mere idealism and sentimentality are insuffitwo possibilities was fulfilled. In utter loneliness, cient when confronted with primitive human nadenied even the opportunity for a dramatic ges- ture and the new doctrine of the State. ture, he shot himself. He had been a brilliant political leader. He had sincerely and consistently Spiritual Crisis opposed religion of all kinds, but in his utter loneliness and isolation, at a moment when true re- But the reality of crisis is still deeper. There is ligion nerves a man to stand alone with God a spiritual crisis in South America. It is true, of against the world, he could not endure blank soli- course, that every crisis in human affairs has a tude and preferred to put an end to his despair. spiritual aspect. This we have seen to be true in In a crisis such as he had never anticipated, his the various phases of crisis already considered. heart became a sepulchre of dead illusions. He proved incidentally, by his suicide, that the tradi- A crisis takes place in the inner life of a countional gulf between religion and politics must be try when it is willing to remake its whole life and tradition in the light of the conclusion it reaches

THE SOUTH AMERICAN CRISIS

after loyal self-examination. Then anything may reached the places we aspire to, become our old happen. Self-criticism is of the very essence of true selves again, rejecting all opportunism and crisis. It is not too much to say that South Amer- untruth." When a well-intentioned and altruistic ican countries have entered this stage. Spain young man asks himself seriously whether it is entered it after the Spanish-American War, and worth while or possible to be good under all cir- the way was prepared for a really creative revo- cumstances then we have crisis of a serious order.

lution by the wholeheartedness with which thou- We are not surprised to learn that the new sands of men and women in the country gave mood gives greater reality to religious ideas. This themselves to the task of knowing themselves and brings into crisis the old South American radical- of discovering wherein their great faults and ism. "It would appear," said a Peruvian radical failings lay. It is interesting to observe that at and freethinker, "that God had handed over poli- the very time when new appreciation for Latin tics to men and kept religion for himself." But America is being expressed in North America, now a new phenomenon meets us throughout those there begins to appear in South America a tend- lands. It is not rare to find earnest young men ency to rigorous self-examination. of the new generation ready to take to themselves A second aspect of South America's spiritual the words of that young Spanish writer who said, crisis has already been hinted at. It consists in "I have Karl Marx in my head and Jesus Christ the change of interest from persons to ideas. in my heart." I am not interested in discussing, South America passed through a stage in which at the moment, whether this is or is not a possible ideas regarding life and God were given only an combination. What interests me is to point out academic or resthetic value. It was considered that for many young South Americans it is per- that to identify oneself passionately and absolutely fectly valid, however illogical their position may with anyone idea was to become sectarian, and seem to us. They have awakened to the discovery cultured South Americans have dreaded nothing that Jesus Christ is not the "poor Christ" whom so much as to be called "sectarios." Now, how- they have thought of, but a being whom every ever, that is changing. The new tendency or man must face if he would fairly and squarely mood began to appear with the revolt of university face himself and life. Their social imagination youth in 1918. It received its finest expression in is being captivated by the "Christ of the Whip."

Peru, among the members of the Apra party. I Among a people for whom a "poor beggar" or a have just read a remarkable pamphlet entitled "poor devil" has been practically synonomous "Aprism and Religion," in which the writer, a with a "poor Christ," illimitable vistas of oppor- young man who, in my time in Peru, was regarded tunity open up for the reinterpretation of Jesus as a consummate bookworm and cynic, confessed Christ.

that he had been saved from sterile intellectualism We need not be surprised to find that the sense by identifying himself with the great ideas em- of crisis prevails in the traditional church of those bodied in the program of his party.* When countries. The Roman Catholic Church is fully teachers, and intellectuals in general, are expected alive to the seriousness. of the present situation, to be crusaders, a complete break has taken place and so we discover here and there things which with the traditional attitude of detachment which are quite foreign to the tradition of that church, characterized South American culture. Accord- as known hitherto in those lands. We find ser- ing to the old view there could be no such thing as mons being preached in theatres and in churches, a crisis for an educated man, who viewed the without any ritual accompaniment. We find lay- world from his detached balcony. men who give lectures on the Bible and Catholi- There is still another element of crisis in this cism. We find more attention being given to the current drift from personalism. One discovers reading of the Scriptures in public, and in certain among the younger generation a great loss of faith areas to the distribution of the Gospels. If this in men. What a Mexican student once said to me process goes on long enough and thoroughly would be typical of many others in South Amer- enough, anything may happen in the' old church, ica. "We have become totally disillusioned," he and we might even witness another reformation.

said, "in the men to whom we looked as leaders. Meantime, the spiritual issue becomes sharp- We now ask ourselves if, continuing to live in ac- ened. Spiritualism, theosophy, occultism, not to cordance with our ideals, we shall ever reach speak of many other cults, have begun to dom- places of power where we can do the work we inate the minds of thousands throughout the con·· think should be done. So we wonder if for the tinent. Some years ago, an Indian philosopher, a present we ought not to take up a Machiavellian high priest of theosophy, and a Doctor of Phi- attitude towards life, and then, after we have losophy of the University of Cambridge, made what was practically a triumphant tour around • The Apra Party. See article, "A Voice from a Peruvian Prison," the whole continent. In South America, the East in the December REVIEW.

and the West, which it was thought would never opportunity to present the heart of the Gospel. meet, are coming strangely together. Nobody, I Interpreting Nietzsche's famous parable of the believe, would make such a profound impression camel that became a lion and the lion that became on the spiritual life of South America as an Indian a child, I followed modern man along the road of Christian, for South America looks wistfully to- his measureless passion for knowledge, and his wards the East and feels her need of a faith. iconoclastic drive towards freedom, into a fresh new childhood with wonder in its eyes and a life- An illustration of the reality of spiritual crisis affirming accent on his lips. The following mornis a question which was put to me by a student ing an engineering student came to see me. "I of the University of Santiago during my recent have passed through the stages you described last visit to Chile. One evening in the National Uni- night," he said in an agonized tone, "I have been versity I gave a lecture on "Nietzsche-the Crea- a sceptic. But I cannot live on scepticism and pertor of Superman,"-the idol of more than one gen- petual rebellion. I need a faith. Do you think I eration of South American youth. From him they can ever get a faith ?" had derived their conception of life and Christianity. A discussion of his personality and This was crisis in its most creative stage, in thought offered me the best possible point of con- that phase in which anguish becomes vocal and tact with my audience. Never did I have such an craves a religious answer. (To Be Continued.) The Red Man Speaks* By COE HAYNE, New York Author of "The Red Man on the Big Horn," etc.

A l"'.M. OcaNmGp, the boys o f Black Bear's hunting supernatural powers that were supposed to con- Red 'Neck, a member of the Crow trol the destinies of fighting men. The boy's votive offering was placed with similar ones in a tribe by adoption, was superior in feats of shallow hole in the earth that nourishes and pro- tects. Then Chief Blackfoot of the Crows prayed: skill and endurance, including horseback riding, "Dear sun, we give you this as a sacrifice from our bodies that those who are away in wars may long-distance running and shooting with bow and be victorious and return safely." A little later Red Neck was again honored by being adopted by arrow. From both his father and mother he had Chief Blackfoot as his own son.

inherited great physical powers. A far more terrible as well as determining ex- perience awaited Red Neck in his training as a Red Neck's father, murdered by the Sioux when member of his tribe. The time had come for Strong Face to dedicate him to a life of bloodshed the boy was but six months old, had been a sur- and plant in his soul forever the spirit of revenge in memory of the murder of his father by the geon in the Union army and, like many other rest- Sioux.

less young white men after the Civil War, had On a hill overlooking the Crow camp Strong Face stood with her son. They were alone. Just gone to the Western Frontier to take up land and as the sun tinged the eastern horizon with the golden light of a new day, the Indian woman begin life anew. Among the Blackfoot Indians lifted her arms in a gesture of adoration of the blazing manifestation of a power her tribal trahe had chosen Strong Face as his bride. ditions had taught her to fear rather than to love. As she chanted a song of mourning, tears flowed The youthful Red Neck with his mother wor- down her face unchecked. In utter abandonment the Indian widow surrendered to her grief. Alshiped the force that resided in the sun, the light- ternately weeping and praying, she gave expres- sion not only to grief but to her hatred of those ning, the 'rivers, and the rocks. He was initiated into all the ways of the Indian and learned the Crow and Blackfoot legends. He learned to shoot expertly with rifle as well as with bow and arrow, and to track deer and bear that were plentiful in the Bighorn Mountains.

One day while some of his mother's family were absent as scouts for the United States troops dur- ing the Nez Perces and Bannock uprisings, Red Neck was taken by Strong Face to a hill for fast- ing and prayer and was asked to contribute a small piece of flesh from his arm to appease the • From "The Mocassin Trail," by courtesy of The Judson Press,

THE RED MAN SPEAKS

who had killed her husband. Her mourning was ponent, whom he felled repeatedly by short-armed a part of a religious ceremony as are many jabs to the chin. To pay his vow and still the common activities in the life of an Indian. Her wails of his mother now aroused him to white devotions on this occasion were to be marked by heat. Memory spurred arms and hands for dread- a supreme sacrifice-the consecration to hatred of ful action. A voice called him back to the present a child of tender years. She prayed that he might and prevented a catastrophe.

become a warrior of courage and sure marksman- "Come to my office, John," ordered Captain ship, that he might kill his enemies. Pratt.

Above the boy towered Strong Face that morn- John Frost, known among the Crows as· "Red Neck," believed that he was about to be expelled ing, neglecting no sign or word that might burn from school. He was asked kindly how the fuss began. He told how it started in 1871 when the into his heart the spirit of hatred. Sioux under Sitting Bull raided his homeland; he spoke of the vow made to avenge the murder of "Promise me," she urged, "that some day you his father.

will kill a Sioux that the death of your father may "Your father was a good man, John," said Cap- tain Pratt. "I knew him when he served as a surbe avenged." geon in the Union army. We'll not discipline you for this." With his arms extended toward the sun, the boy made the vow and Strong Face invoked upon him the blessing of the orb of fire that climbed the eastern sky. .

During the following decade Indian influence in the boy's life continued to make deep and abid- ing impressions upon him. When rather late in life he began his elementary education in the gov- ernment school at Crow Agency, his Indian heart almost rebelled. Vivid memories of the unham- pered life in the Indian country made him long to return to it. Stealing away from the school one evening, he saddled his favorite pony and rode to the top of the divide between the Little Big Horn and the Big Horn rivers, where he could view the distant Pryor Mountains, the hunting grounds of his people. He was Indian; in Crow lodges he was at home; on the hunting trails of his people he knew the way; why try to penetrate the mysteries of the white man's world? He had WESTERN INDIAN ROUND HOUSE ridden forth with the thought that he would allow For Hold time" Indian ceremonies.

Buck, the pony, to take him back beyond the John continued at Carlisle and became captain Pryors to the place where the smoke columns from many Indian camp fires joined above the pines of Company A by acclamation. He played on Car- lisle's first football team before Bemus Pierce and that shaded the Stillwater. But the impulse to Mt. Pleasant, two of his teammates, became naleave the school at c'row Agency passed, and with tionally known for their brilliance on the gridiron. its passing he wept. He knew that he was saying By consecrated women teachers he was given good-bye to the hunting grounds of the Crows and Bible lessons, and was taught the simple courtesies that are considered important in well-directed to Buck. homes and public places. His record at the insti- A few months later Red Neck was transferred tution won for him a job on the Crow reservation, to the Carlisle School in Pennsylvania, where he first as disciplinarian in one of the dormitories in the government school at Crow Agency and then developed rapidly under Captain Pratt and a staff as scout and interpreter at Fort Custer on the of teachers who had faith in the inherent good- high mesa above the juncture of the Big Horn ness of live Indians. and Little Big Horn rivers.

Red Neck was at Carlisle when he learned of the shoting of Sitting Bull during the so-called uprising under the leader of the Ghost Dances in South Dakota that culminated in the "Battle" at Out of the entire group of twenty Crow men Wounded Knee. The Crow yelled in savage glee who returned to the reservation, John was the and volunteered the opinion that the old Sioux only one who did not again take up with the old warrior got what he deserved. Big Horse, a Indian ways. Yet this youth, fighting to keep nephew of Sitting Bull, sprang at him. Both lads himself clean, came in time to see failure ahead were good in a rough-and-tumble fight, but Red for him unless he broke away from the reserva- Neck was more skilful as a boxer than his op- tion. The colonel gave the Indian permission to

return to duty after a ninety-day furlough. But would cut their legs and arms, stab their head~, John Frost did not return until years afterward. When the ex-scout came back to his tribe with and chop off the ends of their fingers, wailing and wife and children he found that Baptist churches, crying, "I shall never see you again; no never! under the leadership of men and women sent to Oh! What shall 1 do?" them by the Home Mission Societies, had been organized among the Crows. At first he kept away Thank God, these terrible things are not seen from the Gospel services but gradually the brave any more. Great changes have taken place and and sincere Christian living and achievement on many of the Crows are rejoicing in a Saviour's the part of the missionaries and their converts love, and climbing the trail to that happy land turned the heart of this Indian toward Christ. In above. There have been nearly five hundred bap- 1927 he was ordained to the Christian ministry tisms; we now have five Indian churches and our and is now pastor of the Indian church at Pryor, own Indian Association. There is so much to be Montana. Strong Face, his mother, is numbered thankful for. among the Christians of the tribe. Not many months ago, at the dedication of the new Chivers Shot-in-the-H~nd, one of the oldest members of Memorial Chapel for Indians at Lodge Grass, th~ tribe, just before he passed away prayed: "0 John had occasion to refer to the terrible vow of God, forgive me for cutting and scarring this his boyhood, body you gave me. Grant, 0 Lord, that not one of my children will do as I did in worshiping the The Testimony of John Frost wrong gods. I did not know any better."

Delegates to the Northern Baptist Convention Bear Claw, another old Indian who walked held in Chicago in 1927 will remember the testi- faithfully in the Jesus Road, said to me just bemony of John Frost that follows: ~ore he died, his face beaming with light and joy, The Indian is naturally religious; when he be- Brother, please do not pray for my recovery, for lieves he believes with all his might. If you had I am anxious to go to this place the missionaries come among us when Drs. Petzoldt and Kinney have told about, where there is no sorrow, and no did you would have found us worshiping idols. tears, and no good-bye, and I want to see the won- We believed in a Great Spirit, and we believed derful Jesus." that the mountain lions, the bears, the wolves, coyotes, and in fact all animals, birds, streams, These are some of the many things your misand springs were messengers of the Great Spirit. sionaries have brought to my people. Oh! If I When we used to roam the prairies and had to were a master of all the languages I could not find cross a creek or river, we gave some offering; if words to express my gratitude today for what the a river, a choice piece of meat or pemmican; if a Gospel has done for my people and for me. I can creek, beads. only say, God bless you, God bless the work and the workers among the Crows. In order to gain favor from these many message-carriers of the Great Spirit, worshipers Indian Reverence would go to the mountains and choose some high point, then fast for days, neither eating nor drink- With the life sketch of John Frost and his striking. In some cases they would chop off the index ing testimony in mind as recorded above, one may finger at the first joint as a sacrifice, or tear the more readily understand a statement by Henry strips of skin from the body as an offering. Again, Roe Cloud concerning the Red Man's spiritual histhey would set a post in the ground on some high tory and present attitudes. point, and on top of this post, which was nearly ten feet high, fasten a buffalo's or bear's head. Henry Roe Cloud, full-blooded Winnebago In- Two rawhide ropes which hung to the ground dian, newly appointed field representative of the were fastened to the post just below the head. Then the man who was to make the sacrifice had ~ureau of Indian Affairs, * is regarded as parhis breast bared and two strips cut in the flesh on each side. A stick was put under the flesh on each tIcularly fitted to act as an interpreter of the Inside of his breast, across, and fastened to the two dian to the Government and the Government to ropes from the post. He went around and around the Indian. He was born on the Winnebago Indian this post, pulling backward and blowing a whistle Reservation in Nebraska, attended the reservamade from the wing bone of an eagle. He went tion boarding school, and later went to a nonuntil he broke himself loose. After all day, if the reservation boarding school in Nebraska, to which skin refused to break, he was pulled loose by a come pupils from tribes such as the Omahas friend. When a dear one died, the relatives Winnebagos, Sioux, Cheyennes, and Assiniboins: By his own effort he secured a Master's Degree from Yale in anthropology, was graduated from Auburn Seminary, and was ordained a minister in the Presbyterian church. Each summer while attending school he returned for contact with his • Now Superintendent of Haskell Institute.

people, and after completing his education he entertain a living Person in ourselves. With that stayed for several years on the reservation, work- sort of a conception we attain what we call our ing with the Indian simply as one interested in spiritual development. We discover our incentive their welfare. The past seventeen years he has for life and we are forever hungry and reaching spent at the American Indian Institute which he after a certain nobility of soul. This all comes established at Wichita, Kansas. This is an ac- from that wonderful· fact that we have a living credited high school specializing in agriculture Being in us. God is so near to the consciousness and higher training for Indians. Said Mr. Cloud of the Indian that when he prays most of the time at the North American Home Missions Congress he says "My Father." He is so near, so present. in Washington, D. C.: I think the Indian has a distinct contribution to It is not hard for an Indian to grasp the teach- make to the Christian Church. It grows out of his ing that God is a Spirit and is living today as a centuries of experience in worshiping the Great personality in the hearts and lives and souls of Spirit. We have no absentee God; he is present men. Even I as a small child was taught to wor- always with us. That's the teaching of our peoship according to the teachings of Animism. The ple. The Indian through experience knows that conceptions of Animism, in brief, are these: Yon he is present, and out of that intimate contact personalize the forces of nature, give them a spir- with the unseen Father which is the great reality, itual personality, and then turn around and wor- he has developed this spirit of reverence which ship these forces of nature. You've got a God we all know that he has. Another thing that he right near you. You worship the thunder, the can contribute to the Christian Church according lightning, the water, the fire,· etc. You have a to my idea, is that when he confesses his sins, he spirit at your hand whichever way you turn. Take confesses his sins. He doesn't say as the white a race of people who believe in that, and it is not man does, "Oh, Lord, forgive my sins." The Indifficult for them to pass from that conception to dian goes right straight to his sins and tells the the other conception that God himself, through whole world what they are. There's a species of the teachings of God and the Bible, is living today sincerity and forcefulness in his confession to the with us, in us. We do not entertain high thoughts Great Spirit which might be of value to the Chrisand cultural ideas, and that sort of thing, but we tian Church.

CHIEF PLENTY COUPS CONFERS NAME "PLENTY CR,OWS" ON REV. JOHN FROST AT THE HOMESTEAD WILLED BY PLENTY COUPS AS A PUBLIC PARK FOR INDIAN'S AND WHITES

CHURCH AND SCHOOL AT

All the teachers are now natives but Mr. Morrison is the man in command and very efficiently so. He is In the front rank to the left.

Preaching and Practicing in Central Africa By MRS. JOHN M. SPRINGER, JadotviIle, Belgian Congo Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church I T WAS high noon and intolerably hot when we Not knowing which road to take on the other arrived at the Lubilash pontoon just as it side, we pulled up to a lad who wore an infini- loosed from the shore and slowly made its way tesimal piece of calico as his sole wardrobe and to the other side. The boat was loaded to the was lunching on a huge piece of sugar cane.

water's edge with natives and their loads of cotton "Where is Bibanga?" we asked. Without a word to be sold at t-qe Cotonco warehouse some miles and without stopping his mastication, he pointed further on. For two days the road had been full to a distant hill on which could be seen a light of cotton growers taking their loads to markets spot. It was the roof of the new Bibanga church.

from which the cotton would be shipped to Bel- Twelve kilometers of winding, narrow road lay gium. An hour later, the pontoon was back and ahead of us and as we rounded the hairpin turns our car rolled down the perilously steep bank and and looked down the precipitous sides into the onto the battered craft which was evidently valley hundreds of feet below, we wondered what stronger than it looked. would happen if we should meet another car. As [84 ]

PREACHING AND PRACTICING IN CENTRAL AFRICA

we rounded another sharp bend the new church when brought to the hospital; 110,000 intervenus was seen in its simple beauty and soon we were injections, and only 407 deaths, it is nothing short honking outside the McKees' door. of a miracle. Only a few years ago sleeping sick- In this Southern Presbyterian station at Bi- ness carried 98 % of its victims to the grave. bango there is a fine large school under Mrs. Mc- Kee's direction while Miss Allen was on furlough. During the past ten years there have been a total The new church will hold a thousand people and of 53,000 patients in the hospital. Of this num- ber, 11,000 suffered from hookworm. Most of us humans are as lazy as circumstances will allow, but the laziness of the African has been prover- bial. The truth is that much of his disinclination to do hard work was due to this insidious little worm which is in process of being vanquished, as well as the tsetse fly which causes sleeping sickness. What astonished me most was the amount of surgery done in the poorly equipped operating THE BEAUTIFUL NEW CHURCH AT BIBANGA CAN SEAT 1,000 PERSONS AND IS WELL FILLED EVERY SUNDAY is well filled every Sunday. But on our first visit to this station four years ago, the nurse, Miss Rogers, was bravely carrying on in the absence of Dr. Kellersberger. Now the doctor had returned and our main interest was in the medical side of the work.

Heathenism Is positive and not neutral as some suppose. For centuries babies whose mothers died at birth were buried alive with the mother. But for the arrival of the missionary. that would have been the fate of little Marco.

Photo by Mrs. J. M. Springer. theatre. A new government doctor remarked with scorn that he certainly would not try to operate Mary Is a beautiful Christian character and teacher. She has with such out-of-date instruments as those used worked hard and kept up with her husband through four years at Bible School and was the first woman to graduate from that in the hospital. school. Do missions pay? I'll say they do. Look at Mary. "Well," replied the doctor, "these are all I have Throughout Central Africa, Bibanga has be- and I've performed 35,000 operations with lumbar come almost synonomous with sleeping sickness. injections in the last ten years and have never had Dr. Piper, the Methodist medical missionary; con- a death; so matters might be worse." siders Dr. Kellersberger the greatest authority on sleeping sickness in the Congo, or at least in the We were taken into the "surgical ward," which Katanga. When one thinks of 9,735 patients of the doctor said that he was ashamed for us to see; this dread disease, many of them already insane and yet, it was the only place he had for these cases.

It was a small room not over 15×15 and so crowded that it was difficult to get through the door. Most of the beds were side by side and the patient whose bed prevented the full openirig" of the door had been brought in that morning with

a foot badly clawed by a lion. The man had this colony but the victims cannot be taken in climbed the nearest tree but it was not quite high faster than provisions can be made for them. enough for him to get entirely out of the maddened beast's way. Nearly a day had elapsed be- Many have been led to Christ and thirty-five fore the patient was brought to the hospital and have been admitted to baptism after giving proof the odor was .decidedly unpleasant. of their genuine conversion. This means a gen- uine turning to Christ from a life of sin. In every In the far corner lay another man who had also part of the manifold work the evangelistic spirit been in the hunt and the lion had badly chewed has been kept foremost. These people were his arm, but in both cases the doctor pulled them formerly wild and bloodthirsty tribes, many of through. Another patient had had a huge goiter them cannibals. The missionaries knew that removed and was doing well. It would be a bless- there was but one hope for them – that which ing if someone would give the brave doctor a new would come through the preaching and teaching surgical ward! of the Word of God and through belief in the sav- ing power of the Lord Jesus Christ. It is this that Another new feature is the leper colony only has transformed the whole section. three years old. Here 350 lepers and their families are in camp and live a normal life, seeking to Two weeks later we passed the old Luluaberg win their way back to health, so far as possible. Post where lies the body of the first missionary in This colony is in temporary huts but it has its this region, Wm. Summers M.D., a Methodist who own self-governing tribunal, fields at the foot of came out with Bishop Wm. Taylor's band in 1885 the ridge for raising grain. We marveled how to Loanda. The storms had erased his name on the cripples could get up and down the hill. The the tiny cross which the Government had placed colony also has its own church and school, with over Dr. Summer's grave, but neither time nor trained teachers and pastors, who have become eternity will wipe out the work done by those who keen voluntary workers as soon as they have be- not only preached Christ but lived Christ and died come lepers. There is a long waiting list to enter for Him in these villages of Central Africa.

Photo by Mrs. J. M. Springer. DR. KELLERSBERGER AND SOME OF HIS LEPER COLONISTS He thinks he, has every phase of leprosy and every specia ever discovered in this Colony.

Buddhist Priest to Christian

A Story of the Old Fukunaga-and the New By the REV. ALBERTUS PIETERS, D.D. The Reformed Church in America; Formerly a Missionary j§.- to Japan MANY years ago, in a hotel in the town of rank.as a samurai. This lasted, however, only a Usuki, on the east coast of Kiushiu, a short time, for presently, by order of the new group of Christian workers were chatting government, the clan forces were disbanded, and together when the conversation turned to the we, the two-sworded gentry, were disarmed. As black art. compensation I received a sum of money not real- ly very large, but a much greater sum than I had "Mr. Fukunaga," said I to a representative of ever had before. It was a great misfortune to the Bible Society, "Is it true that the Japanese me, for I had not the least idea how to use money people think we Christians deal in magic?" properly. I went at once to the brothels, and spent it all in riotous living. After that, I sank "Indeed it is," he replied, "and what is more, lower and lower, until I became a runner for a that idea led me first to listen to the preaching house of prostitution and a servant to a band of of the Gospel." 'geisha' (dancing girls). In this occupation I made it my business to tempt young men to their That evening Mr. Fukunaga told the story of ruin, and received a commission on the amount his early life before an audience that listened of money they spent in the brothels. Lust and. spellbound. In the main the tale was as follows. strong drink were my delight, so much so that if He said: I had no money to buy drink I would go about the banqueting hall when the guests had left, and "I had the misfortune to lose my mother when guzzle the few remaining drops left in the bot- I was very small, and was given over to a very toms of the cups. As I think of it now, I was cruel stepmother. One day, when I was five or just like one of those maggots that breed in rotsix years old, angered by something I had done, ten flesh; I lived in the midst of unspeakable she stripped me naked, bound my hands and feet, filth, and I thought it fine." and laid me among the bamboos where the mosquitoes were thickest. I would have died that Fukunaga's simile of the maggots,-which I have night, if the neighbors had not rescued me. never met elsewhere, seems most terrible and yet most appropriate description of a life of lust "Growing up under such care, I became a very and drunkenness, without reproaches of conbad boy. In my early teens my father decided that science, and before satiety has set in. "A maggot nothing good could be expected of me, so that I in a piece of putrid flesh!" What a picture of filth would better become a Buddhist priest. He ap- and enjoyment combined! I wonder whether it is prenticed me to a temple, where I remained for possible for a man brought up in a Christian several years. Under the tutelage of the priests community, however abandoned he may become, I learned to intone the prayers from memory, but to enjoy vice as heartily as a heathen does. I also learned from them many vices. Not one good thing did they teach me. To frighten me Fukunaga's redemption was drawing nigh. they told me that the idols would see and punish While living this kind of life, one day he called me if I disobeyed them. One day, in their absence, on a friend, who was a lantern maker. One form I scratched the back of one of the idols with a of advertising in Japan, much used also in evanknife, to see what it was made of. I found noth- gelistic work, is to hang out large lanterns, with ing but wood under the paint, so I replaced it on an inscription, advertising the wares in which the the shelf, and was afraid no more. merchant deals, or giving an invitation to a meet- ing. Fukunaga's friend was finishing one of these "When I became a young man, I ran away from large lanterns, and was writing certain large charthe temple and joined a band of men who lived acters on it. Fukunaga could not read, and asked by gambling and robbery. This kind of life was favored by the disturbed state of the country, it being about the time of the great revolution. When the authorities became too watchful to make that sort of life safe, I enlisted as a soldier. him what they were. The lantern maker read it I was very proud of my two swords and my new to him: [87 ]

"Makoto no Kami no Hanashi, 0 hairi nasai"- his pocket, no trade, and no place to sleep. He "A Talk about the True God, Come in." "Very had no idea how great a thing he had done, but he strange," said Fukunaga, "I've heard of all kinds had made the grand venture; he had taken his of gods, but I never heard of this one before. 'The place with the heroes of faith. "He went out, not True God,' what kind of a god is that?" knowing whither he went." He had chosen "rather "I do not really know," replied his friend, "a to suffer affliction with the people of God than to man came in and ordered it made this way. That's enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season." As he all I have to do with it. I think it is to be hung walked along, he remembered that the temple out in front of a place where they are going to priests had taught him a simple form of massage, teach Christian magic. You know the Jesus doc- practiced in Japan by men called "amma," usually trine, what a vile thing it is, and how long it has blind men; who announce their coming by blow- been forbidden; but now everything is going to ing on a whistle, that customers may call them in.

the dogs, and they are letting it come in again. I He bought a whistle, and that night he had five or say, Fukunaga, you'd better go in for it. There's six clients. At dawn he sought a lodging, jingling no telling how much money you may make if the coppers he had earned. "That jingle," he said, you're good at magic, and I guess it won't trouble "was the sweetest music I ever heard, for that was you any, no matter how bad it is." the first honest money I had earned in all my life."

Fukunaga thought that this was a good idea, The real business of his life became the telling so he went to his first Christian service. "There of the story of Jesus and His Salvation to all who were not many people present," he said; "just a few of us sitting on the floor around the sides of would listen. For several years he pursued the the room. Presently a young man came in, with calling of an "amma," in order that, like William a foreign shirt and drawers showing under his Carey with his cobbling he might "cover exkimono. Aha! I thought, here is the man wear- penses." So persistent and earnest was he that ing the magic garment! He distributed little the people of his community thought that he must hymn-books, which I took to be full of magical be a paid agent of the missionaries, and that he formulas. Then he stood behind a table, bowed pretended to be an "amma" in order to gain adhis head, shut his eyes, folded his hands, and be- mittance to their homes! He took a special intergan to talk in a low voice. I held my breath, for est in the "Eta," who are the outcastes, or pariahs, I thought he was repeating some incantation that of Japan. These poor people are not distinguishwould tUrn us all into cats and dogs, or that would able in appearance from the rest of the Japanese. produce some other wonderful result. But noth- Their legal disabilities have been removed by the ing happened, and I went away much disap- Government, but there is little relaxation of the contempt with which they are regarded by their pointed." countrymen. Since they are constantly increasing Later Fukunaga got acquainted with the in numbers, wealth, and "class conscious" resent- preacher, who was a theological student from the ment at the social ostracism to which they are Doshisha, in Kyoto, the famous school founded by subjected, they are a growing danger to the peace Joseph Neeshima: Mr. Fukunaga did not remem- and national unity of Japan. It is said that they ber a single thing he taught, but he made a won- are more ready than any other class to lend a lis- derful impression for all that. "He was the first tening ear to socialism and bolshevism.

young man I had ever met who lived a clean life!" In spite of all the earnest and persistent evan- It was my business to tempt young men to vice, gelistic work which Mr. Fukunaga did for several and I did my best on him, but he stood firm. This years in the province of Oita, there was little perwas a miracle to me. I had no idea that there ceptible result. In Korea a Christian worker of were such men." this kind leaves a trail of converted villages be- Little by little, Fukunaga felt himself drawn to hind him wherever he goes. In Japan the diffi- the Gospel, although at first he only dimly under- culty of Christian work is very much greater, stood. It was as if God had stretched out His compared with Korea. The mass of Japanese still hand, and was firmly, gently, irresistibly lifting feel profound fear and hatred towards the Gospel him up out of the slime in which he lived. The of Christ. entire Bible was not yet translated into Japanese, but he secured one of the Gospels, and was fired Mr. Fukunaga later became a Bible colporteur, with the ambition to learn to read it. All the time and rendered excellent service. Later still he rehe was continuing to lead his sinful life. ceived some training and became an evangelist. At the time of the great eruption of Sakurajima, Finally, one day, the inward struggle grew too near Kagoshima, some years ago, large numbers much for him. He yielded himself to God, and of peasants were rendered homeless because the walked out of the brothel, never to return. There lava overflowed their fields. To these unfortunate he was on the street, with only a few pennies in people the Government assigned waste lands in the

AN EXPERIMENT IN. CHRISTIAN FRIENDLINESS

province of Osumi. As they were entirely with- giving them the .excellent advice with which his out religion, no Buddhist priest even caring to wide experience of the world and his native isolate himself among them, Mr. Fukunaga under- shrewdness supplied him, and making friends with took the task of carrying them the Gospel, and the children. He has thus succeeded in gaining a there he lives today. At first he was not a wel- foothold for the Gospel where probably no other come addition to the community. He had expected man could have done it. He has won the cona certain amount of opposition, but noticing how fidence of the people, and converts have rewarded terrified the people appeared to be for the first self-sacrificing labor. day or two of his stay among them, he inquired about the cause, and found that the immediate Cheery, patient, hopeful, brave, pure in life and trouble was due to a small quantity of brown conversation, having a heart full of love to God onions which he had brought for seed. The com- and man, the new Fukunaga stands in the sharpmon people of Japan are firmly convinced that it est contrast to the old. It is not without reason is a regular Christian practice to steal or buy hu- that he is a firm believer in the Christian docman livers and use them for medicine. These trines, especially in the new birth. The first time little onions looked to them like dried livers! I saw him I asked how old he was and soberly he answered: "Ten years old last spring." With such a situation the first thing to do was to win the friendship and confidence of the people "What do you mean by that?" said 1. "You seem by Christian living. It was no time for preach- to be at least fifty." ing, but for practice. He went about, talking with them in a friendly way, relieving their bodily ills "Oh, to be sure," he replied, "if you ask about with his simple massage and homemade remedies, the first time I was born, that took place more than fifty years ago; but that first time doesn't count. I reckon my life from the time I was born again."

An Experiment in Christian Friendliness , By MRS. EDWIN H. KINNEY, Chicago Secretary of the Christian Americanization Department, Woman's American Baptist Home Mission Society T WELVE churches within one Baptist Asso- In so large a territory numerous tasks call for ciation in Michigan have carried through a a variety of talent. The use of a typewriter, abil- novel experiment in friendliness. The pas- ity in decorating, poster making, and managing tors and church members undertook together to games were a few of the ways through which the find out what Christ means for them in the com- cause of friendliness was served. One lady, not mandment, "Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thy- able to be as active but eager to work in a personal self." They recognized that he referred to no way, gave the daily use of her automobile for simple haphazard achievement. others to go calling, to attend meetings, and to transport foreign guests. The Secretary of the The territory of the Association covers eighty Michigan Baptist Convention drove one hundred miles in length. One evening each week for a and forty miles to take a party of Mexicans to a month, young and old, deacons, pastors, high nationality tea in one church, and to a prayer school stUdents, women's leaders, teachers and meeting in another. He does not speak Spanish pupils worshiped, talked, planned and played to- and not one of the people in his car could speak gether. They learned that friendliness can push English. But they worked out ways to cross the through age barriers, can cross the dividing so- language barrier. After that ride no doubt recial, educational and occupational lines. In ad- mained in the minds of the Mexican group redition to this All-Association evening each week, garding the approachableness of the Secretary they carefully planned activities in each local and his genuine appreciation of them. church-nationality teas; special Sunday morning services, sometimes with a speaker from out- Attendance increased at the weekly evening of side; midweek prayer meetings conducted by study and fellowship. The courteous attention Polish or Mexican or Russian Baptist guests. which marked the opening night deepened to an Frequently an interpreter was needed to translate earnestness, a longing to learn from the experithe words but there was never any need to inter- ence of others, a feeling of Christian fellowship pret their radiant faces. in the face of a common task. The evening meet-

ings opened with a brief wor:ship service and tries was a special feaure. The program opened closed with an hour of social games. For both of with everyone singing together What a Friend We these periods everyone stayed in one group. Then Have in Jesus, each person using the language the Secretary of the Christian Americanization most familiar. With the same variety in language Department of the Woman's American Baptist the song was followed by the Lord's prayer- Home Mission Society met with the pastors, while taught so long ago to non-English speaking disthe Missionary of the Department led the discus- ciples. This proved to be a happy reminder of the sion in the other section. Ignorance, the willing- fact that there is no difficulty over languages when ness to accept a passive well wishing as a substi- we come to the Father. tute for active good will, and everyday selfishness were discussed along with specific remedies pos- Then followed contributions from the various sible of immediate application. groups – music, vocal and instrumental, and a short play. A children's chorus, representing five The pastors' group took up the question as to nationalities, sang This Is My Father's World how the church can profit by increased friendli- and one of the pastors offered a prayer dedicating ness. After full discussion the idea of profit to the young life of the Association to a life of good the church was given up as a motive. Christian will. The national anthem of the Kingdom of courtesy was described as primarily concerned God, All Hail the Power of Jesus' Name, closed with the lives of people regardless of whether they the program. ever can or will do anything for the church. How the church can keep its true position in the loyalty There are three important results of the project. of its members without endangering loyalty to First, lessening of the feeling of separation, which God our Father, and His son Jesus Christ was one each of the churches had struggled under. These of the questions. churches are a cross-section of the Baptist con- stituency, English and foreign language churches, Much time was devoted to a consideration of large and small, city, village and rural. Informal ways in wliich active friendliness can be promoted acquaintance among the members has deepened among people of different national and religious the realization of how many Christians love the backgrounds. The more urgent need seemed to be same Lord and are eager to serve Him effectively. the choice of ideas and words with which to discuss religion or comfort in grief, meeting temp- Second, there is a better mutual understanding tation, or living without fear. Actual experiences between English and non-English speaking with those of Jewish and Roman Catholic back- churches. Several weeks after the conclusion of ground were described. There was no opportu- the month of Christian friendliness emphasis, the nity to establish confidence in a church and help pastor of the Russian Baptist Church came to the had to be immediate, specific, Christian and pastor of the nearest English-speaking church to warmly personal. discuss the problem of his Russian young people. He realized the inadequacy of his own church pro- At the end of the four weeks it seemed natural gram and he wished to see if the program of the to have a social gathering at which each person English-speaking church was adapted to his was tagged to indicate what language or lan- young people. Together they sought a solution guages he spoke. Eleven nationalities were rep- for the problem. resented. Of the five hundred present over one hundred could qualify for more than one tag even Third, there is an increased willingness to use though English was not always included. An ex- Christian friendliness as a way of finding life hibit of articles from thirty-three different coun- through losing it in the service of others in the name and spirit of Christ.

EXAMPLES IN MISSIONARY GIVING 1. A lady sent a conditional gift for $10,000 in the name of her sister who had loved the work of missions throughout her life. This investment will yield good returns.

2. A friend turned his life insurance and accident policies into an annuity gift at his death, to furnish a safe and high-yield income to his widow through her life.

3. Every family in a native Christian community in West Africa, is giving one month's aver- age income to support their church budget, the hospital service, their schools, and one full quarter to their missionary work for others in greater need.

4. One church, finding it necessary to decrease the missionary gifts in its budget, at once voted two special occasions in the year for extra offerings for missions.

"Reichskirche" in the New

r- By the REV. JULIUS RICHTER, D.D., Berlin, Germany Author of "Missions in India," etc., etc.

WE ARE living in Germany through a spiritual movement, has been appraised quite gen- quiet and bloodless yet thorough-going erally, particularly because the promise was defi- revolution with kaleidoscopic changes in nitely pledged that this unification does not change the situation almost from day to day. As a whole the denominational status.

the American public is better informed on the The gigantic task before this "Reichskirche" is daily events than the average German, as free to win back the estranged masses to the church. publicity is not allowed under the present condi- In the United States, according to a generous tions. I can only attempt to give a bird's-eye view statement, only about fifty per cent of the popof the main spiritual forces remolding the church ulation have any connection with the church. In life in Germany today. Germany-except the few millions of dissenters- The National Socialist revolution faces great all belonged nominally to the church, were bap- possibilities and gigantic difficulties. Adolf Hitler tized as babies, were given a thorough religious is attempting a reconstruction or regeneration of instruction and have been confirmed at fourteen.

the nation on the basis of Volksgemeinschaft, Many of them have maintained a very loose conthat is an altrustic fellowship of all nationals in a nection with the Church during the rest of their common social, national, economic and racial re- life. Yet about four-fifths of the population have construction under the overruling principle of become spiritually estranged from the Church, leadership. Hitler's aim is to fit together all na- and materialistic philosophy has planted into the tional resources in this gigantic attempt to rebuild hearts of the millions of laborers an antipathy, if the broken down states on a basis quite different not hatred, to the Church which has been accen- from the liberal democracy of the Anglo-Saxon tuated lately by godless communistic influences. nations. His aim is to establish a totalitarian A thorough-going success in reclaiming these state, one in which aIr efforts in the diverse fields masses to the Church would be acclaimed with of religion, education, economics, politics and so- gratification. Three main difficulties stand in the cial life will be coordinated under one unifying way. There is a strong group of devoted, con- will with one preconceived goal. The Christian servative pastors who have cultivated the church Church is looked upon as the soul of this totali- life for generations on the basis of the Bible as tarian state, to supply it with the indispensable interpreted by the Lutheran and Reformed con- religious and moral stamina. This definitely is fessions. Six thousand pastors have united as part of Adolf Hitler's program. an emergency federation of church leadership, The first step for its realization was the unifica- and offer formidable opposition to the "German Christians." It is said, perhaps not without reation of the twenty-eight territorial churches into son, that this group of the Church Christians or one united "Reichskirche" which is supposed to be "Young Reformers" have inherited achievements an independent church with scarcely more legal connection with the State than the free churches with little likelihood that they will succeed in of America. In Germany there is little of the reaching the estranged masses. Some of them widespread denominationalism so well known in may be regarded as reactionaries and opponents the United States. Thirty million Protestants are of the Hitler state-a very awkward position al- enrolled in the so-called "United Churches" (that most regarded as high treason. is churches in which Lutheran and Calvinistic The ruling group, or "Faith Movement of Gercongregations were united in one administrative body more than one hundred years ago). There man Christians," is hardly more than two years are also eight million orthodox Lutherans, two old, yet it has developed an unusual organizing power and has usurped a seventy-five per cent million Calvinists and other groups of Episcopal majority in all synods, church courts and other Methodists, Baptists, United Brethren, Christian official positions. They form an easy majority in Science, Mormons and others. This unification in the church, and their idealism and a strong power one "Reichskirche," though not the result of a leads them to make the best of their commanding [91 ]

position. Their program is good and the buoyant mind and soul of the ancient past is becoming vital nationalistic enthusiasm sweeping through all dis- again. Philosophers of the nationalistic move- tricts and classes calls for a similar movement in- ment will argue that after all the racial character side the Church. It is working according to the of the nation is finding its genuine expression in principle of communicating test tubes-when the definite types of ethical ideals and of national cus- water is rising in one tube it will rise correspond- toms and later superimposed religions, such Chris- ingly in the connecting tube also. tianity in the Teutonic tribes, have either subli- The great danger is that this spiritual revival mated that indestructible national ethic or have under nationalistic influence may mean a "nazi- seriously impaired and crippled it. Nobody will sation" of the Church, a leavening of the church be surprised that in Germany flaming nationalism life with the ideas and ideals of the Nazi state. has shown a racial trend so that groups have Take for example the application of the Aryan emerged who longingly look back across and be- paragraph to the pastors and other officers of the yond the Christian era to the almost forgotten church; or the attempts to dissolve Christian vague past. The heroic genius of the Nordic race youth organizations into the political "Hitler has a curious attraction for many young Nazis.

youth" ; or the attempts to eliminate the Old There are plenty of types and groups of attempted Testament from the Bible or even the crucifix reconstructions of the ancient German past. The from the altar. These are extremist demands of aim of some of these leaders is to constitute this the radical wing of the German Christians and German neopaganism in one or other form as they have already resulted in splits of the move- "the third confession" with equal right and possi- ment. Evidently the way of the German Chris- bilities side by side with Roman Catholicism and tians is not clear. Protestantism. It is not easy to say what is the These various groups are maintaining their relation of Christianity to this modern national church connection and are basing their program socialistic view.

on Christian foundations. Yet in a nationalistic These are some of the perplexities of the situa- revolution of such thorough-going character as the tion of the "Reichskirche" in the modern national National Socialist movement, it is easy to see that socialistic State. We are living in a period of more radical revolutions may develop. There are thorough-going revolution. Changes are as rapid enough parallels in other countries. In Persia as surprising, and everything seems to be in a the nationalism has attempted to revivify ancient state of flux. Yet after all the religious tradition Parsiism; in Turkey the legendary "grey wolf" of two thousand years of church history and the is getting new sympathies. Usually the religious memory of the Reformation is strongly in favor conceptions are lost sight of in the ethical move- of the decidedly Christian and Evangelical char- ment. The subconscious ethical structure of the acter of the German church of the future.

HOW A GREAT WORK BEGAN The Rev. Charles H. Posnett, the Medak missionary who has had such a remarkable work among the caste people of India, tells the following story: Miss Harris, on a jungle expedition to villages in Hyderabad State, encountered a very old man begging her to do something for a sick man on a litter. No response had come from years of work in that district by Dr. Posnett, his sister and Miss Harris. Here was a man dying of cholera. She reasoned: "If I do any- thing for him and he dies people will say that I have poisoned him."

Nevertheless she did not resist the call of human need. She tended him, knowing he was dying, doing all the disagreeable things a nurse has to do for a cholera patient there in the jungle. The villagers came around and, pointing at her scornfully, said: "She must have been a scavenger" (the lowest occupation known in India).

The man died, and Miss Harris received no thanks from anybody. She was avoided and criticized and thought, "I have done more harm than good." But six months later the old man came to see Dr. Posnett and called to his memory that night: "I heard the scornful remarks about her being a scavenger. It was wonderful that she should go through all that to help my son who was dying. I have now brought all my family. We want to have the religion that could make her do that."

That was the beginning of the great mass movement in which these Indian outcastes have become so sure of Christ that they are making a tremendous impression on caste people so that they too are coming to Christ. They see that the outcastes who become Christians have the same principle of life and service as Miss Harris revealed.

Dnyanodaya.

Indian Ashramas*

-o!fl By N. }OARDAR, M.A., Lucknow Coll.g. II~ A SHRAMAS are growing in number in India. Our society is full of ills out of gear. Its prob- In 1930 I heard of seven of them; last April, lems are many and complicated. Their solution I came to know of nineteen, of which eight presupposes close observation, collection of facts, are only a year old. What makes them grow so analysis, formulation of a hypothetical solution fast? What function do they discharge? and then bold experimentation. It needs above all In ancient India, the ashrama denoted the four- clear, sincere thinkers who have a message to give.

ford division of ljfe-studentship, householder's But a man who has a message to impart has to life, retirement, and life of sharing and teaching. accept the twofold challenge of the day; firstly, After initiation, at the age of eight or ten, boys he has to demonstrate that it is practicable; sec- repaired to the house of a teacher and lived the ondly, he has to prove that he is sincere. The life of discipline, controlling their tongues, stom- former implies that he should show the usefulness achs, and arms. Spending at least twelve years in of his message by trying it, with a group of peo- the guru's home and vigorously studying the dif- ple under more or less normal social conditions, ferent branches of knowledge, the youthful stu- while the latter involves that the preacher him- dent left the gurukul to marry and start life on his self must practice what he is willing to preach.

own account, while the more studious ones kept on If the first condition is not satisfied, the message following their lone quest. is ruled out by the sceptically minded as fantastic The Aryan householder, in the second stage of and when the second is not fulfilled, the charge of life was enjoined to live not for himself but for insincerity is brought to the door of the preacher.

God and His creation. When his children grew The institution of the ashrama lends itself to the up and were able to take care of themselves, he re- effective preaching of a message today. The entired with his wife from the active management of thusiastic earnestness of the people who gather in his home to the outskirts of the forest to watch the an ashrama together with that of the people who actions of his offspring and pray for himself and come to share, insures the condition of sincerity, the world. while the scrutiny of a strong group, along with This life of watching and praying in the third the practical success achieved in the working of stage was succeeded soon by the fourth when the the program in an ashrama, satisfies the ques- Aryan retired with his wife to the heart of the tion of practicability. Thus people who have a forest to live in leafy huts, meditating and impart- message to give start with an ashrama today. ing truth to the friends and students who gathered round him. Tagore has one at Shantiniketan, Gandhi at Sa- barmati, Aurobindo Ghose at Pondicherry; Va- This was the conception of the ashrama in the swani at Rajpur; Jack Winslow at Poona; Stanley heroic age of India. It expressed a view of life J ones at Sat-Tal.

which was ultimately based on spiritual values. An ashrama is not a medireval monastery. Its Life spent in the forest was the climax for which usefulness in the modern world increases with the every other stage existed. Naturally, within a emphasis it lays on practice along with the inshort time, the word ashrama came to indicate the tellectual comprehension and mental vision of the fourth stage in life, given to quiet meditation and solution of a problem. An ashrama should deal realization of God. In course of time, the mean- with real problems, with the whole of life. The ing took a material form and came to denote a danger is, the ashrama has a tendency to assimilsylvan retreat, a place of meditation. ate to the old monkish ideal of asceticism and monasticism which has to be closely guarded When I think of an ashrama, I look for a place against. Withdrawn from the work-a-day probof quietness and natural beauty for they induce lems of life, absorbed in the contemplation of abcontemplation and thought of God. But more than struse things, the pull towards medirevalism is that I think of an eager band of people who are great. The ashrama should face the real probgiven to that form of life. It is the human interest lems of life as the corrective to this gravitating that dominates my conception of an ashrama.

• From The Indian Witness, August 3, 1933. force .

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No ideal "is greater than the ideal of building itual values. It is above all a place of ceaseless the Kingdom of God in the world. It challenges prayer and infinite strivings. our artistic, scientific and commercial activities, both social and personal. It calls forth all our How is an ashrama to be financed? An ashfaculties to examine the different values of life. rama ought to be self-supporting and self-propa- It deals with real problems. It gives scope to the gating. But in the beginning it has to be endowed. dreams of a visionary and the practical idealism A few acres of land should be an adjunct to an of a far-sighted statesman. Above all, it is the ashrama. The inmates should work. " Some will center and core of the teachings of Christ. farm, some will teach the children, the rest will do some other useful work in the colony. The The building of the Kingdom of God is to me ideal ashrama is a self-contained unit. It should the ideal that should be kept before every ashrama. be able to supply the simple needs of the colonists A group living together, accepting Christ as the as far as possible. It may even supply the wider center and measure of things, and trying to solve needs of other people. No work is unwholesome the problems of life as they present themselves, to an ashrama. Every work is God's work if based honestly and courageously, in the light of the on spiritual values. The ashrama should preach teachings of the Master-this is the vision I have the dignity of labor and spiritualize it. of a Christian ashrama. Now comes the information that Mahatma The ashrama not only deepens one's Christian Gandhi's Ashram at Sabarmati has been disconviction in life, but it also effectively spreads it. banded, without any previous warning. No ade- It is an instrument of evangelism. It has been quate reason has been given and it may be taken pointed out already that the acharyya (instructor) for granted that Gandhiji has reached the conreflects the glory of the master. People, corning clusion that at present this Ashram served no very in touch with Christ and in contact with one an- well defined purpose. Gandhiji has been able to other, kindle the flame of their lives and grow in spend very little time at his Ashram for a number spirit. Thus the ashrama colony soon becomes of years 'and it is impossible for anyone to cona tingle with a new light, a new vision. Life be- duct an Ashram effectively except the one who gets life. It never remains confined within nar- has been led to found it. Many are willing to imrow limits. The spirit of the ashrama spreads. mitate Gandhiji in his every attitude and action New conversions are made; fresh groups are but imitation does not produce life. formed. Thus the ideal of building a newer and braver world progresses. Thus an ashrama effec- This act will be a severe blow to the Ashram tively evangelizes. method of social and religious work. Mr. Gandhi himself has said that he expects each inmate of The evangelistic method of an ashrama is con- his Ashram to become "a walking Ashram." centric. The message goes from the leader to the These 'walking Ashrams' are to be responsible for group; the group spreads it to newer and wider "realizing the Ashram ideal" wherever they may circles. The message thus spreads in ever-widen- be. He also is reported to have said that breaking ing circles. This is the special method of India up the Ashram and scattering the members abroad and probably has a justification in the considera- "would be greater incentive to greater effort, tion of methods of evangelism in this country. greater dedication and greater sacrifice." Does Hinduism is deeply entrenched. Thousands of this mean that his Ashram has been a school for years have encrusted its shell. Whirling cam- training and that now those who are trained need paigns produce a ripple on the surface in India; no further guidance but are to be sent forth to and soul remains undisturbed. Qualitative work exert their influence upon others by "realizing the is needed to effectively preach the message, spe- Ashram ideal"? If, as we have been told, the cially, to the educated upper classes. An ashrama Ashram method is a complete answer to all our problems in social and religious work, then w~ is a helpful instrument in this respect. may well ask why the premier Ashram should be disbandoned. An ashrama is thus a colony of men and women, living in a quiet place and solving the problems Service is not primarily a matter of technique of life as they arise in their lives. It is a place but of self-sacrificing devotion. Plenty of folks in where frankness, sincerity and humility are the the world are willing to run around seeking new essential conditions. It is a powerhouse of intel- and miracle-working methods. The sacrificial delectual and spiritual strength that flows into hu- votion which has produced results in the face of man lives when they are surrendered to God. It unlimited difficulties is what the world needs tois an abode of peace where nature brings quiet- day as it has always needed. The 'Ashram ideal,' ness and beauty to enrich human conceptions of the 'Ashram method,' are nothing in themselves life and death. It is a place where the daily prob- when separated from self-sacrificing devotion that lems of our world are lifted to the plane of spir- is not concerned with imitation or with popularity.

Ways of

rr'ested Metlwds for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~,–=–==–===—=================~,,~ A SUMMONS TO THE The Atmosphere ment or a side room of the PRAYER LIFE Ruth Esther Wheaton, writ- church, offers a resisting barrier The approach of the World ing in The New York Christian to the sense of worship. When Day of Prayer (February 16th) Advocate under the caption of that is true, bring in rugs, floor brings us anew not only to the "Think on These Things," says: matter of adequate preparation lamps and flowers to make the for that service and for mission- "In planning the devotional ary devotionals in general but to service, the leader should re- place more attractive. Then the paramount necessity for member that women' coming undergirding all our endeavor from various types of homes have lighted candles on the table with prayer. The dynamic of bring diversified experiences to or a picture of the Christ or the meeting. Their minds are some symbol to focus the atten- tion and lend help in guiding the thoughts.

the Master's life, the practice full of their own affairs. Some The Music through which He invariably come flurried and out of breath tapped the reservoir of power trying to keep up with an over- "Music is a rich medium for for service or redemptive suffer- crowded program. Others are helping to create atmosphere.

ing, must not be allowed to de- filled to the brim with thoughts Quiet music may be employed generate into an accepted form of their aches and pains, real with telling results as an apfor opening a religious meeting and imaginary. A few may or shunted into second place carry in their hearts ill will and proach to the devotional lesson whenever life crowds heavily resentment more fatal than the to further the mood and the deupon us. Our present spiritual ill health. . . . . . . If the spiritual sire for prayer. A wise choice depression has a complexity of needs of this group are to be must be made of the hymns to sources, but the tap root of them met, the women must grow calm be sung. Every devotional servall is the neglect of the practice and relaxed. Rushing into the ice should be built around a of the presence of God. The devotional hour with no prep- theme, with all factors in accord combined creative activity of all aration of the heart and mind so that there is some relationthe political economists in ship between the different parts Christendom cannot bring real will leave them mere listeners or of the devotions. Hymns should prosperity amidst this tangle of onlookers. The task is to unify be selected that will aid in the problems old and new until we the thinking of this group and to carrying on of the thought. open the clogged channels of di- bring a sense of the presence of vine wisdom and power to blaze God, which after all is the real · ….. Last – minute hun tin g a trail to a more Christlike social purpose of a worship service. through a hymn book for a song will seldom result in a happy "A reverent atmosphere is es- order. Why talk of restoration sential. But this atmosphere is contribution to the program.

or return of prosperity? We an elusive thing. It is sensitive. · ….. Very often our singing is never have been a "Christian It is subject to change. It is meaningless because we have nation" or had a social order re- perishable. . ….. If it is pro- dropped the stanzas containing motely approaching the ideals of tected and not shattered by ir- the heart of the thought ….. .

the master Economist of them relevant matter it will adhere Sometimes a careless announce- all. This "new deal" will have and continue its inspiration in ment that we will sing the first to be prayed as well as planned memory. . ….. It is well to and last stanzas of a hymn may and worked through. So be it make a ruling that no one is to mean a repetition of the same clearly understood that none of be admitted into the room dur- words. . ….. We defeat one of the following suggestions for de- ing the devotions. If the meet- the purposes of singing if we do votionals will be more than me- ing is in a home where doors not use familiar tunes ….. .

chanical devices unless they are cannot be closed, let someone be 'Study the hymn book' is sound energized by spiritual power and stationed at the outer door to advice to the devotional leader.

met half way with the recep- warn late-comers to be silent. · ….. Prayer hymns make an tivity of recognized need for "Sometimes the meeting place, effective beginning for the Divine Wisdom. if it happens to be in the base- prayer season."

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Planning the Meeting dramatized, if reverentially han- 3. Why? The Wise Men, to wor- dled. A correspondent writes: ship; the frightened disciples, for A service leaflet by the Wom- safety; the lepers, for healing; the Wanting to feature the book "Prayer sisters, for comfort; the thief, for an's Board of The United and Missions," by Helen Barrett Mont- salvation; Simon and his companions, gomery, we selected five women to rep- for others. They had already found Lutheran Church says in sub- resent, respectively, the Spirit of Mis- Him for salvation, for healing, for sions, the Spirit of Service, the Spirit safety and companionship. Now their stance: of Love and the Spirit of Prayer. To quest is for another purpose-for make attractive tableaux, they were others. Their first word on finding "Choose carefully those who simply draped in white, light blue, Him is, "Master, all men seek Thee." take part in the program. corn color, rose and lilac or grey re- spectively. The Spirit of Missions Having found Him daily for our Prayer week is not a place for summoned the others to give a record own comfort, companionship and heal- of the women of the churches during ing, we need most of all to find Him practice. The feeling of un· the past year in their endeavor for for others; for consciously or uncon- missions. The Spirit of Giving told of sciously they do want Him or what He broken "together-communion" is the League of Tithers, of sacrificial only can give. We are in danger of giving, drives and other ways of rais- neglecting this as we rush from one helped by omission of names of ing missionary funds. The Spirit of meeting, conference, committee to anindividuals giving word and song Service described White Cross work, other, forgetting in our multiplicity missionary boxes and barrels filled, lo- of occupations that we must follow messages. Have printed slips cal needs supplied, etc. The Spirit of closely ourselves if we would proffer announcing meetings or an- Love told of friendly contact with Him to others. That is what our mis- New Americans. The Spirit of Prayer sionary work means-Christ for nouncements after close of meet- very mee~ly said she could tell noth- others, in our home, our community, ing. Leaders making their own ing that she had done but wished to our country, our whole wide world. meditations and providing their tell what the Lord had done in answer This ideal gives a glow and a value to own material for prayer will to prayer, her part being gleaned from all tasks-raising money, reaching recognize the value of using the Chapter 3 of the book. Then she sum- strangers, teaching, awakening the in- Scripture given; of simple, di- moned missionaries, Orientals, etc., different-all efforts at extending His rect messages; of positive, con- who gave instances of wonderful an- Kingdom. structive material; of making swers to prayer taken from Chapters music and all parts of the serv- 4 and 5. At the close the spirits Making Money Talk ice into a unity; of reverent agreed that the Spirit of Prayer had rendition. Short periods of accomplished more than all of them Next to the matter of spiritual silence properly placed deepen combined could have done without her. enlargement, the greatest quesdevotional feeling. . ….. Pre- tion confronting our missionary vious to meetings, mail or deliver A Good Devotional Service organizations today is that of topic announcement slips to all finances. It cries out like a shut-ins. Urge them and all "Finding the Mas t e r" is hungry wolf at the door of every who cannot attend in person to abridged from a service of that board room and every treasread Scripture and pray daily title in a set of six devotional urer's office. Many who formerly during the week." outlines published by the Baptist stood like Gibraltar for spiritual- Board of Missionary Coopera- ized benevolences versus com- Miss Grace Jessop, of Petos- tion. It may be expanded into mercialized plans have apparkey, Michigan, sends this ap- an effective keynote talk or as- ently been driven into retreat by preciation of THE REVIEW: signed in its subdivisions to sev- economic necessity. It is not for "During the services on the eral speakers who furnish the· us to dictate the details; but we World Day of Prayer, to fill in entire program. can at least insist on giving a the empty spaces, we used ar- spiritual atmosphere and content ticles on the different countries Scripture: Mark 1: 21-38. for every device used in church from THE MISSIONARY REVIEW 1. Where? The Wise Men found finances. The following excerpts magazines of last year, taken Him in a manger; His parents in the from. many sources may prove from the public library. As Temple; the lepers, on the common suggestive in accomplishing this. there were to be prayers for cer- highway; the disciples, on the stormtain countries, we would have a tossed sea; Mary and Martha, in their Programs on money in "The five-minute article on each of home of sorrow; the thief, on the Window of Y. W. A." (Young these precede the prayer. Many cross; two of His disciples, at a Women's Auxiliary) of the remarked that they enjoyed the humble supper table; Simon and his Women's Board in the Southern program." This is as it should companions, in the early morn a great Baptist Convention, mention the be – informed instead of rote while before day, in a solitary place, use of: prayers to conform with a pro- praying. Is there anything we need gram. Certain women's circles more in all our work than to find the Posters: "Money – a Force" follow the custom of giving out Master? -sketch of large pile of money a topic at each monthly meeting 2. How? The Wise Men found Him or cut-out pictures of same to be investigated or studied so by a long journey; the disciples by pasted on cardboard, with the that all may come to the ensuing fear of shipwreck; the lepers, wearily question, "What Can It Do?" meeting prepared to pray intel- waiting by a dusty roadside; the followed by time and place ligently about the person, field thief, in bodily pain and anguish; where one may find out. Or or movement to be considered. Simon and his companions, by follow- fasten a coin to a poster and ing after Him. Is there any way by print, "Is It Yours? Enter Devotional services other than which we as missionary workers can claim at (time and place)." those on the World Day of find Him save by following after Him? Prayer may occasionally be And is it not true that the closer we follow the more quickly and surely we find Him?

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

Programs: Three members Money" (Mary with her ala- ture, "The Hope of the World," give talks on "Money-a Force," baster box, the rich young ruler, this being also the subject of the a fourth impersonating money and the widow with her mite) ; sketch. Summoning boys and and being claimed in turn by the injunctions to giving, etc. Bible girls of Britain and a variety of three for evil, for good and for teachings about money might foreign lands, he appeals to them the Kingdom. Or a trial of center around the three ques- to spread the message of the picmoney may be arranged with ac- tions: ture in order to rally new workcusation that "money is evil" ers for the Lord Jesus Christ. and witnesses called for prose- "Why isn't this money in my While its music, I written in the cution and defense. Or have a hand mine?" English Sol – F a symbolism, debate on the proposition that a would be unfamiliar to us in Christian's use of money is a "May I not keep it stored America, its message is univerfair test of his religious profes- away for awhile?" sal and awakens hearty resp~nse. sion. Topics for elaboration The sketch is suitable for mismay be: "How must I give?" sion bands and Sunday school "Thought Questions" are con- (1) "How Money Talks," one sidered thus: gatherings.* A free program impersonator saying, "Hold me and I will, etc."; another, Turn out all lights except a on "The Band of Hope and the "Spend me for self-indulgence strong flashlight or spotlight World Outlook" gives excellent and I will make you, etc."; a trained on a blackboard or temperance programs for six third saying, "Give me away for poster on which the following months. the benefit of others and I will appear in turn, one minute bereturn in streams of spiritual ing permitted for consideration Capitalizing February: The revenue to your soul," etc. of each topic: month lends itself to services featuring patriotism, birthdays, (2) "Examining a S i I v e r If you ever have wealth what an adaptation of valentines, etc. Dollar" – explaining how the will you do with it? How do One missionary organization date on a dollar held up to the you know that you will ? writes that it held its February audience shows how many years meeting in connection with a have passed since Jesus came to Salvation is God's gift to you chureh dinner, with puzzles the world and gave the Great but its increasing value to you written in white ink on red, Commission; the word "liberty" will be largely determined by the heart-shaped cards and laid at suggests texts expressing Jesus' price you pay to demonstrate its the plates as ice-breakers and proclamation of liberty to those power in world salvation. relishes during the meal. The bound in sin; the laurel wreath puzzles were all based on the calls to mind the crown that Will you rearrange your life names of well-known missionshall not fade away; the words, activities, your expenditures, in aries of the denomination, little "In God We Trust" make us the light of the Great Com- clews or additional facts about think of "Lo, I am with you al- mission? the names played upon being way"; the eagle suggests those added. Here are some samples: For Christ's sake help thy fellow men, (1) One who makes bread. who shall have their strength re- And make thy gold thy vassal, not thy What is his field? (Baker, in newed day by day; "E pluribus India.) (2) Perhaps -long in unum" (from man y- 0 n e) king. Africa. (Dr. Katherine Mabie.) stands for the unity of all na- (3) A builder in stone. (W. G. tions in Christ; the bunch of Timely Tidbits Mason.) arrows in one foot of the eagle makes us think of the speed with The Christian Mission in The ensuing missionary toasts which the Gospel message should America, by Hugh T. Kerr were in valentine terminology. be broadcast; and the olive (cloth, $1.00; paper, 60 cents), The parallel between Washingbranch in the other foot typifies is characterized as "a great book ton and Lincoln, as American the way in which every Chris- for preachers written by a great patriots, and such world statestian should be a messenger of preacher." In addition to its men among missionaries as Livpeace. use in study classes and discus- ingstone, Paton, Judson, etc., is sion groups, it may well become easily worked out if the patriotic (3) "World Traveling Dol- the basis for sermons which aim keynote is to be taken. lars" would be a good topic for to present the great issues facan address on the fields to which ing the Church today, showing Growing Old our missionary money goes, or how the Gospel has transformed the manner in which it is sub- individuals and renewed society Let us grow lovely growing old; divided for the support of a co- wherever it has been presented So many fine things to do. operative plan. and "challenging the Church to undertake with deeper devotion Laces and ivory and gold and silks A good devotional service may and united strength the Chris- Need not be new. include Bible readings on the use tian mission in America." or abuse of money: "Three New And there is healing in old trees, Testament Characters and Their Rev. Watcyn M. Price, Or- Old streets a glamour hold; ganizing and Traveling Secre- tary for Foreign Missions in the Why may not I, as well as these, Presbyterian Church of Wales, Grow lovely growing old? has published a dramatic mis- sionary sketch for children cen- • c. M. Book Agency, Caernarvon, Wales. tering upon the celebrated pic- Price, three pence.

~' ~

i BULLETIN OF I I The Council of Women for Home Missions : I ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK !

~"=============I~ Pray for the peace of Jerusalem. tenance. In the times of eco- By Courtesy of Religio'lS nomic depression, prayer for Are we praying for peace? these special groups of children J[o.t-ion Pictu'J-c Foundation. When? How? and young people has increased. The offerings have decreased YAKIMA RESERVATION, VASHINGTON Are we acting for peace? somewhat. It has been reported When? How? before in these columns how in captive orphan children of the some lands fruits and vegetables Apaches with whom they fought The Trail Is Beautiful. Be and the like ( … such as I have, and won. Papago mothers re- Still. I give you) have been dedicated ceiving the children and caring and then sold in order to realize for them made a song which The old man, with his face still the money gift. was: serene after years of hardship, smiled at his little Chipmunk. The four missionary enter- Men shouting "brother," "Repeat the words I have taught prises, thus maintained, are Men shouting "brother," you, shi yazhi. Repeat them Christian Literature for Chil- Among the mountains they have every morning when you greet dren of Other Lands, Christian the sun. Repeat them now." Service Among Children of Mi- taken little Apache children grant Laboring Families, Union where the sun went down in Na Nai said in a low voiee: Christian Colleges of the Orient, sorrow, and Religious Work in United All women, what shall we do to Put your feet down in peace. States Indian Schools. realize this? Put your hands down in peace. Put your head down in peace. THE INDIAN AMERICAN -Source Unknown. Then your feet are peaceful. TODAY Then your hands are peaceful. CHRISTIAN LITERATURE Your body is peaceful. We of the Church who work Your mind is peaceful. with the Indian Americans are How happy are the little chil- Your voice is peaceful. learning that ours must be a dren in our land for whom there For, my children, remember this, ministry to the whole person- are story books, picture books, The trail is beautiful. Be still. ality-the religious education of children's magazines and li- an individual is a process of braries; but in many lands there "Yes, the trail is beautiful," growth within. Our pattern for is no such provision for the hapsaid uncle, "even though there this is "the beauty and grace of piness of little children. So we are rocks which crush the seeker the Lord Jesus Christ." Weare who have known the joys of of light, reeds that cut him to working with the Indian as a libraries and books are providpieces, cactus that grows thick unified self, knowing that his re- ing for the publication of thirlike forests, to tear with its ligious education may not be teen magazines in eleven differthorns, and terrible boiling separated from his family life, sands that engulf. Even though his tribe, health conditions, opthere be dangers like these, still portunities for recreation as well the trail is beautiful." (p. 193.) as education, economic and mental well-being. As Protes- Quoted by permission of Longmans, Green tant groups we endeavor to make & Co., from "Dark Circle of Branches," b,' a united approach to Indian Laura Adams Armer. youth in the government day and boarding schools in a religious In the observance of the education program suited to World Day of Prayer, there is their various needs, and desires place for free-will offerings and dreams. which by agreement of church women promoting the observ- Sorrows of Mothers ance of the Day are designated for missionary enterprises, two Long time ago Papago Indian in the homeland and two in other warriors returned with little lands. This has been done for enough years to make each of [98 ] the enterprises dependent in part on these gifts for main-

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

GIRLS REPRESENTING NATIONS, DAY OF PRAYER, 1933 UNNECESSARY Taken in Front of the Church SUFFERING Dr THE PANJAB MISSION "The case that caused greatest concern was a little child of five Key to snapshot, reading from left to right: years of age. She had a badly contracted knee which was prob- Standing: England, China, Africa, South America, Japan, Europe, North American In- ably of tubercular origin. The dian, Islam (in burqa), Spain, India, knee had been bad for some two years, had only been to a doctor Seatecl: Maori, Eskimo. MRS. J. H. ORRISON. once when it started and he 'put medicine on it,' evidently to keep ent languages and many books been built; the colleges have in- it draining. The child could that the children in mission creased in enrollment and have scarcely touch her toes to the lands may have wholesome and broadened in scope. They have ground and walked with the aid helpful reading. Bible stories been strengthened by the leader- of a crutch that was about five are in demand. The children of ship they have produced. inches too short for her. An orthe Philippines want a maga- thopedic surgeon in San Franzine. The mothers of Persia are SCHOOL GIRLS IN INDIA cisco became interested when he asking for a manual on child heard of the case and arranged care. There are priceless oppor- Twelve girls represented the hospitalization for her. He tunities for the expansion of this nations. Each held in her hand agreed to do the necessary surwork. A book or magazine can a small candle. A large clock gery without cost to the parents. carry the Christian message face made of cardboard was set Everything possible was done to where a missionary cannot go. in front of the pulpit. On a save the foot and leg, but in table were set a small globe, an January her leg was amputated UNION CHRISTIAN COL- open Bible and a tall lighted above the knee. LEGES OF THE ORIENT candle. A bell was used to strike the hours. The minute hand re- "She came through the second The story of the Seven Union mained at twelve. At the stroke operation very well, but contin- Christian Colleges of the Orient of one on the bell the hour hand ued to run a temperature. An is well known to the women of was set forward to one o'clock examination revealed an abscess America, who have followed and the globe turned so that the in the other hip. The attitude with interest the organization of light of the candle shone on that of the family had been very fine the colleges, five of them during part of the world where the day war years and two as they have begins, the islands of the South CHILD OF A MIGRANT FAMTLY developed from high schools over Sea. A girl representing the San Joaquin Valley, 1933 a period of twenty-five years. primitive people of those islands They are graduating more than (Maori) with tousled out hair throughout. Since they have 200 young women each year, and and grass skirt, came forward left the camp, they have correthe influence they exert is felt and lighting her small candle at sponded with me and expect to throughout the Orient. the large one on the table, she go to 'peas' in the section where turned to the congregation and I shall be. What suffering could The story of the campaign said, "Jesus says, Follow Me." have been avoided if there had when the women ~ of America She then went and stood in front been a nurse to follow up the raised two million dollars and on one side, holding her lighted case two years ago!" claimed a third million from the candle. La u r a Spellman Rockefeller H. EVA BARNES, R. N. Fund to secure buildings and A few words, or some special equipment for these colleges is fact was mentioned about each equally familiar. The years country in turn, and short have passed; the buildings have prayers were offered.

young women were graduated letters have come expressing deep con-

from the Karen Woman's Bible cern for the cause and enclosing from Missions on the Air School more than 500 have fol- one to five dollars. lowed in their steps. During the A world-wide radio hook-up, last twenty-five years the num- 3. There were some large gifts. One destined to reach Eskimo land ber of b apt i zed Christians of $25,000 was made directly to the as well as the African jungle, among the Garos of Assam has board-$20,000 for the support of mishas been arranged in the inter- grown from 4,000 to 15,000. sionaries and $5,000 for an institution. ests of Christian missions in the There are now 325 churches Another friend gave $7,000; another Eastern and Western hemi- among these people. The Wom- $2,650. One person, not a Methodist, spheres. Four Protestant de- an's Hospital, Suifu, We s t sent $5,000. nominations – Baptist, Method- China, is 1,800 miles from the ist, Presbyterian and United coast and was established fifteen 4. Drastic reductions in expendi- Presbyterian–cooperate in Sun- years ago. It is estimated that tures during the year helped balance day night broadcasts on the 173,315 Chinese have come in the budget. Every missionary and fourth Sunday of each month, contact with this Christian in- every officer and worker at headquar- November 26 to May 27, from stitution. ters, in addition to drastic salary cuts, Station KDKA, Pittsburgh, (11: relinquished one month's salary. 30 to 12: 30 E. S. T.) Informa- Y. P. S. C. E. tion regarding missions is given 5. The closing of work, especially in to home constituencies and per- "There are over 80,000 Chris- Europe, has made it possible to sell sonal messages from friends and tian Endeavor societies in the property and apply the proceeds to relatives in this country are. in- world today," says Carlton M. previous debts. cluded to the m iss ion a r i e s Sherwood, general secretary, abroad. Each program is ap- "In the last two years 2,300 have On the mission field there has been proximately one hour long and been organized. China has 1,200. curtailment of personnel and of work includes a brief worship service, The number in New Zealand has to the point of slowing down the whole an address and messages to mis- increased ten f 0 I d in eight missionary program. At home an outsionaries. years." From the International pouring of generous gifts by churches Society's headquarters, there are and individuals, plus drastic cuts in Forty-nine Facts now being issued "Youth Train- expenditures, and considerable pay- ing Courses," covering not only ments of debts through property sales, The Northern Baptist Foreign the societies' technical methods are helping to win through with a bal- Mission Society has issued a but also "Recruiting youth for anced budget. folder containing 49 brief mis- Christ," "Recreational Leadersionary facts about their work ship," and "Social Issues"-love -The Christian Advocate. in distant fields. They report and· marriage, alcohol, race prej- 681 missionaries and 10,514 na- udice, the economic system, and NORTH AMERICA tive workers. Their churches in peace or war. non-Christian lands number 3,- The Menace of Communism 112 of which sixty-six per cent How to Balance a Budget are self-supporting. The total Communism's rapid developmembership is 328,126. There Dr. Ralph E. Diffendorfer, ment in the United States is not are still 610,000 villages in India corresponding secretary of the generally realized. So serious without a resident Christian. Methodist Episcopal Board of have been its political activities The American Baptist Telugu Foreign Missions, was asked that the House of Representa- Mission was established in 1835, what brought this Board within tives created a special commisand plans are being made for the reach of a balanced budget. He sion to investigate its character celebrating of the centennial. replied: and propaganda, and special There are 55,822 pupils under hearings were held in all parts Christian instruction in Baptist 1. Increased number of World Serv- of the United States. The Comschools in the Belgian Congo. ice offerings in the closing month of mission reported that "the sur- Last year 18,000 patients were the fiscal year. The October, 1933, in- est and most effective way of treated in Shaohing Hospital in come was only 6% % below that of combating communism is to give China. Since the first nine October, 1932. the fullest publicity to the fun- damental principles and aims of 2. A large number of people have the communists, which are the made small but sacrificial gifts. Many same throughout the world." These principles are: [100 ] 1. Hatred of God and all forms of religion.

2. Abolition of private prop- erty and inheritance.

3. Absolute social and racial equality; promotion of hatred of capitalistic classes.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

4. Revolutionary propaganda, initiating positive action in the great Plans for Methodist Union stirring up communist activities work of proclaiming the Gospel of in foreign countries in order to Christ, and surrounding it with every Plans for the consolidation of cause strikes, riots, sabotage, circumstance of compelling, constrain- the three great divisions of the and civil war. ing, convicting and converting power. Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States are to be dis- 5. Destruction of democratic The primary furpose of this pro- cussed at the sesquicentennial at or representative governments, gram is spiritua enrichment through Baltimore next October. The including civil liberties, such as a unified effort without any i~crease Board of Bishops has announced freedom of speech, of the press, of machinery, personnel or budget. It plans for consideration of the of assembly and trial by jury. is an effort to use all the machinery proposal to merge the Methodist and all the forces we now have in our Episcopal Church in America, great denomination. the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and the Methodist Prot- 6. The final objective is by Back-to-Church Movement estant Church. Leaders of these means of world revolution to es- three branches and representatablish the dictatorship of the Under this name an organiza- tives of thirteen other Methodist so-called proletariat into one· tion has been effected with na- groups will attend the celebraworld union of soviet socialist tion-wide membership. Its head- tion, which commemorates the republics with the capital at quarters are in New York. It is founding of the denomination in a united movement of Roman this country by Bishop Francis Moscow. Asbury and Bishop Coke in 1784. In a word, its objectives are Catholics, Protestants and Jews, the abolition of other govern- and it has among supporters a Bible Society Anniversary ments, private ownership of large number of eminent minproperty, inheritance, religion isters and laymen in all these The American Bible Society communions, including s tat e recently celebrated its one hunand family relations. governors, congressmen and dredth anniversary of beginning -D. J. Fant. Bible work in China. During the other civil officials as well as last 100 years the Society has spent $2,897,383 in printing and Call to Spiritual Awakening leading ecclesiastics. The move- distributing 70,000,000 volumes ment is being publicized as "one of the Christian Scriptures in the Chinese language. A great spiritual awakening of the greatest efforts ever put throughout the Presbyterian forth by laymen in this country Dr. John R. Mott, vice-presi- Church, U. S. A. is the hope of in the interest of the Church." dent of the society; Dr. Eric M. the Presbyterian General Coun- The program of publicity in- North, one of the general secre- cil from a promotional endeav- cludes the use of the radio, daily taries, and Dr. T. Z. Koo, of the or, launched by the Moderator, press, magazines, church peri- national committee of the Y. M. Dr. John McDowell, in a mes- odicals, street car signs, bill- C. A. in China, spoke at the an- sage sent to 10,000 ministers. boards and a national mailing niversary dinner. in New York. The message reads: seal symbolizing the Church aft- Dr. Koo, a Chinese Christian, er the manner of the Blue Eagle; said that Christianity had The General Council's suggested the seal will be distributed brought to the people of China program for the quickening and en- throughout the country for past- a vital and personal religion richment of the spiritual life of the ing on the back of envelopes. which made it easy to describe churches is the response to certain Mass meetings will be held in the attributes of the spirit or of challenging facts in the present situa- many of the large cities. God. tion which are of vital importance to ministers of Christ, to the Church we -Presbyterian Banner. Indian Century of Progress love, and to the Kingdom we serve. A Presbyterian Merger Prompted by the Century of First, the supreme need of the hour Progress in its portrayal of the is spiritual power. Other needs, great The plan for the merger of past hundred years' achieve- as they are, sink into insignificance the Presbyterian Church in the ments, Miss Lucille Dewey, Bap- beside this challenging and imperative U. S. A. and the United Presby- tist missionary at Carson Indian need. It is true that our age has more terian Church of North America School in Stewart, Nevada, has comforts, but it lacks satisfaction; it is making definite progress. This been trying to discover the prog- has more ease, but it lacks peace; it plan will involve a combined ress of the Indian 'people in Ne- has more science, but it secretly hun- membership of 2,200,000. Rep- vada and the neighboring terri- gers for God in Christ. resentatives of the two denomi- tory during the last century. nations will suggest amend- They have changed from wan- Second, the time has come when as ments to the plan before it is dering tribes, living wherever a Church we must heal our divisions, voted upon at general assemblies food, water, shelter and friendly combine our resources, and unite our of each church in 1935. The relationships with neighboring forces in a unified, cooperative effort merged church is to be named to meet the spiritual needs of our day. the Presbyterian Church of North America. No changes Third, the present situation consti- are to be made in the form of tutes a great trumpet-call that is bid- government, in the spiritual • ding all who care about the present ideals or in doctrine, discipline world-wide crisis to rally to Christ, or worship. bidding them renew their hope, en- thusiasm and power at the one great Source, and then throw themselves heart and soul into a deeper and larg- er spiritual ministry for the regenera- tion of the individual, the nation and the world.

This is preeminently a time for tak- i)1g bol<1, strong, vigorous steps; ;for

peoples made it expedient, to a first or second grade. This esti- responsible for fine weather; people established in fairly per- mate was made two years ago and an evil one, who brings manent homes. Once the Indian by an American expert at the about bad weather and epidem- worshiped God as a Great Spirit request of the government, and ics. The Goajiras do not believe revealed through everything in since then the situation has be- that these spirits have any influ- life, and surrounded by many come even more serious. ence on their personal lives. As superstitions. Now the majority The Presbyterian Board of they never pray to them or try in this state have received the National Missions operates nine to propitiate them these spirits fuller revelation of God in the schools in Cuba, all being day can hardly be classed as gods. Bible and in Christ. Many have schools, with the exception of La They believe in a life after death, accepted Jesus as their Saviour Progresiva at Cardenas, which but not in another world. The and have left their old supersti- has a boarding department dead, they believe, continue to tions. The progress at the Car- drawing from the whole island. wander about the country they son School is shown by seventy- A reduced budget necessitates have lived in during life, but in six girls and boys who accepted curtailment, and the little school an invisible form. Christ as their personal Saviour at Sagua la Grande, with an enand were baptized. Formerly rolment of 70, has been closed. -New York Times.

only a few of the older children -Presbyterian Advance. Varginha Field, Brazil went to town to take commun- Varginha is the commercial ion, but last year nearly every Believers in Honduras and geographic center of a vast Protestant child abo v e the fourth grade took communion. On October 1, 1933, the small area in the southern part of the Some are inquiring what they .group of believers at Brus, Hon- great State of Minas Geraes, may do to help their own race. duras, were constituted a Chris- East Brazil, and has a popula- There has also developed a high- tian congregation. Two adults tion of approximately 250,000 and seven children were bap- people. A Presbyterian missioner standard of morality. -Watchman Examiner. tized, and two more adults ad- ary, A. L. Davis, writes of the mitted by confirmation. Of these progress and the needs of this The Negroes Progress four adult communicants two field. "Until 1921 there was no resi- For the past ten years the can read the Scriptures in Mis- dent missionary in this l;Lrea; kito. As yet there is no church general mission boards of all de- building, but a "doorkeeper" has some of the principal towns renominations have been gradual- definite responsibilities, seeing ly withdrawing white superin- that the place of meeting is ceived an occasional visit from clean; that there are enough missionaries and native pastors. tendency from missionary work seats; that Christians come to Twelve years ago there was only done among Negroes, as it was service clean in body, with hair one organized congregation and combed and, as far as possible in one Sunday school, belonging to felt that the best way to develop present circumstances, in suitleadership among the Negroes able clothing; that behaviour the "Christian" Church. Our during services is reverent. Still (Presbyterian) Mission was was to place on their shoulders later, the eight, communicants, the burden of responsibility. The with two from San Carlos on the asked to take charge of this Wangks River, one from Kruta, latest federal.census figures de- and one from Kaurkira, met for work and now we have three clare that the professional group the first celebration of the Lord's church buildings with organized Supper at Brus. congregations, eight Sunday among Negroes now numbers 104,711. This group is made up -Moravian Missionary. schools and abo u t twenty preaching points. Ten years ago of 54,439 school teachers, 25,034 Indians with No Religion ministers, 10,583 musicians and there was not more than six be- It has often been said that teachers of music, 5,728 trained even the most primitive and sav- lievers in the town of Lambary; nurses, 3,805 physicians and today we have a church with a surgeons, 2,146 college presi- lot on which to build a manse. dents and professors, 1,746 den- The adult membership of the tists, and 1,230 lawyers, judges church is 101, and 77 children and justices. were baptized in infancy. Two – Watchman-Examiner. years ago the Gospel had never LATIN AMERICA age of tribes have their religion, been preached in Dores da Boa but the Weston-Carr expedition, Esperanca. Now there are now exploring the Goajira Pen- twelve baptized converts, a large Cuba's Need for Schools insula in Colombia, has reported number of catechumens and Cuba, in the midst of political that the Goajira Indians have no scores of persons are regular in strife and economic depression, evidence of religion. They not their attendance at church and is not advancing rapidly with only have no priests, temples nor Sunday school services. Almost her educational problem. Only idols, but they reveal nothing as many towns and villages are 500,000 of her 'million children akin to these religious essentials. without the Gospel as those that of school age are enrolled in any They do believe in the existence hear it occasionally." -The Presbyterian. school; 250,000 of those are in of two spirits; one good, who is

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

EUROPE while another is stationed at Too Late Coming Bourgas on the Black Sea. Oth- Anti-Religious Congress ers work chiefly from village to Writing from Lusambo, Bel- village, on foot, with a donkey gian Congo, Rev. J. J. Davis, During the past summer there to carry the books. missionary of a g r 0 u p of was held in Paris, France, an churches in Kentucky and North Anti-Religious World Congress, -Bible Society RecoTd. Carolina, sends home this chalattended by 2,700 delegates from lenge: France, Spain, Holland, Bel- Russia and the Bible gium, England, Russia, the We must, as good soldiers of Christ, United States, and several South In the 1933 Report of the Brit- follow up the brave efforts of pioneers American republics. It was re- ish and Foreign Bible Society, who have gone before, and open the ported that there are now 1,800 under the title "Russia and Si- way for the evangelization of this peoanti-religious newspapers pub- beria," is the statement: "Once ple. Lift up your eyes and look upon lished in the world, 21 of which again we must report the impos- a hundred thousand souls with eager are issued in France; also that sibility of any circulation of the faces begging for the saving Gospel in the last few years the mem- Scriptures in Russia. As stated of Christ, thousands of children, who bership of these various anti- last year, it is illegal either to have no day school, to say nothing of religious organizations repre- print or circulate the Bible, or a Sunday school, thousands who have sented in this congress had in- indeed any religious book, in the been caught in the grip of unknown creased from five and a half Soviet Union. Though unable to diseases. millions to thirteen millions. work in Russia, the Bible So- ciety widely circulates the Scrip- Sometime ago a big, fine-looking Revival Gains Momentum tures among Russians in the young man sat on my veranda and Baltic States, in Poland, in startled me as he put the question In the Drone Valley of France, France and wherever Russian "Why did you people of God not come where the population is predom- refugees are to be found." to us sooner?" And before I could aninantly Protestant, is a some- swer he said, "My father used to say what loosely organized group of Its former reports show that that he believed there must be a great Protestant pastors and congre- in European Russia, for 1913. Creator back of all the wonderful gations. ·The chief town is Dieu- over 521,000 copies were circu- things we find in this beautiful world, lefit ("God Made It"), founded lated; in 1912, over 510,000; but my father died in the dark and by Huguenots. About ten years and over 482,000 copies in 1911. went out into the unknown world withago a new interest in religion out ever hearing of Christ the Saviour began to spread, originating in -The Presbyterian. of all mankind." regular monthly meetings of the pastors, most of them young AFRICA -Congregationalist. men in whose hearts was a deep longing for the power of God. A Challenge to Witch Doctors Endure Hunger for Christ The revival began in one village and spread rapidly to others. The Christian Council of the Sixty teachers who came into An annual convention has been Missions of West Africa are of- Mondombe, Central Africa, for established and a Bible school fering a reward of fifty dollars the "ekitelo" brought with them founded. Much attention is giv- to any witch who can eat a pa- 252 enquirers, many of them en to the distribution of evan- paw at a distance, remove an ob- young boys, some older men with gelical literature, and districts j ect from a locked box, or their wives, and one grandfafar removed from the Drone change anybody into a fish, bird ther. All have lived with, or Valley have been greatly influ- or beast. They hope to demon- near, teachers of their villages. enced by the movement.-Life strate that these witches are ut- and all the younger ones have of Faith. terly powerless to do what they been in school. Each afternoon claim. -Indian Witness. they were given special training Bibles for Bulgaria and later were examined by na- In God's Debt tive elders to be sure that they The eight colporteurs of the understood what they had been American Bible Society who When the church records in taught. One hundred and ninework full time in Bulgaria con- Tondo District, Belgian Congo, ty-five passed this examination tend with a great variety of ob- were read, Martha Nzali Nkoi and were baptized. The others stacles and persecution. In spite was mentioned with the nota- were advised to return with of modern railways they must tion: "In debt to God for twen- their teachers. use other means of travel in or- ty-seven months." During all der to reach all parts of their that time she had contributed Many enquirers came long disfield. One works exclusively in nothing to the work of the tances and could bring little food Sofia, another chiefly on trains Church, and it was considered with them, so at the end of the and at railway stations, thus time to count her out of active first week they began to commeeting people of all classes; fellowship. She was accordingly plain of being hungry. Local suspended until she squares her gardens could not supply food account. for all this crowd, so the elders were asked if it might not be a – Watchman-Examiner. good thing to advance the date set for baptisms, and allow them to go home at the end of the first week rather than the second. They replied that they would

think it over and announce their bearing the provisional name of tine. A million dollar Y. M. C. A. decision at the evening service. Universite. The old teaching in Jerusalem was dedicated It was decided that the baptisms body was discharged on July 31, during the Easter season. Jeruwould take place on the day scarcely a third being retained. salem now has paved streets, originally planned; they said, "If Thirty-eight foreign professors postal delivery, British police, there is anyone here who cannot were added, mostly of wide rep- traffic officers and a few buildendure hunger for two weeks for utation. At the beginning of ings with central heat. The Iraq the sake of the Saviour he is not every year each professor is Petroleum Company is rapidly worthy of baptism at;ld his faith bound to deliver a lecture sum- laying its pipes from ancient would not last if he were bap- ming up all the progress made Nineveh across the desert to tized." Not one left. in his particular field throughout modern Haifa on the Mediter- the world during the preceding ranean. Ten thousand men are -World Call. year, and to add his personal at work and are receiving large criticism. The new university is wages. A splendid harbor at Day of Prayer, South Africa composed of faculties of letters, Haifa is nearly completed. law, medicine and science, of the The following call to prayer schools of dentistry, pharmacol- A recent census of Palestine from the Prime Minister of the ogy and foreign languages and reveals that whereas Canada, Union of South Africa, was pub- of the institutes of Islamic re- during the years 1906-1911, lished among official "govern- s ear c h, Turcology, national added to her population at the ment notices" emanating from economy and socialogy, geog- rate of 298 per 10,000 every the department of the Prime raphy, morphology, chemis"try, year, Palestine surpassed it with Minister dated September 8, electro-mechanics and the Turk- an annual increase of 354 per 1933. ish Revolution. 10,000. The recent census re- corded a population of 1,035,821. Whereas most serious conditions -The Near East and India. Of these, 759,712 are Moslems, prevail in various parts of the Union 174,610 Jews, and 91,398 Chrisin consequence of the continued St. Sophia's Ohristian Art tians. The ancient sect of the drought and depression; Samaritans now numbers 182, Revealed an increase of 30 since 1922. And whereas an earnest desire Since 1922 the urban population widely exists that under the circum- The w 0 r k of uncovering of Jerusalem has increased by stances the people shall appeal to the Christian mosaics has been go- 44 per cent, Jaffa by 59 per cent, Almighty; ing on in the mosque of St. So- Haifa by 104 per cent, Tel Aviv phia, Istanbul. In two years the by 202 per cent. And whereas the Government, after whitewash and painted decora- -Dr. Zwemer, in The Presbyconsultation with the chief represen- tions which pious Moslems tatives of the principal churches, have spread over the Christian sym- terian. decided to call the people to humble bolism after taking possession prayer; of the former Christian edifice, School Proves Its Worth had been cleaned away from a Therefore I appoint Wednesday, large section of the walls by Although character building 20th September, 1933, (and for American director of the Byzan- is the chief aim at the Presbytechurches or congregations unable to tine Institute of America. Much rian Mission School in Hama, participate on that day, Saturday, more surface remains to be un- Syria, it was the only school in 23d September, for Hebrews, and Sun- covered, but the area now re- the city where every student who day, 24th, for Christian congrega- vealed presents a wide expanse took the recent government extions) to be observed as a day of hu- of extraordinary beauty and his- amination passed. One of the miliation and prayer; and I invite the toric significance. boys was given the highest ratpeople on that day to beseech Al- ing over students of other mighty God with the greatest possible In bringing to light these mo- schools. One of the girls in the unanimity to give relief from distress, saics, Mr. Whittemore is seeking highest grade conducted a vacaand further to evince towards Him to preserve what is left. He has tion Bible school in her home vilthat sincerity and humility, and to- had the constant support of the lage. Her father told a missionwards their neighbors that spirit of savants and rulers of the new ary that while his daughter had justice and love which He requires of Turkey. Ghazi Mustapha Kem- been the least promising of the us, and which alone can exalt our aI, President of Turkey, is fol- family who had gone to school, nation. lowing the work with keen inter- she had returned much more de- est. veloped than any of the others. -Presbyterian Advance. The formal unveiling of those -Presbyterian Advance. WESTERN ASIA already uncovered took place on November 5. INDIA Turkey's New Universite Palestine Today Unrest and Disconte~t The reorganization of Istanbul University is the most recent It is often stated that the de- One of the ablest of Indian of Turkish reforms. A Swiss pression has not reached Pales- women in active political life educator, M. Albert Malche, was called to Turkey as advisor, and acting upon his recommendations the National Assembly passed a bill abolishing the existing Is tan b u I University (called Darulfunun) and replacing it with a new institution

1.'9'34] OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

·during the past few years has Definite Advance a fool to speak His name ir- been Mrs. Kamaladevi Chatto- A study of the latest census reverently. – padhyaya, who presided at the report for all India gives cause third Conference of the Youths for encouragement. The figures -Christian Intelligencer. ·:of Berar on Oct. 7. In her ad- for one decade are: dress she said: "Today, politi- Month of Special Evangelism 'cal unrest in India is greater, Hindus ……. 239,195,000 ++106..42 and economic distress keener. Jains ……… 1,252,000 The Met hod i s t Episcopal The bitterness and discontent Buddhists ….. 12,787,000 +10.5 Church has had encouraging rehave sunk deeper, but due to va- Sikhs ……… 4,336,000 sults in a month of special evanrious circumstances the fire ++33.9 gelism throughout India. For burns silently within, waiting to Parsis …….. 110,000 7.8 example, in round figures, 800,- burst forth into gigantic flames Moslems …… 77,678,000 +13.0 000 people have listened to the shaking the country with a vol- Christians …. 6,297,000 Christian message; 13,000 are ~anic fierceness." Jews ……… 24,000 +32.5 under instruction; there were Tribal …….. 8,280,000 +10.9 1,900 baptisms; there were 3,900 Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru has -15.3 professed conversions; 1,200 written three articles, published were received into full church inmost of India's leading pa- Encouragement is confirmed membership; and 42,000 Gospel pers, in which he advocates by such facts as (1) a growing portions were sold.

movement of cast-people towards Jesus Christ, a movement in- itiated not only by Indian work- throwing over the present social, ers but also by the compelling A Bible Woman's Examination economic and political system. influence of the transformed "Class warfare outside, with characters and lives of out-caste Who can measure the influence hunger and want as its driving Christians; (2) the increasingly of an unlettered Bible woman as force, and furious discord with- pervading influence of the prin-· she goes about telling the life of in;..is the prospect he opens up. ciples of Jesus upon many pub- Jesus and His atonement? A But he does not take into account lic movements in India; (3) the missionary was examining a that if the religious, social, eco- ever-growing number of those group of these women, among nomic and political systems are who make Jesus Christ their them one with very little educaall overthrown simultaneously, moral example, though remain- tion. She could write very little, the people of India would re- ing outside the Church. so was given an oral examinalapse, at least for the time be- tion, for she was earnest and ing, into the nomad stage from -The Presbyterian. very anxious to pass. She was which it has taken long centuries asked to relate the story of the for mankind to emerge as or- Non-Christians Revere Christ trials and crucifixion of Jesus. ganized societies. She told the story in the simple, Dr. Robert E. Speer tells of :l vivid manner of the Indian peo- -Dnyanodaya. Bar Association banquet at ple, but when she came to the Delhi attended by all the lawyers 'Moral Evils in India of that city, all Hindus"":"not a climax and was describing the Christian in the group. Christ on the Cross, she broke The Bombay representative down and sobbed. When she Christian Council passed a num- They had engaged a j ester to could speak again she said, "I ber of resolutions at its meeting entertain them and he was doing don't care if I never pass the last October. Three of these so by making jokes about the examination. I cannot tell more. protest against present-day de- escapades of the .traditional gods He died for me!" moralizing tendencies. (1) In- of the Indian people, at which dian motion pictures should be sallies the lawyers roared with -Woman's Missionary Friend. laughter. Soon the actor made censored by the government to a joke about Jesus Christ, but Possibilities of the Radio prohibit films that exhibit or nobody laughed. At the second 'Suggest obscenity, murder, rob- such remark, there were mur- Mr. J. H. Whitley, at one time bery and other degrading fea- murs of dissent. Finally, the Speaker of the House of Com- tures of modern life. (2) A man ventured a third "wise- mons and more recently Chair- protest is made against immoral crack" involving the name of man of the Royal Commission and obscene literature and pic- Jesus, whereupon the diners on Labor in India, declares, that tures exhibited for sale in shops arose from their seats, seized if some friend of India would and bookstalls. Christian lead·· him by the collar, ushered him vouch for broadcasting, covering ers are asked to take steps to to the door, and kicked him down 500 villages a year, he would do instruct their Christian commu- the stairs. more for India than by found- nities in social hygiene and in There was not a Christian in ing half a dozen universities.

the basis of moral health for the the crowd, but the character, Authoritative figures are given individual, the family and for personality and teachings of the showing that the whole equip- the community. (3) A resolu- Master had created in the hearts ment to cover 1,100 Indian vil- tion was passed against gam- of these Hindu lawyers such re- lages would cost only £43,000.

bling and in favor of adequate spect and reverence for Jesus If each village could have a very education as to its evil influences. Christ that not one would allow simple receiving set the ad-

vantages from the viewpoint of "There are in India about 300 been some marvelous delivereducation, entertainment and medical missionaries, almost all ances and many instances of government publicity, would be of them with the highest med- great bravery and loyalty. incalculable in their effect on ical qualifications. They staff When life runs smoothly a man India's 353 millions of people. 250 mission hospitals, and about does not realize what Christ 300 dispensaries. About 180,- stands ready to do for Him. It -Dnyanodaya. 000 in-patients are treated every is when we are baffled that year, and about 2,560,000 out- Christ shows His possibilities, if Caste System patients. In the fight against we will only give Him a chance." leprosy and tuberculosis mis- A thesis presented to Cornell sions are especially prominent. -Christian Advocate. University's Graduate School They maintain 11 tuberculosis lists the following objections to sanatoria, containing a total of Trouble in Fukien 'the caste system as found in 580 beds, while in the whole of North India: India, there are only 1,220 other The Nationalist Government beds for such cases." Dr. at Nanking early in January re- (1) Its segmental division of so- Moller emphasized the fact that quested foreign powers to withciety is fixed by birth, and does not attendance at all religious meet- draw their nationals from dantake account of individuals of differ- ings and devotions is entirely gerous zones in Fukien Province ent ablities born into the different optional. – The Presbyterian. to places of safety. castes. (2) Its hierarchy fixes the Brahman at the apex and the un- CHINA AND TIBET Most of the 144 Americans touchable at the base, irrespective of living in and near Foochow, the individual 1. Q.'s. (3) Its food tabus Hope Amid Difficulties capital of Fukien Province and and pollution by touch prevent inter- center of a revolutionary movedining and a free intercourse of hu- Addressing missionaries and ment against the Nanking Govman beings who may be intellectual members of the Methodist Epis- ernment have moved to Nantai equals, as in the case of a low caste copal Church in China, Bishops Island in the South Min River, man with a Brahman intelligence. Herbert Welch, John Gowdy and but many of the missionaries are (4) Its civil and religious disabilities C. P. Wang sent the following remaining at their posts in prevent men of all castes from mixing letter on September 14: Futsing, Han Kong, Haitan, freely in the use of public services. Pinghwa, and Sienyu. They do (5) Its lack of choice of occupation "During the past year our not ask for Government protectakes no cognizance of potential skills Church in China has faced diffi- tion. of various kinds of a given caste, but culties almost too great for huarbitrarily fixes the occupational man endurance. Through the Newspaper Evangelism status of each by birth. (6) Its mar- Japanese advance into North riage restrictions prevent intermar- China, thousands of people, in- A China Inland missionary riage on the basis of intellectual cluding many of our own mem- reports in The Presbyterian: equality. (7) Its religious sanctions bers, have been rendered homeoffer nothing for those born in the less. There has been great dev- The work of newspaper evangelism lower castes in this life. astation and suffering in the in Central China has continued and wide territory flooded by the God has used this means for spread- – Congre gationalist. Yellow River.. In Southern ing the Gospel and the salvation of Kiangsi our people have lived in souls. There have been over a hun- Evangelism in Telugu Area constant fear of communist in- dred responses to the daily tract vasion. In Szechuen the civil placed in the paper, and several de- Dr. Azariah, Bishop of Dorna- war has continued, and to main- cisions for Christ. Some have gone kal, reports a week of united tain the warring parties the peo- away but three have enrolled as enevangelistic effort in the Telugu ple have been taxed almost out quirers and are preparing for baparea last May, in which the of existence. Within the past tism. Two of these, one a teacher of Anglican, the Methodist and month practically all the terri- English in a law school, the other a S. 1. U. C. Telugu Council tory of our Yenping Conference Middle School graduate, were conunited: "Altogether 2,480 vil- in Fukien has been seized by templating suicide when they read the lages were visited during that Reds. Pastors and church mem- tract. Both are, we believe, genuinely week by 23,567 Christian volun- bers have been driven from their converted. The latter, a young man teers. Of this number 20,932 homes and left utterly destitute. of twenty, has broken with his past were lay members. This figure There have been many deaths sinful life, and has been enrolled in represents about one-sixth of and at this present writing the Bible School. His change of life the total baptized community. many families seem to be hope- and disposition, keen delight in God's The total number of people who lessly separated, perhaps lost. Word, readiness to testify, all point heard the Gospel during that Once again the missionaries have to a definite experience of salvation. week was reckoned in hundreds had to flee from Yenping. He has yielded his life for God's servof thousands. Nearly 60,000 ice. The tract that arrested the handbills were distributed, 8,560 "In the midst of all these un- teacher's attention is on the Lord's Scripture portions and religious speakable difficulties, there have Second Coming. This doctrine has books sold, and 341 new villages become the most precious truth in asked for Christian instruction." this man's life. The contract with the same newspaper has been renewed for -Dnyanodaya. another year.

Medical Missions The Way Out Dr. C. Frimold-Moller, speak- Dr. T. T. Lew, of the faculty ing at a Calcutta Rotary Club on of Yenching University, Peip- Medical Work in India said: ing, recently said:

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

China is in a panic. There have to see Christian institutions," is a church of 265 Russian mem- been great failures in education and and during a two-year period 236 bers in Harbin. They have en- democracy. Militarism has eaten into tourists took the mission tour dured serious privation, and the life of the nation. Young people in Peiping, as well as ten United their condition has been aggra- are cornered in their thinking. Some- States Army officers and their vated by the flood of a few how we are all wrong. We cannot families, and six others. The months ago and by the preva- save ourselves. vVe are helpless. The itinerary includes hospitals and lence of war. The world-wide first requirement of religious educa- churches, schools and kinder- economic depression has also af- tion is the willingness to learn. The gartens, industrial work, a bean- fected Manchuria. In Sinkiang Chinese people are now in that mood. mil k station for mothers and there is a Russian Baptist com- babies, and at certain times emer- munity of over 600 refugees. The experiences of recent years gency institutions for wounded They were, according to the last should lead us to confession and re- soldiers through a visit to the report, settling down and en- pentance of many ways in which we Y. M. C. A. recreational hut and deavoring to find a living in the have walked. a Red Cross hospital. The Chi- country. The Baptist World Al- nese feast arranged at the con- liance is in contact with both When some mission leaders are will- clusion of a tour, usually by the groups, and has been able to ing to be taught of God and not of Y. M. C. A. or Y. W. C. A., pro- transmit a certain amount of big business magnates and unevan- vides an opportunity to meet and money from contributions given gelical specialists, confidence will be talk with some of the finest Chi- specifically for their assistance. restored and progress made. nese Christians. Mr. Pyle says, "My faith has been strengthened -Baptist Missionary Review. Whether Chinese or American, if in the interest of American laywe will humble ourselves truly in the men in missions." A layman Forty Years in Northeast Tibet sight of the Lord, he will lift us up. from Wellesley Hills said, 'When I left home I was skeptical of In the nineties the Christian -Presbyterian Advance. foreign missions. India partially and Missionary Alliance occu- converted me. Now I am com- pied a section of northeast Tibet, Retrieved from Communism pletely sold.''' but such intense hostility was encountered that the only con- Dr. Hugh L. Robinson, of -Foreign Missions Bulletin. tact maintained was at Tao- Tunghsien, North China, tells in chow; and until about 1920 only the Congregationalist of a plan Self-Support in Annam slight impressions were made that is full of possibilities. He upon nomadic Tibetans who says: Self-supporting churches are came to Taochow to trade. A increasing in Ann a m, Indo- second period, extending to Last week I went to Peiping to at- China. During 1932 seven mis- 1927, was marked by the arrival tend a meeting of Christian leaders. sion churches graduated in t 0 of a number of reinforcements A dozen counties in central China this class; 17 outstations be- designated specifically for Tibethave been recently retrieved by the came independent churches, and an work, and the three lamasery central government from communist seven new outstations have been centers of Labrang, Hehtso and control. Mrs. Chiang Kai-shek, a ope ned by the independent Rongwu were opened as regular Wellesley graduate of a third-genera- churches themselves. On Janu- stations; while what may be tion Christian family, has suggested ary 1, 1933, 55, or more than called the third period of work that the National Christian Council half the churches in the entire on this border had its beginnings organize and execute a rural recon- field, were under native church when the Chinese churches in struction plan for the area-a study government. In these years of southwestern Kansu were orof land tenure, agricultural improve- unemployment and deficits fif- ganized on a self-supporting ment, organization of cooperative teen new church buildings have basis, thereby releasing workers credit societies, dyke repair, adult been put up by Annamese Chris- and funds for Tibetan work. At literacy campaigns, better communi- tians.. The Annamese National present, the Alliance Mission occations, village industries, epidemic Church Conference, which met cupies three additional points, control, recreation. She has held a at Faifoo, in May, pledged it- which are suitable centers for series of conferences with Christian self to raise funds and sen d work among the nomads. Itinleaders; the University of Nanking Annamese missionaries to the eration is carried on from all will be asked to help with the pre- tribes people, and the Cochin- these points, all of which is a liminary survey; and a local commit- China District Conference took seemingly fruitless undertaking, tee is already outlining plans. The its first ann u a I missionary since in all the territory newly Christian churches of China will be pledge for the same work of opened and worked in the last asked to spare some of their most evangelism. -So S. Times. ten years there is not a single experienced personnel if this work is open believer among the Tibetundertaken. This great opportunity Russian Baptist Refugees ans. Beyond doubt there are has been presented to the Church be- some secret believers and many cause in no other organization can be Groups of Russian Baptists interested ones. The odds are found the experience in doing these are located in Manchuria and in against those who openly confess things, the personnel who know how, the province of Sinkiang. There Christ .. and the devotion to the task.

Mission Tours in Peiping Rev. Stephen D. Pyle, pastor of Union Church in Peiping, reports on mission tours for tourists in that city, arranged for round-the-world travelers who wish to see something of missions in action. A printed sheet announces, "Peiping American missionary groups offer opportunity to S. S. Lurine tourists

JAPAN Nations, he maintained, and is As in an age of railroads, automobiles and flyi~g machines, we have scrapped Kagawa and Kingdom of God not to be isolated from other na- palanqUInS and horse carriages, not Movement because they are bad, but because tions. Here he emphasized the be~ter conveyances have come into eXIstence; so ethical and religious need at this critical time for systems implying special and heredi- tsaerrfydomprivainldegems,assc-iagsnteo,ranacbesoaluretismn~ Dr. Toyohiko Kagawa has not leadership of the right kind. longe~ suitable in an age of liberty, equalIty and fraternity. Our motto abandoned the Kingdom of God "Unless," he told Doshisha stu- m1:1st always be: "Behold, I make all Movement. While he is disap- dents, "the leadership comes thmgs new,t (Rev. 21: 5).

pointed that the churches have from students such as you who not accepted a "broader eco- ~re .for~unately studying in an mstI~ut.IOn where there is an apnomic outlook" and social vision preCIatIve understanding 0 f as. a part of the program, this wester n ideas and c uerlteur~eayespbe~e faIlure has challenged him to cially American, th Clubs for Korean Children make further experiments in dan~er of our nation returning Children's Bible Clubs have Christian cooperative and re- agam to the age of feudalism."

formative enterprises. He has -Overseas News. flourished until there are now 13 been encouraged by American such schools in Pyengyang and friends and supporters whose How Is Christianity in Your a half dozen more similar schools contributions have enabled him Country? in other places with an enrol· to undertake these projects and So asked a young Japanese ment of over 2,000 poor children. woman of an American college at the same time to give :Uuch sister. "Is it," she further mOf1.. thi sI. work F rancis Ki ynaslnegr,' queried, "treading an ascending ss o,r; a r in Pye ng time to the interdenominational or descending curve, measured ~ in the degree of faith and enevangelistic campaign of which thusiasm of your people com- wrItes: SerVIce for others is pared with, say, fifteen or ten he was the founder though never years ago 1" The world's worst emphasized, and this year there enemy in the opinion of this the official leader. Japanese girl student is "a mer- developed a work of charity for cenary spirit sweeping all over In recent months funds from the world." She declares that the poorest class of people in the "men and nations are forgetabroad have so fallen off as to ting God and trying to wor- city. The coldest day last ship Mammon." And she comes make necessary some drastic ac- firmly to her conclusion that winter it was suggested that our ti~m on Kagawa's part to save "unless we repent our sin now and humbly return to our God Club rooms be used to shelter hIS own institution. He has the world will be wrecked and our civilization totally wiped beggar boys over night. So our therefore been obliged to decline out." This from Christian Nippon. -Overseas News. leaders and children scoured the to travel and speak widely for streets and by evening had seven the Kingdom of God Mhiomvseemlfentt~ and instead is giving such boys, an old drunk – who writing, public lectures and would have frozen to death if other emergency measures to left alone-and an aged grand- support these projects of social mother without food.

and economic reform so vitally "In one place we found a a part of Mr. Kagawa's Chris- young man forced to beg for tian faith. He is still interested some time past who lived in a in the Kingdom of God cam- one-room hut with three beggar paign, though much less active boys he had already accumu- than formerly. lated, and he had a Bible and a hymn-book for his furniture.

Japan a Mediator? We proceeded to put our seven Japan as mediator between Mixturing Religions beggar boys with his and they East and West was a dream of the late Dr. Inazo Nitobe. Ad- Says a missionary of the Re- passed the winter in our beggar dressing Doshisha University formed Church in the U. S.: stud~nts he declared: "Weare home in charge of the Christian a mI~ed rac~. . . . .. Being thus a n~tIOn whIch represents in its beggar. Government officials racIal blood practically all of the ra.ce~ of the world, the great . As tar as our knowledge of condi- have commended us for the good mISSIOn of Japan should be world-wide in significance. Ge- tIons In Japan goes, native Christians work we are doing." ographically we are of the Orient; but psychologically we do not concern themselves particularly -Presbyterian Advance. are nearer the Occident. The mission of the Japanese race is about salvaging the useful elements to act as the mediator between the Orient and Occident." Ja- in the religions they have atbhaenidronneed~ ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC p~n, thou~h o1:1t of the League, finding all needed good in Nguna Church stIll remams III the family of faith. The fact is that seemingly i~entical ideas in the minds of Chris- tIan~ and, no~-Christians upon care- The mission cishuthrcehcaetntTeralfooa~ f1:11 mvestIgatIOn prove to be radically New Hebrides, dIfferent, because of the implications.

After all, pagan pantheism and Chris- the Nguna mission work of the tian :rheis~, though caP!lble of being Presbyterian Church of New combmed m a mechamcal mixture, Zealand. It was erected by the cannot coalesce after the manner of a chemical compound. The man-cen- late Rev. Peter Milne in 1897 tered, prudential, hedonistic morality with accommodations' for 600 of paganism will not fit into the same worshipers. The people not only s~he!lle ~it~ the God-centered, altruis- tIC, IdealIstIc morality of Christianity. helped in the building, but made

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

7,000 pounds of arrowroot to black art. In that village also right type of literature to this pay the costs. two women and a girl, sitting in intelligent and eager people.

Rev. Frank Paton gave the the same house, suffering from They have sent a call to Amerifollowing description when he sore eyes and unable to attend ca to aid them by sending them visited Nguna in 1913: "In the the meetings, sent for the old books to be read and enafternoon we had a service in teacher and requested him to joyed-good story books, discusthe b e aut i f u I cathedral-like write down their confession of sions of present day problems, church at the Nguna home sta- sin, to be read before the con- religious books, classics or books tiim. There was a large congre- gregation. At the close a chief on handicrafts and popular scigation, and the singing was led assembled all the people in the ence. Magazines are also of by a woman who is paid the church grounds and earnestly value if they are of high type. magnificent salary of five shil- exhorted them to heed what the The enthusiasm with which lings a year for this service. The preachers had said. . these books will be received can Nguna people are a fine race, and -Missionary Review (Aus- readily be appreciated from the the Gospel has done much in tralia) . report of the secretary of Chris- elevating them intellectually and tian Literature Committee of the spiritually. They have also a At a Fair in the Celebes National Christian Council of very fine record for native the Philippines: teachers, and many of them have A Missionary Alliance worker laid down their lives on foreign in Makassar, Celebes, describes "We have received no books soil for Christ's sake and the a "Pasar Malam," or Night from the States for more than a Gospel's. Fair, held in Makassar, each year. We have had many re- afternoon and evening for two quests for books which could not -On Continent and Island. weeks. be filled. When I was on the truck going to Malay-balay, I fell into New Guinea's Needs We rented a lot, erected and dec- conversation with a young man, orated a small booth, and got ready and happened to say something In New Guinea there are at for business. Our students went all which gave him my name. Imleast 300,000 souls who have not around the grounds spreading tracts mediately he began to thank me yet heard the message of the and books written in eight different for the books which I had sent love of God in Jesus Christ; languages, English, Dutch, Malay, to him, saying that they were probably it will be found that practically the only books in his there are half a million, as there Makassar, Boegis, Arabic, Javanese part of the country, and that is a very large area not yet and Chinese. All the missionaries everyone had read them, and he visited by white men, and there took their turn selling literature; but had read some of them several is no means of knowing what most of the work was done by stu- times."

the population is. In large areas, dents from the Bible School, hence it widow strangling is still prac- was a real indigenous work. ticed, and it is even dangerous During the fourteen days thousands for white visitors to venture. attended the fair, coming from miles Churches are urged to set As late as 1926, four innocent around. Approximately fifteen thou- aside one Sunday when they will white men were slain by primi- sand guilders (about $9,000) was taken in for entrance fees alone. We receive books and forward them tive Nakanai natives.-The Missionary Review (Australia). sold over a thousand Bibles, Gospels post-paid, to the nearest mission and religious books and distributing board depot: nearly ten thousand tracts. Manyop- The Philippine Book Depot, The portunities were offered for personal American Board of Commissioners of witness. Foreign Missions, 14 Beacon Street, Team Work in New Britain Books for the Philippines Boston, Mass. The Philippine Book Depot, The A series of evangelistic serv- In the Philippine Islands a ices were held last year through- great amount of money and ef- Methodist Episcopal Board of Foreign fort has been expended on edu- Missions, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City.

The Philippine Book Depot, The out the Kabakada Section of cation. Thousands of people are United Christian Missionary Society, New Britain, with some success Missions Building, Indianapolis, Inin soul winning. Later it was being taught to read annually, diana. but the tragedy of the situation resolved to make use of outstanding cases among those re- is that they have little or noth- Christian Literature for Dyaks ing to read. Many are too poor cently led to decision, by letting to buy books, others live in iso- The sea Dyaks of North Borthem accompany the preachers lated sections where books are neo have practically no Christo give their testimonies. Up-to- hard to get. As a result there tian literature in their own landate, about a dozen of these team is a tendency for the people to guage. Until recent years they missions have been conducted, slip back into illiteracy. And the had not even the Gospels and two villages usually coming to- missionary movement is missing Prayer Book. These they now gether for the purpose. the opportunity of bringing good have, and to them is being added At one place, notorious sor- influences to bear upon these a Dyak version of Pilgrim's cerers and others, to show the people through books. Progress, illustrated by draw- genuineness of their repentance, The National Christian Coun- ings from photographs taken in made away with all the para- cil of the Philippines sees a Sarawak posed by the Dyak peophernalia connected with their great opportunity to furnish the ple. -Lutheran News.

~'~.========~~~~~===-~=============I~

Our Missionary Bookshelf Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information @~(iAi ~I'~===============================I~ 1 China Year Book, 1933. Edited by H. church members and 60 per cent go in 1889 and went to Africa in G. W. Woodhead 8 Vo. 786 pp. $12.50. U. S. Agents. University of the teachers are Christians. 1892. Preaching, teaching and of Chicago Press. 1933. It is surprising that there is healing lead to conversions and congregations and schools were China not only offers the di- no mention made of Cheloo Uni- established. This is a stirring versity of a continent in climate, versity, only two lines of ref- narrative of miracles of grace. resources, customs and condi- erence to Peking Union Medical There are also stories of hunttions, but also contemporane- ing and travel adventure. The ously presents the stages of College and no reference to Mo- account of "Bwanika, ten times progress as seen in ancient, hammedan uprisings in Kansu a slave," is worth repeating. medireval and modern civilizations. This wide variety, the since 1906. There is much land in Africa rapid changes and the great im- The Year Book is carefully yet to be occupied for Christ and portance of Chinese affairs few missionaries cannot reach makes an authoritative year compiled and especially useful millions of the unevangelized. book essential to all who wish to and rich in information on mat- When Mr. Campbell proposed to keep informed. In this fifteenth the people, among whom he had issue of the Year Book, many ters of politics, trade and finance. worked for seven years without Chinese have collaborated – in- The personal notes on "Who's a convert, that he would leave cluding Dr. M. T. Z. Tyan, Dr. Who in China" cover sixty and establish a station in an- S. G. Cheng, Mr. C. C. Hsiang pages and include over 600 other place, the chiefs had a and others. The topics treated pow-wow and then one of them in the twenty-seven chapters and names of Chinese leaders, "cour- arose and said: tesy names" and English render- ings but it would be useful also to state their religious beliefs or affiliations and to include more of the Chinese women leaders.

six appendices number over 400. Blazing Trails in Bantuland. By Du- "White man, all you say is They range from general statis- gald Campbell. F.R.G.S. Map true …… but you do not know tical information as to the coun- and Illus. 8 Vo. 228 pp. 3s. 6d. everything. Listen. Since you try and people, to products and Pickerin~ & Inglis. Glasgow. 1933. came among us, and as a result trade statistics, public health, The Bantu-speaking people live of your teaching, the secret sopolitics, the Japanese invasion, in South-Central Africa, a land ciety camp has been broken up. finance, education, international for the blazing of trails. Dugald Children are no longer taught relations, justice and religions. Campbell is a pioneer, a Scotch- those evil things as before. No, Two pages are devoted to Con- man, one of the Brethren who teacher do not leave us; we do fucianism, Taoism and Bud- went 'out to Africa nearly forty not yet understand the meaning dhism, forty pages to Roman years ago with Fred Arnot and of your message. When we do Catholicism (with a large sta- Dan Crawford. The other two we will believe. You have been tistical chart) and five pages to well-known pioneers have been among us only seven years. I Protestant Missions including called Home but Mr. Campbell have finished." Mr. Campbell one and a half on the Laymen's still carries on his pioneering. did not leave and from that time Report. The Protestant statis- He is now connected with the saw a great change take place tics are not up-to-date, as the National Bible Society of Scot- and soon there were conversions. figures go to 1925. Conditions land and has recently completed Pioneering is difficult but it conhave greatly changed since then. a trip across the Sahara Desert. tinues to bring worthwhile re- Aspects of growth noted include His story of pioneering, told sults.

the work of the China Christian in the present volume, relates in Home Missions Today and Tomor- Council, the "Five-Year Move- the main to his early experiences row. A Review and For.ecast. Edited ment," Dr. Stanley Jones Evan- by Herman N. Morse. 8 vo. 419 gelistic Campaign and extracts in Africa. They are well told and well illustrated with photo- pp. $2. Home Missions Council from. the Laymen's Commission graphs. He describes the days New York. 1934.

Report. Of the 4,516 students of deep ignorance, slavery and This volume is the result of a in mission colleges, and tech- cannibalism, the witch doctor, united study of the progress, nical schools, a little over one- sorcery and crude customs. the present situation and the third are reported as Christian Mr. Campbell heard the call to next steps to be taken in home Any of the books noted in thesll columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[110 ]

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

mISSIOns. It is the most valu- offer a detailed program for the The Finality of Jesus for Faith. By able general study of the subject solution of the modern problems Alexander Martin, D.D., LL.D. Pp. in recent years. First the re- of slavery, prostitution, bootleg- 217. $2.00. T. & T. Clark, Edinport sets forth the true aim of ging, intemperance, g r aft, burgh. Charles Scribner's Sons, home missions as "the effort, in racketeering, capital and labor New York. 1933. the Spirit of Christ and in ful- problems and international filment of His Great Commis- strife. Jesus Christ presented Principal Martin of New Colsion, to win to Christian disciple- the truth and the Way of Life lege, Edinburgh, entitles these ship of the people of North which, if accepted and lived will lectures "An Apologetic Essay." America and to christianize the transform our relationships to They deal with the problem of life of our nation." Over four God and to our fellow men. The the "Christian Faith and Hishundred pages follow to set Kingdom – or God-ruled life- torical Relativity," with five forth the scope, the agencies and which He presented, He also striking chapters on Jesus, the the special fields of the enter- made possible by a divine dy- Rabbi, the Messiah-Son, the Sinprise; the program and policy namic. Purity, self-control, less one, the Saviour and the of the work, the outlook and pro- truth, wisdom, love, sacrifice for Judge. Their method is described posed program of home mission the benefit of others, are the in Dr. Martin's words: work. foundation principles of His Kingdom. No attempt has been made here to As Livingstone said of the re- define the person of Jesus. The maxlation of the geographical feat Prof. Taylor presents the im adopted has been the sound metato the missionary enterprise, so principles clearly in their rela- physical one that a thing is what it the end of the review and fore- tion to industry and he gives an does, and the functions which He fulcast is the beginning of the new abundance of facts which should fills have been taken as a sufficient missionary forward movement. be taken into consideration in clue to His significance. So construed Here are the facts in regard to the adjustment of labor difficul- He is found, unless the whole histor- ,agencies, finances and plans, the ties. Wage conditions are per- ical records are not merely worthless general surveys of the various plexing and agreement between but intelligible, to assume supremacy fields and projects – Alaska, capital and labor and consumer in the spiritual order of life. West Indies, Indians, Mexicans, is difficult but adjustments must Orientals, Mormons, Jews, Ne- be made with a view to justice Dr. Martin handles the recgroes, New Americans, Moun- and the promotion of human wel- ords with great critical freedom. taineers, cities and rural areas. fare. The greatest difficulties Indeed one wonders what is left The problems relate to intellec- are due to selfishness on the one of any doctrine of inspiration. tual, social, economic and reli- hand and to shiftlessness and But his conclusions are the congious progress, to unoccupied waste on the other. clusions of the historic faith in fields, elimination of overlap- Jesus Christ as the unique Son ping and cooperation. The place of women and chil- of God and only Saviour of man- kind. The argument is reassur- The size of the problem is seen dren in industry shows great ing to faith. It is intended to be from the fact that there are in persuasive also to unbelief, the United States 13,366,401 for- need for improvement-with 55,- though it declares that "the afeign born Europeans, 1,422,533 firmations of spiritual experi- Spanish-speaking people, 250,- 000 in textile industries-mostly ence never are logically demon- 000 Orientals, 12,000,000 Ne- strable….. The evidence of spirgroes, 6,750,000 Mountaineers, in the southern states at wages itual experience is itself and in 750,000 Mormons and 350,000 its outcome and asks no other Indians. Alaska and the West from $5.00 to $10.00 a week. It attestation. Faith has always Indies are special fields. had its reasons which the reason is not a modern problem for 100 did not understand; and in these Christianity and Industry in Amer- it rests and is content." ica. By Alva W. Taylor. 12 mo. years ago cotton mills in Eng- 212 pp. Reading list and Index. R. E. S. $1 and 60 cents. Friendship Press. land employed 84,000 children New York. 1933. under 18 years of age. This em- William Carey of India. By Percy ployment of women and children H. Jones. 223 pp. 2s. net. Picker- Here is a mission study book is one of the causes of unem- ing & Inglis, London. by the professor of social ethics ployment of men – the natural in Vanderbilt University, Nash- wage earners for families. Many In this thrilling biography of ville, Tenn. He is well known executives are largely overpaid the founder of missions in India and highly respected as a stu- while manual workers are we have a most delightful tonic dent of ethical and industrial underpaid. for lagging missionary zeal. The problems, is a clear thinker and book is admirably suited to adowriter. He recognizes the dif- For the solution of the prob·· lescent boys and girls. Carey's ference between the simple in- lems Dr. Taylor recommends an continuous adventures will dustrial life of the first century awakening of the public con- quickly capture the youthful and the complex problems of our science, a recognition of the mind and hold it to the last. machine age. Jesus did not right of both labor and capital, closer cooperation in place of The author lays the foundation conflict, arbitration in place of for the rest of the book by in- retaliation and the promotion of sight into the beginning of a well informed and true Chris- Carey's life. His famous slogan, tian spirit of honest justice and "Expect great things from God, brotherhood.

Attempt great things for God," family an entire month's in- huge rock, the "Enchanted is the heart of each chapter. come." Funerals for husbands, Mesa," three hundred feet in the The difficulties in getting started to India the never-to-be- wives, mothers cost their fam- air, dwell the Acomas-in comforgotten five-months' trip on the "Kron Princessa Maria," the ilies from $96.50 to $279. The plete isolation "unimpressed by story of the first converts, Carey's prodigious labors as a most expensive funeral recorded either missionaries or Henry translator of the Bible into thirty-four different languages, required an expenditure equiva- Ford." Here in the oldest conafford thrilling reading. His great work in Bengali is con- lent to forty-five months' income! tinuously inhabited city in the sidered by many even now unsurpassed. For the invested In the final chapter we have a United States, are houses of rock $2,400 in Carey, he gave back not only the founding of missions summary of the findings in aver- that were standing four centuin India, but over a quarter of a million in money. age expenditure for food, cloth- ries ago and are still in use.

What a life! Will twentieth ing, rent, etc. The author has In one of them was born James century Christianity dare treat such a glorious heritage lightly? furnished thirty-one excellent Paytiamo, the author. He invites HOWARD A. ADAIR. illustrations, twenty – one dia- us to listen while he revives How Chinese Famiilies Live in Pei- grams, a glossary of Chinese memories of a boyhood spent in ping. By Sidney D. Gambel. pp. 348; $3.00. Funk & Wagnalls, New terms, and a bibliography of this "Sky City" and in the sur- York. 1933. similar studies carried on in rounding deserts and mountain There is a proverb current among the poor in China which other fields. Altogether this is forests. He tells us how his peosums up the background of this most interesting economic sur- a noteworthy contribution to a ple prepare food and describes in vey: "Seven things to worry about when you throw open your better understanding of Chinese detail the ceremonies carried on door each morning-fuel, rice, oil, salt, soy, vinegar, tea." All daily life in a great city. during the hunting seasons. The students of social and home economics will welcome this study Dr. Arthur W. Hummel, head severe tests that Indian boys of household expenses in Chinese families at Peiping. Mr. Gamble, of the Chinese Department of must endure before they are alwho is Research Secretary of the National Council of the Young the Library of Congress says: lowed to participate in the cere- Men's Christian Associations, is well known as the author of "A " ….. Behind these figures, so monial dances are portrayed in- Social Survey of Peking" prepared some years ago. conscientiously and intelligently timately. These tests are more The book shows how the fam- gathered, lie concealed tales of taxing than the exercises inciilies with the lowest income, of eight silver dollars per month, amazing endurance, of individual dent to the "initiation of the spend an average of less than eight cents silver each person and family cooperation that braves," doubtless because the per day for food. The budget for clothing, heat, light, etc., is also would do justice to any novel. Apaches, the ancient enemies of given in detail, based on a survey of 283 families with incomes He has given to historians a re- the Pueblos, are no longer roamnot over 550 Chinese silver dollars per month. The expendi- liable yardstick by which to ing the plains at will. Eight tures for weddings and funerals are extraordinarily large and a measure the economic changes colored drawings by the author heavy drain on family resources. Many households go into debt to that life in Peiping, along with are representations of various secure funds for the display on these occasions. "The feast to the rest of the world, is under- costumes worn by ceremonial celebrate the engagement of a son, together with the gifts to going." S. M. ZWEMER. dancers. Many of the superstithe prospective bride cost one tions that still enslave the Acoma Flaming Arrow's People. By James Indians are mentioned. While the Paytiamo (An Acoma Indian). Illustrated with 8 colored drawings author has no harsh word for by the author. 178 pp. $2.50. Duffield and Green. New York. the medicine men other than the 1933. declaration that they are a hated A full-blooded Acoma (Pueb- 10) Indian, grown to manhood clan, he describes some of the and appreciative of the educa- tion he received at Haskell Insti- traps young Acoma men must tute, has written sympathetically concerning the daily life and shun. COE HAYNE.

tribal customs of his people that Follow the Leader. By Winifred have remained unchanged since Hulbert, 12 mo. 125 pp. 50 and the time of Columbus and long 75 cents. Central Committee in the before. Along an obscure road United Study of Foreign Missions. branching off of the Santa Fe Cambridge, Mass. 1933. Trail, sixty-five miles west of Albuquerque, the reader may These attractive stories for travel in imagination with this Juniors tell of life in North and Indian author as guide, through Central Africa, in India, in the forests of juniper and pinon and Philippines and Japan and on across alkaline flats to the "big the Mexican border. They de- valley" where the Acomas in scribe, incidentally, various prehistoric times cultivated their phases of missionary work but corn and beans and squash-just emphasize the promotion of as they do today-and finally to friendship and understanding the Acoma Mesa. On top of this between humans of different races rather than the turning of men to God through a new understanding and relationship to Jesus Christ. Both are needed.

I Items New Books Sunday

(CO'nCluded from page 65.) Objectives, Principles and Program Supplies of Y. M. C. A.'s m Orthodox Coun- Dr. C. L. Hsia, First Secretary of tries. 20 pp. World's Committee, S~oQu~ndo. isP!llnJmeu/ the Chinese Legation, has recently re- Y. M. C. A. Geneva. turned to China. Mr. W. S. Lao, /lilernultiJnu/Il'SSIJIIS formerly chief of Telegraph Section of Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Nan- The S'hi'ite Religion. Dwight M. king, succeeded Dr. Hsia; he arrived Donaldson. 393 pp. 15s. Luzac. ·/orullIkntHlllimlillls in Washington early in December. London. Dr. Hsia was very active during his Charlotte R. Willard of Merzifon. tile for student days as the secretary for the Edited by Ernest pye. 210 pp. $2. Chinese Students' Christian Union in Revell. New York. and Waiting Upon God. Harvey Farmer. Great Britain. • • * 31 pp. 25 cents. B. I. C. Assn. Chicago. The Rev. Lindsay S. B. 'Hadley, formerly a missionary in China, and for seven years Candidate Secretary Japan Christian Year Book-1933. for the Presbyterian Board of For- 428 pp. Kyo Bun Kwan. Tokyo. eign Missions, resigned on January 1, Light from Darkness. Takeo Iwa- John McNeill. Alexander Gammie. to accept a unanimous call to the pas- 276 pp. 58. Pickering & Inglis. torate of First Presbyterian Church hashi. 103 pp. $1. Winston. PhiIa. London.

of Cortland, N. Y. Rose From Brier. Amy Carmichael. Day's Worship. Chas. B. Foelsch. 205 pp. 38.6d. S. P. C. K. London. 385 pp. 75 cents. United Lutheran •** Bishop John McKim, presiding Pub. House. Phila. bishop of the Japanese Episcopal Almanacs and Calendars. Published Epistle Messages-Sermons on the Church for 37 years, has resigned be- by Pickering & Inglis. London: cause of failing health. His successor Epistles. Edited by Herman E. is Rt. Rev. Samuel Heaslett of Yoko- Daily Meditation Calendar, lB. 6d. Miller. 252 pp. $1.50. United hama. Golden Grain Calendar, 18. 3d. Lutheran Pub. House. Phila. *•• Golden Text Calendar, lB. 3d. From Sabbath to Sunday. Paul Cot- Grace and Truth Calendar, 18. ton. 184 pp. Times Pub. Co. Beth- Mr. Robert L. Latimer, Treasurer Daily Manna Calendar, 18. lehem, Pa. of the Board of Foreign Missions of Young Folks Calendar, 18. 1000 Wonderful Things About the the United Presbyterian Church, com- Bible Almanac, 2d. Bible. Hy Pickering. 228 pp. 28. pleted 40 years of service in this very Daily Light Almanac, lB. 5d. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. London. responsible position September 29, Our Home Almanac, 1d. Them Also. Mary Warburton Booth. 1933. When Mr. Latimer began the 253 pp. 38. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. treasurership there were 18 stations God and the World Through Chris- London. abroad, now there are 34; the num- tian Eyes. Various Authors. 48. To What Purpose? Marshall Bromber of the missionaries of the Foreign Student Christian Movement Press. hall. 88 pp. 18. C. I. M. London. Board, not including wives, was 31, London. Victorious Lives of Early Christians now 87. The annual budget of the Board was $106,800; now it is $303,- John R. Mott, World Citizen. Basil 444. But during those 40 years the Mathews. 78. 6d. Student Chris- tian Movement Press. London.

amount annually raised on the fields The Story of the Student Christian in Korea. M. W. Noble. 174 pp. has increased from $11,418 to $517,- Movement. Tissington Tatlow. M. Noble. Seoul, Korea. 863, and the number of communicant 128.6d. S. C. M. P. London Young Fu of the Upper Yangtze. members in the churches abroad has Elizabeth Foreman Lewis. 265 pp. grown from 10,641 to 65,712. Mr. Christian Mass Movements in India $2.50. Winston. Phila. Latimer declares that it has been a -A Study with Recommendations Let the People Praise Thee. R. L. privilege and an inspiration to have J. Waskom Pickett. 382 pp. $2. Abingdon Press. New York. shared in such work. Whytehead. 100 pp. 18. paper; 28. 6d. cloth. S. P. G. House. Lon- *** Mahatma Gandhi-His Life, Work don. Mrs. Thomas Nicholson, of Mount and Influence. J ashwant R. Chit- Vernon, Iowa, was elected chairman ambar. $2. 264 pp. Winston. A Chaplain in India-His Life and of the Foreign Missions Conference Phila. Labours. G. M. Davies. 320 pp. of North America at the recent Garden City Conference. Canon S. Ann H. Judson-Missionary Heroine 58. Marshall, Morgan & Scott. Gould, of Toronto, was elected first of Burma. E. R. Pitkin. Pickering London. vice-chairman; Bishop A. R. Clip- & Inglis. London. pinger, of Dayton, Ohio, second vice- The Livingstone of South Americachairman; Leslie B. Moss, of New Jothy. Charlotte Chandler Wyckoff. The Life and Aventures of W. Bar- York, and Miss Florence Tyler, of 302 pp. $2. Longmans Green. New brooke Grubb Among the Wild Aurora, N. Y., secretaries. York. Tribes of the Gran Chaco, Para- guay, Bolivia, Argentina, the Falk- • *• Japanese Festival and Calendar Lore. land Islands and Tierra del Fuego. William Hugh Erskine. 209 pp. R. J. Hunt. 247 pp. 78. 6d. Seeley, The Rev. Percy Stevens, late of $1.25. Kyo Bun Kwan. Bethany Service. London. London but with twelve years' experi- College Book Store, Bethany, W. ence as a missionary in the Chinese Va. Elizabeth Mary Newman, 1855-1932 diocese of Kwangsi-Hunan, is to be -The Florence Nightingale of Bishop of that diocese for the Church Light Out of Darkness. Eleanor In- Kashmir. Illus. 18 pp. 6d. _Seeley, in China. His predecessor, Bishop gle Pilson. 88 pp. Revell. New Service. London. Holden, becomes Bishop of the western York. World Tides in the Far East. Basil diocese of Szechuan, whose late Robert E. Lee the Christian. Wil- Matthews. 160 pp. 28. Edinburgh Bishop, Dr. Mowll, has become Bishop liam J. Johnstone. 300 pp. $2. House Press. London. of Sydney and Archbishop of the Abingdon. New York. Province of New South Wales. China. U. K. Shebbeare. (S. P. G. Kwangsi-Hunan is a southern diocese, The Mystery of Jordan Green. Mar- Handbooks. New Series.) Illus. Bishop Logan Roots' neighbor on the garet R. Seebach. 222 pp. $1. Map. 105 pp. 18. S. P. G. London. southern border of the diocese of United Lutheran Pub. House. Phila. Borneo. L. E. Currey. (S. P. G. Hankow. These foreign bishops have My Year in Rhodesia. Fr. Andrew. Handbooks. New Series.) Illus. been developing Chinese leadership. 64 pp. 18. S. P. G. London. Map. 96 pp. lB. S. P. G. London.

IN INCOME, SPENDING AND GIVING fROM 1925 TO

or PEP.CfNTAGE:S 7o——–+———-r——~_r——–~,~,———r———+——–~·70 ,,-' ". INCRf:ASE: ~.——–+———4——-~–O-~r–,-,–,,,,L, '-'–+–".'"~.~—-~——–~——–~~~ 1r5O0 ——–+———~a~.~.t.C~a,V..~-t-.'~-''~—'-y~~———-~—–,-""~&———4———~'n 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 While the decline in church giving between 1929 and 1933 ",as 42%. the drop in national income during the same period u:as 56%-greater by 14%. Figl/res/rom Marls & Lundy, Inc., reprinted/rom December, 1933, "EveryoM".

Help Win the MOSLEM MILLIONS BY USE OF THE GOSPEL IN PRINT The Good News of Christ, interpreted to Moslems through the Christidn life dnd literdture, is winning a hearing for the Gospel in many lands.

Will you help to supply this needed Christian literature for millions who have never heard the Gospel in ESypt Syrle Irak China Morocco Penia Pelestine India Java Aisiers Turkey Malaysle Sumatra Tunis Arabia South Afria.

Send your help to the missionaries in these countries through The American Christian Literature Society For Moslems Cooperating with Interdenominational Committees on the field.

BOARD OF MANAGERS William I. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President c» Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L. Pierson, of New York, Vice-Presidents Mrs. William Bancroft Hill, Honorary Vice-President Dr. James untine, Corresponding Secretary Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.O., General Secretary Rev. Thomas S. Donohugh Dr. John H. Raven Rev. Robert W. Searle, D.O. Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Mrs. J. M. Montgomery Wilbert B. Smith Rev. A. C. Snead Rev. Mills J. Taylor, D.O.

John W. Wood, D.C.l.

Gilts may be sent to Mrs. E. E. Olcott, Treasurer, at 116 East 68th St., New York City Apply for information to THE SECRETARY, 25 East 22nd Street, New YorkCity

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1921

XLIV NUMBER

THE MISSIONARY .~ DECEMBER, 1921 THE SHIFTING THOUGHTS OF JAPAN ROBERT E. SPEER PEKING UNION MEDICAL COLLEGE B. E. READ THE WANTED CHILDREN OF INDIA AMY WILSON CARMICHAEL VENEZUELA-A NEGLECTED NEIGHBOR WEBSTER E. BROWNING THE SOUTHERN HIGHLANDER AND HIS HOMELAND RODNEY W. ROUNDY MAKING MISSIONARY POSTERS MRS. E. C. CRONK $2.50 A YEAR 25 CENTS A COPY MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY 3d and REILYSTS., HARRISBURG, PA. 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK

RUSSIA'S

I The Russian Bible and Evang~lization Society is active on the field. It has over 35 workers on the field. Four Bible stores have been opened. Numerous evangelistic meetings are being held in large halls. theatres. and churches.

Volumes of Scriptures are being widely spread. In many places people are eagerly study- I ing the Word of God in regular Bible courses. But the need for the Gospel is more urgent than ever hefore among the 250,000,000 Russian, Slavonic and Greek Catholic people with 9,000,000 Jews among them.

i This field needs hundreds of preachers, evangelists, and million of Bibles.

I Financial help is needed for preachers, for the extensive distribution of Scriptures and for a Bible Printing Plant on the field (cost, $50,000).

Send contributions to THE RUSSIAN BIBLE AND EVANGELIZATION SOCIETY 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y.

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A book which brings to youth not only the stern realities but also the great beauty of Christianity. Boxed, $2.00 Booksbops THE WOMANS PRESS 600 Lexington Ave_ Everywhere or New York City Please mention THJt MISSIONARY R£VI£W op THE Wf)'RI.D in writin", to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L PIERSON, E~itor CONTENTS FOR DECEMBER, 1921 Page F~ONTISPIECE …………… THREE VERY MUCH WANTED CHILDREN m' INDIA EDITORIAL COMMENT ………………………………………….. 907 Mo..Tem." Jew.. and Christians in Christian Cooperation in China PaleRtine Porto Rico Union Church Progress in the Cure of Leprosy African Prophets on the Congo The Missionary Situation in Angola Roumania and ReUgious Mino"';'ties THE SHIFTING "THOUGHTS" OF .JAPAN ……………. ROBERT E. SPEER 917 The various phases of Japanese thought on industrial, social, political, educa· tional and religious problems, as viewed by Doctor Speer on his recent visit to Japan.

PEKING UNION MEDICAL COLLEGE ……………………. B. E. READ 925 An illustrated story of the growth, the plan and the dedication of the $10,000,000 Medical College in China's capital.

THE WANTED CHILDREN OF INDIA ………….. AMY WILSON CARMICHAEL 929 The well-known author of "Things as they Are in India" and other volumes describes the Indian efforts to obtain children for unholy purposes, and the efforts of the missionaries to rescue these little boys and girls.

THE GREAT ESSENTIAL IN MISSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DWIGHT GODDARD 932 A study of the comparative value of some missionary ideals and methods in view of the great responsibility of the Christian Church.

VENEZUELA-A NEGLECTED NEIGHBOR . . . . . . . . . . . . WEBSTER E. BROWNING 937 One of the least known and most neglected South American countries, de- scribed by a recent visitor. Illustrated with phatographs.

THE SOUTHERN HIGHLANDER AND HIS HOMELAND … RODNEY W. ROUNDY 945 A review of the beRt and most oomplete book desoribing the mountaineers of the South, their homes, charaoteristics, occupations and needs.

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THE MISSIONARY LIBRARy………………………………………. 980 THE INDE{!: FOR 1921 983 TERMS; $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1921, by Missionary Review Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office at Harrisburg, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

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PERSONALS

The Strongest DR. W. E. DOUGHTY, of the staff of the Near East Relief, has returned from a tour Bible Scholarship of inspection of the territory served by this organization.

In The Sunday School Times, Biblical scholars REV. GEORGEC. LENINGTON, D.D., formerly of world-wide renOwn bring you their most illu- Issionary to South America and later pastor minating 6ndings,-for example: of the American Church in Mexico City, has become financial secretary of the Ministerial Sir William M. Ramsay, D.D., D.C.L., Pension Fund of the Reformed Church in .LL.D., Lilt.D. America .

whose researches in Asia Minor are every- BISHOP HERBERT WELCH, of the Meth· where recognized as the most important odist Church in Korea and Japan, is in contribution of the kind to New Testament America for several months on special work study. connected with his area.

Prof. Robert DickWilson, Ph.D., D.D. REV. EGBERT W. SMITII, D.D., executive secretary of the Southern Presbyterian Professor of Semitic Languages 'lnd Old Board of Foreign Missions, will visit the Testament Criticism in Princeton Theologi- Congo mission field during the winter. cal Seminary, master of twenty-six lan- Doctor Smith will first hold conferences in guages. In Biblical Criticism, he deals in Belgium with the Colonial Minister of the evidence,-not theory. Belgian Congo. Prof. Melvin Grove Kyle, D.D., LL.D.

Archeological Editor of The Sunday-School MISS ZUNG WEI TSUNG, di~tinguished Times, and Professor of Biblical Theology and Archeology in Xenia Theological Sem- representative of the neW Chinese journal· inary. He combjnes scientific scholarship with whole-hearted belief in the Word. ism, is visiting in England to examine The Rev.W. H. GriffithThomas, D.D. socllil conditions.

has TaTe power "to deal with the most sub- P ASTOR PETER * leader oL the tle difficulties of scientific and theological thought, and at the same time to present a GORODISHZ, message fitted to the understanding and heart of a little child." Hebrew Christian movement in Russia, is Prof. A. T. Robertson, Th.M., D.O., in America as the guest of the Hebrew LL.D. Christllin Alliance. He represents the in- Professor of New Testament Interpretation in the Southern Baptist Theological Sem- terests of Jewish widows and orphans left inary, whose monumental workJ "A Gram- mar of the Creek New Testament in thE by the pogroms. Light of Historical Research," is the recog- nized authority on this subject in America * and am-"ad. MME. KAJI YAJIMA, who founded the Eut all this is only one department of Women's Christian Temperance Union in Japan, is in America to present the desire of Japanese women for peace at the con- ference of nations held in Washington.

Madam Yajima is eighty-nine years of age.

RT. REV. A. S. LLOYP, Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Diocese of New York, has retnrned from a trip to North Cape, the northernmost point of Europe.

Every issue contains thirteen unique helps on " " MR. J. W. PHELPS, secretary of the Mis· the International Improved Uniform Lessons. grl.ded for different ages, yet binding the entire sion Board of the Church of God at Ander· hJme and school together in Eibl. study. son, Indiana, is visiting the missions in the Britisb West Indies. Isn't this your opportunity to become familiar with The Sunday-School " Tim e s? A "Get-Acquainted" .,… DR. SAMUEL M. ZWEME& has recently subscription-Io weeks for 25 -,01- t7 returned to take up his work in Cairo. Hi. wife and children remain in America. The I cents-will do it. Will you a ~0e-.$ eldest daughter, Elizabeth, is studying medicine at the University of Michigan, invest 25 cents in The preparing to be a medical missionary.

aSnudndtahye-sSechreomolarTki-mes"Q~et/'" ~¥i:~:TYHoEoBJ:f~ REV. ENOOH F. BELL, IIssocllite secretary able helps? …eO: Box 1550 ()f the Amerie,an. Board ()f Foreigu Mi..si()u.., has been placed in charge of the editorial 9:'10 Phllada. and publicity devartment of the Board. Mr. ~),.c(; For the ;25 cents enclosed Bell's missionary service in Japan, and his extensive travels in Korea, China, the Phil- ,~e 1:; S~h:l Ti~~s I :~e~t~ ippines and Mexico have given him a fami] iarity with missionary acbievement. to Name ..•……..•…•.•.••.••a. __ Address ……………………. . Ask your bookseller to show you Tho Sunday School Tim.. book.

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A REAL SURPRISE in BIBLE STUDY NE~ AND ENTIRELV DIFFERENT No IIIOre waatlD8' of time aad eaeJ'gy with cODcordaDC'ea aad other books. All the helpsnecessaJ)l for practical /jible study in one convenient volume. ~elf· explanatory. Contains a unique, easy reference system. No figures in text. Has a wonderful Text Cyclopedia containing many new and striking helpful features not to be found in any other book. Best Bible students agree tbat this is the very Bible that has been needed for years beciUlSe It Is so practical. Sav•• time and labar.

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B. B. KIRI{BRIDE BIBLE CO., Dept;W :ndian~po!is, Indiana CHRISTMAS GIFTS FOR LEPERS DR. HEISER says: Fill your own Christmas stocking with "There are two million lepers in the happiness by sending quickly a check or money order marked "Lepers' Christmas." world." What a lot of empty Christmas This will help "The American Mission to stockings! In fact, many of them have no Lepers" reach _thousands in its stations stockings at all. It is too early for you to under every denomination and in every hang yours by the chimney. It is not too country with a token of love from America. early to send the funds that, across seas, All gifts will be officially acknowledged. will bring joy on Christmas morning to Gifts for general funds, in support of the thousands of the most needy and helpless world-wide work of The Mission to Lepers ones in the world – our Leper friends. may also be sent. Many of them will have no holiday cheer.

Send to: FLEMING H. REVELL, Treasurer, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS CHAT Two ERRORS CORRECTED (page 515) was wrongly labeled. It was taken in Rio de Janeiro, and In the November REVIEW, page represents a Post-Panama Confer- 893, the disastrous fire at Herrnhut, ence of Evangelical Christians in Saxony, which destroyed a large part Brazil, called together to organize of the Widows' House belonging to for Christian cooperation. The gen· the Moravians, was erroneously lo- tleman standing next to Doctor cated at New Herrnhut, St. Thomas, Halsey, who somewhat resembles the Virgin Islands. Herrnhut in Saxony late President of Mexico, is the Rev. has for two hundred years been the Alvaro dos Reis, pastor of the First headquarters of Moravian work, and Presbyterian Church of Rio de for one hundred and thirty years Janeiro. Moravian Missions have held their General Synod meetings in this *** house. The two hundredth anniversary of the Herrnhut Church is to WANTED–JANUARY, 1906 be celebrated next year. A subscriber earnestly desires a copy of the MISSIONARY REVIEW m' *** THE WORLD for January, 1906, to com- plete a library file of the magazine~ If By some unexplained error the any of our readers have a copy which photograph of Dr. A. W. Halsey at they are willing to donate or to sell, a Latin American Conference, which kindly write to our Subscription Dewas published in the July REVIEW partment.

MUCH WANTED CHILDREN OF

(See Miss Am y ,VilSOll Carm ichaeJ's article, page 929.)

MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL. DECEMBER, 1921 NUMBER XLIV TWELVE ,JEWS, ARABS AND CHRISTIANS IN PAL]1JSTINE D ISAPPOINTMENT is felt by those who hoped that the entry of British troops into Palestine and the overthrow of the oppressive rule of the Turk would usher in an era of great opportunity for Christian work among Jews and Moslems. The situation at times appears gloomy and at all times calls for patience and perseverance. Hatred against the Jews has increased in the past two years and is openly manifested in an anti-Jewish propaganda, including even persecution and death. Nominal Christians join the Moslems in this hostility so that their attitude embitters the Hebrews against Christians and their message.

Rev. S. B. Rohold of Haifa writes that "the nervous condition of the Arabs and the intrigues of French Catholics are evident everywhere …. It is a difficult mission to perform, to bring peace through the Prince of Peace to Jews, Arabs and nominal Christians…. Only at the Cross of Jesus can all these different nationalities find peace and harmony."

An Arab delegation, journeying to America on tho samo ship with a Zionist delegation, has appealed to President Harding against the so-called "Jewish Danger." Arabs, Mohammedans and native Christians have also appealed to the British Government not to put into effect the Balfour Declaration in favor of a Jewish National Home in Palestine, because they say that the Zionists wish to dispossess the Arab population.

The Arabs fear that their country, their holy places, and their lands will be taken from them and given to strangers, and that they will be gradually forced out by a massed immigration of Jews. Native Christians declare that they will never live under a Jewish government, and the Vatican has definitely arrayed itself against the Zionists.

907

The Zionists, however, assure the Moslems and Christians that their fears are groundless. Dr. Chaim "Veizmann, president of the Twelfth Zionist Congress, recently held at Carlsbad, declares; "We intend to abate no jot of the rights guaranteed to us by the Balfour Declaration, and recognition of that fact by the Arabs is an essential preliminary to the establishment of satisfactory rela- tions between Jew and Arab. We proclaim most solemnly and un- equivocally that we have in our own hearts no thought of aggression, no intention of trespassing on the legitimate rights of our neighbors. . We look forward to a future in which Jew and Arab will live side by side in Palestine, and work conjointly for the prosperity of the country. Nothing will stand in the way of such a future, when once our neighbors realize that our rights are as serious a matter to us as their rights are to them."

Sir Herbert Samuel, the British High Commissioner of Pales- tine under the mandate, and himself a distinguished Jew, has even been accused of being too lenient with Arab outbreaks on the one hand, and of being not sufficiently Zionistic on the other. In his recent report to Parliament be declared that the policy of the British Government "contemplates the satisfaction of the legitimate aspira- tions of the Jewish race throughout the world in relation to Palestine, combined with a full protection of the rights of the existing popu- lation. "

Friends of the Jews believe that there should be satisfaction of that sentiment regarding Palestine which, in increasing degree, ani- mates the Jewries of the world. Fourteen million people ask for the opportunity to establish a "home" in the land which was the political, and has always been the religious, center of their race. They ask that this home should possess national characteristics-in language and custom, in intellectual interests, in religious and political insti- tutions.

Sir Herbert Sam~el holds that this does not mean that " Jewish immigration is to involve Arab emigration, that the greater pros- perity of the country, through the development of Jewish enter- prises, is to be at the expense, and not to the benefit of the Arabs, that the use of Hebrew is to imply the disappearance of Arabic, that the establishment of elected Councils in the Jewish Community for the control of its affairs is to be followed by the subjection of the Arabs to the rule of those Councils. In a word, the degree to which Jewish national aspirations can be fulfilled in Palestine is condi- tioned by the rights of the present iuhabitants.' , The prophecy of the Bible and the promises of God to the Jews are in process of fulfilment in spite of the fears and oppositions of the enemies of Israel. This ancient people must continue to pass through periods of tribulation until they recognize in Jesus Christ

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

their Messiah. There is already reported among the Jews in Palestine an unprecedented movement toward Christ, especially among the Halutzim (or Zionist pioneers), both men and women. Nineteen of these are under special Christian instruction in Haifa and some give evidence of being soundly converted. There is great need for a well equipped Christian Training Institute that can prepare these young people for service as evangelists in the Holy Land. The demand for Bibles is increasing, especially Hebrew Bibles for the Jews and in Arabic for Moslems. There are signs of the fulfilment of prophecy but no evidence as yet that "The Kingdom of God will immediately appear."

AFRICAN PROPHETS ON THE CONGO PROPHETS, who preach Christ and heal diseases are reported to have arisen on the lower Congo. Last April reports came from the lower Belgian Congo that one of these so-called "prophets" had arisen near Wathen, and that he was not only preaching with power, but that he was healing the sick and curing the blind. A second prophet, also a native Christian, was reported in another town, preaching and healing multitudes who came from hundreds of miles up the river. A third prophet is reported from W ene, near the Mbwella Mission Station of the English Baptist Missionary Society, and a fourth at Lumbi, west of Mbwella. There are still other "prophets" and some who predict that false prophets are to arise, and the greatest true prophet will appear later in San Salvador, Portuguese West Africa.

Rev. R. H. C. Graham, the British Baptist missionary, writes: "We have one example of this sort of prDphet in the fellow who has set up at Kwimba, claiming that he has risen from the dead, and that he wm not begin to do his mighty works till his Master has arrived in a shower of blood, and then he will heal the sick and raise the dead, not to mention trampling into the flames all who did not believe in his pretentions. Vangu, one of the Christian teachers, insisted on seeing him and told him a few homely truths, but the poor folk are still duped by him. "The remarkable thing about this movement is that it aims at helping on mission work. All of the" prophets" try to get Christian deacons and teachers to help them instruct all who come in the truths of the New Testament, and insist upon evil men giving up their . sinful ways and submitting to the Gospel and Law of Christ. "We have not seen a single case which could be thought miraculous healing, and vet the sick think themselves cured, and those who witnessed the pr;phet's work think so too, so that men who went to scoff become worshippers, and hundreds of heathen and Roman Catholics have become earnest hearers of the Gospel of Christ.

"Besides the ordinary belief in charms for protection from witchcraft, and the system of witch-doctors depending upon it, there have been several general quasi-religious movements in past days. ,'Elembe" was the name of an indefinable terror believed in by everybody but understood by nobody, which paralyzed the country about the year 1860. "Kiyoka," in 1872, was a crusade against all kinds of charms and fetishes. Strenuous efforts were made to destroy all fetishes, and several helpful laws were made against violence, but the people continued to be sick and to die, so the movement ended. Then "Kinyambi" arose in 1885, and hundreds of poor people were fleeced by venders of the Kinyambi water of life, which it was claimed would preserve the person who drank it from any natural death.

"All these crazes were evidently making money for those who taught them, but the present movement is of quite a different order. The "prophets" refuse all re)Vard, and, in so far as the original ones are concerned at any rate, they seem only to aim at the spread of the Gospel. The news which reaches us from their districts is of crowded services and earnest seekers after the truth."

"There can be no doubt," says Mr. Graham, "that the' prophets' have cured many neurotic diseases, and have inspired even hopeless cases with confidence and joy in the certainty of recovery, but there is no clear evidence of any certain cure of a real disease or deformity. Letters from members and adherents of churches tell of wonderful cures they themselves have witnessed, and beg the missionaries not to doubt them, since they are the means of bringing hundreds of hitherto careless people within the reach of the GospeL"

PORTO RICO '8 UNION PROTESTANT CHURCH FOR years there were two English-speaking congregations in San Juan, one for Methodists and allother for Presbyterians. Both churches did good work but they were always struggling wtth fluctuating congregations because neither denomination was strong enough to build up a prosperous church. The American and English-speaking colony in San Juan is less than a thousand in population, and of this number many are not church-going people.

The suggestion that the two churches unite was brought up at one of the Regional Missionary Conferences held in San Juan in March, 1916, and after considerable discussion, several meetings of a Central Conference Committee and favorable action by the two congregations, the Union Church was constituted on November 2, 1917, and a constitution was adopted after baving been presented by the Joint Oommittee.

This church has just closed its fourth year under the pastorate of Rev. F. E. McGuire. The result has been marked success, and

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

almost all the people of San Juan belonging to the different Protestant denominations have joined the Union Church. Every department of the work has grown and prospered. The Woman's Auxiliary, with its eight or ten committees, has done untold good. The Calling Committee has made on an aver- age of forty calls a month during the past year. The Beneficial Committee has accomplished what has never yet been undertaken by any evangelical church in Porto Rico-supplying powdered milk to the poor who could not buy cows'

milk because it was so scarce, and giving Thanksgiving dinners to poor families. The Voman 's Mis- sionary Society pays the scholar- ship for a boy and a girl at Chris- tian institutions, and has a sewin:!"

circle which meets every two weeks to sew for the poor.

This church is never in debt and always has something to help needy causes. Last year over THE UNION CHURCH IN SAN JUAN $800.00 was disbursed in benevo- lences. The budget for this year calls for over $6,000. The Union Church and its Bible School are fillillg a great gap in Porto Rico.

ROUMANIA AND RELIGIOUS MINORITIES I T IS difficult for authorities in a country where church and state are united to deal justly and impartially with citizens who belong to other religious bodies than the State Church. This was true in China and Japan until Christianity proved its value through education and philanthropy. It has been true in Italy, Spain and other Roman Catholic countries where the priests were in power. It has been true in Russia, Greece and Roumania, where Eastern Orthodox potentates of the Church had large influence with the government. Christians, Jews, special sects, have suffered where their opponents have wished to control religious belief and worship, as well as educational and political policies.

Roumania has long been an oppressor of the Jews, and has not dealt fairly with the Hungarian and Saxon communities in Transylvania. Throughout the country there is an atmosphere of suspicion and distrust, if not of hatred. It is reported that ministers of the churches are hampered in their work, and the very life of the churches

is in danger. The personal and official liberty of the officers of the churches, in the Church courts, and in the schools connected with the churches, is restricted, and, in many cases, has been entirely taken away. Some ministers and members of these churches are now in prison. Many of them have been flogged, and often the causes of these ill-treatments seem from the evideuce at hand to have been not at all commensurate with the severity of the punishment. Almost all the homes and private property of these people have been commandeered. Property of their schools, their colleges, and in some instances their churches have been taken from them. The destruction caused by the troops and by the local authorities to the church and school property has not been repaired. All of these allegations are of acts that are in complete disregard of the solemn provisions and promises guaranteed through the Minority Treaty signed December 10, 1919, by which treaty the Roumanian Government made itself responsible for the protection of these minorities.

The American Committee on the Rights of Religious Minorities, of which Rev. Dr. Arthur J. Brown is chairman, and William Jennings Bryan, Henry Morgenthau and William H. Taft are members, has recently sent a communication protesting to the Roumanian Government against injustices suffered by its citizens. The committee recognizes the difficulties encountered by the Roumanian Government, caused by the relationship between the Hungarian churches in Transylvania and their affiliation with the Hungarian Government; and asks the Roumanian Government to bring together the representatives of these churches in Transylvania, together with the leaders of the Roumanian Church and Government, to confer with a view to securing a proper readjustment of the questions that are now causing irritation, and to do justice to all the peoples in the territories under Roumanian control.

CHRISTIAN COOPERATION IN CHINA O NE OF the most notable changes in missionary work in China is the development of cooperation. Formerly, missionaries were separated and worked in units; today, they are brought together in interdenominational and international committees and institutions. Rev. C. G. Sparham, of Hankow, Secretary of the China Advisory Council of the London Missionary Society, calls attention to some of the larger movements in the direction of Christian cooperation in China.

.., There has been on the part of many of the missionary societies a movement in the direction of working the whole of their fields in China as a unit. This is done by the linking up of mission stations with a district committee or council; and then forming a national council whitih is representative of aU the districts. The- London

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

Missionary Society and the Northern Presbyterian Board of the United States took action in this direction almost simultaneously some ten years ago, and in many respects the work of these two missions has since moved, on almost parallel lines.

"There is also a strong movement towards the union of churches on a denominational basis. There is a very large number of missions working in China, and not infrequently one denomination has several missions. For example, the Anglican Church has missionaries of the S. P. G. and the C. M. S.; from America comes the Protestant Episcopal Mission and from Canada the Mission of the Canadian Church. While the spheres of labor were separated one from the other, each bishop administered. his own diocese with little or no reference to other bishops, but as the Church developed the need became apparent for greater unity in administration. The whole Anglican Church in China has accordingly been organized as a Chinese Church with a national synod, meeting triennially. In a similar way the Presbyterian Church was formerly worked by many different missions, in many parts of China, as a number of distinct churches. An effort has been made to bring all the churches connected with these missions into one Presbyterian Church for China, and has resulted in the forming of a General Assembly which will meet triennially. The basis of administration will be that of a Chinese Church.

Another stage in the movement for cooperation may be noticed in the drawing together of nearly allied churches. The most conspicuous case of this kind has been the ralJprochement between the Presbyterian Church of China and the churches of the Congregational"order, working in connection with the L. M. S. and the American Board. The churches of the L. M. S. have been in consultation with the churches of the English Presbyterians and those of the American Reformed Church with a view to organic union in southern Fukien. This has already been consummated.

In April, 1918, representative Presbyterians and Congregationalists-Chinese, American and British-from many parts of China, met in conference at Nanking and considered the advisability and possibility of cooperation. The minutes of this conference were circulated, and delegates again met in Nanking in January, 1919. The Chinese representatives pressed for organic union, rather than for federation. They also favored as the name of the Church "The Church of Christ in China." In the Province of Kwangtung a provisional synod of the united Church has already been held. In June, 1920, the synod again met, and those who were present testified to the unity of spirit manifested, especially by the Chinese delegates.

Should this united Church be consummated throughout China it would have a communicant membership of about 100,000, or approximately one-third of the communicant membership of Protestant

churches. in China. Dr. Sparham believes that it would develop Chinese leadership, hasten the work of evangelization and prove to be a strong witness for Christian truth and Christian principles throughout the land.

Several union universities and colleges are supported by a number of agencies, and are working for the uplift of China as a whole. Among these are Canton Christian College, which stands in 150 acres of land, Canton Union Theological College in which eight missions cooperate, including the British Congregationalists, Methodists and Church of England. Hongkong University connects with the Government rather than with Christian missions. The history of the university and the L. M. S. touch at more than one point. Union Normal School at Wuchang prepares teachers for the Lower and Higher Primary Schools. Shantung Christian University at Tsinanfu was commenced by combining the educational work of the American Presbyterian and English Baptist Missions in the Province; other British, American and Canadian Missions now cooperate. Among these are the S. P. G., L. M. S. and Wesleyan Methodists. Peking University will probably become the leading university in China. Union Medical College, Peking, started by the L. M. S., has become a strong union institution.

Chinese Christians are in favM of developing a strong, united Church. From this Church may go forth men so trained in Christian principles that they may be used to purify and uplift the whole life of the people.

PROGRESS IN THE CURE OF LEPROSY F OR centuries leprosy has been considered incurable. In India, for a hundred years or more, an oil made from the seeds of a fruit not unlike the grape fruit, has been used with some beneficial results, but without cures. Dr. Heiser of the Philippines made the first long stride in the use of this chaulmugra oil treatment by using a formula hyperdermically. Now comes the news that in the Hawaiian Islands, where Dr. Dean, President of the University of Hawaii, and Dr. McDonald, have developed ethyl esters of chaulmugra oil, sixty-four patients taking this treatment during a period of months were recently discharged from the Kalihi Hospital as apparently cured.

The doctors who have been treating lepers with this formula call it "a remedial agency of great value, " and while they do not yet claim permanent cure, lepers and their friends everywhere are rejoicing to know that such hopeful results are possible. vVe should not, however, be over optimistic in regard to the permanent benefit from this treatment, since already several of the lepers recently dis-

1921J EDITORIAL COMMENT

LEPERS RECENTLY DISCHARGED FROM HA W'AIIAN LEPER ASYLUM missed in Hawaii as "cured" have returned to the leper hospital. There should be no cessation in the efforts to provide for the segregation of lepers, to care for untainted children, and to seek in other ways to "rid the world of leprosy."

The mOi't famous cure of leprosy in modern times came in answer to prayer. It is the case of Mary Reed, the young American Methodist missionary, who, while not a missionary to lepers, contracted leprosy while in India, and did not discover it until she had come home on furlough. She returned to her field to devote the remaiuder of her life to caring for these sufferers. The arrest of the disease, in answer to prayer, has caused great rejoicing, and for many years Miss Reed has continued to work for lepers in Chandag, North India. Last October she had forty-four women and sixteen men lepers, nearly all of whom have become Christians.

THE MISSIO}JARY SITUATION IN ANGOLA R ECENT letters from Angola, vVest Africa, are painful reading to those interested in the progress of Christianity among the Africans. The Portuguese government officials are reported to be openly opposing Christian activity, and are even unsympathetic with humanitarian movements. A letter written in March says: "An order has come to all the local chiefs that no school can be kept open when taught in any other than the Portuguese language. That means that practically all of the outstations must be closed. The teachers were called up, and although there were several who

speak Portuguese they were told that the schools were closed, all preaching places closed, and that they were not allowed to speak the name of Jesus except inside their houses, each man by himself.

Natives in the employ of missionaries and other foreigners (who are then responsible for payment of the native tax) are supposed to be exempt from government labor conscription. As a matter of fact, however, the officials in a high handed manner demand the services of any native they may desire. The unfortunate men may be captured in what resemble slave raids more than anything else, tied up and sent off to work for the government. If the conscripted boys escape then the villages they come from are raided by soldiers. A system of practical serfdom also obtains among some Portuguese land- owners. Another correspondent writes: "Dark clouds have rapidly gathered and some are breaking.

Orders have come from Lisbon to enforce the teaching of the Portu- guese language, and all foreign teachers and evangelists who cannot use properly the above-named language shall be obliged to discon- tinue work in Angola. The hardship is that every local office holder applies this law as he feels fit, consequently the Bailundo's work is hard hit. Twenty of our large mission outstations, along with seven belonging to Cileso, all being in one district, have been closed on the ground that the native evangelist cannot properly use the Portuguese language, and they are strictly prohibited from ever again assembling to sing sacred songs, or to mention the name of the Lord before an audience. The question of language is, we believe, but a subterfuge.

There are in our mission schools 7,000 registered pupils under organ- ized instruction, and a future ahead that promised great things. To have a baptized membership of a thousand by 1922 was certain, but now where are we ~ Think of it! In a whole section of the country Christians cannot again pray together." .

The policy of all American Protestant missions is to respect the established laws of the country where they labor. Where the govern- ment desires to have the natives instructed in French, Portuguese or other language of the rulers, missionaries are sent out who are well trained in such language. Consequently, all new American mis- sionaries sent to Angola and to Portugnese East Africa, go first to Portugal to study the language. In every way, missionaries seek to assist the government in its work of education, maintenance of order and social betterment. It is difficult, however, to understand how the Portuguese government can rightly insist on prohibiting the use of the vernacular in education and in religious services.

There is no other satisfactory medium through which to instruct the natives and win their cooperation. ThE' rights of missionaries where religious freedom exists are established by custom and by law, and it is hoped that Portugal will not continue to allow her officials to hamper Christian education.

Shifting "Thoughts" of

BY ROBERT E. SPEER A letter to the readers of the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, written on board the S. S. "Dilwara" in the China Sea. September 15, 1921 DEAR FRIENDS: The editor of the REvIEw has asked me to write to you from time to timp, letters of impressions regarding the conditions which we find surrounding the missionary work in the various fields which we are to visit. We had intended to sail. from San Francisco di.rect for India and Persia on August 13th on the S. S. "Creole State," b1lt travelers on the Shipping Board boats have been subject to many vi.cissitudes and we discovered on reaching San Francisco that our sailing had been cancelled by the Pacific Mail and that no provision had been made for the disappointed passenger list. Happily we were able to transfer at once to the" Empress of Asia" of the Canadian Pacific Ocean Service, which sailed from Vancouver August 18th.

It is now easy to see the ample providential compensations for any disap- pointment due to the failttre of our first plan. We lost the visit to Manila, but gained in exchange fresh opportunities for seeing Japan and China again, a full week of conferences with missionaries and missionary committees in Shanghai and Nanking, and the privilege of crossing the Pacific with perhaps the largest number of missionaries and missionary supporters ever going out on a single vessel to the mission field. R. E. S.

The last night before we reached Shanghai, I went alone on thf~ forward deck to look off across the quiet waters toward China, and to contrast our approach with that of Robert Morrison more than a hun- dre.d and ten years ago. He came alone in the face of the opposition of the greatest commercial organization in the world, the East India Company. Noone was waiting for him. He would find no home pre- pared to welcome him, no facilities for language study, no readiness of the people to receive him. They wanted nothing that he had to offer. They had as yet awaked to no realization of their need and no thought that the outer" barbarian world" had anything to give to them. No doubt on his last night as he drew near the China coast, Morrison had gone out under the stars alone to reflect on his mission.

Before him, as before us, the Scorpion stood out clear and sharp in the southwestern sky with the Archer over against it. Vega must have shone as clearly above him as it did over us; standing out as brilliant and almost as near as a green light at the masthead. The same God looked down from the same Heavens over his ship and ours.

But how immeasurably different our missionary situation from his! Thousands of missionaries are settled now over the whole of China. Missionary agencies are at work there as powerful almost a8 all the Christian forces in Great Britain in Morrison's day. Our company would be welcomed in Shanghai by hundreds of missionary friends and would find a living Chinese church established in all the provinces. The same Scorpion would be in the sky, but it would be 917

a very different dragon upon the earth that we would find, a China humbled now, full of friendliness and good-will, dissatisfied with the past, and eager for all the help that it could receive.

But most of all I was interes1;ed in contrasting our ship's company with Morrison's. True he came out on one of the boats of David Oli- phant, who was one of the early American merchants to whom th·~ extension of the Gospel was as deep a concern as his own business.

But how much more our ship represented I There were on board per- haps a hundred and fifty missionaries, old and new, half a dozen American Boards being represented by from twenty to forty mis- sionaries each. The most powerful commercial agency in the world was represented by a deputation of thirty or forty men and women led by Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., coming out to China to express its unselfish interest in the people and to dedicate in Peking a great Medical College and Hospital, given to China for the relief of suffer- ing and for the promotion of Christian sympathy and progress. The universities of America and Great Britain had provided a deputation of some of their ablest men and women under the chairmanship of Professor E. D. Burton, which the foreign mission boards of the United States and Canada were sending out to study missionary edu- cation in China with a view to making it the most effective agency possible in building up the Christian Church and in helping the Chinese people. A group of Chinese students, men and women, who had been educated in the United States and Europe were going back with Christian principles and Christian purpose to serve their nation.

American experts in finance and education and medicine like Mr.

Stevens, the American representative on the Consortium in Peking, Professor Monroe of Columbia University, Dean Holgate of North- western University, Dr. William H. Welch of Johns Hopkins Uni- versity, and many others were also going out with the missionanr spirit. In truth the" Empress of Asia" was one huge expression of the missionary ideal, and standing under the stars that night and looking back to Japan and on to China across the tranquil waters of the Eastern Sea, I thanked God for the progress of the century past and was glad that from his place in the great "cloud of witnesses"

Robert Morrison could look down and see to what the missionary en- terprise for China has grown. • PRESENT CONDITIONS IN JAPAN I shall be speaking of China, however, in the next letter and desire now to try to summarize what we learned regarding present conditions in Japan.

"Some writers, " says Dr. Armstrong of the Methodist Church of Canada in a suggestive review of the year 1920 in Japan, "would regard the year as extremely reactionary, and in a sense it was. The business depression was no doubt a reaction after the wartime pros-

THE SHIFTING "THOUGHTS" OF JAPAN

perity. The government's return to power through the votes of the provinces; the ineffective attempts of the labor movement toward a properly organized labor union; the failure of the woman suffrage agitation, and especially of the movement for universal manhood suffrage; the nervousness on the part of the police officials lest 'dangerous thoughts,' should be read or published, are indicative of a temporary, conservative, reactionary attitude. But, on the other hand, it is scarcely right to call such events reactionary; that they ,;hould become live questions today at all, is almost revolutionary. "

There is no lack of evidence to confute those who think that Japan is nothing but a bureaucratic mechanism unshaken by the thoughts that have thrown all the rest of the world into confusion. The late Dr. D. C. Green constantly strove to point out a generation ago that even then every change and tendency of opinion in other lands was making itself felt in Japan. If he were living today, h(~ could make out his case unanswerably. The term "thoughts" has become one of the most familiar in Japanese current literature, "new thoughts," "foreign thoughts," "dangerous thoughts." Those people at home who still say carelessly that it does not matter what one thinks should come to Japan where a nation is coming to realize that everything depends on what men think, that, as Prof. Kuwaki pointfl out in a volume of lectures on present conditions speaking on the "Problem of Thoughts," "thoughts are not abstractions but involve practical and social consequences of a real nature."

Any review of present day books or periodicals in Japan will show what these new thoughts are. A visitor may get some clue to them by looking over the books in any Japanese book-shop. In a little half-Japanese, half-English, book stall at Kobe on Moto-Machi street, we found a score of English and American periodicals for sale with an extraordinary assortment of. modern fiction and hundreds of miscellaneous books from which I jotted down at random a few of the titles: Radot's "Life of Pasteur," Fenn's "Design and Tradition," Alice Meynell's "Mary the Mother of Jesus," Sidney and Beatrice Webb's" The Break-up of the Poor Law," Harold Cox's" Economic Liberty," Lord Asquith's "Industrial Problems and Disputes," Lansing's "The Peace Negotiations," -"The Mirrors of Downing Street" (a large pile of them), Hamson 's i, Hunger and Grov.rth of the Soil," J evon's "Economics," Giorgis Vassar 's "Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects," translated by Gaston De Vere, in ten volumes, and Karl Marx's" Capital." This is a representative list of the stock carried by this little shop. The Japanese titles we could not of course read, but I looked over many of the books and the magazines. The advertising pictures were crude but far more chaste than ours, and there was absolutely nothing of the salacious and decadent character which defiles the news stands and stalls in Latin America.

New economic thoughts are troubling Japan. Although the labor unions have lost from thirty to fifty per cent of their members as It remIt of the collapse of business and the hard times following the war, class consciousness and class struggle have increased in tendency. The more radical spirit of labor was shown in the general convention of the Yu-ai-kai held in October, 1920, where the majority of the gathering "ridiculed as useless the agitation for universal suffrage and advocated direct action, revolutionary if necessary." At the Yawata Government Steel Works twenty thousand strikers destroyed sixteen smelting furnaces, and in one newspaper strike in Tokyo the strikers destroyed all the fonts of type. Sixty discharged workmen at the Adachi Machine F'actory in Tokyo in January destroyed all the mechanical instruments. Revolutionary labor songs which had become popular have been forbidden by the government. The Japan Chronicle recently printed an English translation of one of these as follows: "The devilish hands of covetous capitalists with insatiable desire snatch from laborers the fruits of their labors, and 10 t capitalism is now deeply entrenched.

"Poor labol'(;)rs t They are persecuted by capitalists with tyranny, which cannot be tolerated by heaven and earth. Their blood runs like a river and their anger will be everlasting.

"Up! laborers. This is the time to carry the fortress of Capitalism and take into your hands the fruits of your own labors.

"Up! laborers, up! Sweep away the incongruous system which has reigned long, and establish the new society of labor autonomy. "

Between the most autocratic economic Bourbonism on one side and the growing forces of socialism, syndicalism, revolution and anarchy on the other side, the men and movements, still very weak, which seek a just and constructive reorganization of an impossible and transitory economic order seem likely to have an even harder time of it in Japan than in the West.

New social thoughts also are abroad. "A new vocabulary of social and industrial terms have appeared," says Mr. Merle Davis, "many of the words being taken bodily from English to express ideas that are not common in Japanese thought, for example, 'efficiency test,' 'survey,' 'clinic,' 'settlement,' 'welfare work,' 'infant mortality,' 'birth-rate,' 'turn-over,' 'industrial democracy,' 'strike,' 'labor union,' 'sabotage.' "

Women have come to a new place in business and in public life. Mrs. Hiraoka, the banker, and Mrs. Yajima, the teacher and reformer, have been followed by a great company. The business offices are full of girl clerks and stenographers. F'or the first time women have beel] admitted as special students into the Tokyo Imperial University and thirty-two have' availed themselves of the privilege. A mass meeting was held in Tokyo on July 18, 1920, to advocate woman suffrage, and several able Japanese women spoke in behalf of their political rights.

1921J THE SHIFTING "THOUGHTS" OF JAPAN

The following day a bill to extend the franchise to women was introduced into the .Japanese Diet. The galleries were filled with capable .Japanese women and the bill was given a respectful hearing although it was rejected. The old family system of .Japan has come under criticism, and no thoughts which ever come to a nation are more difficult and dangerous than those which affcct the foundations of its familv life.

The rigid political thought and organization of .Japan has also lJegun to be troubled by new questionings. The hand of discipline is still stiff enough, as some of those who have lost their father's faith in freedom would make it at home. Last November the government sent Prof. Morito of the Tokyo Imperial University to prison for three months for issuing an article on Kropatkin's "Studies on Socialism." Some soldiers who were coming home from military service were met by friends with a banner inscribed" Congratulation upon Your Release From Prison." Beyond all doubt this was a "dangerous thought, " and the banner bearers were put under arrest. Nevertheless the democratic, anti-militaristic movement has steadily gathered strength. The sensible industrial elements of the nation crowd steadily in upon the militarists, So strong has the democratie movement become that the conservative spirit has been forced to read it into .Japanese political tradition. "Democracy is said to be a very old idea in .Japan practiced by the very earliest emperors. Even the removal of the trees around the Imperial Palace is given a democratic explanation."

Each year new voices are raised with new courage and strength in behalf of liberal institutions at home and a just and generous policy abroad. Two million school children made a contribution to relieve the famine suffering in China, and a Japanese paper, the Oriental Economist, has recently attacked the idea that the .Japanese are justified in a desire for political control over Manchuria and Mongolia because of their necessity to .Japan as sources of food stuff and raw materials. It has sought to prove that Japan is not so dependent and that even if she were it would be more to her advantage to obtain her materials by the simple process of trade than to take them from a hostile people under .Japanese tutelage. In these matters, however, the Japanese press, to say the least, is not better than our own, and on any day that a visitor may be in the country he can read incendiary material enough on both sides of the Disarmament Conference, of the Anglo-.Japanese Alliance and of the questions of relations with the United States and China.

FORCES OF RELIGION Back of all these new thoughts we are interested most of all in the forces of religion. Of the strong and probably strengthened grip of Shintoism there can perhaps be little question. Six years ago T

visited the imperial shrines in Ise around which every influence which could be officially controlled was throwing the glamor and appeal of patriotism and national devotion. I saw also the great tomb of the late emperor which had just been erected in Kioto at the very heart of the national life of Japan and with obvious purpose to bind together its political and religious significance. Now, on this visit I saw the great new Meiji shrine which had just been erected at Tokyo, and toward which the devotion and worship, especially of the youth of Japan, are being directed with the highest skill and authority. Surely it can no longer be maintained, as for some years the government did maintain, that Shinto is not a religion in its present day interpretation. Powerful forces in Japan seem bent on making it as pure an emperor-worship as the religion of Imperial Rome. One recalls the letter which Baron Motoda, the most trusted friend of the late emperor, wrote to Prince Iwakura in 1873 at the very beginning of Japan's modern life. Baron Motoda set forth the same view in a series of lectures delivered to the emperor himself.

"Ever since the opening and development of the visible universe a sole ruler, direct descendant of the unbroken and imperishable lineage of the Heavenly Ancestress, has ruled over the people of Japan. The chief and primary duty of that people has lain in their relation to their lord, and that has included every other conceivable bond. He has bent upon them the tender gaze of a parent, their eyes have been turned up to him as those of children. "

Motoda urged the adoption of a definite program of education to maintain and develop these "immemorial traditions." On the whol!) It is probably true that ever since Motoda's day ami now, the predominant governmental influence in Japan has been and is secularistic and agnostic, but there has always been a strong party, and it is especially vigorous today, which would officially direct both education and Shintoism to the strengthening of the cult of emperor-worship. Dr. Genchi Kato insists upon the divine nature of the emperor and exalts him to the same position as the Jewish Jehovah. He and Mr. Yasuhara charge the low state of national morality to the government's elimination of religious elements from Shinto shrine cere·· monies. But surely the government or some forces which act with itl"i authority, in the most deliberate and powerful way seek to bind tho conscience and devotion of the nation to the religious veneration of the Imperial line in the new Meiji Shrine whose beauty and simplicity is certainly beyond praise.

The identification of a living emperor with Jehovah will, however, be found an impossible task.. One may without the least disrespect say, in the face of such an official announcement as was recently made, that the emperor would have to diminish his active work. "Glucosouria has been observed"; said the official bulletin, "hip gout, nervous trouble, along with difficulty in speech. His condition

THE SHIFTING "THOUGHTS" OF JAPAN

has improved but his utterance is not clear. Except in urgent cases, he will refrain from formal duties, such as audiences with foreign diulomats and official ceremonies."

. It will be interesting to watch the effect upon Buddhism of this tremendous development of Shintoism for political-religious purposes. It is probably true, as many claim, that Buddhism retains but slight influence among the educated and intelligent classes. Its activities among the people, however, are greater than ever, and nowhere in the world is a greater tribute paid to Christianity and the methods of its propagation than by the unhesitating imitation of them on the part of Japanese Buddhism. Its claims to the develop· ment of a great network of Sunday schools has been subjected to a pretty ruthless criticism by Dr. Reischauer, and the total amount of philanthropic and social service work claimed by the Buddhists themselves, in a booklet which they distributed among the foreign delegates to the World's Sunday School Convention in Tokyo, cannot (Jompare with the activities of anyone of a dozen of our home denominations, though the pamphlet appears to cover the work of fortysi'C million Buddhists.

How can either Shintoism or Buddhism really meet the needs of inqniring human spirits1 What do their own symbols confess1 All over the world the three monkeys of Nikko, one with his hands over his eyes, a second with his hands over his mouth, a third with his hands over his· ears, are supposed to embody the moral warning of Buddhism, to see and speak and hear nothing that we ought not. What they really symbolize is the doctrine of Buddhism that in this evil and transitory world there is nothing worth man's while to hear or say or see. What is it to which the worshipper comes in a Shinto Shrine when he has passed up the long and beautiful passage way between the crytomeria trees, past the stone faxes, under the many torii, and stands at last where the answer to his long quest is to be found ~ Nothing but a mirror meets and mocks him there. Shintoism turns the seeker back upon himself, and shows him nothing but his own longing. It is not strange that both in Buddhism and in Shintoism sect after sect has arisen seeking some new way, and it is not tJurprising that in Japan today just as everywhere else in the world the human spirit, foiled in its search, turns aside into oblique ways. rrenrikyo and Konkoyo and now Omotokyo are all evidences that the heart of Japan is still abroad on the great search. All three of these religions were started by ignorant women, and the latest, which has made a deep stir in Japan, is a queer mixture of mysticism, com· munism, faith healing, and other of the familiar twists and turnings of the human spirit untutored of the Truth.

How can the Christian churches of the West do more to help the Christian churches of Japan to do their work in the midst of all these new thoughts and groping movements in present day Japan7 Since

Baron Motoda wrote to Prince Iwakura, the Christian churches have grown from one to twelve hundred and the membership from a mere handful to one hundred and thirty thousand on the rolls of the Prot- estant churches alone. These churches have already supplied Japan with scores and hundreds of its ablest and most useful men. Uemura, Ebina, Kozaki, Hiraiwa, Hibiki, Morimura, Ebara, Yamamuro, Ibuka, Imai, Miyagawa, and scores of others are Christian names, the peen; of any in any land. I should like to speak at length of many of these and others like Justice Watanabe of the Supreme Court of Korea, Judge Mitsui, who deals with juvenile delinquents in Tokyo, Taro Ando and Sho Ncmoto, the reformers, and Mr.. Tagawa, vice mayor of Tokyo, who spoke the truth though it meant imprisonment.

It. is an inspiration to see the strength and courage and compe- tence of these churches in Japan, to behold their order, their friendly federations, and their sympathetic cooperation with the foreign mis- sionaries. The present is the day of all days for the churches at home to support these churches and missions in Japan by enabling them to put forth the maximum of direct evangelistic effort and to use to the limit every opportunity of press and Rchoo1.

The new Woman's Union College in Tokyo should be given in America and in Japan all it needs. The more liberal attitnde of the government towards Christian schools shonld be unstintedly utilized. The signs of a freer day are found on every side. At Shimonoseki, where for many years the girls' school had been accustomed to annual threats of violence, this year honor has descended upon it at the hands both of governor and of mayor. The governor caused a celebration in memory of the thirtieth anniversary of the introduction of the Im- perial Rescript on Education, and with due ceremony presented to all those who had taught in Yamaguchi over thirty years a beautiful page of language and a splendid box made of the original Yamaguchi lacquer. Miss Bigelow came second in the list of five. At Commence- ment time the mayor used Miss Bigelow, her" great age" and marvel- ous energy, as a theme for an address in one of the public schools, holding her up as an example for the yonth of this district to follow. In Fukui at a recent exhibit at the Girl's High School there were found among the pictures made by the girls an unusual number of Christian subjects-copies of Madonnas, the Nativity, the Crucifix- ion, the Resurrection, the Infant Samuel; pictures not only of West- minster Abbey and Rheims Cathedral, but also one of a humble coun- . try church with the caption" Religion is the Basis of Civilization." The place of honor in this same room was given to three large pic- tures of the world's great religious leaders, the Lord Jesus Christ occupying' the central, most conspicuous position. Shall Christ have this place, not in the Fukui High School exhibit only but shall He be supreme in all the life of Japan7

MAIN ENTRANCE TO PEKING UNION MEDICAL

Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., stands outside the gate. The occasion of his visit was the opening of this $10,000,000 Institution.

The Peking Union Medical College BY PROF. B. E.READ,PEKING, CHINA Associate Professor of Physiological Chemistry and Pharmacology in Peking Union Medical College and Member of the London Missionary Society D R. WILLIAM LOCKHART, pioneer medical missionary of the London Missionary Society, came to China in 1859. Owing to the obstacles placed in his way in Canton he removed his work to Macao.• In 1861 he went to Peking and there opened up the first dispensary for the practice of western medicine. During the following fifty years, with very little interruption, this dispensary treated about one and a half million patients. The eventual outcome is the Peking Union Medical College and in memory of the pioneer the pre-medical college building is called the "Lockhart Hall."

So great is the distress in the Far East due to ill health and infectious diseases that in pity and benevolence men have turned their minds towards ways of relieving this distress. Up to 1900 this was done by individual societies. Then the destruction of buildings during the Boxer outbreak provided an opportunity for closer cooperation and united effort. The pioneer of union movements was established by the missions in Peking, and one of the objects was to give medical education to any person applying with a good preparatory education and sound moral character. Men and money were scarce, and the movement went forward supported by the faith and labor 925

of such men as Dr. Thomas Cochrane, a graduate of Glasgow University and a member of the London Missionary Society, who was at the head of the institution. He succeeded in uniting the efforts of six bodies, viz., American Presbyterian Mission, American Board Mission, Methodist Episcopal Mission, Anglican Mission, London Missionary Medical Association, and London Mission, each of these missions contributing the services of one or more doctors to the work.

The Union Medical College was opened on February 12, 1906, with an entering class of thirty-nine students selected from over two hundred applicants. Bishop Scott, of the Anglican Mission, gave an addr ess in which he pointed out that the school was pioneer in "Union" and in "Medicine. " The school was "built with money LIBRARY AND DIRECTOR'S OFFICES OF THE MEDICAL COLLEGE BUILDINGS The roof and decora.tions are designed after most characteristic and exquisite in Chinese archi- te ut11re awl a rt.

subscribed from various sources including the Empress Dowager of China who sent a special commissioner to the opening ceremony. The upkeep of the work depended on students' fees, London Mission subscriptions and Government grants. 1Vhen the school was reorganized no government grant was being given and it is now entirely supported by the China Medical Board of the Rockefeller Foundation. Mr. Oliver Jones, of Liverpool, gave money to put up the Oliver OtTones dormitory to accommodate the rapidly growing number of students.

T eaching medicine in Chinese was exceptionally difficult through the lack of native medical literature. A complete lexicon of Chinese medical nomenclature has been prepared by Doctor Cousland and others, and has brought about great progress in such literature.

'fHE PEKING UNION :lIEDICAL COLLEGE

Efforts were made also to found a Pathological Museum and a Materia Medica collection.

Early days saw the out-patient department flooded with people suffering from every kind of sickness. Later, under the principalship of Dr. E. J. Stuckey, the out-patient department was organized and patients were divided according to their requirements and attended to by doctors assigned to each branch of the service. Over 50,000 per annum passed through the doctor's hands. After feast days there was a great run on castor oil and rhubarb mixture, and after the _ revolution when many southerners came north, there was much malaria each summer. Most numerous of all were minor surgical cases. Opium suicides were plentiful and other cases of interest were THE AUDITORIUM OF THE MEDICAL COLLEGE to be seen every and any day. Naturally many needed attention as ill-patients, and appeals were made with success to extend and improve the hospital rooms and equipment.

Fifty years after Dr. William Lockhart first came to Peking, the Peking Union Medical College graduated its first class of students. Sixteen' of the original thirty-nine to enter obtained their diplomas, and with one exception all took up work in mission hospitals. Though the salaries were low the experience and opportunity for service was unparalleled. This graduating year had given the men a taste of organized public service. When a very severe outbreak of pneumonic plague occurred at Harbin and throughout the north in October 1910, the senior students all voluntarily took part in stamping out this epidemic, and two of them succl1.:t1bed to it while at their post of duty.

There has always been considerable difficulty in teaching modern medicine in China on account of the prejudice against post-mortem examination.; anatomy being taught by sets of bones and mannikins. It was considered a very great step in advance when in 1914 permission was secured from the Government to conduct post mortems and a certain amount of material was made available from Government prisons.

The support and administration of the hospital was always a heavy burden on the London Missionary Society, and with the hope of greater efficiency in men and methods, a wider medical Union was brought up for discussion. The American Presbyterian and the American Board Missions joined in this program and a good contribution to the hospital work was made in men and equipment.

At about this time a Commission sent out by the Rockefeller Foundation to investigate the medical need and opportunities in China came to visit the hospital. This visit led to the formation of the China Medical Board which subsequently took over the Peking Union Medical College.

A new Board of Trustees, consisting of seven representatives appointed by the Rockefeller Foundation and six representatives from the participating Mission Boards laid it down as an essential in the new school that a "missionary atmosphere" be maintained in the work, thus recognizing the noble work of the past while seeking to cooperate with the existing religious and benevolent medical work conducted in China.

Since the school was taken over by the new Board of Trustees a sum approximating $10,000,000 has been expended in land and buildings, and the annual budget amounts to nearly $1,000,000. About 150 people, members of the staff and some 300 helpers, are serving the institution. The dedication ceremony of this great plant, September 15 to 22, was attended by hundreds of distinguished visitors from all over the world, and there has now formally been launched a unique union effort which will affect the whole of the Far East. The College is one of the best in the world. The buildings are beautiful with shining green tiles and artistic Chinese ornamentation. Doctor Cochrane, who was present at the opening ceremonies, described how in 1901 he stood looking sadly at a pile of broken bricks, the only material remains of the old work carried on by Doctor Lockhart and his successors, but said he: "I then dreamed a dream which has now come true and today I find myself constantly repeating the words of 'The Old Book' 'and David said that the house that is to be builded for the Lord must be exceeding magnifical of fame and of glory throughout all countries …… a palace for the Lord God.' "

WANTED GIRLS OF INDIA-WHO SHALL HAVE THEM?

The Wanted Children of India BY AMY WILSON CARMICHAEL, TINNEVELLY, SOUTH INDIA -I Author of "Things as they Are-In India, " Etc. N one of the Native States of India there lived some years ago a certain well-known man who was the king's standard-bearer. His home was a simple place but happy, for the mother was a gentle-hearted woman and the little sons were kindly nurtured.

But trouble fell in storms. 'l'he father died, the mother died, the elder brother influenced by evil men turned his young brother out, so that all the property might be his, and the child, a very small lad, went forth weeping.

929

He was a loving boy, for his mother had been all a mother should be to him, and he missed her sorely. The father whom he always saw with his mind's eye carrying the flag in great processions, had been the pride of his heart. The brother's action had been a shock, for he had never thought he would act so, and could hardly believe he had. Sore wounded and grieving, he sought a shelter and found one in a wicked house where such boys as he, good to look upon, well born and well trained, are valued. But soon after his arrival he fell from an upper window on to a stone-paved courtyard and was tossed aside as hurt beyond repair. For days he lay moaning in pain, and only slowly recovered. "From that time forth always there was pain in me," he said as he told the pitiful little tale, not pitifully, but in an even, weak, tired voice. He was too tired then to care for anything.

Weeks passed. He finally recovered from his hurt (except for that inward pain of which no one knew, as he told no one, covering it and all his other griefs with the brave reserve of a lonely child). The people who possessed him had planned to use him in one of the three ways such little lads are used in South India-temple service, the drama, or adoption by Mohammedans. The first two are interrelated, the third is as fatal to all righteousness. But in that moment of peril a strong hand was put forth, and he was saved from anyone of these fates.

When after long journeying he was brought to us, we saw a sorrowful face, thin and worn, and lit with great wistful eyes, unboyish in their gravity. He did not care to play, and liked better to lie down and look listlessly on the life about him. "I am tired. I do not care for games," he would say if invited to join. This continued for many days.

At last the boy in him woke up, and then the soul of the boy. He played games, tackled a new language, for his tongue was different, asked strange questions: Who is God ~ In what does He differ from the gods of Hinduism? How could he be sure that what missionaries told is true? Is the Book true all through or only in certain parts? (Joyfully we told him, it is true all through.) Those who had to do with him will never forget the sudden incoming of understanding. The Lord his Saviour became real to him, known, precious. The boy's whole nature changed, his outlook, manner, the plane of his existence became new, swept by the Wind of the Spirit. We marveled, and still marvel, as we see the eager little lad translating laboriously, but with the ardent energy of boyhood from his vernacular into ours his New Testament and the hymns he loves, or as he tries to pour upon us the wonder of his heart that this Christ of whom he has so lately heard is his King-his royal King-and he, His chosen flag-bearer.

THE W ANT:Bm CHILDREN OF INDIA

He has recovered from his hurt to body and to soul. He is keen in games arid in all the joys of life, learns eagerly, and has, we trust, a fine future before him. He is one of a group of such little lads for whom we earnestly ask the prayers of all who have hearts to care about spoiled boy life, and love to spare for these greatly "Wanted boys of India."

For the very cause of our existence here is that the children are wanted. The little girls are wanted, we· have rarely been first in our search for them. In our part of the country as a rule the children desired by temples and dramatic companies must be what is known as "Caste," but those not so distinguished if good to look upon are also sought, and every child saved from such a living death has behind him or her a battle visible and invisible. If any doubt the awful might of the "powers of the air" let him come to India and try to save children appointed to death.

A few weeks ago we were in the midst of a Hindu festival. 'fhe great car, drawn by hundreds of panting perspiring men, as an act of merit, slowly passed the place where we stood. Looking up to its shrine we saw five little boys, temple boys, ministering in various ways to the god within. Usually little girls in silks and jewels and much garlanded stand with the women of the temple as the car passes slowly round the town. But on that day there were only boys.

We looked up at them, they were so near that we could have spoken to them, but leagues of spiritual distance lay between. How can these leagues be bridged1 Only by prayer, by love-urged ardent prayer, and by that which love alone can offer, sacrifice. Will that love, will that sacrifice be found in those t6 which this appeal goes ~ "Blessed are they who would hold the crown on His head and buy Christ's honor with their own losses." Yes, blessed are they.

This paper is no mere contribution to a missionary magazine, it is a cry for reinforcements, new help, real help in prayer. The foes of these special children are not such tangible ills as poverty and neglect, but infinitely more strong and subtle, and cruel beyond power to describe. They must be conquered on onr knees.

·The Great Essential in

DWIGHT GODDARD, LANCASTER, MASS. Formerly a Missionary in China; Now Editor of Good News NEARLY every great missionary organization is facing a very serious monetary crisis. Some must seriously consider a re- duction of forces, the curtailment of work, or·the abandonment of particular fields or stations.

This brings to the front the question as to what is the great essential in missionary service. We think of the Great Oommission of Christ when He told His Disciples to "go into all the world and topreach the gospel to all," to teach, to make disciples, to heal the sick. We recall Jesus' answer to the inquiry of John the Baptistthe sick are healed, lepers are cleansed, the dead are raised, the poor have the Good News preached to them. Jesus himself went about doing good, healing the sick, talking to men and women by the wayside, teaching by parable and precept, and sending out disciples by twos and twos.

From the teaching and example of Christ are we not warranted in sayiug that the New Testament type of Christian work is the planting of living seed by word and life, rather than the el;ltablishment of highly organized institutions. It was personal testimony addressed to individuals or groups who were told to scatter, not aimlessly but free to move as the Spirit of God lead them. They were not to make elaborate preparation and provision for all possible emergencies, or needs, but were to go out in serene faith in God's providential care. Many were even to be self-supporting and to do their missivnary work between times.

The healing ministry was a prominent part of their work by the roadside. They were to proclaim the Good News of God's love and of a spiritual life, where all men's greatest needs would be satisfied. They were to witness from their personal experience as to the reality and the satisfaction and power of this life. They were to tell the story of Jesus' life and teachings, of His death and resurrection, and they were to illustrate it by their own changed lives of love and peace and power.

The new disciples were to unite into groups, fellowships and brotherhoods, that would be self-supporting, socially helpful, mutually inspiring and self-extending. They were to teach, not some highly intellectual system of doctrine, but what Jesus had told them of God, of His Law of Love, and of the way to an eternal life of spirit. Especially they were to teach by example; by so living a life of kindness, simplicity and faith, that the radiant energy of divine life and love in them, might vitalize those with whom they came into contact.

932 The New Testament type of missions was in short individuals going to individuals in a spirit of love, to win them to Jesus the Christ, and to unite these into groups who would practice the law of love in fellowship and cooperative good will. Such missionary serv- ice was possible through the gift of the Holy Spirit, who evidenced Himself in a new illumination of trust, a richer experience of life and a deeper faith. This is the higher and eternal life of spirit that is "hid with Christ in God."

This mission carried out most directly the two great directions of Jesus; Love God and your fellowmen, and Go into all the world to make disciples of all men through the Gospel of Christ.

Do modern missionaries correspond with this New Testament type 7 1. Is the missionary call today a call to the simple preaching of the Gospel or is it to· go out and organize work by spreading denominations7 Is the faith of workers anchored in the love and power of God and in His ability to provide the means, or is our faith today mainly in the solvency of the denominations 7 2. In the attempts to reach all nations, are Christ's workers scattering into unoccupied fields or is there concentration and overlapping in certain lands and in large cities1 3. Do missionaries go as a rule today depending on God for support, or do they require a comfortable assurance of adequate support by an organized group at home? Apostolic missionaries must have been united by a sense of common need to those among whom they settled. There was no atmosphere of professionalism to divide the missionary from his hearers.

4. Do modern missionaries depend too little on God's healing power and too much on the efficacy of medicine and surgery and highly specialized hospitals? Medical missionaries have carried on a wonderful healing ministry but many have become too professional and institutionalized through large hospitals.

5. Do modern missionaries adequately emphasize the necessity for spiritual life or do they too often lay too much stress on the value of the intellectual and ethical elements of religion 7 So much attention is given to combating the error in various ethnic faiths that too little sympathy is given to the imperfect searchings after God which are found in the non-Christian religions.

6. Do modern missionaries lay enough stress on leading men to become" Children of God" in contrast to making them, in an intellectual sense, good Methodists, good Congregationalists, good Episcopalians1 7. Has not the idea of Christian fellowship often been subordinated to the modern idea of a church organized for service? The modern church would have a stronger spirit of brotherhood if mutual

benefits, old-age pensions and similar ministries had not been turned over to outside organizations and if more sympathy were shown to industrial, commercial and social expressions of brotherhood. Has not the capitalistic system become too dominant a part of the organized Church 1 8. Modern missionaries are in danger in specializing on so-called higher education to such an extent that pastoral training, Bible teaching, and simple primary education are neglected. Does the time and money so lavishly expended in college and university training yield results from a Christian viewpoint proportionate to that coming from pastoral training and evangelism ~ 9. The New Testament reveals the method of teaching by personal witness and example. In many stations modern missionaries are surrounded by so many comforts that they are isolated from the people whom they go to help. Residences, which at home would be considered ordinary, seem palatial in the midst of pagan poverty. Would not the missionary message and example be more effective if the messengers' manner of life were more consistent, with a community of fellowship and spirit, and if a common need promoted sympathy and humility1 God is Love! .And His love expressed itself in sending His own Son to be born of a virgin in a home of poverty to be "like unto His brethren." For love our Lord Jesus endured the cross, despising the shame. "He humbled Himself."

Human nature, be it Christian or pagan, rich or poor, high or low, reacts to love most surely when it finds expression on a common level. Love is unifying and harmonizing. .Any great difference in economic, political or cultural standing is just so much more to be overcome, before love can do its perfect work. Jesus knew what He was doing when He sent out His disciples two by two, without extra resources and told them to live with the people to whom they went, with love's message, and love's benediction.

In conclusion, is it not time for followers of Christ to consider whether modern missions are too largely organized and institutionalized; whether too much stress is not laid on higher education, social ethics, and denominational standards~ Great institutions, fine equipments, federations, surveys and emphasis on efficiency have their value, but require immense financial resources and often tend to separate rather than unite. The elaborate higher educational institutions do not provide their quota of ministers of the Gospel, but rather fill the ranks of a highly organized secular society. Simple training, coupled with the power of the Holy Spirit, are the sources from which the ministry is recruited. The simple village church in non-Christian lands, as at home, is the most prolific source of Christian leaders, rather than the institutions of the cities.

THE GREAT ESSENTIAL IN MISSIONS

The question therefore arises, would it not be more effective for a Mission Board to spend $20,000 a year for native evangelists than to spend the same amount to run a university? Higher education, hospitals, agricultural schools, industrial training and social bureaus should be furnished by governments and supported by general taxation rather than by missionary societies through benevolent contributions. If society or individuals in society are indifferent to this need and responsibility missionary organizations, founded to evangelize the world, cannot undertake to supply the lack. When men and women are "born again" into newness of life they will awaken to the need of better social conditions and will themselves put forth efforts to supply the need.'

There are Mission Boards and Societies that have adopted this principle and that are conserving their income so that it may go as far as possible in evangelistic lines. The result is that the cost per capita of missionaries and converts in these societies is astonishingly low. Some of these societies, like the China Inland Mission, are accomplishing marvelous work along spiritual lines.

History proves the advantage of the apostolic methods by the phenomenal growth of the early church under the greatest of difficulties. Consider the success of the early missions in non-Christian lands. Consider the work of many of the so-called "faith" missions today. Consider the work of some non-Christian cults like the Mormons and Moslems that do not include in their program schemes for general education, and do not guarantee "adequate support" for their missionaries.

Most of our denominational Mission Boards are in financial straits and face the necessity for retrenchment. It would be wise for them to consider a return to the New Testament type of Christian propaganda by omitting the expensive forms of work that do not contribute directly to the religious objective in their missions. Expenses of the executive offices at home might be reduced if the work were simplified, and if less time and money were spent on expensive surveys, commissions, conferences, departments and elaborate literature. Instead of withdrawing from needy fields, a reduction of expenses may be made by spending less on "overhead" and on elaborate institutions. It is also much more costly to support workers in large centers on the mission fields, where many societies are located, than it is to conduct less pretentious stations by scattered missionaries. Money can be used more advantageously also by building less expensive houses, churches, hospitals, and schools. There can be no justification in offering to missionaries salaries that compare favorably with those of doctors and teachers at home, or with those of foreigners in secular positions abroad. The se1£- sacrificing spirituality that we encourage in the native ministry must

be inspired by the self-abnegation, sympathy, and earnest service of the missio'naries on the field and the secretaries in the Home Office.

A missionary can only serve the cause of Christ as he becomes an open channel for the power and creative love of God to reach some fellow man. Missionaries are but points of contact for the Divine Love to reach needy, seeking souls. Insulation by social circumstances or physical comforts or lack of sympathy is as fatal as the insulation of physical distance and other barriers. These defeat the usefulness of missionaries and hinder the true work of the Holy Spirit. A family living humbly and witnessing in a loving way to the heathen around them will, with the blessing of God's Spirit, be more truly successful in mission work than an expensive university or hospital for which the highly trained specialists are required. Eternal life can only come to a soul by the power of the Holy Spirit. 'When He dwells in man other things needful will be supplied.

The point to be noted is this: the outstanding characteristic of modern missions is their emphasis on organization, education and institutionalism, all of which are expensive and are not essential to missionary work as inaugurated by Jesus and as proven by long and varied experience to be wise and efficient. Let us remember that love is the essence of Christianity, love for God through Jesus Christ our Lord and true love for one another. Any policy which uplifts Christ and radiates the most loving good will is certain to be most efficient and least wasteful, because it draws on God's infinite resources of goodness, wisdom and power.

ADVICE TO MEMBERS OF MISSIONARY SOCIETIES How to Kill How to Keep Alive 1. Stay away from meetings. 1. Attend all meetings. 2. When you come arrive late. 2. Be on time if possible. 3. Whisper during the meeting. 3. Be attentive and respectful. 4. Find fanlt with the work of officers 4. Encourage officers and committees- and committeeR. show your appreciation. 5. Decline to serve in any capacity. 5. Accept office or place on a committee 6. If put on a committee, don't attend where yon can render a service. meetings. 6. Set a good example by your faithful 7. If asked your opinion, keep quiet, performance of any duty. but later tell others what should 7. Wisely join in deHberations and have been done. B. When others work hard to help, ob· show interest in others' suggestions. ject because the clique is running B. Have confidence in your fellow things. 9. Delay paying dnes as long as yon workers-freely give-freely take- can and delay answering letters. help. 10. Don 't bothe~ about getting new 9. Promptly and gladly pay dues. members-" Let George do it." Answer communications promptly and courteously. 10. Strengthen the organization by en· couraging llew members to join.

A BUSY STREI];T [N CARACAS

Venezuela-A Neglected Neighbor BY REV, WEBSTER E, BROWNING, PH.D, Educational Sccret:1rY of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America V ENEZUELA now ranks third in size and population among the countries and islands of the Caribbean-Gulf of Mexico area. Its population is estimated at around 3,000,000 and its area, 394,000 square miles, is exceeded only by that of Colombia and Mexico. This area is about equal to the combined areas of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois.

It is one of the most sparsely settled countries of Latin America, although its natural resources might sustain a very dense population in comparative comfort. The surface is divided into three district zones, the hot lands lying along the sea, the cooler zone immediately inland, and the more elevated forest regions of the interior which in turn give way to the immense llanos, or plains, which extend to the frontiers of the Guianas on the east, Brazil on the south, and Colombia on the west. The agricultural zone, near the coast, is rich in the production of coffee, cacao, sugar cane, cotton and corn, while the more elevated sections of the interior provide grazing grounds for great herds of cattle, horses, sheep and goats and the forests COll- 937

tribute India rubber, vanilla, tonga beans and many fine woods, especially mahogany.

The history of Venezuela has been stormy and, although a republic in name, since the year 1859, it has been almost continuously under the iron rule of dictators whose main ambition was their own exaltation and enrichment, and who cared little for the uplift and progress of the people. Many sinister names, such as that of Cibriano Castro, appear on the pages of its history, and even today there is but little personal liberty, the public press is muzzled, and Venezuela blindly obeys the behest of a single individual.

Since 1908 the present incumbent of the presidency has been supreme, and, although more benevolent in his rule than was Doctor Manuel Estrade Cabrera, of Guatemala, he "is none the less a dictator. No paper can be published for any length of time that does not laud him periodically with fulsome praise, and whatever may be said against him is said with bated breath and in continual fear of prison walls or an order to embark within a given time for foreign shores. And yet, it may be questioned if this semi-military dictatorship is not at present the best rule for the country. Unaccustomed to enlightened self-government, it is probable that an attempt to elect a President by popular vote would result in a civil war from which someone else would quickly emerge as military dictator and the last estate of the country would probably be worse than the present. There is need of much work in the enlightenment of the people before popular government may be expected to prove a success in Venezuela.

THE CHURCH AND THE STATE With the Spanish explorers and conquerors came the representatives of the Church of Rome, and right well did they do their part in the subjugation of the Indian tribes and in abetting the endeavors of the King of Spain to maintain his bloody rule in those hard-won lands. The Church was practically supreme in Venezuela, the court of last appeal, in all matters of state, until the coming into power of General Guzman Blanco. In 1873 this dictator expelled the Jesuits, the monks and nuns who had established themselves in the country, and confiscated their property. One of the vacated church buildings, a magnificent edifice now again occupied by the Catholics, was offered to the Protestants of the city but there was then no organization to accept the offer, which was afterward withdrawn. All parish schools were ordered abolished, civil marriage was instituted, the cemeteries were opened to the dead of all faiths or creeds, and priests were deprived of their power as well as of their fees.

In 1876 the papal nuncio and the archbishop were expelled, because the latter had refused to order a Te Deum sung in the cathedral in honor of some victory of one of the dictators. It was on this occa-

A GENEItAL VIEW OF CAItACAS, VENEZUELA–THE CATHEDItAL IS IN THE

sion that Guzman Blanco sent his famous message to the Congress, in which he declared the Church of Venezuela independent of the Roman ]1jpiscopate. This message not only produced the local effect he desired but also awakened the minds of public men in other South American lands to the possibility of freeing the State from the incubus of a medieval ecclesiasticism which was always at war with their ambitions for liberty and sought only its own aggrandizement.

The Congress immediately sent the following reply to the dictator, which represents the mode of procedure under such conditions: "Faithful to our duties, faithful to our convictions, and faithful to the holy dogmas of the religion of Jesus Christ,-of that Great Being who conserved the world's freedom with His blood,-we do not hesitate to emancipate the Church of Venezuela from the Episcopacy which pretends, as an infallible and omnipotent power, to absorb from Rome the vitality of a free people, the – beliefs of our conscience, and the noble aspirations and destinies which pertain to us as component parts of the great human family_ "

Although shorn of its political power by Guzman Blanco, the Roman Catholic Church has at length succeeded in winning back many of its former prerogatives. It is, however, a decadent institution, with no life in itself and hence unable to quicken its adherents. One of the thinking men whom I met, Raid, "The Church has no power in Venezuela, political, moral or spiritual. It is degenerate and we have no use for it and no confidencE' in it. vVe have no religion."

At the same time, as the State Church, it continues to receive a subsidy from the government in order that it may be kept under the government. The people still are held in ignorance of the Bible and its teachings. No other Latin American country is so palpably nonreligious, yet the Virgin is exalted in an unusual degree and takes precedence over Jesus Christ in the images and paintings of the churches. Such teaching has had its baneful effect on the people, so that Venezuela, to an unusual degree, may be said to be a godless nation, whose thinking men and women reject the only form of Christianity they have ever known and who have no one to lead them into the better way.

It was in the midst of a society that was thoroughly inimical to the Church of Rome, yet by force of tradition and teaching unfriendly to and exceedingly suspicious of Protestantism, that the foundations of evangelical work were laid in Venezuela. The American Bible Society seems to have been the first to reach the field, some time in the early eighties. Bishop Patterson, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, was sent to open a mission, but soon died of the yellow fever, in Caracas. At about the same time the Christian Brethren, of England, entered the field.

-The first organized Mission Board to send its representatives to Venezuela was that of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., which, in 1897, transferred the Rev. Theodore S. Pond and Mrs. Pond from

VENEZUI,A-A NEGI,ECTED NEIGHBOR

the Colombian Mission to Caracas. They have laid foundations deep and broad on which it should be possible to build a strong Evangelical Church in Venezuela.

For fifteen years they labored alone, but the Board at last heard their repeated calls for help, and now two other missionary families and an unmarried young lady are beginning to share with them the responsibilities and the joy of the work.

Other Christian organizations have also entered the field until eleven such groups are now represented, but the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions is the· only great Mission Board at work in Venezuela. Until i913 its work was limited to the capital city of Caracas. Urgent calls have come from other centers and the entire republic is open to and ripe for evangelization but the small mission force has not been able to reach out beyond the outskirts of Caracas, and in this city itself but a fraction of the population has been reached. A beginning has now been made in the acquisition of property which, in the estimation of the public gives the work a character of permanency which it formerly lacked, and greatly increases the efficiency of the workers. The new church property is sufficiently commodious to serve as a center for the evangelistic work of the city for some years to come, inasmuch as the Church should be sending out groups who will organize into other congregations in distant sections. A new chapel has recently been bought in the eastern section of the city, which is both thickly populated and very needy.

Services are held in the Central Church and in the Candelaria property several times a week and also in a number of the houses of members who live in different parts of the city. In the church there is a Sunday school of 75 to 100 members, and an attendance at the night service of about the same number. In Candelaria there are about 25 in the Sunday school and the same number in the preaching services. There is one ordained national worker and another is to be ordained very soon. There are also five other students for the ministry, all of them consecrated earnest young men, who will be a great addition to the force when they have completed their studies. Two schools are nominally under the control of the Mission. One is the" Cole/Jio A m'erican 0.') which occupies a rented building near the church, and which is primarily, a school for girls. Boys to the age of thirteen are also admitted, but the total enrolment does not exceed forty. The other school, which has about 30 pupils, is carried on in the new Candelaria property and is free to the children of the congregation.

The eleven religious bodies working in Venezuela represent various kinds of theology. or none at all, and their combined influence on Venezuelan life and character has not been great.

1. The Presbyterians, with seven foreign workers, one ordained national worker, six students in preparation for ordination, one Bible woman, and

.three national teachers in two schools. The work is confined to the city of Caracas. In the central" Church of the Redeemer" there are one elder and two deacons, and the total number of co.mmunicant members would not exceed one hundred.

2. The Scandinavian Alliance (with headquarters in Chicago) carries on mission work in Maracaibo and the interior. I was told that they have ten or twelve foreign workers and a number of nationals. They publish the only ~vangelical paper in Venezuela,-" Th e Morning Star," now in its thirteenth year and evidently a useful periodical.

3. "The Christian Brethren" (British), formerly known as Plymouth Brethren, have a hall in Caracas in which they are doing considerable work. The missionary is the local representative of the British and Foreign Bible Society, and has a number of colporteurs working in the city and country.

4. "The Christian Brethren" (Canadian) work centers around Puerto Cabello, with preaching in some of the near-by villages.

5. The Pentecostals, or "Gift of Tongues" people, have work in Caracas and t-he island of Santa Margarita. In Caracas there are one married couple and two unmarried women teachers. They also have some work in La Guagsa. The head of this movement is the agent of the American Bible Society in Venezuela. They have acquired property only a block from our mission house, and two blocks from our church. 6. "The Seventh Day Adventists" hold services in Caracas and in Los Teques, about 25 miles out. A new man, imported from Porto Rico, has begun to proselytize from other evangelical missions with unusual zeal and has caused considerable trouble through divisions in families. 7. An independent missionary has recently. opened a little work at Vic- toria and reaches into the German colony, Colonia Tovar. Some believe his work to be an offshoot of the" Evangelical Alliance."

8. A Church of England worker has recently gone, to San Cristobal, near the Colombian line, and opened work. His wife is a trained nurse and they seem to be planning to open a dispensary. This worker is reported to be under the South American Missionary Society_ 9. There is an Anglican Church in Caracas, with a white Jamaican as res- ident chaplain. The church was established as early as 1834. There is a considerable British colony in the city, but very few attend the church, which is patronized mostly by Negroes from Jamaica and Trinidad. There is also an Anglican chapel in Ciudad Bolivar, on the Orinoco, but there is rarely a chaplain in residence. .

10. The British and Foreign Bible Society has been in Venezuela for a number of years and has done a very useful work in the distribution of Bibles. The Rev. W. H. Rainey, a Methodist Episcopal minister, is the General Agent for Colombia and Venezuela and, in addition to the local manager in Caracas, there are some five colporteurs who work in and about the city. 11. The American Bible Society was the first religious organization to enter Venezuela, but is doing very little. This branch is under the direction of a General Agent, who lives in Porto Rico.

EDUCATION BY THE STATE Before reaching Venezuela I was told that this country enjoyed, with one or two of the Central American republics, the doubtful distinction of having never erected a building of any kind for educational purposes, save one, the Military Academy. After considerable study of the situation in Caracas, the capital and center of the intel-

VENEZULA -A NEGLECTED NEIGHBOR

lectuality of the country, and diligent inquiry among disinterested persons, I am compelled to admit that the statement appears to be true. Many convents and monasteries of the Church were taken over by the government many years ago and converted into schools and other public buildings-such as the National Capitol-and private houses have been bought or rented, and in some cases, remodeled in order that they might serve as schoolhouses; but I could find no trace of a school building of any kind-with the single exception noted above-which had been erected distinctly for the purpose of education.

Of all the countries of Latin America I found it most difficult to get statistics on education in Venezuela. Foreigners who understand the situation declare that at least 85 per cent of the entire population must be classed as illiterate, and this without taking into account many of the Indian tribes of the great interior who do not figure as citizens of the republic. Of the remaining 15 per cent, probably twothirds have only an elementary or grammar school education, and the really literate or intellectual class would not exceed one or two per cent of the whole. The annual budget of the republic for all branches of education in 1919, so far as can be determined from the Heport of the Ministry, was less than $2,000,000 American gold, or about half what one of the great American universities spends in a single year.

It is interesting to note that the Ministry of War and Marine spent in the same year in keeping up the services under its control, just over $6,000,000, or treble that which was spent on the entire educational system of the country.

No statistics of the attendance in the various schools of the republic could be secured, but it has been stated that there is but one pupil, in any kind of school, to every 101 inhabitants of the republic. In the United States there is one to abont every four. Such a condition of affairs certainly makes more clear the urgent need of doing school work as a part of the program of evangelical missions.

The need of such work, on the part of the evaugelical missions, was admirably expressed a quarter of a century ago by William Elroy Curtis, who visited the country and wrote of his impressions in a book which has had a wide reading.

"The public meri of the country are ready to encourage and sustaiJ, Protestantism, not from any religious convictions of their own, but because they see the retarding influence of the Catholic Church in the development of the country. The prit'sts from the beginning have stood in the way of progress, have opposed modern innovations, and have been particularly antagonistic to the pducational system. The tendency of the schools and of the educated men of the country has been toward materialism for the last twenty years. Nearly everyone of the professors in the University is an agnostic, or at least a materialist, and their influence is great. The men of the country,

except the, peasants, do not attend church except upon special occasions; and, while they assent to it, many do not believe in the Catholic faith.

"The immorality of the priests and their questionable practices will not permit an intelligent man to respect them; but the masses are intensely reli- gious and superstitious. Whatevel' may be the policy of the Government to- ward the Vatican, nothing can shake them from the faith in which they were born, or impair the reverence for the often dissolute and nearly always ig- norant priests of their parishes.

"Therefore, the work of Protestant missionaries must necessarily be among the educated classes, among the men who reason.' There is in Caracas a most inviting field for clergymen of education and intellectual force who can speak the Spanish language, and the same conditions exist throughout the country. It is a wonder to me that the missionary organizations in the United States do not occupy this field. A dozen churches might be organized in Venezuela at once, and in a few years everyone of them would be self- sustaining. "

The need of evangelical Christianity in Venezuela is also shown in the vital statistics published by the g·overnment. In the year 1906 there were 70,221 births, of which 47,600 were illegitimate. Of the 60,849 mothers of that year, only 16,556 could read and write, and 58,362 of the fathers were illiterate. Only 21,510 of the 75,512 mothers were married women, and of these 331 were widows.

Surely a country in which such conditions exist needs spiritual help other than that which the dominant Church has been able to give it, and surely the Presbyterian Church, as the one which has assumed responsibility for this cOUJ,ltry, can not deny this help, and in unstinted measure. When men and women learn to think, to reason for themselves, these tragic conditions will tend to disappear, and Christian education must be the means of bringing this about.

The dominant feeling of Protestant missionaries in Venezuela is one of encouragement, because of the evident opportunities for unlimited expansion. Every effort should be made to make immediate progress. An intensive educational program should be planned for Caracas and the work in this city should be well manned and equipped before any extensive program is launched looking to the evangelization of the interior. In a sense, the work of the interior and that in Caracas must be carried on simultaneously, since each will depend on the other for support. But there should be a system of strong schools in the capital which can receive and educate the boys and girls of that city and of the interior towns and cities, sending them out again to their respective communities imbued with Christian idealism and to work as leaven in the unevangelized society.

Evangelistic work should be intE'nsified in the city of Caracas, through the help of the young men who are preparing for the work of the ministry, and evangelistic work should be opened in the centers and regions mentioned above as soon as the way shall seem to be opened for this advance through the provision of workers and the funds to sustain them. .

_ GR£.'.T!!t APPAL.ACH1~H VALLEY – AI.LEGHENY-CUMBeRLAND 8ELT The Southern Highlander and His Homeland* A REVIEW BY R. W. ROUNDY, NEW YORK Associate Secretary of the Horne Missions Council I N" From Survey to Service" Dr. H. Paul Douglass writes of "Loving a Nation through a Map." "No one who has seen Drinkwater's play, 'Abraham Lincoln' as presented on the American stage can forget the brooding of that gaunt figure over the map of the United States. In his study in Springfield, Ill., and later in the ~White House, Lincoln is shown passing his fingers tenderly across the boundary between North and South as though to wipe it out. He caresses the map as one caresses a beloved face, and his outstretched hands seem lifted over it in benediction."

So John C. Campbell loved the Southern Highlander; he entered into the Highlanders' lives and homes; he brooded over their problems and sought for them the pathways of larger life and light. The indelible impression from a study of "The Southern Highlander and His Homeland" is that the author's coming meant more and *See "The Southern Highlander and His Homeland" by .John C. Campbell, 8vo. 11lustrated. 405 pp. $3.50 net. Russell Sage Foundatinll, New York, 1921. The illustrations in this article are taken by permission from Mr. CampbeJI's book.

945 fuller life for the mountaineers. In them and for them he lived, moved and had his being.

The volume that gives the results of Mr. Campbell's study and experience is a masterpiece of information and inspiration, a reservoir of scientific treatment, a manual of tested methods and policies in the fields of civic organization, patriotic achievement, social welfare and missionary service. The people are portrayed through the avenues of a great soul.

"There is this difference between the great and the little souls of earth: the little soul, disappointed, ceases to dream; the great soul dreams on and makes his dreams come true. Every great soul of man has had its vision and pondered it until the passion to make the dream come true has dominated his life." Every page reveals ~'OLLOW1NG THE TRAIL IN THE SODTHERN HIGHLANDS the author's desire to decrease while the mountain people increase. This great soul lived among them as one who served.

Doctor Campbell gives the facts; the facts gripped and filled his heart. He saw straight and saw the whole of "a land of promise, a land of romance, a land about which, perhaps, more things are known that are not true than of any part of our country."

In going to these people in his young manhood, MI'. Campbell felt the call of the blood. His own people in "earlier times were Highlanders in those other Highlands." Underneath that fact was his" gratitude to the South for having taken within its hospitable doors, during a great epidemic in ante bellum days, a lad just from Scotland who had come to seek his fortune in this land of promise, a lad whose memory was very dear" to him, his own father.

THE SOUTHERN HIGHLANDER AND HIS HOMELAND

In 1895 as soon as he was graduated from Andover Theological Seminary 'in Massachusetts, John Campbell began work for these people under the American Missionary Association. He became school principal at Joppa, Alabama, on the southern edge of the mountains twenty miles from the winding Tennessee and its rich bordering farm lands. In this county no Negro is allowed to reside. All are white folks.

Later he heard "the call of the Cumberlands," and a second period of service followed at Pleasant Hill, Tennessee, on the Cumberland plateau.

His third experience in mission school work was at Piedmont Academy, now Piedmont College, on the edge of the Highlands merging into the coastal plain seventy-five miles from Atlanta. Six years WHAT SHALL WE DO FOR THESE CHILDREN OF THE HIGHLANDS?

of critical study and personal survey of the entire mountain region followed. He traveled the whole area; he gave exhaustive study to seventy out of the two hundred mountain mission schools, small and large. He came to know the people intimately in their homes, in their retreats in mountain fastnesses, in their economic, social and religious life. This experience, made possible through the Russell Sage Foundation, under whose auspices he worked until his death, together with his religious training, educational fitness and sound judgment made him the authority upon the Southern Highlands.

Mrs. Campbell, who has edited this posthumous volume as a work of love, writes of her husband: "His great love for the people, whom he felt in a peculiar sense to be his own, his thorough understanding of them, and his simple and spontaneous friendliness won

him a weJcome everywhere. Many a time have I seen him before the hearth-fire of some little cabin, as much at home in the group there gathered as in the most polished assembly and far more happy. Many a night have I known him to lie sleepless trying to devise means whereby the hard conditions of mountain life might be eased, or help brought to some crippled or suffering child. He never left a home without feeling that the parting was one between old friends, a feeling which usually seemed to be shared by his hosts."

Mr. Campbell's life blood is so thoroughly in his writing that even the bony facts of geography and history well nigh become romance. You are conscious in all the pages of a map laid out before you. The very scenery of the country invites worship. The mountain peaks towering above stretched out plains, the timbered woodlands and the mountain streams, the rhododendrons and the mountain laurel inspire reverence. But more than all these are the men and women, the boys and the girls of the mountains, veritable children of God, made but little lower than the angels, with the hairs of their heads numbered. Weare kept in the atmosphere of the life stories of the humblest and yet of those who have often been and are bound to be exalted as the achievements of so many testifychief among whom was Abraham Lincoln, "the first American."

The Southern Highlands constitute a great area of real America comprising parts of nine states extending from the southern borders of Pennsylvania to the center of Alabama. This mountain region embraces an area of 112,000 square miles, a territory equivalent in extent to the combined areas of New York and New England and almost equal to that of England, Scotland, Ireland and ·Wales. The total population is 5,330,111 of which 88 per cent is white. The large cities in this region are Wheeling and Huntington, W. Va.; Knoxville and Chattanooga, Tenn.; Roanoke, Va., and Birmingham, Ala. One and a quarter million people are living in towns of 1,000 or more. The remaining four millions, approximately 84 per cent, are to be considered in two main groups. The larger group is compo~ed of fairly prosperous rural folks with some degree of education. They have their doctors and lawyers, their weekly, if not daily, papers and are in comfortable condition as farmers. The smaller group is of the cabin class, less educated, more isolated and needy. This number, though diminishing, is still large.

The resources of the Southern Mountains are coal, iron, lumber and agricultural products, but above all men and women. They are the pure gold awaiting only in their meagre environment the touch of the better elements of a Christian civilization to become leaders in industry, physicians, preachers, jurists, statesmen, workers for the common good. It was Mr. Campbell's clear conviction that educational methods, missionary service, religious institutions and

spirit must be so blended as to mean the rise of a whole people together in which the welfare of each shall be joined with the welfare of all. The problem of the mountains is that of rural America A SAMPLE OF AN OLD HIGHLAND SCHOOLHOUSE USED ALSO AS A CHURCH intensified. Its solution rests not in educating and Christianizing people out of their environments, but of developing folk s f or fuller and more complete living in their native communities.

The Southern Mountaineers have strong individualism. "If the question were submitted to an impartial jury as to what is the chief trait of Highland people the world over, the answer would be 'independence. ' . Should one ask the outstanding trait manifested by the pioneer, the reply would be 'independence.' Inquire what is the characteristic trait of rural folk, particularly of the farming class, and 'independence' will again be the answer. Put the query as to what is the prevailing trait of the American, and the unanimous verdict is likely to be 'independence.' ,'Ye have, then, in the Southern Highlander, an American, a rural dweller of the agricultural class, and a mountaineer who is still more or less of a pioneer. His dominant trait is 'independence' raised to the fourth power.

Throughout the pages of the" Mountaineer and His Homeland" there is the plea for a broad Christian service to these people; an eagerness for fuller cooperation among service agencies; a gospel which touches all of life; and never swerves from a faith in the

growing kingdom., But above all, Mr. Campbell is the exponent of a forward looking gospei by the use of which the mountain peoples are to work out their own temporal salvation.

In this program of progress missionary enterprises in the shape of Christian churches and independent schools have helped greatly. They were the providential forerunners of the public school system and stimulated its more general adoption. Missionary money has wisely lengthened the public school year. Mission schools have trained leaders and pointed the way to a higher education for many a promising youth. Missionary foresight has led to the planting of great undying centers of influence,-Berea, Piedmont, Mareyville, Lincoln Memorial University, the Berry'Schools of Georgia to say nothing of the older universities and colleges whose tentacles ran up into the mountains and whose background and continuance represent the best religious traditions and guidance.

Au illustration from the experience of one denominatiou points the way of worthy service in a day of adaptation. With the close of its church day-schools in a number of locations the mission board "undertook other public service and now maintains community work at these stations, endeavoring, through public-spirited men and women, to develop still further the self-reliant neighborhood spirit which was manifesting itself. The different communities are kept in touch with one another and with the outside world, and their influence widened locally by a corps of workers-physician, nurse, agricultural expert, domestic science teacher, boy scout master, pastor and others; all, as it were, circuit-riders of education in its broad sense-serving their own and other communities in the way in which they are severally prepared to serve them. As ambassadors of cooperation, they seek to link these communities together for the common good, and to enlist in cooperation with them toward this end the broader civic and educational forces of county, state and nation."

"The temper of the Highlander is the independent democratic temper of the frontiersman, caught between the ridges and hardened by isolation into an extreme individualism, while the frontier itself has passed on to the westward and vanished. In the meantime a new age, one that calls for cooperative service and community spirit, peers over the mountain barrier and with puzzled and critical eye views this individualism not as a natural result of conditions which could not be controlled, but as evidence of a people strange and peculiar and somewhat dangerous withal."

As the prophet of this new era of cooperation, Mr. Campbell has overlooked peculiarities and has been a tactful, patient, practical leader. He organized and promoted the Mountain Workers Conference now in its tenth year of service. With deep religious convictions used in a broad inclusive spirit he has led the way in progressive

1 THE SOUTHERN HIGHLANDER AND HIS HOMELAND

educational policies and advanced social methods. The new day now awaits the leader who will bring similar cooperation into the religious forces of the mountains and breathe into them a divine fellowship of common aims and a common loyalty to one Lord and Master.

Fuller cooperation should characterize the seventeen denominations now doing purely religious service. While there is a little overlapping and friction, there should be none. The needs are too great for any misdirection or duplication. But the native church membership itself must be reborn.into the realms of true brotherhood in which one is Master, even Chri st, and all are brethren. Including the Primitive, Missionary, Hard Shell and various other sects and sub-sects" the Baptist church is the predominant, or if the term be THE MOUNTAIN STORE-THE MEETING PLACE OF THE NEIGHBORHOOD allowed, the 'native' church of the Highlands." One-third of the population of 5,000,000 are church members-779,988 Baptists, 609,537 Methodists, 115,513 Presbyterians, 4,270 Congregationalists. Native churches are also made up of twelve kinds of Presbyterians, fifteen kinds of Adventists, four kinds of disunited United Brethren. These many subdivisions appeal earnestly for a cooperation in both spirit and form and for a Christian leadership more anxious to win followers of the Great Leader than to make sectarians in belief and narrow denominationalists in practice.

May the spirit of wisdom and understanding, of patience and cooperation, of hard work and high hopes which found its dwelling place in John C. Campbell go marching on until crowned with victory the full measure of character, good will and brotherhood is attained by the Southern Highlanden.

KALEIDOSCOPIC

1trl~ .J.1f11,J .l.111JY A "MISS::ij -5"'IIKI-5i1 N F 15 "'1~INr;. If. {S51{J1[ ll£HI"D ~fRi"T'~>J ~ 1'u '£'IERY b''ll !,Nij (v(lly JIll, "ft+ll ~ c "'HI'JN I] "Ill l!~ .!1- .,.-.. E ",htIIl! "Olfl.u .Jqy -PH/GOG" ~t" A '['HE FAN CONTAINS TH.E INVITATION WHY GIVE THE GOSPEL TO AFRICA?

CAN CHRIS'fJANS IN AMERICA LIGHTEN CHINA'S LOAD? The figures for this poster were cut from picture sheets_ The burdens were made from different colored cardboard_ A few strokes of the brush fastened the burdens together, indicated the path and made the letters_ HOME MADE MISSIONARY POSTERS 952

BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 1612 GROVE AVENUE, RICHMOND

THE MISSION AND METHODS OF CHARTS AND POSTERS Who are your speakers ~ Not only the messages of the men and women on your platform but the messages of the charts and posters on your walls, or which might be on your walls, are of importance. Vacant pulpits mean possible meso sages undelivered. Vacant walls in your Sunday-school and parish buildings mean opportunities missed. A number of mi~sionary leaders who have specialized on effective utilization of wall space give us their methods this month.

MAKING MISSIONARY POSTERS Simplicity. A complicated poster rarely gets its message aeross. By B. CARTER MILLIKIN, Educational Secretary Board of Foreign A 001iracy. The message of the poster is impressed whether it is correct or incorrect. Missions, Presbyterian Church in the To serve our purpose the message of the U.S. A. poster must be true.

We have only begun to realize the Charm. Arrangement, color scheme and design should receive careful attention so possibilities in missionary advertising. that the poster may really attract. Blank Why should not the principles and snace on the poster is as important as type. Overcrowding renders a poster ineffective. methods found most effective in com- Home made posters usually attract more at· mercial advertising be used to press tention than those which may be bought into the consciousness of the people ready made; what is more important, some of our churches outstanding mission- one or some group will have received the ary facts, ideas, objectives, needs ~ message of the poster through the process In a great many churches and Sun- of its manufacture.

day-schools there will be found some Growth. The poster should, if possible, one engaged in advertising as a busi- g-row before the eyes of the observers. Where feasible, it is very profitable to use ness. Often such a person will be a poster which, while it arrests attention, glad to contribute his experience. reveals at the outset only part of its meso Get him sufficiently interested in mis- salle, this message being completed by ad· sions, and he will give time and ditions affixed later. thought to the devising or striking methods or presenting missions Posters need not be expensive in through the eye. order to be effective, nor do they need Posters-well made and wisely used to be fancy works of art. A little -are highly educative both to those who make them and to those to whom genius on the part or the Committee they present their message. in selecting the ideas to be displayed, and artistic arrangement of available materials, are what count. .

Certain characteristics well made Poster contests may be used with posters must have: g-ood results in Sunday-schools and in Young People's organizations. Unity. The poster as a whole should pre- For example, the following method sent one idea or a group of closely related has been found very suecessful:- ideas.

953

Tlil'j }'fISSIONAHY REVlEW OJ;' THE WORLD

Let the Mi~8ionarv Committee of a TEN CHARGES TO CHART MAKERS Sunday-school announce a poster con- By EDITH P. TH01[SON test for the classes in, for instance, For (t number of ye(trs Miss l'hom81Y1t the Intermediate Department. A 1n(tde the eh(trts which were displayed at the clear statement should be made as to Foreign Missions Conference (tt Northfi,eld the rules of the contest: and featured in the He/ps tor Leader., 'pu/): lished by the United Study Committee. Posters to be uniform in sizc (22 by 28 inches is a fair standard). 1. Remember that the chart IS No article costjng more than five centR really worth while. It can talk should go on any poster. longer, and perhaps at times more im- pressively than you can. Visualiza- No adult, not evcn the class teacher, tion is one of the first principles of should have a hand in the manufacture of any poster.

Posters should he presented on a given the most successful memory systems. (late,-two or three weeks from the start of 2. Face the fact that anything the contest. worth while requires some time and at Some one who knows the advertising husi. least a little money. Appoint a chart ness should judge the posters on their merits as advertisements of missions in the particu- committee as auxiliary to the prolar neld chosen. gram committee to assist in gathering ideas, or to help in the mechanical de- The poster which is deemed ·the hest tails, and secure a small fund for should, as a reward to those who made it, be hung as a permanent exhibit in the Sun- day-school room, until such time as, in some needed materials. future contest, a hetter poster is produced. 3. Do not say "I can't," just be- Sometimes the interest of the chil- cause you never tried chart-making.

dren in the making of the posters can If you can secure the help of an ar- be used to induce them to meet to- tist, by all means do so. If not, try to gether for two or three weeks prior to enlist a high school boy or girl. Me- the contest, to study the field which chanical or map drawing forms the they are later to advertise. Thus the basis of a host of effective charts, and work can be made extremely educa- these studies are usually included in tional. school courses. Perhaps the mission- Pictorial materials for use on post- ary chart may prove the boy's or ters are more generally available than girl's first real step toward vital inis realized. Such magazines as "THE terest in missions. But above all, do REVIEW," The N ati.onal Geographic not be afraid, if necessary, to try and Asia are full of them. The mis- alone. sion study text-books in any given year teem with large ideas and im- 4. Get the habit of looking through portant facts which could be pre- the lesson or chapter to be presented for sented in striking chart or poster a. Some central theme or teaching. b. A summary or conclusion based on s('y~ form. The Annual Report of your eral leading facts. Board of Foreign Missions is a perfect gold mine of suggestions. e. Statistics that lllay he related or com- pa.red in a si111ple diagram or pic- Perhaps a word of caution is in ture.

order in the matter of statistics. This will answer the question, These, if used at all on the chart, "What shall we put on the chart," should be very few, very clear, and and it is a fascinating study. germaine to the theme of the poster 5. Having the ideas, how shall we as a whole. present them? Study the billboards, The Mission Boards, too, have a few and the advertising columns of maga- posters now and then which can be zines or periodicals, missionary and purchased. They do not, how~ver, otherwise, for suggestions in design.

compare in effectiveness with those You will be surprised to find how posters made in the Sunday-schools easily some of these may be adapted.

and the churches, and expressing 6. Consult the World Survey, pub- local interest and talent. lished by the Interchurch World

BEST METHODS

Movement, and accessible at most A pin, a pencil and a piece of cardboard Mission Board Rooms, for simple map punched with holes will be useful in making circharts and for line or figure diagrams. cles of various sizes. The two volumes of the Survey are brimming over with charts." Many These are warranted to make letterof the designs can be modified to fit ing a delight even to the novice. other sets of statistics, and one so simple as not to require an artist, but 9. Cloth Charts.-If more elaborate merely the help of ruler or compass. charts for repeated use are wanted, So wide also is the range of subjects use cloth, which can be folded and treated that many of the charts shown carried without tearing. A set of may be appropriately copied to illus- rubber stamp letters with ink pads trate general programs, or the chap- gives best results on cloth. One and ters of the year's textbooks in Home one-half inch size, capitals and small or Foreign Missions. letters, can be read in a large room_ It will be necessary of course in using 7. Keep a file for suggestions and these, to reckon the length of words for missionary pictures. An ordinary and lines for the whole chart, before letter file box can be made to answer touching the cloth itself. Colored this purpose by replacing the guide crayons make the most satisfactory letters of the alphabet on the different picture on cloth. After doing the sheets with names of countries, topics, crayon work, press the picture quicketc. Pictures from magazines often lyon the wrong side with a moderatework into very effective posters with ly hot iron to prevent smutting. the addition of but a slight amount of Keep on hand a bit of Chinese white lettering. paint to cover up possible errors in lettering in indelible ink, a very nec- 8. A cheap and handy outfit of essary precaution! working materials may consist of 10. The best chart combines infor- a. Large sheets of manila or of white mation with inspiration. Its force is shelf paper. weakened if we try to present many lessons on a single chart. One appeal b. Higgin's India Ink, both black and red. on one chart, is a motto we can safely c. Oolored marking crayons. trust to lead to good results. d. Faber fiat pens, in two sizes, for varying styles of letters.

CHARTS AND MISSIONARY FUNDS Dr. H. F. Laflamme, one of the Sec- retaries of the New York Federation of Churches, tells a striking story of the influence of a simple chart or motto: "About ten years ago, the pastor To divide a circle into three or six parts mark of a very wealthy church placed over the radius six times on the circumference. his pulpit one of the quotations which '" Copies sent from the REVIEW office on re- the Laymen's Missionary Movement ceipt of 20 cents for postage. had printed.

I If you want to enlist the Juniors and awaken their interest-MAKE A I uNot how m.uch of m.y money I CHART!

will I give to God, but how If you are planning a Japanese tea, or a missionary social of any sort- much of God'. money will I MAKE A CHART!

I keep for myself." I If you have some brand new mis- sionary books in the library and want The striking statement laid hold of everybody to know about them-MAKE the consciences of his people. A A CHART! wealthy woman who was not interested in missions came to the pastor If there is a Missionary Institute and said: or convention to be held near by, or you want to secure delegates to a sum- "I wish you would take that sign mer school of missions-MAKE A away. It offends our aesthetic taste, CHART! and is not in keeping with the beautiful surroundings." If you have some salient facts that you want to bring before your hearers The pastor urged that the motto in a missionary meeting-don't just was giving a message and that un- say them-MAKE A CHART! questionably it would greatly increase . But-if you do not wish many peothe gifts to missions. She proposed ple at your meeting; if you fear that that she would make a gift of $500 a the books you have will be too widely year if he would remove the motto. advertised; if you do not wish the It had touched her conscience, as well uninterested to become interested in as offended .her aesthetic taste. any event-then-DON'T MAKE A CHART I-for results prove that charts "Five hundred dollars is not will do just those things! enough. That motto is worth a missionary a year," he said. Then he But how? Get a goodly supply of talked with her earnestly about her cardboard, some old magazines, crepe opportunity for using God's money paper napkins of all descriptions, colfor God's work. She finally decided ored pencils or inks, paste and scisto assume the support of' a missionary sors, and you are ready. Enlist a' at $1,200 a year. group of young girls in this work.

The pastor moved the motto to the Take a half sheet of cardboard, and Sunday-school room where it again neatly print the subject of your meetbegan its quiet work. The woman has ing, or whatever you may want to adsince given $50,000 to a local charity vertise, or if you cannot print, cut the and still supports her missionary. letters from the "Saturday Evening From the chart which offended her Post," or some other paper. Select aesthetic taste she learned her first an appropriate picture from a magareal lesson in stewardship. zine to decorate the card, and add the time and place of the meeting, or some MAKE A CHART! special facts you wish to announce. It is very simple. A few striking sen- BRENDA L. MEHLHOUSE, tt'nces. or a few words well thought out adds to the effectiveness. Secretary of the Junior Luther League, United Lutheran Ohurch in America. What shall. we make? Here are a few suggestions of what has .been If you want to arouse interest in done:- that missionary meeting you are planning-MAKE A CHART! A Mission Study Class studying China had a set of bright orange col- If you want to make an attractive ored charts with pictures (the Misdisplay of books at a missionary con- sionary Education Movement Picture vention, and want to properly adver- Sheets obtainable from all Boards tise them-MAKE A CHART I gave these) and large Chinese char- If you want to fill that young people's society with new zeal for the missionary enterprise-MAKE A CHART!

MISSIONARY ASTRONOMY acters in bright blue to decorate the meeting in the center. Then the card card. Facts about China were was attractively decorated. printed at the bottom. These gave atmosphere to the room during the For February,-valentine symbols or class. flags and patriotic emblems were used.' A class on Africa has a set of black April,-Easter flowers. cardboard charts, with African pictures, the lettering in white ink, and May,-Spring flowers. the titles of the chapters of the book June,-some with roses, pink and red in large white letters. A class on "Christian Americani- others with delicate sweet peas. '

zation" had large white cards gaily July,-patriotic emblems were again used. decorated with patriotic emblems, August,-yellow daisies. flags, Liberty Bells, eagles, etc., cut from a roll of crepe paper. September,-golden rod.

Light lavender cardboard decorated October,-pumpkins and Halloween sym· with Japanese pictures for Japan; Indians, red cardboard, with brown boIs. wrapping paper tepees; blue cardboard, with white igloos and· icicles November,-a large turkey graced the cut from white paper for work with the Eskimos; and cards decorated card. with parrots and palm trees for the work in the islands of the sea are December was bright with holly and other suggestions. poinsettias. A Young People's society always Not only were the regular missionannounced their meetings in a most ary meetings advertised in this way; attractive way by posters decorated but the social meetings, the special with figures cut from crepe paper doings, the committees as they were napkins. These come in a host of de- appointed, and all the other 'activities signs and work up easily. The name of a live young people's society. of the month was printed at the top of the card, and the notice of the For the Juniors there are unlimited possibilities. An object tied to the card is a most effective way of catch- ing the small boys' and girls' inter- est. For a Japanese meeting, Japan- ese fans or tiny lanterns fastened on the card, for mountaineer work, a lit- tle rude hut constructed of cardboard and brown wrapping paper. ' Some- times a tiny doll, or some toy will add interest. It will pay you to take a trip through the five and ten cent

stores and see the things that will "Under Many Flags" was attraclend themselves to a poster. Three tively advertised by a card with sevreal candles on a picture of a cake eral children of foreign lands cut cut from an advertisement of Crisco from a missionary magazine, and a made a most effective way of getting row of tiny paper flag pins (may be the Juniors to a Birthday Party of obtained from the Boards or from the the Junior Society. Sunday-school supply houses).

Another easily made card to at- For medical work, nurses and doctract their attention: . a large owl tors cut from the magazines can be utilized. One effective card had large SHOOT red crosses at each corner, an automo- f"'OR bile with the ladies inside transformed into Red Cross nurses by the aid of RESULTS white paper headdresses, and a group of children standing before a row of pill bottles (also cut from a maga- zine) and below the jingle "Doctors and nurses and pink and white pills, To heal the sick and cure all ills," and the time of the meeting.

A Committee in your local society, or the larger organizations to provide suggestions for charts to advertise meetings, books, special events, and all phases of missionary work, will play no small share in its success.

STORY OF ONE EXHIBIT drawn in black crayon, and the words One of the distinctive features of some of the great conventions and " Be Wise and come to Junior So- conferences of the Southern Presbyciety. " terian Church is the unusual exhibit of charts which have made never to- For recording the amount in the be-forgotten impressions on thoutreasury an Orange Tree Chart can sands of people. Miss Isabel Arnold be made. Draw the trunk and of Elkins, West Virginia, has debranches in brown, add a green leaf, veloped for the Foreign Missions Excut from green paper for every cent ecutive Committee a collection of in the offering, a white orange blos- charts and mottoes that are truly resom for every nickel, and a yellow markable. orange for every dime. During the summer the charts make Try a "Fishbowl." Draw with up the wall program of the various black pencil an outline of an aquari- conferences at Montreat, N. C. Every um. Cut out of white paper little year in its sessions, the General Asfish, make these "gold fish" by add- sembly faces the most vital needs of ing a few streaks of colored crayons. its seven mission fields, strikingly pre- For every new member brought to the sented on charts, and sees on the walls society, add one of the fish to the the records and comparisons of progchart, writing name above the fish. ress. The charts are also available for use at various other conferences and for the Mission Board offices.

Miss Arnold has taken four verses of Scripture as the basis of her work.

1. The command to the Israelites to "Set up great stones and plaster them

1921J BEST METHODS

with plaster: and write upon them Falls in Africa, visualized to his mind all the words of the law," which sug- the millions of Africa's people hurled gests the wisdom of visualizing the into cternity without any knowledge needs of the world and the commands of God. So I secured a beautiful pic- of our Lord, to His Church to carry ture of Victoria Falls, and printed the Gospel to all the earth. along side of it a condensed story from Dr. Springer's statement, add- 2. "The hand of the .Lord was upon ing the religious statistics of Africa '8 him." Much prayer has been back of millions. this chart exhibit. There has been always a recognition of the fact that On reading one of our mission the hand of the Lord must direct the study books, "Under Marching Orplanning, the designing, the executing del's," by Ethel Hubbard, these words and the placing of the charts if His arrested my attention: mcssage is to be spoken through them. "If as a good citizen you would fol- 3. "For glory and for beauty" the low your country's flag to the ends of priests garments were to be. "Sure- the earth,-would you not just as ly," said Miss Arnold, "each chart I promptly follow the Christian flag make must be for the glory of God, any where it might lead ~ If you foland must possess such beauty that the low a flag you put yourself under attention of even the casual observer marching orders. Where the comwill be held at once. " mander says 'Go,' the soldier directs his steps. " 4. "The children of this world are in their generation wiser than the I had for a headline to this chart children of light." The advertise- the great commission, Matt. 28: 19, ments of the day testify to the truth 20; and then the picture of France of the statement. with the U. S. flag over it. By its side was pictured the Orient, with the Here are the stories of the develop- Christian flag over it. The coloring ment of some of the charts as told by was good. Under the picture were the words already quoted. This chart Miss Arnold: has especially appealed to young peo- ple, and many copies have been made One summer at Northfield, Dr. Sid- of it. ney Guli.ck spoke of conditions in Japan and the alarming number of "The ABC of Exhibit Planning," suicides among the student body who by E. G. Routzahn ($1.50, Russell were without Christ and without Sage Foundation, N. Y. City) is the hope. He gave a word picture of most helpful book I have found. Al- Kegon Falls over which hundreds of ways in my reading I keep the exhibit suicides have gone to their death. work in mind, culling facts, collecting The first student who took his life pictures, even when they serve only there, had this note fastened on his from the standpoint of a good color body: suggestion.

"Neither philosophy nor religion I have had enough experience to answers life's deepest problems. T know that this work does bear fruit. go to the other world to seek the an- As one man sat looking first at one chart and then at another, tears filled swer. " his eyes. He said the need of the world had never been so visualized to The thought came at ·once to trace him before. The tears were followed a picture of these falls, which proved by an earnest purpose to do more to to be a beautiful cascade of great meet the world's need. I have had height, and print with it the facts of ~'oung people at Conferences say that student suicides in Japan. This chart the charts made more impression on has beE'n most effective' in sending the them than any word spoken from the call for Christian work among the platform. At one conference where students of ,Japan.

Dr. Springer in his book, "Pi'lIl"£'rinO' in the Congo" says that the falling water, never ceasing, of Victoria

people were hurried, a few even Quotations from Mrs. Hill'. Note Book missed meals to copy facts from the "Seeing a thing is worth a hundred charts. descriptions of it."

The charts or graphs are about 4% A lesson may be told by a poster in by 5% feet in size, and are made with a moment, which many printed pages Rubens Crayons on good quality can not convey.

muslin and are lettered with rub- The effectiveness of the poster de- ber p;inting outnts. Money, time, pends largely on the care and accu- strength and prayer h~ve been iT;- racy with which it is worked out.

vested in them, and the lllvestment IS Posters must nrst catch the eye; a paying one." then invite further, though brief, in- Miss Arnold designs her charts and spection. does the lettering, and has an artist Hamilton King, who stands at the to do the color work. head of poster design in America, epitomizes poster essentials: FROM ACORN TO MIGHTY OAK "Posters should 'seize' a moment, ex- ploit a situation with one daring sweep of A number of years ago a woman the brush or pencil.

printed three missionary quotations THREE THINGS TO AVOID: on sheets of drawing paper and took 1. Mass of small letters or too many them to her missionary meeting. They letters of one kind. made such an impression that she decided to make three new ones for each 2. Elaborate and intricate detail. meeting in the year. Gradually she added borders and pictures and" foot 3. III suited values in shade and pieces. " Other people became inte:- shadow. ested and were willing to help untll the "Mary Hill Posters and Charts" Masses of small letters are not only have become as widely known as the useless, being illegible except at close "Mary Hill Literature Boxes," and range, but tend to confuse the compohundreds of posters are now out on sition and detract from the importheir educational and inspirational tance of the principal figures and the mission in different parts of the coun- general clearness of the conception. trY. From March, 1920, to March, 1921 over 500 were sent out, and in Space between words should be the ~ext six months the number had about the width of the narrow letters: Some artists succeed in printing beautiful letters with a tooth pick. Stub pens are useful for large letters.

grown to 1526-from March, 1921, to MATERIALS FOR POSTER MAKERS October, 1921. From coast to coast they go, and from North to South. By MAUDE EVELYN BRADLEY, The posters are loaned to conferences, conventions and local organizations Director of Arts and Crafts in the High with no charge except for express. School, Pawtucket, R. I. Often they are scheduled many Simple, flat shapes and a few colors, months in advance. well arranged, are more effective than The exhibit is made up of various complicated affairs.

styles of posters, charts and pictures, Helpful material to use in the confrom simple mottoes to portraits of struction of posters, colored crayons, value. Gifted artists, practical work- wateT color paints, colored papers, samples of wall papers and borders, magazine pictures and covers, carbon ers-men and women of many talents paper for tracing.

-have become interested and have Colored crayons-Very satisfactory given valuable help. For further ,in- crayons may be purchased in the five formation write to Mrs. Horace M. and ten cent store or in any shop car- Hill 415 Oak Grove Street, Minneap- rying toys. Binney and Smith Co., 81-83 Fulton Street, New York City, olis,'Minn.

sell a very fine crayon called "Cray- 9×12, 100 sheets, 60c, sample booklet ola." , free.

Pencils-A white marking pencil "Construction papers" for heavier used on a black or dark gray card- cut out work and backgrounds-9×12, board is effective. assorted, 50 sheets, 50c, samples. , Most unusual results are obtained Strathmore Paper Co., Mittineague, by using a common carpenter's pencil. Mass. Strathmore papers and boards The graphite is so wide and flat, that -fine for large posters and charts, the point may be sharpened in various various grades for pencil, pen and ways, giving a variety of strokes. water color work, samples.

1. Sharpen pencil to a point re- Ask a wall paper dealer for one of sembling a chisel. This gives a broad, his last season's sample books. It will flat line which is especially good in prove a veritable gold mine of poster making Roman letters. decorations-flowers, autumn leaves, 2. Sharpen pencil to chisel point landscapes, etc. Cut out around the and then cut a notch or notches in the designs and paste on cardboard poster edge. This point makes letters of or chart.

either two or three lines which are Passe-partout binding in various very pretty. colors makes very attractive borders 3. Experiment with the various on posters.

points in making borders around the Prang Company Silhouette Papers, edges of posters-With chisel edge "Enginex, " black, noncoated, size make a long stroke and two short 24×36 per doz. sheets, 48c "Prismo,"

strokes. Repeat around cardboard. black, coated on one side, 24×36 per With notched point make a horizontal doz. sheets, 65c.

stroke and then a vertical, etc. Effective posters are made by using Water color paints-If paints can- silhouette designs. Trace around any not be secured at a local shop, send to figure or unit by laying same on Milton Bradley Co., Springfield, black silhouette paper and marking Mass., or The Prang Co., 30 Irving around edge with pencil. Cut out and Place, N. Y., for catalogues of art paste.

supplies.

Many of the photographic supply Hints on Lettering shops carry Japanese water colors in Good tools are essential for good book form. A small piece, cut off and lettering. Lettering pens are of great put in water, forms a wash which is help and all stationery stores and art particularly good for tinting photo- supply firms now carry a variety of graphs or magazine illustrations. different styles. The" Sponbill Pens"

Milton Bradley Co. has a new pos· (Prang Company) are especially good tel' paint called "Tonal Tempera for this work. Different effects may Colors. " There are 23 colors and sil- be obtained by using various sizes. ver and gold. These come in glass A printing outfit is a great asset to jars, dry quickly and do not fade. The color effects are new and quite one who has many charts and posters different from the usual line of paints to make. These are well worth the infound on most posters. itial cost. Milton Bradley Co. carry a very good one for $4.50, which con- Inks-Higgin's Waterproof Inks tains an alphabet of capitals, small come in many colors and are splendid letters, figures, pad, ink, rule, etc. for lettering. They can be purchased It is much easier for some people to in art shops, or from Chas. M. Hig- cut out letters than it is for them to draw them. Squared paper is excelgins and Co., 271 Ninth Street, Brook- lent for this. It comes blocked off in lyn, N. Y.

Papers-Prang Company "Engi- squares of various sizes, but the quarnex" papers for posters and cut out ter inch is best for poster letters. Cut work-27 colors, assorted package out pieces about one and one-half by

9(i2 'fHE MIRSJO)!ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD i Dt'ccmlwr

two inches; fold through center and and dissolve in a double boiler to precut letters. Or, use this squared vent glue from burning. paper for a foundation for printed letters. 4. When thoroughly dissolved, add the glycerine. Pour into pan. If tpo For a fine book on lettering, send to soft, melt and add more glue. If too the School Arts Magazine, 25 Foster liard, melt and add more glycerine.

$1/(}GE5TION rOR 5. If there are bubbles on the sur- WT-OVT ALPHAB~l face, prick with a pin. If surface be- comes rough, set in moderately warm DlAloIM ON place, as on the radiator. Pan must SQUAReD l'APrR. be level.

Street, Worcester, Mass), for "The 6. Make writing or drawings with Art of Lettering," by John T. Lemos, hectograph ink, and heavy pen on 75c. hard paper. Make a broad line.

Squared paper may be purchased at 7. Allow ink to dry. Do not use a any art supply shop or firm. blotter.

To save time, patience and eye- S. Dip a sponge in cold water. sight, place a large sheet tlf squared Press nearly dry. Moisten surface of paper (or several small sheets pasted the pad. together) under the poster paper so that the former projects on the right 9. Place written sheet of paper, and left sides. With a ruler carry th,' face downward on pad. Smooth guide lines across the poster paper. paper with hand so that all parts stick This saves much measuring. to the pad.

Making Hectograph Pad 10. Leave paper on pad for about three minutes and then remove gently. A hectograph pad is a great convenience to one who wishes to make 11. Moisten the pad again. duplicate copies of invitations, pro- 12. Place a sheet of hard paper 011 grams, announcements, etc. inked surface and smooth it as in the original copy. 1. Take a rectangular cake tin 13. Remove the paper carefully and about an inch deep, ten inches wid., repeat the process as many times as and. thirteen inches long, or one ap- desired. proximately this size. 14. If the pad is covered with strip~ of paper to the edge of the writing, 2. Measure the pan with water to the paper used in copying can be more Ree how much material is needed. pasily removed. Take three ounces powdered gelatine 15. When through copying, wipe and one and one-half pints of glycer- the surface with a sponge dipped in ine to one-half pint water. This i8 sufficient for a hectograph the size o [] Rlightly warmed water. stated. SU66ESTI"f: r(JUNOtT'O/(~ The proportions are six ounces of ground white glue to One pint of glycerine. Gela· FO, tine may be au bstituted for glue. It does better work but does not last as long. Order 'I"VITfTIONS -e~_ the glycerine at a -drug store and ask that a few drops of carbolic acid be added to it. This prevent.s the pad from moulding.

3. Add a little hot water to the glue

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY, BEIVERLY, MASSACHUSETTS.

WITH ONE ACCORD, IN ONE PLACE chology in Livingstone College, North Carolina. There were representatives The International Missionary Coun- of Norway, Sweden and Switzerland, cil, which received editorial mention both German and French. There was in our November number, succeeds thc a representative of Holland, with sev- Edinburgh Continuation Committee, eral of our good neighbors from Can- which was organized in 1910, and was ada, and there was Pastor Couve, reorganized as an Emergency Com- leader of the French Protestants. Mr.

mittee to act in Great Britain and J. H. Oldham, Secretary of the In- America during the war. The new ternational Missionary Council, Miss Council is made up of duly appointed G. A. Gollock, Secretary of the British representatives of the National Prot· Board for the Preparation of Mission- estant Foreign Mission bodies of Eu- aries and Miss Florence Mackenzie, rope, North America, Asia, South Af- Principal of the United Free Church rica and Australia. of Scotland Woman's Missionary The first meeting of this Council Training College came from Great was held at Lake Mohonk, New York, Britain. From America Mrs. Wm.

September 30th to October 6th, and Boyd, President of the Federation of brought together sixty-five delegates, Women's Foreign Mission Boards, and some of whom came from as far away Miss Belle Bennett, LL.D., President as Australia and South Africa. A of the Woman's Missionary Council Chinese professor and a Japanes<) of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Bishop sat side by side. There wert) South, were among the women mem- two representatives of India, one a bers. There were also secretaries of Burmese, the first Oriental woman to the leading Boards of Foreign Mis- serve on such an International Coun- sions of North America, and mission- cil. Dr. Ma Saw Sa, Fellow of the j aries from foreign fields. Over the Royal College of Surgeons, and for conference presided Dr. John R. Mott, seven years superintendent of the who kept the conference steadily at Lady Dufferin Hospital, Rangoon, is work, morning, noon and night.

worthy of such recognition. The other Matters of vast importance came Indian was Dr. S. K. Datta, Associate before the conference and were dis- Secretary of the Y. M. C. A. of India. cussed freely and in the best of spirit.

There was an Anglican Bishop, head They were none of them problems that of the Society for the Propagation of one Board or one country could set- the Gospel, the Rt. Rev. George Lan- tie, but were vital questions requiring chester King, D.D., also Colonel Sir the closest thought and earnest prayer Robert Williams, President of the of all for their solution. The spirit Church Missionary Society, Rev. of the conference was marvelous.

Frank Lenwood, Foreign Secretary of " Not since Edinburgh," said Mr.

the London Missionary Society, Dr. Oldham, "have we had a meeting like John H. Ritson, Secretary of the Brit- this. " Grave responsibilities, differ- ish and Foreign Bible Society, Mr. ing view points were fully appreei- Kenneth Maclennan, the moving spirit ated. One felt that for the first time in missionary education in Great Brit- since the war these matters could be ain, Major Robert R. Moton, of Tuske- met by an international body, but one gee, a Christian statesman worthy of felt also the absolute need of Divine any place of honor, and Professor .T. direction.

E. K. Aggrey, once an African prince Among the subjects on which we from the bush, now professor of psy- must agree if we are to work as one 963

great army for the coming of the king- joint editor of the International Re- 0 dom of Christ is The Relation of view of Missions, made a deep impres- Churches in the various nations of sion with her paper on Missionary Asia and Africa to the Mission Boards Preparation. at home and the organized missions on the field. Dr. Arthur J. Brown At every session prayer helped to presented the paper which led to a hold minds and hearts together. very full discussion and the appoint- Groups in the dining room cemented ment of a committee made up chiefly friendships, and America had the of representatives of these churches pleasure of introducing Europe and in Asia and Africa. It is a sign of the Orient to griddle cakes, baked hope that with the strengthening of beans, corn on cob and apple pie, with the Church the leaders should desire, the secret conviction, however, despite in some cases, greater independence, polite appreciation, that if the deleand it is a sign of greatness on the gates had their choice their own napart of the British Continental and tional dishes might win. There was a American Boards that they welcome delightful social hour at tea every aftthese signs of growth. Only as the ernoon, when many of the ladies of great churches of the East begin to the delegation were present. If there meet their own problems and settle was any lingering difference of opintheir own policies can they grow into ion in the conference it was indicated maturity and out of dependence. by the attitude of the British Empire toward American tea. The report of this committee was fl. finely expressed statement, urging, It is impossible to reproduce the joy not independence, but cooperation. and blessedness of this conference and the great hope that through the long A matter of great perplexity to the days together a better understanding Boards and to the fields is the settle- may be brought about between all nament of the status of the German mis- tions. In this cooperative work no sions which were so sorely disturbed one is called upon to compromise conduring the war. It is not easy to de- victions. Christ prayed that "They termine the future of some of these may be one that the world may know missions. Not all the war restriction!> that Thou hast sent me." And as we are removed but it is hoped that the parted, some returning the following solution may soon be in sight and that day to the Gold Coast of Africa, Niagain many worthy missionaries may geria, Malaysia, China, Japan, India, be restored to service. there was a feeling that nothing could break this sense of oneness in Christ. One of the interesting personalities in the conference was Dr. Thomas After the conference the delegates Jesse Jones, of the Phelps-Stokes were entertained delightfully at Foundation, who led the recent com- luncheon by Dr. and Mrs. William mission through Africa and presented Bancroft Hill, of Poughkeepsie, who the needs of the Dark Continent with personally conducted them through some valuable suggestions for meeting Vassar College. That same evening a those needs. Dr. Jones had with him dinner was given in New York City Rev. and Mrs. A. W. Wilkie, mission- by prominent laymen intetested in aries from the Gold Coast, and Pro- world-wide missions. The spirit and fessor Aggrey. addresses of the guests made °a deep and abiding impression on the two One of the most interesting discus- hundred people present. It is only to sions was that on Education, based on be regretted that a larger number the paper by Paul Munroe, of Colum- could not have enjoyed the spiritual bia University, and the paper in reply blessing which they brought. b! Sir Michael Sadler of Great Brit- The Council will not meet in Amerain. ica again for four years. A meeting, however, is planned in Europe in Miss Gollock, an able representative of the women of Great Britain,

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

1923. As we sang together, "We are "EVER'YLAND" REAPPEARS not divided, all one body we," we The Christmas number of Everywere not so strong, perhaps, on the land, which is to appear in December, line, "One in faith and doctrine, " but will reproduce certain features ofsome all together in glorious harmony, of the first numbers when it appeared "One in Charity." Perhaps we shall as a magazine. for children thirteen years ago. It has now come back never see eye to eye in all things as again to the first editor, and it is her we do not always perfectly agree in hope that, besides making good the our own communions. Is not that the subscriptions for which many children glory of the freedom of faith Y As have paid, and which could not be internationalism does not argue furnished through the Interchurch against a right nationalism, so we may, World Movement, it may resume its missionary character so marked in the without fear pf loss of personal con- beginning. viction, unite in this great interdenominational effort to bring the vie- There is no special need of a secular tory of our Lord throughout the magazine for children, but there is a earth.

REDUCTION OF ARMAMENTS great need for a good interdenomina- tional missionary magazine for boys All women who believe in Foreign and girls of from ten to fifteen years Missions must believe in the Confer- of age.

ence for the Reduction of Armaments. The Central Committee on the Weare all able to help by our pray- United Study of Foreign Missions, to ers and through an effort to eirculate which this publication was referred the excellent literature which has by the Federation of Woman's Forbeen issued. The Federal Council of eign Mission Boards, has accepted the the Churches of Christ in America, responsibility and the chairman be- through its Commission on Interna- comes the editor. Miss M. H. Leavis, tional Justice and Good-will, has pre- West Medl'ord, Mass., is the Business pared a wonderful program, The Manager and Subscription Agent to Church and a Warless World. whom all matters of business should Women can do a great service to the be referred, together with subscripcause of Christ and the cause of world tion lists and checks. Articles or stories for publication should be sent peace by circulating these lessons, '* to Mrs, Henry W. Peabody, 300 Ford Building, Boston, Mass, designed for use in the prayer meeting for four successive weeks. Great interdenominational meetings should To missionaries who. read this no- also bring together the people of the tice the editor would make the follow- community so that the facts may be ing request: Will you send us stories, presented as given in this very con- not sermons and not articles, but real vincing presentation. The facts are live stories of human interest related staggering, the arguments are unan- to Home or Foreign Missions, and swerable; the cause is most impor- will you send us photographs to illus- tant. trate these stories ? We shall be glad to pay for manuscripts and photo- *The entire set of literature may be secured graphs and would like every country for 25 cents from the Federal Council of the of the globe represented in this maga- zine, Those who understand children Churches of Christ in America, 105 East 22d St., New York City. The package includes the know that they do not want sermons, following: "The Church and a Warless World. but stories of adventure, of heroism, all with the missionary motive and ~~~e f:::i w~;~P.b:~il~ti~~inOjf ..;£~f~en~:d background shining through. These are greatly needed if we are to train War?H by Harry Emerson Fosdick j "The oyr boys and girls to take a real and Staggering Burden of AI'Illament," by Edward Cummings; "On the Trail of the Truth About Japan," by WilHam Axllng; "Facts About the Japanese in California," American League of Justice. thJ~eeJ'~~~~l~;Se. give full direction regardjug

intelligent ·interceT in the great work especially adapted to women, to show of the Kingdom of God. the great benefit of its use by pastors and teachers and to urge a club in Miss Lucile GulliYer, the associate your own church. It would not be editor, has had a remRrkable experi- difficult and would cost you nothing ence while traveling thr:mgh Europe but a slight effort, while it might be to secure m'!tl'1'ial for a series of the means of greatly increasing the in- Geographical R0fl(i8r8. Thi<; work was terest and service of those who subinterruptE'(l bv th~ mtr, but we will scribe. Try it in your own society or guarantee thnt om boYS and girls will in your church prayer-meeting and be interested i'l hf'r department to be send a list as a Christmas gift to THE known as "Miss Gulliver's Travels." MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD.

Miss Margaret Applegarth, Mrs. E. A OENTRAL COMMITTEE DINNER C. Cronk and Mrs. Hosmer Billings are also Department editors. The Central Committee on the Unit- ed Study of Foreign Missions gave '1 The price of the magazine is $1.50 dinner in New York City September for a single subscription, but we are 29th in honor of the guests from making a special offer (until Febru- abroad who had come to attend the Inary) of a club of five subscriptions ternational Missionary Council at for $5.00. The MISSIONARY REVIEW Lake Mohonk. The guests of honor OF THE WORLD may be had with included representatives interested in Everyland, for $3.00, a saving of $1.00 publishing missionary literature and in on the combined subscription pricll. various other missionary educational Send subscriptions promptly to Miss plans. Mrs. Frank Mason North,ofthe M. H. Leavis, Viest Medford, Mass., Central Committee, made the address so as to secure the Christmas number of welcome and there were speeches for your boys and girls. Sample num- by Mr. Maclennan, Mr. Cogswell, of bers will be out December first. the Missionary Education Movement in North America, Dr. Lovell Murray, THREE CHRISTMAS PRESENTS IN formerly of the Student Volunteer Movement, Miss Gollock and Mr. J. H. ONE Oldham, editors of The lnternatj~onal Review of MissionH, and Colonel Sir Had you thought of giving Tm; Robert Williams of the Church Mis- MmsTmTARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD as sionary SociE'tv. There were also repa Christmas Gift ~ It would accom- resentatives from France, Switzerplish more than one purpose. land, Finland, Australia, Africa and Asia. Through this happy occasion First, you would give an indispen- the Central Committee hopes for sable missionary tool to some worker closer cooperation with those in other or pastor who needs to know the broad countries who are attempting the same lines of missionary work of all denom- sort of work that this committee has inations today. done since it was organized in 1900.

Sec'Ond, you would be giving a real THE FLORIDA SOHOOL OF !!'ift in sending your subscription to MISSIONS THE REVIEW, which should have a larger subscription list and must de- The winter "School of Missions" pend upon its friends to extend its in- will be held in St. Petersburg, Fla., fluence. January 15 to 20, 1922. For further information, write to Mrs. G. W. Third, you would be making a gift Cooper, St. Petersburg, Fla. to missions. It would be impossible for anyone to read THE REVIEW and not do more, pray more and give more for the cause of missions. Women are especially successful in this department of work. It would be easy in your missionary society to point out the valuable features of the REVIEW

MISCELLANEOUS NEWS organization more than a mere fed-

Annual Week of Prayer eration.

T HE World's Evangelical Alliance The name of the organization is announces the universal Week of "The World Student Federation Prayer for January 1-7, 1922. The Against Alcoholism"; the object" to topics outlined are as follows: create, propagate and deepen among the students of the higher institutions Sunday, January 1. of learning in all countries, the study Topics and Texts suggested for sermons. of the causes, effects and prevention 1. From whom to Learn. Luke xi. 1. of alcoholism"; the membership em- 2. Cooperation. Matt. xviii. 19. braces all student societies in sym- 3. Faith. Mark xi. 24. pathy with the object; the officiary 4. Conditions of Snccess. Johil xv. 7. is to be chosen on a basis of personal 5. Persistence. Lnke xviii. 1. (Read Luke xi. 5·13; Matt. xv. 21·28.) abstinence from the use of beverage 6. Intercession. Eph. vi. 18. 1 Tim. ii. alcohol; meetings to be held once each two years; and an executive interna- 1, 2. tional committee to govern the affairs Monday, January 18. of the federation in the interim be- Thanksgiving and Confession. Tuesday, January 3.

The Church Universal. tween the by-yearly meetings. Wednesday, January 4.

Nations and Their Rulers. Jews Among World Nations Thursday, January 5. A CALIFORNIA daily newspaper Missions. recently had the following edi- Friday, January 6. torial on the survival of the Jews as Families, Educational Institutions and a race and their possible future: the Young. Saturday, January 7.

Home Missions and the Jews. Notwithstanding all the vicissitudes of I,is history, the Jew impersonates the won- Student "Drys" Form Federation der of the ages as a people.

REPRESENTATIVES of the stu- Other nations have been born, have risen to eminence, have passed away. Other peo- dent bodies of twelve countries ples have been absorbed into conqnering tribes and nations until little but tradition became signatories to a world-student remains of their greatness. federation against alcohol in a threeday conference held in August at But the Jew, notwithstanding his national Lausanne, Switzerland. The countries life ended with the fall of Jerusalem in A. D. 70, regardless of the eighteen and a represented in the new federation are: half centuries which have intervened, per- Austria, Sweden, Switzerland, Es- sists in comparative racial purity. To the thonia, United States of America, student of history he remains the marvel of all time.

Belgium, Germany, France, Great In the annals of the world'8 past, recorded Britain, Holland, Bulgaria and or unrecorded, there is no instance of a Czecho-Slovakia. This conferenee national life, once disturbed, its heart shorn was called by the provisional com- out, ever again able to resume its national mittee appointed in the summer of 1920 at Karlstad, Sweden, at a sim- existence or retain any homogeneity for a ilar international meeting. lengthy period of time. To this statement of fact the Jew may prove the exception. The gripping needs of a world sick Upon the traditions of the past, in the land of alcohol brought a union of spirit of his birth as a nation nearly 3,000 years ago, he is seeking to build anew.

Whether or not the attempt to again set and feeling which put all national up the Jewish state shall be a snccess or not, feelings into oblivion. The spirit of time will show. But regardless of the re- "Everybody's World" was strong sult, the Jew will still stand as the great upon the students, and makes the new problem of the ages among world nations.

Our Hope.

967

Jews' Miss'ionary Spirit As for the thousands of other un- fortunate people living in the leper THE Union of American Hebrew homes in many lands, they, too, would Congregations has successfully eagerly welcome holiday messages completed a campaign to raise $3,- from friends in America. In these 500,000 in ten years for the purpose Oriental stations, however, it is well of bringing about a revival of J uda- to make the holiday greeting of a very ism among Jews. Prominent Jews in practical nature by sending such arall parts of the country have been ticles as soap, blankets and sandals, enlisted in this effort in behalf of white bandages, medical supplies, those who have drifted away from food and clothing. If possible it is the faith of their fathers. better to send money instead of the articles, for American dollars will buy This movement is of interest as in- much more on the ground and supdicating a revival of missionary effort plies can be bought at wholesale. on the part of a religion which had Sandals, needed to keep the lepers' ceased to be missionary. It may be mutilated feet from contact with the that the effort will reveal to them- bare ground, are from thirty to forty selves the fundamental difference be- cents a pair. Double blankets bought tween the Jewish and the Christian in the native markets cost from two message. Nothing is so likely to ex- to four dollars. A blanket will warm pose the weakness of a belief as to the heart, as well as the body, of a attempt to teach it. leper all winter.

Our Jewish Neighbors.

Christmas Gift. to Lepers Send now for it takes time for the things to reach the stations. Offerings "IF you were a Leper what. would for the Lepers' Christmas are now you think and do ~ " This ques- being received and acknowledged by Fleming H. Revell, treasurer, The tion is hard enough to answer, but American Mission to Lepers, 156 what if you were a "home-sick" Fifth Avenue. New York. Leper V To be a Leper, plus homesickness, is a condition offering triple World Sunday School Leaders opportunity for an expression of Christian sympathy. AN informal luncheon in New York on October 20, presided There are over 1,000 lepers in the over by Hon. John Wanamaker, presi- United States alone, not counting dent of the World's Sunday School those in the Philippines; and to Association, brought together Sundaymany of those the ministry of holiday school leaders of America, Japan, greetings would bring untold happi- Holland and Great Britain to hear ness. reports on the progress of Sunday- school work in their various countries. At "Federal Hospital No. 66," a home is provided for lepers from at Baron Van Boetzelaer von Dubleast twenty different states. All that beldam, of Holland, reported that medical skill can do in their behalf Sunday-school work is growing in size will be provided but they need the and importance in the Netherlands. touch of human cheer and sympathy. Thus far it has been confined to chil- dren, but it is expected that the move- Would you like to add to their com- ment to change the name to the forts by joining other friends in a "United Christian Education Move- Christmas shower in their behalf 1 If ment," will enlist adults. so, drop a card to W. M. Danner, American Secretary of the Mission to Bishop Usaki, of the Methodist Lepers, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, Church in Tokyo, reported that since and ask what would be most accept- the recent World Sunday School able, and when and where to send the Convention there has been a noticegift.

~:ilWS FROM MANY LANDS 96~

able growth in the Sunday-schools. and unity of spirit. A warm discus- The endorsement of leading Japanese, sion on the subject of the "Lambeth including the Empress, at the time of Proposal" for the re-ordination by the Convention has led non-Christians Anglican bishops of the non-conform- of all classes to favor sending their ist clergymen, led the Council to vote children to the Sunday-school for re- against the acceptance of any such ligious education. Bishop Usaki is plan. A committee of twelve, of which pastor of a church which has a model Prof. P. Carnegie Simpson, of Cam- Sunday-school, including a large adult bridge, England, is chairman, was department. appointed to draft an answer to the Doctor Kozaki, formerly president Lambeth proposals.

of the Doshisha University, told the In the debate on church union there story of his conversion in a Christian was a strong sentiment in favor of Sunday-school, under the influence Christian unity, but decided opposi- of the late Bishop Lambuth. HiB tion to any organic union comprising father was a Confucianist and his anything that involves a lowering of mother a Buddhist, but he did- not in Biblical standards in faith, or an ac- his youth receive any religious train- knowledgment of the invalidity Iof ing except that in a Christian non-conformist ordination and sacra- Sunday-school. . ments.

Mr. Newton Jones, a missionary of the British Sunday School Union, who Methodist Gains on Foreign Field A is visiting America to conduct evan- TOTAL of 697,436 native Chris- tians make up the Christian comgelistic meetings in the Sundayschools, reported increased interest in munity under the care of the Meththe evangelistic work among children' odist Episcopal Church in various in Great Britain. mission lands, according to reports NORTH AMERICA for 1920 just received and compiled by the Board of Foreign Missions.

The Pan Presbyterian Council This makes an increase of 60,042 T HE Eleventh Council of the" Alli- Christians during the year 1920, ance of Reformed Churches hold- compared with the previous twelve ing the Presbyterian System" met in month period. The total baptisms- adults and children-were 59,088. Pittsburgh, Pa., September 16 to 25. The president was the venerable Rev. There was an increase of 566 William Park, D.D., of Belfast, Ire- Sunday-schools and 46,801 scholars land and the five hundred delegates during the year. On all mission fields represented nearly 40,000,000 mem- the Methodist Board has 2,752 bers or adherents of thirty-two churches, an increase of 123. India branches of Presbyterian and Re- and Burma are the most fruitful fields formed Churches of America, the for evangelism. The Christian com- European continent, the British Isles munity there numbers 385,410.

and other lands. In North America The contributions of church mem- there are 3,287,494 members of these bers on the foreign field in 1920 churches; in the United Kingdom amounted to $4,077,992, more than 1,654,219; in Europe 2,010,999, and double that of 1919.

in Asia, Africa, South America and The Biblical Seminary Australia about 1,000,000 more. The T HE Bible Teachers Training School at 541 Lexington Avenue, last meeting of the Alliance was in New York, of which Dr. W. W. White is president, has changed its name to 1913 in Aberdeen, Scotland, the war the "Biblical Seminary in New York." When founded in 1900 the having interfered with holding the regular meeting four years ago.

The Council is not a rfeoprrecsoenfnetarteinvce~ legislative body but is

institution 'was called the "Bible school was the review of a Negro Teachers College." Since the main text-book by a prominent Negro work of the school is with graduate woman of Washington.

students preparing for the ministry, for mission fields and for religious An Unusual Celebration N education, it has long been felt EW YORK City's East Side witnessed an unusual demonthat this name was misleading. The board of regents of the state has now stration on September 20, the anni- granted the change of name, and the versary of the overthrow of the Pope's school will develop more fully its de- temporal power by GeneralCadorna.

partments of theology and graduate At that time the General sent into study. the city before his troops a goat cart Baptist International Seminary bearing a Bible and a placard, stating that the Bible was the weapon which T HE formal opening of the Inter- would destroy superstition. To cele- national Baptist Seminary at East brate this event a parade was formed, Orange, N. J., took place on October led by the pastor of the Jefferson 12. The dedicatory address was given Park Italian Methodist Church, and by Dr. Charles L. White, of the Bap- portions of Scripture in Italian were tist Home Mission Society. An inter- given out to ten thousand individuals. esting feature of the program was the singing of psalms by eleven Russian Christian Advocate.

students who are here to begin train- Jewish Evangelization ing for the ministry. These men were I N the evangelistic work for Jews in taken prisoners by the Germans early America, the Presbyterian Board in the war, and remained in detention of Home Missions employs thirteen camps from three to four years. workers, four ordained ministers and ·nine women missionaries, in five This international seminary now fields-Baltimore, Philadelphia, Newconsists of six departments-Czecho- alk, Brooklyn and Chicago. The great Slovak, Italian, Hungarian, Polish, need in all of these fields is suitable Roumanian and Russian.

Sympathy for Koreans buildings. Yet in spite of handicaps and Jewish opposition during the T HE following resolutions were year 1921, twenty-one Jews and Jew- adopted at a meeting of the esses confessed conversion and the Woman's Interdenominational Mis- workers report a number of inquirers sionary Union of the District of at the present time. The following Columbia on October 8, 1921, and resolution was adopted by the Comwere sent to President Harding and mittee on Jewish Evangelization: to the Foreign Relations Committee of the United States Senate: "That we continue to keep be- fore ourselves as a committee the Resolved, That we are in sympathy with necessity of evangelistic work among the people of Korea in their aspirations the Jews, which from the first has for the restoration of their independence; been our aim, and that we express that we condemn the atrocities committed our desire that work for the Jews may against the Christian R;orean people, the as soon as possible be commenced in evidence of which is so overwhelming as to New York in some adequate way, as call for open and vigorons protest from all well as in other cities." The spiritual Christian people. side of the work is especially empha- Resolved, It is onr conviction that the Korean sitnation should receive the atten- tion of the International Conference in sized by this committee.

Washington.

The fourth annual School for Mis- Newspaper for Negroes A sionary Instruction was held in FEW years ago the circulation of the Chicago Defender, a daily Washington under the auspices of this Union. An interesting feature of the for American Negroes, was so small

~1] NEWS FROM MANY

that the entire output could be car- New "Presbytery of the South" ried under the arm of its owner and publisher, Robert S. Abbott. At A NEW presbytery was organized present the circulation is 175,01)0, and in Mexico last June by the Synod it is still growing. Mr. Abbott is a of Mexico. The boundaries coincide graduate of Hampton Institute and with the territory assigned the South- Kent College of Law in Chicago. The ern Presbyterian Church in Mexico, loyal support given the Defender by and lies near the Pacific Ocean, in the people of all classes is a tribute to his southwestern section. It is a very ferperseverance. tile country, comprising about 52,000 square miles and more than 2,000,000 Canadian Mission Growth inhabitants. Six ordained Mexican ministers and three ruling elders were T HE Presbyterian Church in Can- the charter members. ada has the largest number of representatives in its history in its Migrant Missionary Service eleven foreign mission fields, viz.: carrying on evangelistic, educational, CIGARETTE manufacturers in medical, literary and industrial work. The number sent during 1921 totals . Mexico employ some one to read 32, viz.: 11 ordained men, 10 wives to the workers as they go through and 11 unmarried ·women. their daily round. An adaptation of this idea was urged at a recent con- LATIN AMERICA ference on work for Spanish-speaking people in America. The plan consists Y. M. C. A. Work in Porto Rico of llsing a Ford truck containing mov- ing picture machine, a baby organ and I N San Juan, Porto Rico, the Young a camping equipment for the mission- Men's Christian Association has aries. The program, apart from the 628 members. Last year more than movies, would be educational and in- 14,000 took advant.age of the facilities spirational. One of the missionaries for physical exercise; 2,046 attended should be a reader, for it is impossible the educational classes and nearly 300 to give tracts to these people who canmen enjoyed the homelike comfort of not read. The missionaries can visit the dormitories. The people of San the various small groups on the Juan showed their appreciation by ranches or farms for several evenings contributing over $5,000 toward the and then move on to the next point. current expenses. This plan of open-air IDinistry is in some respects similar to the plan of Students in Porto Rico Jesus when He ministered to the mi- grants in much the same climate of T HE Union Evangelical Seminary Palestine. It is hoped to send back to of Porto Rico enrolled 150 stu- old Mexico these ambassadors in overdents last year in its correspondence alls to say that they have been becourse, the first year this course was friended when across the border. offered. The students registered from several South American countries, Christian Work. from Mexico, Cuba, Santo Domingo and California, as well as from Porto CENTRAL AMERICA Rico. Three in One in Central AlIlerica The seminary closed its second year as a union institution last June, and T HE amalgamation of Guatemala, graduated five students, two of whom Honduras and Salvador into one are already in settled pastorates. Gos- republic hm brought a new federation pel teams have gone out to different into existence in Latin America. The sections of the island, under the direc- capital of this new republic is tion of one of the professors. Tegucigalpa. Its popUlation is about 4,000,000 and its area about 100,000 square miles. The federation was to

have included Costa Rica, but the de Janeiro. The convention in national assembly of that nation re- Brazil is considered by educational jected the proposal by one vote. leaders to mark a new era in the de- Nicaragua was also invited into the velopment of Sunday-school work in combination, but there are certain dif- that vast country, where the Bible has ferences of interpretation relative to not been an open book. There is a the terms of the Bryan-Chamorro growing consciousness on the part of treaty touching the rights of the evangelical leaders of all denomina- United States in the proposed Nica- tions of the supreme place which re- raguan Canal that interfered. The ligious education through the Sunday- champions of the Greater Central school must have in the life of the .America movement hope that both of Christian Church, if the latter is to these nations will enter the federation make progress against the tremendous ultimately. If that is done the bound- forces which oppose it.

ary of the new republic will extend The statistics of Sunday-school from the Mexican line on the north work in Brazil presented at the to the Panaman line on the south, and World's Convention in Tokyo gave include everything except British an enrolment of 57,000 officers, teach- Honduras. The organization of this ers and pupils in its 1,300 Sunday- new central government fulfils the schools, an increase of about 250 per aspirations of nearly a century and cent during the seven years since the it is hoped that a new day has dawned World's Convention in Zurich. Rep- for this section of the world. resentatives of these schools to the VVork for South ~eriean Indians number of 138 registered delegates came together in Rio for this Fifth T HE first three Protestant churches National Convention. The object was and a Bible School for training to consider the means for the greater native evangelists have been estab- development of the work. .Among lished among the Guaranis in Para- the delegates were 27 pastors, 34 guay by the Inland South .America superintendents, 44 teacheTs, 13 Mission. .Also, the first three Prot- school secretaries and 20 pupils. Five estant churches have been planted in Protestant denominations were repnortheast Argentina, and the first resented and the delegates came from among the Indians in Brazil at eight different states of the Federal Bananal. Medical work at each of Union. In addition to the delegates these stations has been a means of registered, the sessions were attended salvation to many of the patients. by large numbers of visitors, the at- The great Indian district in the tendance at several of the evening northwest Matto Grosso, Brazil, is still sessions taxing the capacity of the waiting for the Gospel. This territory church which seats nearly 1,000. The contains numerous tribes scattered pastor is Rev. .Alvaro dos Reis. over an area of 800,000 square miles –equal to all of France, Spain, Nor- EUROPE way, Sweden and Japan, or seven Mission Share Plan T times the size of Great Britain. HE Mission Share Plan of the Preparations are under way to Church Missionary Society aims to open a station among the Bororo In- increase the opportunity for service dians before the beginning of the of the workers at home. This plan coming year. encourages their acceptance of re- National Sunday-sehool Convention sponsibility for supporting a definite in Brazil share of work in the 550 stations on the foreign field. .Anything that T HE Fifth National Sunday-school binds the home churches with a par- Convention of Brazil was held in ticular part of the field deepens the the First Presbyterian Church of Rio sense of partnership. The cost of

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

maintaining the stations is divided Fifty Years of the MeAll Mission into shares of £5 each, and those at home by taking up one or more shares FIFTY years ago Robert W. are more closely linked with the mis- McAIl, an Englishman, began his sionaries and the Society's general ministry in France. The record of fund is assured. achievements of the McAlI Mission is written in thousands of regenerated Reform in Training of Ministers lives from the English Channel to the Italian border. In most of the T HE students of New College, Edin- larger cities of France there stand burgh have addressed a memoran- the Mission's establishments, nearly dum to the Assembly'8 Foreign Mis- a million peasants have heard Christ's sion Committee of the United Free Message from the pulpits of chapel Church of Scotland, on the supply boats, and brotherhood centers have and preparation of missionaries, grown into strongholds from which pointing out that the present theo- spiritual influences have radiated logical course is framed on the as- into homes, schools, factories and sumption that the students are going farms. into the ministry at home. Missionaries taking the theological course Eight vacation colonies and an receive no specialized instruction, and orphan home have been added remedical missionaries receive no theo- cently to the equipment, to the untold logical training. They recommend physical and spiritual growth of the that such subjects as hygiene, tropical undernourished children of post-war diseases, etc., be introduced in the France. A great campaign conducted curriculum. They also recommend by one of the most eloquent sons of that Hebrew be optional except for the Mission, in joint direction with those who intend to go as mission- the Societe Centrale, is covering aries to the Jews. They recommend France, awakening churches to a forthe teaching of missionary history, merly unknown service, under the but omit the specialized study of grand, old Huguenot name, La Cause. church history. Christian Express. Over one hundred students are pre- paring for special Christian work in Revival of Religion in Britain the School for Young Evangelists. .As the Director of the Mission has A RENEWED interest in religion said: is evident from reports of Nonconformist churches in Great Britain. "It is more and -more evident that The Scottish Kirks have added more the present time is particularly favorthan 50,000 members, and the most able for evangelization, and that it is encouraging fact about it is that un- the duty of the McAll Mission to usually large numbers of young peo- double its efforts to accomplish even ple are among them. Wesleyan Meth- better the holy task that God has given her." Fifty thousand dollars, odists for the first time in a decade $1,000 for each year of its history, are able to report an increase rather the Mission is asking to be presented at the Jubilee commemoration in than a decline. English Methodists Paris next June. are showing enthusiasm for their reli- Movement Toward Protestantism gious enterprises, and moving toward union among branches of Methodism. T HERE was a widespread observ- Baptists have had an old-fashioned ance in Czecho-Slovakia in June sweep of spiritual power in an eastern of the 300th anniversary of the village, and a thousand persons have execution of twenty-seven Protestant noblemen by Hapsburg Catholics. professed a change of heart. In a This took the form of a nation-wide denouncement of Rome for complicity time when the churches have felt prolonged discouragement these evidences of religious awakening will strengthen their faith. Congregationalist.

in the downfall of the Czech nation. Eighty per cent of the Jewish chil- Back of the political demonstration dren in Palestine are being educated there is a spontaneous religious move- in Hebrew schools, while the other ment away from Rome, and Protest- 20 per cent attend either Jewish ant leaders are bending every energy schools not supervised by the Zionists to meet the situation. and in which Hebrew is not the lan- guage of instruction, or schools con- A theological seminary has been ducted by the missionary societies. established in Prague and now has The Zionists spent 103,000 English twenty students. Laymen are assist- pounds during the past year on eduing the ministers by devoting their cation, which amounts to nine pounds time to lecturing on Protestantism, per capita. This is a very high rate expounding the Bible and preaching. of expenditure as compared with Every minister is preaching in a ha1£- other countries. The parents are dozen places and holding services in contributing less than 10 per cent of relays to accommodate the crowds. the budget. In at least twenty towns where Protestant constituencies of 5,000 or At the end of September, 8,000 more each have sprung up in the last Jewish immigrants had settled in few months there is no church build- Palestine since the beginning of the ing available. Services must be held year. in rented halls, saloons, barns or out in the open air. The CzechS' are es- Christian Alliance Plans sentially Protestant and from the days of Huss have never ceased to protest T HE Christian and Missionary Alliagainst Roman abuses. ance has recently purchased a site for a boarding school in Palestine. MOSLEM LANDS A gift of $10,000 has been received for a Jewish mission building in Christian Conference in Palestine Jerusalem. The mission at Hebron was reopened in September, although A T the Friends' Boys School at no resident missionary is available for Ram Allah, Palestine, ten miles it. The Alliance has partitioned the north of Jerusalem, from September Trans-Jordan territory with the 7 to 11 was held a Conference for the Church Missionary Society. deepening of the spiritual life of the native mission workers of the country. Education for Persian Wom.ell It was the first conference of the kind held in the land, and the attendance T HERE is in Persia an increasing and interest far surpassed expecta- desire for educated womanhood. tions. The general subject was Time was when parents were glad to "Witnessing for Christ." Consider- be rid of little girls, and willingly ation was given to the best ways to sold them for two, three or five dolwitness among the native Christian lars. Today, there is an industrial population, to the Moslems and to boarding school, training 335 girls, the Jews. Those present were im- and more than double the number pressed that the great need of all are eager to be admitted. The graduclasses was that there should be living ates are filling positions of importwitnesses throughout the land. ance.

A. EDw. KELSEY. There are 4,600 Mohammedan girls being supported, their tuition being Jewish Immigrants in Palestine. provided for by the Government, and some of them are making themselves T HE Zionist Organization is now of account in the East; but a thirst maintaining ninety-six schools and for education is not only an encourhas under supervision thirty-two agement, it is also a menace, for if more schools. These schools have these women are educated and have 12,740 pupils and 564 teachers.

N1TIWS FROM MANY LANDS

not the love {Jf Christ in their hearts, and freeing you of your disease. Bethey may prove a menace. Hundreds cause he is here, you are here. But of French and Russian books are be- for him these nurses, these medical ing translated, and are making helpers, the comforts of this hospital atheists and agnostics. Christian would not be at your disposaL He teachers ,are greatly needed. is worth knowing, He is worthy of your faith. Believe in him and accept MRs. H. C. SCHULER. him and you will find a two-fold life- the saving of body and souL" INnIA The Continent. Manifesto on Church Union Telugn Woman's Soeiety T HE following statement is an ex- pression of Indian Christian opin- T ELUGU Baptist women of South ion as to the union of the South India organized a home mission so- Indian United Church and the ciety last April in Nellore. Nearly Church of England in South India: every mission station was represented, Since the jubilee of the American The fundamental unity of all believers in Baptist Women's Society was being Ohrist is a truth that is fully acknowledged celebrated this year, the Telugu womby and deeply rooted in the Indian Ohris- en made a united effort to gather and tian mind, and any movement intended to present a thanl:-offering in appreciagive expression to that unity cannot but tion of benefits received by the women meet with the general approval and support of India. Many men gave in the name of Indian Ohristians, It is also felt that of their wives, school children conin the interests of the further progress of tributed a share of garden profits and the Kingdom of God in this land, a full all contributed toward a final sum of recognition of the unity and spiritual equal- 500 rupees-the Jubilee gift to the ity of the different denominations is highly American Society. " necessary. Intemperance Among Gonds It has to be noted, however, that the negotiations that are being carried on to T HE Gonds, an aboriginal race in effect the union of the Ohurches proceed on Central India, are almost entirely the basis that the adoption of a uniform illiterate, with little or no desire to be system of Ohurch government is a condition otherwise, Coupled with this is their precedent to such unity. This attitude does intemperance, which has reduced the not faithfully reflect the Indian Christian race to the most abject condition. mind. The vast majority of Indian Christian laymen and even clergymen feel that Private distilling is strictly forbidthe existing denominational differences den by the government, but the flower should not be allowed to hinder in any way from which the Gond secretly distils a full realization of Christian feltowship, his liquor grows in rich abundance, and would gladly welcome the immediate and the vessels needed are neither nuintroductiou of intercommunion, interchange merous nor costly, so that drunkenof pulpits and intercelebration of the sac- ness has every opportunity to flourish. raments, notwithstanding the existence of Beside their daily potations, a large these differences. quantity of liquor is an essential ele- ment in their religious rites. No fes- It is therefore desired that, in the inter- tival can be held in the forest or vilests of the free and natural development lage in honor of their deities, no birth, of the Indian Ohurch, larger schemes of marriage, or" death can take place in organizational uriity should be deferred till their families without an excessive inindependent Indian Ohristian opinion makes dulgence in ardent spirits. Their acts such a demand, and that attempts should be of worship invariably end in intoxicamade or introduce intercommunion, inter- tion. It would be an exaggeration to change of pulpits and intercelebration say that no Christian Gond drinks, without delay. yet it is certain that the great major- Making Christ Known at Miraj DR W. J. WANLESS, of the Miraj Hospital in South India, is sometimes asked by his patients: "Who was Jesus Christ?" He always replies: "He who built this hospital. He who is relieving you of your pain

ity are either total abstainers or drink museum, a department of research, but little, while the number of those and a bureau of extension work.

who have failed to break away entire- Record of Christian Work.

ly from drunkenness is very small in- Bible Students in Hunan deed.

Lepers and the Gospel T HE Hunan Bible Institute at Changsha, during the past year, WITHOUT THE CAMP has the had fifty.five men and twenty-six following story of a group of in, women students. These students have mates in a leper asylum of India. come from five provinces and eleven These sufferers came to the superin. different missions. In addition to the tendent, Rev. J. Noble Mackenzie, and local work of the school, there are 117 said that inasmuch as they had bene· evangelists at work in nine different fited so much physically and spiritual- lands. It is hoped that a newly orly by their stay in the asylum, and ganized band, number 10, may begin there were so many that needed help work in the fall. more than they now did, they wished to be allowed to go out for from four From the first of October, 1920, to to six months to beg their food from the end of March, 1921, 120,935 place to place, while they proclaimed homes were visited and the following to those whom they met the good news number of books and tracts were given of salvation through Christ. In this to those interested: 48,569 Testaments way those who could be admitted in and Gospels, and 164,486 books comtheir places for that time could get the piled from the Scriptures with brief same treatment for their bodies and annotations, thus making a total of their souls that had done so much for 213,055 books practically all Scripthe others. ture. In addition to these, over 166,- 000 explanatory tracts were given They were given certificates which with the books, and about 11,000 Goswould guarantee their readmission at pel posters were pasted up in cona specified time, and all returned high- spicuous places. ly pleased with the success of their China's Millions.

experiment. This summer a still Christian Perseverance T larger number, fired with the same HE last report of the English Presbyterian Church mentions a zeal, wished to go out in this way, and the usual certificates were granted little Christian community in Yung- until the asylum committee asked that chum, which has had only an oc- no more be given, as there would not casional visit from a native preacher, be enough men left to do the necessary yet they meet together, read the Bible housework and to care for the helpless and hymns (they cannot sing) and ones. pray. Last year their leader died, and this year his brother also died, CHINA but the sons are carrying on the work Brown University in Shanghai as best they can.

A SCHOOL of Sociology in connec- Gifts from Chinese tion with the Yangtzepoo social DING.RAE, a city of about 40,000 center of Shanghai College is proposed people, is a Baptist mission staby Brown University. The budget calls tion in the Ningpo field. About three years ago, Baptists in West Virginia for $20,000 for permanent equipment subscribed $23,000 for the developand $8,200 for annual expenses. The ment of the schools at Ding-hae, and this resulted in stirring the Chinese plan contemplates a staff of one to undertake a local campaign for Brown professor, a Chinese associate funds to supplement this. Chinese trained in America, and assistants for instruction; a sociological library, a

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

citizens thus' added $42,000, but still ental nations, but such subjects as not satisfied, some representative the history of English literature, the business men proposed to devote the principles of sociology, the outline of annual income of certain property, ethics, the history of pedagogy, amounting to $15,000 a year, to the political economy, mental diseases, and support of the school. biology.

Hearing of what had been done at Bishop Tucker believes that the Ding-hae, some Chinese gentry at Christian Church in Japan should Ningpo proposed to cooperate with also send picked men to the Imperial the Baptist mission in the support of University as a regular part of the school facilities of a high grade in educational program. Ningpo. They went so far as to inquire whether American missions The Living Church. would subscribe $250,000 Mexican, if an equal amount were provided in Seeking Wealth in Osaka Ningpo, to equip a hospital, boys' academy and girls' school, under {{ Thousands of Osaka devotees throng Christian auspices. shrine seeking wealth. Pilgrims break holes in wall so that Ebisu may hear shouts of Episcopal Growth in Japan worship and bring them fortune during year. " T HE Protestant Episcopal Church in Japan now has practically the Such were the headlines in a same number of bishops and about Japanese newspaper. The inforhalf the number of clergy and com- mation followed that 70,000 devotees municants that the Church in the called on the god before noon on United States had a hundred years January 10, imploring him to bring ago. It is definitely a working church. them riches during the coming year, There are now 28,000 baptized per- while even a larger number went to sons nearly 12,000 communicants and the main shrine of Ebisu in the rich 145 'native clergy. Among the build- industrial section of Osaka. ings there are 127 churches, 84 mission halls and 70 boarding and day Swarms of people brought wooden schools. mallets, to break small holes in the wooden walls of the shrine. To these There was a marked increase in the holes they put their mouth and contributions per capita from 1918 to shouted; "Ebisu, mairimashita 1920. This was $5, $5.50 and $9. (Ebisu, I have come to worship you)," for Ebisu is a slightly deaf The Living Church. god, and cannot hear the low mut- terings deep in the throat which are Buddhist and Christian Education used before the shrines of other gods.

BISHOP TUCKER of Kyoto points c. M. S. Bulletin. out that the Buddhists are giving their candidate priests a much Reaching Korean Villages more thorough scholastic training than Christians are giving. to theological A TERRITORIAL division of recandidates in Japan. In addition to sponsibility among Presbyterians the men who study in thelle Buddhist and Methodists, North and South, in universities and theological schools Korea was agreed upon early in the they are sending a large number of history of the Mission. The central their men through the imperial uni- section was assigned to the Southern versities. Methodist Church and they have re- cently published a survey of their A list of subjects taught in Bud- field. Outside the cities they have a dhist institutions includes not only the rural population of 1,108,000 people, study of the history, literature and living in 2,003 villages. In 1919 philosophy of J~pan and other Ori- Christian groups were organized in 225 of these villages, but only 29 of these had schools.

Centenary efforts in 1920 resulted furnishes is most encouraging. With in 8,000 new believers being added to its rapid development, the black race the Church. Korean missionaries and is gaining in determination to assert native workers go from village to vil- itself, and future results will depend lage, making known the Gospel mes- upon proper leadership. sage. United Free Church Record.

Atheism in Schools Queen of Nalolo Converted A MISSIONARY of the Southern MISSIONARIES in Zambesi are Presbyterian Church, writing from Kwangju, Korea, says that 1 rejoicing in the conversion of atheism and gross materialism are the Mokwae, queen of Nalolo and sister of basis of the teaching in the public the late King Lewanika. In January schools in Korea, under Japanese the queen asked some of the missioncontrol. In its course on morals, the aries to come to the royal house, saypublic school system directs all its ing: energies against Christianity. The writer gives the following incidents: "For a long time I have said to myself that I ought to follow Ishee " A few days ago while out preach- [her husband] in the way of God, ing with my helper we stopped to and I have decided to follow him." speak to a young man who is a student in the public school for Koreans. The When asked what had brought her conversation was brought to an abrupt to this decision she said that it was halt by the young man's supercilious hearing M. Coillard tell them to turn remark, 'Why should I believe in to God, Creator of men. On Sunday, God ¥ There is no God.' When asked February 20, she made her profession if he did not realize that he had a of faith in church, and at the close of suul, he replied, 'I have a mind and service she rose and said, with deep my mind is the only God I know.' emotion: My helper then proceeded to bale oilt the shallow learning, the few parroted "I believe! I belong to God! I phrases he had acquired, and the boy belong to the Kingdom! May God became so confused that he said, 'I pardon my sins; they are numerous, cannot talk any more now, I will have and great! All of you, believe!" to ask my teacher about such things.' So we left him, a pitiful example of The missionary in charge of the the type of education given in the service then urged Queen Mokwae's public schools of Korea today. He subjects to continue to honor her, and is but one of thousands, whose agnos- serve her even more faithfully, after ticism bears the glaring stamp, which the church members stood and 'Made in Japan.' " sang the hymn: "Sing heavenly angels, it's a day of joy." Christian Observer. Recor~ of Christian Work. AFRICA Persecution in Nigeria Africans in Congress CHRISTIANS in Nigeria have suf- T HE Pan-African Congress which fered persecution from time to met recently in London and on timc::, but never so severely as during the Continent was significant in that the past year, when the heathen drove its members were professors, barris- them from their houses, forbade them ters, journalists, medical men and to buy in the market, and practically minIsters, some of whom are the organized a boycott. The festival of products of mission work. The prom- the idol Odo is observed annually in ise of unity and cooperation in aim the Awka distri;;t, and heathen parand action which such a gathering ents flogged their sons and daughters if they would not renounce their Christian faith and join in the wor- ship of Odo. It seems that the hea- then chiefs of some of these towns are

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

doing their utmost to banish Chris- ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC tianity from their midst. An African pasto~ goes from place to place, en- Church Union at the Antipodes couraging and caring for these sorely tried converts. CHURCH union is making head- way- in New Zealand. Presby- New Mission for Tsi-mi-hety Tribe terians and Congregationalists are negotiating for union, and Episco- T HE London Missionary Society palians are conciliatory. A New plans to establish a new station in Zealand newspaper recommends a the northern part of Madagascar Federated Council for the whole of among thc Tsi-mi-hety tribe-a name the Dominion. meaning "those who do not cut their hair. " Contrary to an almost uni- In Tasmania a meeting of Anglican versal custom of the Malagasy, they and Free Church ministers has been do not shave their heads as a sign of held with a prospect of a cooperative mourning for the death of a chief. organization. This tribe is said to approach more nearly to Europeans, in appearance Devil Worshipers in Borneo and mentality, than most other Malagasy. It is possible that they have a A CURIOUS tribe of people, the distinct European strain from the Dusuns, occupy a section of presence of English and French pi- British North Borneo, and are abrates in Madagascar during the 17th sorbed in devil worship. A missioncenturv. The tribe numbers about ary says of them: 45,OOO~ Like all heathen Malagasy their custom has been to kill children "Their religion consists of pacifyborn on the first day of the unlucky ing the devil. Priestesses speak an month, Alakaosy, and also those born odd tongue not to be understood; on Wednesday of each week. devils are kept in jars, urns, hollow trees, etc., and sacrifices are made to The deputation sent by the L. M. S. them. These women priests maintain report this people as "intelligent, ro- that they see them and can converse bust and aggressive." It is hoped with them. The devils only eat 'the that the new station will be opened Spirit' of the offerings, and Madam within a year, with headquarters at Priestess the 'body.' the chief town, Mandritsara. "The Dusuns believe in a 'God' who L. M. S. Chronicle. has two others to help him (a wife and a son), life after death with pun- Flourishing Mission School ishment or reward, and immortality of the souL" T HE Duke Town Boys' School near Calabar, West Africa, is one of Catholic Missions. the largest of its kind on the mission field. The number on the roll varies OBITUARY from 1,200 to 1,500, but the buildings are adequate and the staff is well or- Ml'S. Underwood, of Korea ganized, so that there is no impression of crowding. Mr. Hart, the head- ON October 29th, Lillias Horton master, is a Jamaican, and began the Underwood, widow of the late Dr. school eighteen years ago with a small Horace G. Underwood, of Korea, died number of boys. The remarkable in the citv of Seoul. Mrs. Underwood progress of the school is largely due was one 'of the first Protestant misto him. sionaries to enter Korea. She went out as a medical missionary, in 1888, Teaching is given in English be- under the Presbyterian Board of Forcause of the great variety of languages eign Missions. She was for some years spoken by the boys. physician to the Queen, and, after her marriage to Dr. Underwood, con- tinued her medical work.

Mrs. Underwood is the author of "Life of Horace G. Underwood."

MISSIONAllY

History of the William Taylor Self- women sailed under the care of their Sicuap. p orting Missions in South Amer- Trans.lt and BU·lld·mg Fund Society, By Goodsil F. Arms. Illustrated. to be followed later and during the years by many others. 263 pp. New York, Cincinnati. Meth.

odist Book Concern. $2 net. 1921.

"William Taylor-Ambassador of This strategic work of winning Christ to Five Continents" was a persons of standing through their "Flaming Torch" and an inspirer children was likewise about the only of men, especially if they were already way in which self-support could have Christians. This volume shows the been expected. A fine group of Methodist hero in South America, schools of higher grade for girls and where he had difficulties and limita- others for boys and young men had tions placed upon him that he did not been fully and permanently estab- meet in Africa, India or Australia. lished, when in 1903, various circum- How he met these obstacles in stances led the Methodist Board South America we learn from these to undertake their support and care.

chapters. Having previously been The volume is made less interesting wonderfully blessed in his ministra- by the very fact that, like the Mission tions in the three lands just men- itself, self-support calls for frequent tioned, Bishop Taylor did not, references to the material side of Alexander-like, weep for more worlds maintainin,g the Mission's finaniCial to conquer; he simply stepped forth existence. When the author tu.rns to do his part to win South America from the financial to the educational for evangelical Christianity. From and evangelistic sides of the enter- Panama he proceeded southward and prise the wheels are apt to be creak- left behind him along South Amer- ing, with too little mention of the ica's western coast a line of se1£- spirit within the wheels. Bishop Tay- supporting schools which were in- lor was not bhoiomkseislflemaguucehsinapeavritdefnrcoe~ so that the tended to become centers of Christian life and knowledge. His pou sto was the account of the same man when the place where he could find a group he was the Flaming Torch of South of foreigners who desired some place Africa. A book on the spiritual where their children could be edu- aspects of Methodist work in South cated and properly cared for; his America needs to be written by deeper desire was to make these Bishop Oldham, perhaps.

schools the nuclei for future churches, The Christian Movement in Japan, Korea and to supply object-lessons in godly and Formosa. A Year Book of living. When he had aroused the Christian Work. Ninetee:v.th Annual necessary interest, he signed contracts to supply proper teachers. In Issue. Robert Cornell Armstrong ediless than seven months he returned to teorra.tioInV,of42.6C~, ricsltxivainii pp. $2.00' Fed- Missions, Tokyo, Japan. MISSIOnary Education Move.

the States in search of the force to ment, New York, 1921.

meet his contracts in seven such cen- Where else can the reader find ters. He had also aroused sufficient packed into 600 pages such a mass of interest in seven Latin American material illuminating the conditions cities to call for preachers-a re- of last year in Japan, the rising markable six months' work under. Power of the Far East Y With the very difficult conditions. In two help of many collaborators, Doctor months more, five omen and as many .Armstrong has produced a volume 980 which excels in many respects any of material is equal to the very best and the preceding issues of a most im- most interesting articles in the MIS- portant work. It is the Christian SIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD.

"Statesman's Year Book" of Japan.

Unlike the British Year Book, how- NEW BOOKS ON MISSIONS ever, the material in this volume is Rural Social Organization. By Edwin L. not repeated year after year, but we Earp. 12mo. 144 pp. $1.00. The have here a wholly fresh, interesting Abingdon Press, New York, 1921.

and reliable mass of data concerning The Church and the Immigrant. By the Kingdom of God, as well as that Georgia E. Harkness. 12mo. 110 pp. relating to Japan and its depend- $1.00. George H. Doran Company, encies. New York, 1921.

Foreigners or Friends. A Hand-book.

Among the noteworthy contribu- 12mo. 263 pp. Department of Mistions by able specialists are the edi- sions, Protestant Episcopal Church, 281 tor's general review of the year 1920; Fourth Avenue, New York. 1921. the chronicle of important events in contemporary history; Doctor Mur- Sunday School Builders. By John M. Somerndike. 12mo. 152 pp. The Westminster Press, Philadelphia, Pa.

ray's helpful article upon preparation 1921.

for missionary work in Japan; two The Father and His Boy. By T. W. inspiring accounts of the Eighth Galloway. 16mo. 99 pp. $1.00. As- World's Sunday-school Convention of sociation Press, New York, 1921. last October; a general discussion of educational work during the year, Hand-book of Social Resources of the United States. 8vo. 300 pp. $1.00. American Red Cross. 1921.

including work for Japanese young An Introduction to Missionary Service. men and women; Doctor Mackenzie's By G. A. Golloek. 12mo. 164 pp. comprehensive and exceedingly satis- 3s 6d. Oxford University Press. 1921. factory setting forth of the Japanese Church, unequalled in any other Training World Christians. By Gilhert Loveland. $1.25 net. Methodist Book Coucern, New York and Cineinnati.

twenty pages known to the reviewer; 1921.

wonderful leaves from the lives of The Primacy of the Missionary and Other Addresses. By Archibald Me· eminent Japanese Christians, as re- Lean. 329 pp. $2.50. Christian corded by Doctor Umbreit's visual- Board of Publication, St. Louis, Mo. izing pen; the chapters upon eco- 1920. nomic and sociologic activities, sure The Jews of Eastern Europe. By J. H. to attract business men and all in- Adeney. 12mo. 94 pp. $1.40. The terested in sociology; reports of or- Macmillan Company, New York, 1921.

ganizations carrying on every variety The Hebrew-Christian Messiah. By A. of mission work, suited for those Lukyn Williams. Society for the Promospeaking upon such organizations in tion of Christian Knowledge, London. the church prayer-meetings; tributes 1921. to the lives and labors of those who People of Other Lands. By Edith A. How. Ill. 92 pp. $0.40. The Mac- entered into their heavenly service millan Company, New York. 1921.

last year; pages from the growth of Chief Men Among the Brethren. By Hy the Kingdom in Formosa, practically Pickering. 16mo. 240 pp. 3s 6d. an unknown field to all in America, Pickering & Inglis, London. 1921. except Canadian Presbyterians; a Paul's Letters. No.3. By D. J. Burrell. 12mo. 167 pp. $1.25. $3.25 for set hundred pages of live information of three. American Tract Society. from Korea, the martyr land of 1921. progress and inspiration. William M. Morrison. T. C. Vinson. The appendices and directories 12mo. 201 pp. $0.75. Presbyterian Committee of Publication, Richmond, which conclude the volume are indis- Va. 1921.

pensable for Far Eastern missionaries, The Story of a Mashonaland Boy. Told and valuable for American specialists. by Himself. Pamphlet. 12mo. 23 pp. Much of this valuable and informing $0.15. The Macmillan Company, New York. 1921. You Are Not Experimenting when you enroll for a Moody Bible Institute Correspondence Course. These courses have been tested to entire satisfaction by thousands of students, including a large number of clergymen well qualified to judge their value. What some of these clergymen say is given below. '

SYNTHETIC COURSE BIBLE DOCTRINE COURSE Synthetic Bible study I enjoy the work very much a.nd am getting more out has been a wonderful of it than any Bible study I ever pursued, not excepting blessing in deepening my work in college.-An Ohio pastor, my interest in the Scriptures, in deepen- It is a wonderful help and I thank God from the bot. ing my spiritua.l life, tom of my heart. It is beneficial to me and therefore and in increasing the must be to those who listen to me.-A Canadian pastor. power of my ministry. -An Oregon pastor. I have been more than pleased with the Bible study. It has been full of prayer meeting topics and sermon I can truthfully say material. I highly recommend it to all who have not that these studle. taken it.-An Oklahoma pastor. have been a. delight and & blessing to me, I was not able to take a theological course at a sem. revealing anew the Inary but when I was ordained I passed a rigid exam. depth and harmony of the Inspired Word of ~b~!ri~lnla~:!r~ ~h~::;~ t?e ~~~~::s i:PD!crri~:.~l: God.-A Hlssour! pas· tor. Iowa pastor. Five other courses are offered besides the three D£AN JAMJ<S M. GRAY, D.D. I am receiving a. Author of the Synthetic Course. great deal of good named above. They are: BIBLE CHAPTER from the Synthetic SPURMACMTAIRCYA,LINCTHRROIDSTUICATNORWYOBRIKB,LEEVCAONUGRES.LI<~; Bible study. I am giv. ISM, AND CHRISTIAN EVIDENCES, all highly ing it in outline to endorsed by satisfied students. my people at our eve- ning services with a. Men whose lives were shaped by the Bible laid the marked increase in at· founda tions of American freedom. This marvelous tendance. – A Michi- :Book has moulded earth's loftiest characters. It meets gan pastor. ~~:rtse~h:S!n~~~t:nto ;::f~ndef:stf~g ~~~~~s~att r~~ SCOFIELD COURSE veals man's only way of salvation and it is the world's I want to bear testimony to the blessing the course best business book. Dig in it as for gold and you will in Synthetic Study has been to me. In all my nine ~i::.re treasure of value and extent bSl'ond any caleula.- years in the ministry I have not had such help a.nd inspiration from anything. I believe that in the study Truly as President Wilson said, "A man has de~ of the Old Testa.ment alone I have found enough NEW Erived himself of the best there i. in the world who material for sermon and Bible class work to last rna 'B!ble~,~prived himself of intimate knowledge of the five years.-A Nebraska pastor. Nothing Is more needed in America today than Bible :Rev. C. I. Scofield, D.D., a.uthor of the Scofleld Course, study, and for the great majority the most satisfactory wrote, "I am convinced that the correspondence method method is by Correspondence. of Bible study is not merely a fairly good substitute for oral instruction in the Scriptures, but is enormously Don"t Allow Anything better than any oral teaching can possibly be. No one will understand me to undervalue oral teaching of the to cheat you of your wonderful privilege of system- Bible. It has certain evident advantages. But no stu- atically studying the one Book which outweighs in dent can possibly give to the Bible, its form, content value all other books in all the world. and spiritual message, as close a study in oral class work as he must give under the correspondence method, In these trying times men and women who rea.lly if he is to successfully pass the examinations. know God's Word are needed beyond the power of. lan- guage to express, Trained Bible students are in great "I[ore than 2,000 ministers took the study with me. demand. Whether in the home, church, school or the Perhaps the most common testimony a8 to their prog- business world, this training is of inestimable value. ress wa.s an increased faCility a.nd joy in preaching. For no man will ever live long enough to preach half DON'T DELAY of the vital, gripping sermOns in the Bible." You will be n personal pupil-time, place and amount of study under your own control. The prices are low. I look upon the Scofield Course as the best correspond· These courses are not sold for profit. There is no beteuce course I have ever seen.-Superintendent of a ter time to start than NOW. Send the coupon at once Bible Institute. for Free Prospectus describing our eight Courses in detail. In all my thirty·three years in the ministry I bave never enjoyed any study as I have this.-A North MAIL THE COUPON TOD,AY Dakota pastor. .::::::::::r-~:~~:~;"~~~t~~;;~;~~~~~~ spondence Bible Study_ This course, taken in ten months without interfering' Name …….. _… __ . _…………………. . 'With my regular pastoral duties, has proved of ineal.. Address ………. _…………………….. . culable value to me. I expected much, I received far more. I most heartily recommend it to busy ministers and laymen.-A Texas pastor.

!?l~ase mention TH~ MISSIONARY ReVIew OF THE WORI.D in writing to advertisers. Interest Grows with Knowledge Be Informed About Home Missions America's biggest job is "to make and keep America Christian for the redemption of mankind and the friendly service of the world."

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Number Price of each Postpaid Copies ..•… UNFINISHED BUSINESS OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN AMERICA. Mission study book for adults and young people. Fred East- man ………………………………………………………… Cloth 75c Paper 50C …… PLAyING SQUARE WITH TOMORROW. Mission study book for seniors and intermediates. Fred Eastman ………………………………. Cloth 7Sc Paper SOC …… THE CHRISTIAN SPIRIT IN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS. John Mc- dowell …………………………………………………………… r5c •…•. BIGGEST JOB IN AMERICA. General leaflet for free distribution to the con- gregation ………………………………………………………… free …… HOME MISSIONS TO-DAY. W. R. King ……………………………. 5c ……WHO IS YOUR NEIGHBOR? Pictorial Presentation of the Immigrant Prob- lem ……………………………………………………………… 3Sc …•••THE NEIGHBORHOOD HOUSE …………………………………… roc ……TWENTY YEARS IN PORTO RICO. Arthur James …………………. zoe …… MOTANIC: A Ntw KIND OF INDIAN STORy…………………………… Sc …… THE STORY OF WHITE ROCK (Southern Mountains) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . roc …… MISSION NEAREST THE NORTH POLE ………………………….. free …… THE NEW HOME MISSION OF THE CHURCH. W. P. Shriver ……… roc " .. , .ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BOARD OF HOME MISSIONS FOR 1920-21. (One copy to each address.) ………………………………………… free …… INFORMATION REGARDING THE BOARD'S LANTERN SLIDE LEC- TURES …………………………………………………………. free PERIODICALS OUR JEWISH NEIGHBORS (Quarterly) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Per year Soc HOME LANDS (Countfy Church Bi-monthly) ………………………. Per year Soc FULL LIST OF TITLES SENT ON REQUEST Remit by N. Y. draft or P. O. Name ………………………………… .. order, payable to Varian Banks, Address Treasurer.

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Subject to Examination Important ( E P u b l i c a t i o n s PEKING: A SOCIAL SURVEY The Bible has never Sidney D. Gamble been published in any An exhaustive description of the life in the capital of form in which the China in all the intricacy of its old customs and habits. reading 01 it has been made so attractive to Illustrated. 8vo. Net. $5.00 both old and young 8B in the "INTERNA. INDIA: ITS LIFE AND THOUGHT T10NAL" Rev. JoAn P. Jones, D.O.

CHRISTIAN A volume remarkable for its fairnes$, impartiality and in- WORKERS' BIBLE sight. Illustrated. 8vo. Net, $2.00 By an en tirely new FLASH-LIGHTS FROM THE plan, a thread of red SEVEN SEAS Rev. William L. Stidger, D.O. ink. running from Genesis to Revela- Interesting travel·talks of ten countries of the Orient with tion, binds in one all the romance of its enchanting color and atmosphere. harmonious whole each leadingtopic.All OUT WHERE THE WORLD the precious truths which lie hidden BEGINS Abe Cory der the mass of un- connectpd matter and A romance of Tibet, that far country "out on the roof of escape the mere read- the world." Here fate weaves a strange pattern with the er are brought to light lives of three people and another shihing chapter is added and tied together. to the glowing annals of Christian service.

The Rev. Jesse Lyman STREAMS IN THE DESERT Hurlbut, D.O., the pop- ular au thority in Bible J. H. Morrison, M.A. themes, has arranged on this plan Three Thousand A very readable recm"d of a journey to Central Africa, Selected Texts. Nyasaland, northeastern Rhodesia, and the tomb of the PROMINENT PEOPLE'S OPINIONS great Livingstone. Illustrated. 12mo. Net, ,1.50 Wanamaker: Interna- MISSIONARY STORIES FOR ristian Workers' Bible LITTLE FOLKS Margaret T. Applegarth anything hith- FIRST SE:RIE:S-PRIMARY making the Fifty-two brief stories covering the world of Missions, both home and foreign, in a way that will hold the interest able to Chris- of little folks.

endeavor to get SECOND SERIES-JUNIOR teaching of the Bible directly Fifty-two stories which fill a real need for class use and home instruction for the Junior children. Each book: New Edition, Illustrated. 12mo. Net, ,1.75 mediately. and not through the THE NEW MISSIONARY HEROES SERIES FOR YOUNG PEOPLE m of commentaries.

BOIIND IN GENUINR LEATllER. divinity circuit. with overlapping covers (like iJ/ustration). round corners, gold edges, red underneath. Size of page 5?4×8% inches, beautifully printed in extra large Missionary biographies for boys and girls: each volun.e clear type on extra fine prtper; also con tains Lat- an authority on the person dealt with.

est Teachers' to Bible Study. No. I David Livingstone No. 7 Mackay of Uganda No.2 Dr. Wilfred Grenfell No. 8 Gilmour of Mongolia No. 3 Robert Moffat No. 9 Abel of Kwato NO.4 James Chalmers No. 10 Bishop Hannington NO.5 William Carey No. II Heroes of Madagascar No.6 Pandita Ramabai No. 12 John Williams Illustrated. 16mo. Net, e&oh $1.50 THE STORY OF JOHN G. PATON Rev. Jo;mes Paton, D.O.

A new edition of this most famous of all stories of mis- THE JOHN C. sionary adventure for young folks. Thousands of chil- WINSTON CO., dren of this and coming generations will be influenced by PHILADELPHIA. I2mo. .Net, $1.50 its reading. Lures! THE STORY OF THE LIFE OF American Bibl. Pob- MACKAY OF UGANDA MiuMackay lisIaer. ~en~ild~d~}OAf~fc~~e Atoiisci!a:~~ b~o~keeform~hi~d~:~ in Illustrated. r.mo. Net, $1.50 AT YOUR RELIGIOUS BOOKSTORE GEORGE H. DORAN COMPANY NEW YORK Please mention TH~ MISSIONARY RltVI~W OF TllE WORLD in writing to advertisers. A Great Spiritual Hunger in Russia Sorrow, suffering, death and destruction have stricken the smitten people of Russia. No doubt they are suffering for national as well as for individual sins. They are in great need of food and clothing to keep them alive and warm. But their deepest need is spiritual. They need the Gospel of Christ, the message of life and salvation. And multitudes are humbled and are seeking spiritual help.

MISSIONARY MARUSICH writes under date of June 8) I92I: "From different places special messengers are constantly coming, begging me with tears to visit their places and to preach the Gospel to the Russian multitudes. At present I am working in Poland. Thou- sands are turning to Christ! Ever}' Sunday U'e baptize from fifteen to sixty-five souls, or more. The whole of Poland is set on fire for God, the Russian population particularly. The field and the hearts of the people are open for the evangelistic work.

Our greatest need here is in Bibles and New Testaments. If it be possible for you, my dear brother, acquire Bibles and New Testaments as many as possible and send them to me, for the sake of these longing and seeking millions. Whole villages are turning to God, hundreds of them, and there is no spiritual food to feed them upon. There is a need here for many more Missionaries.

You would scarcely believe that from twenty to thirty surrounding villages gather together when u'e have mutings, especially a Baptism service. In such a way we have gatherings of from tuo to four thousand people. To-day I am invited to visit seven different places and to bap- tize the converts there. From this you can judge the need of workers.

The Soviet Authorities place at the disposal of our brethren the largest buildings, railroad trains and horses, so that we might, without hindrance, travel and preach the Gospel of Love. Hundreds of the Red A rmy are turning to God. It seems as if it u'ere the last call of grace, and Russians are responding to this call."

1}lease mentlOn TnE MrSS10NARY Rltvn:w OF' THE VORLD In writing to advertisers. PASTOR IVAN SHILOFF of Petrograd 'writes thus: "Masses of the people are turning to the Lord and almost in every city of Russia there are believers. Multitudes of the people who were deceived by the Popes (priests) and dissatisfied in politics, with great thirst are crying; 'Give us food-true food.' If at the present time five hundred true preachers would come here with sufficient supply of the Holy Scriptures and Spiritual literature, then I would say without ex- aggeration, u'ithin a year a million souls would be converted to God."

A Visitation of God All this plainly shows that God is visiting this great and needy land in special grace. The present situation in Russia is a challenge to the Church of Christ everywhere. The need for men, money and Bibles is great.

We have to-day 25 workers on the field, with several more accepted and ready to sail.

$60 u-ill support a worker for one month ($720 for a year).

Re~d Our Monthly Magazine..·"The Friend of Russia"

for news that thrills, right from the field, as well as spiritual messages from the Word. It is edited by W. S. Hottel, who is also the editor of the "Chris- tian Life" Series of Sunday-school Quarterlies, so highly commended and so widely used. .

The magazine costs $1.00 per annum. We make this special trial after: 50 cents for one year.

We solicit the prayers of all God's people e~)erywhere.

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Object and Aim: To witness for Christ throughout entire Russia. Our present objective; 500 Missionaries and Evangelists in Russia. Our Society is evangelical and unsectarian, and fosters fellowship with all Christians.

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The Missionary Review of the World — July 1912

IN THE ISLANDS OF THE

THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS (belonging to the United States) number 1,72 5 islands with an area of 122,000 square miles (three times the size of New York) and a popUlation of about 7,000,000 (the size of New York State). Ten Societies are at work there witli 167 foreign missionaries and 880 native workers. Protestant Church-members number 40,000 with as many more adherents. The remainder are Roman Catholics, Moslems and Pagans.

AUSTRALIA and NEW ZEALAND contain about 80,000 Aborigines and other non-Christians. There are 13 societies working among them with 70 missionaries and 265 native workers. The Christian converts number 4,000 and the other adherents 24,000. Those among whom missionary work is done are Aborigines, Maoris, Chinese and Polynesians.

MELANESIA includes the islands of New Hebrides, Banks Islands, Santa Cruz and Solomon Islands. (Sometimes New Guinea and Bismarck Archipelago are induded.) Some of these Islands are now Christian. There are 280 missionaries under 16 societies, with 3,070 native workers. Converts number 24,000 with 87,000 other Christian adherents..

MICRONESIA includes the Caroline Islands, Guam, Marshall and Gilbert Islands and Ratak Group. There are only three Societies at work with 32 missionaries and 130 native workers. Church-members number 8,000 and other adherents, 10,000.

POLYNESIA includes Hawaii (Christian), Fiji, Tonga (or Friendly) Samoa, Cook (or Hervey) Austral (or Tubuai), Tuamoto (or Low Archipelago), Ellice, Phoenix, Manihiki, Marquesas, Society (Tahiti) and other scattered islands. Some of these are under control of the French and allow no Protestant mission work. There are 8 Protestant Societies with 170 missionaries and 5,000 native workers. Church-members number 70,000 and other adherents, 96,000 other Protestant Christians.

THE TOTAL POPULATION OF OCEANIA is about 875,000 and the area of inhabited Islands (not including Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea or Malaysia and the Philippines) is 58,818 square miles. New Zealand, Australia and New Guinea contain altogether about 736,000 Aborigines and Kanakas. Malaysia (see statistics in MISSIONARY REVIEW for May) contains about 900,000 square miles and a population of 40,000,000.

There are still in the Islands of the Sea (not including Malaysia) over 1,000,000 pagans-untouched by the Gospel.

MISSIONARY SCENES IN THE PACIFIC

1. Building a House in Samoa. 10. ~~for:,~sn <i:Gnjn ~~~ri~:i1ippines. 2. Baptism in the Philippines. 3. A bamoan Varrior. II.

t ~~~~t}fo~~~ui~ iNe~aGi~l~ea. 12. Christian Church in Tonga.

6. A South Sea Island Belle. 13. A Tahiti Warrior and Shield. 7. Christian New Hebrides Teacher. 8, li(issionary Launch in Fiji. 14. The Un ion Church in Honolu1u.

9. Aborigines' Hut in Australia. 15. Christian Teachers in Caroline Islands.

16. Plowing in the Philippines.

17. Native Home in New Britain.

18. Australian Aboriginal Woman and Child.

Missionary

® of the World ~ VOL. xxxv. No.7. JULY, 1912 VO!.. xxv. No.7. Old Series New Series Signs of the· Times RELIGIOUS LIBERTY IN THE sume an attitude of partizanship PHILIPPINES which may be offensive to any por- tion of the population; he is forbid- THE provincial law in the Philip- den to engage in any religious propa- pines stipulates that "no teacher ganda in such manner as to divorce himself from the sympathies of the or other person shall teach or criti- people." cize the doctrines of any church, religious sect or denomination, or shall This new rule removes the feeling attempt to influence the pupils for or of restriction upon such ordinary inagainst any church or religious sect, dividual liberty as a teacher would in any public schoo1." Regulations have for personal religious preferpromulgated under this act seemed ences in any community of the United to interfere with religious liberty in States. forbidding teachers to attend and aid Protestant missions in their commu- A CHINESE CHRISTIAN CHURCH nities. RECENTLY there assembled at St. The new service manual of the John's University, Shanghai, bish- Philippine educational bureau, just published, omits the former objec- ops and delegates from seven English, tionable warning against teaching in three American and one Canadian Sunday-schools and other strictly Episcopal dioceses, who met in conferpersonal religious activity. It has ence for ten days to affect the organibeen replaced by the following zation of a Chinese Church. The more satisfactory paragraph: "The meeting marked an important era inl government respects all religions, the history of English and American wars with none, favors none, teaches Episcopalian missions in China. Rev.. none. No restrictions are placed L. H. Littell, writing of it in the Livupon a teacher's right to worship in ing Church, says: accordance with the dictates of his conscience, whether in private or The missions will still carryon their public, in the church of his choice. evangelistic, educational, and philan- The teacher, however, shall not as- thropic work, but the Christians of our Church, pow numbering over 28,000, will be members no longer of three * The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW~ but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, or positions taken by contributors to signed articles in these pages. -EDITORS. foreign churches, but of an indigenolls langnage-a fact of which Japanese Christians are heartily ashamed-bechurch, another of those national cause the "licensed quarter" flourishes in Japan as in no other country of the churches, which are linked together, world. It is true that laws which looked toward gradual suppression of loosely as regards organization, but these licensed quarters in the large cities, in Tokyo, Osaka and other tightly as regards family relationship, cities, were passed in 1883, but these laws remained dead letters. The Yoshiin that confederation of churches wara in Tokyo, destroyed in April, I9II, was speedily rebuilt. A destrucknown as the Anglican Communion. tive fire in Osaka, in 1909, wiped out nearly 15,000 dwellings, among them The resultant church will not be bound a considerable number of "bad" houses. Japanese citizens, Christian by the sentiments of the three differ- and heathen, started an agitation against the rebuilding of these houses, ent foreign churches, but will be free, but their success was only partial, be- cause a species of "chaya" was built, in within the broad principles of the which courtezans were not allowed to live, but where they were invited as Anglican Communion, to adopt its own "guests" from other districts. An- other fire started recently in a "licharacteristic color. It will be guided, censed quarter" of Osaka, and, con- suming 142 of the lowest of licensed of course, by conformity to that par- houses, drove out 1,400 of the girls. Then the Christian forces of the city ticular type of Christian doctrine, wor- united in a purity campaign, and, aided by the newspapers, gained a complete ship and discipline, known as Angli- victory. The government issued an order on February 5, 1912. that no lican, the famous "quadrilateral" will cense should be issued for the' continu- ance of the evil business in the burnt be maintained, its principles being in- area, and the Minister of the Home Department, the Governor, the Chief corporated into the preamble of the of Police, and the newspapers declared themselves against a new locality. articles of constitution, and that gen- Purity Association (Kakusei Kwai) eral type of liturgical worship which of nearly a thousand members has now been formed in Osaka for the entire is so well known will doubtless char- suppression of government aid to this vile traffic, and for a campaign of eduacterize the Chinese Church. But cation looking to the awakening to the terrible loss of the nation 111 the·' within these broad limits she will be depletion of its women. It is to co- free; free, if she wishes, to be more democratic in government, to give more liberty or to add more ceremony to acts of worship, or to tighten the bonds of discipline so long relaxed in the home church.

Following are some of the most im- portant statistics of the Anglican mis- sions in China: Total number of missionaries.. . . . . . . . . . . . 611 Chinese clergy. . .. . .. .. . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 101 Chinese lay catechists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358 Chinese doctors, men and women…….. . . 29 Chinese school teachers……………… 659 Total number of Chinese missionaries… . . 1,400 Total number of Chinese at present in training jnstitutions for various depart- ments of missionary work … ,………. 440 BaptiLed Christians ………………… 28.561 Number of churches and mission stations.. 842 FIGHT FOR SOCIAL PURITY IN JAPAN THERE are indirect results of Chris- tianity in Japan that are as far reaching as the conversion of individuals. The Japanese word "Yoshiwara" has passed into the English

OF THE

operate yith a similar organization in they should make them feel that their Tokyo. seeking to win them to Christ was a mere pretense. After a meeting in a SIGNS OF DAWN IN INDIA village in the Delhi district, and care- ful questioning of the inquirers, Bishop T HE practises of social and so- Warne baptized more than roo. While the baptisms were going on, men and called religious life in India are women came running from the fields the stronghold of Hinduism, and with with tools in hand, because they had the falling of caste it will, humanly heard there was an opportunity for speaking, quickly surrender to the at- baptisms. In other villages the same tack of the messengers of the Gospel. movement towards Christianity is go- We are, therefore, encouraged when ing on. Shrines are being destroyed, we see signs of weakening of the caste and men and women ask, "What hin- system. The most important of these ders us to be baptized?" It is said was the introduction of a special mar- that if there were sufficient men and riage bill to the Viceroy's Council by money to man this district, not less a Hindu, Mr. Basu, a short time ago. than 1,000 baptisms would occur dur- Its aim was the legalization of mar- ing the year. riages between Hindus of different castes and persons of different re- THE BATTLE AGAINST ISLAM ligions. IN AFRICA All over India meetings were held, WEare not alarmists, but believe either in support of or in opposition . in facing the facts. It is true to the proposed legislation. In Bom- bay a number of prominent native that Islam is the greatest foe of Chris- gentlemen, and even three Hindu tianity in Africa. Rev. Stephen Kun- ladies, spoke in behalf of the bill which, decha, himself a native African, has if enacted, would shake the caste sys- been head native teacher and evangel- tem to the center. One of the rea- ist at Domasi, in Southern N yasaland, sons brought forward in favor of the from very early days in the history bill was the hope that with the relaxa- of the Church of Scotland Mission tion of· caste many who have left Hin- there. Thus, he is able to grasp thor- duism would return to it. oughly one of the most pressing ques- tions affecting, humanly speakin~ the The Viceroy's Council has not prospects of Christianity in Africa, the passed the bill, the opposition from the question of Mohammedanism, and we conservative forces in Hinduism being have read with much interest an article too strong. But the fact that such a written by him for Life and Work, on bill was introduced, and introduced by Mohammedanism in Nyasaland. a Hindu, shows the telling effect which Christian teaching is beginning Kundecha frankly acknowledges to have in India. that in his district Mohammedanism is more rapidly growing than in former The Methodist missionaries in years. In all the large villages Northern India, especially near Delhi, mosque have been erected, and on Frihave adopted a conservative policy days many people are wont to go to with reference to baptisms, and have those spots, where there are teachers, .established more rigid conditions, yet they baptized 1,300 people in 1911, lest

for prayer. All these teachers receive rivals are still fighting for the mas- their commission from the leaders, who tery. There the missionaries are still are either in Fort Johnston or Fort at their posts of duty, but the unrest Mangoche districts (a little north of and unsecurity of life and property are Domasi). making life hard and aggressive work But, says Kundecha, only the minor- still more dffiicult. The Roman Catho- ity of these followers of Islam know lic leaders fear to loose power with what Mohammedanism really is. the government, and appear to be stir- Many, when they find out its meaning, ring up strife.

grumble quite openly that they did not A missionary located in San Luis know it before they became Moham- Potosi writes: "The political situa- medans, otherwise they would not have tion continues to be a guessing game.

entered. Some of these grumblers The papers report a battle of five come to the missionaries to have their hours in the state of Chihuahua. A Mohammedanism "removed," and they football game can show better results.

go away comforted after prayer and The st:lte of Chihuahua has an inde- explanation. pendent government now, and it is In this battle with Mohammedanism a serious question whether Madero the influence for good of the mission can ever subdue it. San Luis Potosi schools is clearly seen. In the last i" quiet, but trouble has broken out in eight years Kundecha has known of the Huasteca in the state, as well as in only two pupils who have become Mo- other places. Quite a number of hammedans, and it is quite a common Americans have returned to the United thing for Mohammedan parents, not States, mostly women and children.

wishing their children to be Moham- The great danger is from riots. If the medans, to send them to the schools smelter and mines near here have to that they be instructed in Christianity. close down, this will leave idle a large It is a strange fact that almost only number of men, and may cause trouble.

the children of those Mohamrnedan There is plenty of enthusiasm in pa- parents who are far away from a mis- rades and meetings, but when it comes sion or its schools, embrace Moham- to the fight to save the country, the medanism. Everywhere the mission- bubble breaks. The threat has been ary schools are bringing about a made here that if intervention comes, friendlier attitude of Mohammedans the first thing will be to assault every toward Christians. The tone of Rev. American women here. There are Kundecha's whole article is distinctly some mighty serious scores against h( peful. this republic already for their treat- L THE SITUATION IN MEXICO ment of Germans, Spaniards and Chi- nese. "

ATIN-AMERICAN republics are The missionary work of itineration in a constant state of unstable is hindered, but not entirely stopt by equilibrium. Paraguay is in the throes the disturbed condition of the country.

of civil war, and 3,000 men have been The normal schools, while hampered reported killed since January. Poverty in many ways, are still carrying on and suffering are prevalent. Cuba is in their work, even if under difficulties.

danger of a revolution, and in Mexico One of the missionaries longest in

service, who has had many years' ex- ligious purposes, and, taking this on perience traveling in all parts of the as an extra, joined him in the cam- republic, and well acquainted with the paign. Soon they had provided for Mexican characteristics, writes: all of the seven.

"The political situation in Mexico is Then Mr. Shane and his associates most threatening. AIl kinds of rumors decided to arouse the Board. They are floating about, and it looks very used diagrams, figures, cartoons, and bad for the near future. A very great clear-cut arguments. The results were number of the American families have surprizing, and the conservative gone this year who did not leave dur- United Presbyterian denomination ing the Madero revolution. The situa- was thoroughly aroused. With di- tion is much worse now, as it is bor- rect, traceable financial returns of 600 dering on anarchy in many parts of per cent. from the campaign, it was the country, and it looks as tho the decided to form a publicity cam- government had lost its grip." paign as a part of the Church's Apart from the question of personal method of raising money for mission- safety, or the safety of wife and chil- ary work.

dren, the care and anxiety for the Other denominations have taken up Mexican Christian is a great burden the subject, one interdenominational on the missionaries. The Church in official group planning to spend $50,- the home land should remember in 000 within six months in newspaper prayer Mexico, her missionaries, her advertising. A group of laymen, Christians, her struggle for constitu- with Mr. Shane at the head, has de- tional liberty. cided to spend $50,000 in a year's ADVERTISING MISSIONS display advertising of missions in secular publications. They expect to LAST year seven college- and arrest public attention and direct it seminary-trained young United especially to its humanitarian aspects.

Presbyterians were ready to go to The allied Home Mission Boards of the foreign field. But the Board had the United States hqve aJready been no funds to send them out, and their in conference in N ew York over a life purposes seemed thwarted. A d.efinite plan for spending $50,000 in a Philadelphia layman, Mr. Shane, short-term pUblicity campaign this head of a large flour business, took year. In connection with the Men up the advertising of the case entirely and Religion Congress in New York at his own expense. The work was recently, a Publicity Commission has done skilfully, but anonymously, or made a scientific study of the whole under the pseudonym of "George subj ect of the churches and the news- Christopher." Whole pages, some- papers. Among its members were times even double pages, were used. experts in newspaper advertising, as Pictures of the seven were printed- well as publishers and editors, and once in inverted position and scat- questionaires were sent out to all the tered over two pages under the cap- newspapers in the land having more tion, "All Upset." A few other men, than 5,000 circulation, to a large num- all like Mr. Shane, having devoted al- ber of clergymen, and to representa- ready a tenth of their income to re- tive laymen all over the Continent.

An investigation into the status of the the languages of the mission field, esreligious press was also made, and the pecially of the German colonies. matter of paid advertisements by churches was thoroughly studied. All A language school is to be opened the findings will be printed in the re- at Nanking, China. By joint action port of the Congress. of missionaries representing more than a score of societies and boards at work Thus we seem to be on the eve in the Yangtze Valley, the University of a great magazine and newspaper of Nanking has been requested to open advertising campaign for religion in such a school, and the trustees of the general and for missions, both for- institution, both in China and the eign and domestic, in particular. Let United States have voted to indorse us not run the risk of forgetting. the plan. Thus, this new department Matt. 9:38. will be opened next autumn and mis- sionary recruits for Central China, al- MISSIONARY TRAINING-SCHOOLS most without difference of nationality INCREASING or denomination, will spend the first year, at least, of their Chinese sojourn I T is announced that a school for at Nanking in an effort to master as much of the Chinese language in one missionary study will be opened in year as average students used to make Lucknow, India, next autumn. Its in two years under the old method of specialty will be the study of Islam private instruction. and the preparation of missionaries for work among Mohammedans. A MISSIONARY CLEARING-HOUSE In Cairo, Egypt a Training School A DECISION has been reached that is to be opened for missionaries to Moslems. Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer of the Federal Council of the Arabia is to be in charge there and Churches of Christ in America shall at the same time will have general act as a clearing-house for the followoversight of the work of the Nile Mis- ing organizations: Laymen's Missionsion Press. He is to take up his work ary Movement, Missionary Education in Cairo in October. Movement, Sunday-school Council of the Evangelical Denominations, The The English Government has pur- International Committee of the Young chased a building in London in which Men's Christian Associations of North it will soon open a School of Oriental America, The International Sunday- Studies. It will be modeled after the school Association, The Denomina- German Oriental Semin:lry in Berlin, tional Brotherhoods, The Young a government institution, and after the People's Societies, and The Gideons. Colonial Institute in Hamburg, a city A conference of the executive secreinstitution. Both German institutions taries, superintendents, and other rephave aided missionary work to a large resentatives of these organizations IS extent by teaching missionaries the called, to plan future work. languages before going out to their fields and by investigating scientifically

A TWICE-BORN BLACK

BY BELLE M. BRA I N, SCHENECTADY, N. Y.

HUNDRED years ago his people received no compensation Africaner, the Hotten- but cruel oppression. They were prac- tot chief, was the tically slaves; their women and chil- scourge of South A f- dren were overworked and ill-treated, nca. Outlawed by the and even the chiefs forced to subsist colony, £100 sterling on the coarsest and scantiest fare.

was offered for his head. He had Vorst of all, there were well-grounded not always been such a monster. The suspicions in the minds of the men injustice and cruelty of a Dutch farmer had made him what he was.

Years before, under his father, the old chief Africaner, his people had roamed, free and unrestricted, over the hills and dales within a hundred miles of Cape Town. But the Dutch settlers had driven them back. Forced to move farther inland, again and again, to make room for newcomers, they at length settled down and be- came subject to a Boer named .Piet Piemaar. Not long after the old chief resigned in favor of his eldest son, Jager, a shrewd and capable AFRICANER.. 'IIIE H()TTEN'I'OT CHIE.F young fellow, renowned for his deeds of prowess. that in their absence all was not right As herdsmen of Piemaar's cattle between Piemaar and their women.

the young chief, Jager (the Africaner Incensed by these wrongs, they of our story), and his brothers, Titus, presently asked that they might re- David and Jacobus, proved of great ceive some compensation for their value. As there was constant danger heavy toil, and be permitted to re- from Bushmen pirates who raided move to some spot where they might the cattle, they were trained in the live in peace and quietness. But use of firearms, and kept supplied both these requests were refused.

with guns and ammunition. Matters soon came to a crisis. Be- At first ~11ey were instructed to act ing a sort of justice of peace for the on the defem,ive only. But presently, district, Piemaar one day received in- finding how expert they were in re- formation that the Bushmen had stolen capturing stolen cattle, Piemaar be- some cattle from a neighboring farm, gan to play the same game as the and ordered his men to go and re- Bushmen, and sent them off on plun- store them. But, having received in- dering expeditions against defenseless formation that the whole thing was a natives farther inland. For this train- ruse to get them away, they refused ing in predatory warfare the whole to obey.

region soon paid very dear. Order after order was sent down In return for all this, Africaner and to their huts during the day, but all

to no purpose. At nightfall, greatly why Berend so persistently molested enraged, Piemaar ordered them to ap- him. When he discovered that it was pear at his doorstep. With a vague done at the instigation of the Boers fear in their hearts they obeyed. Ti- and for the purpose of selling him tus, the second brother, not knowing into the hands of his enemies, his what might happen, took his gun with rage knew no bounds. Marching to him, concealing it behind his back in the borders of the colony, he mur- the darkness. dered a Bastard Hottentot and a Boer At the house, when Jager began named Engelbrecht, and raided the mounting the steps, Piemaar, who farm of the latter.

stood at the top, struck him a heavy From now on he was the terror of blow, and threw him down headlong. the entire region. "For fear of his At this, Titus took his gun from con- approach," said a Namaqua chief to cealment and aiming it at the farmer, Robert Moffat long after, "I have shot and killed him. Entering the fled with my people, our wives, and house, where Mrs. Piemaar was our babes, to a mountain glen or the shrieking and pleading for mercy, wilderness, and spent nights among they told her not to be afraid-all bea.sts of prey rather than fall into they wanted was guns and ammuni- his hands." A single instance will tion. When these were given them suffice to show his cruelty. Having they went away and made no further robbed some natives, they sent to him trouble. But in the night two of asking if he would not restore a few Piemaar's children, overcome with of their cows, as their children were terror, left the house and were killed starving. He agreed to do so if they by two Bushmen who had long been would come and get them. But when seeking an opportunity for revenge. they arrived he ordered some of them The colonial government, aided by shot, and tying others to trees, had the farmers, at once took steps to their tongues cut out and their limbs avenge the murders. Rewards were hacked and mutilated.

offered, and search parties were sent His bitterest foe was Berend Be- out. But Jager, rallying the remnants rend, and the strife between the two of his people, fled across the Orange chiefs and their people was almost River to Great Namaqualand, beyond continuous. A striking incident which the confines of the colony. Here, occurred during a desperate struggle settling on territory ceded to him by between Titus Africaner and Berend's a Namaqua chief, he dared his ene- brother, Nicholas, shows how deadly mies to come and molest him. it was. The two young men had been Foiled in their purpose, the Boers engaged for hours in taking and re- now bribed Berend Berend, chief of taking a herd of cattle, neither being a tribe of Bastard Hottentots living able to score a decisive victory. Aided in the vicinity, to assist them. The by the bushes and the cattle, they had result was a series of bitter conflicts kept out of one another's sight until between Berend and the Africaners a sudden break in the herd brought which lasted for a number of years them at last face to face. Each in- and caused no little bloodshed. stantly raised his rifle and pulled the At first Jager could not understand trigger; but just at that instant, a

IDI2] AFRICANER, A TWICE-BORN BLACK

cow darting in, received both balls ricaner carne occasionally to listen to in the center of her body and fell their teachings. And, at his request, over dead! This peculiar deliverance they went, several times, to preach deeply imprest both the young men. at his kraal. But his visit~ soon In after years Moffat heard the story, ceased. Moved either by fear or by and whenever he referred to it Titus always said: "Mynheer knows how to use the only hammer which makes my ha rd heart feeL"

In January, 1806, a little band of pioneers sent by the London l'vli ssion- ary Society under the leadership o f the heroic brothers, Christian and Abraham Albrecht, crossed the Orange River to plant the Gospel in Nama- quala nd.

On the way up from Cape Town they had suffered incredible hard- ships, nearly dying from hunge r and thirst, and now a new danger threat- ened them. Halting for a brief peri- od while in search of a permanent location, they found themselves in close proximity to Africaner, who soon paid them a visit. But from Africaner, at this time, they had nothing to fear. "As you are sent by ROB}<~K'r MOFFAT' the English, I welcome you to the country," he said. "Tho I hate the jealousy, the natives at Warm Bath Dutch, who opprest me, I love the objected to his coming, and the mis- English. I have always heard that sionaries, to their great sorrow, saw they are the friends of the poor black him no more. But the seed sown in man." his heart was not lost. He had gained So deeply was he imprest with the some conception of the truth, tho it sincerity of the Albrechts that he sent was vague and uncertain. He spoke his children to be taught, and hear- of it afterward as a time when he ing th at they were seeking a perma- "saw men as trees walking."

nent site, urged them to stay where Not long after, through no fault of they were. But this did not seem theirs, his kindly feeling for the mis- best to them. The region was wild sionaries was changed to bitter ha- and desol ate and poorly supplied with tred.

water, and they presently removed to Being in need of a new wagon, he Warm Bath, a hundred miles to the had commissioned Hans Drayer, a west, where they established their sta- Hottentot, to go to Cape Town and tion. purchase it for him. Being an out- Here, to their great surprize, A f- law, he dared not go himself. Hans

was entrusted with three span, or 30 trail of death and destruction in his oxen, 20 to pay for the wagon, and wake, proceeded to Warm Bath. Find- 10 to draw it home. But on the way ing the place deserted, his men bea farmer, to whom he was in debt, gan to search for any articles that seized the whole drove! might have been buried.

Much crestfallen, Hans returned ·While engaged in this work an inhome. On hearing what had hap- cident occurred which was both sad pened, Africaner went to settle with and amusing. One of the men, going' him. Finding him exceedingly inso- into the burying-ground, leapt upon lent and not at all sorry for what had what he supposed to be a new-made happened, he struck him with his grave. Instantly strains of soft murawhide whip. At this Hans seized sic came up from below. What could a gun and leveled it at Africaner- it be? The missionaries had said a rash act which instantly cost him the dead would rise-was this about his life. to take place? Terror-stricken, he stood rooted to the spot, undecided The friends of the murdered man whether to run away or stay and see now sought revenge, and called on the awful sight. The music quickly the people of Warm Bath to help died away. Thinking that perhaps them. This, with a false report that his ears had deceived him, he sumthey had stolen some of his cattle, and moned all his courage and again were aided and abetted by the mis- leapt upon the mound. Instantly ·the sionaries, greatly enraged Africaner same soft sounds came up frol11 beand he vowed venegeance on all con- low! Panic stricken, he fled from cerned in it. the spot, without turning back to sec if the ghost were pursuing. The situation of the missionaries now became alarming. Warm Bath Africaner, fearless alike of living lay in a sandy plain, under the burn- or dead, ordered his men to the spot. ing rays of a tropical sun, and there One after another leapt on the mound, was neither cave nor glen to hide in. and at each leap the same soft sounds For a month they lived in constant came up from below. An order to expectation of being attacked, their dig and discover soon brought the only refuge being square pits, six mysterious musician to view. It was feet deep, which they dug in the Mrs. Albrecht's London piano! sand and covered with the tilt-sails of their wagons. In these they stayed Africaner now took his departure; for nearly a week, literally buried but one of his men, remaining behind, alive and suffering intensely from the set fire to the natives' huts and the great heat and lack of fresh air. missionaries' houses, and the place was soon reduced to dust and ashes. At length, burying most of their possessions in the dry, sandy soil, Notwithstanding all they had sufthey went northward to the base of fered, the missionaries soon returned the Karas Mountains. But finding it and began work at a place they called impossible to settle there, they with- Pella, south of the Orange River. drew to the colony to seek help and About 500 Namaquas from Warm counsel. Bath joined them, but they were a timid people, and even here, across Meanwhile Africaner, leaving a

IZ ] AFRICANER, A TWICE-BORN BLACK MAN 49 I

the river, lived in constant dread of man it would have been nothing, for Africaner. A cloud of dust in the you would soon have died, whether distance always occasioned the great- or no; but you are young, and going est alarm-they were sure it was to become a prey to that monster.'''

Africaner coming to attack them. On January 26, r8I8, when Moffat In October, r812, when the Rev. reached the kraal, the Ebners were John Campbell, of the London Mis- there to greet him, but it was more sionary Society, who had come to than an hour before Africaner put in inspect the various stations, journeyed his appearance. "Are you the mis- from the Cape to Namaqualand, he sionary sent by the London Mission- found the same fear in every village, ary Society?" was his first question.

and afterward can fest that "he and "Yes," was Moffat's reply. This his retinue were never so afraid in seemed to satisfy him, and he said, their lives." "You are young; I hope you will While at Pella, Mr. Campbell sent live long with me and my people."

presents to Africaner, and a concilia- Calling his women, he ordered them tory letter. A favorable reply being to build him a house. In half an hour received, Christian Albrecht went to they had it all ready! It was a frail see him, remaining four days preach- structure, in shape like a bee-hive, ing and teaching. As a result, Af- with a single opening large enough ricaner asked for a missionary, and to crawl in, yet Moffat lived in it Mr. Ebner, a coworker at Pella, was nearly six months.

sent to begin work at the kraal. It did not take him long to dis- In a short time, to the surprize cover the lack of harmony between of everyone, Africaner and two of the missionary and the people. Not his brothers, David and Jacobus, pro- long after his arrival, Titus Africaner, fest conversion, and were baptized. who still hated missionaries, came to But Mr. Ebner was not very wise and the door of Mr. Ebner's hut and be- soon lost the good will of the people. gan heaping abuse upon him. A bit- Such was the state of affairs when ter quarrel ensued, the result of which young Robert Moffat appeared on the was that the Ebners withdrew from scene. He had come to assist Mr. the work.

Ebner, and as the Boers put little Poor young Moffat! alone and in- faith in Africaner's reported conver~ experienced, in the midst of such a sion, there had been dire predictions desperate people, his courage well of the fate that awaited him all the nigh failed. Yet he bravely took up way up from the Cape. "One said the work and ere long was cheered that he would set me up for a mark by many tokens of God's favor.

for his boys to shoot at," says Mof- Gentle, affectionate and deeply spiri- fat; "another, that he would strip off tual, he exerted a peculiar charm over my skin and make a drum of it to Africaner, and the two soon became dance to; another, that he would warm personal friends. Nor was it make a drinking cup of my skull. Africaner only that he won. Even < One kind, motherly lady, wiping the Titus, tho he long withstood the Gos- tears from her eyes, bade me fare- pel, soon came to love him, as did well, saying, 'Had you been an old all the rest.

Africaner took great interest in the mind. "I thought you loved me," he work and became a faithful and said at last, with deep emotion, "and regular attendant at the little school do you advise me to go to the govern- Moffat opened. The New Testament ment to be hung?" Then he added, was his constant companion, and the putting his hand to his head, "Do you great change in him was apparent to not know that I am an outlaw, and all. His interest in the things of that a thousand rix-dollars have been Cod was great and absorbing. Mof- offered for this poor head?" fat tells of seeing him sitting for days at a time, in the shadow of a For three days the matter was pubgreat rock, pouring over the Scrip- licly discussed at the kraal. One aftures. And many a night the two sat ter another came to Moffat, gravely on a stone at the door of Moffat's asking if it were true that he had hut, talking until another day dawned, advised Africaner to go to the Cape. of creation, redemption, and the But at last Africaner decided to go. glories of the heavenly kingdom. When they started, nearly the whole village went with them to the Orange The reality of his conversion could River, half a clay's journey, and the not be doubted. The lion had become parting was very affecting. a Iamb. He who had laughed at human wo now sought in every way To get Africaner safely through to alleviate suffering. He who had the territory of the Boers it was aronce been a firebrand, spreading strife ranged for him to travel in di!'guise, and discord, now became a peace- and whenever necessary, assume the maker, counting no sacrifice too great r()le of .Moffat's servant. "Of two to prevent war and bloodshed. substantial shirts left, I gave him one," says Moffat; "he had a pair of To Moffat it seemed like a miracle. leather trousers, a duffel jacket, much Once, when they were sitting to- the worse for wear, and an old hat, gether, Africaner noticed that the neither black nor white. My own missionary's eyes were fixt on his garb was scarce!y more refined. Luface, and inquired the cause. "I was dicrous as the picture may appear, trying," said Moffat, "to picture to the subject was a grave one, and myself your carrying fire and sword often did I lift my heart to God through the country, and I could not that His Presence might go with think how eyes like yours could smile us. " at human wo." At this Africaner made no reply, but burst into tears. On the way, Africaner had abund- ant opportunity to hear what the In 1819- Moffat found it necessary Boers thought of him. Water being to go to the Cape for supplies. Real- scarce, it was frequently necessary to izing what a barrier to progress it stop at the farms, and everywhere was for Africaner to be an outlaw, Moffat met with a kindly reception. and knowing that the Governor had A report having been spread far and long desired to make peace with him, wide that he had been murdered by he asked the chief to go with him. Africaner, some would scarcely credit his identity. At one house, where At first he made no reply, but the farmer, a truly good man, had stood gazing at the missionary as if shown him much kindness on his way to make sure he was in his right

A TWICE-BORN BLACK MAN

up, a novel scene occurred, which is Africaner!' He started back, look- Moffat relates as follows: ing at him intently. 'Are you Afri- caner?' he asked. The chief arose, "The farmer, seeing a stranger, doffed his old hat, and making a pocame slowly down from the house to lite bow, answered, 'I am.' The farmmeet me. When within a few yards er seemed thunder-struck. iThen he I stretched out my hand. He put had assured himself, by a few queshis hand behind him and asked me, tions, that the former bugbear of the rather wildly, who I was. I replied border stood before him, meek and that I was Moffat, and exprest my lamblike, he lifted up his eyes and wonder that he had forgotten me. exclaimed, '0, God, what a miracle 'Moffat!' he rejoined, in a faltering of Thy power! what can not Thy voice, 'it iE your ghost l' and moved grace accomplish!'" some steps backward. 'Don't come near me ! You have been long mur- At Cape Town Africaner's arrival dered by Africaner.' 'But I am no created a sensation. Many found it ghost,' I said, feeling my hands to hard to believe that this meek and reassure him. But his alarm only in- docile black ma,n, whose Christlike creased. 'Everybody says you were character was apparent to all, was murdered; a man told me he had really the cruel and 1:iloodthirsty chief seen your bones'; and he continued of whose exploits they had heard for to gaze at me, to the astonishment of more than twenty years. His knowlhis wife and children, who stood at edge of the Scripture amazed every the door, and also of my people. one, and his New Testament, worn and thumbed by constant use, was an "At length he extended his tremb- object of very great interest. ling band, saying, 'When did you rise from the dead?' As he feared my Everywhere he was accorded the presence might alarm his wife, we kindest of treatment. The Governor moved toward the wagon, and I told not only fully pardoned him and gave him of the change in Africaner, say- him a passport to insure his safe reing, 'He is now a truly good man.' turn home, but expended the troo To this he replied, 'I can believe al- that had been set on his head, in purmost anything you say, but that I chasing a wagon and other gifts for can not credit; there are seven won- himself and his people. den; in the world, that would be the eighth.' By this time we were stand- On the way home an incident ocing with Africaner at our feet. The curred that shows how completely he farmer then said, 'If it is true, I had changed. At Tulbach, a woman, have only one wish, and that is to unable to forget the past, followed see him before I die; and when you him along the public street, heaping return, as sure as the sun is over us, abuse upon him and screaming at the T will go with you to see him, tho top of her voice. In the old days he killed my own uncle.' he would have struck her down dead, but now he bore her torrent of abuse "I was not aware of this fact, and without a word of protest. A large hesitated whether to disclose to him crowd, attracted by the noise, folthe object 'of his wonder; but know- lowed him to his wagon, but his only ing his sincerity, I said, 'This, then, word was, "This is hard to bear; but

it is part of my cross and I must was over between them, and they take it up." joined in a service of praise and prayer, kneeling at the same stool to As Mr. Campbell, who had re- offer their petitions. cently arrived from England with Dr. Philip, for a second tour of in- When Moffat took leave of Afrispection, insisted on Moffat's accom- caner it was with the hope of soon panying them, he could not return seeing him again. But it proved to be a with Africaner as he had planned. last farewell. Less than two years Nor did he ever again work at his after, in March, 1823, God called kraal, being assigned to another sta- the chief home. tion where it was hoped Africaner would join him. To the last he remained true to his Master. When the end was approach- Less than a year later, when the ing he called his people together and deputation was at Lattakoo (after- gave them wise words of counsel. ward Moffat's station), Africaner "My former life is stained with came, bringing some books and ar- blood," he said in closing, "but Jesus' ticles of furniture Moffat had bought Christ has pardoned me, and I am at the Cape and given into his care. going to heaven. Oh! beware of He had been very faithful to his falling into the same evils into which trust, and Moffat was rejoiced to see I have frequently led you; seek God his old friend. and He will be found of you to direct you." As Mr. Campbell was about to return to England, Africaner accom- Thus ended the career of this nopanied the party as far as Daniel's torious outlaw. Surely, he was a Kuil. Here he met his old foe, Berend twice-born man. Nothing less than a Berend, now like himself, a faithful rebirth by the Spirit of God could follower of Christ. All animosity have so changed him.

THE SINEWS OF WAR BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D.,F.R.G.S.

HERE is no doubt that Paul was right when he said: "The weapons of our warfare are not car- IITJ the great work of mis- nal," but, nevertheless, it is a Christian sions to which Christ warfare. The very terms we use in calls His Church is a speaking of missions prove it. The great Christian war- Forward Movement, an aggressive fare. Some have ob- campaign, recruits, reenforcements, jected that this figure of speech which the force in the field, the strategic depicts the "Christian hosts as an centers of activity-what do these army with banners making an on- words mean if they do not mean warslaught upon the besieged fortress of fare, and these words were not an heathenism" is out of harmony with invention, but a revelation. The first the life of Him whom the angels promise to the human race was a heralded as the Prince of Peace. promise of war; "I will set enmity There is no doubt that the Apostle

VIEWS OF MISSIONS. ,,yHrCH IS YOURS?

VIEW ~ .~ No.1 /.c. u.s.

~ "Jerusalem and In all Judea and in Samaria."

"The uttermost parts of the Earth."

"Go ye Into ALL THE WORLD and preach the Go~vel to every creature" From The Missiv"..ry Surve;;.

between the seed of the woman and nant, but rampant; Buddhism and thy seed," and this warfare between Islam are aggressive and the nonthe powers of darkness and the pow- Christian faiths are doing their utmost ers of light has been going on ever to fight Christianity with its own since. We wrestle not against flesh weapons. Compromise has never yet and blood, but against the principali- won the day; but where the banner ties and powers of this world-dark- of the Cross has been displayed, there ness, against spiritual wickedness. have been unconditional surrenders Weare told to fight the good fight and glorious victories. The work of of faith, to put on the whole armor of missions is a Christian warfare. We God, and Jesus Christ Himself as- know it from the vision of victory sured us that for this purpose was which John the Apostle saw on Patthe Son of God manifested-that He mos: "And I saw the heavens opened; might destroy the works of the devil. and beheld a white horse, and he that "I come not to send peace on the sat thereon, called Faithful and True, earth, but a sword." Charles Kings- and in righteousness he doth judge ley felt it when he wrote: and make war: And his eyes are a flame of fire and upon his head are God! fight we not within a cursed world, many diadems, and he hath a name Whose very air teems thick with leagued written which no one knoweth but he himself. And he is arrayed in a fiends? garment sprinkled with blood, and his Each word we speak has infinite effects; name is called the Word of God. And Each soul we pass must go to heaven or the armies which are in heaven fol- lowed him upon white horses." It hell- was Bishop Heber who interpreted And this our one chance through eternity that great vision in the greatest of our To drop and die like dead leaves in the missionary hymns-"The Son of God Goes Forth to War." brake! Be earnest, earnest, earnest; mad if thou If missions is a great warfare, and a warfare to the finish, then this great wilt. work to which Christ calls His church Do what thou dost as if the stake were is a work of MEN. The only woman killed in the battle of Gettysburg was heaven Jennie Vade. In a little brick honse, And this thy last deed ere the judgment on the last day of the battle, while preparing to bake bread, she was day. struck by a sharpshooter's bullet. Warfare is a man's work. Even The very hymns we sing, unless among pagans and Moslems the brunt they stand for mere sentiment, are a of the battle has always been borne proof that missions is a warfare: by men and not by women. The Mo- "Onward, Christian Soldiers," "Fight hammedan religion was spread over the good Fight," "Stand Up, Stand three continents within a single cen- Up for Jesus, Ye Soldiers of the tury by the energy and enterprise of Cross," "Am I a Soldier of the Mohammedan warriors and preachers. Cross?" and all the other hymns of the Church militant as sung in the battle of the ages.

Missions is a warfare because of present conditions on the foreign field. The non-Christian religions are drawn up in battle array for the Armageddon of God; Hinduism is no longer stag-

THE SINEWS OF WAR

There were no women's missionary The greatest obstacles to the evansocieties among the Moslems. Shame gelization of the world are not in on us, Christian brethren, if in this Asia and Africa, but they are at warfare for Christ we put the burden home. The present crisis of opporof the conflict and the bulk of the tunity in every Eastern land is a chalbudget on the women of our churches. lenge to our liberality and a trumpet Yet, has it not been true in many places that the women's boards and call to sacrifice and service. "The the women's societies and the women Son of God goes forth to war, who missionaries have outnumbered the follows in His train?" It is the same men and their work? Is there not clear note that rang out on Olivet: some truth ill the parody of the poet: "Go ye unto all the world and preach the gospel." That word was spoken rn the world's hroad field of battle, in to a company of MEN. It was a call to manly heroism, to manly deter- the bivuac of life, mination, to manly enterprise and con- You will find the Christian soldier rep- secration by the Son of Man Himself, who said: "Even as the Father has resented by his wife. sent me, so do I send you."

The women have been moving for- The forward movement in the early ward for the last five decades. They Church was a forward movement of have organized their forces and are men. James and John, Peter and now waiting for the laymen to bring Andrew, Paul and Silas, Barnabas up the reserves. There have been men and Mark, Epaphroditus and Titus, who, through faith and zeal and con- were the leaders of the Laymen's Missecration, have done great things for sionary Movement. When John the the Kingdom, but they have been con- Apostle was too old to mingle in the spicuous because of their fewness. conflict, he said: "I have written unto One-tenth of the men in the Church you, young men, because ye are have been doing nine-tenths of the strong." work. We need a forward movement along the whole line. Mission work Joses Barnabas Jived at Cyprus, is a man's work, a Christian man's forty-five miles from the base of operwork, and every Christian man has a ations, when the forward movement definite right to his share of the for foreign missions first began to "white man's burden." There has go away from Jerusalem. He owned been much talk about a forward move- land, and was probably wealthy, altho ment in many of the churches, yet in a Levite. There was no law or social very few places has this forward regulation enjoining communism, but movement been so rapid as to be in in the excess of his goodness he cared danger of arrest on the highway of not for precedent. He had faith in God for exceeding the speed limit. The the enterprise and, being a landowner, fact is, we have not begun to use knew values. Being full of the Holy the high gear or to mobilize all our Ghost he knew enthusiasm as well. forces. The reserves at our disposal, So he sold his land and brought his of men and money, of faith and prayer money and laid it at the apostle's feet. and sacrifice, remain practically un- (Afterward he became his own mistouched. sionary and had a parish in Asia.)

Barnabas stuck to the for- feel a sense of personal responsibility ward movement all his days. In I to fulfil the last command of Christ 'Cor. 9 :6, Paul mentions him and im- there will be no lack of the sinews plies that he was still at work, un- of war. Forty years ago Dr. Cham- mal ried, and toiling with his own bers preached a missionary sermon in hands. But he could not have missed one of the New York churches on a his farm much, for tradition relates rainy Sabbath, when there was only that "he became Bishop of Milan, one man in the audience. He made preached in Rome, converted Clement, an appeal for the payment of the de- and died a martyr in Cyprus." He ficit of the Dutch Reformed Board.

was a man who esteemed the interests That deficit amounted to $55,000, and of the cause greater than his personal $11,000 were needed immediately to interests. Who follows in his train? meet the crisis. The smallness of the The problem of missions to-day is audience did not hinder God's Spirit not a problem of generalship or stra- from working through the preacher.

tegic position, but of the sinews of Before he went to bed that night there war. We need to recall the words of . was a ring at the door, and Mr. War- that old warrior, David: "As his part ren Ackerman announced himself as is that goeth down to battle, so shall the only man who had heard the ser- his part be that tarrieth by the stuff. mon on personal responsibility that They shall part alike." We expect morning. He drew out his check-book from our missionaries obedience, sac- and began to write. Dr. Chambers rifice, vigilance, and absolute faith- watched him with much anxiety as he fulness to their task. Every criticism wrote. You can imagine his delight of missions which we hear is an in- when 'vVarren Ackerman filled it in direct tribute to the high ideals we for $11,000. "I could not sleep that have formed of the missionary's task. night," said Dr. Chambers, "for very If we expect so much from them, have joy, but early in the morning there they not a right to expect the same was a ring at the door, and there stood from us-equal obedience to the com- Mr. Ackerman, asking me to return mand of our great Captain-some- the check which he had given me the thing of the same spirit of sacrifice previous night. Sitting down, he took and up-to-date knowledge of the facts his check-book and put the figures 5 of missions, to prove our real interest and a second 5." "Now," said Dr.

and a wrestling for victory, as those Chambers, "I know he is coming back who have given their whole lives to because he feels he has given too much the work? and is giving one-half of the total "Are you a1!ured by peace and velvet amount needed." But when the check ease was filled in the amount was $55,000, The chance is yours to seek them the largest single gift ever received by our Board. In such fashion does should you please. a sense of personal responsibility They tempt me not while these my enable men to do exceeding abun- brother men, Crawl up the stairs of pain on bleed- knees. dantly above all that they are able to If once the laymen in our churches ask or think for the Kingdom of God. A MISSION HOUSE AT LAKE HARBO R, BAFFIN'S LAND ITINERATING IN THE ARCTICS BY ARCHIBALD L. FLEMING, LAKE HARBOR, BAFFIN'S LAND HE Eskimo had left the consider himself fortunate if he does not have to harness himself to the mT llission station and sled and do some continuous hauling. s.cattered themselves in Ii ttIe hamlets along the If there has been a heavy fall of northern shores of snow during the night, one man must lIuclson's Strait, so on walk ahead of the team and "break January 2 I st we started on our first trail" by tramping down the snow. missionary journey. This is hard and hot work, even with the thermometer registering sixty to Many imagine that traveling by eighty degrees of frost. When a sled and dog-team is as easy and keen Arctic wind has to be faced pleasant as to go for a drive at home, the reader can perhaps imagine what and that all one requires is to mount on it is like. a comfortable seat, well wrapt in furs, crack a long whip, while the dogs dash vVe rose at 6 A.M ., while the land over snow and ice at the speed of still lay shrouded in darkness, loaded ten miles an haUL In Baffin Land the kumotik (sled), and lasht on the however, or wherever the sea or great boxes with strong thongs to keep stretches of uninhabited country have them in place. The dogs were harto be crossed, the process is very dif- nessed to the traces, and after a few ferent. preliminary cracks of the whip, 25 to 27 feet in length, and shouting to Whenever the snow is unusually the team, we started off down the hill. soft or where a drift or ground ice has to be passed over, one must not At the ground ice all hands had to only get off the sled, but push hard push and shove to get the sled over behind to help the team, and then the rough, jagged ridges, some of which were several feet high and per- a splendid view of the encampment pendicular. called Aulatsevik.

At last we gained the level ice on It was our first glimpse of an Esthe sea, and were soon traveling kimo winter village, and one which along at a fair speed. The team was we shall not soon forget. As we apsmall, but the ice was in splendid con- proached the nearest igloo (snowdition. house), we were met by a pack of dogs, who gave us a noisy welcome. The wind was blowing slightly from Soon the people came running out the north and driving the snow eager to shake hands. It was a slow before it. As we traveled along our process getting round them all, but solitary way there was riot a single by the time we had done so the sign of life except once when a large kumotik was unloaded. raven, with his hoarse croak, passed us in his black, mourninglike coat, Our igloo had been built for us, but which only tended to deepen the feel- had not yet been heated to get a ing with which even the air seemed coating of ice on the walls inside, so to be laden-Desolation. There was that meant a cold night for us. Three something indescribably impressive in women sewed together some old the scene before us. The whole land sacks, and these were pegged up was sheeted in purity, but ever and under the roof in the hope that they anon the scene was changed. would help to keep off the dripping snow. Sometimes we traveled near to the shore, at other times when crossing Some straw which we had brought bays we were far from land. Now with us from an old packing case, we would pass close to some large was laid out, and on top of that iceberg raising its high pinac1es ma- we had one deerskin and our sleepingjestically above the frozen sea, or bag. A koodlil (stone lamp) ~as again, we would skirt some island lighted, and when our impedimenta completely enveloped in its blanket of had been brought in our mansion was snow and its frills of ice. We jour- ready. We surveyed the place with a neyed on our way with only the pe- mixture of feeling. Certainly many culiar rustling of the snow or the horses at home are better housed than occasional bark or snarl from one or we were but that was only the beginother of our team to break the death- ning. Worse was to follow. like silence of these Arctic wilds. Our first food at Aulatsevik was Suddenly, as we rounded a point seal meat stewed in a dirty, old, greasy of land projecting out from the rest, can by one of the Eskimo. But we we noticed on top of a small hill a were very hungry after the long jourtall stone, standing upright, and knew ney, and doubtless that helped it to that our journey was nearly at an go down, for as an old highland shepend. At each encampment such a herd in Scotland once told me, "Hunstone or pile of stones is erected as a ger's guid kitchen." guide to travelers. After this frugal meal we visited In a short time we reached the some of our old friends, who were desummit of the small range of hills lighted to see us and thanked us for forming the coast line, where we had coming.

I2 ] ITINERATING IN THE ARCTICS

On our return we watched the men which must have been built with this and boys playing their games. It was object in view. When the service began a queer sight to see them in the pale the igloo was crowded. It held some 50 moonlight. The boys, like the men, adults, not to mention a dozen or more drest in their thick double reindeer babies in their mothers' hoods. Besuits, looked like balls of fur as they sides those in the igloo proper, a numran and tumbled about in the snow. ber had packed themselves into the sookso (porch). The night was advancing, so we INTERIOR OF AN ESKIMO HOU~E IN WHICH THE ~]SSIONARIES LIVED reluctantly withdrew, and on our way A snowhouse is not intended for back passed several young women sit- this sort of thing, and the presence of ting huddled together in the snow so many raised the temperature very singing hymns from their one hymn- considerably, while the atmosphere bebook. They were learning the words came oppressive and the walls dript from the book by the light of the moon. badly. All joined heartily in the singing tho not always following the Owing to the cold and damp we same tune or key. The attention to found it almost impossible to sleep, but the sermon left nothing to be desired. managed a few broken hours between times. In the evening we were treated to a heavy snowstorm, with a cutting On the following morning (Sun- wind, so that no service could be held. day) breakfast was served "table d'hote" and consisted of a cup of cof- One interesting feature of the work fee and biscuit. Dinner was better, at Aulatsevik was the school work since we had stewed venison (rein- among the children. It was a real joy deer) and a plateful of corn flour. to hear them sing simple hyrllos such as "Jesus Loves Me," and repeat texts Service was held in the largest igloo,

from Scripture in their own tongue. dwellings as paying guests of the Es- Before we left most of the children kimos for over two months, since, ow- could sing from memory a number of ing to the poor condition of the dogs, hymns, repeat not a few texts, and we could not get a team sufficient to knew the syllabic characters and also take us farther. Owing to the scarcity the numerals. A few of the older ones of food, and consequently of blubber, could even read and write a little, but we could not expect to get sufficient this was due to the hearty cooperation blubber for an additional lamp; as it of their parents, who were themselves was, the lamps were only lighted when only learning. The Eskimo children cooking had to be done or snow melted are delightfully natural, yet in spite of for water. Ruskin said that he feared having been brought up on practically nothing "except only draughts and nothing else but raw flesh, we found ugly people," but had he lived with that "a strippet bi" has as much at- the Eskimo he would have required traction for them as for any gutter to get used to both, and in addition bairn in one of our large cities at home. might have found his friends decidedly While at Aulatsevik we were greatly odoriferous.

imp rest with the phenomena to be seen We shall not attempt to describe an in these northern skies, and the words igloo in which an Eskimo family live, of the Psalmist came home with new save to say that one meets with dirt power. "The heavens declare the glory and grease galore. The sights and of God; and the firmament showeth sounds are excruciating, while the His handiwork." As we gazed in fcetid smeIls most surely outrival those wrapt amazement into the star- of traditional Cologne. Even such a spangled heavens above and watched famous Arctic explorer as Commodore the glorious and ever-changing Aurora Peary, when speaking of these dwell- Borealis, we could not but feel within ings, says: "A night in one of these our soul the deepest sense of awe. Nor igloos, with a family at home, is an was this lessened, but rather intensi- offense to every civilized sense." He fied, when we remembered that Ar- is right, but we wonder how our hero rhenius had declared that the phe- of the North Pole would enjoy over nomena of a Crookes Tube and of the two months under these conditions in- Aurora Borealis are in reality the stead of one night.

same. We can not say what we would have We returned to the st'ation from ~one had our coal supply been ade- Aulatsevik on February 21st to get quate to our needs, but as it was, we new supplies before setting out on a were simply driven from the station trip down the Strait in order to visit owing to lack of fuel, as we found it the outlying encampments to the east quite impossible to live in rooms where of Aulatsevik. the temperature was sometimes as low On March IOth we left for Kingnak- as 15.5 degrees below zero.

juak, which was the nearest encamp- The greatest strain was brought ment beyond Aulatsevik, and arrived upon us at Kinguckjuak-not because there safely after a very cold journey. the people were dirty and degraded so At this place we had to live a most much as because they were practically primitive life in these extemporized starving from time to time while we

IN THE ARCTICS 50

were with them. Consider what a sophisticated sort of individual. If a missionary's feelings are when num- plate must be cleaned he considers his bers of starving natives follow him tongue as good an instrument for the everywhere and perpetually beg for work as any southern invention. Infood. He sickens with the 1ee1ing of deed, he thinks it was made for that utter helplessness which seizes him very purpose, and a few licks does the and which he finds hard to shake off. work. Combine with this the fact that he is Our cooking had to be done over a PART OF A MISSIONAIU""S ESKIMO AUDIENCE living in perhaps the most unconge- koodlil in which seal' or walrus blubnial and austere environment possible and you will realize something of our ber takes the place of oil, and dried need. Most gladly and willingly would we have helped them more than moss from the hills acts as wick. We we did had that been possible. Our stores were all too scanty, and we lived on the one course system genhave the coming winter to face and no supplies will reach us until next erally, and biscuit and coffee formed summer. The dogs died from starvation in great numbers, while the our staple diet. We obtained such people sometimes had only one meal in two days. It was a hard time for luxuries from time to time as seal, both man and beast. walrus, wolf, polar bear, white whale, By living with the Eskimo we had to put up with much that was not pleas- reindeer, etc., and even a plate of ant. The Eskimo is a charmingly un- ground rice or corn flour occasionally.

Commodore Peary states that "walrus and seal meat are valuable for dog food, but a white man does not usually care to eat any of these- unless he is nearly starving."

We had seal more than any other meat, but whatever it was, it was al-

wa::vs stewed, as there seemed no other guckjuak. On several occasions we way of cooking it over a primitive went seal and walrus hunting with the stone lamp. Our stew pot was a men in the hope of getting some worthy invention. It was an old boiled photographs. The igloo was raided by beef can with a piece of wire for a the dogs during the "sma' 'oars 0' the handle and a piec'2 of wood for a lid. mornin," and when at last darkness This idea worked splendidly, only we gave place to light there was hardly a did feel selfish at times and longed scrap of meat or blubber to be found. for something other than stew or cof- Even the blubber in the koodlil had fee and biscuit; quite often we were been licked up. This little escapade glad to have even that. cost one dog its life, and the poor brute's dying moans did not help us In spite of all this the two months to sleep after the excitement of fightspent at Kinguckjuak were most bene- ing the animals out of the dwelling. ficial to us in some ways. By living with the Eskimos for such a period Again, one morning after a blizzard we were able to understand him as he we awoke to find the whole encampreally is, arid in a way which we think ment completely buried in snow. We would IJe quite impossible without such dug ourselves out and enjoyed the an experience. luxury of stairs from our igloo up to the outer world. At the igloo in which We began to see things through we were staying the snow lay some Eskimo eyes, and with that came a tKO feet above the top of the roof, but deepening of the intolerable craving some of the other igloos had several to win them to the Savior. There is feet of snow overhead. an inscrutable, venerable mystery in even the meanest and most degraded On another occasion a thaw sel in, of these people, and one gets to really and without warning the roof collove them. lapsed. Again, a number of Eskimo from further down the Straits arrived As we studied the Eskimos under weary and hungry, having been adrift easy, natural conditions, we seemed in the Straits for several days on a to see as Carlyle would say, "A small large pan of ice. After over two light shining and shaping in a vortex months we returned to the station. of Eskimo darkness." Yet the darkness itself is alive. It is the eager, in- In closing this short account of the articulate, uninstructed mind of these work which is being done for God and people longing to become articulate, to His Christ in the Arctics, may we go on articulating ever after. The sav- plead as did Saint Paul of old, "Brething of the first good seed, and the ren, pray for us." careful uprooting of the weeds are essential, and tho little result may as "La! through ice and S110W we pass yet be seen, it is not lost. One poor soul for Christ to gain. Gladly we bear want or distress We had many exciting times at Kin- To set forth the Lamb once slain."

PRESBYTER ] AN ACADEMY AT PYENG YANG

STIRRING LETTERS FROM KOREA THE JAPANESE ARREST OF KOREAN CHRISTIANS EDITORIAL I1IJT mayor may not have disadvantages have come from the been to the advantage continuance of military occupation and of Korea that she was government. Ever since the lament- swallowed up by Japan. able assassination of Marquis Ito, the The little peninsula was Japanese have been suspicious of every . in an unenviable posi- Korean native organization. It is not tion–too weak to defend herself and surprizing that the Koreans do not maintain her independence, and certain love their conquerors, but the Japanese to be confiscated by either Russia or have not 'taken steps to win their love Japan. Without doubt, it was to the or gain their confidence and cooperaadvantage of Korea's material and tion. The Koreans are naturally a spiritual progress that the progressive peace-loving people, and might with Japanese rather than the medieval patience and tact be brought into Russians should be in control. Kore- friendly relations with the Japanese, ans have, however, suffered much in but they are not cowardly or spiritless, the trans fer. Her princes have been and harsh measures are calculated to deposed, her property appropriated, strengthen their antagonism. her people ill-treated, and her national rights and customs disregarded. The missionaries have been in a delicate position. Their position as The advent of Japanese rule has, ambassadors, of Christ has kept them at the same time, brought advantages. out of local politics, and as American The laws have been systematized, or- and British citizens they have refused der maintained, courts of justice es- to meddle in the Korean-Japanese imtablished, schools developed, railways broilio. But thousancls of Koreans are built, and material conditions im- in their Christian schools and churches, proved in many other ways. The chief and the ties of affection are very

strong.. It is difficult for missionaries doubt as to the unreasonably harsh to see pupils, wards, friends ill-treated methods employed by Japanese auand misunderstood, without making thorities. There is no evidence li1at any effort to help them. What shall a they have desired to persecute the man do as a man when he sees a help- Christians as such, but are naturally less woman insulted by a soldier, or a suspicious of the more intelligent, in- Korean man assaulted by a Japanese dependent classes of which these in the street? Such cases were frequent Christians are composed. They also in the early days of occupation. They look with critical eyes on the schools are less frequent now. and churches under missionary con- trol, and, without cause, consider them The Japanese are apparently nerv- hot-beds of treason. We quote fron; ous and suspicious, and often take recent letters which give a graphic steps to put down imaginary sedition view of the unhappy situation and rein a way that makes them a laughing veal the indignities to which foreignstock before the enlightened public. ers are subjected, and the sufferings Some time ago a poster announced a of Koreans. meeting in the Seoul Y. M. C. A., under the title: Arrests at Syen Chun Love Your Enemies The Christians have been very happy over the academy in Syen Chun The Japanese smeIled sedition and and the splendid work it was doing, demanded that the offensive notices be but last October, to the great surprize withdrawn. Korean copies of the Gos- of the missionaries, four boys were pel of St. Mark were printed and dis- arrested. A little later the academy tributed all over the land. 'Nord went teachers, several teachers of the lower out among the Japanese that thousands schools for boys, and about a dozen of seditious pamphlets were being sent more academy students were arrested. out by the Korean Christians. It is At first the missionaries did 110t know suggested, and not without reason, that the cause for these arrests. Then they the Japanese military authorities desire heard that the Japanese suspected a to remain in control in Korea, and in plot to kill the Governor-General as order to do this, mnst show that there he passed through Syen Chun on his is still cause for keeping a strong hand way to open the new bridge at Sin on the country. Therefore, if there Eui Ju. The missionaries, howis not good evidence of Korean un- ever, were so certain that the men rest and sedition, they must manufac- and boys arrested were innocent of ture some. This "vill perhaps account, any serious offense that they expected in part, for the strange actions of the them back soon. After six months government recently in causing the ar- they are still in prison. The missionrest, imprisonment, and we fear, tor- aries struggled along trying to keep ture, of Christians and others in the the school going after the teachers effort to discover a plot to assassinate were taken, and even upper class acathe Governor-General. demy boys were set to teaching in the lower schools. One foreign pastor Many letters have been received at a time was taken from the country from American and British subjects in Korea, which leave no room for

LETTERS FROM

work to do Bible teaching, and several ber, but they worried her into saying worked themselves ill. Instead of pcrhaps that he was at such and such a prisoners being released, there have place, and when they asked him and he been more arrests and the school has gave a different answer, back they been closed. came to her.

Most of the arrests made in North The Charges Korea have been of Christians-leading men- those who are educated and There seem to be three charges have ability. The Koreans began to against the Christian men and boys: say, "It seems to be a sign of re- ( I) That there was a plot .to kill the spectability to be put in prison!" Governor-General as he passed Among those arrested in Syen Chun through Syen Chun on the train; (2) are the Korean pastor of the North .KI!;V. G. S. Me CUNE AND KOREAN n:ACH ERS OF SYJ::N CHUN) SOME Oi" WHOM WERE ;RRESTED HY TH E JAP AN E SE Chu rch-an elde r, and another chu rch money was being raised anel plans officer from the same church. These were made to send a man over into three, with a fme young graduate of :'IIanchuria to teach something; (3) the academy were arrested about two the only orphan asy lum in Korea is weeks before Christmas. A deacon of in Syen Chun , and, under the name th e South Ch urch was taken two days of this asylum, money was being raised a fter Chri stmas. There have also from questionabl e sources and for bad been arrests made from country work. The missionaries know of no churches. These include many church plot against the Governor-General, but officers and two ordained pastors. The the Japanese believe that there was, police kept coming to the wife of Pas- and were frig htened into foolishness. tor Chai, who was arrested, and say- The day the Governor-General came ing. "where was your husband on sllch through to Seoul, all the missionand such a date?" She did not reme111- school boys were ordered to go and

make their bow to him at the station. thing about them. They turned out "'hen they reached there the police to be spies, and the Japanese assumed searched their pockets and took their that they were dismissed because they knives away. When the tiny primary were spies.

boys arrived and tumbled into line, all The Christian teachers have lain in out of breath, even their little pockets prison for over six months, while the were searched and their little knives police are trying to discover some plot.

were taken away. What would be the And lying in prison is not all. There psychological effect of such a per- are many explicit tales of torture formance on the young mind? which the Japanese are using to force "confessions" fro111 prisoners. liis- 2. As to charge number two, some sionaries are forced to believe that money was raised to send a rnissionary these stories are true. Not only has to the Koreans in lfanchuria. There the preliminary examinaton, which the are men over there who would, no law requires shall take place within doubt, be glad to fight for the indepen- four days, even for a Korean, been dence of Korea-and the Japanese postponed for months, but the word look with suspicion even upon any has come that some of the men have movement to send them the Gospel. suffered much. One teacher, a regu- lar old wrestler in prayer-a man so 3. As to the orphan asylum, Dr. filled with the Holy Spirit that he is a Moffett explained to the Japanese au- power for good wherever he is-was thorities that he himself brought the examined and released in one week first money for it from some Christian but another good man was confinc(l Koreans who had seen such asylums in for several weeks without examina- America, and thought it would be a tion. The son of Pastor Keel, the good thing to start one in Korea. Syen blind pastor of the great Pyeng Chun was chosen as a location because Yang Church, was one of the teachers it is such a quiet, country place. Yang arrested. He is a fine, handsome fel- Moksa, the pastor of the North low, but not strong, and would not be Church, was in charge of this asylum. able to stand long confinement or tor- He had also been getting a passport ture. A deacon of the church in Pyeng to go to Vladivostock to look after Yang died in prison. Another man the mission church work there, and was taken from the prison to the misreturn. He was arrested for "com- sion hospital, where he died of heart plicity in a certain affair." failure. It is suspected that the tor- ture he had undergone and the hard- The Japanese complain that the ships suffered caused his death. sch,ol boys have been known to pray that Korea might some day be free again. Two Korean boys entereu the academy as students. They were dis- Evidence of Torture missed because they were not desir- able boys for the school. From the There is good reason to believe that rakish cap worn on freakishly-cut hair, torture is usee!. One man-not a the dainty little dancing girls' slippers Christian-told one of the mission- that flap-flapped from the feet, there aries that he escaped with his life when was not one straight, honest, manly he made up his mind he could not

I9 12 J STIRRING LETTERS FROM

stand any more torture. One morning come out in the summer clothes he when he saw them getting ready to wore when arrested. He told the mistorture him again, he said, "Stop; you sionary that he was the son of a Chrisdo not need to do that, for I have tian who has been a helper to a misdecided to say whatever you want me sionary of another mission. His father to. I can not give you another bit of has been banished from the country true witness, for IOvery bit that I know and the boy said he did not know what I have already told you. Anythin& he had been in prison for. But he more that comes fr0111 my lips now told the missionary about a man, a will be lies-but you want lies, so I relative, who after his examination will tell them. I can not die again- was brought into the same prison seven times you have killed me dead, where he was. He said this man's and seven times I have come to life hands were so scarred and sore from again, and I can not stand any more." burning that he could not use them, (Koreans speak of fainting as dying.) and had to be fed for two weeks. They began to question him and he would answer: "I did-that is lie The Missionaries' Statement number one. I did-and that IS lie number two. I did-and that is lie At first the missionaries would not number three." They soon stopt. believe the things they heard, but so' Later he was sent before the procura- many instances were related from retor, who said, "What about all these liable sources that they could no longer things you have testified to?" "Oh," refuse to believe. Several missionaries said he, "those are all lies. I told the went to Seoul and sent in to the officers at the time they were lies- Governor-General a carefully prepared but they had killed me seven times." statement of the case and a request The procurator sent him back and they for a hearing. We waited long, but began to bat him around and get ready the Governor-General evidently did for the torture again. "As soon as not wish to discuss the matter. The he could get their attention he called American consul refuses to "give credout, "Stop! you do not need to do that. ence to every rumor." The Koreans I wiII do anything you tell me to; I say that it is noticeable that where will say anything you want me to. Of they arrest heathen it is the better and course, it will alI be lies, just as before, more influential of the heathen even but I can tell lies." They decided they that are taken. One good Christian could do nothing with him-left him man remarked: "If it only were outin prison a few days and then told him right persecution because of our reto clear out, which he promptly did. ligion it would be easier to stand." It Other cases could be cited to show that is hard to see such good men taken, torture is used. but after alI, they are the ones best able to endure-the ones whose faith One missionary met a young boy of is firm and strong and wiII not fail. about seventeen who had just come Mr. McCune, while in Seoul, obtained out of the prison in Seolll and had a pass which admitted him to all the run into an inn near to warm himself. prisons except the one where the ex- It was winter and he had been in aminations are made. He found Pastor prison four and a half months, and Yang and Elder An in a brick prison which is warmed so that they were

comfortable, their examinations not Last summer, on the first anniver- having begun. Pastor Yang asked for sary of the annexation of the country an Old Testament which he was al- the Japanese made a holiday and called lowed to have, and said he was going all the school boys out to celebrate the to use this leisure in getting out ser- happy event, and made them yell mons. He also found opportunities "Banzai!" If they would leave them to witness as the heathen Koreans alone the boys might gradually learn around that prison gather about him to love and trust their new rulers. The to listen to Bible stories. Pastor Chai Japanese attempt to keep the people also bore good witness-with his two ignorant of Korean history, and forbid hands chained so close together that the use of certain books in the schools, he has to lift both to his face when he For instance, one is forbidden because eats. of its suggestive, according to the Ja- The wives and mothers of the men are bearing this trouble like real Chris- panese, story about the ants, who, tho tians. When Pastor Yang and the a little people, can do great things bethree other men were taken to Seoul cause they unite. They also supprest their wives were not allowed to go that hymn, "I Am an Ambassador for near or speak to them. The poor pas- the King." Missionaries receive magator's face was puffy with cold, and he zines from America with articles clipt looked as tho he had shivered sleepless out, and there are other evidences that through the two nights he had been in letters are tampered with. the local prison. But the brave, undaunted spirit of the man stood up in Pray for the Korean Christians his eyes as he said: "I have no anxi- and for the missionaries and their ety." The wives, mothers, and sisters many problems. The lower boys' were weeping as tho their dear ones schools in Syen Chun could not be had been carried away dead, but they opened because there were no teachers. said : "We trust God. How could we stand it otherwise?" The father Another letter reads as follows: of one boy, however, held up his hand After December 27th there was a in' a meeting of Koreans and vowed period of quiet until January 13th, that if anything happened to his boy when a party, including the man behe would kill Mr. McCune. fore whom the men .will finally be tried, went to Syen Chun and caused Not long ago the magistrate of Syen a little uneasiness by their presence in Chun made a visit to the Governor of town. Monday morning, after breakthe province, and on his return told a fast, gendarmes were stationed in group of men, two Christians being front of each of the missionary houses among them, that the Governor asked to prevent them passing from house him how things are in Syen Chun and to house for two hours and a half. he had replied, "Ask the missionarie~, During that time the officers seal ched The magistrate in Syen Chun has very the McCune house and made a slight little power. All the people are Chris- search in the Roberts house. They, of tians." A policeman complained that course, found nothing, and went up the Church has too much power and on the hill and looked it over carefully. that it must be curtailed. The next morning they came again and spent half'a day, digging here and there over the hill and in the orchards

LETTERS FROM KOREA

and gardens of the Sharrocks, Roberts' to prod them into patnotIc demoncompounds. They did not say what strations. If Korean Christians have they were seeking. One of the officers not been law-abiding, it has been only apologized for having made the mis- in the matter of such required patriotic sionaries ashamed. A Seoul newspa- demonstrations. One year from the per about that time published a foolish annexation of Korea, Japan wanted story that 80 academy boys had a the Koreans to join them in a celebrameeting on the hill, at which they drew tion of the event. Pastor Yang, who up a paper pledging themselves to kill is now in Seoul in prison, was asked the Governor-General. After signing to help in getting the people to join in this paper, the article said, the boys thi:;. He replied that he would give buried it with ceremony. Perhaps the fifty cents toward the feast, but till police were digging for that paper ami he died he would not participate. They hunting for the revolver with which have wine and drink, and Mr. McCune the deed was to be done. hurried the school-boys home from the Emperor's birthday celebration-" The Japanese Answer to get them away fr0111 the solicitations of bad women they met coming away. The Governor-General prepared a Did Pastor Yang do wrong? He would paper which was read to the mission- have had a hard time leading his people aries to the effect that there was a into the celebration. conspiracy, or if not an actual conspiracy, the spirit of one, and that the Another thing that was hard for the Christian teachers had not been teach- Christians was that in celebrating the ing the boys to be obedient citizens. Emperor's birthday they are orderdl He denies that torture is used, but to bow before a picture of the Emmore and more evidence comes out to peror, or at least toward the east, prove that there is evidence enough to where he resides. The Koreans said convince any candid person. :lIany Ko- this savored of idolatry and wished to reans have suffered at one time or an- refuse. Some did refuse; some were other, so that these things can not be compelled to do it, and in one place hushed up any longer. It was reported they solved the problem by sending a that several Syen Chun Academy boys heathen to represent them and bow. had been found innocent, but they have not been released, neither have the Another correspondent writes: teachers who were taken three months The Korean Church is going ago. It seems that the torture is such through deep waters, especially up at as to produce the maximum of pain and Syen Chun, where 90 per cent. of the fright without leaving marks upon the people are Christians. The Japanese body. They order the men to never have arrested, without any formal tell what happened. charge, put 70 Christians in prison, including three ordained Presbyterian The time has come when those who pastors. One of these is known to the know can keep quiet no longer. If heathen as "bone of Jesus Christ." only Japan understood the Koreans They say he is only Jesus, he has no better! If she were content with their body, it is all Jesus, for if any Koobeying the laws and would let their rean comes to him on any business poor feelings alone, instead of trying whatever, he preaches Jesus to them

and tells them his body only lasts tians have been arrested, brought to such a short time in comparison to Seoul, and imprisoned. No reason has eternity. Pastor Chai has been put been assigned for this action save the in prison because he would not tell general allegation that a widespread his people to bow down to the picture conspiracy is on foot against the life of the Emperor on November 3n1. of the Governor-General of Korea and other prominent officials. Unreasonable Suspicion Japanese, and the Korean Church Another Korean, called praying Harng, a student, was in the prayer The actual cause of this persecution meeting and spoke, saying God had may be the desire of the Japanese Govbeen speaking to him, telling him he ernment to gain control of the Korean did not love the Japanese as he should, Church. Last summer an attempt was so he asked the people to pray, and he made to compas:. this object-the bowed himself down to the ground, Japanese Y. M. C. A. invited many and in great agony he prayed with Korean native pastors to visit Japan' tears and sobs. After a great while and its churches-many were reluctant he got the victory and arose rejoicing, and were constrained to accede by the saying God had put His love in his police, and while in that country the heart for the Japanese. The next clay proposal was made for them to place this man was arrested and is now the Korean Church under the Chrisin prison for not loving the Japanese. tian Church of Japan, withdrawing it A spy must have been in the meeting. from the American Church. Their answer was, "The Church of Korea One of the pastors who was preach- is under no church, but is self-supporting about the Kingdom of God was ing, and why should it be placed under arrested and put in prison because he any church?" The government is said did not preach about the Kingdom of to have been back of the Y. M. C. A. Japan. The Japanese officials in the invitation, and to have paid all excountry districts are so ignorant that penses. The real trouble doubtless is they make many mistakes and deal that the practical deification of the very unjustly with these people. These Emperor of Japan, and the deity of prisoners are being examined by tor- Jesus Christ are not compatible, and ture, and one has died; another was there must be conflict. The only real sent out to die, because they did not help in this time of trouble can come want him to die in prison. from God, through prayer. Pray earn- estly that God will glorify Himself in Pray for these men and for the Korea, by giving all His people here Japanese also, that God may touch grace to truly know, and fully to do their hearts, and that they may learn His blest will." better things and may know that the Gospel of Jesus Christ is a message of The sooner Japanese military rule peace and good-will to men. is replaced by civil government in Ko- rea the better it will be for Korea and Here is another testimony: for Japan. "It is a good time to pray for Korea. Over 100 Presbyterian native Chris-

'THE CALL OF THE LUMBER-JACK A WESTERN LU~lBER-JACK A1'

BY REV. eliAS. A. BOWEN, A.M., PIl.D., OLYMPIA, WASHINGTON m.S CENE ONE.-Night in about. Billy had got sick. Taken to early January. Preach- the hospital thirty miles in from camp. 'vVaited too long. Operation fatal. In illg and singing on the Finland was Billy'S mother, who had been left a widow with four sons, of . street corner. Speaker's , . .~ subject, "The End of a Logger." Fifty or more whom Billy was the eldest but one.

lumber-jacks listening. Gospel talk "Billy was a good boy. His mother ended and a song sung. Fifty copies would like a prayer said and a song of the Gospel of John eagerly taken. sung." In the coffin a fair-haired son Note written in crude hand passed to of the Northmen, a boy of twenty "the pilot": "Pray for Billy. He goes years, manly looking, fine featured and back to camp to-morrow." strong; his high forehead crowned SCENE Two.- Saturday morning, with golden locks looking as if mother middle of July. Telephone: had just combed them. The prayer, "Could the preacher come over to the song, the heart word, the grave, the 'dead house' and talk to the boys then, "Would the preacher write Billy's a while at ten o'clock this morning, mother in Finland?" The letter left 'cause Billy is dead." that day on its ocean way.

Ten o'clock at the undertaker's par- Gigantic, towering trees are not the lors. Twenty Swedish lumber-jacks only thing slaughtered in our great

forests of the Northwest. How about cups-men whose red blood loves fight and whose steel-like sinews would the straight, tall, sturdy, splendid man- grapple with giant men as with giants of the forests. But now they are just hood that goes crashing down? Thirty plain lumber-jacks – "swampers," "choppers," "tritnmers," "teamers," thousand lumber-jacks are actually in "road-monkeys," "cooks," "cookees," "bull-cooks," "punk-hunters," "woodthe forests of western Washington butchers," "pushers," "river-pigs," and alone, and Oregon and Idaho have what-nots. All there together on a common level. Yes, men who have their proportionate number. States- been religious, many of them, in days agone, and who again would crowd up men, materialistic statesmen, have tb the Christ if He were seen and heard again through a great, strong, stirred the nation by their appeals for chivalrous soul. "Go to them," says one of their number on his death-bed, conservation of forests. Is it not about preach to them, tell them of Jesus time that some "voice in the wilder- Christ and His love. You think perness" should stir the Northwest, yea, haps that they are hard to reach, but they have great hearts, and as soon as and the nation, by an appeal for con- they learn to know you they will trust you." servation of this splendid manhood What's There? for which practically nothing is being There are the great forests breathdone? ing out health. No venomous crea- tures crawl or fly among the trees. No Who Are They? noxious exhalations fill the air, but re- sinous odors charge the atmosphere Mother's sons, everyone of them, with health-giving properties. Dangers are thick enough to teach alertness, but all sorts and conditions of men. and common needs are many enough to train men in sympathy and fellow- They must be men of vigorous bodies ship. The strenuous, simple life of heavy toil conduces to purity of and abounding energy. They may life, physical and mental. range in age from the "whistlingpunk" of ten years to the man of fifty, The bunk-house is there, with its long, narrow room, the big stove in "strong, but all stove in." The "lure the center, the damp, steaming cloth- ing hanging about, the dim, loudof the wild" brings them from every smelling lantern, the long rows of bunks, two or three high, filled with walk of life. Thousands from the hay or fir boughs, covered with rough blankets and almost always "insturdy middle class of our own land habited," tired men trying to while away the long evenings with stale and foreign shores-industrious, COlltented, patient and care-free. Sons of the parsonage are there. College graduates, with brilliant minds, are there amid the pines-men who, were they to stand full height in their keen intellect, would tower like the lofty cedars and firs. Men of culture are there-men who can sing and write and speak in five languages. There are many with "a history." Many be- coming disgusted with the veneer of modern life have fled "back to nature."

Other thousands who chafe under re- straint and want to go to hell quick.

Those are there who would like to see return the good old times of our An- glo-Saxon ancestry, when man used human skulls for individual drinking-

CALL OF THE LUMBER-JACK

jokes and musty stories, "turning in" snore; and some cough with early early and arising to "eat by candle pneumonia, some curse, some sing, light" and then off to the timber by some horribly grunt; and some, destarlight. lirious, pick at spiders in the air and talk to monkeys and scream out to be The saloon is usually there, or near, saved from dogs and snakes. Men where thousands of lumber-jacks go reel in yelling groups from the bar shouting to their own ruin, because to watch the spectacle of which they they have nothing else to do when they are not at work. Probably no place- THE FOREST PRIMEVAL not even the mining camp-sees such gigantic debauchery as the lumber- themselves will presently be a part." camp saloon at the paying-off times. The human blood-suckers are there It is done with such abounding laughter and good-fellowship and abandon -the saloon, the gambler, the dealer as to be almost overpowering. The in lust. They all lie in wait for the lumber-jack saloon must have its lumber-jack, with his "roll" after pay- "snake room." This is as necessary day. And that "roll" is not small. as the bar itself. "A logger once The cashier of one of the banks in this counted ISO men drunk in a single city, in answer to a question as to how hotel of a town of 1,200 inhabitants, much money the loggers bring into where fourteen other bar-rooms heart- town, said, "In this one bank we have ily flourished. They overflowed the cashed loggers' pay checks amounting snake-rooms, they lay snoring on the to over $40,000, and it is not near all oar-room floor, they littered the office, in yet." "What will become of that they were doubled up on the stair- money?" was asked. "It wiII nearly landings and stretched out in the cor- all go into the saloons of this town," ridors. Drunken men stumbled over was the ready reply. "Boy," said a drunken men and fell helpless beside friend. "where's your money?" The them; and still, in the bar-room, said young lumber-jack said the saloonhe, beyond the men who slept or keeper had it for safe-keeping. "How writhed on the floor and had been kicked out of the way, the lumberjacks were clamoring three deep at the bar for whisky. Hence the snakeroom. One may not eject drunken men into bitter weather and leave them to freeze. Bartenders and their helpers carry them off to the snake-room when they drop; others stagger in of their own notion and fall upon their reeking fellows. There is no arrangement of bodies, but a squirming heap of them, from which legs and arms protrude, wherein open-mouthed, bearded faces appear in a tangle of contorted limbs. Men moan and laugh and sob and

THE OLD WAX' OF DRAWl.NC LOGS TO THE LUMBER·CAMPS much have you got left?" "Oh, I got Who's Needed? lots left yet," was the happy reply . Soon the boy went away for a few Cel tainly something or some one is moments and then reeled' back again, needed when ten s of thousands of' his frielld say ing to him; "Nea r all stl1rdy, red-blooc1e<1, kind-h earted men in ?" "I came here yesterday morning in life's prime are living by hundreds with $123," said the boy, very drunk- in camps almost wholly neglected. The enly, "and I gave it to the bartenuer fi rst need is a real man, Nothing short to keep for me, and he tells me I have of a real man will do any good, He two-thirty left." must be a man who believes that Jesus Christ can save any man, in any con- Often near the camp is the dance. dition, right on the spot. He must be Saturday evening the lumber-jack able to work without any church; be dresses in his "glad rags" amI, with glad to sleep in a bunkhouse, over a sl1ch women as he knows , dances all saloon, out under the trees, in a stable, night. The fiddle r is a hig h person- o r anywhere he can roU up in a blanage. Next to him is the "caller off," ket. He must be strong of body, of whose happy voice may be easily heart, and of faith . He must sing at hea rd; his task just as the logger swears at his. The smeU of the woods must be "Come to de center and meet yonr J o, sweet to him, just as it is to the lum- Vith ~ clo, si. do, ;].11(1 ;]. Cllcl1lge ),011 kn ow," ber-jack. He must be willing to meet the devil often in human form, and Or, at close range without flinching. He must "spit cant from his mouth in dis- "Firs t an' third c011ples divid e, gust" and ever talk in the vernacular ~wing in de mi lldle and meet 0 11 de side." of the forest. Reverence he must have for holy things and for men, and must Practise and rehearsals of the differ- never lose it, or he is lost. He must ent steps at the bunkhouse is 110 small part of the fun,

CALL OF THE LUilBER-JACK

yearn for these loggers as a mother Pilot's bed several hundred dollars in yearns for her child. Such must be gold, his earnings of many months. the pastor for this "parish of the "Keep it away from me, Pilot," said pines." 01' Johnson, with a g'esture of terror. "For Christ's sake, Pilot, keep it away What Can He Do? from me. If you don't it'll kill me!" The Pilot understood, and shortly af- Given such a man and he can do all ter 01' Man Johnson reached home that is needed. He can pull men out from camp he received a draft for his of hel. Here is what a 111mbe]'-jack money. said when in hell: "Every year for nine years I've tried to get out of the The worker distrilJlltes magazines woods with my stake, and haven't done to the camps. Some years in the logit. Every year I've been kicked ont ging camps of ;linllesota over five of a saloon dead broke. It isn't be- tons of sllch reading matter is disl'anse I want to; it's because I have to. tributed free. "Those who can not It's always back to the tall timber for read have others read to them; some me." look at the pictures. Many men have learned to read in the camp." Such a Here is how such an one was saved real man can teach a poor, ignorant from his hell by a real man: fearing soul bow to die.

"Pilot," said 01' Man Johnson, "take Pat was uneasy as his soul was this here stuff away from me." The about to leave his degraded body. Pilot understood, as the old man, half "Pilot," whispered the dying lumbercrazed by his first few drams of the spree, came into his room and began jack, "I want yez to fix it for me." to empty out of his pockets onto the THE :NEW WAY OF DRAWING LOGS IN LUMBER-CAMPS

"To fix it, Pat?" "Shure, you know The Call phat I mane, Pilot. I want ye to fix it for me." "Pat," answered the Brother Christians of the Northwest Pilot, "I can't fix it for you." "Then," and of the nation, the call of the lumsaid the dying man, in amazement. ber-jack of these great forest States "phat the hell did you come here for?" has come to us. Ve must not turn "To show you how you can fix it." him down nor "pass him up." He is "Me fix it?" Then slowly, simply, the at the back door of all our churches age-old story of repentance and belief in those States. The responsibility of in Ouist was told as only the Pilot sending messengers to him is upon us. God will require it at our hands. It A RAILROAD TRAIN OF LOGGiNG-CAMPS could tell it to that eager, listening ought to be met at once. Vhy not man, nodding his head at intervals. pray the Lord of the harvest that He "Um-huh," muttered Pat, when the will send some reapers into this great Pilot had finished, as one would say, harvest ripening in the forests' sha- "I see." No other word-just "Um- dows? If in humble faith we shall huh." And while breath came shorter, lay this on the heart of God in earnest peace settled down deeper and deeper. prayer, rest assured that he will soon And when death at last would claim lay his forming hand upon men somehis prey, Pat, still holding tight the where fitted for this needy field. Pilot's fingers and still murmuring "Urn-huh, Um-huh," slipt into the Such a messenger will be thrice welpresence of the living Christ. come. The owners of the camps will welcome him. They know that the

MISSIONARY'S

more sober, contented and cheery the woods, will welcome warmly the men are the more work they will do. news that a Pilot has gone to their But we dare not put the owners' in- loved ones. terest on a mere dollars and cents basis. The vast majority of them would With an itinerary over a chain of rather see the lumber-jack save both camps, spending a week or more at his money and his manhood. each one, an immeasurable amount of gnod could be done. General Booth, The loggers always welcome the when once asked, "Where will you get true "sky pilot." His coming breaks your workers ?" instantly replied, the dreaded monotony of camp life. "From among those who are con- Nowhere does the Gospel come more verted." So workers in these great fittingly than in "God's first temples." forest fields could confidently expect The sound of the Gospel is the only helpers right out of the camps themnote needed to make complete for the selves. lumber-jack the harmony of nature all about him. These men in the camps, noted for their generosity, would never let their The fathers, mothers, sweethearts Pilot be in need, but would sUPl,ort and wives whose prayers ever go up him generously. May this call of the to the God of the forests, and whose lumber-j ack he heard and heeded by longing is ever toward the depths of the Christians in our churches.

THE MISSIONARY'S "rIFE BY MISS KATE G. LAMSO'"

~S HE is a most desirable anel usually far fro111 comfortable for ~ person to number occidental guests, while the number among your acquaint- of those who travel in eastern lands ances, whether you increase steadily. For love of travel, meet her in the home- for exploration, for research, for the ~ land, where the good sake of reaching mission fields, the things of life abound, or in any other restless moving mass of wanderers quarter of the globe; but you will surges more and more through counnot go far in a foreign mission field tries formerly considered so remote without deciding that the more YOll as to be inaccessible except under can have of her the better for you. pressure of necessity. Vhere shall She is a wife, which means that she these travelers find lo(lging? The has her husband's interests in which grace of hospitality, so sadly on the to share, and her household over wane in latter-day American life, which to preside. A woman's time shines with an undiminished, almost can be well filled with such cares as with a unique luster upon the forthese and leave no apparent leisure eign field. Here the latch-string is for anything more, but herein lies always out, and constantly it is pulled only the beginning of the demands by the visitors who pass in an unupon the wife on the foreign field. ending stream through the mIssIon- Hotels are infrequent in the Orient, ary home. Very frequently the "an-

BOYS7 BOARD1NG SCHOOL IN INDIA–IN CHARGE OF A MISSIONARY'S WIFE.

gels unawares" are perfect strangers; superstition and "all manner of unstill more often they are only known cleanness." Eternal vigilance is the by name to the hostess, who, the price the mIssIonary hotlsekeeper embodiment of courteous hospitality, pays for a well-ordered home. Yet smilingly bids them welcome. In- scarcely one wife on the mission field variably these guests have needs to who has come under the writer's obbe met. Spent with long journeying, servation limits her activities to the they must be given quiet and rest, or absorbing cares of her own home. even nursing. They. have a certain If her husband is employed in edubent to pursue, for which they must cational work for boys and young have guidance and probably compan- men, she makes it her business to beionship. Letters of introduction must come personally acquainted with his be written, conveyance must be se- pupils. She opens her house to them, cured, the points of greatest interest striving to make them feel sure of a must be thought out and a working cordial welcomc there. ~When they plan arranged. The missionary wife is are sick, she visits them in their full of resources, and seems to have homes or in hospitals, and sends no care beyond the consideration of suitable food to them from her own her guests' interests. Out of sight table. But l1lt only is she her husof that guest a watchful eye Illust band's able second in all his activities, always rest upon the native servants. her special talents of whatever nature Often quite efficient after long train- they may be are called into full requisiing, and warmly attached to the mis- tion. She is very often found presidsionary family with whom they are ing at the organ at the services of the associated, they never are wholly free native church, and training a choir to from the dominating habits of thought lead in the singing. The women and action resulting from centuries of turn to her for guidance in every perplexity, from the proper treatment The education of her own children for a sick child to the finding of a is a pleasant task, tho not an easy means of support for the fatherless one, which devolves upon the missionfamily or the convert whose kindred ary mother. Until her children are have cast her out with scorn and old enough to go away to school she abuse. A tone of irritation or weari- must be their teacher. In spite of ness puzzles and alienates the heart this constant draught upon her tim-e, just turning to the light. The re- she often superintends much wor~ of flected light from dwelling in the education for native childrtn. During prescnce of God is closely watched three months' observation in Ceylon on the face of His servant by the and India the writer of this article followers of other religions who found eight wives and mothers in throng about one on the mission field. charge of boarding-schools for boys No cloud must be allowed to dim that and girls, numbering from 60 to ISO radiance, whatever the provocation or pupils. The mental, moral and physical however unreasonable and incessant welfare of the students was entirely the demands may be. "A heart at under the care of these ladies. Clothleisure from itself, to sooth and sym- ing must be carefully supervised and pathize" is a valued asset of the mis- even provided in cases where it was sionary wife, claimed by the people impossible to secure the cooperation among whom her lot is cast, and by of the parents. Food supplies must the lonely unmarried worker who has be weighed and measured out daily. lately come to the field, and seldom Sick children mu st be watched and does th is claim meet with disappoint- nursed. Other ladies were found takment. ing certain cla sses in th ese schools GJRLS" BOARDING SCHOOL, ABUPPUKOTTAI, INDIA" UNDER TIlE CARE OF THE MISSIONARY'S WlFB or were aiding by advice and in the visits, and together they seek help keeping of accounts. The care of the for a task which calls for the greatday-schools of a station was often est wisdom, tact and forbearance. found to devolve upon some married lady. These schools are established Missionary wives whose children in different parts of a city or dis- are grown sufficiently to be sent away trict, and must be visited regularly in to school, and who are thereby free order that teachers and pupils may from the demands of little people in realize that the sympathetic eye of the home, often extend their labors the missionary is upon them and may be helped by that and by suggestions A WOMAN VENDER> MADRAS to maintain high standards. Generally these schools resolve themselves into beyond the bounds of the mission Sunday-schools as well, and to one station. By train, by tonga, by bulor more of them the lady in charge lock bandy they go, traveling many must go every Sunday, hearing reci- miles to reach the out-posts of their tations, giving out the much-prized district. They supervize village picture-cards, and showing a general schools, direct the work of Bible friendly interest. women in these country places, hold meetings with the women, visit from An important line of work fre- house to house. These expeditions quently found under the care of mar- sometimes cover long periods. Bedried ladies is that of the Bible women. ding and all supplies must be car- These women are the result of Chris- ried. Nights will be spent sleeping in tian training and influence. By the a tent, on the floor of the little nature of the work they are to do church, in the bullock bandy, or posin dealing with individuals and in the sibly in some native house. Meals homes of the people they must be must be cooked as needed. The home mature. No superficial knowledge of and station can not be left without Bible truth will fit them for this task. carefully laid plans for frequent re- They must be carefully drilled. A ports to be received. In case of the lesson must be taught them which they can at once take out and teach again to their pupils, reports of the visits made and the character of the work done must be required regularly, and stich reports must be examined and kindly and wisely criticized. Especially important is it that the spiritua1 life of each woman who thus "bears the vessels of the Lord" should be nourished and developed. Regular meetings for prayer are held with these humble workers in connection with their study of the Word. The missionary lady in charge also gathers them before they start on their daily breaking out of epidemic sickness, or light under a bushel after assuming if some emergency arises, the touring- home cares. If no regular medical missionary must hasten back to aiel work is possible for them, they do the people who depend upon her as not fail to have a special hold upon children on their parents. To those the women of the native community of us who are accustomed to travel who come to them eagerly for adin swift trains, assured of regular vice in matters physical, and readily hours for arrival and departure, and receive help in things spiritual from of comfortable lodging with good the same source. In this way women food at the end of the journey, an are reached who without that influinside knowledge of what is involved ence would never attend religious A TYPICAL MISSIONARY BUNGALOW IN INDIA 111 missionary touring makes it seem services or send their children to a synonym for enduring hardship. Christian schools, Some of the mis- Yet the devoted people to whom this sionary wives so qualified are able to is a part of the year's York hail it do l11uch more than this. Classes for with enthusiasm and proclaim it their the training of nurses have been eschief delight since with it comes such tablished by them, amI supervision of richness of opportunity and privilege. wards and the care of the sick in the station hospital has yielded most help- Quite a different line of activity ful results to the overtaxed physician from any of those mentioned is pur- in charge. Attention to detail is a sued by a limited number of mission- point in which the people of India ary wives who have the unusual are notably deficient. The opportunity qualifications essential to it, namely of the trained medical woman along full medical work. Those who be- this line is great. Two marked infore marriage were graduate physi- stances of work being done by marcians or nurses do not hide their

ried women trained for the medical sent, was brought in. Dreading the' profession may be cited. One acts in pain of the treatment, he clung, close cooperation with her husband, screaming, to his father, and burying who, like herself, is a physician. They his face in his garment refused to have chosen a field with reference to look at the doctor, whose gentle, the peculiar difficulties ' hich it pre- soothing voice coaxing him not to sents. A center of Brahmanism, in- fear the "mem-sahib," gradually trenched in superstition and idolatry, it has been well-nigh inaccessible to quieted his struggles. Women with Christianity while exercising a stulti- infected sores followed. A father fying influence far beyond its own and mother who had walked miles to bring a very sick child within THE I NDIAN EXPRESS-A BULLOCK BANDY borders. A dispensary has been reach of the doctor's treatment lisopened in a native house, with mud tened anxiously to her words as floors. One part is for men, the other she sternly, yet not unkindly, told for women and children. The hus- them how futile would be all her band and wife preside daily over efforts if the daily portion of opium these two departments. A morning should continue to be given the child. spent in the women's dispensary must A child with a loathsome disease was leave an indelible impression. The tenderly examined; one part was cases of opthalmia so prevalent in found to be healing, but an angry the East are never lacking here, and swelling elsewhere must be opened. were present in number on the morn- Gentleness, firmness, skill were everying when the writer visited the dis- where apparent as the doctor handled pensary. A child with trouble in the her patients, and at a little distance ear demanding a mastoid operation, in the same room a group of waitto which the parents would not con- ing women about her, sat a sweet-

MISSIONARY'S

faced Bible woman giving an earnest, own city, conducting two dispensaries, simple Gospel message. The doctor visiting patients in their homes, diand her husband have money for a recting the work of a Bible woman, new hospital, which is in process of and aiding her husband in evangelerection, but added to the cares of istic services for young men. Funds their busy lives is the problem that for a hospital building in a neglected keeps forcing itself upon them-from and densely populous part of the city what source are funds to come for are the great need to complete her the maintenance of this enlarged equipment for usefulness.

A CEYLON MISSIONARY WIFE'S SATURDAY EIBLE CLASS work? Nothing can so break down The "labors more abundant" of Brahman pride and caste prejudice, the wives upon the missionary field and prepare the way for direct Gos- have been but superficially sketched pel teaching as does this ministry to here, and many details, or even lines suffering humankind. The second in- of work, might be added if the picstance is that of an Indian woman. ture were to be made complete. Sub- Determined to fit herself for largest ject to interruptions from which the usefulness, she spent some years with unmarried ladies are exempt, they yet her husband in the United States give of their time and strength to the taking a full course in medicine, while limit of their ability, not grudgingly he pursued his theological studies. or of necessity, but with a full heart She is now a mighty force in her of love and pity. All honor to them!

A NEW TYPE OF

BY REV. HENRY vVf<:STON MUNGER, ILOILO, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS Missionary of the American Baptist I1issionary Union mP ROTES'L~TlSlI has time with his Bible and Spanish Com- made remarkable mentary as he did with his cards. But strides in the Philip- even when his life was as immcral as pines in the last few the average Filipino, he showed a real years, and large num- desire for better things. Whenever I bers have come into the stopt at his house he would question fold of the Protestant Church. Are me concerning the teaching of Holy – these nominal converts "rice Chris- Scripture, and would frequently call tians," or are they growing in Chris- in his friends and servants that I tian graces? The soil in all heathen might speak to them. Last spring he countries is hard, but in a country was baptized-being the first one in which has had a form of Christianity that village to join the Protestant without its power, the soil itself has Christian Church. Now, instead of to be created. One looks almost in worshiping images, he asks God's vain among the Filipinos for real blessing at meals, and has family spiritual aspiration, for a hunger and prayers. thirst for the Truth, for that feeling after God, if haply they may find Him. A few weeks ago when on a visit So cold, so unresponsive, so imliffet· to his home I observed two large ent is the average Filipino to the things images in his room. I did 110t be- of the Spirit that 'we often wonder if lieve he ever bowed to them, but never- there are those with a real heart hun- theless, I was somewhat disturbed ger for the Truth. ?-.i-o wonder the over their presence. Before I had American says the Filipino has no made up my mind how I could be~t character. nut even among this people approach the subject he referred to -superstitious, bigoted, idolatrous, them himself. He said he would have immoral as they are-there are men destroyed them long before, but they and women who are groping after the had belonged to his parents, and the light, "like children crying ill the associations made him reI uctant to de- night, with no language but a cry." stroy them. I called his attention to the Scriptural injunction that we avoid One man-and there are many all appearance of evil, and the subject others-lives in a village on the island was dropt. On my next visit almost of Panay. Three years ago when we the first thing he said to me was that first knew this Filipino, he used in- he had burned the images. toxicants, gambled, worshiped images and kept his concubines, like the ma- He has a large farm, but spends jority of "upper class" Filipinos. To- most of his spare tim.e in visiting day the cards, the wine, the images, the neighboring villages and preaching to concubines are no more. He has given all who will listen, of course, without up all the grosser sins in which he any remuneration. This man belongs formerly indulged, and he is growing to the class of society that is considered in Christian graces. Formerly he and the hardest to reach-a class that is so his family were gambling from morn- immoral and corrupt that the mission- ing to night; now he spends as much ary is often tempted to say, "Ephraim is joined to his idols; let him alone."

CONVERSION OF LOH OF

BY A. Y. NAPIER, YANGCHOW, CHINA ~E VANGELIST FAN is heard that the son whom he had given sixty-five years of age. to his widowed sister had believed in He lives in Ching Nan, the foreign religion, and had gone to a town a day's journey the "foreign devil" to study, he forth- overland north west of with went to Yangchow and brought Yangchow, and be- his son back. But when the son perlongs to the literary class. He was sisted in holding on to the foreign one of Mr. Pierce's first converts and faith, his aunt would have nothing to helpers. do with her adopted son, and drove him from her home. Not long ago I was at Ching Nan, and, with Evangelist Sao, took my Mr. Loh is a prominent man in Mafirst trip to Tsa-gien, another town jar-gieh and he had acquired the habit, thirty miles northwest of Ching Nan. which only good livers can afford, of There I heard an interesting story. About twelve miles from r:VANGt: LlST FAN Of CHINA Tsa-gien there is another town called "Ma-jar-gieh" (meaning smoking opium. Weare familiar the Horse – family – town), in which lives a merchant named a with the whisky fiend, but opium is a Mr Loh, who belongs to the teacher class, and is considered worse master. Mr. Loh was slave, well-to-do. At Tsa-gien he has tho he belongs to the literary class, a sister whose hu sband died, has read the Chinese classics, and was and left her without a child. In a disciple of Confucius. He thought order to comfort his sister, Mr. that he could take his boy home and Loh gave her his first-born SOI1. restore him to his rightful mind, and Just across the street from their take him back to his widowed sister. home an inquirer converted a But he saw such a change in his boy, little shop into a preaching hall, for which he could not account, that in which Mr. Pierce and he secured a copy of the Bible and Evangelist Fan have frequently began to read. As he read the Holy preached the gaspe!. Spirit took the things of Christ and One day, some three or four years ago, big fat Mr. Fan took a: large wheelbarrow and went out there to preach. The young adopted son, who lived across the street, came over to hear the "foreign doctrine." He heard and believed, and soon afterward went to Ching-Nan to study the ScriptureF.

Mr. Fan sent him to Yangchow to Mr. Pierce. And he staid some days with Teacher Dzang at the boys' schoo!. 'Vhen the father, Mr. Loh,

revealed them unto him. Without were in the center of the long buildthe help of medicine he gave up ing. The inn was crowded that night. opium, and, against the wishes of his Some ten or twelve men slept in that wife and family, he joined his son building twenty by thirty feet. The as a disciple of the despised Naza- wheelbarrow coolies and other men rene. slept on straw spread on the ground, covered with one or two quilts. It When Evangelist Sao and I was a damp, cold December night, and spent two days at Tsa-gien, we sent we changed our wet shoes and made a messenger out on Saturday to in- ourselves as comfortable as possible. vite Mr. Loh in to the Sunday ser- After supper Evangelist Fan, Mr. vices. He was away from home and Loh, and I sat on our beds at one end the messenger returned telling us that of the inn to read the Bible. At the Mrs. Loh had curst him for bringing other end the landlord was gambling such a message. Mr. Loh received with some of his guests. The coolies the word, and on Sunday morning made themselves comfortable on the mounted a donkey and came over to dirt floor, and we read the Beatithe services. When he went to the tudes. Mr. Fan is a good quiz maspreaching-place his widowed sister ter, and asked Mr. Loh many quessaw him, for she still lives across the tions. Mr. Loh's replies showed great street from the little chapel, and be- insight into the Scriptures. His refergan to curse him. She did not stop ence Bible was worn and showed until Mr. Sao went over and politely signs of much use. As we talked of requested her to wait till after the religious subjects Mr. Loh referred services were over. "Being reviled to well-known Old Testament charache reviled not again." At the close of ters, and found with ease passages he the service in the afternoon he led in wished to read in the New Testament. prayer, and wept over the condition No man had taught him. I sat there of his people. held in wonder and thanksgiving. Here was a man taught of the Holy Later Evangelist Fan and I took Spirit through God's own Book! a two days' trip overland to Mr. Loh's Every word he spoke demonstrated native town. On the evening of the the fact that the Bible had revealed first day and the morning of the sec- to him his Savior, and that the Holy ond some snow fell. Mr. Loh gave Spirit had been his teacher. He knew us a warm welcome, but explained no man theory of inspiration, but acthat it would be more pleasant for us cepted the Book as God's word, and to go to an inn which was only a cov- His transformation and life and ered walled-in building against the words were proof of its inspiration. street. At one end there was a Chi- ,ese cooking-stove, and along the F..bw thankful we ought to be for valls were plank-bottomed single beds such first fruits of the Gospel, and .m which we could spread our own what a privilege to have part in such bedding, and sit till we were ready to a glorious work! retire. A few tables and benches

THE MISSIONARIES CAME *

' A SCIENTIST'S DESCRIPTION OF THE OLD TIME HEATHENISM OF THE SOUTH SEAS BY REV. WILBUR F. CRAFTS, PH.D., WASHINGTON, D. C. UR steamer having just III, Part I, published December 6, IOI left the Fiji Islands on the way from Australia 1896), on the zoology, botany, ethnol- to Canada, a lady of ogy, and structure of Funafuti, se- wealth and refinement lected as a representative of the coral remarked to her hus- islands of the South Seas, we find the· following carefully certified statements band that she had been made by him as a scientist for scien- reliably informed that the people of tists as to the original heathen customs Fiji were so honest that doors and representative of the South Seas, many windows were not fastened generally, of them displaced by missionary and even at night, and asked him why so other civilizing influences.

unusual a condition existed. Being a W orship.-"The first objects to man of the world, he replied, ingen- which worship was addrest seem to ously, "It must be their beautiful have been thunder and lightning. A scenery and climate." A Christian spirit was worshiped in the form of a woman within ear-shot could not for- sea-bird. To this succeeded ancestor- bear to suggest that the same scenery worship. Any distinguished tribes- and climate were there when the man was on his death added to the people were fierce cannibals, and that Funafuti pantheon. Then a god was the missionary efforts since those days made of red stone and kept in a sort mIght have something to do with the of hen-coop. When anyone fell sick, marvelous social charges. this idol was taken out by the "devil· The gentleman cited is but a sample master" and besought to heal the suf- of the ignorance of missions that is the ferer.

rule rather than the exception on ocean "In order to secure abundance of liners, and is found not only in busi- fish, the idol was borne thrice around ness men, quick to believe the false- its temple by a procession of naked hoods circulated by traders, but also men and women, stript for that sacred among university men and even among service. The priests or sorcerers re- some church-members. ' quired the first-fruits of every catch It is perhaps not sufficiently realized to be presented to the god, and all rare by missionary writers that a whole articles washed up by the sea or pro- generation has come up since the days cured from ships. To enforce this, when the grosser forms of heathenism the people were taught that the god were seen and reported by mission- knew everything and would send death aries. It is desirable, in order to pro- to anyone who withheld any treasure.

duce intense missionary conviction "Sometimes a sorcerer would de- among the doubters in the main aisles clare a certain person was about to be of our churches especially, that testi- sick. The victim must then reside in mony should be given by other than the temple and be treated with en- missionary witnesses of the awful chantments twice a day. He was placed past, that it may be set in effective in the smoke of a fire so that the de- contrast to the present improved tho mon's eyes might be blinded and he not id~al conditions in missionary escape. One means of divination was fIelds. spinning a cocoanut, success depend- Old-time Conditions ing on how it lay when it came to rest.

In a scientific monograph prepared "The priest or 'devil-master' must by Mr. Charles Hedley for the Aus- always fix the propitious date for ca- tralian Museum, Sydney, of which in- noes to start on voyages to other stitution he was conchologist (Memoir islands, and accompany the expedition.

'From The Christian Endeavor World If a canoe missed its destination, the each wearing the sacred leaflet on his starving crew killed and ate the false left ann, with necklaces of flowers.

prophet. In this costume they had been dancing "Each priest lived apart in idleness, and performing wild incantations to except as he was occasionally occupied the gods all night. In response, their with incantations. He secured an oracle, speaking through the idol abundance of free lunches by the priest, had declared no foreign god or promise of divine favor or punishment. missionary teacher should be allowed When he would have the people think to land.

he was receiving a message from the "In r873, when these conditions gods, he acted as one 'possest,' glarin!:; existed, it was also the custom when in wild frenzy, foaming, and raving. a great chief or much-loved head of "In one representative pantheon, a family died to disinter the corpse that of Niutao, a series of oval and on the third day, cut off the head, flat stones were each considered the from which the 'sacred men' would abode of a particular god. The people gnaw the dead flesh and eat it, and standing near worshiped all those then the skull was placed on a tray in gods at once. In one idol-house the the temple beside other skulls to be god was the central side post, larger thenceforward an object of worship.

and crookeder than the other posts, but Periodically these sacred skulls were wholly destitute of carving. To this taken down to be oiled, while women crooked, eyeless, handless god were wept and beat their eyes until they offered three green cocoanuts and a were so swollen that they must keep sacred leaflet twice a day. Another the house for days.

cocoanut leaf was fastened to the wor- "On the arrival of a ship or canoe shipers' arm as a badge of fidelity to from any other island or country, dis- his idol. In one temple a smooth agreeable incantations were performed pebble on a swinging tray was wor- for half a day in a burning sun to shiped as an idol. Many natives wor- deprecate the wrath of the gods in re- shiperl the devil under the symbols of gard to the new arrival. They prayed cocoanut leaves, skip-jacks, and also that no disease might be brought wooden posts. by the ship, or if brought, it might be "In the same island Niutao every 'taken to Fiji.'

heathen family had a small devil-hut "Closely related to ancestor-worship in which a grass hammock was swung is the fear that the ghosts of dead for the evil spirit to sleep in, where n;latives would return to injure the offerings of fresh nuts were brought living, to prevent which the dead were every morning. These offerings at in the pagan days buried face down- the many shrines were usually eaten wards, chin and knees meeting, and by the priests. the limbs tied securely with strong "In Nanomana the skulls of de- cord. Articles of value and utility parted chiefs were laid on the altars, were buried with the dead, partly to under which were suspended offerings placate their ghosts, no doubt, and of pearl shell and other valuables. One partly to provide for their future sub- god was represented by an unchiseled sistence.

block of stone six feet high, resemb- "In the native huts no fires were ling a gravestone. These savages kindled at night lest it should prevent worshiped shooting-stars and rain- the gods coming in a shadowy form bows, but the principal objects of wor- with a message. Half a century ago, ship were skulls and jaw-bones of the in some of the more isolated islands, dead. where the natives were ignorant of "On the arrival of a company of any land but the spot they inhabited, Europeans in those pagan days, crowds drift-logs that came to the shore were of men ran to the beach to meet them, deemed direct gifts from a propitiated besmeared with ashes mixed with oil, deity. A native boy, on hearing thunder, told a traveler it was their god turn they habitually carried with them shooting pigeons." a boy captive to Tonga, to serve, when he grew to manhood, as a reminder Social Customs.-"As usual among that the northern islands were ripe for the Polynesians, sexual morality on another foray.

Funafuti was of the laxest before the "One of the Tongan chiefs who reintroduction of Christianity, and chas- mained in possession of Funafuti after tity was unknown. A wife belonged such a foray practised cannibalism to to her husband in so far as she shared such an extent that after a short while his home. He supported her, and there were only women and children was entitled to the produce of ber left. Clubs and great double-edged labor; but he did not claim the exclu- wooden swords, fifteen feet long and sive right to her person. If a man edged with sharks' teeth, were kept desired the society of another man's in the larger temples for display on wife, he might throw a pebble into the festive occasions in honor of the gods." hut as he walked by. The complaisant husband, accepting the signal, would The Entrance of Light then leave and allow the visitor to enter unmolested." So in Nanomana, The foregoing are facts laboriously "women, tho married, were common, verified by a scientist by examination but the children belonged to the legal of many witnesses, native and foreign. husband." These cruel customs and the more cruel fears that filled the people's "The usual sequence of such unre- hearts with daily terrors have mostly stricted intercourse, infanticide, was disappeared in such islands as have generally practised upon Funafuti. In- for half a century been under misdeed, it was once obligatory to destroy sionary influence before the "light that each alternate child. Mothers were maketh all things new." The heathen expected to enter the lagoon before temples have been torn down. The an expected birth, that the child might "devil-masters" have disappeared. be immediately drowned. On N iutao and N ukufetau the ancient rule was Hawaii, for example, once blighted to rear only two children in each fam- with such darkness as we have deily. In some islands it was the custom scribed, is to-day the embodiment of for the men only to eat porpoises, for Christian brotherhood. All races it was a superstition that if women mingle in school and business, church ate them their children would have and society, in absolute equality of porpoise faces. Two or more married privilege. These native converts are CDuples often lived together in a hut by no means faultless. Many of them of about twelve feet by twenty. are but children in mental and moral strength. They feel the unfavorable "It was a common custom before influence of tropical heat and a life the introduction of Christianity to cut where the means of subsistence are off a joint of a finger on the death of easily procured, but the transformation a member of a family." wrought by missions in Pacific islands in three-quarters of a century is a War.-"The Ellice Islands were miracle that should win the support, not only of the O1ristians, but of all long ago invaded by Tongans who intelligent humanitarians. came in several gigantic war-canoes, each holding a hundred men. They Whatever God might- do for the were accustomed to make the circuit heathen in the future if we did not of the entire archipelago, landing' al evangelize them, we are bound to save each island and massacring the people. them-and there are many yet in such Their object was not head-hunting or cases as we have described-from their to procure the means of a cannibal present hell of cruelty and fear. feast, but merely slaughter to indulge their lust for bloodshed. On their re-

CONNECTING LINK *

A STORY FROM INDIA BY MISS ANSTICE ABBOTT YANRAO came She waited for his usual cheery word, out of the bungalow but when she saw him turn away in with a glow of purpose silence to put by his coat and turban, on his face. His finely her heart gave a throb of anxiety. chiseled features quiv- ered slightly, but in his Usually when he returned at even- eyes was a stedfast ing, the children were in the court, light. His head erect, he threw his "11h joyous welcome and ready for a long, white scarf gracefully with a glad play. His wife always at the quick gesture over his left shoulder door, expecting a passing caress and a and walked through the gate into the "Dinner late as usual ?" or "Rice street with a firm step. burned up, I suppose!" or something which, accompanied by a comic frown, He had come to a crisis in his life. meant, translated, "The best dinner in What was beyond, who could tell? the town is ready for me, I know." Hut now, come what would, his pur- At any rate, the pretty housekeeper pose was unchanging. There must be always took care that it should be so, no more delay. To-night the matter and she knew that her lord and master must be settled, and she-ah !–. fully appreciated the comforts of hi5 tidy home. But to-night the hour was It was growing late dusk, but his unusually late, and the children had wife's face came up clear before him. gone to bed on their mat in the next room. The mother, recalling the anxi- He recoiled a moment, almost stopt, ety in the father's eyes, and feeling and then, with a little gasp, went the silence, made ready the meal with slowly on with his head bent. He an unwonted dread in her heart. seemed to study the face before him. Her hair, how rteat it was and shining Her husband, removing his upper in its blackness, the smooth, full fore- garment as was his wont, sat down on head, the proud little nose, the sweet the floor before the well-filled board, mouth, the beautiful brown eyes, lim- and his wife waited upon him. Not pid and tender. He could even see knowing what to make of his preoccuthe pretty earrings he had just given pied face, not sad, but strangely grave, her twinkling in her dainty ears. Such she studied his every want. When, a bright, happy face altogether! Could however, in returning with fresh water he ever bear to see that loved face to refill his brass cup, she saw his hand blanched with horror, and even repul- resting on the rice, with a mouthful sian? Repulsion toward him? He shut held listlessly in his fingers, she could his eyes and set his teeth with a groan. bear the anxiety no longer, but, going Then coming to himself, he drew up behind him, she said in a low and sharply and looked about to see if any troubled voice: "Will not my lord tell one had noticed him. his Yamuna what weighs upon him? Is he ill?" Whatever the trouble, he no longer brooded over it or its result, but hast- Looking up quickly and with his ened to his home. Yes, there was the usual smile, he answered: "No, not dear face just as he had seen it, a little in the shadow of the door, but ill. r must have been thinking." with a smile of greeting. Crossing the court, he stept into the house and, "Is it of trouble? Of some calamtaking his wife's chin into his hand ity?" caressingly, he looked with tender anxiety into her loving eyes. Her eye- "No, no calamity." Then, as if to lids dropt and she moved back quickly himself: "But what the result will into the shadow that he might not see be, God only knows." a swelling tear roll down her cheek. As he fell to eating again, Yamu- nabai did not dare to question him further. She waited upon him with "From "The Stolen Bridegroom and other East Indian Idyles." Fleming H. "evell Co.. N. Y. even more care than usual. Then, after heard of Him somewhere; then, he had finished his meal she cleansed drooping her head, she answered the brass dishes, taking a mouthful gravely, "The Son of God," and here and there from what her husband trembled at her audacity. had left on his plate, for she had no heart to sit down and eat the food she "Where did you learn that?" he had laid aside for herself. said.

While she was so occupied, Nara- As she did not answer at once, he yanrao was restlessly moving about went on: "The Bible-women, as they the little room. He put his upper gar- call them, was it not? Those whom I ment on again as if to sit on the little veranda, as was his custom, ready to forbade the house? Have they been chat with any neighbor who might here ?" come in, or, as if going himself to a neighbor's; but' he did not go out. "Oh, no, they have not been here; He took a book from a shelf and put I have never disobeyed you in that." it back again; sat down to a table and She could say no more, but bowed her arranged his writing materials, then head under the expected wrath of her pushed them aside; at last, he slyly husband. took a book out of his coat pocket and began to read in it. As soon as it Narayanrao awoke at once to the was quiet in the room, the father heard realization of his own cowardice. He his little son singing very softly and was making his trembling little wife sweetly, "Jesus loves me, this I know." confess, while he was gaining time to A baby voice tried to join him as he strengthen his courage. So bravely, went on in the hymn, whereupon there but with an unsteady voice, he said: were whisperings and smothered little "Yamuna, what would you say if you gigglings. Then a repetition. The knew that your husband believed in chorus went better, for the baby sister and loved this same Jesus?" could lisp, "Jesus loves me, Jesus loves me." The man listened intently, and She started and came nearer to her when his wife seemed to have finished husband. What did he mean? Was her work, he called her to him and he in this cruel way drawing out of said: "What are the children singing? her a confession that he might de- Where did they learn that?" In an nounce her? What had he heard? In instant the little voices were hushed. the rapidity of these thoughts, she for- The children had thought their father got that he was awaiting an answer, had gone outside as usual, for their and he, guessing her thoughts, said mother had told them not to sing when gently: "Do not be afraid, my be- their father could hear them, as it loved Yamuna, but speak and tell me, would disturb him. Her true fear for it is true." was of angering him. So, in a low voice and with dread in her heart, she For answer, she sank down at his answered: "Vishnu learned it at the feet and began to weep bitterly. The mission school. You remember, you husband was greatly perplexed. W.hile 'told me I might send him there, as the he had all the time feared his wife's government school is too far away." sorrow and anger when she should learn that he had become a Christian, "Do they teach their religion to the yet at the same time he had felt that children?" something had changed her of late. It was long since he had heard her sharp "They teach them hymns and verses little tongue in torrent of scornful from their Scriptures." abuse of a neighbor or a cheating trader, but it was only the day before "Who is this Jesus they are singing that a neighbor had told him that the about!" Bible-women were going regularly to neighbor Radhabai's, and that it would The wife looked up in quick sur- be well for him to look after his wife, prize. Surely her husband must have as she was often there to hear the preaching. So, while it never entered his mind that his wife cared for those

things, he had hoped that she would the doings in Radhabai's house. But not be heartbroken at the news he had little Vishnu had to go to school, and to bring her. He bent down and the government school was far away: touched her forehead gently: "Tell what was to be done? A Christian me, Yamuna, why you weep; are you school was near and many little Brah- grieved because I have become a Chris- man boys attended it. "They learned tian ?" well," it was said, "and really their She controlled herself with a great manners were improved." So, after effort and looked up into his face. See- a deal of hesitation, Yamunabai had ing tears in her husband's eyes, but asked the father what had better be a smile on his face, she clasped her done? He, in his indifference, had hands together, and, looking up be- said: "Send him to the mission yond him, she ejaculated, "Jesus, I school. It will do him no harm while thank Thee" and then followed an- he is so young." Vishnu went. He other burst of tears. was only six years old, but a bright After a long silence, they began to little boy.

explain to each other how this had He soon conquered that long Mara- come about. As for N arayanrao, a thi alphabet singly and in all its com- tract put into his hands in the street binations, and his mother was proud had called his attention to Christ; then of him. Then he began to hum about he had occasionally stopt to hear the the house, and his little voice was very street preaching of missionaries and sweet. The mother paid no attention native helpers. Then he had bought a to the words he sang, until he began New Testament and read it. One day to teach them to his baby sister. The in his office work, he had to take a word Jesus seemed to occur very often government paper to a missionary. in the hymns and the baby learned to This gentleman's bearing and upright- lisp the name in her attempts to join ness so attracted him that this chance her dearly loved brother. "Jesus!"

meeting led to many more, until the He was the one the Bible-women were friendship ripened into Christian always telling about. "Jesus" and brotherhood. He would have confest "love" seemed always to go together Christ long before, had it not been for in the children's singing. She would fear of estranging his much-loved slip arOllnd to Radhabai's the next wife. The Whisper, the day before, time the Bible-women came there.

that Yamunabai was listening to the Radhabai had been very brave and in- Bible-women, awakened in him the dependent in welcoming these women, purpose to tell his wife of the new and she did not seem to be any the faith he had accepted. So this even- worse for it. Surely anything about ing he had come to his house later love could not be very bad! So think- than usual, having spent an hour with ing, Yamunabai at first stood at Rad- his friend, the missionary, in asking habai's door. She would not go in.

counsel and prayer, and in receiving The next time she did "just step in."

strength and encouragement. But "the old, old story" was so very As for Yamunabai, when she saw· sweet, it had in time conquered her, that her husband's "early hours, etc." and the proud little Brahman widow had made him neglect the worship of sat with other Brahman women, at the their gods, she had been more assid- feet of those whom before they had uous than ever in all the religious reviled and called "the defiled women."

duties of the day, as a loyal Brahman Sitting there, they heard of the love wife should be. When the Bible- of Christ; how He suffered and died, women began to come into their little that they, the women of India, might street, she heard them with curiosity be saved.

until her husband had forbidden her The husband and wife took no note to ask them into their court. Then she of time as they related their heart's tossed her little head in fine scorn of history to each other. And Yamuna-

GOD THINKS OF MISSIONS

bai, after she had finished her story, I should have been heartbroken also asked her husband when it was that to think that our happy home. had he had first begun to think of -these ceased to be. The missionaries are things. wise to send women to teach us women about the Savior, otherwise there "Nearly two years ago," he an- would be nothing but quarrels and swered. "The day our N ana, our first- partings. The men would be saved, born, died. Coming back from the but we poor wives, how could we know burning-ground a man on the street of the love of Christ? But now the put a tract in my hand. I should have same Ouist who meets you in the indignantly pushed it away only that streets, and comes to our children in the large heading caught my eye: 'He the schools, finds us in our own homes. shall live again!' I took the tract, Blest be His name! The Bible-women read it, and re-read it many times. are such good, kind women, too. Oh, That was the beginning. For a year how happy I am to-night." I have been almost persuaded to become a Christian; the fear of breaking ill'arayanrao's face also shone with up our happy home has prevented me, joy, as reverently bending over the and I do not know when I should have table with his hand on his wife's shoulhad the courage to make the decision der, he thanked the Lord for His wonand tell you of it, if Mahadarao had derful salvation and asked Him to not cautioned me to look after you. bless the Bible-women who had been But I thought if my wife listens to the means of bringing them together the Bible-women she will not be very at the feet of Christ. angry with me, and I could not help a little hope that possibly she might Thus the little Brahman home had sympathize with me." its first consecration by family prayer to "the King eternal, immortal, invis- "Ah, yes," said Yamunabai, "if I ible, the only wise God," the God who had not listened to the Bible-women "so loved the world that He gave His how very different things would have only begotten Son, that whosoever bebeen to-night. I should have been so lieveth in Him should not perish, but horrified, so very angry with you, and have everlasting life."

WHAT GOD THINKS OF MISSIONS * BY C. F. REID I}SJ0ME months since I to, and this proved a little too much. was attending a district I arose and said: "Keither does the conference in a wealthy devil think much of foreign missions, rural section where na- nor did the church-members in Christ's ture seemed to have poured out her gifts day. The important question, my with lavish abandon. brother, is not what the devil or the The reports the preachers were giving Pharisees or your people think about of their work were not very encour- foreign missions, but what God thinks aging. Finally one young man arose on the subject." and said, "My people don't think much of foreign missions," and said it in a StiII pondering over the incident, I way that indicated that he rather sym- returned to my room and oicked up pathized with them. my Bible. I found that God's first promise to faIl en man was a mission- My nerves had become somewhat ary promise. I found that God said unstrung by the reports I had listened to Abram: "Get thee out of thy coun- try and from thy kindred and fr0111 *.From The Missionary J! oice

thy father's house, unto a land that would make him a Jew. He would I will show thee and in thee have none of it and named himself the shall all the families of the earth be "Son of Man"-the great, universal blessed." Abram was evidently a for- man. iThen he speaks of the scope of eign missionary. his mission, he cries, "I am the light I found that Joseph was a mission- of the world/' and when he indicates ary to Egypt, Jonah a missionary to that of his disciples, he declares: "Ye Nineveh, and Daniel a missionary to are the salt of the earth." .

Babylon. God did not always have a When Jesus taught his disciples to Board of Missions to work through or pray, he taught them to pray in world a great ocean liner by which to trans- terms. In his own wondrous prayer port his missionaries, but he saw to it in the seventeenth chapter of John the that transportation was provided and word "world" occurs thirteen times, that his sent men arrived. I found and the words "Judea" and "Jerusa- that David was a great missionary lem" not at all.

hymnologist. When Jesus promised, he promised Isaiah was the missionary prophet. in world terms: "Go ye therefore, and 'hat a ring of missionary triumph teach all nations, baptizing them in the there is in the sixtieth chapter! In name of the Father, and of the Son, another moment of spiritual exaltation and of the Holy Ghost; teaching them he is able to project his prophetic to observe all things whatsoever I have vision through twenty-seven centuries commanded you: and la, 1 am with and see China (the Land of Sinim) you alway, even unto the end of the coming to Christ and to declare that world. Amen." Many people would "the nation and kingdom that will not like to have the promise without the serve him shall perish; yea, those na- condition. That is not God's way. He tions shaIl be utterly wasted." who would have the companionship As I glanced through it seemed to of the Master must walk where he me that the Old Testament was simply walks, and he walks most where he a record of God's missionary trans- is most needed.

actions, making and unmaking nations Some one said to Tohn Foster, for- and, by providences and providential merly Secretary of State: "Mr. Fos- men, preparing for the great mission- ter, why are you so interested in send- arv c;c,J11paivl1 of his neerless Mission- ing the Gospel to China? The Chi- ary, Jesus Christ, His Son. nese have their own religion, and they On the night Jesus was born God don't want yours." Mr. Foster re- sent his angel choir with glory and plied: "Why did God send Jesus power to proclaim again his unswerv- Christ to Judea? They had their own ing missionary program: "I bring religious beliefs and did not want his, you good tidings of great joy which and as soon as they understood his shall be to all people." When the days mission they began to persecute him of preparation were past and he stood and finally nailed him to the cross, a on the threshold of his ministry, the missionary martyr."

same great policy was announced by So as I read and pondered I thought his forerunner: "Behold the Lamb of again of my preacher friend who re- God that taketh away the sin of"- ported "My people don't think much Judea? Nay, verily!-"the sin of the of missions," and I thought to myself: 'World." "Well, your people and the devil don't In speaking of his mission, he de- think much of missions, but God thinks clares: "My meat is to do the will of much of missions, and I prefer to him that sent me." What is a mission- throw my lot in with Him until from ary but one who is sent/' The Jews Terusalem to Timbuctoo the Son of wanted to limit the sphere of his min- God and Son of the universal man istry, even as many do to-day, and so shall have found the universal lost he they called him "Son of David." That came to seek and to save."

EDITORIALS

COMPARATIVE RELIGION out the revelation given through Christ and the Bible. History proves that CHRISTIANITY as presented by there is "no other Name under heaven our Lord Jesus Christ and by His given among men, whereby we must apostles will stand the test of the most be saved" than the name of Jesus rigid investigation. Its ideals and doc- Christ. He came to a lost worldtrines need not fear comparison with lost, away from God, not knowing the the best that all the other religions of way to God and unable to find the way the world can offer. Confucianism and Home. Those who worship idols do early Chinese theism teach a lofty not worship God. Idolatry and the code of morals and a high idea of non-Christian religions form, not God. Buddhism has much beauty and stepping-stones, but stumbling blocks truth in its doctrines of self-abnega- to those seeking God. Idolatry has tion ane! in the example of its founder. ever been a heinous sin and has been Shinto has high ideals of character connected with gross abominations. and loyalty. Hinduism and Zoroastrianism are not without a large amount Anyone who holds that missionof moral and philosophical beauty and aries should not teach non-Christians strength. Islam makes a powerf'lll they are lost without Christ, would presentation of monotheism and devo- make Him to have lived and died in tion to God. Even the pagan religions vain, and take issue with Him who have elements of truth, and in their said, "The Son of Man came to seek deepest truths and highest interpreta- and to save that which was lost." tions of their religion may be credited with some good influence in keeping A MISSIONARY PRESS BUREAU men and women from utter indifference to God. T HIS is an age for pUblicity. The gathering and scattering of news But these religions are all so unau- is both an art and a business of trethoritative in their teachings and so mendous proportions. The work of powerless to lead men to God and to Christian missions is the greatest busiset them free from the bondage of sin, ness in the world. It has the greatest that we come from a study of com- field, the greatest commodity, the parative religion with the conviction greatest list of backers and patrons, that Christianity presents the only true the greatest force of agents, the greatinterpretation of God and the only re- est benefits conferred on the recipients, vealed way of salvation for man. the greatest Power behind it, and the greatest assurance of success. Some students of comparative religion are becoming apologists for Surely, if ever a business deserved heathenism, and even take issue with proper advertising or exploitation it Christ as to the character and influence is the missionary business. It would of idolatry. They hold that these re- pay the missionary boards and societies ligions are "stages of spiritual devel- to secure the services of the best Chrisopment in a humanity seeking after tian newspaper agents obtainable, and God." Some even go so far as to say to entrust to them the work of gatherthat "no missionary to-day would tell ing news from all the world and of pagans that he feared Mussulmans and scattering it through the religious and Hindus would be lost." secular press and among representa- tives of Christian churches. There are unique instances in which pagans or other non-Christians have Nothing of this kind has ever been come very near to God, but there are undertaken on an adequate scale. It no instances in which any pagan or would need to be sufficiently financed non-Christian people have been led to and to be manned by men and women know God and follow him truly with- of experience, but it might do untold

good in correcting false reports and ably to "investigate missions" there, disseminating stimulating, educational and so on around the world. facts as to the progress of the Kingdom of God. Such a news bureau It is positively stated that Mr. Ruswould become a clearing-house for sell did not meet a single missionary missionary information that is not mis- in Tokyo, while, if his purpose had information. Here is an opportunity been genuine, he could have stayed for some Christian philanthropist to until January 3rd, when a hundred of do an immense work for Christ and the leading missionaries of Japan met His Church. in the annual conference of the Fed- erated Missions of Japan. At that A PECULIAR INVESTIGATION OF conference he could have learned something from the missionaries about MISSIONS their work and its outlook.

W E do not believe in advertising Advertising is an art, and the finan- what we have reason to consider cial success of many a "fake" business a fraud, but at times attention should enterprise is due to extensive and be called to frauds already widely ad- skillful use of printer's ink. Pastor vertised. "Pastor C. T. Russell" has Russell is a great advertiser, and has been posing before the Christian people deceived many good people into thinkof the United States and other coun- ing him a great teacher. His record tries since 1886. His publications in Pittsburgh has been exposed by the were issued at first under the some- Brooklyn Eaglc. His teachings are what ostentatious title "Millennial exposed in a recent pamphlet published Dawn" from "Zion's Watch Tower," by C. C. Cook, New York, and in The Pittsburgh, Pa. Then he removed to Fundamentals. Brooklyn, N. Y., whence his publications now come forth under misleading rHE ARTHUR T. PIERSON MEMORIAL titles like "People's Pulpit of Brooklyn," "Brooklyn Tabernacle," "Inter- A Year Ago-A Year Hence national Bible Students' League," etc. The teachings of Mr. Russell have ONE year ago, on June 3, 191 I, been shown to be "a mixture of Uni- Arthur T. Pierson, the Editor-intarianism, Universalism, Second Pro- chief of the MISSIONARY REVIEW for bation, and Restorationism." nearly a quarter of a century, "fell asleep" at his home in Brooklyn. He Lately this much advertised speaker left a rich heritage in the volumes that started upon an "investigation" of mis- had come from his pen, and in the sions under the auspices of tht "Inter- personal influence that his life and national Bible Students' Association." words had exerted on thousands of The report of this so-called investiga- other lives. tion has been published in se.cular magazines and papers, but no friend The last active work he did was in of Christian missions should be mis- connection with a journey to the misled by such an "investigation." sion field, when he visited Japan and Korea and wrote concerning the re- Dr. J. L. Dearing, of Japan, calls sults of his observation. The eagerattention to the fact that the party ar- ness of the Koreans for the Word of rived in Yokohama on December 30th. God, their readiness to sacrifice time The next day Mr. Russell preached and money for an opportunity to study in Tokyo at the Y. M. C. A. Hall, and teach it, and the apostolic characwhich had been secured under misrep- ter of the work in Korea greatly imresentation by some advance agent. prest him. No missionaries ever The audience was very small. On seemed to be more filled with the Holv Monday, January 1st, the party started Spirit or more true to the Bible and by an overland express journey to Christ ~ha.n those in charge of the Koovertake its steamer at Kobe, whence rean mIssIons. its members sailed for China, presum- It was, therefore, suggested by friends that funds be given for a Pierson .Memorial Bible School in Korea, trustees in Seoul, when they have been the cost to be determined by the duly organized and incorporated. The amount of the contributions. There following- conditions are made by the were some generous responses in sums New York Committee: ranging between $5 and $5,000 each. I. The school shall be union or After much correspondence and con- interdenominational and shall be called ferences with missionaries of the Pres- "The Arthur T. Pierson Memorial byterian and Methodist churches and Bible School."

the Y. M. C. A. in Korea, the com- 2. It shall be located in Seoul, Ko- mittee have undertaken to cooperate rea, on a site selected by the trustees with the Union Bible Institute in Seoul and approved by the New York Com- to establish the Memorial Bible School mittee.

in the Capital City. The amount ~. The purpose of the school shall needed is at least $35,000, as follows: be to teach the Bible, as the "only in- r. Main building, containing class- fallible rule of faith and !practise"

rooms, auditorium, administration of- and to train Korean Christians for fices, library and social rooms, $r6,o00. Christian work. Its teachings shall in- 2. Men's dormitory, for about 70 clude the deity of Jesus Christ and sal- men, three in a room, $7,000. vation only through his atoning work.

3. Women's dormitory, for about 70 4. The Board of Trustees shall be women, three in a room, $7,000. composed of representatives of mis- Land must also be purchased and sions working in Seoul, including the equipment must be provided, so that Presbyterian Mission (North) and the $35,000 is a small sum with which to Methodist Episcopal Missions (North provide for 150 Korean Christians and South). Members shaH be elected each year, that they may be trained in annually to serve three years, shall be a knowledge of the Bible and for nominated by the board and elected Christian work. by the missions which they represent.

We venture to say that no similar 5. The financial support of the Bible amount could be invested at home or School shall be guaranteed by the vari- elsewhere that could mean as much ous missions represented on the board, for the advancement of the cause of in amounts proportionate to their rep- ] esus Christ. To-day is the critical resentation.

time in Korea, and presents opportu- 6. The final plans for buildings, or- nities for converting a nation and for ganization and management of the molding a church that may never be Bible School shall be submitted to the presented again. New York Committee for approval be- The committee have already re- fore adoption. After the final approval ceived in cash and pledges about $17,- of these, the New York Committee 000, and it is hoped that other friends shall be discontinued.

of Dr. Pierson and of his Master, Any friends who are led to desire Jesus Christ, will be glad to take a to contribute toward this work, may share in this great work. There have send their gifts to the office of the been no direct appeals for funds, as MISSIONARY REVIEW, checks and the committee believe that givers money orclers being- made payable to should be moved by the Spirit of God. order of D. W. McWilliams, treas.

The purpose is not to perpetuate a A year hence-who can prophecy 1'an.(', Lut to carryon a work for God what awaits tis? What will be the -a 'vvork tbat is greatly needed and results of our stewardship? Will that that has already marked signs of His which we have, still be in our hands blessing. to give, or will we have been called The committee proposes to place the to give an account to God? A vear $17,000 already contributed, and what- hence we hope that the Memorial Bible ever other sums may be Riven for the School will be a reality and a power same purpose, into the hands of the for God in Korea. THE CHURCH AND THE from the statement of the superintend- ent of the City Mission that she and IMMIGRANTS her two women assistants can use nine languages, while the three mission- I N the article by Mr. Leroy Hodges aries in the Congregational churches (MISSIONARY REVIEW, March, can use six more, but that these fifteen 1912, page 167), attention is called to languages are only about one-half of the fact that, generally speaking, "the thuse needed for work in the cosmo- churches in America are not doing politan city. their full duty" toward the immi- grants. This is, unfortunately, true, The problem of the Church and the but at the same time there are many immigrant is a most complex and dif- churches and some whole communities ficult one, and it can not be handled which are carefully and systematically until we have missionaries for each studying the subject of their duty to nationality who are familiar with the the foreigners at their doors, and they slJecific language. In an early num- are trying to meet their obligations. A ber of the REVIEW we are to give our good example of this we have found readers the story of "What New in New Britain, Conn., a manufactur- Britain Churches Are Doing for the ing city where the population is 80 Immigrants." per cent. foreign, and largely very recently foreign. "THE CATHOLIC WORLD"-A CORRECTION In New Britain the City Mission works through the churches, and, I N the April number of the REVIEW since it has no separate hall or building a paragraph appeared, credited to where to hold services, in the churches. the Catholic World, which stated that Different churches open their doors to Homan Catholics were to wield their different sets of foreigners, who, as votes to gain the ascendency in Amerfar as possible, are ministered to in ica. This paragraph and sentiment is their own language, until they can un- repudiated by the editor of the Cathoderstand English and be drawn into lic World, who says that it never apthe Sunday-school and regular serv- peared in those pages. ices. The City Mission's superintendent, Mrs. B. W. Labaree (formerly a It seems to have originated in some missionary in Persia), and her assist- other paper and was copied by the ants are available at any time for start- MISSIONARY REVIEW. By mistake the ing and carrying on such work in the name of the paper from which it was different churches, the plan being to copied was omitted. We regret this start as rapidly as seems wise and error and are thankiul that the paraprofitable, different lines of City Mis- graph is repudiated by the Catholic sion work in the different churches, World. and to direct such work only so long as is necessary until the church can CREDIT GIVEN take control of it. T HE very clever and striking illus- The two large Congregational trations that appeared in our May churches of New Britain have had and]une numbers, "The True Chriswork for distinct nationalities for a tian Eye-glasses," and "The Lord's number of years, not, in any sense, Prayer Revised," should have been under the direction of the City Mis- credited to the United Presbyterian sion, tho in close cooperation with it. Year Book, from which ihey were They are employing three mission- copied. aries. The wheel showing the Bible as the But while New Britain is making an hub for the "Evangelization of the effort to reach the foreigners and the World," in our June number, should lapsed masses in the city, there is much have been credited to the International room for improvement. This is clear Sunday-school Association.

WORLD-WIDE

MISSIONARY NEWS THE OCEAN WORLD dominion legislature submitted to the Church Union in Australia vote of the people a proposal that the manufacture, sale and importa- T HE Episcopalians and Presbyter- tion of intoxicating liquors into the ians in Australia have agreed upon islands should be forever prohibited. a basis of cooperation and union in The result of the voting was a very which there is a statement concerning sub3tantial majority adverse to the orders, each apparently retaining its sa1oons-2 55,ooo votes for prohibiown formula of faith. The resolu- tion as opposed to 202,000 against tion reported it as follows: "That it. But the affirmative majority in a union of the Church of England in this case figures out only 55 per cent. Australia and Tasmania and the Pres- of the total poll, and the constitubyterian Church of Australia be ef- tion of the dominion provides 'that a fected and consummated, by a joint referendum of this sort shall not be solemn act under the authority and considered to have carried unless the sanction of both churches, in which affirmative amounts to 60 per cent. each church shall confer upon the presbyters of the other all the rights of the total. Had this extra 5 per and privileges neccessary for the exercise of their office in the united cent. been won over to prohibition, church, so that from the moment of the liquor traffic would have had four such union all the presbyters of each years to wind up its affairs, and 1916 church shall have equal status in the would have been the first prohibition united church." year in New Zealand.

A Samoan Note-Marvel in Samoa I Famous Philippine School Burned IN the South Seas! The Samoan Christians contributed $23,000 last T HE Jaro Industrial School, one of year toward general missionary work, the most progressive of all schools four times as much as in 1901. Vol- in the Philippines, has just burned. unteer Polynesian missionaries are It was located quite near to Iloilo, going from Samoa, Rarotonga, and upon Panay Island, and was estab- the Gilbert Islands to carry the Gos- lished by the American Baptist For- pel to the Papuans of New Guinea.

eign Missionary Society. It was ac- The Samoans have brought a pastor commodating 349 boys and had a large from China to care for the Chinese staff of native teachers, with Rev. W. coolies emigrating to Samoa.

O. Valentine as principal. The Successor of Father Damien It is the intention to rebuild the B school as soon as money can be se- ROTHER DUTTON, successor of Father Damien and last survivor cured for the purpose, because it is greatly needed for the traimng of of the first leper nurses of Molokai, self-supporting young men of the Hawaii, is now facing the death middle-class, to whom it offers aca- which made Father Damien's name demic, industrial, and religious train- known throughout the civilized world.

ing. Brother Dutton, or Captain Ira Barnes Dutton, as he was known be- New Zealand Almost for Prohibition fore entering the missionary field, is NEW ZEALAND, in a recent ref- a civil war veteran. Enlisting as a erendum, very narrowly missed member of the Janesville City (Vt.) the honor of becoming the first solidly Zouave Cadets, he rose to the rank of prohibition nation of the world. The captain. After the war he entered

the services of the Louisville and taneously. They are called the Cha- N ashville railroad, subsequently join- pels of the tongues, and each one ing the Dominican Fathers at Mem- named after its benefactor.

phis. He was living in a Trappist The New Water Street Mi••ion monastery when the story of Father T Damien's heroic work at Molokai HE famous Jerry McAuley Mis- sion, where so many "down-andreached him. Vhen Father Damien died in 1889 Brother Dutton suc- outs" have been regenerated and ceeded him. have been brought "up-and-into" the Samoa and India Send Gifts Church of Christ, has opened its new building at 3 r6 Water Street, New T HE astonishing and growing liber- York. May the blessing of God rest upon Mr. and Mrs. Wyburn and . ality of some of the Polynesian Mrs. Lamont as they continue in missions of the London Missionary their labors of love for the rescue of Society gives a challenge to the home these human relicts who have made churches. The churches, in parti- shipwreck of life by dishonesty and cular, of the Samoan Islands of the South' Pacific have this year sent drink. Five thousand dollars would home to the parent society gifts of pay' the last indebtedness on the £5,073. This sum comes from chur- building. ches which have in all less ·than 9,000 members. Jt forms an increase of The New Methodist Secretaries A nearly a thousand pounds on the sum T the recent Methodist General Conference in Minneapolis, Dr. sent last year and is more than double the sum sent four years ago, which A. B. Leonard resigned as Secretary was £2,403. The figure becomes of the Foreign Board, Dr. Homer C. more impressive when we remember Stuntz was made a bishop, and in their that the Samoan churches of the Lon- places three new secretaries were elecdon Missionary Society, quite apart ted: Rev. Frank Mason North, D.D.; from these sums sent home, support Mr. S. Earle Taylor, of the Methodist 192 ordained native pastors and 260 Laymen's Movement, and Bishop W. native preachers.-L. M. S. Chronicle. F. Oldham, formerly missionary to AMERICA India and Malaysia. They will make The Chapels of the Tongues strong, aggressive missionary direc- tors. The former secretaries have EVERY day some sign is given us been enabled to build up a great work. of the cosmopolitan character of Our expectations for wise and steady our great cities. At a recent confirma- advance grows strong with the new tion service in St. Bartholomew's officers.

Church in N ew York, 5 different lan- Works of Methodist Women guages were employed-English, Swe- E dish, German, Armenian and Chinese. VERY four years, at the conven- ing of the General Conference, Rev. Hugo Holmgren presented 14 Swedes to Bishop Greer; Rev. A. the vVoman's Foreign Missionary Yahannan, 8 Armenians; Rev. Max Society of the Methodist Episcopal Pinkert, 32 Germans; and Rev. R. S. Church presents a summarized report W. 'Wood, 2 Chinamen. Members of of its work to the General Conference.

several other nationalities were pre- At its recent session held in Minne- sent to witness the scene. The Epis- apolis the Society reported 387 mis- copal Cathedral of St. John the Di- sionaries on the foreign field, native vine in New York has 7 chapels pro- workers 1,948, Bible women 2,000, jecting as spokes from a hub around schools 919 with 26,310 pupils, and 18 the great altar in the chancel. In hospitals. This work is maintained in these chapels services in 7 different the homeland by 5,877 societies in languages will be going on simul- churches that have a membership of

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

186,I I4, and by young peoples' and Merchants and Minions children's societies that are composed of 100,I36 members. In the four NOT long ago the San Francisco years the society expended for foreign Associated Chamber of Com- work $2,711,548.32, merce sent a party of representative business men to China in order to The women in German Methodist increase acquaintance and develop churches in the United States have so- commercial relations. They had not cieties that number 7,997 members, expected to come into any especial and their colIections for the four years contact with missions or to consider past totaled $9 I ,434.08. them at all. But since the mission- aries have preceded the merchants in The American Baptists China they were forced to learn something about mission work. At T HE American Baptist Foreign first they were divided in their opin- Missionary Society is fortunate ions–one-third favoring, one-third in retaining the services of Dr. F. P. opposed and one-third indifferent. Haggard as Home Secretary. They But at the last meeting before their have also elected as Foreign Secretary return, held in Hong Kong, the matter in the place of Dr. T. S. Barbour, who was put to vote and the twenty-five resigned, an able Missionary advocate commissioners voted unanimously in Rev. James H. Franklin, D.D., of favor of missions. These men were Colorado Springs. He has already not merely from San Francisco but entered upon his duties and wilI doubt- were picked citizens selected from less develop into an able missionary Spokane to San Diego. In their offi- statesman. Dr. Franklin is a Virgin- cial report they say, "To the great ian by birth, about forty years of age work done by the missionaries in all and has had experience of District parts of China is due, doubtless, in a Home Missionary Secretary and as a large part, the wonderful progress member of the Commission sent to made in education and commerce -investigate conditions in the Kongo within recent years, and much of Free State. He has been a member of Chinese officialdom cheerfully extends the Northern Baptist Convention them due credit." Executive Committee and a member of the Board of Managers of The Some Missionary Offerings in New York Foreign Missionary Society. Thus he comes to the work with knowledge T HE Protestant Episcopal Diocese from study and practical experience. of New York has a committee called "The Cooperating Committee Free Baptist and Baptists in the Laymen's Missionary Move- ment." This committee reports some T HE report chronicles the merging very encouraging indications of ac- of the Free Baptist missionary tivity and success, among which are interests, which brought to the For- the following of special interest: eign Society the Bengal Mission with funds and securities amounting to The Church of the Incarnation in- $65,81 I .55. The transfer meeting of creased its offerings from $II ,000 to $17,700 last year. Ten churches gave October 5 was "an epoch-marking between $r,ooo and $2,000 each; one church gave $2,500; four churches occasion," a practical accomplishment gave between $3,300 and $3,800 each; of union. Dr. A. 'vV. Anthony, who was elected Joint Secretary of the one church gave $4,200; another, $5,- three General Societies, has been serving since October last and the 045; another, $12,770; another, $12,- results of his work have fulIy demon- 884; another, $13,350; another, $17,- strated the wisdom of his appoint- 785. It is expected that one-half of ment. the churches in the diocese will use the duplex envelope system before the year is ended, which would mean

probably a doubling of financial re- Activity of Canadian Laymen turns .and other advantages besides. THE Laymen's Missionary Move- Last year the committee worked for Inent in Canada has recently conmoney, but this year it works for men, and the money is easily taken care of. ducted a remarkable series of I I mis- sionary conventions. The entire Do- "Fruits of the Women's Jubilee" minion, from west to east, has been touched and thoroughly aroused.

AT the Triennial Conference of the These conventions mark another dis- Women's Boards of Foreign Mis- tinct step in the life of the Canadian ions held in Philadelphia, some very churches. The Canadian council of interesting figures were presented by the Laymen's Missionary Movement Mrs. Henry W. Peabody in her ad- reports the following increase in condress on the Fruits of the ] ubilec. tributions from the respective denomi- Pittsburgh led the van in the Post Ju- nations during the three years since bilee work so far as results can be its inauguration: Anglican from actually tabulated. In that city there $252,910 to $354,128; Baptist, from are 6,500 new members of mission- $207,679 to $296,569; Congregational, ary societies 2,300 subscriptions to from $29,948 to $41,500; Disciples, missionary magazines and I03 new from $9,057 to $9,675; Evangelical organizations. The Jubilee gifts in Association, from $7,606 to $II,I42; money from Pittsburgh totaled $100, Lutheran, from $9,633 to $15,462; 925, at the date of this report. Among Methodist, from $50~MO<j to $749,- other cities receiving honorable men- 677; Presbyterian, from $466,4I8 to tion were Dayton, 0., Evanston, Ill., $738,297.

Philadelphia, and Beverly, Mass. AThe Fruit of Persecution in Brazil N unlettere? negr~ wom~n was A Rest Home for Missionaries MANY a missionary comes home converted III a VIllage III Sao on his furlough tired and worn, Paulo, Brazil, and proceeded to buy perhaps weakened by bad climate, or a Bible. Unable to read it herself, just recovering from illness. He needs she would call together her neighbors, a place where he can rest and recu- sing a few hymns, give her testimony, perate, but his salary, small at its and then hand the book to a school best, is frequently reduced when at boy who read to the assembled comhome. Many of the Missionary socie- pany. For this offense she and her ties of Germany have provided free friends were arrested at the instiga- Rest Homes for their missionaries on tion of a priest, beaten and set to work furlough and their families. The on the roads. INhen they were re- United States do not yet have such leased they were so bitterly persecuted institutions. that they were forced to leave their We are glad to know, therefore, homes. Now in 14 different villages that there has been established, under evangelization work is proceeding a~ the auspices of the International Medi- a result of the religious activities of cal Missionary Society, a place, these refugees. Mr. Terrell, the Me- Mountain Rest, at Lithia, Mass., thodist pastor at U ruguayana, has the where missionaries and their families oversight of these centers.-Records can rest. The charges for board are of Christian Work.

so small that the poorest missionary The Presbyterian Jubilee in Brazil is able to pay them, the management is Christian, and the surroundings of FIFTY-THREE years ago, August the place, which is located in the Berk- I2, r859, Rev. Ashbel Simonton shire Hills, are beautiful and healthful. landed in Rio de Janeiro. Two years Mrs. L. W. Cleaveland, Lithia, Mass., later, on January 12, 1862, two Bra- is in charge. zilians canfest Christ and founded

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

the first Presbyterian church. This ica, and many of the native Indians year their lineal descendants united have been baptized by them. In many in a jubilee celebration. The present parts of the vast continent they held building has 1,200 sittings, but is sway over the natives and have built too small. The total gifts of the fine churches. These churches have church amount to $10,000 a year, and fallen to ruins, and the great mass of 46 new members were received du- the baptized Indians and of their chil- ring jubilee week. Five other churches dren have reverted to their pagan faith. in the city have grown out of this Many of these converts continued, in church, which is the strongest in their ignorance, to mingle pagan and South America. Roman Catholic customs. Thus, soon after the departure of the priests, Moravian Mission in Surinam many of the baptized pagans returned entirely to the religion and practises "FOREIGN and home mission work of their ancestors. But few of the in- should ever go hand in hand, all habitants of the great interior forests of South America have been reached the world over," says the 111oravian by any missionaries, and thus it comes Missions, published by the English that to-day there are hundreds of In- Moravian Society, which has exten- dian tribes in South America which sive work in East Central Africa, and are utterly uncivilized and have never especially in the great Surinam dis- heard the Gospel. In Peru alone there trict, "and it is interesting to see that are 69 such tribes. The difficulties our foreign mission in Surinam has of their evangelization are tremendous, considerable home activities. There partly on account of their mode of are prayer and Bible reading unions living and their scattered condition, in several congregations, as well as partly on account of their prejudice societies of Christian Endeavor for against the white man, from whose youths and girls and children." Para- ancestors their fathers suffered atrocimaribo has its "Bible and Tract So- ties, the like of which have only been ciety." Two Christian papers are pub- excelled, if excelled at all, on the lished there-the 5 onntagsblad, in Kongo. But are difficulties a valid Dutch, and the Makzien, in Negro- excuse for leaving the preaching of the English-and each is taken by about Gospel undone? These Indians need 500 subscribers. the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ. They should have it. The figures of the educational activities of Surinam Mission show 33 EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN day-schools, with 3,183 scholars, and IS Sunday-schools, with 1,642 Sun- A Year of the Greatest Bible Society day-scholars. T HE 108th anniversary meeting of The Surinam Mission has a mem- the British and Foreign Bible Sobership of 27,141. Six churches in ciety was held recently. The report Paramaribo, the capital of Surinam, have 13,689 members. Some of the for the year, presented by Rev. J. H. churches there have a membership of over 3,000. There are c.olony stations Ritson, showed a record circulation, where churches have a total member- a record income, and "a record expendiship of II,973. Of these, 2,127 belong ture. The total issues amounted to to Bushland congregations far up five 7,394,523 copies, in 440 languages, inof the great rivers of Surinam-the cluding those of eight new versions. Marowijne, the Cottica, the Surinam, These include Dabida, a dialect of the the Saramacca, and the Coppename. Taita tongue, spoken in British East Africa; Beta, the speech of a tribe of South America's Indians Land Dyaks, in Borneo; Kiwai, for a people living on the Fly River, New NEARLY four hundred years ago Guinea; Limba, a language current the Jesuits and other Roman Catholic orders entered South Amer-

among the negroes of Sierra Leone; lin more than a thousand delegates Lakher, to be used by a border tribe in were present, among them the Emthe Lushai Hills, between Burma and press herself. These leagues are Assam; and Chinook Jargon, which pledged to help in all possible ways in is a patois used by several Indian parish work, by invitation to services, tribes scattered along the American by visiting the sick and afflicted, colcoast, from Oregon to Alaska. Then lecting children into Sunday-schools, come two gipsy dialects-Eastern Ro- helping families at times of birth, of many, spoken in Bulgaria; and South death, of sickness or of need. The (~erll1an Romany. leagues of the Rhineland reported 19,- 679 cases provided with volunteer A Year of the Oldest Missionary Society nursing, 3,381 of these being of night- watching by the sick. The Berlin T r-IE Society for the Propagation unions carryon an extensive employ. of the Gospel dates from 170I. ment bureau activity, especially for According to the last annual report women who take work to their homes. recently given, there are in all 1,254 They have also raised 113,300 marks missionaries on the society's list. in the past year, hiring 113 trained There are also in the various missions nurses to work among the sick poor of about 3,000 lay teachers, 3,200 stu- the capital. dents in the society's colleges, and about 71,500 children in the mission New Director of Paris Missionary schools in Asia and Africa. Society A Great Work for Children pASTOR JEAN BIANQUIS has T HE forty-sixth annual report of been appointed the successor of Dr. Barnardo's Homes Associations showed that, to Decembcl 31st the late A. Boegner as director of the last, 75,462 children had passed Paris Missionary Society. He has through the rescue doors; 2,21 I being been its general secretary IS years admitted in 19I1. Two-thirds came and is thoroughly acquainted with the from the provinces and one-third from work of the society in Madagascar, the metropolis. Nine thousand and Rhodesia, Basutoland, French Kongo, forty-nine boys and girls of all ages Senegal, Tahiti, Loyalty Islands, and were under the care of the association New Caledonia. He spent almost three at the close of the year. Included in years, 1901 to 1904, in Madagascar this number were 300 boys in training while the state of affairs there was for the navy and mercantile marine at quite critical, and he visited Basutothe Watts Naval Training School in land in I908, when the Basuto Mission Nodolk, and on the training-ship celebrated its 75th anniversary on George L. Munro, stationed at Yar- October 20th and 21st (see MISSIONmouth. One thousand and eight young ARY REVIEW, I909, page 229)· emigrants were sent out during the year (1,002 to Canada and 6 to Aus- Pastor Daniel Couve has been aptralia), making a total of 23,622 emi- pointed general secretary of the sograted. Ninety-eight per cent. are ciety. He has served faithfully and successful. successfully as missionary in the French Kongo, and has been assistant THE CONTINENT to the late Mr. Boegner for five years.

German Women in Volunteer Parish Spanish Religious Tract and Book Work Society T HE Women's Evangelical Auxil- T HE present religious state of Spain iary Unions (Frauen-Hilfe Ver- is not encouraging. Fanaticism eine) were founded 2I years ago by on the one hand, and infidelity on the the present German Empress. They other, stifle the spiritual sentiments of now number 1,800 local unions, and the people. Rome's baneful influence at their last general meeting in Ber- and the erroneous guidance of Spain's

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political leaders unite in strengthening 1,083 native paid helpers (28 ordained the opposition of the masses to Protes- ministers, 68 evangelists, and 987 tant missionaries and doctrines. Re- teachers). The number of native vol- ligious liberty in Spain is only nomi- untary helpers is 2, I36 elders and 214 nal, at best, and Spain of to-day has others. There were baptized 15.492 less freedom for religion and the press. adult heathen, the largest number ever The free distribution of the Word of attained in the history of the society, God is the most effectual, economical and larger by almost 5,000 than the and rapid way of dispelling Romish previous highest number, and 21,478 darkness, and the Spanish Religious inquirers were being prepared for bap- Tract and Book Society has done this tism when the new year commenced.

work now 30 years. It is under the The number of Christian natives un- management of Rev. Lopez Rodriguez, der the care of the missionaries has the director of the Figueras Evangelis- . increased to 176,844, and the 752 mis- tic Mission (see MISSIONARY REVIEW, sionary schools contain 42,S 12 pupils.

March, 1912, page 226), and its head- The increase in baptisms is most re- quarters is Figuera, the busy city in markable upon Sumatra, where 12,055 the province of Gerona, close to the heathen were baptized in 191 I and French frontier. The society rejoices 7,421 in 1910, and where the total in many voluntary workers (mission- increase of church members was aries of all denominations, evangel- 14,058 in 1910.

ists, school teachers, and many of The Rhenish Missionary Society those who having been converted was founded in 1828, and its fields through the instrumentality of the so- are South and Southwest Africa, New ciety gladly and freely give their serv- Guinea, the Dutch East Indies, and ices in aid of the blest work). Many China. Its work is very encouraging, of its volumes are sent out through as the figures for I91 I abundantly the mail, the interior postage in Spain prove.

being very cheap. Lately a vigorous The Power of Prayer campaign against the extensive free circulation of infidel literature has FROM Germany comes the news of been started through the medium of the death of Eberhard von Rothan interesting magazine, entitled The kirch. He was an old officer of the Bible. Various books for the young German army and had been in the have also been published, and inter- war of 1870-71, but his later life was national lesson leaflets, well illus- devoted to purity work among young trated, are printed for 21 Sabbathschools in different parts of Spain. men, especially in connection with the y. ~L C. A. of Berlin. He was a During 191 I the Spanish Religious praying man, and daily he remembered Tract Society distributed 48,970 Span- his numerous friends and others by ish Gospels and 252,027 Spanish name, rising at six in the morning tracts in Spain itself and among every day and spending two and one- Spanish-speaking inhabitants of Eng- half hours in earnest prayer and mediland, France, Switzerland, Portugal, tation. In all parts of Germany men Italy, Holland, Madeira, Canary bore testimony to the fact that God Islands, Philippines, and North and answered the prayers of von Roth- South America. kirch, for they were won to Christ by him. His little room at the St. Michael An Encouraging Report Hospiz was called "the most blest con- T HE Rhenish Missionary Society fessional in Germany," and hundreds announces its statistical figures, look back to that place as the place of preliminary to the publication of its their spiritual birth. Among them report for 1911. It is employing 184 most prominent perhaps is Pastor Le European male and 21 female mission- Sener, the famous city missionary of aries, which are assisted by a force of Berlin. When a young student, he

met von Rothkirch, who propounded keepers cordially accepted the new to him at once the question, "Have you idea, but those of them who were Mo- a living Savior?" The answer was hammedans insisted on having the "I hope so," but von Rothkirch quickly Bible hung up on the wall, because it said, "If I should ask if you have a is holy. They felt that letting it lie bride would you answer thus? When on the old stools, which are the only one stands in living relation to the Sa- furniture, would be to treat a holy vior, it is a matter of deepest certain- book with disrespect.

ty." To this certainty the young student came through the instrumentality Growth of the Western Turkey Mission T of von Rothkirch, the man of prayer. HE Western Turkey Mission of ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS the American Board has devel- oped remarkably during the last fifty A "The Port of Jerusalem" years. In 1860 it had II stations, 22 N American consular report states outstations, 60 missionaries, 76 native that measures are again being workers, 544 church members, and taken by the Turkish government to 1,931 adherents. On December 31, have a safe harbor constructed at Jaffa, 19II, it had 6 stations, 97 outstations, the Port of Jerusalem. "The danger 76 missionaries, 450 native workers, of making a landing at Jaffa," it is 4,384 church members, and 16,131 adstated, "has not only deterred many herents. In 1866 the proportion of forpeople from visiting Jerusalem, but eign to native workers was 1 to 17li; there are periods of sometimes more to-day it is 1 to 6, foreign workers than a week when landing in small having increased 26 2-3 per cent. and boats is absolutely impossible. Steam- native workers 492 per cent. Memers which call at Jaffa anchor about bership in the churches has grown I,OOO yards from the shore." Vice- nearly tenfold, while the missionary consul Lewis Heck (Jerusalem) esti- schools have grown from 27 in 1860 mates the cost of the undertaking at to 157 in 1912, and the total number not less than £800,000. Those who of pupils from 754 to 9,056. In 1860 have followed the developments of the the money given by the American last fifty years, in the light of the Board for the maintenance of the work many prophetic intimations regarding was $83,314, or 152 times as much as the land and the people of Israel, can that given by the people; in I910 it not but view with profound interest was $108,992, or only I I-3 as much the project to which attention is thus as that given by the people.

called. The Power of Christian Kindness The "Gideons" Invading the Orient FTER the bombardment of Beirut A N last Christmas Day some Ar- by the Italian men-of-war, the O menians of Harpoot copied the Greek Orthodox Bishop of the city Gideons in their chosen work of put- invited Moslem women and children ting Bibles in hotels. Harpoot does to take refuge in the homes, convents, 110t yet copy the West in the matter of and churches of Lebanon, as guests hotels, but it welcomes travelers to of the Christians. Mohammedan wri- hans, whose guests eat what food they ters in Egypt and Turkey took imme- themselves can cook and sleep on the diate notice of the proclamation and floor wherever they find space to praised the bishop with glowing words, spread their own bedding. The work and it became quickly apparent that of the American "Gideons" of Har- this act of kindness had made a won- poot was to furnish the bare and derful impression upon the Moham- cheerless rooms of the hans with medans.

Bibles. The books were in Armenian A few days after his proclamation or Turkish, according to the language the bishop drove in his carriage most used in each han. All the han- through the Moslem quarter of the

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city. A great crowd soon surrounded ability, who has taken a leading part him and the driver was forced to stop. in the work of the National Mission- The bishop was thoroughly alarmed ary Society of India. For some time lest some of the bloody threats against he has been head of the Dornakal Christians, made by Moslem fanatics, Mission in South India. It is thought should be executed. But he was quickly that this appointment indicates anreassured by such cries as, "What can other step toward the development of we do for you? Where may we take a truly Indian church. The Dnyanoyou? Let us unharness your horses da)'a says: "Following the recent and draw your carriage ourselves." decision to organize a synod in the Bombay presidency, this appointment It is not reported if these Moham- of an Indian to be a bishop is anmedans really took the place of the other notable advance toward liberal bishop's horses, but the whole incident progress in the Anglican Church and shows the tremendous influence which toward the momentous goal of makthe bishop's act of Christian kindness ing Christianity an indigenous rehad upon these prejudiced people. ligion in India.'?

INDIA Church Union in India Selling Bibles in India CLERGYMEN of the Church of England usually stand aloof of HE Bible colporteur gets a varied all sections of the Protestant Church T reception in Madras. From an and the farthest away from any kind article in the latest issue of the Bible of church union. It is, therefore, in the World we take the following: especially significant that the Bishop "Begone!" cried a woman of the vil- of Bombay, Dr. Palmer, made some lage headman's family at Pittada ; remarkable statements at, the Dio- "some of our relatives have become cesan Conference recently held in Christians through reading the Bible. Bombay. Speaking of the Indian Your book casts a spell, and we are Church, he is reported to have said, afraid of it. Take it away!" A Brah- "What can we, as children of the man official, recognizing colporteur Church of England, wish to found Benjamin at Paramatti, remarked: "I in India? Surely not the Church have read with much pleasure the little of England. There would be no book I bought from you last time. Let meaning in this. Indians will never me now have a copy of the whole be Englishmen. India will never Bible." Elsewhere a village magis- be England. The Church of India trate ordered a weIl-bound Bible; and, is what needs to be founded an-d to when the colporteur delivered it, he grow up. Not a Church, but the took it with delight, and prest the book Church, the Catholic Church of against his forehead as a mark of deep Christ." It is said that the Bishop reverence. completely carried his clergy with him in his efforts to secure some The First Native Indian Bishop kind of self-government for the branch of the Church of England in A N innovation in religious circles India. in India is that a native Indian clergyman has been raised to the The Telugu Mission Diamond Jubilee episcopate in the Anglican Church. Rev. Vedanayakan Azariah has been THE Telugus, members of a nonappointed Suffragan Bishop of Ma- Aryan or Dravidian race, inhabit dras. Besides his own tongue, Mr. Azariah is a fluent and impressive the east coast of the peninSUla of speaker in English, as many can tes- Hincustan, India, north of the city tify who have heard his addresses- of Madras and south of the Godanotably at the World Missionary vari River, and their country ex- Conference held in Edinburgh. He tends nearly 200 miles westward is a young man, of fine spirit and

from the coast of the Bay of Bengal. that teaching, it will make all the dif- In r836, Rev. S. S. Day, of the ference to the future of the country. American Baptist Foreign Mission- 1t is only in the present type of mi~­ ary Society, commenced the work sion and college that the Indian Chrisfrom which the Telugu Mission has tian who is to be a leader of his grown. Thus the Diamond Jubilee Church can obtain an education keepof the mission could be celebrated a ing him in contact with all affairs and short time ago, with suitable cere- the people of his nation, and, at the monies and in the presence of a not- same time, receive special Christian able company of clergym~n and mis- instruction. In mission colleges, Mosionaries, and several representatives hammedans, Hindus, Christians, livinv of the American Baptist Foreign together on terms of social equality Missionary Society, who had come and friendship, educated together in from the United States to India. the same courses, provided both a Special attention was paid, through- forecast of the future, of a unified out the Jubilee, to Christian edu- India, and an opportunity for the most cation, and the subject of church suitable and best education of the Infederation was also given a promi- dian Christian.-C. H. C. Sharp, of nent place in the deliberations. The Delhi, in Australian Men and Misgreat events were the laying of the cornerstone of the Cole-Ackerman SIOIlS. Memorial High School at N e11ore, and the announcement that the BrIt- A Summer School for India ish and Foreign Bible Society has made it possible for the Baptists to S IX weeks ago Christian workers unite with it in a union version of in some parts of India fell in line the Bible in Telugu, which will be with some of the later occidental missatisfactory to all the churches. sionary schemes, and had a snmmer school for Christian workers that con- The Te1ugu Baptist Mission is one tinued for two weeks. The school of the most flourishing on the for- was held in Ahmednagar, and there eign field. During the seventy-five were three sessions daily, besides years of the work there have been evening rnectings. The day sessions approximately roo,ooo conversions. were in the nature of classes, and the The mission supports about 650 evenings were devoted to informing schools, with more than 16,000 stu- talks on the Christian life. The Madents. It included 140 churches and rathi language was used exclusively. reported 1,554 baptisms in 19IO, one There were a large number of speakyoung missionary alone having bap- ers, among them a dozen or more tized 133 high-caste converts. The widely known missionaries and native fact that many of the recent con- ministers. verts have been from the higher castes is one of the most encourag- Among the Women of Siam ing features of the work. MRS. J. A. EAKIN, missionary of Christian Education for India the Presbyterian Board has been engaged in touring among the women MUCH interest has been aroused by of Siam the past five years. She the declaration made at the Del- writes that this work brings her face hi Durbar that education was to be to face with the lowest type of heaspread, beyond higher education in the thenism among these women, and the form of primary education for the results of centuries of servitude and masses of India. Here again, is ex- cruel treatment and superstition are actly the same apportunity and res- appalling. The women are almost ponsibility. They need the religious naked, their heads are shaved, their influence in their teaching. If Chris- mouths are overflowing betel, and tians undertake a large proportion of their minds are saturated with super- stition and with obscene thoughts that

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no American would harbor for a mo- be correspondingly decreased. China ment. Yet the Gospel and earnest in the last three years has reduced her Christian love conquer even these cultivation of opium by about 70 per degraded beings. Mrs. Eakin cent. It is therefore almost certain tells of the mother of the head- that within the next two years, or even man of one village who had less, the poppy will no longer be grown visited the missionaries and been in China, and that consequently, in taught the Gospel, and after her return accordance with the projected treaty, to her village she brought eleven others the lucrative traffic from India will to accept Christ. In a Laos village automatically be brought to an end. the service had to be given up, because the acetylene gas outfit was not in A Summary of Radical Reforms working order, but the disappointed women clung to the missionary and A MOST striking and impressive made her promise that she and her picture of the transformation takhelpers would come again. In an- ing place in China is afforded by this other village are several inquirers and grouping of facts found in an article one old woman of seventy who was by a physician writing from Chung taught of Christ many years ago, but I~ing: The queue, which was imposed surrendered only last year. She is upon them over 200 years ago by their now a happy woman and is learning ::'vlanchu conquerors, and which almost more and more of the love of Christ. to a man they had grown to think was In another village, a man who was a part of themselves, is gone to stay. said t'o be one hundred years of age The new government has come out and his aged wife came out, against strong against the custom of foot the opposition of all their relatives in binding, absolutely forbidding the the village, and were baptized. The same. The reform against opium testimony of a blind woman who had smoking is equally enforced. They have changed from the lunar month learned of Tesus in the Mission Hos- to that of the sun, and dating from this year their year will be the same pital, was 'influencing her neighbors as the foreign. The better classes have in the same village greatly. Thus almost to a man adopted the foreign everywhere the Gospel is cOl1Cl11er-inO" hat, and those who can afford it are the women among whom the faithful wearing the foreign shoes. Foreign missionary is laboring amid difficul- tailoring establishments are springing ties and disappointments and perils up all over the city. I am even told from robbers and thieves and evil that as soon as the government is men. properly established, all business shall cease on the Sabbath day. This last CHINA does not mean that they are keeping the Sabbath from a Christian stand- China and Opium point, but because they recognize the importance of one day of rest. ACCORDING to recent news, an agreement has been practically Remarkable Chinamen reached between the Chinese Foreign Office and Great Britian. The A HIGH Chinese official, recently 111;1in points of the ag-reement are: (I) baptized by Ding Li Mei, the That the importation of Indian great Chinese evangelist, now underopium shall cease as soon as the culti- takes the support of twenty of the vation of opium ceases in China. (2) ablest preachers who can be found, at That in the meanwhile the duty on im- an expense of about $7,000 annually, ported opium may be increased for the evangelization of his people. three-fold. (3) That the accumu- He offers a small settlement on his lated stocks of Indian opium, estate in Manchuria free of charge to amounting to about 20,000 chests, all Christians who may apply. Anmay be sold without a time limit, but that the Indian imports shall

other case is that of Dr. Ming, who There are two out appointments on has a hospital in Hangchow, where 50,000 patients are treated each year. this circuit, thirteen and twenty miles His work is so widely known in many provinces that if one is being imposed distant. One of the workers, with upon one has but to say that one will report the matter to Dr. Ming, and it body convulsed with emotion and eyes is usually settled without more difficulty. Principal Chang Po Ling, of streaming with tears, told yesterday of Tientsin, is an educator who is also a social reformer, fighting foot-binding, the state of the Church where he is: early marriages and other abuses. He led hi's own brother to Christ, and has "Every member is in trouble," said he. the satisfaction of hearing that he is the first signer of the declara- "To be reviled and curst is considtion card of the recently organized Chinese Volunteer Movement for the ered light-most of them have heen ministry. As director of the Y. M. C. A., Mr. Chang had the principal maltreated and beaten. . The part in securing a gift of $I3,OOO from H. E. Ou Yang for the new building load is more than I can carry and I site at Tientsin. feel utterly broken and cast down." Chinese Students Accepting Christ The preacher here is a grandson of J W. CLINE writes in Regions Be- • 'j/ond: We have been holding "old lady Wang," of wheelbarrow special services with students for a few days in spite of the very real fame. He is just out of college a difficulties in the way. Last night seven young men manifested very couple of years. He's a jewel. Wish clearly their determination to lead the Christian life and submitted them- we had twenty more like him. He selves to Jesus Christ. Twelve young m'en publicly declared their intention kneels in prayer and in a quiet, pleadto spend their lives in preaching the gospel. They seemed very much in ing tone, prays for God's blessing on earnest and formed a volunteer bancl. During the same series of meetings the people and within two minutes the 6 young women of the Laura Haygood school (just across the street from us) whole congregation in audible, but set themselves apart for definite Christian work. Our hearts are encour- subdued tones are also pleading for aged. mercy. Some North China Native Christians Prayer Asked for a Chinese Governor FROM a letter written by the Rev. George 'N. Verity, in the course AT the meeting of the Methodist Fuchau annual conference a reof a three weeks' country itinerating markable occurrence took place. Gentrip in August among the villages eral Sung, the governor of the provaround Taianfu, is taken the follow- ince, visited the conference as a guest, ing: and by request of one of his aides, prayer was offered for him and his You at home have no idea what it is associates, Bishop Bashford praying. to be in a heathen land and what a and General Sung reverently bowing" hard time these poor people have who his head. Then a week later General try to break away from heathenism. Sung invited the missionaries to his residence, entertaining them and ut- tering the most friendly sort of a welcome to China of the heralds of Christianity. "I am glad the Church is here to save the souls of the Chi- nese people." "We should thank you for all the good you have done." "I ask of you that you join with us for the uplift of this great empire." Re- sponses were made by Bishops Bash- ford and Oldham, by Drs. Gamewell and Hobart, and Mr. Hobart. Several of the men of the province taking a distinct lead in the insurrection are native members of our Church.

A Christian Printing Establishment T HE Commercial Press, Limited, of Shanghai, has twenty branches in various Chinese cities, and a capi-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

tal of $1,000,000, one-third held by help the weak, to champion the cause Japanese and two-thirds by Chinese. of the poor and lowly." More than 1,000 are employed. Its managers are Christian, as also are Dr. Sun never attacks Confucius 60 per cent. of those in responsible or Buddha. He always appeals dipositions. rectly and fervently, and he wins over young and old. To a meeting The Bible in Great Demand of students he said, "My brothers, applied practical Christianity is our T HE American Bible Society has true need. Away with commentaries reports from its agent in China, and doubts. God asks your obedishowing that, in spite of the interrup- ence, not your patronage. He detion of its work caused by the revolu- mands your service, not your critition, its colporteurs have still been able to distribute the Scriptures with CiSl11." unexpected success. In Western Szechuan the Rev. Mr. Torrance, at It is rather significant that, at Dr. Chengtu, reports for the quarter end- Sun's request, Rev. Eugen Sien, pasing November 30th, a total distribu- tor of the Chinese Christian Union tion of nearly II,OOO copies. When in Chicago since 1903, and a promithe new republic was proclaimed Mr. nent missionary among the Chinese Torrance sent copies of the Bible in that great city, left for China in and the Testament to the President February. Rev. Sien and Dr. Sun of the new government and the leader were playmates in Honolulu years of the Provincial Assembly, which ago, and when the fugitive, who was were appreciatively received. The destined to overthrow the Manchu official proclamation issued by the new dynasty, came to Chicago last Octoauthorities laid special stress on the ber, to further his plans for the revoobligation not to molest churches or lution, he went into seclusion at the foreigners. In Canton district there home of his boyhood friend. In his is an unprecedented demand for prosperity Dr. Sun remembers his Scriptures; also in Peking and the Christian friends, and it augurs well vicinity. The Rev. Mr. Hirst, at for the new Chinese RepUblic that Hanyang, distributed 400 portions to the new leaders do not hesitate to the soldiers, who were glad to get call Chinese Christians to their aid in them. the difficult task before them, and place them in positions of high au- The Physician Who Overthrew the thority and great power.

Manchus JAPAN-KOREA A WRITER in the London West- A Japanese Methodist Bishop minster Gazette, who knows Dr. Sun Yat Sen well, pays him the great T HE Rev. Yoshiasu Hiraiwa; D.D., compliment of calling him unselfish, who was consecrated as the secpatriotic, courageous and able. He ond bishop of the Japan Methodist also asserts that the fugitive physician Church, April 7th, succeeding the late who did so much to found the Chi- Bishop Yoitsu Honda, is by birth a nese Republic is a sincere and humble- member of the old warlike' Samurai minded Christian, who translates into clan which gave his predecessor to action the teachings of the Sermon Japan Methodism. Like the sainted on the Mount. He says: "Jesus of Bishop Honda, he is an energetic, even Nazareth is to Sun Yat Sen a source tireless worker and. has been promiof joy and comfort. All through the nent in the evangelistic and educapages of history, the heroes, saints tional work of Japan Methodism for and martyrs have been speaking to more than twenty years. In young us of the brotherhood of God, the manhood he was graduated from a brotherhood of ma,n~ the need to Canadian mission school in Tokyo, after which he came to North Amer- ica and st11died in ~he Victoria Uni-

versity, Toronto. Upon his return to when, by his loving influence, he won Japan he served various pastorates in 60 of his relatives to join the Chris- the Canadian Methodist Church, one tian Church. A year ago he experi- of which is especially noteworthy, enced the joy of seeing the last home namely the Central Tabernacle in in his village turn Christian!"

Tokyo, of which he was pastor until Self-sacrifice Among Koreans DR. 19IO, when he became the official head GEORGE HEBER JONES, of of the Kwansei Gakuin of Kobe, which, in July of that year, became a Korea, states that 85 per cent. of union institution conducted by the M. the work carried on in Korea is self- E. Church, South, and the Canadian supporting. The Koreans know how Methodist Church, having previous to to give-men mortgage their own that time been conducted by the for- houses to lift the mortgage from the mer denomination. church. As a rule the Korean people A Christian Memorial in Japan are poor, and it is only the wealthier class among them that can afford tile T HE Christian I ntelligencer of Ja- roofs to their houses; all others have pan (Fukuin Shimpo) recently straw thatches. In one village the told about a woman in Chiba whose people had succeeded in building a husband died ten years ago and is now church, but because of lack of money commemorating him by paying alI the had to put a straw thatch on it. It so expenses of a special series of evan- happened that one of the members gelistic meetings. One has no difficulty possest a tile roof, and seeing that the in believing that a husband so com- Lord's house was faring worse than memorated must have been during his his own, removed the roof and placed life intensely interested in Christian it on the church, taking the straw things. It is an old Japanese custom thatch for his own house.

to commemorate the anniverseries of Presbyterian Union in Korea the death of near relatives and this adaptation of it to Christian customs THE Korean Presbyterian General is most significant. Assembly will meet in September.

A The Fruit of Fidelity This assembly will be representative of the entire Presbyterian work in BIBLE Society agent in Korea Korea, in which four Presbyterian tells the story of a young man bodies cooperate-the Northern Pres- named Chun, the first in his village byterians, the Southern Presbyterians, to accept the "Jesus Doctrine," and the Australian Presbyterians, and the whose faithful testimony was blest Canadian Presbyterians. The organi- to his father, who died in the faith zation of this assembly will be a no- of Christ. Thereupon the storm table event in the history of mission- burst upon the young man, because ary work. The rapidity with which he refused to allow his parent to be the Korean Church has grown is trace- buried according to heathen rites. able largely to the evangelistic zeal of "With the help of the colporteur and the natives and the fact that large re- some Christians from another place sponsibility was placed upon the native he carried his aged father's body converts in the beginning for the away for reverent Christian burial. spread of the Gospel in their own land. 'My father,' he ~aid, 'shall not be His Word Gives Light in Japan buried as if he were dead forever, A but as one who believed in everlast- YOUNG man, living in a small village on Lake Suwa, in the ing life.' His relatives now turned him out of the village, and he suf- province of Shinano, Japan, one day fered the loss of home, fields, and came to the home of an old man living livelihood. Still he remained faithful in a village across the lake, and found to ChrISt. Finally the time came him, sitting by the charcoal brazier

It)I2] WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

("hibachi"), reading an old book. It ways pointing in the direction from was the Bible, of which the young which the intruder is expected to man had heard and which he had come. This is to protect the recesses longed to read. So he asked the old of the forest, the hiding-place ar- man to lend to him the precious book, ranged for the women and children in but the old man shook his head and case of a raid by some other tribe, or said, "I can not part with it a day. It upon the part of the Belgian Govern- is my constant companion and guide. ment, which they cordially hate.

But I have here a portion of John's "Dr. Morrison tells me that they Gospel, which I will give to you." He are very deadly, the poison coming took the book and hurried home to from the dead body of a person who his sick sister. They read it together, has been buried for some time. The again and again. The truth dawned slightest scratch causes blood-poison- upon them. They believed, they threw ing. The curious part of it is that they away their idols, they prayed, and they will wound a monkey or parrot with were graciously converted. Then the one of those arrows. The animal or young man began to search for a copy bird goes off and dies; and when they of the whole Bible, but could not find have found it, they will eat it and feel it in the villages around his home. So no inconvenience. It is hard to real- he set out on foot for Tokyo, 70 miles ize that anything can be made of such away, where he expected to be able to people, but the Gospel is truly the buy a Bible from Rev. U yemura, power of God unto salvation. I have whose name he had found on some already been among several tribes tract. He walked over the hills and which are either cannibals or have through the tunnels, until he reached been. I have been treated with all the great city, where he purchased a kindness, because some one has be- Bible from Rev. Uyemura at once. come a Christian, or perhaps because Hearing of the Bible-school under the the entire tribe has given up its hea- care of that minister, he wanted to then practises and has become humane enter it at once, but was persuaded to on account of Christianity.

return to his village and witness to its "On our journey overland, our people for one year. Thus, he went mainstay will be a man who is the most back to his home, and during the next reliable elder in the Presbyterian twelve months he taught the children Church, and yet that man came from of the village and the adults about a cannibal tribe, and when a boy at- Jesus, held street meetings, and dis- tended their orgies. There is no dem- tributed tracts. Then he entered the onstration greater than this, of the Bible school in Kashiwagi for train- wonderful, powerful grace of God and ing, finished its course, and became a power of His Spirit."

worker in the villages of Chiba, where he has already brought many souls SOUTH AFRICA into the light of the Gospel. Union of Effort in South Africa Bishop Lambuth Among Cannibals ROM Natal comes the important F N the heart of Africa, the Methodist news that the Berlin Missionary I Episcopal Church (South), carries Society, the Norwegian Missionary So- on work among dwarf and cannibal ciety, and the Swedish Church Mission tribes, and Bishop Lambuth, in the have united in the ttaining of native M issianary Vaice, gives briefly a de- missionary helpers, teachers, and pas- scription of a trip through a deep for- tors for that field. Each society will est which he had just made. "The have charge of one training institu- Batwa," he writes, "is a tribe of tion, in which one class of workers dwarfs near here, but poisoned arrow- will be educated for all three societies.

heads in the path, hidden among the Thus, the training-school of the Berlin leaves or stuck in the ground and al- Society at Emmaus will be used for

the training of evangelists only, the OBITUARY training-school of the Norwegian Society at Umpumulo will be used for John McLaurin, D.D. the training of teachers only, and a training-school (seminary) for native T HERE died in Toronto on March preachers will be founded in Oscars- 28, 1912, a faithful Baptist misberg and conducted by the Swedish sionary, John McLaurin. Born in Church Mission. Since the three so- 1839 in Osgoode, Glengarry, he was cieties are strictly Lutheran, no doc- born again at the age of fifteen and trinal differences stood in the way of early heard the Master's call to the this most desirable cooperation. ministry. When still a student he be- came the pastor of the church in Strat- MISCELLANEOUS ford but the call to the foreign field seemed to him of greater importance The Indian Census Figures than the service at home. In the au- tumn of 1869, Mr. and Mrs. McLau- A CORRECTION rin sailed for India as missionaries of the American Missionary Union and I N our June number a misleading settled at Ramapatan in the spring of statement appeared in reference to 1870. Then he was transferred to the the growth of Christianity in India. Ongole field, where he baptized 1,100 It was there stated: "The census of converts during his two years' stay. 1911 shows over 100 per cent. advance among Christians in the last In r873 the Canadian Baptists dedecade, as compared with less than cided to found an Independent Mission 8 per cent. increase in the native popu- at Coconada and the McLaurins were lation." The advance has been large, chosen for the field, where they areven phenomenal, but not as large as rived on March 12, 1874. In that these figures would indicate. The field John McLaurin labored faithfigures were misprinted and should fully and successfully, until his health have read "30 per cent. advance gave out and he, more dead than alive, among Christians." The increase of set sail for Canada in 1887. A year Protestants has been much larger- later, partly recovered, he was apa 67 per cent. increase-and among pointed Secretary of the Board and some denominations much greater did splendid work for the next three still. The Congregationalists in South years. But he was not content, and India and the Presbyterians show a being physically unable to rejoin the 300 per cent. increase in membership, Canadian forces on the plains of India, and the Methodists 140 per cent. he accepted the appointment of the growth in the past ten years Missionary Board to carryon literary work at Bangalore in r891. In it he The total number of Christians, ac- continued until 1908, when failing cording to the India "Blue Book," is health drove him to Toronto. 2,923,241 in 1901 and 3,876,203 in 191 I-an increase of 952,692. The John McLaurin was a genuine other figures quoted in the June num- Christian, a warm-hearted, wholeber of the REVIEW are correct. Ro- souled missionary, whose one plea man Catholics claim 1,394,000 adher- was for the evangelization of the ents in 191 I, as compared with 1,122,- world. The Canadian Baptist Mission 000 in I.901-an increase of 272,000, in India which he founded, is aknowor 24 per cent. Syrian Christians ledged as one of the best-managed number about 740,000 and the remain- and most successful missions in the ing 1,442,000 are native Christian world. He himself babtized over2,Soo Protestants. European and American converts. residents in India number about 200,000. AND MISSION LANDS AMONG THE ESKIMOS OF LABRADOR. By Dr. Christian folk, who read the Bible in S. K Hutton. Illustrated. 8vo, 340 pp. their own tongue and obey its pre- 16s., net. Seeley, Service & Co., Lon- cepts in their national as well as their don, 1912. individual life. They love the neat little church which is the center of This well printed and well illus- each Christian vilJage, and even when trated book contains a sketch map away at their hunting and fishing of the Atlantic Coast, and an excel- places they keep the Sabbath and lent map of the whole Labrador penin- gather together for worship. sula. All this and much more Dr. Hutton The author is a missionary and a has brought out with a wealth of detraveler who has made the Eskimos tail, which is delightful reading. his "friends." He narrates some incidents of heroic self-sacrifice for others, and of grateful devotion to the THE CHINESE REVOLUTION. By Arthur J. missionary, partly from his own ardu- Brown. 8vo, 217 pp. $1.00. Student ous and often perilous sledge or boat Volunteer Movement, New York, 1912.

journeys. "If it be true that the proper study Dr. Samuel King Hutton, medical of Mankind is man, the study of China missionary in charge of the Moravian is the most ·proper study of the Mission Hospital at Okak in Northern world to-day" says Dr. Arthur Jud- Labrador, writes as one who knows son Brown. "The Chinese Revolu- the 111nuit, "the people," as the Eski- tion," is a popular history of recent mos are wont to call themselves with events, adapted both for general read- a degree of proper pride. ing and for mission study circles.

The Eskimos as portrayed by Dr. The greatness of the theme is set forth Hutton are a lovable people, for the as follows: "An important element grace of God is manifest in them. His in the significance of the Revolution early chapters wisely tell of the na- lies in the magnitude of the nation tives in their more primitive state, as which it affects. Even a small country one finds them in their tents or their may influence the world, as the history snowhuts at Killinek, the northern- of Greece, Palestine, and the N ether- most outpost of the Labrador mission. lands reminds us. Bulk does not al- But, "at the other stations with their ways mean proportionate power, as weather beaten wooden huts and their Africa illustrates. But when huge trim, White-painted mission houses, size and potential equality are com- life gives a true picture of a native bined, and when the whole mighty Christian community.': mass begins to move and to come into At the same time Dr. Hutton direct contact with other and smaller emphasizes the fact that they are the or weaker peoples, and all other true Eskimos still and he repeatedly peoples are smaller or weaker than praises the wisdom of the generations the Chinese. the possibilities of the of missionaries, who have all along situation are almost overwhelming."

been at pains to maintain the Eskimo Thrilling is the sketch of Yuan national character and customs The Shih Kai, and the account of Sun Yat Gospel brought to Labrador by the Sen's rise from obscurity to second.

first Moravian missionaries in the mid- highest place in the new Republic.

dle of the 18th century has made the The marvellous development of the Eskimo a better Eskimo. And to-day country in the last three years, is des- the coast of Labrador is no more in- cribed in striking terms and bits of habited by heathen savages, but by a miscellaneous information are packed simple, good-humored and kindly into the pages illustrating the density of China's population, the author says author has written on the subject and the province of Shantung has 38,247,- he throws a flood of light on the con- 900 inhabitants, and its area is about ditions in Latin America-good and that of Missouri. Of the wealth of evil. Read the chapter on "Present natural resources, is revealed in one Religious Conditions." Educational province of Shen-si which it is and religious problems are especially thought, could supply the entire world emphasized but the book can not fail with anthracite coal for a thou- to appeal to men who have interest sand years, The work of mission- in the continent or in the Kingdom of aries has not only brought about moral God. reforms but has opened the way for products of western genius and manu- Three chapters deal with the foundfacture. America's merchandise and ing, extension and present status of food products are imported and pres- the Roman Catholic Church in South sure of foreign commerce has brought America. Facts are given regarding about economic transformations of social immorality, ignorance, the prostupendous proportions. hibition of the Bible to the people, and the character of the priesthood, which "N0 longer is the ambitious Asiatic will make unpleasant reading for some content with the classics of Confu- –but all statements are backed by cius," writes Dr. Brown, "he is study- convincing testimony from within the ing the very things that Americans established church. are studying. Ambitious young men of China will get a modern educa- With telling effect four direct question, and they will get it either from a tions are asked and answered in the Christian or non-Christian. Mission concluding pages of the book, viz.: schools were, for a long time, the only institutions in the entire country which Are Protestant missions in South gave their pupils a modern education. America warranted? But now there are Government schools of all grades, and the inten- Can such missions avoid Roman option is to provide one elementary position? If not, should they be conschool for every 400 families in the tinued? empire within five years and school accommodations for 45,000,000 chil- How may they secure adequate redren within ten years." cognition and support?

An index of the modernization of SOUTH AMERICA TO-DAY. By George China is the fact noted that there is Clemenceau. Illustrated. 8vo, 434 pp. now a woman's daily paper in Peking, G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York, 1911. and that in the new Republic there is to be woman suffrage. Where Dr. Speer's book on South America is strong, this "study" by the Dr. Brown has given us a clear and former Prime Minister of France is convincing presentation of the pro- exceptionally weak. We are forced to gress of New China and the impor- conclude that he was either ignorant tance of winning the land to Christ. of South America or that he feared to speak out: He writes in complimen- SOUTH AMERICAN PROBLEMS. By Robert tary language of all that he sees, with- E. Speer. 12mo, 265 PP. 75 cents. out criticism or insight. For any real Student Volunteer Movement, New information as to moral and spiritual York, 1912. conditions in South America the book is valueless. Its description of scenes The visit of Dr. Speer to South and scenery are good. America and his outspoken addresses on the spiritual claims of the Southern THE LAND OF GOOD HOPE. By Rev. Her- Continent on the Christians of the bert Moore, M.A. Map. Illustrated. North, made a stir in both Roman 12mo, 172 pp. S. P. G., London, 1911. Catholic and in Protestant circles. This is the first volume the honored Mr. Moore's Mission Study Circle book gives a remarkably readable, clear and concise description of South Africa and its missions. The photo- graphic illustrations are also iIlumi-

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

nating and there is a good bibliogra- the moral fiber of the social fabric can phy and index. After an account of not be ignored from prudery or false the land and the people, the author delicacy. Evtry home in the land is tells of their religious observances and more or less interested in solving one beliefs. He then records with re- of the most pressing problems in life markable fulness and accuracy the to-day. various kinds of missionary work done among the Europeans and na- The work of enslaving souls is cartives. There is an Anglican flavor to ried on by powerful and cunning the book especially where it deals with agents, who are plotting day and night Ethiopianism and overlapping, but it the ruin of young womanhood and is on the whole broad minded and only the most aggressive warfare waged by the forces of Christianity jUdicious. can check the growth of this mon- strous evil. The weakness of the book THE ADVANCE GUARD OF MISSIONS. By is that it offers no solution of the prob- Clifford G. Howell. 12mo, 347 pp. lem and no salvation for the ruined $1.50, postpaid. Pacific Press Publish- souls. When men and women are ing Co., Mountain View, Ca1., 1912. truly united to Jesus Christ there will be no such social problem. The most interesting way to study history is through biography. Men THE RUSS[AN PEOPLE. By Maurice Baring. and women are the center of move- Maps. 8vo, 366 pp. $3.50, net. George ments. Glimpses at various pioneer H. Doran Co., New York, 1912. periods in home and foreign missions are given in these sketches of such Russia is still in the dark ages. Her men as Marcus Whitman, John Eliot, government is, if possible, worse than Hans Egede, Henry Martyn, Dr. that of Turkey. She is working for Judson, Gordon Hall, Guido Verbeck material advancement and political and twenty others. The stories are power but not with moral, intellectual well told but poorly published. and spiritual welfare of the people. Mr. Maurice Baring, gives us a key THE GIRL THAT GOES WRONG. By Regi- to the situation in Russia. He de- nald W. Kauffman. 12mo, 226 pp. scribe.s the country, climate, people $1.25, net. Moffat, Yard & Co., New and hIstory in an illuminating way and York, 1911. shows how the present conditions have resulted. This volume might almost be called "vVhat a young girl ought to know" In the concluding chapter on "Reliin fact but not by experience. By a gion in Russia," Mr. Baring notes the series of biographical sketches the following facts: author shows the causes, forces and social conditions which lead to the (I) Outward religious observances degradation of young women 111 are very noticeable in Russia. America. He handles a difficult and painful subject with delicacy and dis- (z) The Russians are deeply religcretion; a frank and yet reticent real- ious by nature. ism which loses nothing of its power to convince and move because so much (3) Religion in Russia is a part of must be left unsaid. It is a book that patriotism. A man who is not Orthoevery parent and teacher should read. dox is considered not loyal.

Mr. Kauffman obtained his material (4) The educated classes are frankat first-hand, and the true stories of ly atheistic. these ruined lives, need no coloring to make them impressive and tragic. (5) The Russian is realistic in reli- gion and conservative in the retention There was need this book should be of tradition, custom and ritual. written to open the eyes of men and women who are ignorant of the causes The author, who was formerly in through which the legion of the lost the British Diplomatic Service, and is is recruited. An evil which affects accepted as an authority on Russia, has no hope or expectation that church and state will ever be separated in Russia, or that they will ever be given

true religious liberty. vVe believe that IN FORBIDDEN CHINA. An Account of the the hope of Russia is the religious D'Ollone Mission, 1906-1909. By Visawakening among the student class. count D'Ollone. Translated by Ber- nard MialL Illustrated, 8vo. ISs net THE MISSIONS OF OUR NATION. By James T. Fisher Unwin, London, 1912.' . F. Love, D.D. 12mo, 240 pp. $1.00, net. Revell, 1912. THE GOODLY FELLOWSHIP. By Rachel C.

Home Mission books are less popu- Schauffier. $1.25. The Macmillan Co., lar than foreign missionary books be- New York, 1912. cause there is less of novelty in them. Here is one which, while not novel, is THE LIFE OR LEGEND OF GAUDAMA. The a strong missionary appeal for America for the sake of the world. This is Buddha of the Burmese. With Annothe right view of home missions. tations. The Ways to Neibban and Notice on the Phongyies or Bn;mese INDIA AND DAILY LIFE IN BENGAL. By Z. F. Griffin. Illustrated. 12mo, 214 pp. Monks. By the Right Rev. P. Bigan- $1.00, net. American Baptist P. S., det. 2 vols., 8vo, 267-326 pp. $7.00, net. Philadelphia, 1912. E. P. Dutton & Co., New York, 1912.

This third edition of missionary life THE ADVENTURE OF LIFE. By Wilfred T. and work in one of India's provinces GrenfelL 12mo, 155 pp. $1.10, net. answers many questions in a clear Houghton, Mifflin Co., Boston, 1912. -and satisfactory way. The chapter on British Rule in India shows the many THE NYASA MISSION. By Bishop]' Taybenefits which that rule has conferred lor Hamilton, D.D. Illustrated. Moin the administration of justice, the ravian Missions, Bethlehem, Pa., 1912. maintainance of peace, the development of education, and the improve- PERSIA TO-DAY. By W. Morgan Shuster. ment of social and sanitary conditions. Illustrated. 8vo. 12s, 6d, net. T . Fisher Unwin, London, 1912.

MORMONISM-THE ISLAM OF AMERICA. By Bruce Kinney, D.D. Illustrated. 12mo, 189 pp. 50 cents. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1912.

CHILDREN OF BORNEO. By Edwin H. Gomes, M.A. Illustrated. 12mo, 93 pp. 15, 6d, net. Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier Edinburgh and London, 1912. '

Only a brief portion of the volume FIVE M1SSIONARY MINUTES. Brief Missiondeals directly with Christian missions, ary .Material for Platform Use in the but the two chapters on the subj ect show their history and methods. Sunday-school for Fifty-two Sundays 111 the Year. By George H. Trull. 16mo, 122 pp. 50 cents. Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, New York ' NEW BOOKS 1912.

i'l. HALF CENTURY AMONG THE SIAMESE AND THE GREAT DOCTRINES OF THE BIBLE. By THE LAO. An Autobiography by Daniel Rev. William Evans, D.D. 8vo, 275 J1cGilvary, D.D. With an Apprecia- pp. $1.50, net, postage, 15 cents. Bible In- tion by Arthur]' Brown, D.D. Illus- stitute Colportage Association, Chicago, trated, 8vo, 435 pp. $2.00, net. Fleming 1912. H. Revell Co., New York, 1912. AN ANALYSIS OF CHRISTIAN SCIENCE BASED THE SAINTS OF FORMOSA. Life and W or- ON ITs OWN STATEMENTS. By I. M. ship in a Chinese Church. By Camp- Haldeman, D.D. Pamphlet, 37 pp. 10 bell N. Moody. Illustrated. 12mo, 251 cents. Charles C. Cook, New York, pp. 3s. 6d., net. Oliphant, Anderson 1912. & Ferrier, Edinburgh, 1912. THE MESSIAH OF THE TARGUMS, TALMUDS CHrNA'S NEW DAY. A Study of Events AND RABBIN1CAL WRITERS. By Joseph That Have Led to Its Coming. By Isaac' M. Tydings, M.D. Pamphlet. Joseph Taylor Headland, D.D. Illustrated, 12mo, M. Tydings, M.D., Louisville, Ky., 263 pp. 50 cents. Central Committee on 1912. the United States Study of Missions, West Medford, Mass., 1912. RELIGION AND SLAVERY. A Vindication of MEN AND MANNERS OF MODERN CHINA. By the Southern Churches. By J. H. the Rev. ]. Macgowan. Illustrated, 8vo, 125, 6d, net. T. Fisher Unwin, London, MeN eilly, D.D. 88 pp. 35c" paper. 1912. Smith & Lamar, Nashville, 1912.

CHINA'S REVOLUTION, 1911-1912. A His- THE MAKING OF NORTHERN NIGERIA. By Capt. C. W. ]. Orr. 8s. 6d., net. Mac- millan & Co., London, 1911.

torical and Political Record of the KHONT-HON-NOFER: THE LANDS OF ETHI- OPIA. By H. K. Kumm, Ph.D. Illus- Civil War. By Edwin J. Dingle. Illus- trated, 6s., net. Marshall Bros., Ltd., trated, 8vo. ISs, net. T. Fisher Un- London. 1911.

win, London, 1912.

The Missionary Review of the World — February 1912

MISSIONARY SCENES IN THE CHINESE

1. A Peasant's Home in West China. 7. Demons Guarding a Tem ple Gate. 2. A Buddhist Tomb in Tibet. 8. A Mission School for Girls, Shanghai. 3. Leper Mission Hospital , Kucheng. 9. Coming Men o f China.

4. A Chinese Christian Bible Woman. 10. Four Generations of Chinese Chri stians. 5. Buddhis t P ilgrims in 'est China. . I I . A Lama Dance in Tibet.

6. P art of a Chinese Christian Congregation. 12. A Mission Hospital in Manchuria. 13. Wheel-barrow Ambulance .Bringing a Patient to -a Mission Hospital.

Missionary

e ~ of the World VOL. xxxv. No.2 FEBRUARY, 1912 VOL. XXV. No.2 Old Series New Serie.s Signs of the· Times THE NEW CRISIS IN MISSIONS lies at the foundation of Western prog- ress. They imagine that mere secu- ~T HE Church of Christ is lar and non-Christian education will bending its energies to give the desired power, and these have evangelize the great begun to shape the destinies of the world field, and is Orient. That is the very core of the pouring millions of crisis, that the Orient believes that dollars and hundreds civilization may be achieved without of consecrated mIssIonaries into the Christianization, and that there is no vast heathen lands, but there is not need of breaking with the ancient rereason for self-satisfaction or self- ligions of the fathers. In Japan esconfidence. Among these millions of pecially an undeniable reaction toward non-Christian peoples events are tak- the old national religion has set in, ing place which constitute a veritable and anarchy, socialism, and Christiancrisis. While it is true that the whole ity are apparently identified by the world is restless, and America and Japanese statesmen. China has be- Europe, Asia, and Africa are affected gun to educate her sons, but the by the same dangerous symptoms of schools are wholly secular and often internal disease, the Oriental nations, hinder the work of the missionaries. long asleep and for centuries petrified in their traditions of life and thought Thus, the psychological moment and civilization, are reaching at a seems to have come, and an advance bound what it has taken the West ages in missionary work throughout the of bitter experience to achieve. This Orient is urgently needed. sudden awakening has startled them beyond measure, and a veritable CHINA'S FAMINE AND FLOODS frenzy of iconoclasm seems to possess them. A GREAT flood has devastated a But to these Eastern nations West- part of the Chinese Empire, exern civilization means Western power, tending from Ichang, in the province and not Western Christianity, which of Hupeh, to Shanghai, on the coast, some 700 miles. The banks of the • The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, or positions taken by contributors to these pages.-EDITORS.

Yang-tse- Kiang were obliterated, ex- intelligent, forceful leaders. This cept in the highlands and around the lack is not so noticeable in the present walled cities and towns. The loss of revolution. In the preparation for life can only be estimated, but it is the revolt and in its management, believed that thousands of persons there has been evident clear foresight, have been drowned. At Wuhu the wise planning, fearless determination, water rose higher than at any time of and generally high ideals. There have which there are records, so that 250 been unwise steps and evidences of miles from the sea the water was vindictiveness on the part of some, forty-five miles wide. Millions of but these have not characterized the acres of land, hundreds of square movement as a whole. In God and miles of rice and grain fields, were His plans for China, is the only hope su.bmerged, and hundreds of thou- for true progress and stability, but in sands of villagers were driven from the character of the new leaders there their homes. is great reason for hope that the new China will fulfil some of the ideals of In Hunan the Yuen River has again a great nation. overflowed its banks in the prefecture of Changteh, and the distress there is With the advent of the new year, also great. In North Anhwei and 1912, the revolutionists at Nanking North Kiangsu famine conditions also proclaimed a Republic of China, and prevail; this being the third famine the delegates from the revolting provwithin five years in these two prov- inces elected Dr. Sun Yat Sen as inces. "President of the Provisional Govern- ment of the United Provinces of As in former calamities and fam- China." General Li Yuan Hung was ines, the people have left the devas- elected Vice-President, and Vu Ting tated and famine-stricken districts, Fang Attorney-General. The old Chiand are crowding the roads leading to nese calendar was discarded and the cities clamoring for food. Mis- the Christian method of reckoning sionaries are besieged with appeals to was adopted, with January 1st as the take in more orphan children, whose beginning of the new Chinese year parents have been victims of the latest and of the new Chinese Republic. floods. China is trying to make pro- Yuan-Shi-Kai, the Imperial Prime vision from her own resources for the Minister, refuses to acknowledge the sufferers, but rebellion and war are validity of the action, and insists on a eating up all her available money. national convention to decide on the Native Christians are unable to main- question whether China shall be govtain their church work in the face of erned by a constitutional monarchy or these.disasters. Therefore aid is urg- by a republic. ently needed from American Christians, whose special prayers are also There is grave doubt as to whether asked by all foreign boards. China is yet ready for a republican government. The people as a whole THE NEW RULERS OF CHINA are not adequately educated, nor is the country sufficiently unified. There CHINA'S great lack, since the days is great reason to fear that, tho the of the reform movements stated Chinese are more stable than Latin fifteen years ago, has been adequate,

SIG~S OF THE

peoples, there will be continued unrest T TRIPOLI AND THE SANUSI and uprisings under anything but a HE attempted annexation of Tripvery strong central government. Fail- oli by the Italian Government ure in the republic will bring about brings for the first time a European reaction and retrogression. China is Power into direct conflict with the moving: let her not move too fast and Sanusi Order, the great organization seek to accomplish in a day what re- which has done so much to consoliquires a century. Let the goal be ideal, date and extend Islam in recent years, but let the progress toward it be step and which is at the back of the Panby step, and with adequate prepara- Islamic M"ovement. The order was tion. founded in r834, but its importance dates from the time when its founder It is too early to predict the out- withdrew into the Libyan desert and come; for the question of the future gathered his followers round him in government and the future leaders is the oasis of J aghbub, on the eastern not yet settled. There is, however, confines of Tripolitania. From these great ground for optimism in the char- headquarters he sent his emissaries acter of the leaders of the progressive throughout the Moslem world, and forces. Dr. Sun Yat Sen, the newly with such success that all the great elected President, is a man of fine dervish orders are now affiliated with character and marked ability. He re- the Sanusi and accept the leadership ceived his early education in a mission of its head, the Sheik-ul-Mahdi. school in Hongkong, and is a baptized Christian who believes in following The aim of the Sanusi order is the the teachings of Jesus Christ. General regeneration and extension of Islam, Li Yuan Hung, the Vice-President, is and the restoration of its uncomproa very earnest evangelical Christian mising and warlike spirit. Its organwho is not afraid to let his light shine ization is quasi-military, and its membefore men. Wu Ting Fang was bap- bers excel in a fanatical hatred of tized as a Christian when he attended Christian domination in any form. a mission school, but has since become They are responsible for the rapid an Ethical Culturist. Liang Chi Cho, spread of Islam in Africa. Tripoli another leader of the revolutionists, is has long been a stronghold of the also a product of missionary teaching Sanusi, and in the east of the provand an earnest Christian. He is one ince, at least, the Sheik-ul-Mahdi exof the ablest writers in China, and ercises an authority far more real became an object of enmity to many than that of the Sultan. It is his op- Chinese because of the strong pro- poo;ition which the Italians have to christian character of his writings. dread. But the Sheik-ul-Mahdi is no hot-headed and reckless fanatic. Once The Influence of Christianity in before, when the Mahdi, of the Sudan, China is sure to be felt increasingly sought his cooperation, he showed as the days go on, but whether this this. Furthermore, he and his followwill be by sudden revolution or by ers hate the Turks just as they hate the slow development it is impossible to Christians. On the other side, howpredict. The future is in God's hands. ever, the annexation of Tripoli is an Let Christians stand ready to see and attack on the Sannsi themselves. It cooperate in His plans.

cuts them practically off from the sea. zations as a means of differentiating Should the Sheik declare war the po- politically between Moslems and non- sition will be serious, for he has a :'IIoslems. It has shown strong de- trained fighting force of 25,000, and termination to weld together the va- in the millions of dervishes he has a rious races in spite of religious differ- reserve of fighting men of a class ences and to make them practically whose reckless bravery is well known. one in the political life of the country.

Jaghbub is a strong fortress, and well In this it has met enormous difficul- supplied with modern weapons and ties, and mistakes were made and oc- ammunition. But the real danger is casionally lack of tact and fairness of that of a religious war, causing the spirit were apparent. In the city of whole Moslem world to arise, and Constantinople itself, where the popu- starting outbreaks of fanaticism every- lation has rapidly increased, and the where, which would be disastrous to narrow, crooked streets and the fa- Christian missions among Mohamme- mous "Bridge," the great central ar- dans. tery of the city's life, created vast REAL PROGRESS IN TURKEY difficulties for the enormously in- creased traffic, work on the new bridge T HE evolution in Turkey comprized has begun, and the streets are being in its scope far more than the pure- improved by the lowering of heavy ly political development. Important grades, the construction of sidewalks, changes commercially have taken the tearing down of projecting old place. Schemes for substantial ad- buildings. The dogs, so well known vance in education have been under to every visitor of the Turkish capital, consideration, tho comparatively little have gone (but no other means of for the quickening of the nation's in- dealing- with the g-arbage have yet tellectual life has been done. Educa- been provided!), the streets are bettional hunger and thirst, instead of ter lig-hted, and even automobiles rush being supprest, have been stimulated, about the streets. The freedom of the and it is tacitly acknowledged that press has been respected by the Young there can be no hope of a strong, pro- Turks to a large extent, so that litergressive, and influential Turkey with- ature of all sorts and in various lan- out steady educational advance among guages has wonderfully multiplied. its people. Even the local blunders of Books and papers in general come misguided officials, as especially in into the country without censorship. Albania, do not disprove this general The Bible is as freely published as in advance. London, and in New York, and there is no official obstruction whatever to In the sphere of religion, the new its circulation. Truly there is real, government has not been intent on encouraging progress in Turkey. overthrowing the rights and privileges of non-Mohammedan faiths, nor BIBLE SCHOOLS IN THE ORIENT has it interfered in any way with the perfect religious freedom of all classes T HE movement for closer church of the non-Mohammedan population. relations has assurned large pro- But it has regarded with aversion all portions and more definite shape in attempts to use ecclesiastical organi- the foreign field than at home. The

SIGNS OF THE

wise and consecrated leaders of the tional forces will greatly stimulate the missionary forces have seen the neces- study of the Word of God, and quickly sity of massing the forces and pre- multiply trained native preachers and senting an unbroken front to heathen- workers.

ism. Thus churches are practically INDIA AWAKENING united in some foreign lands, which are quite at variance in this country, T HE last official census of India, and rivalries, only too frequent here, which was taken in March, 191 I, are quite out of date among the mis- and whose figures have now been given sionaries. out, has revealed some very surpri- One of the latest developments in zing things. In spite of cholera, and this direction is the establishment of plague, and famine, and wild beasts, Union Bible Training Schools in the the population of India (without Cey- Orient. A visit of Dr. W. W. White, lon, but with Burmah) has increased of the Bible Teachers' Training from 294 millions in IgoI, to 315 mil- School in New York, with two of his lions. Remarkably large is the in- associate teachers, to China and Ko- crease in the Christian population.

rea last summer brought the move- For instance, the Punjab contained ment to a head. At Nanking he was 37,000 Christians in IgOI, but now greeted by a most representative body about 165,000, which represents the of 123 Chinese delegates, the leaders truly remarkable increase of 446 per of the Church in China, and the Union cent. In Nagpur, in Central India, Bible School of Nanking was estab- were 36,000 native Christians in 1881, lished. It starts out most auspicious- 125,000 in IgOl, and I/7,ooo in 1911.

ly, representing all denominations, In Madras Presidency, with 41,000,- and undertaken with the approval and 000 inhabitants, the Christians in- backing of the various missions. Five creased 16 per cent., Mohammedans missionaries are engaged in teaching I I per cent., Hindus 8 per cent. In and training candidates for the min- Travancore, with 3,500,000 inhabit- istry and native helpers. Dr. J. c. ants, the Christians increased 30 per Garritt, of the Presbyterian Mission, cent., the Mohammedans 19 per cent., a well-known missionary leader, and and Hindus 12 per cent., so that now fine Chinese scholar, has been elected 25 per cent. of its inhabitants are president, and the theological students Christians. The increase in the Chris- of the Methodist and Christian mis- tian population of the Bombay Presi- sions have been transferred to the dency has been II6 per cent.; of the Union Bible Schoo!. Central Provinces 169 per cent.; of In Korea a Union Bible School the United Provinces 175 per cent.; has been suggested as a memorial to and of Burmah 43 per cent.

the late editor-in-chief of this REVIEW, These amazing figures do not indi- Dr. Pierson. This is part of a plan cate the spiritual condition, for many for a chain of Bible schools through- a Hindu registered as a Christian, tho out the country. It is believed that he was nothing but a more or less reg- similar institutions will be founded at ular attendant at missionary services, other strategic points in the Far East, but they indicate at least that there is and that the unification of the educa- a marked change in the attitude of the

Hindus toward Christianity, and that tel'. Thus there is danger that a far multitudes are now ready to register stronger type of Moslem will be dethemselves before the census-takers as veloped, so that it will be more diffi- Christians. cult to approach its followers with the Gospel, and there is need of immediate Additional signs of progress and larger Christian effort. moral awakening are visible everywhere. Even polygamy is growing There are four great Dutch misunpopular, not merely because of the sions, with 13 I stations and outstacost of living which has reduced it to tions, and with eighty European missuch an extent that monogamy is get- sionaries upon Java. Their schools ting to be the rule among common contain more than 7,000 pupils, and people, but because of the "awaken- about 17,000 native Christians are reing," due to the work of the mission- ported. These Dutch missions were aries. organized almost one hundred years ag"o. The German N el1kirchen Mis- Certainly there is a wide-spread sionary Society, and a number of movement in India, which may well other societies, including the Salvacall for thanksgiving to God, as it tion Army, have also workers upon seems to indicate that the day is draw- the island, and report about 2,000 naing near when its caste-bound millions tive Christians. Thus Java can not will be emancipated and turn to Christ. be called neglected, but large areas of Poor old sleepy, philosophizing India it are practically untouched by misis pulsing with new life. SlOnanes.

ISLAM IN JAVA A LAYMEN'S CONFERENCE IN AUSTRALIA I SLAM was introduced into Java T HE first general Conference of the only about 400 years ago, but today practically the whole of its thirty Laymen's Missionary Movement miIIions are Moslems, tho their relig- in Australia was held in Melbourne on ion is not of a fanatical or ardent October 2 and 3, 191 I. Sixty deletype. In spite of the present great gates registered, many of them leadnational awakening upon Java (see ing business men of Melbourne, and a MISSIONARY REVIEW, I9II, p. 326), right spirit animated them as for two the hold of Islam is not growing days they discust the plans and methstronger, because the movement finds od of the Laymen's Movement. its ideal in Europe. Yet the number of pilgrims to Mecca has risen from The conference is regarded as a beabout 3,000 in I900, to about 8,000 ginning, and not as an end, by the in I9IO, and every returned pilgrim is leaders, who are now arranging for a center of religious enthusiasm and sectional conferences in various parts propaganda. The Moslem schools, of the country, when groups of towns found in almost every village, are now will join together in gatherings simibeing reorganized and developed un- lar to that in Melbourne, and who are der government direction, tho they re- planning for conferences for city men tain their distinctly religious charac- in small towns away from large ~ities.

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I '(;/.,' .J ••• ··:-t- ••.;.(:·..,r·t-~.·., "":~.:~ !•••••,. ~ •;s, .•:. ••••:~:"••:o:f•'•,(..)~•K-•.:w•,,t,'-.–:(-"-:+.~,•. / … ':) ~ '. — …. : .. '.:+' .++. ' ~:I :.. ' ' .·t-J.''.:'.~~.·-:.''~ ~I ·:. •I.+~ •I • 1- ZI :'J….–.-.-,,.~:'~ • ' . , ' . • ,~'":" JI) ~ ' , . "

.~) ':.~. ~.; .j;: S·: . '!.. .; :,…… • '.,… ;:, _ ., , ' ; . ' . '. .~ •••• :.; : : ',;.i.k, IJ A N o· . 0'-··_··-1:1 : . :.~. )_….. .' • • +'~/ …i ,….."+ .•. ~ ''.., 00 /. • ."r··!. "'….. : . ,~_ .. …:.. "J ./0•. +f-.·Y'•!;-•. .. '..~..6.., • I('~"V " ' + '.,~ :• .', .. ~"'. '-.. -: ….•-• THE WALLED CITIES OF CHINA Those having resident missIOnaries are indicated by a cross. There are 1,558 of these walled cities in the eighteen provinces, and only about 400 of them have resident missionaries. This leaves over 1,100 without any such workers.

CHINA-A RETROSPECT OF FIFTY YEARS BY THE VENERABLE ARCHDEACON MOULE, B.D.

~. T wo thunder-tones are her future unfolding at the very doors. in my ears while I Fifty years ago, when I first went eastward to China, the Taiping re- , . write, which, with an- bellion was raging, having almost reached its climacteric, and then, un- swering echoes and re- der our very eyes and with close con- tact, it passed to its fall. For thirteen . verberations, seem to years that long storm, with the thun- der and lightning of war and the compel the attention sweeping tornado of bloodshed and devastation, passed .over China, and of Christians and students of the poli- twenty million lives were sacrificed in tics of the Kingdom of God, more even than they claim the anxious in- terest of politicians and students of the world's history. The sounds come from China in her near past and in

that struggle. To-day, as I write, an- Straits and the China Sea, to Hong- other rebellion has begun, in some re- kong, and the few ports open for spects, and especially as an anti-dy- trade and residence on the coast-but nastic movement, resembling the Tai- we went by the Cap~ route, the track ping revolt. Battle's voice has spo- of the old East Indiamen. Our tea- ken and the result must be for a while clipper, the Soicnt, 750 tons burden, uncertain, either of speedy success in was a fast sailer, and well found, but all the provinces and the establish- we were 112 days from the Downs to ment of a new dynasty; or of speedy Shanghai, encountering a cyclone and suppression of the revolt and a further the terror of its "central heart of term of trial for the Manchus; or, a peace," and the even greater peril of third possibility, a protracted and dev- long calm near the pirate-infested astating struggle, as with the Tai- Borneo coast. Since those days the pings. Suez Canal has been opened (r870) and the steamer service vastly im- This double picture, these dual proved, and by this route or hy the voices of war and rebellion, calling Canadian Pacific or American lines, back, first of all, old memories, and the journey can be accomplished in a then beckoning forward to imminent month or five weeks; while China can catastrophe or to a righteous peace be reached overland from Englandwith accompanying prosperity, seem so soon as the double railway line is to distract the mind when I set my- completed through Siberia and Manself to review the intervening fifty churia-in twelve instead of the 112 years in the light of the progress and days of fifty years ago. This one expansion of Christian missions in consideration of the near neighbor- China during this half century. I can hood, comparatively speaking, of heanot do better, perhaps, than contrast, then and Mohammedan mission-fields first of all, China then and China now, should supply a fresh stimulus to misas to contact with her neighbors and sionary zeal, as it supplies greater fathe Western world, and as to changes cilities for missionary enterprise. The in her own internal life and constitu- specter of far and inaccessible distion. For one thing, now the long tances, of long silence, if isolation and cords which seem to hold the nations the sorrow of separation, for missionapart through stretches of ocean or ary recruits and for those left behind land, and the former comparative de- in the dear vVestern home, is largely liberation of locomotion, are tightened laid now. With swift travel comes and drawn in and shortened now, by also frequent and regular postal comthe facilities and accelerations of munication. The one mail a month modern travel. from Europe fifty years ago, soon changed to a fortnightly mail, with M~dern Travel tenpence postage by Southampton, and eighteen-pence by Marseilles or Fifty years ago we might indeed Brindisi, is now expanded to three or have gone by a quicker route of seven four mails a week, soon, probably, to or eight weeks to China, availing our- daily mails with penny postage; and selves of the newly inaugurated over- the solemn silence of four months at land route, through Egypt on camelback or by rail, and then through the Red Sea and Indian Ocean to the

STATISTICAL TABLES FOR CHINA·

THE GENERAL AND EVANGELISTIC WORK (See article by Archdeacon Moule on "China-A Retrospect of Fifty Years," page 87) DATE FOIlEIGN MISSIONAIlIES NATIVE WORKERS CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY AND CONTRIBUTIONS Physicians SOCIETIES – ——–.——–~—-~ — —j—II–+—f— CHINESE EMPIRE 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 American and Canadian Soeietie. 30 30 312 326 American Ad'l'ent Mission Society ••••••••.•.•…••. 1897 2 1 3 7 13 . lJ74 174 3 8 6 30 520 1,370 6 *800 $100 American BaJ!tist Foreip Mission Society•••.••…. 1836 44 10 565 592 157 3,336 7,820 American BioIe Society •••••••••••••••••••••••.••. 1876 1 4 1 46 21 123 14 17 201 125 479 5,215 13,828 72 2,326 16,255 7 1,487 1,652 American Board of Commiasioners for For. Miss ••.. 1847 31 9 6 14 1,019 1,061 6 516 18,420 70 6 36 31 113 27 212 10,213 39,226 Augustana Synod, Ennge1ical Lutheran Church …•. 1902 1 94 107 17 299 104 1,012 11,000 13,927 .52 "2,730 25,421 1 21 22 1 *3 100 5,430 Bible Mission Society••••••••••••••••••••••.••• ,'" 1904 2 2 53 2,750 1 2 1 6 6 6 2 38 4,320 Board of For. Mias., Methodist Ei!iscopal Church •.. 1847 56 17 21 11 68 73 241 165 105 129 24 228 691 2,339 Board of For. Mi…. Presbyterian Church in U. S. A. 1846 86 27 13 5 96 47 274 42 100 100 267 1,231 30,191 53,312 86 3,193 5,301 274 302 26 658 129 1,936 20,041 -67,939 50 200 3,000 Board of For. Miss.. Reformed Church (Dutch) •••. 1842 7 2 1 5 12 26 13 98 108 4 50 14 139 1,714 3,524 11 650 4,043 Board of For. Miss., Reformed Church in U. S••••. 1899 7 Board of For. Mill. Ref. Presby. Ch. (Covenanter) 1898 3 3 8 6 24 1 5 8 2 5 3 105 200 6 1 105 128 Board of aMnidss.M1 _iMsseiotbnol!df)i'.t EJ!iscopal Church, South". 1848 21 1 3 5 1 16 1 2 1 24 15 *300 Christian Alliance •• ••••.••• ••••••.. 1887 33 9 1 23 25 71 24 19 20 1 8 28 20 89 137 lSI 5 22 27 307 2,190 *8,000 70 70 26 731 1,031 Dom. and For. Miss. SOc.. Protestant E~scopal Ch.. 1835 27 3 13 27 27 116 28 37 38 6 89 11 18 23 299 1,961 6,285 Exec. Com. of For. Miss., Presbyterian Ch. (South) 1867 31 6 3 2 35 19 93 10 9 9 12 46 16 286 1,395 ·5,500 First New Testament Church, LOs Angeles ••••••••• 1901 1 82 82 Foreign Christian Missionary Society •••••••••••.•.. 1886 16 1 2 3 14 14 1 3 671 18 For. Dept., International Committee, Y. M. C. A ••. 1896 6 8 48 23 3 3 8 20 10 92 714 *2,800 58 58 ~t., Board, Y. W. nC.CAh n'I s tU' 6 2 21 23 1 53 26 26 10 ted Brethren i For. Miss. National . S. A . . 1903 2 1 2 3 3 13 13 1 For. Soc., Uni • •.. •• • . 1889 S 1 12 20 20 For. MiSs. Board, Southern Baptist Convention' •.. 1845 38 8 1 2 8 5 377 377 2 129 473 1 40 25 112 14 6 6 17 105 44 511 5,594 22,187 55 2,389 7,030 For Miss. Com., Presbyterian CDurch in Canada ••… 1888 17 6 2 19 8 51 45 45 5 28 2 273 1,346 *5,200 1,638 Friends' For. Miss. Soc., Ohio Yearly Meeting ••.•. 1890 3 1 12 12 2 5 11 12 12 2 5 2 20 177 892 2 289 456 General Miss. Board of the Free Methodist Church. 1904 2 4 5 3 14 5 5 4 1 1 140 1 32 7 2 4.963 5,329 General Miss. Board, Church of the Brethren •••••• 1908 2 1 5 1 1 Hagues Synod China Mission .••••••••••••••••••.•. 1891 5 2 5 5 18 4 39 4 150 567 1,150 Home and For. Miss. Soc. United Evan. Church .•. 1899 6 5 2 14 3 70 5 271 212 1 2 4 30 Missionary Society of the Evangelical Association…. 1904 4 4 8 Missionary Society of the Methodist Church, Canada" 1890 26 11 1 5 1 507 35 13 93 7 57 480 *7 *490 Mission Board, E'I'8n. Luth. Norwegian Brethren ••.• 1895 2 2 6 3 7 1 Scandinavian Alliance Mission (Mongolia) •••••..•.. 1895 4 8 8 50 4 2 Sennth·Day Adventist Mission Board •••••••••••… 1901 7 2 2 6 12 3 3 32 1 4 117 9 214 1,603 Seventh·Day BaJ!tist Missionary Society•••••.••.•.. 1850 1 3 1 Swedish E'I'8ngelical Free Church •••••••.•…'•..••• 1895 8 2 2 66 3 140 450 5 Swedish E'I'anJelical Mission Covenant of America .• 1891 4 1 4 4 19 10 3 4 10 3 138 446 *1,700 Trustees of Canton Christian College ••..•••••••… 1886 12 1 1 United Norwegian Lutheran Church of America ••••• 1905 2 8 9 27 5 30 542 1,432 University Medical School in Canton •••••.•……,.• 1899 2 1 2 1 Woman's Miss. Society, Methodist Church, Canada .. 1893 Woman's Union Missionary Societ)' of America ..••.. 1869 11 13 3 4 4 3 7 7 1 5,881 Yale Foreign Missionary Society 6 ••••••••••••••••• 1902 1 1 1 1,400 802 7,106 85,749 215,523 1,304 51,026 .132.416 r-~–~–~–~—7–~–~' Totals, 41 American and Canadian Societies……… – 517' 130 73 109 587 440 1,812 366 252 1.923 Australasian Society Presbyterian Church of New Zealand…………… 1901 2 3 2 8 15 15 102 252 British Societies BaJltist Missionar, Society'………………….. 1877 37 10 4 27 14 92 267 267 11 328 ·107 451 5,506 *22,024 139 1,484 1,392 Bntish and Fore,gn Bible Socie!Y…………….. 1809 4 9 13 26 '310 310 11 Christian Literature Society for China………….. 1887 1 1 15 15 1 Christian Missions in Many Lands 8.. •••• • •• • •••••• 1885 2 26 24 21 73 '0_ 41 *160 80 6 6 18 1 1 10,714 Church Missionar), Society o. • • • • . . • . • • . . • • . . . . • . •. 1844 66 16 3 24 7S 102 283 37 952 989 53 10_ 7,629 20,518 10_ Church of England Zenana Missionary Society…… 1884 3 45 48 103 103 13 2 2 Church of Scotland Foreigrl Missionary Committee'. 1878 2 12 145 145 2 323 480 2,285 10 402 68 Church of Scotland Women's Assoc. for For. Miss… 1888 7 7 6 6 1 Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church of Ireland 8. 1869 11 10 4 209 213 10 127 *20 927 1,969 11,473 160 6,715 For. Miss. Com., Presbyterian Church of England… 1847 19 5 5 2 33 8 204 ,·:87 570 6,223 *25,000 10_ 14,209 Friends' F ore/gn Mission Association…………… 1886 9 ti 3 21 22 80 34 340 374 2 1 9 11 4 27 82 82 5 36 5 42 144 2,063 10 603 London Missionarr Society…………………… 1807 43 21 Mission to the Chmese Blind and Illiterate Sighted.. 1886 1 6 3 55 27 155 12 454 466 20 300 10_ 10_ 13,083 23,190 13 13,222 National Bible Society of Scotland…………….. 1863 5 1 1 2 3 3 1 11 ~':i~ i~!etM.u~~gp~fa~~~~:d~~~~·Kil.s: ·C~;';.•:: f~~~ g ~ 5 '317 317 5 1 1 7 7 32 34 34 2 17 761 1,581 13 288 336 7 7 40 9 59 1 10 4 281 285 8 92 22 87 5,744 10,615 32 2,895 4,685 S….. .. …. United Methodist Church Missionary Society…….. 1859 17 6 1 2 22 6 53 12 422 434 10 58 141 2,007 11,253 21,096 "140 2,200 Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society 1852 43 10 2 33 12 90 6 IS3 159 21 87 115 197 4,401 9,629 29 788 3,567 ~~—7—+—7–~—r–~–+—+—-r~-+—+—+—+–~—-~—-'~~—-0—- Totals, 18 British Societies…………………… – 278 89 39 82 319 277 1,065 109 4,099 4,208 207 1,235 514 4,663 51,311 149,694 541 14,046 55,512 Continental Societies AUg. evangelisch·protestantischer Missionsverein….. 1899 3 – – 2 2 8 12 13 1 2 Berliner Frauen·Missionsverein fiir China……….. 1850 1- – – – 4 5 1 1 1 Berliner Missionsgesellschaft •••••••.••••.••••.••.. 1867 22 – – 2 19 5 48 5,528 Danske MissionslIClskab •••••••••••••••••.••…..• 1896 11 2- – 8 5 26 6 279 285 13 198 5,700 109 8 7 Evangelische Missionsgesellschaft zu Basel……… 1846 32 2- 2 24 2 62 1 9 6 6 89 6,484 7 213 220 15 97 104 6,440 Finw Missionssi11skapet •••••.•••••.•.•.••……. 1903 8 1- – 2 7 18 40 40 100 Hildesheimer Ver. fiir die Blindenmission in China.. 1890 – – – – – 44 2 24 3 6 6 1 Kieler China Mission………………………… 1896 2- – 1 2 1 6 14 1 71 Norske Missionsselskab .•••••••…••.•….•……. 1902 9 1 1 2 6 5 24 14 2 3 3 27 95 38 134 Norsk lutherske Kinamissionsforbund…………… 1893 – – – 10 8 5 23 24 24 4 14 65 298 8 10 Rheinische Missionsgesellschaft •••….•………'".. 1847 14 2- 4 17 4 41 78 7 20 20 834 1,299 2 60 1,425 Svenska Baptisternas Mission…………………. – 4- – – 329 79 11 11 2 7 227 Svenska Missionsforbundet ••..•.•.•………•….• 1891 – – – 22 15 13 50 49 49 7 322 Svenska Mongolmissionen ••.••••..••……..•…•• 1898 1- – – 1- 2 7 25 696 1 T-~–~—+—+–~–~—~–~ Totals, 14 Continental Societies……………….. – 107 10 1 43 107 59 326 16 735 751 70 397 926 15,078 26,619 2 60 13,977 China Societies Broadcast Tract Press•••••••.••….•…..••.••.••. 1896 2 .- Canton Medical Missionary Society •………•..•.•. 1838 Central China ReliB!ous Tract Soc,ety …………… . 1876 4 4 5 Chefu Industrial Mission ••.••••••….••.•.••..•••• 1895 1 5 5 150 China Baptist Publication Society •••.••….•..•..•• 1899 3 9 9 2 Christians Mission ……………………….. . 1893 11 11 "Door of Hope" Mission •••••••••••..••..•….•••• 1900 8 8 13 13 General Committee, Y. M. C. A. of China and Korea. 1896 20 7 9,750 20 Gospel Mission ••••••••••••••••••••••.••.••….••. 1892 1 6 3 16 3 Grace Mission •••.•••••••••••••••.•••…•….•… 1902 1 1 1 3 6 7 1 6 22 273 800 200 135 4 International Institute ••••••••••••.•••…•..•.••• 1894 1 1 2 1 2 1 3 John G. Kerr Refulle for Insane •.••.•••….•…•.. 1 North China Tract Society••••••••.•••••.••••.•…. 1 2 1 111 900 Oriental Society_ for Education of Deaf Mutes ….. . 1887 1 1 2 5 5 1 3 14 26 43 45 6 11_ 289 *1,100 South Chih·li Mission …•••.•.••………•…..••. 1896 4 2 7 Y. W. C. A. of C"nina . • • . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1899 1 1- 12 -r–~–~–~–~~~~~~—r——~—+—-~'–+-'–+—+—-r—-:—–+—+—-~—– Totals, 16 China Societies……………………. – 15 3- II 18 40 85 4 106 110 21 25 11 22 562 1,1100 6 350 10,8116 International Society China Inland Mission 11•••••••••..•..•..• , • . . . . . •• 1865 18 1 11339 230 311 898 18 1,617 1,6115 205 769 546 2,804 111,0411 76,1116 10_ 338 Union Society –+__–+___–+_ _-_1-_–+_ _–+__-_ Methodist Publishing House " •…………….•… 1_19_0_3+__1+_-_1-_-_!_–1+—1+—….J–3+–…-!!_–~!_—J!_-1_!_—_!___ '1-1 1 Grand Totals, 92 Societies •.••……..•.••..•.•.•• 020 251 11141 58311,26511,0934,1971 513111,595112,108/ 75714,350 2,027 15,521 1177,7141470,184-' 859165,4821213,2511 * Condensed from the World AIllU of Christia,. Missi01lS, Student Volunteer Movement, New York. See also in the Atlas the summaries for Educational, Medical, Industrial, Bible, and Literary Worle. 1 ColJ!orteurs directly supervised by the Bible Society. • Each cI1urch or chl!P~1 has a Bible Sehool on Sunday. 1 Includes data for W'omen's Society. • Includes the work of the Bible Missionary Society. Amalgamated January, 1910. • Does not include work of the Woman's Board. 'Does only educational work. Christian students are members of churches of their own missions. 'Includes the data for the Baptist Zenana Miasion. • Church statistics reported by the Lao·ho-kou station only. • Includes dats of Medical Mission Auxiliary. ,. No data reported. •• • U Preaching at least occasionally in 110 towns. 11 Data includes that for the following associate missions: (1) Scandinavian China Alliance, (2) Swedish Misson in China, (3) Swediah Holiness Union, (<4) Norwegian Mimon 1n China, (5) German China Alliance, (6) Liebenzell Mission (7) Free Church Mission of Finland. ,. While the China Inland Mission has one Church of England bishop and some worker. with Church of England order. and others with the orders of the Presbyterian, Baptist, and other Churches recognized in the home countries, the total figures are given under one head without differentiating. The custom of the C. I. M. is to recognize all workers as proilationers for thwo years) when if apJ!roved they are received as junior missionaries, and at the close of a total of five years' service, if the language testa have been passed and proof of fitness baa been Mown, t ey are l1efinitely _appointed with parchments as senior missionaries with power to take full pastoral charge of mission stations. "Union of Methodist Episcopal Church and Methodist Episcopal Church, South. * Estimate. Except in column 18, all estimates are from the societies.

1 2 ] CHINA-A RETROSPECT OF FIFTY YEARS

sea with no word or whisper from sion work in China seemed, for the home as we sailed round the world, is time of its duration, to raise even changed for the telegram which is laid higher and stronger brazen walls than on your table in London some time those which Xavier mourned over as before it seems, by the hour affixt to a barrier to Christianity. The few the form, to have left Shanghai. How missionaries then in China, some of very much may be done by this close whom had been venturing a little way and constant communication to cheer inland for exploration, were all drivand strengthen the missionary army en back by the advance of the civil at the front, if the home churches and war, and were congregated in or near individual friends of missions will Shanghai, waiting for the possible write frequently and fully to their opening of the gates, should the Taifriends and representatives abroad, as pings finally win or be finally overwell as by their looking for news thrown. There were then in China, and information from the often over- besides the missionar-ies of the Roman whelmed workers themselves. Church, scarcely a hundred from all the churches of the Reformation, and The Increase of Missionaries the number of Christians scattered up and down the coast, with no mission, But a more striking contrast meets church or station in the interior, was our eye when we look at the changes about a thousand. Forty-six years in China itself. When we sailed for later, at the time of the Shanghai Con- China in 186I a great comet was bla- ference of all missions, in commemozing in the sky. We saw it through a ration of the centenary of Robert Morrift in storm-clouds off the Cape of rison's arrival in Olina, I saw a re- Good Hope, and it hung ominously markable reproduction of these numover China when we arrived. It bers, one hundred and one thousand, seemed to the Chinese and to the in the Conference hall. That hall world almost as a sign in the heavens was a large room attached to the fine of the calamities which were devasta- buildings of the Chinese Y. M. C. A., ting and almost ruining the land. The managed chiefly by their own Chinese Taiping rebellion was at its height committee with a Canadian resident after ten years of conquest and blood- adviser and head. The funds for this shed and confusion. The rebels still building were chiefly supplied by libheld Nanking, and had threatened eral contributions from friends in Peking itself, and soon after swept America. The hall passed out of the down, menacing Shanghai and cap- hands of the builders and decorators turing Ningpo, till they were expelled just in time for the meeting of the from the last city and gradually Conference. It was a memorial hall driven back; and after two more for the loving remembrance of the deyears of desperate resistance were parted saints, Chinese and western, finally crusht in 1864, leaving China who had lost their lives in the Boxer shattered and shaken after foreign uprising. Notice the wonderful progwar and internal conflict, from which ress of the Church of Christ, that the perhaps even now she has scarcely re- period of martyrdom has come. The covered. Christians are numerous enou~h and The effect of that rebellion on mis-

evident enough to excite the notice must be content with provincial or and animosity of the enemy-ay! district conferences, tho the sigh and and strong enough to face death- the sob for union, which was borne on men, women, and children too-will- the air during the whole conference, ingly and deliberately, waving aside must not be silenced or supprest by the offer of reward and honor and such separate acts of council. This wealth, if they will but revile Christ was perhaps one of the saddest and and trample on His Word-ready to at the same time one of the most face the fire and flood, the sword and gladly significant signs, at this Contorture, and thousands of them actu- ference. It was ascertained that there ally passing through these to their are more than 80 bodies outside the Lord's presence and glad welcome. In Roman communion at work for Christ this hall, on the ground floor, were in China, and 52 were actually represeated a thousand missionaries, and sented at the Conference. Thank these were the chosen delegates and God, we could not but say, first of all, representatives of the four or five that missionary zeal has fired almost thousand working in the land-as every Christian body in Christendom! many Christian workers, that is, But alas! was the answering note, chosen from a large number as there why is it necessary that those who were Christians of all ages and classes profess to believe the one faith once in all China forty-six years before; delivered to the saints, should insist and a hundred delegates and visitors on exaggerating their differences of in the gallery, and on the platform- mere expression, and dissensions as to that is, the full number of the mis- the forms and institutions of the sionary band in all China so long be- Faith, so as to divide themselves fore. into separate organizations, clustered round individual and isolated Chris- These missionaries, from Europe tian truth, instead of carrying their and America and Australasia are favorite and specialized beliefs into outnumbered by at least five to one by the communion of one Church, Primithe great body of Chinese clergy and tive, Apostolic, Scriptural, Catholic, pastors, evangelists and school-teach- Reformed, in which harmonized and ers, working in the land, and repre- not isolated all these individual truths sent a body of Christians nearly 200,- may be found, and so present to the 000 strong in communicants, and world that wonder the convicting and quite half a million of baptized men, persuasive power of which our Lord women, and children. It was felt at Himself prayed for and foretoldthis conference, that so greatly had "That they all may be one, that the God blest and increased His Church world may believe." This aspiration in China, that this must be the was almost continually exprest, but last General Conference ever to be in differing forms and with different held in one place. No building can be constructed large enough to hold suggestions. 'r am not sure that we the numbers who should attend such a general gathering, including (as it are nearer corporate union than we must, of course, do in the future) Chi- were fifty years ago, but Christen- !lese delegates 1l~ well as English. We dom seems more and more alive to the sorrow and shame of our unhappy

I9 I2 ] CHINA-A RETROSPECT OF FIFTY YEARS

divisions, as year by year brings us per waters of the Yangtse River, Hannearer to the coming of the Lord and kow being an open port 600 miles the great day of account. from Shanghai. This was a very definite advance, but being a treaty It was noteworthy that the mis- port, it was not so significant an adsionary delegates at the great confer- vance as the tentative and afterward ence which I am describing, came, I permanent extension of the C. M. S. believe, from every province in China; II SCIENCE LADORA TORY AND MUSEUM IN THE Y. M. C. A., CHENGTU certainly to-day missionaries are to be to Hankow, the capital of Chekiang, found living and working in each four days' journey inland, in I864, province of the empire. The con- followed by the American Presbytetrast in this respect is significant in- rian mission to the same great city. deed. With the exception of the Then three years later the mission Jesuit missionaries who had long be- with the specific name of the China fore penetrated in disguise into the Inland arrived, and starting from this interior (tho statistics of Roman same already occupied post, its wonmissions are not easily attainable), derful history of expansion and penethere were no resident Protestant tration commenced, in which most of missionaries or established stations in the other Protestant missions are now the inland districts of China in I86r. taking part. There has been in some The departure of Dr. Griffith John, cases violent and murderous opposiwhich I witnessed in August of that tion, as in the Changsha region in year, for Hankow, under the L. M. S., r893, which was accompanied and fol- lowed by most truculent and virulent was the first penetra.tion into the up-

placards denouncing and condemning difficulties and delays of older travel; to expulsion anct annihilation all for- and while the facilities of travel may eigners and Christians who should possibly unify the differing dialects dare to violate the borders of Hunan. of the Chinese spoken language, they Farther south, also, in the inland re- will greatly help in gaining access to gions of Fukien, at Kucheng, sud- all the land.

den fanatical attacks resulted in the Changes in Methods murder of a whole missio:ury party, well loved not only by their own The passage of the years in this Christian friends, but by the people half century now under review has generally; and the Christian forbear- not, however, in the writer's opinion, ance exhibited and the refusal of re- brought much change in the plans prisals have left there, and in other and agencies of missionary work. The places of martyrdom for Christ's sake, building has grown indeed, and has the result of Christian life and revival been enlarged, but its foundations and growth. But in the great major- have not been altered nor its general ity of instances, our advance and oc- plan deviated from. The cords have cupation, in the peaceful wars of the been lengthened, but the stakes, where Lord, of city or country town, tho any Christian work worthy of the seldom unchallenged, have been ef- name is established, are the same fected by consideration and concilia- stakes, wherever planted. "Other tory action. foundation can no man lay than that There are still great regions in the is laid, that is Jesus Christ." No new Chinese empire, and a very large num- method of any vital importance un- ber of citif's, market-towns, and popu- known fifty years ago is, so far as lous villages unoccupied, and scarcely the writer is aware, now in opera- touched by Christian missions. If tion. There has been great develop- there be, say, at the outside, two mil- ment and advance, but on the old lion five hundred thousand nominal lines; the change most notable, discust Christians of all churches, Roman and below, is (if we mistake not) for the Protestant, in China, that number, tho worse not for the better, retrograde very large, compared with the few not forward. Half a century ago, in thousands fifty or sixty years ago, yet the early dawn of what is called the leaves 397,500,000 outside the fold of modern age of missions in China, the Church, unconverted and largely evangelistic work, as far and as wide unevangeJized. I have not noticed as possible, took the first place. Med- the increased facilities for travel in ical missions were very early pro- China itself, which should encourage jected, and have grown and flourish- and stimulate us in endeavoring, in ed wonderfully. Educational work, the power of the Holy Ghost, to grap- primary and secondary, with western ple with this great problem of reach- learning and languages, was natural ing the unevange1ized, The increase and successful among a people de- of steam navigation on the inland voted to education. One of our waters of China and the rapid growth Anglo-Chinese schools in Shanghai of the railway system in all dIrec- was founded quite sixty years ago, tions, contrast startlingly with the and is flourishing to-day.

CHINA-A RETROSPECT OF FIFTY YEARS

Literary work, also, first the prepa- a foreign sect, and as such as of ration and perfecting of translations doubtful use and reliability, but as a of the Bible into wen-li, the book power of supernatural and spiritual language, and into Kwan-hwa and energy, so that now, not in the mere the other dialects of China, and language of the Treaty of Tientsin, then the preparation of books 011 the but in the estimation of many of the evidences of Christianity, and trans- rulers and of multitudes of the peolations of our best theological and ple: it is regarded as a religion which general literature into Chinese, and teaches the love of others as we love treatises and tracts for distribution, ourselves. We hope this process of were followed, soon after the Taiping acceptance and peaceful conquest, but upheaval (which, indeed, in its out- with deeper conviction and fuller burst of a kind of revival of learning knowledge, will be accelerated. But and thirst for the languages and lit- we utter, and that not without cause, eratures of the West, resembled the this warning. If the churches do not recent upheaval in China, culminating awake and "consider their ways," as it seems in the revolution of to- there may be decline and death. If day)-by magazines mingling devo- there be much talk about strategic tional and ethical article~ with science plans and movements, instead of adpages and historical and geographical vance in force, frontal and on the supplements. These magazines were flanks; if there be much discussion of very largely read by Chinese gradu- problems and suggestions to meet ates competing in the examinations merely imaginary new requirements for their second degree which quali- in this new age; if there be dissatisfied for office, because into the exam- faction with the evidences of the ination papers some twenty years ago Faith, which have satisfied deep questions on engineering and mining thinkers of all ages; if a Bible disand chemistry and other branches of sected, and discredited in parts, be science were one by one inserted in offered, instead of "the word of the the place of the old questions on phi- truth of the Gospel" infallible and inlosophy and ethics and government, spired; jf our Lord's testimony to His drawn from their own ancient clas- Word be challenged, and the assumpsics. This undermining process which tions of scholarship be taught instead has led, either for good or for evil, of the old certainties of deeper reto the recent revolution in China's search; if, worst of all, evangelization curriculum of study and examination, and public preaching and from house owes its origin largely to mission lit- to house, be put last and not first in erature and mission schools. All missionary methods-then, it may be, these missionary methods and plans and agencies continue, very widely eGod forbid it!) that the glory of our spread and in efficient force, and the hold which Christianity has acquired work for great China may be even on the empire is a very definite and now departing. manifest one. It is now regarded, and especially since the Boxer upri- Chinese Church Growth sing eleven years ago, not so much as Meanwhile, the native churches- would that we could say rather, the one native Church of China-are de-

vel oping self-support, self-govern- of many, in this same connection. Has ment, and self-extension in many the time nearly arrived when we may places, notably in the Swatow region, safely leave to the Chinese churches, and in Chekiang and Kiangsu; and and to this enlightened, educated, and everywhere these principles are recog- civilized people generally, the freenized as the marks of a living and dom and power (with the Bible, of g-rowing church. course, in their hands) to think for themselves, to decide on their own Ve must not forget that the estab- form of religion, and perchance to inlishment of such a Christian Church vent or discover something better in China, through ever accumulating suited to the Chinese instinct than the individual conversions and households forms and the dogmas and the instituand communities brought to God, has tions which we bring to them? Or, been from the first the goal set before further, instead of this voluntary rethe Western churches. Our chief fear moval of Vestern influence, shall we has been lest a premature sigh of re- be startled soon by a request not from lief (if I may use such an expression) the new government of China alone, be heard in the west, the suggestion but from the Christian Chinese that even now we may leave the fur- churches themselves that we be good ther evangelization of the Chinese na- enough to evacuate the land and the tion to the Chinese Christians them- field, and leave China in this, as in selves. This is surely an error. So other respects, to the Chinese? What long as there are multitudes to be is our duty in the interval, which may evangelized in China, and so long as be a short one? Not, surely, to sound the native Church, sorely prest by the as our farewell message doubt and necessities of self-support and self- criticisms of the Faith; and, with a government, can not, without assist- kind of sympathetic recital of the herance, overtake the vast work of win- esies and schisms through which the ning China for Christ-so long our Church, after long centuries, has won work as evangelists and teachers re- her way back to the faith and discimains, if they will have us in China. pline of the earliest days; to say now, We must be content, however, much "Try your Chinese hand on some more than in days gone by, to act fresh heresies and schisms, or peras colleagues, companions, fellow or chance on some new discoveries of even subordinate helpers, instead of truth." But rather this, "We combeing in the past, almost from neces- mend to yon the deposit we have resity perhaps, leaders, superintendents, ceived, dogmatic, precise, yet deep controllers. And with these altered and broad and exhaustless in grace circumstances we shall find that a and wonder, as God's truth. So we large contingent of native agents, preach, so ye believed, so teach others agents in the same sense that we are when our voices are silent. One agents, paid of course when necessary, Lord, one Spirit divine, one Faith, or voluntarily helping us, will be to one Baptism, one God and Father of the end an absolutely essential ele- all, above all, throngh all, and in you ment in our machinery. all, in China as in all the world."

Two other reflections remain, and two other possibilities, in the opinion

Hope

SCENE AT THE OPENING OF THE LARGEST CHURCH IN FORMOSA ORMOSA under Japan ening of their trousers, a tightening mF is quite a different of their sleeves, some smattering of , place from that under knowledge, a handful of foreign phrases, a taste of science, a touch of the Chinese twenty agnosticism."

years ago. Then it The greater number of the Chinese was much the same as * population (over 3,000,000) inhabit China. "The Chinese in Formosa," the broad, rich fertile plain on the west coast. They live in hamlets ensays a recent writer, "whether in town circled by tall bamboos, whose wel- come shade screens the thatched huts or country, laugh and weep as they from view. Traveling along the rail- way line clumps of bamboo-trees are did a thousand years ago; they have seen here and there all over the plain, and one who did not know the habits the same cares, the same anxieties of the people would be inclined to ask, as a visitor once did, "Yes! Formosa about crops and business, the same is a very beautiful place, but where are the people?" Business and farmplanning to find wives for their sons * In addition to the Chinese there are about and husbands for their daughters, the 771000 Japanese, and an estimated population of about rODiODD savages who inhabit the mountains same dread of demons and offended and the East Coast.

spirits, the same longing for wealth and sons and honor the length of days, the same vague fear of death.

The new thing in Formosa is this, not a little modification in their surround- ings, a slight change in their customs, a shortening of their coats, a length-

ing may be said to be the chief occu- nese gentleman. A new learning and pations. But now conditions have new ambitions are taking the place of opened up new pursuits and employ- the old. In another generation it will ments. "Large numbers find employ- be a rare thing to find a boy wellment and good wages in government versed in Chinese literature. The offices, in the camphor distilleries, in Chinese classics are no longer taught the tea plantations, on the railway, in the schools in the same thorough FOUR JAPANESE AND A CROWD OF MOUNTAIN SAVAGES, FORMOSA and in the huge sugar-crushing mills; way that they used to be. Japanese and away among the hills where enor- is eagerly sought for its commercial mous works are being opened to con- value. Clerks and accountants in trol the rivers so as to generate elec- banks and offices and post-offices are tricity, and then lead the water to now wanted, just as English-speaking irrigate vast tracts of land which at men are wanted on the coast of China. present are desert."* No longer does the old-fashioned Chinese scholar take The coming of Japan has wrought the first rank in the time-honored many changes in the social life of the quartet of employments~scholars, Chinese. Some of them are for good, farmers, workmen, traders. The lit- and some for evil. The rites of properary man with the long flowing gar- erty have become more secure. The ment has almost disappeared; and endless feuds as to the ownership of along with him have gone many of land have come to an end. Courts of the old courtly manners of the Chi- law have been established where a certain measure of justice is meted *Chinese Recorder) 1909. Articles on Formosa, out to all, Christian and heathen by Rev. D. Ferguson Simon. alike. As an instance of the thorough

IN FORMOSA TO-DAY

way in which the Japanese deal with bling is unknown. A few weeks ago disease, the effort to exterminate I met a drove of handcuffed men beplague might be mentioned. They ing led off to the central Formosa levy a tax on every household of two prison for secret gambling. The other rats. A fine is imposed on those who day, when walking over the hills with fail to produce the tax. Every rat is a friend, we raised from a hollow a examined, and if found to be plague- little group of gambling youths, who infected the house from which the started up like game from a hillside rats came has to be thoroughly heath. They fled like hares. I never cleansed and disinfected. During the saw Chinamen run so fast before. last eight years 34,944,435 rats have Opium-smoking among old smokers is JAPANESE SOLDIERS ATTACKING HEAD-HUNTING SAVAGES IN FORMOSA been destroyed. Twice a year every tolerated, but new licenses are not house and shop has to disgorge all its easily obtained. Thus the government effects, and be thoroughly cleaned out. have reduced and almost abolished Rows of tables line the streets, covered violent crime. As a man said when with bottles and boots, and fruits, and preaching with me in a village the boxes, and tins and cans, and pots and other day, "Is not this a time of pans, while an inspector passes along peace? Tether your cattle to that and goes in to see that the shops have tree over the night, and who will dare been properly cleaned. Fancy Broad- to come and steal? Vhat a change way, New York, or Fleet Street, Lon- from the former time!" The Japdon, having to undergo an ordeal like anese are demonstrating in the eyes this! Then there is such a complete of all that much that is good can be and thorough system of espionage brought into the social life of a people that open crime such as theft or gam- by making crime difficult.

BUFFALOES USED TO CRUSH SUGAR-CANE IN FORMOSA "When all is said and done about Japanese are squeezing as much out the Japanese occupation of Formosa," of the island for themselves as they says Mr. Ferguson, "one can not but possibly can." Of course, the Chinese acknowledge many improvements. I benefit accidentally, and possibly they think I am safe in saying that, barring are grateful. On the whole, the the savages on the high mountains, younger generation is pleased with there are few places in the world the new order of things. But they do where life and property at the present not love the nation that rules. Their time are so safe. Some of us can re- attitude is one of cordial dislike or member days when to travel unpro- even hatred. They are fully alive to tected during the Chinese New Year the benefits the Japanese have introseason meant a likelihood of being at- duced. But altho like the dogs, they tacked and plundered, and possibly do eat fairly big crumbs that fall from killed by highway robbers." the master's table, it is not to say that they would not prefer to share in It is fairly evident that the Japanese the feast. The other day a missionary are expioiting the island of Formosa was speaking of progress and awakenfor their own benefit. They are here ing in China. The question at once to develop the resources of the island sprung to the lips of his Chinese primarily for themselves. The other friend, "Then do you think some day day, when the engineer in a sugar- China will be able to win back Formill was explaining to me how the mosa ?" That is the hope that lies modern machinery extracted 80 per concealed in the hearts of roo per cent. cent. of the juice out of the cane, of the Chinese in Formosa. twice as much as the old native mill drawn by cattle, I thought, "Well! The mission work on the island is that is just an illustration of how the shared by two churches, the Cana-

IN FORMOSA TO-DAY

dian Presbyterian in the north, and aries have devoted much time to the the English Presbyterian in the training of pastors and preachers, the south. The work of the former was organization of the native church, and opened in I872, and for long carried aggressive evangelistic effort. Medion single-handed by its able and vig- cal work has been richly blest, esorous founder, Dr. Mackay, author of pecially in the early days, and through a book entitled, "From Far Formosa." the ministry of healing the love of The mission of the English Presby- God has been revealed to not a few. terian Church was founded a few At the present time in connection with years earlier, in I865. The field is the two missions there are eighteen an ideal one in the sense that we have foreign missionaries; 9 native pastors, no sectarian rivalry.* The island is I IO unordained preachers, over 300 divided between the two missions, elders and deacons, a membership of and each works its own separate field. more than 5,000 in full communion, There is reason to hope, however, that and a worshiping community of erelong the two native churches will many thousands. The givings of the be united in one. Both mISSIons nCltive church total a sum of some have established schools, hospitals, 15,000 yen (a yen is about a half-doland theological colleges. From the lar gold). A missionary magazine, beginning the preaching of the Gospel published in roman letters in the south, has been the great aim. The mission- has just attained its semi-jubilee, and has a circulation of 1,000 copies a * There are one or two straggling Roman Ca:ho- month. "Early in January, I906, on an lie chapels and several Spanish priests on the appointed Sabbath, a census of church island. They don't trouble us much.

A BU}'FALO FIELD CART IN FORMOSA

attendance was taken in the English a clear and steady light. Many a Presbyterian Church Mission. Abso- time we are put to shame when we lutely no special preparation was made see a poor farmer giving 10 or 20 yen for it. Apart from the preachers few to the building of a new church. How knew they were being counted. The eager some are to tell the glad news actual attendance in South Formosa of salvation to friends and neighbors. in eighty-seven places of worship was How ready they are, if need be, to 12,931. The census also showed that suffer for Christ's sake and the Gos- there were 4,079 who could intelli- pel's. The quality of the Christians gently read the Bible in roman letters.* and the success which has attended The Gospel has now been brought the preaching of the Gospel in Formo- well within the reach of the Chinese sa are set forth in the pages of a book nese population.t Churches have been entitled "The Heathen Heart," which placed at almost every strategic point. a well-known Presbyterian minister in But much remains to be done. The Scotland has called "the most illumi- little groups of worshiping people nating book on missions I have ever are few in numbers, and feeble in read." It is written by Mr. Campbell strength. Thousands have never Moody, formerly missionary in inidheard the Gospel. To many who have Formosa. He is probably one of the heard once and again it is nothing most successful evangelistic mission-_ more than a strange tale. Altho in a aries of modern times. The book sense the entire field is possest, the finds little use for statistics; but one work of evangelization is only be- lays it down with the conviction that ginning. the Gospel has begun to take its re- deeming grip of Formosa. To those The progress of Christianity can interested in the progress of the Gosnot, however, be demonstrated by fig- pel not only in this island, but in all ures. These may serve a useful pur- China, I warmly commend this book. pose. But its ultimate success is assured rather by the presence of a few A great change has taken place in choice men and women, than by large the conditions of mission work since numbers of "converts." And so it is the coming of the Japanese. Forin this that we rejoice, that here and merly things were much the same as there in market towns and remote vil- they are in China to-day. To become lages there are those whose lives bear a Christian often meant the loss of unmistakable evidence of the trans- all things. Many of the older conforming power of the religion of verts suffered in this way under Chi- Jesus Christ. The patience, and nese rule. One of our pastors forcourage, and steadfastness, and zeal, sook all when a mere lad to follow and liberality of the Chinese Chris- Christ. But that day has gone past. tians, when placed against the dark No man now can seize a neighbor's background of heathenism, shine with goods just because he is a Christian. A certain measure of civil and relig- *Chinese Recorder} 1909. Article by Mr. Fergu- ious liberty has come with Japanese son. rule. The hand of the oppressor is restrained. Persecution bitter enough t No work as yet has been opened among the still prevails. But a Christian man savages. Both missions have a few stations among the half·civilized aborigines. The way, we hope, will Soon be opened up for an approach into the savage country. FOBMOSA 10 ! ! 40 .Ihl' …..il/Ylge .tlflln.'l.~ Of'CUP!I tht J!I/rr nd Eastojtlwdottt'dllM -.-.- – "

_ ,._-r.

OJ.

IN FORMOSA TO-DAY

can now call his house and his lands world's history. The extent of the his own. The Japanese do not allow Roman Empire as an open field of a man to be openly persecuted because evangelization, the diffusion of the of his religion. This new state of Greek language as a channel of genthings has brought about considerable eral communication, the dispersion of changes in the work of a missionary. the Jews, all these conditions had pre- That department of work known in pared the way for the spread of the China by the name of "cases," ending Gospel. So it would seem as if the fit sometimes in lawsuits, has entirely moment had come to press forward disappeared. Seldom do preachers in the work of evangelization her.e.

A JOURNEY BY CHAIR ALONG THE FORMOSA SEACOAST ever visit a missionary with a view to Hindrances have been removed; the obtaining his influence on the side of individual possesses a liberty he never a church-member in the settlement of had before; the preacher finds a readia case. The Japanese would not tol- ness to hear wherever he goes. erate interference for one moment. Moreover, this freedom of the indi- But while all that is so, it must be vidual, protected as he now is from admitted that this breaking up of the the bullying tactics of headmen and solidarity of the clan, and setting the influential clansmen, constitute a fresh individual free to think and act for opening for the Christian Church and himself, has not been attended with the great accessions to the church one the missionary. Ii: is a favorite might have expected to follow under such favorable conditions. No doubt thought with Paul that Christ came just at the fittest moment in the it has opened the way for some to

A COUNTRY CHURCH IN FORMOSA enter the Church. But why not mul- comes in. The house is swept and titudes? I remember how in China garnished, but who is to enter in and many a Christian said to me that if take possession? But deeper than all only this great obstacle of clan perse- this is the hindrance in the heart of cution could be removed the millen- man, which, in these days of peace nium would come almost at once. and order, as in the, wild and turbulent Multitudes would flock into the days of Chinese rule, remains the Church at the sound of the Sabbath same-alienated from God the Father bells. The reasons are not far to and His Son Jesus Christ. So that seek. New conditions have brought while we can not but acknowledge new hindrances. The devil is not go- with gratitude that present conditions ing to let us have things all our own are better than the past, and see way, even altho his nails have been therein a call to greater zeal and clipt a bit. The Japanese have effort in the time to come, the misbrought much that is good, but they sionary problem remains the same. can not in any sense be called a Christian nation. The very people who Looking out into the future we are stamp out gambling and opium-smo- not blind to the fact that there is room king with such a firm hand have for some special agencies. An Indian brought with them prostitution, wine- missionary lamented that comparadrinking, and many other evils that tively few of the more respectable and threaten more and more to become influential classes attended the preachformidable hindrances to the Church. ing of the Gospel in bazaars and other One set of vices goes out and another places of public resort. The condi- tions in Formosa are yqstly different

IN FORMOSA TO-DAY

A TOWN CHURCH IN FORMOSA from those in India. Yet we must ad- like the Y. M. C. A. Already the mit that we do need some institution American Branch has sent out one specially suited to influence the edu- man to the capital city of Taihoku, cated young men of new Formosa. where he is now teaching Japanese The estahlishment of an Anglo-J apa- boys in a government school, with the nese College for Chinese, where in a object of using his influence on the Christian atmosphere the saving truths side of Christianity. A Christian lady of Christianity might he imparted to also is employed by the Japanese to heathen lads preparing for husiness teach English in a hoys' school in the and other lines of life, has heen sug- same city. She has a large Bible gested. The usefulness of such an in- class on Sabbaths in her own ' house. stitution would largely depend on how The president of the school wished to far the Christian aim of the school interdict her as religion is not allowed was kept well to the front. The re- to be taught in the school; but she religious influence of an educational in- plied that neither he nor the Emperor stitution where Christianity is not ag- of Japan could keep her from teachgressive may be very small indeed. ing religion in her own house. Some But a well-equipped and thoroughly such work as this among educated Cllristian school of this kind is much Chinese hays is much needed. needed. Lack of funds and men precludes our mission from proceeding Vhile, however, all that has been' with such a scheme. In the larger said with regard to special agencies is cities also there is work that could he true, we feel as missionaries, called upon to continue with unabated zeal well undertaken by a.n organization the work of evangelization. That

there is need for some special agencies that the growth of the Church itself, does not at all imply that the ordinary and the urgent can for varied minismethods of evangelization are inade- tries for its organization and the fuller quate or are to be displaced. We are training of its members, sometimes very jealous of any new work that threaten to overshadow, or even to would reduce the number of men en- displace. the aggressive evangelistic gaged in the work of evangelization. effort in which all missions must be- And in this we believe we are in line gin, and in which they ought steadwith the divine will. Preach the Gos- fastly to continue, whatever be the pel, train others to preach, and go urgency of other calls." with them into the forefront of the battle, these are the words written on In conclusion, while we have cause the banner we hold aloft. The great for gratitude when we see the growth mass of the people are accessible by in numbers and liberality and Christthe divinely appointed method of likeness in many churches, the future preaching. Never was there such an is not without grounds for anxiety, opportunity for evangelistic preaching and calls for much watchfulness and as there is to-day. The foolishness prayer. Some of the older churches of preaching has proved a power unto have lost their first love. The lax obsalvation in Formosa. We believe servance of the Sabbath in Japan is that God meant to bless it more and beginning to affect the Chinese church more. With all our heart do we en- in Formosa. Traveling on the Lord's dorse the words of a leading mission- Day, involving much labor, and deary in China: "The time has by no priving many of their rightful and means gone by for the old elementary divinely appointed rest, is becoming evangelistic work, by which the first too common. It behooves us, howknowledge of the truth of the Gospel ever, not to lose heart, but to gird on is brought within the reach of those the armor of the Lord that we may outside. The opportunities for evan- meet the enemy, and repulse him, and gelistic work widen with the Church's enthrone Jesus Christ as King, unto growth, but it must be acknowledged whom shall be all the Glory, even unto the ends of the earth.

A MODERN MIRACLE IN CHINA BY SHERWOOD EDDY UR trip through the caped, but among all those we met none had so marvelous an escape, mO Province of Shansi has none more thrilling adventures, and taken us along the none were more heroic than Mr. and path of the Boxer up- Mrs. Green and Miss Gregg, whom ~ rising to the scenes of we saw in Shansi. The story can best the terrible massacres be told in Mr. Green's own words, as in China, and has brought us in touch we heard it from his lips. with many of the heroes of those days. Few missionaries in Shansi es- "It was very soon after our return

A MODERN MIRACLE IN CHINA

to Hwuy-luh on April 1st that increas- presence there should become known. ing rumors of trouble with the society About midnight our cook came with known as "The Boxers" in the district two inquirers and the news that our north of Pao-ting-fu reached us, and home had been looted by the rabble by the middle of May things seemed that day, and we were now practically to be getting really serious. The con- homeless. By Monday, the 19th, the tinued drought 1ll the province caused report that we were living on Lotusmuch unrest among the people, and flower Mountain had reached the vilno doubt tended to accelerate and lage near-by. There was quickly an strengthen the anti-foreign movement. uproar. After quietly assuring them The anti-foreign party, taking advan- that we would go, they left us, and tage of this, issued broadcast inflam- we were face to face with the fact matory placards, with various inju- that go we must; but where? We rious accusations, saying there would were all trying to choke down some be no rain until all foreigners were food when the keeper himself arrived. exterminated. He said, "Don't be afraid, I have an- other place for you; it is a natural On Monday, July 2d, our little cave high up on the face of the mounhousehold were at prayer when a mes- tain." The last two hundred feet was senger I had sent returned with a re- a steep, trackless climb. Soon we ply from the telegraph clerk saying were all sitting breathless in His own that all the mission premises in Pao- "Cleft in the Rock." On inspecting ting-fu had been destroyed the pre- our home we found how damp it was, vious day, all the foreigners killed, only one small place on the ground, and that many natives, both Protes- about five feet by three, really dry, tants and Catholics, had perished. We and here we spread our bedding. We began to consider the advisability of were hidden alike from friend or foe. seeking a place of retreat where we This was the first of our wonderful decould hide until the terrible Governor liverances from death, for they cerof Shansi and his followers, had tainly would have killed us had we passed through. A temple-keeper, fallen into their hands. The two having a few days previously volun- days spent in this cave were truly a tarily offered us a room in his temple trial to our faith. We all felt chilled on the mountain near-by, we sent a to the bone, and our food supply was man to see the place and make ar- very meager; in fact by mid-day on rangements for our going. We had Wednesday we had very little left, prayer with the Christians, commend- but the God who sent the ravens to ing each other to our loving Heavenly Elijah sent us a feast of unleavened Father, and just about midnight we, cakes and cucumbers, by the hand of carrying the sleeping children, with a man who had been at one time in our one servant attending, set off for our employ. With thankfulness too deep three-mile walk and mountain climb. for words we welcomed our relief It was just beginning to show signs of party, who, with us, could hardly keep dawn when we reached the gateway back the tears of emotion and joy. of our retreat, tired and sick at heart. The people searched for us aU day in It was one long strain all the next day every nook and cave they could find. to keep the children quiet, in case our

A party of the Boxers also tried to As I did so I saw through the open find us, but failed. Not daring to pro- door several Boxers run across the long our stay in this damp cave, we courtyard, and heard one shout, "All moved the next night to a place of get outside and on to the roo£." The hiding in a neighboring farmhouse. blood was now streaming down my face, but clear-ing my eyes with my From time to time we heard of dif- handkerchief I saw one of them on rerent mission stations being destroy- the roof opposite just firing at me. It ed. Sickness, too, came to test us. was an old flint-lock and only flashed Miss Gregg had a very serious attack in the pan. Then two others appeared of dysentery, which lasted about a farther along the roof, armed with week. My dear wife passed through guns, and sought to aim at me three weeks of great suffering with through the doorways and windows abscesses in her ear, while I myself as I staggered from room to room, was troubled with neuralgia and indi- scarcely knowing what I was doing gestion nearly the whole time. -I think I was looking for a way of With the third week of our stay at escape. I made my way back to the the farm it began to be whispered cave, and said to my wife, "They have about in the villages that we were shot me in the head; it is certain death there. On Thursd<ty morning, Au- for us, and only a matter of time now. gust 10th, when warning was given We are not worthy, but He is worthy." that several men were approach- After briefly committing each other ing, we quickly hid ourselves in a to our Faithful Creator, we made our cave, while the women covered the way through to the kitchen. Not a entrance with some household chat- soul could be seen through the open tels. Soon the tramping of many doorway, but as I stept on the threshfeet, and loud altercations could be old I saw a man on each side against heard; for the Boxers had arrived. the wall with huge, ghastly swords We thought of the dear children, uplifted. Stepping back for a moment whose piteous cries of "Will they kill to tell the ladies to be prepared, I us?" "Are they going to kill us now?" walked out with one of the children pierced deeper than any Boxer's in my arms, the ladies following with knife. AIe told them that very soon the other child. Ve were immediately we would be with Jesus. seized and those great knives bran- dished over our heads. Having se- I was led to go out and plead with cured all that was now left of our those men for the lives of the ladies clothing, bedding, etc., they proceeded and the little ones. Groping my way to search our persons, even to the tearalong the passage, I stooped and ing off of my wife's wedding ring and lifted the curtain which covered the spectacles. The villagers had turned hole, and was just creeping through out en masse on the surrounding hills when one of them fired at me. By and saw us led away, each overshadthe dull heavy thud on my head I owed by a couple of those awful knew I was wounded, and was con- knives, while those with firearms scious of falling through the entrance, walked in the rear. There was real then rising to my feet I seemed to sympathy on the faces of many in spin round two or three times, and leaned against the wall for support.

A MODERN MIRACLE IN

the enormous crowd lining the streets I was. A shake-down was made for as we passed along, and among them us on the floor of the prison room. the tear-stained face of our serving The officials, headman and others with woman, to whom Miss Gregg called him, were moved to pity to see little out as we passed, "We are not afraid; John, as soon as the bed was spread, God is with us." get down from my knee, crawl along on it, stretch himself out full length We were first shut up in our own and immediately fall fast asleep. There home, and when the Mandarin official was a prisoner in the cage at one end arrived we were handed over to him of the room, and five or six men slept and lodged in a small temple within on the brick bed at the other, but we the Yamen precincts. The relief of were too far gone to care for these finding ourselves really out of the things, and lying Gown all in a row hands of the Boxers, and the deep were soon fast asleep, for neither the thankfulness of our hearts to God for ladies nor I had slept for four days. this second deliverance from death, About 9 A.M. we left the Yamen to were very great. On examining. my go on to Pao-ting-fu by cart, thirty wound we found it was a full charge miles more of awful jolting over bad of No. I shot I had received, and roads. Arriving there we were taken that owing to my peculiar stooping straight to the district Yamen. position at the time, my head, shoul- Alighting from the cart, almost beders, arms, face and back had all fore I was aware of what was haptaken their share. As blood, hair and pening, we were separated, the ladies clothing were now firmly clotted we and children being taken to the womdecided to leave it so till I could get en's lock-up, and I was marched off proper surgical treatment. I suffered to the men's common prison. I found terribly that night, which we spent on myself in a filthy yard, with some some reed mats spread on the damp twenty prisoners in various stages of floor of the temple. We were out dirt and wretchedness. Spreading my very soon after daylight, and by seven coverlet on the damp ground, I lay o'clock we had left the city. On down and cried; not for the ignominy arriving at an inn I thankfully lay heaped upon us, but the thought of down to rest, but alas ! not for long. being separated from my dear wife Ve were soon to be undeceived, for and children at this time was unbeara man from the Yamen came to say able. Some one sent to fetch me back that another cart was waiting in the to the cart. The ladies and children yard to take us on the next stage of were already there. Soon a fast inour journey to Pao-ting-fu. It was creasing and excited crowd was surcertain death to send us to Pao-ting- ging about the cart. Several of the fu, where the foreigners had already city Boxers appeared with their guns been killed, but he declared that go and great s'vvords, and took up their on we must, practically without a position around us. I overheard the rest day or night for forty hours. spokesman of our Boxer party say, God most certainly gave the strength "There will be trouble here very and grace, or no ladies could have shortly." To that man, under God, taken such a journey; to say nothing we undoubtedly owe our Iiv~s on thisl Qf th~ chi1dr~n and o~~ wou~ded qS

the third wonderful deliverance from is held by Boxers at several points on death. He had gone to the mandarin the way down, and it would be cerand pleaded for us, showing him that tain death for ourselves as well as for we would certainly be killed as soon you, to attempt to get through. Our as we got out of the city. After an orders from the Governor were to interview with the mandarin, he gave bring you down the river so far and orders that a room in the women's to kill you and put you out of the lock-up should be cleared for us. And way." As he spoke he pointed to his now taking this, the first opportunity big, ugly knife, which I had seen him since I was shot, my wife and Miss sharpening since we left Pao-ting-fu. Gregg set about cleaning my wounds Apparently our little girl's kindness and to see what could be done to re- had touched his heart on the journey, move some of the pellets. With the and he had determined to spare us. aid of a broken-pointed penknife and He went on to say, "We don't intend a needle, five or six were extracted. to commit such a sin. We have no quarrel with you, but you must leave The Plol of the Boxers the boat now and make the best of it for yourselves." Protest was useless; The next day, August 15th, one of we were simply stunned and moved the Yamen men came to say that ar- on as if in a dream. Gathering torangements had been made to take gether our few belongings, we took us on to Tientsin by boat, and that the children in our anTIS and went we were starting that clay. Twelve ashore. Tears came into the eyes of runners went before the carts, while the spokesman when on stepping from several Boxers. with drawn swords the boat, with John in my arms, I also acted as escorts. Arriving at the turned and, putting my hands toriver side, we were soon on the boat. gether in Chinese fashion, thanked The plan undoubtedly was to kill us, him. Getting quickly over the bank, and I saw a pile of cash placed on the we were soon out of sight among the boat, which apparently was the blood reeds and thick undergrowth, without money paid to the Boxers for killing having been seen by anyone. Maus at a distance down the river. Soon king sure to be completely hidden after sunrise we were passing a walled from' anyone who might be passing city thirty miles from Pao-ting-iu. A along the bank, we spread out our little later the boat stopt and was bedding and sat down to think and moored to the bank. Saying some- pray. Slowly one began to realize thing which I did not quite under- that for the fourth time our God had stand, the spokesman and the leader delivered us from a cruel death. went ashore together. My wife cried, "Oh, Charlie, something is wrong. Do What a day that was! Most of it ask the other men what it is." I spoke was spent in prayer. At every sound to one of them, but he only wrung of footsteps on the bank we held our his hands and cried, "This is terrible, breath. About the middle of the afterterrible!" Then the two men returned noon we heard the tramping of many and the leader said, "It is all a lie feet and voices along the bank, and about you being taken to Tientsin. knew it was a band of Boxers looking for us by their shouts and shooting off It is impossible to g-et there; the river

A MODERN MIRACLE IN CHINA

guns into the reeds; in about half an and bound hand and foot, they using hour they returned and all was quiet their feet as much as their hands to again. We were terribly bitten by get our arms and legs into position, mosquitoes, and all day the children tho we were quite passive. Then I were pleading for something to drink; suddenly missed the cries of the chilwe, too, suffered much from thirst. dren, and was glad the lambs had When it was quite dark we went to "gone before," and were spared more the river and quenched our thirst. A of these terrible sights. Miss Gregg heavy thunder-storm came up. Cov- was hauled by the hair into a kneeling ering the children as much as possible position, and her head prest down on with the bedding we sat through that a stone. One cried, "Who'll strike?" miserable two hours, all very soon wet but other voices overruling said, "No, to the skin and chilled to the bone. take them all to headquarters first." Half a mile to the west was a city, As we lay there bound in the mud, and we decided to make our way one and another struck us heavily there. About half-way we came to a again and again with the backs of their cottage, and, seeing a light in the win- swords or the handles of spears. As dow, I said, "Let us ask them to help blow after blow fell upon Miss Gregg us." We were invited into the house 110 sound escaped her lips, only a long, and were soon fast asleep. deep sigh. I could not see nor hear my dear wife, who had been dragged Suddenly we were startled by an un- some distance away. Word was given earthly sound in the yard outside; it to carry us off. The handles of two seemed a combination of a hiss and a spears were put through my left arm, growl. With a slash of a drawn a man each taking an end on their sword the reed curtain at the door was shoulders, and I was taken off hangdashed down, and we were again face ing between them by one arm, with to face with a crowd of fierce Boxers. hands tied to my feet behind me. It "Betrayed 1" was the first thought that was only about a quarter of a mile flashed through one's mind. The next to the temple building they used as moment all was confusion. I was headquarters. I should have fainted seized by the hair and dragged to the with the excruciating pain had it been ground, and was conscious of blow much farther. On entering, my face after blow on different parts of my struck heavily against a large earthenbody, and then being trampled on by ware water-tank, and the next minute many feet as others rushed over me to I was thrown down on the wet ground seize my wife and Miss Gregg. I re- of the courtyard. member a pang as I heard the heartrending shrieks of the children, then Escape from Death a sweet calm filled my soul as I committed myself to God. Comparing Hearing the dear children cry, I notes afterward, we have each been then knew they had not been killed as able to testify that this was the calmest moment in our live>, never doubting I supposed. My wife and Miss Gregg for a moment that we should immediately be killed. Now we were drag- were carried in a similar way, the forged outside, thrown down in the mud mer suspended by both hands and feet, the latter by one arm and one leg. Little John was tied hands and

feet, while Vera, with hands tied be- self in the midst of a room full of hind her, was made to walk, having respectable tradesmen and scholars. her feet bound when they got there. These were the civil members of the Now all had arrived, and there was company of the Boxers whose milimuch rejoicing and mutual congrat- tary people captured us. The Govulations that these "Devils" had been ernor had been very angry when he captured. Presently a tall young man heard that we had been let go alive. arrived, who, by his authoritative The civil being a much stronger body voice, I soon knew was recognized as than the military party, had overleader. He came and put a brick ruled any other wish there may have under my head for a pillow, and spoke been, and determined to protect us in encouragingly to me, telling me if I their own interests, and send us down had anything to say not to be afraid to Tientsin when the way was clear. to say it. I requested that if they in- Thus, for the sixth time our lives tended to kill us, they would do it were preserved, tho we were guarded quickly, and not let us go through any night and day by some, at least, who unnecessary suffering. They lifted me would have killed us had they had up and gave me a stool to sit upon, their own way. One day early in the that I might be better able to talk to afternoon our guard were all having them. I was soon, however, too faint a nap, and one solitary sightseer was to sit up, and was glad to be laid peering through at the foreigners. again on the wet ground, now so near Presently a little crumpled tuft of the others that we were able to whis- paper was dropt through on the per to each other, "For Jesus' sake!" floor. I took it up, opened it out, and Vera, too, seemed to understand, and found within, in a good bold hand, in her turn, sought to comfort her these words: "Don't be afraid, for mother by kisses and saying, "Poor Chinese robbers nearly all have been mother! Poor mother!" Just before killed by both Chinese and foreign daybreak we were carried through soldiers. Peking and Tientsin belong into the main temple building. A to Europeans. Now I will go to Tientguard of five or six men was left in sin and tell your armies to protect charge, the remainder being dispersed, you. You may tear it into pieces understanding that our case was to be when you have seen." Looking up I decided in the morning. Thus for the motioned my thanks, and my unknown fifth time we found ourselves deliv- friend left hurriedly. On Monday, ered from death. Many hundreds of September 3d, a company of Boxers Boxers visited us from all the country visited the place, and we noticed that round, carrying their ghastly weapons their attitude toward us was more unand thirsting for our blood. The heat, friendly than usual; one thrust the and myriads of flies, too, were an ad- muzzle of his gun into my wife's face, ditional trial; while at night the mos- and said something to the effect that quitoes, vermin, and rats were terri- "they were going to begin business ble, so that with the hard, uncomfort- to-day." The whole town and neighable bed, and our aching bodies, sleep borhood were in an uproar about us. was out of the question. Later we learned what a difficult mat- ter it had been to keep off the attack- On the Saturday night I found my-

A MODERN MIRACLE IN CHINA

ing party of Boxers, while the civil the outside world for four months, is department held a monster meeting pinned up on the wall, that we may in the city attended by some five hun- constantly refresh ourselves by read- dred tradesmen and gentry, and by ing it,"

good words, apologies, and promises, Here ended Mr. Green's story.

they had succeeded in preventing an Hope was now in sight. But it was attack upon us. Sick, ill, tired, cold, soon to be dashed to the ground. Ow- hungry, and uncertain, the black pall ing to long and terrible exposure dur- of despair was settling down upon my ing the imprisonment at Pao-ting-fu, soul as evening came on. With tears where Horace Pitkin and the others I implored my wife and Miss Gregg were killed, his little daughter, Vera, to pray for me, when suddenly there was taken ill with dysentery, and final- was quiet and music in my heart. ly died on October 10th, after about Later I was invited across to the ten days' illness. It came as a final meeting room, and told that we were crash to the long exile. After' the to leave that evening by boat for Pao- death of his little girl, Mr. Green was ting-fu. It seemed like going to cer- completely broken down and was not tain death again until we learned that able to be moved. Finally, however, the English consul had demanded our on an ambulance he was taken into the protection and safe escort to Tientsin. French camp, and thence under the It was our God who had enabled the British flag. Utterly broken in health people to restrain that horde of Box- the family returned to England, but ers, and just in the nick of time to after a short year of recuperation open the way for our removal from bravely set their faces again toward the place. This I record with deep, China. Back to the same spot where wonder, love and praise, as the he had been betrayed, back to the seventh deliverance from death that same town where in the gate he had He has wrought on our behalf, and been sold for thirty pieces of silver, these seven escapes have al! been as the price put upon his head, back from definite and seen dangers. to the people who had sought his life, We rise now in the scale rapidly; he returned to live out the love of the extra bedding is bought for us and Cross, and fill up that which was lack- I am allowed to have a shave, the ing of the affliction of Christ for His mandarin's own barber being sent for boely's sake. With shining face he the purpose. Thus by rapid strides told us that the Church had multiplied we are transformed from outcasts and. more than tenfold sil~ce the Boxer prisoners into honored guests. About days. And the best is yet to be! All a week after our "promotion," 1 am over China the blood of the martyrs is again given leave to telegraph to proving the seed of the Church. More Shanghai news of our safety, at the converts have been gathered in the 'judge's expense, altho somewhat re- ten years since the uprising than in all stricted as to what I shall say. In the previous ninety years of Christian about six days a reply comes, "Halle- effort. A great price has' been paid.

lujah! Have wired news home. Wait The sacrifice will yet bear fruit.

instructions from Tientsin or Peking." "Worthy is the Lamb that was slain, This, our first communication from to receive-riches!"

AND COOPERATION IN

BY REV. HENRY T. HODGKIN, LONDON, ENGLAND Secretary of the Friends' Foreign Missionary Association gEjVERY one who follows to learn from the experience of those missionary thought, in other and older fields. Unable to even from afar, knows effectively cooperate with organiza- that great advance has tions covering the whole country on been made in regard to account of their geographical isolation the question of unity they have the more earnestly sought to and cooperation during recent years. cooperate with one another. What The thought comes home with peculiar might have been their weakness has, force in reading the report of the in a large measure been turned into Eighth Commission of the World Mis- their strength; and it may even be sionary Conference. Even since that that some of the older fields may be gathering further steps have been able to glean something from the extaken in several fields and at home. perience in this. The movement gathers force with every year. Conditions on the field are Occupying, then, this great West so urgent and problems so vast that we China field are the following missionmust stand together in facing them. ary societies: The new nationalistic spirit in some of the great Eastern nations has added Church Missionary Society. force to the movement. From home China Inland Mission. some additional pressure is now Canadian Methodist Mission. brought to bear, especially because of Friends' Foreign Mission (England). the success of such interdenomination- American Baptist Missionary Union. al movements as the Young Men's and London Missionary Society (until Women's Christian Associations, the Christian Endeavor Movement, the lately). Laymen's Missionary Movement, the Methodist Episcopal Mission. Young People's Missionary Move- United Methodist Mission. ment, and so forth. Foreign Christian Missionary Society.

In the present paper I purpose to Vvith three Bible societies and the deal mainly with what is being ac- Y. M. C. A. complished in one restricted area, not so much because it is a record of good The West China Missions Advisory work done, as because it is typical of Board is the body around which the similar movements elsewhere and an various movements toward closer felindication of the lines on which prog- lowship in Christian work have ress is being, and can be, made with grouped themselves, and with which great advantage. most are to some extent related. The Board was created by the first West vVest China is a compact field, cut China Conference held in Chungking off, to a large extent, from the rest twelve years ago, and, tho gaining its of the empire. It has been compelled authority in the first place from that to face its own problems, and it has body, it has now become the joint done so the more easily because the standing committee of all the missions missionaries have made it their aim in West China with one duly ac- credited representative of each upon it. Its functions are, in the first place, purely advisory, tho it is able to take on executive duties, as these are entrusted to it by the missions. Thus, it must always reserve to itself the for example, it publishes a monthly choice as to whether or not it shall paper for interchange of opinion and act upon the advice given in any parnews among missionaries in West ticular case. At the same time the China. A Chinese monthly is also missions in West China have come to published for use among the Chris- recognize the wisdom of taking, tians in our various churches. These wherever possible, the advice given by papers are truly interdenominational such a body. Without doubt, its adand serve a most useful purpose in vice has, generally speaking, compromoting the spirit of unity among mended itself to missionaries and all who follow Christ in this district. proved to be of great value in de- CHURCH UNION COMMITTEE APPOINTED BY WEST CHINA CONFERENCE The Advisory Board also assumed ex- veloping the work on sound lines. It ecutive functions in summoning the has been held to be a strong point in second West China Conference, and the constitution of the Board that misthus carried out the exprest wish of sions are not represented according mlsslOnaries. In the main, however, to their numerical strength. There is as in original intention, the Board thus no outvoting of the weak by the resolutions carry only such weight as strong, but rather the patient listenthey owe to their intrinsic value. The ing to all that is to be said from every missions are not prepared to be bound point of view, and then the determined by the decisions of such a body. Each effort to discover what line of action feels that it has rights and duties will most accord with the advancement which may not be sufficiently recog- of the Kingdom of God. In recognized by the other missions, and that nizing this as the aim common to all

there is a true unity in the work done. include all such in the Union's scope. Among the subjects discust, one of These schools are graded on the same the most important is the division of lines as the government ones; a comthe field "with a view to the speedier mon course of study has been drawn and more effective occupation of the up which is as nearly as possible idenwhole." Matters of occupation of tical with the government course: textcertain centers or districts are freely books are recommended for the vahandled even where wide divergence rious courses; joint examinations are of opinion exists. At its last meeting held, the passing of which entitles to a committee was appointed "to re- the Union's certificates; the appointconsider the effective occupation of ment of an educational secretary or Nest China as a mission field and the inspector will probably have taken efficient organization and coordination place before this paper appears in of the forces at work there." Thus print. Another valuable result of the something is being done toward fac- Union has been the holding of annual ing the field as a whole, and not simply educational conferences, which are from the point of view of each sep- found to be helpful in coordinating arate organization and its particular the work, exchanging experience and district. formulating plans for its extension.

In addition to this the Advisory Actual union has been achieved in Board has helped to bind the missions certain specific educational enterprises. together in common effort toward the A Union Middle School in Chengtu suppressions of such of the social evils has been a conspicuous success; union as opium-smoking and foot-binding. normal training, both at the capital Schemes have been inaugurated for and in special normal schools, has for united efforts toward evangeliza- proved its value; and a university has tion and spiritual revival. Minor dif- been formed by the Union Of four ficulties in reference to colportage and missions. Difficulties have, of course, other matters have been adjusted. appeared in connection with these Statistics have been collected for the movements. They have, however, whole field upon a uniform basis. The been overcome in a spirit of mutual above illustrations will be enough to forbearance and good will, and all show the many-sidedness of its activ- who have participated in the work ities, and the large possibilities for have become enthusiastic believers in usefulness that lie before a Board of the advantages and possibilities of a this character. union of this kind. Already plans are being laid for the application of the Altho not an integral part of its principle in other directions, but it is work, the West China Educational too soon to speak of these in detail. Union reports annually to the Advis- Among the practical results achieved oryBoard, and is thus linked with have been a general improvement in other cooperative effort. This union the character of the work done in the has been in existence for only six or schools, a greater confidence in our seven years, but it has already a good work on the part of the scholars and record of solid work done. The parents, and a fuller understanding of majority of mission schools in the each other's methods and ideals. The area are registered, and the aim is to

1912J UNITY AND COOPERATION IN PRACTISE

latest report to hand shows over one found possible. There are other dihundred schools in the Union, with a rections in which one mission has total of nearly 3,000 scholars. undertaken a piece of work which is carried on in the interests of all, dupli- Four years ago a conference was cation of effort being thus avoided. held in Chengtu at which the problem This has been the case with the Misof church union was freely discust sion Press and Language School of and a committee set up with the ob- the Canadian Methodist Mission, and ject of working toward the ideal which the school for the children of missionthe conference adopted-one Protes- aries started by the Friends' Mission tant Christian Church in West China. and now undertaken by the Canadians. The committee has worked on steadily, The West China Tract Society is an and recently issued a report of its first interdenominational organization of three years' work. This document great value; in one case, at least, a presents a proposed declaration of measure of cooperation in medical faith, proposed conditions of church- work has been attained; a Union membership and a scheme of organi- hymn-book has been published, and zation for a united Church. "In pre- the terms used for Christian places of paring the scheme of polity herein worship, etc., have been agreed upon presented," says the report, "it seemed m common. to the committee that the only principle which would make a union pos- What I chiefly wish, in presenting sible would be to recognize each the these facts, is to indicate how large is validity of the practises and methods the field for cooperation, and even for of the other, . . . the time has not definite united action. Reports conyet arrived when unanimity regarding tinue to reach me of other fields in methods of government or organiza- which progress is being made. The tion can be secured." The report is Educational ·Conference held last May submitted to the missions in order at Beirut appointed a Continuation that they may take action thereon at Committee to formulate a scheme for their annual meetings this winter. The an Educational Association for Syria Church Union Committee has also and Palestine. The Jubbulpore Conpublished a tract on Christian Unity ference on the Federation of Christian which is being widely circulated among Churches in India, held in August, the Chinese churches. It is believed agreed upon a basis for, and printhat there is a general readiness among ciples to guide in the formation of, the leaders of these churches to move such a federation. At home the work forward toward a larger measure of which is being done as a result of the united action. In the meantime a res- World Missionary Conference marks olution in favor of interchange of definite advance toward cooperation, members passed at the conference in as is evidenced by the formation of 1908 has been largely acted upon and interdenominational boards of study is also preparing the way. both in England and America. Other cases could easily be cited to show Space forbids the fuller statement that even the Edinburgh Report is by of these questions, or indeed a detailed no means the high-water mark ih coreference to all the departments in operation and unity. In everyone which a measure of union has been

of these cases great difficulties have the questions, and still more in carhad to be faced. At times they have rying out our plans together, is of seemed to be insurmountable. But the utmost value in leading to a better by prayer and patience a way has been understanding and mutual appreciafound and one can now look back tion, and thus clearing the way for with deep thankfulness to God, and further steps to be taken. record an advance which could hardly have been dreamed of ten or fifteen 3. The fundamental unities must years ago. be forever uppermost in our thoughts. It is IN CHRIST that we are one. Three points strike me as worthy As we own a common allegiance to of special note, having been imprest Him as Lord and Master and the one upon my own mind in watching, and sufficient Savior of mankind; as all in some cases helping to promote, lesser aims are subordinated to the these and other similar movements. supreme object of making Him King; as we remember that "now abideth 1. Progress should not be forced. faith, hope, love, and the greatest of If there is to be real union and co- these is love"-we shall be led into operation we must be content some- a position in which we find the joy times to go the pace of the slowest, of recognizing each other as coand we must ever be careful not to workers with God and severally memgo faster than the Holy Spirit leads. bers one of another in our Lord Jesus Christ. 2. The close personal touch which comes even through the discussion of CHRISTIAN COMMON SENSE AND COOPERATION BY H. K. CARROLL, LL.D., NE.W YORK Secretary of the Ecumenical Methodist Commissicn HE measure of coo.pera- relate to method, organization, etc. The approach of missionaries of dif- ItTJ~ tion and federation ferent boards is not due so much to which shall obtain in changed conditions in the heathen foreign mission fields world as to change in sentiment, obviously depends upon brought about by better knowledge of ~ the attitude of the mis- what each believes and seeks to acsions and their home boards. Denomi- complish. The Methodist, the Presnational pride and denominational loy- byterian, the Baptist and the Episalty are not so assertive as they used copalian get closer together in the to be. Intimate contact in the field has mission field than at home, because of shown men of different faiths that their their isolation and need of sympathy differences are not fundamental, that and encouragement. Occasion for the Gospel they preach is one and the jealousies and rivalries, for attack and same, that the seal of the Holy Spirit defense, seldom arises where' every is not set exclusively upon converts man is beleaguered, so to speak, by of any particular denomination or de- multitudes of diverse race, tongue, nominations, and that the things in thought, religion, custom, and habit of which they differ are chiefly such as

COMMON SENSE AND COOPERATION

life. It is human instinct for those binds missionaries, "whate'er their in similar condition to draw together name or sign," in a common brother- for mutual support and encourage- hood. The smallness of their number, ment, and it is the sense of real Chris- their isolation, the pressing upon them tian brotherhood which unites mis- of the unfriendly, unhappy multitude, sionaries surrounded by opposmg the vastness of their task, the critical heathen. character of the emergency, the danger Half of the differences between of losing most favorable opportunities Christian denominations are due to by delay, the inadequacy of their incorrect or insufficient information. forces, means and equipment-mo- The more they intermingle the better mentous questions such as these com- they know and the more they appre- pel them to reach out for brotherly ciate one another. The most ludicrous hands and to lean upon one another.

conception of Methodism I ever saw Common sense asserts itself where in print was written by a Lutheran common brotherhood prevails, and di- who drew the materials for his de- rects in dealing with the practical scription, not from association with problems which arise. Here are dif- living Methodists, but from the bones, ferent missions in the same community so to speak, of the Methodist discip- or province. Is it best that they all line. The living disciple is the best in- seek the same street or neighborhoods?

terpretation a denomination can have. Common sense says, No. No mission No sensible person can wish to break crowds its own stations together; why down denominational loyalty; but de- should any crowcl its stations upon nominational loyalty is not served by those of other missions? Divide the discrediting other denominations. territory of the city or the province The change of conditions in the mis- with .other missions, and if there is sion field has been almost revolution- not room for all let the latest comer ary in extent. Countries once closed go into another province not ade- are now open; peoples once solidly quately occupied. This triumph of arrayed against foreign influences are common sense we call interdenomina- now either friendly to them or anxious tional comity. Not to observe it is to to study them; nations once satisfied be guilty of disloyalty to the cause of with their own national, commercial Christ. To establish it as a principle and educational methods, now know is to settle harmoniously a thousand that they are outworn and insufficient; questions, prevent rivalry and strife millions once committed heart and and much wicked waste.

soul to idolatrous religions are now Interdenominational comity involves ready to hear what can be said for mutual recognition of mutual rights Christianity. Everywhere the mis- and privileges. Native members mov- sionary is invited to enter open doors, ing from one place to another where and he is like a man suddenly over- their own particular mission has no whelmed by an avalanche of snow; stations will be welcomed into rela- he needs help to dig his way out. tions with other denominations. Un- Common Christian feeling, growing worthy members expelled from one out of devotion to a common Lord, a mission will not be received into an- common faith and a common cause, other. One mission obviously may not

seek to win influential preachers and several kinds of Presbyterians, Methmembers from another mission. Pros- odists, etc., in India, China, and elytism, unlovely everywhere, is pe- Korea; and some have gone so far as culiarly hateful in the foreign field. to say that none of the divisions of Protestantism need to be perpetuated, Interdenominational comity leads to but that one undivided Christian the recognition of another principle exprest by unity of effort, cooperation, Church is possible and desirable in federation, union, or whatever you choose to call it, and common sense Asia and Africa. strongly supports it. In immense Therefore, cooperation is the order fields of work, like those of China, India and Africa, denominational mis- of the day, and strong, well-manned sions, more or less isolated, are over- schools of learning in China, Japan, whelmed by the opportunities pre- Korea and elsewhere attest the wissented. They find that schools, col- dom of combination. leges, universities, hospitals, publishing and industrial plants, hostels, and For one, while my love and loyalty the like are necessary, and that for for my denomination are almost unthese institutions more money is re- limited, I would not say a word or do quired than each separately can com- a thing to prevent such an outcome. mand. What is to be done? Confine I love my own Church as I love my the work to preaching, establish little own country, and live in it and work beginnings and increase them as in- in it because I like its spirit and crease of appropriations permit; or methods and organization; but I would combine with other missions to build no more think of imposing it, with up strong, well-equipped institutions its name, constitution and discipline in the centers? upon Korea than I would insist that the new government of China should To ask the question is to answer it. be that of the United States. I wel- There is no denominational peculiarity come, therefore, denominational comin the teaching of the ordinary ity everywhere-at home and abroad. branches of education; or in the Breaches of it· ought not to be depractise in the medical and surgical fended anywhere. I welcome as large departments of a hospital; or in a measure of cooperation, federation, the teaching of industries, or in the union, as can be secured without ungreat body of Christian literature. due pressure. I am not imprest with Methodists, Baptists, Presbyterians, the necessity of uniformity, and do not Lutherans, Episcopalians have their believe any particular polity or order own peculiarities of belief, of or- is of divine requirement. Unity of ganization, of discipline and of meth- faith, fellowship, purpose and feeling od in religious work; but they do is possible and desirable. Form of govnot develop any points of difference ernment, methods, etc., are matters of in mathematics, in grammar, in astron- preference, growing largely out of omy, or science. Moreover, they gen- training, and I see no reason why any erally agree that their own divisions great difficulty should confront the must not be perpetuated in the Native newer Christian Churches of the East, (hur<;h. That is, there ou~ht not to be when they receive their autonomy, in becoming congregational, episcopal or presbyterhm,

RIPOLI' like the rest of call them "the 1110st infidel of all

infidels." mT North Africa, was once a Christian land. So The native population, especially in history tells us, and so the towns and oases along the coast the remains of Chris- from Tripoli to Bengazi, is of very .. ~ tian churches in the mixed blood. Many trace their descent from Algerian, Tunisian, Albanian country and Christian customs and and Anatolian ancestors, who settled there during the last two centuries. symbols among the people to this day Many others claim to be descended from the Arabian conquerors. There testify. It is the last of the Barbary is no doubt some truth in this, for the blood of those warriors of Islam States to be invaded by the descend- must be very widely distributed among the Moslems of the littoral ants or heriters of those over whom by intermarriage. It is this belief that is so influential in keeping up the forces of religio-political system any real fanaticism there is in this part of the population. of Islam triumphed nearly thirteen The population of the mountain centuries ago. range, forty to seventy miles to the south, are mostly pure Berbers. Many Tha very extensive in area, the of these tribes speak the Chillah lan- guage as well as Arabic, and tho population is very small; vast stretches Moslems, belong to a heretical sect. They have been considered very faof country being pure desert and un- natical. But that in them which has been so called, by superficial observinhabitable. A million and a quarter is considered an outside estimate. It is the boast of this land that it does not contain a single native Christian -so complete was the triumph of Islam over the decadent Christian church. There are several thousand Jews whose ancestors settled there about 2,000 years ago. Islam was powerless to convert these Jews, and for that reason the Mo~lems to-day

ers, is not religious fanaticism so the street, if a mosque be within much as a fierce spirit of clannish- reasonable distance. Sometimes they ness that has been engendered by the will say : "We are very poor people, exigencies of their history. They look but there is one thing we have more with suspicion and hostility upon all of than other people-we have mointruders into their territory, whether desty." Europeans or orthodox Moslems. In character they are confessedly much Tripoli City is full of mosques, superior to the latter. small and great, but only very few of them have anything like a good South of the mountains the popu- congregation, except at mid-day. lation is very sparse and has a strong The moral condition of orthodox A MARKET SCENE IN TRIPOLI, NORTH AFRICA strain of Sudanese blood. Speaking Moslems is very low, indeed. Rom. generally, these also are .of higher I: 29-32 is hardly an exaggerated demoral character than their orthodox scription of the moral character of brethren of the North. They are re- the maj ority. Yet, in justice, it must ligious, but not fanatical; indeed, be admitted that while through their they are the mildest of people. faith they are farther away from God , The population of the whole of the than the heathen of India, they have Vilayet may be said to be very re- not descended to the same depths of ligious. Yet in and around Tripoli immorality. With them, as with City the traveler looks in vain to see Christians, religion is connected with men stop their work at the call of moral conduct. And yet they think the Muezzin, take out their prayer it no hypocrisy for a man to be very carpets, and fall down in the street diligent in the observance of his reto perform their prayers. They are ligious duties, and at the same time not as ostentatious as many, and it utterly corrupt in his public and priis regarded as Pharisaic to pray in vate life. The writer knew a bash

PLIGHT OF TRIPOLI

AN OASIS IN TRIPOLI funds to pay for the papers and the signatures of the officials concerned. mufti, the religious chief of the Vi- A divorce costs from one dollar uplayet, who bore a most infamous ward, according to the position of the character and died a horrible death. applicant. The people felt some shame over it, but did not think that his conduct Purity of speech is unknown in the seriously unfitted him for his high homes. The language of both sexes office. Even the imams in general of all ages is full of impurity, and are corrupt in financial matters, when references that are demoralizing to they have no other serious fault. The hear and much more to think of. In city is very vile, but the natives the streets the language is appalling, claim that the country was immune and even the most highly placed will, from unnatural vice till it was intro- if provoked, demean themselves to duced by the Turks. use the vilest of epithets. Girls have to be kept under strict surveillance Polygamy is not very common, but from ten to twelve years of age. Boys where it does exist it has, as' else- begin to lead corrupt lives before where, a most baneful influence on entering their teens. the character of the family. A fruitful source of "cursing and bitter- One of the worst features of the ness" and hatred is divorce, which is home life is the almost universal lack wofully common. It seems to be OUf of any true love among the mem- Moslems' way of making up for what bers. The husband does not choose they miss through not being able to or marry his wife because he loves keep more than one wife. If a man has her, and, tho there are exceptions, it had a quarrel with his wife, if he has is very rare that he comes to love her taken a dislike to her and wants a fresh one, these or similar reasons are sufficient to obtain him a divorce, provided he Ca11 find th~ nec~ssarl

PAT1ENTS IN THE COU RTY ARD OF THE M EDICAL MISSION HOU5E~ TRIPOLI afterward. He may honor and respect influence character by other and false her as the mother of his children, but principles that are more congenial to love her for her own sake, no, that the natural heart of man. is never thought of, for the Christian idea of the marriage relation- Islam knows no God of love. It ship is absolutely unknown to them. makes much of His mercy, but even This is perhaps the deepest condem- that is not for all. It is dealt out n'ation of Islam, that it has driven according to the caprice of an infinite out of the hearts of its votaries the and almighty egoist. simple in stinct of natural affection. Their own opinion of themselves in The belief which, in an orthodox this regard is often exprest to Euro- Moslem dominates all others in his pean frien'ds in these very terms: notions of the Divine Being is that "The Christians and Jews love their God is almighty, and does just what wives and children and care for them He pleases. And not only so-He is in sickness, but among us Moslems is supremely and infinitely jealous of neither love nor mercy." His power, and has not given any of it to any of His creatures. Man The exceptions are usually to be has not really any power of any kind. found among those who are unortho- He has no control whatsoever over dox in many of their beliefs. any part of his being or actions, God having fore-decreed every thought, Islam contains some true principles, word and deed, good and bad, in the whole chain of events that appear to but thes'e are deprived of power to

PLIGHT OF TRIPOLI 12,3

MISSIONARIES IN A TRIPOLITAN CARR1AGE determine any act. And not only did repentance, repentance being futile. He fore-determine them all, but it lf called to repent he answers "Inwas He, and He alone,., who per- shallah." It is the ever-ready excuse formed them in every detail. Man is for the grossest dereliction of duty. in no real sense responsible for any of his acts, for he has no share in The meaning of the word Islam to their performance, any more than the the Moslems in general is, surrender pawn on the chess-board has in the and submission in suffering the will game in which it is being used. It of God. Not surrender to doing the is almost incredible how deeply this will of God, but to suffering it. idea has entered into the mind of the Moslem, and how it permeates his At its best, Islam does not know whole life. It kills all natural as- the true God as revealed in the Old piration after higher things; and Testament, much less the God reevery incitement to seek such is met vealed to us by our Lord Jesus by the careless reply "Inshallah"- Christ, and is impotent to raise man "If God has willed it." It leaves no to God. motive for seIf-restraint-it banishes self-reproach. After the most horrid At its worst it is darkness and fear, sins he will say "Ash yen fa; cadr and brings deepest depravity and correbbe." "What is the good; it was ruption in public and private life. God's decree." It leaves no room for Only the Gospel of onr Lord Jesus Christ, with its message of John 3: 16, can ever avail to raise Moslems out of their present terrible condition.

For over 300 years there has been work. Finding they had no very a Roman Catholic mission in Tripoli. good grounds for their opinion, and In the e.arly days, it was only a chap- full of faith in God, he sent two laincy for the Maltese settled there. workers to prove what might, or At the present time they have two might not, be done. One of these churches and several schools. They young men, Mr. Harding, who was a chemist and had also had some medical training, was to open a medi- cal mission, while his companion, Mr.

Michel, who had had experience in Tunis, and knew Arabic well, was to give himself to. the work of preach- ing the Gospel to the patients. The work prospered and increased under Mr. Harcling, and his successor, Mr.

Venables, till, when the latter retired in 1907, the annual number of at- tendances had risen to over 10,000.

The patients included men and wo- men from every part of the Vilayet, and a few from the distant Sudan and Northern Nigeria.

In 1895 a little Bible depot was opened in a much-frequented part of the city. Very few Scriptures have been sold, but it has proved an effect- ive means of reaching many who A TIUPOLITAN MAIDEN would not come to the medical mis- sion. Some thousands of Bibles, apparently do nothing among the New Testaments and Scripture por- Moslems but a little philanthropic tions with tracts have been distributed work in the schools, and at a little among Moslems and]ews.

medical mission connected with the In the same year a weekly sewing convent. class for girls was commenced by Up to 1889 no Protestant mission- Mrs. Venables, and continued by her ary work had been done in the Vi- till 1907, when the attendance had layet, and it was considered closed to risen to an average of forty. The the heralds of the Cross. children were taught plain sewing and In that year Mr. E. H. Glenny, crochet and Scripture texts and secretary of the North Africa Mis- hymns in Arabic.

sion, full of faith and of zeal for the In I907 Miss Harrald extended extension of Christ's Kingdom in the usefulness of this class by holding North Africa, paid a prospecting visit it four days a week, ami adding to Tripoli City. All to whom he reading and writing to the subjects made known his object sought to dis- taught.

suade him. Missionaries, they said, During practically the whole of the would not be allowed to remain to . last twenty years the staff of the

PLIGHT OF TRIPOLI

North Africa Mission on the Tripoli In 1891 Mr. Hermann Harris esstation has consisted of two married tablished a training home for missionmission~ries with their wives and aries in Tripoli, with the object of families, and two single ladies. Their penetrating to the Central Sudan by influence and that of their work has one of the caravan routes. His men been very great and very widely ex- studied Haussa and Arabic, and for tended. A vast amount of opposition about four years did some work and prejudice has been overcome, and among both Haussas and Arabs. they have won for themselves a sure For some years the missionaries THE M1XED POPULATION OF TRIPOLI These include a Sudanese, a Turkish woman, a Jewess, .and an Arab.

place in the affections of the people. have felt that the time had come for Converts have been few-many an advance to be made, and an are agreed that it ought to be in the having come to the point of decision direction of education. The time is and shrunk from taking the step that ripe for the establishment of schools might mean persecution and separa- for both boys and girls. In the early tion from their friends. years it would have been impossible, but there is good reason for thinking Two of the converts have, how- that now there wOlild be no difficulty, ever, proved that, provided the life unless it came from the Government. be consistent, it is possible to be Indeed, for some years, many have disciples of Jesus and let it be known pleaded for the establishment of without incurring anything more seri- English schools. ous than petty persecution and the loss of a few old friends.

The Italian occupation of the Vi- Christianity might be extended in layet will very materially change the the future, in case of the establish· missionary outlook. At least one im- ment of free and safe communication portant result may be looked for. with the Sahara and the Sudan. Even The Italians will feel bound to grant, if it should eventually remain in the and assure, to all, full liberty of con- hands of the Turks, it is no longer science. The missionaries have for of any value for the propagation of years longed for this great boon. Islam, for the British and French have occupied the territories on the Whether the Italian Government south of them. All the tribes of the will limit or prohibit any further ex- region in between are already Mos· tension of missionary work is very lems. But if the Italians succeed in problematical. The word "propa- making effective their occupation of ganda" has a very ugly sound in the country as far south as Murzuk, Italian ears. In the coast towns they it will be a splendid center from will almost certainly grant the same which to conduct a work for Mosamount of liberty as the French al- lems in the Sahara and Wadai. Thc low in Tunis, where the missionary prospects of a railway being built may do any work he likes on his from Tripoli to Murzuk are someown hired premises. It is to be hoped what remote, but the Italians would the French law regarding schools be sure to build a good road in order will not be imitated and that they to attract the trade of the Sahara will permit the establishment of mIs- and Wadai. The journey by ordision schools. nary caravan from Tripoli to Murzuk occupies about thirty days. The post It is practically certain that they takes fifteen days. But the important will forbid missionary work in the matter here is not the length or interior until the tribes have become otherwise of the journey; free and accustomed to the presence of Euro- safe communication is the essential, peans among them. whether for trade or for missionary enterprise, and that an Italian occu- Much has been written of Tripoli pation would certainly secure. as a strategic point from whence Islam has been propagated southward in the past, and from which MISSIONS AND GOVERNMENTS Rev. Lars Dahle, of the Norwegian Mission in Madagascar, speaking on how to conserve good relations between missions and governments, said in the Conference at Edinburgh that the following points should be noted by missionaries: (1) Do not occupy yourselves too much with small irritations. (2) Do not be too hasty in your actions. Abide the right time. We must learn the art of waiting. (3) In action, do not take the difficulty to the highest officials. Get it settled locally if at all possible. (4) If you must go to the higher officials, do not let that be done by a single missionary, but by the leader of the Mission. (5) If the leader has to appeal to the Government, he must seek carefully the right occasion to do so, not when it is busy with other important matters. (6) Always take for granted the good will of the Government. Be polite, and suppose they will always be just. (7) Do not be too ready to go to the Consul of your own nation in affairs of difficulty. If a missionary can only work under the Consul he had bet~~r go home. (8) Let the Bible be our ConsuI.-Warld Conference Report, Vol. VII., pp. r60, r61.

NEED FOR BIBLE SCHOOLS IN

BY REV. WILBERT W. WHITE, D.D.

President of the New York Bible Teachers Training School OREA is eagerly cla- the work of the missions-constituting the chief work of tile missions in mK ~ mOri.ng for Bible teach- preparing the Church for its evange- ing," said Dr. Samuel listic mission. Moffatt, of Pyeng ~ Yang, in a series of 2. The experience of the mission- resolutions presented to aries in Korea during the past twentythe Federal Council of Protestant five years, perhaps more conspicuously Evangelical Missions of Korea last than anywhere else in the world, has September. These words- are not too demonstrated the value of direct Bible strong to express the eagerness of Ko- teaching in leading people to confess reans for a knowledge of the Bible. Christ and live a life of faith. The statement reads as follows: 3. The people, in unsually large "WHEREAS, With the rapid develop- numbers, want to be taught the Bible. ment of the Church in Korea, fostered Hundreds of them walk many miles as it has been in large part by the for that privilege and thousands attend Bible Training Classes, we have now Bible Institutes at their own expense. a large constituency needing fuller, more thorough and more systematic 4. The people need such teaching instruction in the Scriptures, and both for their own spiritual growth, and that they may become teachers of "WHEREAS, Without provision being the great multitudes who do not yet made for the instruction of these large know the Gospel of Christ. numbers of people eagerly clamoring for more study and teaching, it will After two summers spent in the be impossible to conserve the numbers Far East, I have come to regard and the evangelistic and spiritual char- Korea as in a real sense a strategic acter of the Church in Korea, center. It is already having tremen- dous spiritual influence in both Japan "Resolved, That we deem the estab- and China and is destined to exert lishment of Bible institutes one of the still greater power in days to come. most urgent needs for the development and proper conservation of If I had millions to invest in Christhe multitudes of converts already tian work the world over, I would gathered in Korea." put one million of it in a fund, the income of which should be used to The resolutions were adopted by promote Bible study in Korea under the council and impress us with the the direction of the Federal Council of following points as to the need of Protestant Evangelical Missions of Bible teaching in Korea: Korea. It would be an exceedingly appropriate thing to make this a me- I. Instruction in the Scriptures, of morial to Arthur T. Pierson, that the people under the care of the prince of Bible teachers who laid down churches is of supreme importance in his sword in this same land of Korea -"The Land of the Bible."

SACRIFICE*

BY WILFRED T. GRENFELL, M.D., C.M.G.

mI N thinking over this and swim with him to the bank. A subject I have come to terrible sacrifice, was it not? having the conclusion that I the opportunity of saving another's do not know anything life! about it from experi- ence. I often wonder what Jesus Christ If we gage the great- is like and wants us to be like. vVe ness of any human life by what it ac- have many pictures of Him in robes complishes, the life of Christ must and things that do not attract us, but alv:ays stand out before us as pre- give Him an effeminate look. We emment. Very often it is a question must think of Christ as the ideal of of the distance from which we look at manhood, and He wants us to be like things that makes us judge wrongly. A man puts a dollar so close to his Him. It is not enough to come to eyes that he shuts out everything. conclusions about Him; we want to People talk about sacrifice as tho to be like Him and do what He would be a Christian meant asceticism a want us to do. God wants us to be· conventional kind of unattractive're- doing things for Him. Of course, we ligion that made the following of can not all do the same things. If all Jesus Christ so unattractive in the years go~e by, and Heaven an equally the doctors were to go to Labrador unattractive place, where one had who have volunteered, there would be nothing to do. It is the opportunity to do something, to devote one's life enough to kill almost every man in to something, that attracts men today. My experience has been that if the place. you offer the ordinary young man to- Remember: There is a place for day anything to do that is worth while, he does not talk about sacri- you somewhere which God will make fice. It can never be a sacrifice to be plain. I remember Dr. Pierson once useful to God. saying a thing which interested me. He said if a turn of his hand would In one of the hospitals in Labrador make every person in the room a forthere was a little blind boy, waiting to eign missionary he would not turn it. be operated upon for cataract. He God shows men their corners. Some used to sit in his cot with his hands must stay in the summer heat; 1 outstretched, hoping that some one would rather be in Labrador; the cold would come along and take hold of is no hardship to me. But what we his hands. What he wanted was the must do, if we want to make the most touch ·of a human hand. A terrible of life and make the most of oursacrifice to give it, was it not ? Would selves in life, is to follow Jesus Christ. we rather be dancing, yachting, or anything else, would we rather, for It is a reasonable service, the serthe sheer joy of it, give the touch of vice according to our reason-that the human hand to another who hun- the best thing a man can do is to enter gers for it? Christ's service. You can say, I will not serve Jesus Christ, but you must Once on the Norfolk Broads, while admit that it is the best service in the I was looking at the water, something world; it is the happiest service. Jesus bobbed up, and I heard a shout along says, Be willing to do my will, and the bank. I realized that there was a you shall know. Doubts will fly. Is boy in the water. It was an easy there anything worth having that does thing to jump in, catch hold of the boy not mean sacrifice? Can you think of anything on earth that is really worth while that does not mean giv- ing up something else? It is very well to have things· given to us. But 'Condensed from The Record of Christian Work.

THE BIBLE SAYS OF THE HEATHEN

you can not give a man the best things comes into our hearts to make us love -honor, strength, purity, love. These Him as He loves men. things must be won. At Yale I saw a statue in honor of What we need is both the conse- a Yale student, Horace Tracy Pitkin, crated heart and the consecrated in- a man who, when he was standing betellect-not the intellect only. The fore his Chinese murderers as they mind sees the fact that men who fol- were going to kill him, left a message low Christ have the best thing in the to be taken back to his young wife and world, that men who are nearer to only child: "When my boy is old Him are better for being nearer, that enough, send him out to fill my place." men even who go near intellectually to examine and judge the Christ are This is the word of the Apostle judged by Him; but the heart must Paul: "So it is no longer I that live, be touched, touched, that God's Spirit but it is Christ who liveth in me; and may come and dwell there and that as for my present earthly life, I am we may love. Then where does sacri- living it by faith in the Son of God, fice come in? When a man is in love, who loved me and gave Himself for he will give all he has, and it will not me." Those words mean more to me be any sacrifice. The love of God than they did once. I want them to mean more still.

WHAT THE BIBLE SAYS OF THE HEATHEN BY REV. JAMES SMITH Ask of Me, and I shall give Thee the heathen.- Then said they among the heathen, the Lord Ps. 2:8. hath done great things for us.-Ps. 126 :2, 3.

The dark places of the earth are full of the The glory of the Lord is risen upon thee, and habitations of cruelty.-Ps. 74:20, the Gentiles shall come to thy light.-Isa. 60:r·3.

The idols of the heathen are the work of men's The mountain of the Lord's house shall be eshands.-Ps. '35" 5. tablished. All nations shall flow unto it.-Isa. 2:2.

The heathen think they shalI be heard for their That they may possess, all the heathen.-Amas much speaking.-Matt. 6:7. 9:11, 12.

Gentiles walk in vanity, understanding dark- All the ends of the earth shall see the salvation ened, alienated, past feeling.-Eplt. 4:17'19. of our God.-Isa. 52:10.

As many as have sinned without law shall also Thy way, known upon earth, Thy saving health perish without law.-Rom. 2:12. among a11 nations.-Ps. 67:2-5.

These. having not the law, are a law unto them- This gospel preached in all the world for a witselves.-Rom. :2:]4, IS. ness unto all nations.-Matt. 24:14.

Know that I am God: I will be exalted among That repentance and remission of sins should be the heathen.-Ps. 46:rO. preached in His name among all nations.-Luke God reigneth over the heathen.-Ps. 47:7, 8. 24:47· His righteousness hath He revealed in the sight God would justify the heathen through faith.- of the heathen.-Ps. 98, 2 (M.) He will famish all the gods of the earth.- Gal. 3:8. Zeph. 2:JI. On the Gentiles also was poured out the gift of The day of the Lord is near; it shall be the time of the heathen.-Eze. 30:3. the Holy Ghost.-Acts 10:45. I wi11 set My glory among the heathen.-E… How shall they believe in Him of whom they 39:7, 21. have not heard.-Rom. 10: 14. He shall speak peace unto the heathen; His dominion from sea to sea.-Zecho g: I o. And bow shall they preach, except sent ?-Rom.

The heathen shall know that I am the Lord, 10 :15. when I shall be sanctified in you.-Ez. 34:23. Pray be, therefore. the Lord of the harvest that As ye were a curse among the heathen, so ye He will send forth labourers.-Matt. 9 :38. shall be a blessing.-Zecho 8: 13. It pleased God to reveal His Son in me, that I might preach Him among the heathen.-Gal. 1:15, 16.

Go ye, therefore, and teach all nations.-MaU. 28 :19, 20.

HE heathen. Who are 1. THE CONDITION OF THE HEA- THEN.-I. They are in a state of mT they? Such were some alienation. "Separated from the life of us, but we are of God." Alienated by wicked works, washed. Heathenism and their minds at enmity with God. is simply the condition . of all who are "with- 2. A state of darkness. Over these out God in the world," dark places of the earth the Sun of whether their skin be black or white, Righteousness has not yet arisen. whether they be civilized or barbarous. Satan still blinds their minds.

3. A state of lawlessness. Rom. 2: greater part hath never yet heard its testimony. 12.) Having not the Divine law they S. As interceding ones we are to will not be judged by it. "The ground plead. We are priests unto God. The priest acted, not only for himself, but of judgment is their works, the stan- for those who were without. Are we remembering the heathen without as dard of judgment is their knowledge." we ought when we come before God?

4. A state of cruelty. Whcre God 6. As sent ones we are to go. The missionary spirit of many has not got is unknown, the love of God is un- beyond this: "Here am I; send him."

seen. Beware of those who would 7. .As sanctified ones we are to man- ifest. If God is not sanctified in us cruelly murder your faith. . He will not be known to others in all 5. A state of idolatry. Man will the fulness of His grace. A dying girl once said, "I want to go to Mr. worship. If he has no revelation of Whitefield's God." See 2 Cor. 5: 10, God he will make a representation of II.) God. Idols are not always the work III. THE FUTURE OF THE HEA- THEN.-For them there is a good time of men's hands, but frequently the coming. The offer made in Ps. 2: 8 to the Christ has been accepted by work of men's brains. Him, and is now being endorsed by His body, the living Church. The 6. A state of vanity. Vain imag- heathen shall be His inheritance.

inations characterize all ignorant wor- 1. They shall see the salvation of the Lord. When? When the Lord shipers. Great thoughts are not Sa- shall make bare His holy arm in the eyes of all the nations. viors. To be without Christ is to be 2. They shall know the Lord. without hope. Blest time when the kingdoms of this world shall become the kingdoms 7. A state of death. "Past feeling" of our God and of His Christ.

is the last and hopeless stage of the 3. They shall be blessed with peace. He shall speak peace-the peace of disease. "Mortification." Doomed. God. He shall judge among the na- tions, and they shall learn war no y Oll hath He quickened who were more. (Isa. 2: 4).

dead. In a case like this all human 4. They shall witness for the Lord. What a glorious testimony will be remedies are useless. theirs when the divine light has flooded those dark places hitherto full II. THE CHRISTIA.N'S OBLIGATIONS of the habitations of cruelty.

TO THE HEATHEN.-These obligations 5. They shall worship the Lord. When He shall have put down all rule are very real, and spring out of our and all authority and power, the idols will have gone to the moles and the relationship to Christ Himself. 1. As bats. "He must reign." (I Cor. IS: saved ones we are to bless. HI will 24·) 6. The glory of the Lord shall be save you, and ye shall be a blessing" among them. "I will set My glory (Zech. 8: I 3 🙂 . Blessed and made a among the heathen." (Ezek. 35: blessing (Gen. 12 :2). Saved to be 2r.) As the gift of God to Christ they also shall behold His glory. All satisfied, sanctified, and made the sa- nations shall call Him blessed.

viors of others.

2. As illuminated ones we are to at- tract. We are God's lanterns. The light hath shined in our hearts that we might give the light. (2 Cor. 4: 6.) How are the heathen to come to thy light if they never see it? Let your light so shine, etc.

3. As taught ones we are to in- struct. God's wav is to be known be- fore His saving- health can be en- joyed. Paul delivered that which he had received from the Lord. (I Cor.

II: 23.) Have you?

4. As witnessing ones we are to tes- tify. Ye are my witnesses, saith the Lord. It is the work of the Spirit to convict; it is the work of the witness to declare. The Church is the wit- ness, the court is the world, but the

A MOSLEM ON MATfuMONY ANn nlVOltCE*

BY M. FADIL, ATBARA AM an Egyptian, and band is generally a few years older than the wife. And are they wrong? mI speak of that which is Nay! surely they have right on their customary in my land; side. They leave the youth to put yet I wait to be shown forth his efforts in learning a business, that the Moslems of and when he is able to earn a com- India, of Yemen, of petency they then present to him a Syria, or of Persia are maiden, who, having arrived at the in any better case. years of discretion, has learned to manage her own house, to have no There is no doubt that marriage is fear of the darkness of her chamber essential to the world's welfare. It is by night, nor her loneliness by day, also the axle upon which turns the who is fully developed mentally and millstone of life for good or evil. Do physically, knows her own mind and I exaggerate in stating that the length can direct her actions, who will be of a man's life is dependent upon it? prepared to intelligently receive her For if a man is unhappy in his mar- child when it comes into the world. ried life his griefs and sorrows eat In a word, a maiden capable of filling into his life, and it therefore remains a her position and pleasing her husband. true saying, "Half of the dwellers in the tombs are those who were unhappy I know a man who married his son in their married lives." to a girl and they were both so young that you would laugh at the idea of Early Marriages their being man and wife, if I told their ages. The father was continually The first step in our faulty marriage bothered in settling their childish dissystem is that of marrying boys of putes, until one day he said, "I repent thirteen to girls not more than ten not that I married my son so young, years of age, as is the custom. This but that I was ever married myself custom is like making a fire of tender and begot him." green branches; you benefit not by its warmth, but you suffer much from it3 I know another man, so poor he smoke. would ask alms but for shame, who was married very young, the son of How many of us have suffered from poor parents, who left him with this cause? The excuse given for it neither money nor education worthy is that it is to preserve our youth from of the name. He is now thirty years impurity. But what a feeble excuse! of age, and has twelve children; he Silence were better than such. If par- can not support them, neither can he ents but knew their duty to their chil- get rid of them. dren they would have them thoroughly educated on the basis of the true rc- This, then, is the beginning of the Iigion [Islam.-Ed.] and would not trouble, and has no connection with reneglect their home-training, then they ligion, being merely custom. Our would never think on these matters, Prophet did not marry until he had and if mentioned in their presence reached maturity and was able to earn would not understand. I know youths an honest living, and he is the best of twenty years of age who are inno- of examples. cent, and in all such cases it is due to the careful attention paid by their par- The Veil ents to their up-bringing. The second step in this evil course Look at the vVestern nations and is "The Engagement," and the cause you will find that they rarely give their of this evil js the Veil. [In its widest daughters in marriage until they have sense, i.e., the seclusion of women.- reached their twenty-first birthday, Ed.] I had decided after noting what and what is still better is that the hus- • Translated from an article in El Carl/dah, a Cairo daily paper.

happened to the late reverend "De- one could either buy or sell. Thus, in fender of Women" (Qasim Bey Amin)i every point he has been taken in, and that I would avoid hurting the sus- he is the victim of a complaint for ceptibilities of the veiled ones. And which there is neither living hope nor yet I can not see my way to avoid all blest death. All this is brought about mention, in treating on the miseries we by forbidding the bridegroom to see have to suffer by the existing method the bride-elect. I do not ask that he of enga~ement. should be allowed to company with her. It has been said to me by one It is ~ell known that what is con- in whose wisdom I trust, and who sidered lJieauty depends upon personal stands high as an expounder of re- tast~. –that which Zeid appreciates in ligious truth, that it is allowable to the appearance of Hind, Bekr dislikes. the bridegroom to see the face and How many are there whose choice hands of the bride-elect. If this is a would be a small girl well covered? true saying, and I do not doubt it, How many would prefer a tall thin what business have fathers denying to girl? Then in the choice of character an aspirant to the hands of their -one likes in a girl quietness, gravity, daughters what the sublime law perand intelligence; another prefers a mits? stylish, lively girl, brilliant in conversation, and so on through the whole Our Eastern Christian brethren used range of taste. to be tied by this custom as we are, both Syrians and Copts, but they have All these fancies and points of ap- in a large measure freed themselves preciation one has to commit, in ac- from these bonds, and gone far toward cordance with custom and the tyranny true freedom, and left us behind, cap- of the Veil, to a woman called a tives to barren customs. Go, then, 0 "Khatabah" (engager); you might if Egyptian Moslems, to one of their you willed call her a "Khatiah" (sin- homes, and tell me on your oath what ner). One has well compared her to you see there. You will see family a saw which cuts both on the up and happiness, well-founded enjoyment; down stroke. She has no care in the you will hear the man if he swears matter except to fill her hands with the swear by the love he bears his wife, money of the bride-elect's people, and and with him this is no light oath. describes her to the bridegroom as a queen of beauty, a paragon of virtue, Divorce and in wisdom a graduate to Luqman. [The Arabian JEsop.-Ed.] And as The third step is "Divorce," allowed to wealth, she has a yearly income of by God as a warning and example, so thousands of ringing gold pieces! And that if a woman went astray she would thus the unfortunate is taken in by be divorced, and her divorce would this description; which points, if truly be a warning to others and a judgment found together in any girl, would on her, but we have taken it to us as a make her out to be one of the rarities weapon against the weaker sex, and by of the age, and one of the most charm- it degraded her. ing of all time. And on this description the deluded one puts his hand I saw a case of divorce, one of into that of the bride, and completes many, which I will relate to the reader thereby a bond which with the wise as a warning and a reminder. There can only be dissolved by death, even was a married man who had five chiltho when the bride is brought to him dren by his wife, and she was expecthe should want to scream at the sight ing another; he left her one morning of her ugliness, or when he gets to and went to his work. She got up know her he finds her a first impres- and swept her house, cleaned his sion of the picture of Satan, or when room, kneaded and baked her bread, he feels the pulse of her wealth he washed her husband's and children's finds that she has no property that clothes, cooked the food, and fed her children, and put them to bed. Much

A CHINESE ON DENOMINATIONALISM

of the night had passed and her hus- wife and children, and that the Gov- band had not returned home, and feel- ernment ought to energetically uphold ing considerable weariness after all the religious judges in this, that fathat hard work, she prepared her hus- thers should not give their daughters band's meal, placed it on the table for him, and went to sleep. About mid- to such a man, and that his friends night her husband returned, and the should show him the cold shoulder. poor miserable wife was not waiting up for him. He shouted for her, and It is told of a certain man, that he she related to him what we already know, whereupon he became angry, had a dog, and he used every day to and flew into a passion, and divorced give it a loaf· of bread. It used to eat her with the triple divorce [irrevocable.-Ed.] and turned her out of the half, and carry away in its mouth the house with her children, leaving her other half, and leave the house. The to make her complaint, if she wished, man wanted to know where the dog to the Qadi [religious judge.-Ed.J, hid the remainder, and so one day he and you know with what treatment followed it, and saw it go into a ruined she would meet there. house, where was a bitch in a weak state of health with a litter of puppies. This is one of many examples. Can He laid his remaining half before her. God be pleased, He, who is the merci- She ate it and gave him a grateful look for his deed; this look was all he needed, and left her.

ful, the Compassionate, that we per- Compare the deeds of this dog with secute poor weak women thus? And the deeds of men, and yet man ceases His hono'red apostle (Mohammed) . not to boast that he is more exalted said: "Have faith in God in respect than the dumb creatures.

of the weak ones. . . ." Surely not! The Prophet has said, "The most for God requires gentleness of us, not hateful to God of the things He perhard-heartedness. Some reformers mits is divorce."

say that the fault of all this lies at Go then, with your Lord, to the the door of the religious judges, as court of the religious law, and look they ought to look into the reasons for at the Moslem wives who have been divorce, and not to verify a divorce divorced by their husbands; you will unless those reasons are in accordance see their pale cheeks, their eyes all with the religious law. swollen with tears; you will see them But I do not agree with this, as I standing with their children round think that a man who would divorce them crying with hunger and fatigue.

his wife for a slight reason or no rea- And think of all they suffer from the son at all is not worthy of the privi- underlings of the courts and the un- lege of marriage, and the judge ought principled agents before ever they to confirm the divorce, and make the reach the judges. All this is the ef- man responsible for the support of the fect of divorce.

A CHINESE ON DENOMINATIONALISM * ~C HINESE' both Chris- we are engaged in one great cause, rJ tian and non.christian, and working for one great Master. ~ do not understand de- When a man can not find reasons to nominationalism. Vire explain a thing, naturally he will explain it with false reasons: false de- can 110t explain the ductions and bad results will soon be reason why the Church the fruits. This is exactly so in China. ~ must be divided into so many separated denominations, espe- The Christian workers, after com- cially when we come to think that . paring this denomination with that, • From China's Young Me".

can see only the good part of the this all-important question. I am sure worldly affairs in this or that denomi- they will not be disappointed.

nation. One Christian will say "I fol- Speaking plainly, we would like to low Paul," and another, "I follow see in the near future a united Chris- Apollos." The non-Christians, after tian Church without any denomina- investigating the different denomina- tional distinctions. This may seem tions, will say, "Ah, this represents somewhat peculiar to at least some of England; this, France; this, America. you. But, friends, do not forget to It is a fair proof that they are not view us from our standpoint, and if working for spiritual affairs, but their you fail to do that, the Chinese people selfish worldly affairs." . will always remain as a mysterious The Edinburgh Conference decided people to you.

to do something toward the union of In dealing with such a great prob- the different denominations. In the lem, one is naturally led to consider the conference one of the three Chinese following points: delegates spoke so enthusiastically on 1. Why do we want such a union?

this most important subject that his 2. Is such a union possible?

speech received the loudest applause. 3. Is it desirable?

"Here is this magnificent speech by 4. Is it timely?

Ch'eng Ching-yi: 5. Is it an ideal to be aimed at?

I count as one of the most gracious 6. Will such a union be lasting?

blessings that God has bestowed upon 7. How is such a union to be ac- the church in China in recent years, complished?

the spirit of unity. Something has To these questions I will try to an- already been done in the way of Chris- swer very briefly.

tian federation. The result is at once I. Such a union is needed for these practical and remarkable. It is a great reasons: (a) Things that really help blessing for the church in China to- forward the growing movement of the day, and it will be a much greater self-support and self-government of blessing for the church in the days to the church are heartily welcomed. A come. united effort, both spiritual and phys- As a representative of the Chinese ical is absolutely necessary. (b) Speak- church I speak entirely from a Chinese ing generally, denominationalism has standpoint. We may and we may not never interested the Chinese mind. He all agree, but I feel it my duty to pre- finds no delight in it, but sometimes he sent before you the mind of the Chi- suffers for it! (c) Owing to the pow- nese church as frankly as possible. erful force of heathenism from with- The Christian federation movement out, and the feebleness of the church occupies a chief place in the hearts of from within, the Christians are com- our leading men in the church, and pelled to unite in the building up and they welcome every effort that is made defense of the church.

toward that end. This is notably car- 2. From the Chinese standpoint ried out in the provinces of Sze there is nothing imoossible about such Ch'uan, Shan Tung, Honan and Chih a union. Such difficulties as may be Li. In educational work, evangelistic experienced will be largely due to our work, and so on, all the churches Western friends, and not ourselves.

joined hand in hand, and the result of These difficulties are possibilities only, this is most encouraging. and must not be allowed to over- Since the Chinese Christians have shadow the advantages of the union I enjoyed the sweetness of such a unity, speak of.

they long for more, and look for yet 3. In China, and for the Chinese, greater things. They are watching such a union is certainly desirable.

with keen eyes, and listening with at- China, with all her imperfections, is tentive ears for what this conference a country that loves unity in both na- will show and say to them concerning tional and family life.

MISSIONARY'S OWN SPIRITUAL LIFE

4. There is no time more important 7. I would, if you will allow me, than the present. These days are days make one suggestion, i.e., that this of foundation from both political and conference will recommend that the religious standpoints. The future Continuation Committee, when ap- China will largely depend upon what pointed, make further and careful. in- is done at the present time. This is vestigation, will consult all the leading a time of unspeakable responsibilities, Chinese pastors and Christian workers, and we have to be most careful of and obtain from them a free and frank what we now do. expression of their opinion as to the 5. This is the partial ideal church. . need of such a united effort, and the The Church of Christ is universal, not best methods to bring it about. For, only irrespective of denominations, but after all, it is not your particular dealso irrespective of nationalities. "All nomination, nor even your particular one in Christ Jesus." "The world is," to use a Chinese expression, "one fam- mission, that you are working for, but ily, and China is a member of that the establishment of the Church of family." Christ in China that you have in view.

6. Will such a united church in I hope that this conference will not China remain unbroken forever? is a allow the present opportunity to pass question I can only answer by saying, away without taking some definite ac- "I do not know!" But what it will do tion. itself is one thing, and what we press it to do is another. We can only deal In conclusion, let us go up with our Divine Master on the top of Mount with what is to hand to-day, and the Olivet, and there obtain a wider, unknown future will settle its own af- broader, and larger view of the world's fairs! need.

THE MISSIONARY'S OWN SPIRITUAL LIFE * EY THE REV. DONALD FRAZER·, UR Lord has taught us ent work whose triumph is the glory of these days. This bold conception EOJ that our work is in that God is pledged to us is the first partnership with Him thought for the missionary. Luther "all the days." When was so bold that in the time of great the disciples opened crises he cried, "Lord, Thou are im- their campaign we read periled with us." The mission is His; that they went every- it is for His Kingdom we work, therewhere, "the Lord working with them." fore the King is involved-defeat The ages have confirmed the testi- would be His shame, victory His glory. mony, that God has joined Himself in a gracious fellowship with His mis- In the days when Hudson Taylor sionaries. first received the impulse to evangelize inner China, he believed that God had It is necessary, then, that we should said to him, "I am going to evangelize recognize and with all diligence cul- Inland China, and if you will walk tivate this Holy companionship, for we with me I will do it through you." fight not against flesh and blood, and No less does God come to us with a tho we have all the weapons which in- great commission-a service too high tellect and world power may give us, for us-but He says, I shall do it this work can not be done save as we through you, if you will walk with me. allow God to work through us. This has been the secret of all the persist- For us, then, the matter of most im- * From the Bombay Guardian.

portance is that the companionship of sity, or custom, the more friendly and God be an actual and controlling ,fact. welcome they are. The intense and absolute seeking of God lies at the very root of our power Our public life must first be preto serve. I have never read of mis- faced by a private life with God. siOIiary or saint who left the footprints Here is the most solemn danger that of God behind him, and yet walked is always about us in these strenuous alone; but behind, within, all-encom- days. passing the lives of those whose memory still shines as the stars in the Even Paul himself feared lest he firmament, has always been entire de- should be a castaway while yet so votion to God. Zinzendorf cried, "I prominently the Apostle to the Genhave one passion, that is He, He only," tiles. How much more we! In the and to~day we have the Moravian mis- foreign field saintliness is no easier sions. Henry Martyn's bright track is than in the home; nay, to follow God full of such devotion: "I am born for needs ten times more watchfulness. God only, I wish to have my whole There are many who find death here soul swallowed up in the will of God," at the very front. and it was this desire for the personal God which gave him his great spiritual The Church Missionary Society, in sensitiveness, their regulations, say: "Let one or two hours daily be given to private com- The degradation of heathenism and munion with God and prayer and readthe neglect of Christ may cease to ing Scripture. Let it be actual commove us to shame or pain. We grow munion-converse with God in soliaccustomed and insensible. But while tude, real pouring out of the heart be- Martyn lived, the personal Christ was fore Him, real reception from His fu1so near and so dear to him, that in a ness." very real way he carried the stigmata of Christ. To a Mohammedan who We know how hard this is. Time's was speaking flippantly of Christ he divisions are so little respected in these said, "I could not endure existence if lands. The needs of our workers, and Christ was not glorified: it would be attention to a hundred details, the perhell to me if He were to be always petual interruptions, the early start of thus dishonored." The Persian was public service, these all militate against amazed at this, and asked why? And the regular observance of private times Martyn replied: "If anyone pluck for seeking God. Yet there is not one out your eyes there is no saying why of us but has learned that these soliyou feel pain; it is feeling. It is be- tary times are absolutely necessary, cause I am one with Christ that I am and that Sabbaths of devotion are abthus dreadfully wounded." solutely necessary. If in our zeal for His Kingdom we give the King no How often we miss true and con- time to come to us and reveal Himstant union because we only seek it for self, we forget that He controls and the needs of our service! When the all the glory is to be His. If we have Sabbath comes round, in the special no time to wait for the revealing of services we dread our helplessness, and His will to us we shall outrun our for our work's sake seek His Holy duties, and be guilty of presumptuous fellowship. For true abiding, God sin. The anxieties are too great, but must be sought for personal need. If we should give Him time to let His we would find Him we must seek Him peace float over us. The enemies are not as ministers for our work, but as too many, but we should not be ever sinners for His own sake. Friendship facing them, that we can not look at is best kept up even among men by the Captain by our side. We shall frequent visits; and the more free and utterly fail if bustle allow us the feelintimate these frequent visits, and the ing of loneliness. We shall gloriously less occasioned by business, or neces- triumph if faith and waiting on God give us the certainty of His alliance with us.

EDITORIALS

THE MISSIONARY SPIRIT makes the lesson of the book doublv I F God will show me anything that important. It is another missionary I can do for the redemption of the parable: world that I have not yet undertaken, by His grace I desire to under- 1. A great heathen city so corrupt take it at once, for I can not, I dare that its wickedness was an appeal unto not, go up to judgment until I have God for interference. No man or nadone the utmost God enables me to do tion is so wicked as to be outside of to diffuse His glory throughout the God's mercy. whole 'wide world." 2. A prophet of Jehovah is called Also I heard the voice of the Lord and commissioned to go and give God's saying, Whom shall I send, and who message to the heathen, but shrank will go for us? Then said I, Here from the task. He had no love for am I; send me.-Isaiah, 6 :8. the doomed people and desired its de- struction rather than its reformation. UNWILLING MISSIONARIES 3. Jonah, like the Jewish nation, was I s it possible that a Christian who not ready to become a preacher to the rebels at the thought of leaving heathen until he had learned the folly of seeking to escape from God and home to become a foreign mission- had by experience been enabled to ary may, nevertheless, be called of testify to Jehovah's power to save God to the work, and may be the from sin and death. He appeared in means of doing a great work in for- Nineveh as a resurrected man. His eign fields? It was true in the day of experience enabled him to preach both Jonah. Is it true to-day? The Word judgment and mercy.

of God and history both teach that no 4. The power and mercy of J e- man or woman may expect success at hovah are manifested in his dealings home when he or she refuses to obey with Jonah, with the sailors, and with God's call to go elsewhere. Some may Nineveh. The prophet was not re- achieve success in going reluctantly, sponsible for results, but only for but they can not be happy in giving doing as he was commanded.

an unwilling response to the divine 5. Jonah was taught two great les- call. sons in regard to the heathen. (I) Jonah was one of the earliest of the That God loved them and desired their Hebrew prophets of the Northern salvation. (2) That they might be Kingdom, and prophesied during dark reached by God's message of warning days in the national life-a time of and hope.

growing political strength and moral 6. Jonah was taught two great les- weakness. Jonah was a nationalist and sons as a messenger of God. (I) was bitterly opposed to leaving his The necessity of a surrendered will.

own land to preach to a foreign (2) The need for a divine pity and enemy. The repentance of Nineveh, love in the heart.

transitory though it was, served as a To-day no missionary can be happy great reproof of unrepentant Israel. or truly successful in working among It would have been more agreeable to the heathen unless he has a desire to the Hebrews to see their powerful cooperate earnestly in the plan of enemy overthrown. God for the world, and has a heart This is the only case of an Old Tes- touched by the divine compassion for tament prophet being sent to preach the Christless multitudes. He must repentance and salvation to the heath- not be moved by fear, or pride, or en, so that Jonah was the first divinely duty, but by the Spirit of Christ.

appointed foreign missionary. This To-day God calls for volunteers in

giving as well as in going. In the whether they are the result of new present age of the Spirit, God moves awakenings and stirrings of God's men by inward impu'lse rather than by outward compulsion to do His wilL Spirit, or merely sudden spirts and The cross is not laid on men, but they are asked to "take it up." flashes, it is difficult to say. Two A NEW ORDER OF LIFE things, however, we may know! First, whatsoever is of God can not PERHAPS the best thing about come to naught. That which begins the new progressive "movements" small and has the germ of divine life of the day is that they show that so that it. grows to large proportions some men and women are awake is worth while, but that which begins and that they will wake up other large as the result of sudden expan~ sleepy members of the Church. Many sion .due to human energy and inflaof these will, no doubt, go to sleep tion is doomed to a sudden collapse. again; but if the Spirit of God is Christianity began in a germ of life, in the work, the movements can so did the Reformation, the modern not fail to produce permanent re- missionary campaign and every great sults. Machinery can not move with- movement. out power; and the need of Christians, the need of the Church and the Second: There is undeniable evineed of the world is a tremendous dence of the great growth of foreign spiritual revival with the power that missionary interest in the Church, at accompanies it. With this also will home, and in the fields abroad. This come a new vision of God, a new is especially discernible if we study surrender to Jesus Christ, a new view the Church and the world of to-day in of the world, a new ideal for the comparison with conditions one hun- Church, a new love for man, a new dred years ago, and it is clearly seen realization of relative and absolute even in the study of decades. values of time, influence, strength and money, a new purpose in life, a new Take the dissemination and study faith in eternal verities, a new passion of the written Word of God. In 1800 for the extension of the Kingdom of there were only fifty translations of God. the Scriptures, and they were only available in languages understood by JUDGING MISSIONARY PROGRESS about one-tenth of the human race. In 1880 there were 250 translations, and W Eare, as a rule, too 111uch in the in 19IO the vVord of God is founel in midst of the fight to be able to six hundred languages and. dialects, judge correctly how the battle goes. making it available to nine-tenths of A temporary minor defeat may as- mankind. Bibles are printed and dissume large proportions in our eyes or tributed by the ten million by Bible an apparent victory may in reality be societies each year. the precursor of a retreat. Only God can judge correctly the relative value Politically, there has been a great and importance of events and signs of change in 1880 in nominal Christian the times, but students of history and governments ruled only in Europe and of God's Word may discern the tend- the eastern coast of North and South encies and progress of periods of America. To-day they rule practitime when their point of view is suffi- cally the whole world, with the exciently removed fr0111 the smoke and ception of the Turkish Empire, Pernoise of battle. sia, China, Japan, and a portion of Central Asia. These non-Christian It is difficult to tell whether the lands are also largely under Christian Church and the kingdom is further influence, and know that they must advanced, or has retrograded since abide by the laws of the Christian na- January, 19II, or January, 19IO. tions. Great movements there have been, but The increase in missionaries is re- markable, tho inadequate. In 1800 there were seven Protestant foreign missionary societies, in 1880 there famous preacher, Horace Bushnell, were seventy, and to-day there are gives the following list of those who over four hundred. The foreign mis- are exempt: sionaries in 1800 numbered 170, in 1880 they had increased to 2,500, and The man who believes that men without to-day there are over 22,000. One Christ are not lost and do not need a hundred years ago this month the first Savior. Protestant foreign missionaries sailed from America, to-day there are over The man who believes that Jesus Christ 7,500 in the non-Christian lands. had no right or reason when He said: "Go ye into all the world and preach the Gospel In 1800 there were no Protestant to every creature." native Christian workers, to-day there are nearly 90,000 of them. One hun- The man who believes the Gospel of dred years ago there were only about Christ is not the power of God unto salva- 50,000 converts from pagan and Mos- tion, and can not save all who believe. lem peoples, in 1880 there were 1,800,- 000, and to-day there are nearly 5,- The man who wishes that missionaries 000,000 communicants and their fam- had never come to our ancestors, and that ilies in Protestant churches alone. we ourselves were still heathen.

So we might show the growth in The man who believes that the best giving, in the circulation of mission- motto is "every man for. himself," and, ary books, and periodicals, in the de- who, with Cain, asks, "Am I my brothvelopment of medical missions and er's keeper?" women's work, in the progress of Christian education in heathen lands, The man who wants no share in the final and in the progress of Bible study, victory of Christ and the glory of His and mission study at home. Surely kingdom. it is evident to the most careless and prejudiced observer that the kingdom The man who believes he is not accountof God is progressing under the influ- able to God for the time, talents, and ence of His Spirit. There is no en- money entrusted to him. terprise on earth that ever showed such power, such progress, such vital- The man who is prepared to accept the ity as that of Christian missions. final sentence from Christ: "Inasmuch as ye did it not to one of the least of these, ye REASONS FOR NOT GIVING TO did it not to Me."

MISSIONS 'vVe might include all those under the two reasons: T HERE are conscientious Christians who seem honestly to believe that (I) Those who have no faith in they ought not to give to foreign missions and some who even believe that Christ, and His Gospel, and (2) those they can not afford to' contribute who have received nothing and theretoward church and gospel work at fore have nothing to give. home. They hold that with a small income their family requires all for rent, No man can judge for another how food, clothing, education, and to pro- much time or money he should give vide against sickness. If they can to the Master's cause, or where he give any outside their own family, they have poor relatives, or their local should invest what he gives, but church takes all, or obligations for there are two principles that are safethe poor and unfortunate in the cities guards: ( I) Every Christian should and frontiers of America take all they give something, a definite proportion, feel they can spare. of his time and money, unselfishly to promote the kingdom of God; we are There may be some who can not, stewards of whom an accounting will ought not to give to missions. The be required, and God blesses the faithful stewards. If we have a mind and heart to care for His interests, and to advance His Kingdom, He will care for us and see that the other nec- essary things will be added unto us.

(2) Every Christian should seek, by a study of the needs of men and by yie1dim; to the impulses of the Spirit of God, to learn where he can best use the time, strength, talents, and money that God has entrusted to him. This study of men's needs, and this prayerful inquiry of God, will keep us from misappropriations. God more for work at home, and that impresses different men and women those where a missionary spirit prewith different needs and opportuni- vails have the largest congregations ties. If you fail to respond, you are and the most active home audiences, responsible for failure at that point and are most devoted to their pastors. where God would have you supply the lack-it may be in work for Jews, or A contemporary gives an instance negroes, or" outcasts, or Indians, for from the history of a small Oeveland Hindus nr Chinese, Koreans or Afri- church: cans. By the prompt response of each Christian to the movings of God's Four years ago, when the pastor Spirit the work of the world will be first entered upon the work, he andone, the needs of men will be sup- nounced his intention of aiming for a plied. thousand dollars for missions on his first missionary day. There were A PASTOR'S MOVEMENT NEEDED those who thought it was foolish, but the church reached the mark. The T HE pastor is the key to the situa- next year the aim was raised to tion in the local church. If the pas- $1,500, and the third year to $2,000. tor is not vitally interested in world- Each year the proposal was realized wide missions, to the extent of whole- in actual cash. Last year the day was hearted advocacy and leadership in fixt for the first Sunday in November, giving, to the extent of self-sacrifice, a month earlier thim usual, partly then the hands of the church-members owing to the fact that the place of are practically tied so far as any act- worship has been sold, and the conive aggressive work as a church is gregation has shortly to look for anconcerned. other building. They had prospered in the mean time. The pastor's aim We have young people's missionary was for $2,500. Not only was this movements, laymen's movements, and reached, but the new year was opened women's movements, and now what with an offering of over $2,600 in is needed is a pastor's movement. cash and pledges, and it has since Many able and consecrated ministers gone up beyond this point. lack the education, the broad vision, the experience to make them realize This amount is given by a memthat coldness or half-hearted zeal bership of 230. and by a people who toward world-wide missions saps the congregationally would be rated as a vitality of their own spiritual lives poor church. No methods such as and hinders the prosperity of their fairs, sales and other subterfuges are churches. A man can not be close to employed to "raise" the money, the the Master without having- a vital in- approved method is that of putting terest in that which is nearest the the hand in the pocket and raising it Master's heart, and a church which is with its free-will gift. There is no indifferent to the claims of the Great canvassing of the members, but a spir- Commission can not expect God's itual ministry begets spiritual life, and blessing on the spiritual, social, or spiritual life can not long continue financial condition of the local church. withOtlt the missionary impulse and joyful giving. Not more machinery, This pastor's mIssIonary move- not new methods. but Sl)iritual quickment should colIect the facts in refer- ening is the thing that is needed ence to the experiences of churches in among- tIS all-pastors and laymen giving to home work and to foreign alike. "Go thou and do likewise." missions. Many pastors do not know the facts, they do not realize that ex- CORRECTION-In the at"tide on Missionary Assets perience proves that churches which and Liabilities in January (page 19), mention is give generously to work abroad have made of "The Evangelical Union of South Amer- ica." This referred to a union of missions at the home base, not of cburcbes on the field.

AT THE BOMBARDMENT OF

WORLD .. WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS CHINA to be sent to England some forty years ago. He is a nominal Chris- China's Stron~ Men tian. Was not missionary money well invested in these cases of Chinese edu- S OMETHING may be said for for- cation? eign missions when so many of the new men of influence in China are Yuan-Shi-Kai on Christian Mi..iona in such close relations with missionaries. Yuan-Shi-Kai is himself a Con- Y UAN-SHI-KAI, Prime Minister fucianist, but his children were educa- of China, said to the missionaries ted by a London Missionary Society when Governor of Shantung: "You teacher and his four sons are now in have been preaching in China many the L. M. S. college at Tientsin, to years, and, without exception, you exwhich Yuan himself gave money for hort men concerning righteousness. a building. Wong Chung, head of In establishing your customs, you the great Chinese steel works at Han- have been careful to see that Chinese kow, is the son of a London Mission- law was observed. In regard to your ary Society pastor, and Dr. Sun Yat presence in this province, I willingly Sen, the organizer of revolution and testify that it makes for good, and gatherer of money for its equipment, that the teaching you impart is calwas a student and took his doctor's culated to benefit all who may emdegree in the L. M. S.'s medical brace and follow its precepts. Moreschool at Hongkong. vVu-Ting-Fang over, its effects upon our people are also, who holds the office of Foreign beneficial, and do not in the least in- Secretary to the Republican party, was terfere with their duties as subjects of one of the first of the Chinese students the empire and law-abiding citizens." Such words are very significant and

encouraging from the man who seems tian institution, and the Chinese studestined to become the first president dents are to be given a mere secular of the United States of China. education, similar to that given by Real Cause of the Rebellion the great universities of Western lands. Thus it can not take the place THE Christian Advocate puts the of the higher schools of learning es- situation thus: "It is interesting tablished in connection with mission- ary boards. It rather emphasizes t? know that the Chinese, and espe- their importance and the necessity of increasing them rapidly. CIally the Manchus, have an instinctive feeling that the origin of the present uprising is clue to the introduction of that strange leaven, called the Gos- A "Tea-House" Mission pel. Hence the conservative element A CORRESPONDENT of the in the long run must oppose the Gos- Chinese Recorder describes a pel, and the progressive element must "tea-house" mission in the city of Kaoyuchow. A large number of welcome it. Both the revolutionists men have decided objections to attendand the Government are earnestly op- ing meetings in chapels; and just as posed to outside interference in this at home many who can not be reached family quarrel.

Eradicating Opium from China by ordinary methods will be persuaded T HE British Foreign Office, in one to attend an evangelistic meeting held of its recent papers, publishes a in a theater, so in China such as lareport of Sir Alexander Hosie as to bor under similar objections may be China's progress in suppressing the reached by meetings in a tea-house, cultivation of the poppy. Five prov- which is the place of resort for all inces, in which it has been a heavy classes of the male population. The crop, were visited by this investigator mission was well attended, some 400 during 1910-1 I. He found a decrease to 500 being present each fine evening, of 25 per cent. in Kansu, of 30 per and quite a number of men having to cent. in Shensi, of 75 per cent. in Yun- stand on the street.

nan, and practical extinction in Shan- A Great Educational Center si and Szechwan. The last-named province used to furnish nearly half N ANKING is one of the leading the opium produced in China. educational centers in China. For hundreds of years the literati from Chinese University for Hankow three provinces-Kiangsu, Anhwei THE Central China Post says that and Kiangsi-have periodically come the proposed university for the to Nanking to take the examinations.

Chinese at Hankow, under the joint According to tables prepared in auspices of English and American 1909 there were more than 7,500 stu- universities, was to be ready to re- dents, male and female, in govern- ceive students in 1913. If present ment, private and mission schools in financial plans are successful, it will Nanking. The mission schools were have an endowment of $1,25°,000. founded here before there were any Rev. W. E. Soothill, formerly presi- modern government schools, and they dent of the Imperial University of have been influential in establishing Shansi, who has been appointed as educational standards for the city.

president, expects to visit England The University of Nanking, which and America. The scheme for the represents a union of educational in- establishment of the Hankow Univer- stitutions of the Methodist Episco- sity originated with the universities of pal Church, the Presbyterian Church Oxford and Cambridge, but has since (North), and the Disciples of Christ, been taken up by American universi- is recognized by the Chinese as lead- ties. While under Christian auspices, ing in the educational work of the it is not to be an aggressively Chris- city.

I912] WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

A Memorial Christian Han posed of pastors and members of various churches. The union con- RECENTLY there was dedicated at ducts home missionary operations, Shanghai, a memorial Christian and it is intensely in earnest in hall costing $20,000. It was the gift evangelistic work. But its battle-cry of the children and grandchildren of is, "Independence for the Chinese Pastor Bau, one of the devout preach- Church." It looks askance at control ers of China; his sons and grandsons by missions or by churches in foreign are connected with the Commercial lands. It bemoans the attitude of Press, the largest printing establish- many preachers and agents toward ment in Shanghai; they represent missionaries, characterizing them as three generations of Christians. sycophants, seeking only to please those from whom their support IS Two Other Chinese Givers drawn.

IN these days when the Christian Traffic in Girls Continues world is widening out and the Church is full of missionary zeal and IN the Denske Missions Blad menactivity, the gifts to the missionary tion is made of the traffic in girls side of the Church's life were never in China. A trader dealing in this so large as they are now, the number commodity for the Shanghai market of missionaries never so great, and came to a certain village to reconthe converts growing in influence and noiter. One mother proposed to sell power. A missionary paper states her daughter, but the trader declared the remarkable fact that a high Chi- that the girl's feet were too large for nese official recently converted is now binding and that therefore she would supporting twenty evangelists at an not do. The following night the mothexpense of $7,000 annually for the er took a hammer, and, regardless of conversion of his countrymen. An- the child's screams, attempted to beat other Chinese Christian supports a the feet so that they would be more hospital where 50,000 patients are plastic for binding. The next day she treated every year. sold her.

Brinllinll a Mandarin to Terms At the Gate of Tibet I~ Funinghsien the mandarin, which T A-CHIEN-LU is a station of the starting a girls' school, found that China Inland Mission on the Chithe only competent teacher to be ob- nese frontier of Tibet. One of the tained was the wife of the Method- missionaries stationed there has reist preacher. On engaging her at a cently made a long journey in that salary considerably greater than her almost unknown part of the world. husband's, he observed: "0£ course, Being away from his station for two you will teach on worship day." months, he traveled some 12,000 Whereat this diminutive woman drew miles through anterior Tibet, riding herself up till she seemed to add a 38I horses. He carried a supply of cubit or two to her stature, and re- Tibetan Gospels, which were clearly plied: "Nat for a thousand tae1s a printed and neatly bound and presentmonth." And the great man actually had to come to her terms. ed a: striking contrast to the Tibetans'

Aiming at Independence books, which are often blurred and in- distinct. In the Lama monasteries, THE movement toward independ- which he visited, he was usually, tho ence in the Chinese Church is not always, received in a warm and most energetic in the ports. From friendly way. He gained the impres- Shanghai emanates a monthly maga- sion that a marvelous change has zine, The Chinese Christian, issued cdme over these people, and that there by the Independent Chinese Chris- is a present glorious opportunity for tian Union, an, organization com- the circulation of the Scriptures in

Eastern Tibet. Thus the region both in Japan' and among the home firmly closed against missionaries 1S churches. The picture post-cards will beginning to open wide. also be put on lantern slides for use at home. JAPAN-KOREA Changes Seen in One Village A Serious Hindrance to the Gospel IN the village of Chang Mal, forty LARGELY on account of Govern- miles from Seoul, is a church of ment restrictions in earlier days, fifty new believers who are aggreswith reference to the residences of sively preaching Christ. Two years foreigners, the bulk of the missionary ago the heathen people of the town force of Japan is in the ten largest held a mass-meeting and decided that cities. Of 1,003 missionaries in Japan, they did not want the Christians in 572 reside in these cities, containing their town; they bound themselves an aggregate population of 5,500,000 with an oath not to accept Christ of people, while the balance of Japan, themselves, and not to rest until the with 44,500,000 people, has a total of place was purged of the foreign reonly 431 missionaries. At least five- ligion. Some of the Christians were sevenths of the Japanese Christian living in rented houses; they were leaders are also in the ten largest thrown out. Some were renting fields; cities. In other words at least, three- the fields were taken away. Some fourths of the population of Japan is were merchants; no one would buy of still unreached by missionary agencies. them or sell to them. The heathen This presents one of the greatest mis- refused to allow the Christians to use sionary opportunities of our day. the village wells. If a Christian met a neighbor, the neighbor would ignore The Methodist Church of Japan him or swear at him; if a Christian woman appeared on the street she was THREE mother churches in Amer- insulted, yet not one has renounced ica and Canada, seeing the wis- his religion. dom and feasibility of the union, granted the privilege of organizing INDIA the Methodist Church of Japan on an autonomic basis; and in the spring of The Paradoxes of India 1907 sent commissioners, invested with discretional power to organize a , 'I NDIA," says E. R. Carver, in Methodist Church, in concurrence The Missionary Witness, "is a with the lay and clerical representa- land' full of contradictions, and is tives of the Japanese churches. This hence a much misunderstood land. body then contained 87 churches, 106 ordained ministries, and a member- "This is the land of blazing light, ship of 10,738, which has since in- and yet, withal, the land of densest creased to 12,322. darkness. There is wonderful beauty with repulsive ugliness. A land of A Japanese-Korean Bible Committee plenty, full of penury. Ultra-cleanli- ness and unmentionable filthiness. AT the close of a four-day confer- There is kindness to all creatures, ence at Karuizawa, the leading combined with hardest cruelty. All summer resort in Japan, it was de- life held sacred in a land of murders. cided to appoint a Bible study commit- A people of mild speech, given to viotee for Japan, to cooperate with sim- lent language. Proud of learning, ilar committees already at work in and sunken in ignorance. Seekers for China and Korea. It was also de- merit, resigned to fate. Unbelieving, cided to appoint a representative com- and full of credulity. Belief in one mittee on the united exploitation of God, coexistent with the worship of mission work in Japan. This commit- 330,000,000 deities. Intensely religtee will prepare picture post-cards, ious, yet destitute of piety. Altoand a booklet at once, for wide use gether, India is lost humanity gone to

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

seed; a diseased degenerate herb be- their tongues cut, so Manu, the great come a noxious weed. At least this law-giver of the Hindus, decreed. To- is the condition of her society." day converts from the Brahman caste are few and far between." India Census Notes Henry Drummond Memorial T HE population of India, accord- ing to the recent census, is now T HE new buildings for the dispen- about 315,000,000. The returns as to sary of the Henry Drummond religions are gradually being made Memorial Mission at Poona, India, known, and show features of great [U. F. Church of Scotland] were encouragement. In the Panjab as solemnly dedicated to the service of many as 200,000 have described them- the Master on August 5, I9Il. The selves upon the Government register services were held in the new preach- as Christians. The figures, as Canon ing hall, and were attended by about vVeitbrecht remarks, are "stagger- forty missionaries of the Church of ing," for, after making liberal deduc- Scotland, the C. M. S., and the U. F. tions for the European and Eurasian Church. The new buildings have population, including military, the been put to use since the end of April, Indian Christians of the Panjab to- but the formal dedication had to be day must number about 165,000, as postponed till the rains. The hospital against 37,000 ten years ago; that is proper is slowly progressing, in-pato say, they have increased in the dec- tients being accommodated at present ade more than fourfold. • in a galvanized iron open shed-not very attractive to Indians in a mon- What Remains to be Done soon season with chilly rainy nights.

T HO Christianity is sufficiently The Union Theological College of South rooted in India to count 3,000,- 000 of communicants in the various India Christian churches, according to Sherwood Eddy, it must be borne in mind THE first prospectus of the new that this is only about one in a hun- United Theological College at dred of the population. Out of 100 Bangalore is a most interesting docunatives 71 are Hindus, 21 are Mo- ment. It recites how missionaries behammedans, 3 are Buddhists, and I longing to four different societies is a Christian. A great and gratify- were caIled by Rev. J. Duthie, of Naing start has been made, but a mighty gercoil, to Kodaikanal in June, 1906. multiplying of Christ's foIIowers is At once a plan for a union college was necessary before India can be enrolled drawn up and submitted to the repreas a Christian land. sentatives of the various missions in South India and Ceylon. In Febru- Hi~h-caste Hindus in Madras ary, 1907, representatives of the U. F. Church, the American Arcot Mission, REV. K. R. GOPALAH AIYAR the A. B. C. F. M., the L. M. S., and writes: "The Brahman commu- the Wesleyan Missionary Society, met nity in India, more than any other, has in Madras and the scheme was apreceived benefits by the advent of the proved. The Horne Boards were will- British. Nearly eighty-five per cent. ing to cooperate, and the College of the university graduates, year after Council held its first meeting at Banyear, come from that class, and nearly galore, in March, 19IO, at which it the same percentage of the staff in was resolved to open the college in any government office, or mercantile July, 1910. Rev.]. Mathers was apfirm, are high-caste Brahmans. They pointed principal, and the college was are the hereditary priests, and are the opened in due time. Out of the sevcustodians of the Hindu Vedas, or enteen applicants for admission, only Scriptures. They alone are privileged eight were permitted to enter, and the to read the Vedas, which are written first year proved one of rich blessings in the sacred Sanskrit language, have

to professors and students. The col~ of organic union (toward consumlege is organized under a council, mating which it was our great priviwhich is made up of representatives lege here in South India to have taken from the various bodies contributing the first step) being steadily kept in not less than Rs. 1,500 a year. The view. Tho the spectacle of a united council has complete control of the Christendom is yet in the dim and finances of the college, determines the distant future, the prospect of a curriculum, and appoints professors United Church of India is looming and subordinate staff. The course of large before our eyes and is gradustudy in three years in length and in- ally taking definite shape. cludes New Testament Greek, Biblical Criticism and Exegesis, Church AFRICA History, Apologetics, Christian Doctrine, Comparative Religion, Pastoral The Present Status of Christianity Theology, and some work in the Vernacular literature. Thus the college PROGRESS of missionary work in is able to train up high-grade Indian Africa is shown by the fact that evangelists, pastors, and teachers, who in the population, estimated at 175,- will be able to lead the Christian 000,000, there are about 2,47° Protes- Church in India. tant missionaries, and. 13,089 native assistants at work. To date there are A Strate&,ic Gift about 527,000 adherents to the ChrIS- tian faith, in addition to about 225,000 T HERE came to the American communicants. These Christians have Board rooms recently a small 4,790 places of worship. There are piece of paper that tells a big story. about 200,000 pupils in about 4,800 It was a check, from a donor whose schools. N early roo hospitals minname is withheld, for $30,000, to ister to the sick and suffering, while 10 build and equip a science hall and cer- printing-presses are kept busy and the tain accessories for the American Col- Bible is supplied in all the principal lege, Madura, South India. The real languages. The largest proportion of measure of this gift is not revealed in Christian popUlation is in Uganda and naming its amount, large as that is. Cape Colony. The glad truth is that it will enable this institution at once to become a NORTH AFRICA college of the first grade according to the Government's standard, the only The Franco-German Agreement college of this rank for the entire field of South India; and it makes T HE Moroccan agreement between certain that the best education avail- France and Germany forms anable in that district will continue to other paragraph in the history of the be under Christian auspices.-Mis- African continent. Primarily France sionary Herald. remains politically supreme in ·Mo- rocco, while guaranteeing economic Church Union a Success equality and freedom of commerce for all. Germany receives from France a AT the recent third general assem- large accession of territory on the bly of the South India United frontier of the Cameroons, including Church the president said : "We access to the Kongo and its large tribhave reached that stage in the history utary the Ubanghi River. France reof the progress of the United Church ceives from Germany a small triangle that it is now no longer necessary to of land affording her better access on persuade Christian workers of the the south to Lake Chad. France may need or desirability of union. On the now possess via Lake Chad political mission field, and notably in India, sway continuously from the French China, and Japan, federal union is Kongo to Morocco and Algiers, an being pushed forward with the goal area probably as large as India and Burma, and possibly possessing po- tentialities as yet unheard of.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

A The Bible Entering Abyssinia the west coast. This mission was for BYSSINIA is one of those more many years fruitless and afflicted. or less closed countries where the Fifty-four missionaries passed to pre- printed Gospel can penetrate into wide mature graves, and 40 more returned, regions which no foreign missionary broken in health.. At the end of four is allowed to enter. A request has just decades there were but 556 converts reached the Bible House from the and 214 in the schools. In the fol- Rev. Andrew Svensson, of the Swe- lowing ten years, however, came the dish Evangelical Mission, which has turn of the tide. At present 8,274 its headquarters at Eritrea. He writes Christians are ministered to from 8 from Zasega, acknowledging the re- centers and 153 outstations. More ceipt of two cases of Scriptures, than 6,000 children attend the 164 which have reached him from the schools. At the jubilee festival in Bible Society's depot at Alexandria, Bremen, besides the 250,000 marks ·/iifi Massowah. Mr. Svensson reports which were given by German friends that certain of his society's native as a special thank-offering, 12,000 evangelists in the Galla country were marks were handed in by Pastor Aku accused for their preaching and taken of Lome. about fifteen days' march from their home in Wallaga, up to Adis Abeba, In Straits for Toilers at Luebo the Abyssinian capital. In the end they were granted liberty to read and A LETTER from Rev. W. M. Morteach the Gospel "in harmony with the rison reads as follows : "We doctrine of the Apostles and Proph- are in great straits here. The work is ets," on condition that they did not losing ground now. We can't, with attack the religious customs of the our present force, hold it together. country. And this, added to the fact that Mar- tin must leave in a few days for the WEST AFRICA home land, also Mr. and Mrs. Roches- ter. If substantial reenforcements do Moslems Petitioning for a School not come this fall-not just one or two-then I can not see, from a hu- T HE Bishop of Sierra Leone writes man standpoint, what is to become about receiving an earnest re- of this work. Within three weeks we quest for a school, which reads as shall have only II missionaries, all follows: "We, the undersigned, abo- told, left on the field, and yet this rigines, Mohammedans, and Sierra field reports an amazingly large per- Leoneans, at Kaballa, beg leave most centage of the total number of con· respectfl1lly to submit this petition for verts in all our mission fields." a resident schoolmaster and missionary for your favorable consideration. A Congregation Numbering Thousands We would bring to your notice the disadvantages that our children and T HE largest Presbyterian congrerelatives are subjected to in not hav- gation in the world [Elat, West ing a school here," etc. They go on Africa] , has connected with the Amerto remind us that this is the second ican mission. There are 6,000 memtime that such a petition has been bers and catechumens connected with sent, and plead with U5 to consider it, and the huge church holds 5,000 it fairly this time. It is signed by people. twelve names, seven of the "signatures being in Arabic. Conditions in the Kongo Mi..ion At the End of a Half.Century T HE missionaries of the Presbyte- rian Church, South, in the Kongo, T HE Kolonialen Rundschau pub- are somewhat anxious because the lishes an account of the fiftieth committee of the church feels unable anniversary of the North German to send out new missionaries until the Mission in Togo, a German colony on large debt now hanging over the mis-

sion has been paid. There seems to among the Barotsi, who have been be a most critical time in the Kongo. rather dependent upon the French New European trading companies are missionaries, by testing their spiritual coming in with the consequent evil strength and faith. moral influences,. aQd many changes are going on. The country is being From the Kongo the missionaries rapidly flooded with Belgian Catholic of the Regions Beyond Missionary priests, tho the people at heart do not Union report that the dancing craze, want them and prefer Protestant mis- which is nothing but a revival of heasionaries and the Protestant faith. thenism, has recently swept the disvVith the exception of a very small trict of Bosanla like a prairie fire and English mission, there is no Protes- destroyed the new desire in the heart tant work within 300 miles in any di- of many an inquiring lad. Together rection from the Presbyterian. Yet with the dancing goes almost always the stations of the Presbyterian Mis- the gambling. sion are not sufficiently supplied with workers, and they are without a phy- Rejoicings in Natal sician since last spring, the nearest physician being 900 miles distant. T HE most notable event in SoutH The mission shows a native member- African mission life during the ship of upward of 8,000, a Sunday- past year has been the celebration of school attendance of over 8,000, and the 75th anniversary of the coming a day-school attendance of over 9,000. of the Gospel to the Zulus. A jubilee convocation of twelve days' duration SOUTH AFRICA was held in Durban, Natal. There were united native Christian conven- Failure to Secure Church Union tions for the deepening of the spiritual life; also exhibitions of the products REV. DAVID RUSSELL, of Jo- of industrial education; harnesHnak- hannesburg, in America six ing, shoe-making, carpentry, tailormonths as member of one of the Men ing, pottery, and the fabrication of and Religion Forward Movement an admirable rustic furniture from teams, reports that American Meth- "monkey rope." Sixty thousand black odists and Congregationalists, Scotch church-members, representing a Chris- Presbyterians, and Baptists of South tian community of fully 200,000, pre- Africa tried to effect organic union in sented an address to the governorvain. Both Methodists and Presby- general. terians bolted, and so while here the evangelist, famous throughout South A Heathen Revival, Madagascar Africa as a missioner, will study the Federal Council of Churches, to see if IN the latest report of the London it may be the federated plan South Missionary Society, some particu- Africa bodies stand in need of. lars are given of the heathen revival of I909-IO, in the Betsileo province of A Revival of Heathenism Madagascar. This was an epidemic known as the "dancing mania." T HE annual report of the Paris Drink, immorality, superstition, witch- Missionary Society calls atten- craft, and imitative hysteria each had tion to a strong revival of heathenism its part in the movement. "Under its among the Barotsi, a tribe in Rhode- influence many persons of all ages sia, north of the Zambesi. One of its danced around their ancestral tombs, most peculiar signs is the great in- wandered about the moors with eyes crease of suicides. The missionaries holden as in sleep, lay down in declare that they are glad of the streams or in rivers, climbed up seemenemy once more coming into the ingly inaccessible heights, crawled open, because they can thus easier along housetops, and otherwise confight him. They also think that it ducted themselves in demented ways will be helpful to native Christians of extreme folIy and audacity. Many lost their lives by these things.

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AMERICA came under the influence of the Big Brothers in New York City, and of Federal Council of the Churches of this number only 90, or less than 4 per cent., had again got into trouble so as Christ in America to be brought a second time before the court. Of the total number, 1,208 AMONG the immediate and recent boys were cared for by members of activities of the Council the most the Movement in I9IO; 840 more noteworthy is the Commission on the were boys who were arraigned in the Church and Social Service. It has Children's Court la,st year on various permanently organized its work and charges; I47 were turned Over to the opened its offices in association with Big Brothers by institutions, and those of the Federal Council. Several 1,202 applied at the office of the moveinterdenominational conferences have ment for advice or to seek employbeen held under its auspices, and it ment. was instrumental in making Labor Sunday widely observed. Of other The World in Cincinnati committees we mention those on home missions, on temperance, and A GREAT missionary exposition is on family life. Into the hands of the to be held in Cincinnati from latter has been placed the important March 9 to April 6. Rev. A. M. Garwork of the Inter-Church Conference diner, who managed similar exposion Marriage and Divorce. A pro- tions in London and in Boston (April visional commission on peace and ar- 24-May 20, 1911) with striking sucbitration has also been appointed, and cess, is secretary of "The World in it is stated that a campaign is now Cincinnati," and the pastors and under way for the support of the Christian leaders of Cincinnati and pending arbitration treaties. neighborhood, are greatly interested in the extensive preparations which The work of the council is large are being made. An army of at least and important. five thousand stewards, men and wo- men, young and old, will be required What the Every-member Canvass Did as the staff of the exposition to man- age the visitors, to explain the ex- IN 1906 to foreign missions in $432; hibits, and to act as general interpre- in 1910 an increase to $4,306: This ters and guides. A Pageant of Darkis the remarkable record of Memorial ness and Light, like those in London Church, South, Lynchburg, Va.: and Boston, will be reproduced every afternoon and evening. 1906 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. $432 .50 1907 …………… 1,145.00 An Unpleasant Revenue Report 1908 ……. , ……. 1,868.88 1909 …………… 3,500.00 THE report of the Commissioner of 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4,306.00 Internal Revenue for I91 I is a This year they had a more thorough document not at all encouraging to and efficient organization, and more those who hope for the deliverance of people contributed than ever before. our nation from its slavery to drink They finished up the work this year and drugs. The past year has in about ten days. The other interests brought the largest production of disof the church, both financial and spir- tilled spirits ever known in the hisitual, show great advance. Even the tory of the United States. The depastor's salary was voluntarily m- cline in manufacture and use of a creased. few years ago, which seemed so en- couraging to many, has now been The Big Brothers' Movement wiped out, and former high records have been exceeded by seven million T HE Big Brothers' Movement, in gallons. One hundred and seventy- the United States, exists to benefit juvenile offenders. Last year some 2,195 boys, nearly all of whom had appeared in the Children's Court,

five million gallons of whisky and vice-president since 1903. At the like liquors were distilled within the present time he is chairman of the limits of the United States from July important Committee on Auxiliaries. I, 1910, to June 30, 1911, nineteen millions more than in 19IO, seven mil- Mr. Wood was born in New York lions more than in 1907. The produc- in 1839, and is chairman of "The tion of beer and ale increased simi- l'ive Years' Meeting of the Religious larly. Two thousand million gallons Society of Friends in America," of all kinds of liquor were with- which represents all the orthodox drawn from the government ware- Quakers in the United States and houses for consumption, which means Canada, excepting those in Philadel- that 22.29 gallons per capita were sold phia. Prominent in reform work, as and drunk. In 1907 the per capita in religious work, having extensively was 22.28, and 1907 was the year of traveled, and being well acquainted the previous record. with the work of missions in foreign lands, Mr. Wood is well suited for The commissioner reports also that the responsible office to which he has opium-smoking is on the increase, and been chosen. that opium dens are multiplying. He also complains of the tremendous vio- Dr. Barbour Resigns lation of the oleomargarine law. The whole report may well be styled an AT the quarterly meeting of the unpleasant document. Board of Managers of the Amer- ican Baptist Foreign Missionary So- THEA Shameful Case of Disunity ciety, the resignation of its foreign American Missionary gives secretary, Rev. Thomas S. Barbour, this as a well-authenticated fact: D.D., was reluctantly accepted. It The churches in the town of X, will take effect not later than May I, with the roughly estimated member- 1912, at which time Dr. Barbour will ship of each, are as follows: have rounded out thirteen years of efficient and effective service with the About great Baptist Society. His failing Methodist Episcopal. . . . .. 400 health makes it imperative that he Presbyterian . . . . . . . . . . . .. 300 should lay down the full and arduous Baptist …………….. 200 cluties of his responsible office. His Congregational ………. 200 retirement means a severe loss to the Disciple. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 cause of missions. Episcopal …………… 50 Roman Catholic ……… 30 A Deplorable Situation Nazarene …………… 50 Free Methodist. . . . . . . . . . 50 T HE regular meeting of the execu- Seventh-day Adventist . . . . 20 tive committee of the Board of Christian Scientist (First) . 30 Missions of the Protestant Episcopal Ch ristian Scientist (2nd). . 10 Church in the United States was held Spiritualist …………. 25 on November 14. Progressive Dunkard….. 30 Other Dunkard, or Brethren 20 It then found the financial situation Millennial Dawn ……… 10 far from reassuring. The offer- ings from congregations during Sep- Total ……………… 1,575 tember and October were $IO,OOO less than the amount received during New President of the American Bible the same months in 1910. The re- ceipts for the two months were only Society $52,000, but the disbursements to meet the board's appropriations to- M R. J AMES WOOD has been taled $226,000. Already $260,000 of elected president of the Ameri- the reserve deposits have been called can Bible Society, of which he has upon to meet obligations, including been a manager since 18g6, and a the deficit of $I72POO carried over

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from last year, and the committee was to enable him to make the trip. Thus obliged to authorize further drafts these Japanese Christians showed against them in case of need before their affection and appreciation, and the next meeting. Never before in also their progressiveness. . After a the history of the board have these brief visit in New York, Mr. Uemura deposits been so largely drawn upon sailed for Palestine on December 16. so early in the year, and the treasurer is a little uneasy with reference to A Japanese Editor in America January and February payments. May the Lord open the hearts and treas- M R. MASAHISA DEMURA, who uries of the friends of this extensive has been for a few weeks on a and blest work. mission of evangelism to his country- men on the Pacific Coast, is one of the For Moslem Mi58ions most distinguished products of Pres- byterian missions in Japan. Leaving A LARGE and distinguished com- a position as professor in Meiji Ga- pany of guests gathered at the kuin to establish a theological school home of Mr. and Mrs. Eben E. Olcott, in Tokyo, he at the same time estabof New York, recently, in the interest lished The Gospel News, a most virile of work among the Mohammedans, and ably edited Christian weekly and especially in reference to the journal, which has an immense inwork of the "Nile Press," which has fluence in shaping the church. Dr. been established at Cairo for the pur- Demura has been moderator of the pose of providing a suitable literature national synod, and for years was for use throughout the Moslem world. chairman of the board of home mis- Several strong addresses were made. sions in the Church of Christ in Dr. Charles R. Watson, secretary of Japan; while at the same time ministhe Foreign Mission Board of the tering to a large church in the impe- United Presbyterian Church, de- rial capital, with an audience comscribed the opportunities now pre- posed very largely of business and sented in the Turkish dominions and professional men. Such men as Dr. the special benefit of the wide distri- Demura are the hope of the self-supbution of Christian literature. Mrs. porting, self-propagating church not S. M. Zwemer, who has recently re- only in Japan, but in all our mission turned to this country to care for her fie1ds.-The Continent. children, gave many instances of the good wrought by the distribution of The Gospel in Guatemala tracts and books already issued by the Nile Press. And Dr. Robert E. Speer D R. STANLEY WHITE, of the gave a masterly generalization of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign conditions among Moslems and their Missions, visited Guatemala during claims upon Christians. his recent trip to Central America, and says that education and religious Prominent Japanese Pastor in New York liberty have made much progress since the Roman Catholic Church has REV. M. UEMURA, pastor of the been dethroned as an ecclesiastical Fugimicho Church, Tokyo, Japan, power. The old monasteries and conreached New York in the beginning vents, which were confiscated by the of December. He is one of Japan's Government, have been turned into most learned men and a strong pillar public schools and modernized, so far in the Japanese Church of Christ. as possible. Education has been made Thirty years ago he was installed pas~ compulsory, and the teaching of Engtor of his congregation, and in cele- lish for at least two years is now rebration of the anniversary his people quired in the schools. Military, athpresented him with a large purse to letic, and industrial institutions for cover the expense of a trip. to Pales- students have been established, but tine and with a vacation long enough alas! the whole work of education is

somewhat hampered by the lack of Conditions in Panama Canal Zone well-equipped teachers. ENCOURAGING word regarding However, there is danger at the religious conditions among the present time in Guatemala, because American white population comes the people have lost faith in the ecclesi- from the Panama Canal Zone. At astical organization which in the past every important town on the route has been dominant. The Roman Cath- there is a well-established Y. M. C. A. olic churches are often sadly out of The buildings are large and equipped repair and grossly neglected. Purity with offices, reading-rooms, auditoriof life and conduct are not much um, amusement and exercise rooms, coupled with religion. There is there- and baths. Chapels are also erected fore special need for positive preach- and equipped for religious worship all ing of the Gospel in Guatemala at along the line, religious services being present. The Presbyterian mission conducted regularly by the chaplains consists of two stations, Guatemala of the commission. There are union City and Quezaltenango. There are services for all Protestants, which are five missionaries on the field, and two quite well attended. Four of the under appointment. Three native chaplains are Roman Catholic priests workers have charge of five or six and look after their members. There outstations. A paper, published in are Protestant Sunday-schools in Spanish, is widely distributed and ex- every village, and in some of these all erts a strong evangelistic influence. the school children are members. Re- Yet there is much room for more cently a Sunday-school convention work. was held. Every school in the zone was represented, and the Governor of A Christianized Indian Tribe the zone and the judge of the Supreme Court made evangelical and strong T HE Haida live upon the Queen addresses. Charlotte Islands, south of Alaska. Once the tribe was more feared The Gospel in tIle Basin of the Amazon than almost any other Indian tribe of the north, and whenever its war-canoes T HE basin of the Amazon is little were reported to have started from known, tho it occupies two-fifths the islands, the Indians living near of South America, and tho the waterthe coast of the continent fled into the ways of the Amazon, and its tribuforests. To-day the power of the Gos- taries amount to 31,000 miles. At pel has wonderfully changed these one place the river is fully 25 miles wild warriors. The missionaries set- wide. tled among them, and after many years of faithful labors the whole tribe Some months ago the agent of the has been Christianized. In Masset, British and Foreign Bible Society at where the Haida chiefly live, the Buenos Ayres started to reach the church services are well attended, and town of Manaos, which is situated men and women pay fine attention to about a thousand miles up the Amathe sermon, and to the singing of the zon River, and is the capital and centrained choir, composed of members ter of the large state of Amazonas. of their own tribe, and accompanied While the town is in many ways a by a talented Haida organist. Fifty modern town, lighted with electricity, years ago these people hated the In- and provided with good electric streetdian tribes upon the Continent. Now car service, it is not well drained, and the Gospel has taught them to love the sanitary conditions are bad. No their enemies, and when the mission earnest efforts are made to destroy buildings in Aiyansk, upon the Con- the mosquitos which c-arry disease, estinent, were consumed by fire, a short pecially yellow fever, because, as one time ago, Christian Haida women, tho of the officials said recently, "Yellow very poor, contributed twenty dollars fever does not trouble us, and if fortoward their rebuilding. eigners can not live here, let them die.

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Vhy go to any expense?" There are Temperance in the British Army several Protestant clergymen in the city. Of these the Presbyterian min- IT is an interesting story told by the ister has been trying to circulate the Rev. Joseph H. Bateson, chaplain in Scriptures among the inhabitants, the British army in India. In 1888, he who are almost unacquainted with says, "this army was described as a their contents. He made arrange- 'national school for intemperance'; ments with the representative of the but under Lord Roberts's leadership British and Foreign Bible Society to it became known as a national school keep a stock of Bibles and Testaments for temperance. Out of 64,000 men in his house, until a colporteur can be wearing the king's uniform in India sent to reside there. Thus the Word we now have 31,000 total abstainers. of God is entering these almost for- Lord Roberts brought this about by gotten regions. making the temperance room of the barracks more attractive than the can- The Evangelical Union of South America teen. And when he did that the backbone of the canteen was broken." T HE Evangelical Union of South America has been organized in THE CONTINENT London. It is a new society in name and administration only, but not in England to Evangelize France? personnel, and it expects to consolidate the South American Evangelical CONSIDERABLE interest and en- Mission, and the South American in- thusiasm are being stirred up in terests of the regions beyond mission- England over plans to seriously un· ary union. The latter has been carry- dertake the evangelization of France. ing on work in Peru and Argentine, Within the borders of our sister rethe former in Brazil and Argentine. public there are some 40,000,000. Of Thus the consolidation will give the this number, Pastor Hocart has renew union a total staff of 43 foreign cently said no more than 4,000,000 workers. Among those who are can be regarded as real members of named as promoters of the Evangeli- the Roman Catholic Church. There cal Union of South America, we ob- are about 600,000 Protestants in the country. It will be seen, therefore, serve Revs. Campbell Morgan and J. what great need there is for some definite advance if France is to be- Stuart Holden of London, Dr. J. H. come in any sense a Christian country. Jowett of New York, Dr. Len This work is being done in some meas- Broughton of Atlanta, Ga., and Rev. by the McAll Mission, but these agen- George Smith of Toronto. The Lon- cies are not equal to the needs of the don headquarters are at 8 and 9 Essex work.

Street. Strand, W. c., England. The German Emperor on Alcohol EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN T HIS potentate has recently said over his signature: "I know very A Bishop on Christian Unity well that the pleasure of drinking is an old heritage of the Germans. How- T HE Bishop of Hereford, who has ever, we must henceforth, in every already done much for Christian connection through self-discipline, free Union, in his address to the Hereford ourselves from this evil. I can assure Diocesan Conference, boldly affirmed you that I, in my twenty-two-year that the wise policy of churchmen reign, have made the observation that toward their nonconformist neighbors the greater number of criminal cases is "to revert to the pre-Tractarian re- submitted to me for adjudication, up lationship of our Church with other to nine-tenths, are traceable to the Protestant bodies." His conviction is consequences of alcohol." that nonconformists should be treated as Christian brethren, even by welcoming them to share in the Holy Communion.

Women's Work for Women academical education was held in Ber- lin in the hall of the Berlin Mission- T NE:.JTY thousand Christian wo- ary Society. It was held under the men are organized in Germany joint auspices of the German Layinto women's aid leagues. Annually men's Missionary Movement, the Ber- 2,000,000 marks ($5°0,000) are raised lin and the Gassner Missionary Sofor their work, which consists in vol- ciety, and the Northeast German untary nursing, helping neighbors in Missionary Conference. Among the emergencies at titne of death or of speakers and lecturers were some of birth, cooperating in church work, in the leading missionary writers and Sunday-school instruction, and in a workers of Germany, and all the fields great variety of charitable and relig- of German missionary activity were ious effort. Nearly 700 women hav~ discust. It is expected, and rightly, taken the twelve weeks' course of' that the teachers, thus instructed and training for voluntary relief helpers. interested in the cause of missions, will exert much favorable influence Work for Women Students upon the youth under their instruc- tion. THE foyers, or centers for women students, in European universi- The Los von Rome Movement. ties are developing steadily. Paris has one such for French girls at the , 'ACCORDING to the official fig- Sorbonne, and the British and Amer- ures submitted to two denomiican Student Hostel in the same city touches the life of more than 2.000 nations, the number of conversions to young women. Another has been Protestantism in Austria numbered started in the University of Sophia last year 5,190, or 8 I 3 more than in (Bulgaria) as a result of the recent the previous year. The total number Constantinople Student Congress. of conversions registered during the There is also a Christian Association thirteen years of the movement is Center for women in the University 60,744. Most of the conversions have of Naples and a foyer for Russian taken place in lower Austria, whose women students in St. Petersburg. capital, Vienna, now numbers 76,721 Protestants; in Styria, where, thirteen Mission Study Urged years ago, only nine Protestant pas- tors were at work, and where now 31 IN accordance with the recommend- are in full employment, and in the ation of the International Mission German areas of Bohemia. During Study Conference held at Lunteren, the past year 2,009 men, 1,901 women Holland, in September, 1911 (see and 785 children were registered as MISSIONARY REVIEW, 19 11 , p. 943), having sundered their connes::tion with the executive committee of the Ger- Rome."-London Christian World. man Evangelical Missions decided at its meeting of October 19 to empha- Rome and Mixed Marriages size the missionary instruction of the youth to a larger extent than before, A ROMAN Catholic paper of New and a committee for the furtherance York City, says that the fight of the study of missions among the of the Roman Catholic Church youth has been founded. It shall be against mixed marriages of Roman Its duty to provide suitable literature Catholics and Protestants is a fight for missionary study classes and for her life. Statistics in Holland hours, and the well-known Dr. Julius ,how that out of 3,320 children who Richter has been given the responsible had a Protestant mother and a Cathtask of organizing the committee and olic father, 1,747 became Protestants, setting its members to work. 1,312 Catholics, and 376 had no re- ligion; out of 3,455 children who had At about the same time when this a Catholic mother and a Protescommittee was founded, a missionary tant father, 1,242 became Protestants, study course for teachers having an

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

1,851 Catholics, and 362 had no re- where, and if not setting grog anti ligion; but of 61,047 children whose kidnapping they are trying to buy parents were both Catholics, 61,017 girls for prostitution."-C. M. S. Reremained in the faith of their parents, view. and only thirty lapsed! The Rhenish Society in the Dutch East ISLANDS Indie. Progress Among the Bataks in Sumatra T vVO fields where missionaries of DIRECTOR SPIEKER, of the the Rhenish Missionary Society Rhenish Missionary Society, is are laboring can celebrate jubilees inspecting the work of that society in this year. The work among the Bathe Dutch East Indies. His reports taks upon Sumatra can celebrate its are full of encouragement, especially fiftieth, and the work upon Borneo its so far as they refer to the work among seventy-fifth anniversary. The work the heathen Bataks in Sumatra. upon Sumatra is the child of that Wherever he went upon his tour, upon Borneo, for it was started by thousands of heathen and Christian the Rhenish missionaries who were natives came to greet him. The forced to flee from the fury of the rechurches were crowded to the utter- bellious Dajaks in 1859, and selected most and thousands had often to sit Sumatra as their new place of labor, outside, being unable to gain admit- in r86r. But the child is far stronger tance. One day Mr. Spieker held a than the parent to-day, for Sumatra service upon the mountains near SiIin- contains to-day more than IOO,OOO clung-, and when he looked down the native Christians, while Borneo has mountain side it was black with men only a few more than 3,000. Sumatra and women. At missionary gather- is to-day the place for conversions ings the delivery of the free-will of- en masse, while Borneo has but few ferings often took hours. individual conversions annually. In Sumatra a Christian church of Ba- Gospel Gains Among Cannibals taks is in the process of formation, but in Borneo individual native Chris- LETTERS from Bishop Cecil Wil- tians and small congregations con- son appear in the Southern Cross tinue to have a hard struggle.· But Log for October. vVriting from San- the work in Borneo is far more diffita Cruz on June 16, he says he had cult, humanly speaking, than that in consecrated a church at Nukapu, the Sumatra. Dorneo is an island with a island where Bishop Patteson was small population scattered over a wide murdered, on the day before, a few territory, and this population is mixed months less than forty years since with. yea overrun, by a far larger the murder. All the islanders now number of Mohammedan Malays. The are either Christians, catechumens or heathenism of Borneo is very immoral hearers. The sister of the bishop's and most enervating. Large districts murderer has lately been baptized. are entirely under the power of Islam Bishop Wilson sends a melancholy re- and closecl to every Christian effort. port of the state of things in New And the Dajaks prefer to run about Hebrides: "The French are kidnap- in the forests, so that it is most diffiping, selling grog without restraint cult to reach them or to get the chilfrom the comissioner, and the British dren into the missionary schools. traders are in some cases doing the Thus, when we consider the tremensame. There is no justice to the na- dous difficulties of the work in Bortives at the hands of the French au- neo, we must confess that three thouthorities. The natives are at the sand converts in seventy-five years is mercy of the worst kind of white mnch blest fruit of earnest labor in scoundrels. These latter are every- a difficult field.

News from the New Hebrides associate editor of this REVIEW for the past· twenty-one years, and has T HE past year has seen another proved a devoted and valued helper in hospital added to the kindred in- many lines of missionary work. He stitutions in the New Hebrides in the was born in Philadelphia in 1831, and· shape of the "John G. Paton Memo- went to India in 1861, where he la- rial Hospital," at Port Vila. The bored as a missionary of the Method- work was commenced in June, 1910, ist Episcopal Church for seven years. and so pushed on in spite of the diffi- A full sketch of his life will appear in culties, and the scarcity of native a subsequent number of the REVIEW. labor, that it was opened in January, Dr. Gracey leaves two daughters and 1911. It occupies a healthy site on a son, with a host of friends to rise up Iririki, an island in the harbor of Port and call him blest. The funeral Vila, and has accommodations for ten services were conducted at Clifton European and twenty native patients. Springs, N. Y., on January 7th, and Thus a worthy memorial of John G. the body was laid away in the cemetery Paton stands in the capital of the New there beside that of his beloved wife. Hebrides in commemoration of his work in these islands. The number George B. Smyth of China of in-patients treated in the hospital in 19II has been 1I4 (16 Europeans), REV. GEORGE B. SMYTH, D.D., while the outdoor patients numbered missionary of the Methodist Epis- 912. The Margaret Whitecross Pa- copal Church in Fuchau, China, ton Memorial Church at Vila says in from 1882 to 1899, and Field Secreits annual report that its services on tary 1900, to 1910, first of the Mis- Sunday morning, which are intended sionary Society, and then of the primarily for the Europeans resident Board of Foreign Missions, died in in Vila, have been well attended, and Berkeley, California, Thursday, Dethat the different departments of work cember 14th. He rendered valuable among the natives have been success- service as President of the Anglo-Chifully carried on. nese College at Fuchau, and later as Field Secretary of the Methodist Epis- The services for natives which used copal Missionary Society. to be held on the plantations had to be suspended, however, because a Dr. Elmore Harris, of Toronto number of planters objected to religious services being held among their W ORD has just reached us of the indentured labor? Thus the necessity death of Rev. Elmore Harris, of a house built beside the church is D.D., of smallpox, at Delhi, India, becoming- apparent. A n efficient na- Monday, December 18, IgII. Accomtive teacher could live in it, take care panied by his second wife, a bride of of church and grounds, and have more a few months, and his youngest son, frequent services and classes for na- Erdman, Dr. Harris was making a tives in the church. tour of the mission fields.

OBITUARY NOTES Dr. Harris was a man of wealth, which he used liberally for the spread A Dr. John T. Gracey of the Gospel, supporting several for- FTER a lingering illness of seven eign missionaries and making large years, Rev. John Talbot Gracey, gifts to other causes. After a suc- D.D., president of the International cessful career as pastor at St. Thomas Missionary Union, died at his home in and Toronto, he founded the Toronto Clifton Springs, N. Y., on Friday, Bible Training School, of which he January 5, 1812, at the ripe age of was president. Dr. Harris's death ~ighty years. Dr, Gracey has be~n an caused a great sense of loss to Chr:is- tians of all denominations. AND MISSION LANDS HALF A CENTURY IN CHINA. By the Ven- strong sense of responsibility to God, erable Arthur E. Maule, B.D. Illustrations and map. 8vo, 343 pp. 7s. 6d. Hod- and a vision of eternal things.

der & Stoughton, London, Toronto, New A GLIMPSE OF THE HEART OF CHINA. By York,I9 1 1. Edward C. Perkins, M.D. Illustrated.

Archdeacon Moule has been fifty 12mO, 95 pp. 60 cents, net. Fleming H. years in China as a missionary of the Revell Co., 1911.

Church Missionary Society. He is a Some "glimpses" are worth while, careful observer, and a thoughtful and this is one of them. It gives a writer, and gives, as a result of his ex- picture of the self-sacrificing work of perience and study, a pen picture of a Christian Chinese woman doctor, many incidents in his life, and makes Mary Stone, of Kiukiang, a city near a strong appeal for the preservation Hankow. Dr. Stone has a hospital of all that is good and true in Chinese and dispensary, with twenty Chinese character, customs and history. He nurses trained by herself. This story advocates the union and unity of gives a true picture of some things Christendom. that Christianity is doing for China Archdeacon Moule describes graph- and the Chinese through those who ically the changes seen in China in have been converted and trained by half a century, tells the dramatic story Christian teachers.

of the Tai Ping rebellion, and its con- THE INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF MISSIONS. sequences; narrates many interesting stories, legends and facts about the Edited by J. H. Oldham. $2.00 a year.

Published quarterly. 75 cents a number.

Chinese, tells of the cities in which he 100 Princess St., Edinburgh, and 156 has lived and where he has visited, Fifth Ave., New York, I9f2.

gives a forceful chapter on the mis- The first number of the quarterly sionary and his message in China, and issued under the auspices of the Con- another on the influence of modern ed- tinuation Committee of the Edinburgh ucation and literature. Conference has been eagerly awaited.

In his "Retrospect and Prospect," It is a solid and valuable review, well Archdeacon Moule calls attention to planned to meet the need of a scien- the fact that this ancient country and tific missionary magazine for students people have few monuments and and experts. Most of the articles are buildings of the past. Many of the too long and too technical for the gen- ancient records have only a limited eral reader, or even for pastors and historic value. The country and peo- laymen, but the articles are by the best ple have, however, been remarkably missionary experts, and deal with stable for centuries, and this in itself topics of importance and timely inter- is a sign of strength and an asset of est. In this first number Dr. John R.

value. Archdeacon Moule wrote be- Mott writes of "The Continuation fore the present rebellion, but had dis- Committee" and its work. Dr. Tohan- cerned many symptoms of decay that nes Warneck contributes the fi~st pa- he believed indicates the coming disso- per on "The Growth of the Church in lution or transformation. He does the Mission Field-I. Among the Ba- not believe that a representative gov- taks." The Hon. James Bryce gives ernment will remedy the political his "Impressions of a Traveler Among weakness and corruption. Reform, Non-Christian Races," and President however, has long been needed, and Harada, of the Doshisha, describes must come. The greatest need, how- "The Present Position of Christianity ever. is Christian education, with a in Japan." The notes on recent periodicals describes some current papers, tent with more than surface knowland the bibliography of recent books edge. Dr. Ross acknowledges that is especially full-including Continen- missionaries make mistakes, but he tal publications. also sees that they have problems, and that they have been used to We have at last a quarterly for work miracles in changing Chinese which many have been wishing-one thought and customs. He sees in the devoted entirely to the deeper study present thirst for Vestern knowledge of missionary problems and progress. a golden opportunity for missionary It seems almost too much to hope that schools and colleges. it will become self-supporting, but it is worthy of life anel we would like to The volume is well written, attracsee it combined with The East and tively published and copiously illusthe liVest of the S. P. G., since the trated. It will present a valuable side character and aim of the two quar- light for any study of China and the terlies are very similar. Mr. Oldham, Chinese. the eelitor, shows fine Christian spirit, and a comprehensive grasp of mission- ACROSS CHIN A ON FOOT. By Edwin J. Dinary ideals in his copious editorial gle. Illustrated. 8vo, 446 pp. $3.50, net. notes. Henry Holt & Co., New' York, 19II. THE CHANGING CHINESE. By Edward Als- worth Ross. Illustrated. 8vo, 356 pp. Mr. Dingle is a young journalist, $2-40, net. The Century Co., New York, who made the l,soo-mile journey 1911. across China from Shanghai to the Burman frontier in 1909-10. He This interesting and illuminating studied the people and the reform volume is not by a missionary, or a movement, so that his account is of resident of China, but hy a student especial interest at this time. Perwho came in contact with the Chinese sonal adventures and observations are chiefly during seven years as pro- well told in good journalistic style. fessor at Leland Stanford University While Mr. Dingle speaks more of the in California. Professor Ross writes social and political reform movements as a sociologist, who seeks to interpret than of religion and missionaries, he the social and political phases of Chi- speaks well of the latter, and distinnese character and life. The author guishes between the work of Roman traces the backwardness of China, not Catholic and Protestants. He preto political, educational, commercial, dicts the time when there "shall be or religious causes, but to social cus- proclaimed in China a Christianity toms and traits. He believes that the pure and simple, freed from all Chinese are different from Occiden- entangling alliances, a Christianity tals, not so much because of race as which shall not have been eclipsed in from environment and habit. The any age of the world's history." solidarity of the Chinese family, he believes, to be a cause of weakness, CALVIN WILSON MATEER. By Daniel W. not of strength, and is strongly op- Fisher, 12mo. Illustrated. 342 pp. $1.50, posed to an open door to Chinese net. The WestrnlTIster Press, Philadel- labor in California, because of the phia, 1911. readiness of Chinese coolies to live without regard to morals or hygiene. This volume has already had an ex- tensive notice in our November num- The book offers fresh and valuable ber. It is a simple, straightforward material for study. Everything in it account of a veteran Presbyterian is related to the Chinese themselves. missionary who labored for forty-five The chapter on Christianity in China years in Shantung, China. Dr. Mateer gives a ringing testimony to the trans- was a strong, steady, constructive forming power of Christ when His worker, who taught, translated, gospel is truly preached and exempli- preached, and in many other ways fied, so that the Chinese grasp its con- served the Chinese. The storv of his life is interesting and stimulating.

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION

HUDSON TAYLOR'S CHOICE SAYINGS. COI11- are signs of the breaking down of the wall of Moslem antagonism to piled frol11 his writings and addresses by Christianity, many are deserting Mo- hammed for Christ, and the Church D. E. Hoste. China Inland Mission, 19I1. at home is praying and working for 0'£ Hudson Taylor was one the Moslem world as never before. tl~e In the missionary study classes in America alone over 5,000 text-books, great men of his day-great III hIs "The Moslem World," are being studied. Dr. Zwemer concludes his grasp of God's truth, and in his faith able paper by saying: "As our eyes sweep the horizon of all these lands and fellowship with God. He had sa- dominated or imperiled by this great rival faith, each seems to stand out as gacity and insight, .detern:ination a~d typical of one of the factors in our great problem. direction. His chOlce saymgs contam Morocco is typical of the degradation of a wealth of wisdom on practical mat- Islam; ters of faith and conduct in spiritual Persia of its disintegration; Arabia of its stagnation; things that are of unique value to Egypt of its attempted reformation. China shows the neglect of Islam. Christians of all creeds. These Java gives an instance of the conversion, I ndia presents the opportunity, "Choice Sayings" are topically ar- Central Africa the peril of Islam.

ranged and are worthy of transmuting "The supreme need of the Moslem world is J eslts Christ. … We can do into life. nothing of ourselves; our sufficiency is of God." ISLAM AND MISSIONS. Edited by E. M. Wherry, S. M. Zwerner and C. G. Myl- IN THE SHADOW OF THE DRUM TOWER. By Laura Delany Garst. Illustrated. 121110, rea. Illustrated. 8vo, 298 pp. $1,50, net, 136 pp. Soc. Foreign Christian Mis- Fleming H. Revell Co., I9Il. sionary Society, Cincinnati, 191 l.

The Lucknow Conference was the The Drum Tower is in Nanking, second of missionaries to Moslems China, a place where mothers brought and marked another important mile- their children to die. The story tells stone in the progress of winning the of one child who was rescued with his mother, and became strong and Mohammedan world. This volume well in the hospital at Nanking. The contains the papers read at this con- main story relates to the work of Dr. ference in January, 19II, and they are and Mrs. Macklin, devoted lovers and important contributions by able men. earnest, faithful, self-denying work- Dr. Zwemer gives an introductory sur- ers in the Master's vineyard. This is a book that presents missionary work vey of the Moslem world, Dr. W. S. in the truest and best light. Nelson writes on Syria, Rev. F. Wiirz, Prof. Meinhoff, and Canon A MESSAGE FROM BATANG. By Z. S. Loftis, Sell on Africa, Prof. Crawford and M.D. Illustrated. r:~mo, 160 pp. 75 Mr. Trowbridge on Turkey, Dr. cents. Fleming H. Revell Co., New Young on Arabia, Rev. L. F. ~ssel­ York, 1911. styn on Persia, Dr. W. A. WIlson, Dr. Loftis, who wrote this diary, Canon Weitbrecht and Rev. John was a missionary of the Foreign Tackle on India, F. H. Rhodes. o~ Christian Missionary Society to Tibe- China, Rev. G. Simon and ~. Adnam tans. He journeyed across China and on Malaysia, and Col. Vvmgate on into Tibet, visited the great Litang Central Asia, Islam under pagan Monastery, and practised his medical art to relieve the Tibetans of sickrule is described by Dr. Watson, and under Christian rule by Rev. W. H. T.

Gairdner. Almost every paper shows a e~ear, comprehensive grasp of the subject, so that the series of addresses presents a panorama of the present conditi~:m of Islam and the progress of mIssions among Moslems throughout the world. .

Dr. Zwemer shows in his opemng survey that Islam is not dead but that when Islam reforms it ceases to be the religion of the prophet. There

ness, idolatry, ignorance, and super- gational churches, but for all friends stiti~JI1. He died of typhus and small- of missions. The general statistics pox, after a brief ministry, in the midst of his work of less than a year. for all societies are not as full as those The diary tells of many unique expe- published in the MISSIONARY REVIEW riences of travel, strange sights, doctoring the Chinese and Tibetans, and but the income reported is larger; preaching tours. It gives an inside $30,37~,489, including auxiliary, coview of many scenes in China to operatmg and independent societies. which only a doctor would be ad- NEW BOOKS mitted. THE CHINESE AT HOME. The Man of Tong A PATHFINDER IN SOUTH CENTRAL AFRICA. By Rev. Wm. Chapman. Illustrated. and His Land. By J. Dyer Ball. Illus- I2mo, 385 pp. 4S. '1. A. Hammond, trated, 8vo., 369 pp. $2.00, net. Flem- London, 19II. ing H. Revell Co., New York, 1911.

The Primitive Methodist Church OTHER SHEEP HAVE 1. By Harold Beghas a mission at Bula-Bologna in South Central Africa, and it is of this bie. George H. Doran Co., New York work that Mr. Chapman writes. His 1911. ' experience covers some 12 years, and in plain, simple fashion he tells of his TWILIGHT TALES OF THE BLACK BAGANDA. life and work, his adventures and convictions. The narrative is over full By Ruth B. Fisher. Cloth boards, 3S. 6d., of unimportant details, and its story net. Marshall Bros., Ltd., London, 1911. is of more interest to those who sup- YAKUSU: The Very Heart of Africa. By port this particular mission than to the general reader. It gives, how- H. Suttnn Smith. Embossed Cloth ever, a good picture of pioneer work boards, gilt, 6s., nct. Marshall Bros., in a far-away African mission sta- Ltd., London, I9Il. tion-a work full of trial and difficulty, but fruitful. THE CHURCH OF THE OPEN COUNTRY. By Warren H. Wilson. Cloth, 50 cents; pa- THE HAPPIEST GIRL IN KOREA. By Miner- per, 35 cents; postage, 8 cents extra. Mis- va Z. Guthapiel. Illustrated. I2mO, I06 sionary Education Movement, 156 Fifth pp. 60 cents. Fleming H. Revell Co., Ave., New York, 1911. I9Il. THE SOCIAL WORK OF CHRISTIAN MISSIONS. These little stories from missionary experience in Korea go straight to By Alva W. Taylor. 12mo, 265 pp. the heart. They are full of pathos $1.00. The Foreign Christian Misand human interest, of inspiration sionary Society, Cincinnati, 1911. without moralizing. They give an unusually graphic picture of what the LIFE IN THE MOSLEM EAST. By Pierre missionaries see and do, and show Ponafidine. $4.00, net. Dodd, Mead & why they love the Koreans and choose Co., New York, 1911. to live among them, in spite of the difficulties and hardships connected ISLAM AND MISSIONS. Being papers read with missionary life. The stories will interest and bless any sympa- at the Second Missionary Con- ference on Behalf of the Mohammethetic reader. dan World, at Lucknow, January 23- THE AMERICAN BOARD ALMANAC, 1912. IO 28, 1911. Edited by E. M. Wherry, cents. Boston. D.D., S. M. Zwemer, D.D., C. G. Mylrea, M.A. Illustrated, 12mo, 298. This compendium of the work of $1.50, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., the American Board is always a wel- New York. 1911. come friend. It is well illustrated and contains many useful facts not only SITA. A Story of Child-Marriage Fetters. for those connected with the Congre- By Olivia A. Baldwin, M.D. 12mo 353 pp. $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York. 1911.

A PATHFINDER IN SOUTH-CENTRAL AFRICA.

A Story of Pioneer Missionary Work and Adventure. By Rev. William Chapman. Illustrated, 12mo, 385 pp. W. A. Hammond, London. 1911.

CHINA AND THE GOSPEL. An Illustrated Report of the China Inland Mission, 1911. 8vo, 170 pp. China Inland Mission, Philadelphia and London. 1911.

THE CONQUEST OF THE CONTINENT. By Rev_ Hugh L. Burleson. Illustrated, 200 pp. Paper, 35 cents; cloth, 50 cents. The Educational Secretary, 281 Fourth Ave., New York. 1911.

The Missionary Review of the World — August 1910

GEORGE WILLIAMS' MEMORIAL Y. M. C. A. BUILDING

of the World VOL. XXXIII. No.8 AUGUST, 1910 VOL. XXIII. No.8 Old Series New Series SIGNS OF THE TIMES THE EDINBURGH CONFERENCE clergymen with non-conformists has awakened much severe criticism from We must postpone until our Sep- both sides. The delegates from the tember number a full report of the Society for the Propagation of the great World Missionary Conference, Gospel were severely arraigned by which met in Edinburgh June 14th to their own party because of their par- 23d. That report will deal with the ticipation in the conference. These outstanding features of this remarka- critics do not recognize the standing ble gathering, and will give many of of non-conformist clergy or the validthe brief but powerful utterances of ity of their sacraments and would give noted missionaries, native converts, no recognition to their work. They statesmen, scholars, pastors and of- favor union with the Church of ficers of missionary societies, as they Rome rather than with Protestants. spoke on the subjects assigned to the The delegates to the conference, howeight commissions, one of which was ever, Bishop Montgomery, the Bishop discust on each day of the confer- of Southwark and Surrey, the Bishop ence. of Birmingham, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Canon Robinson and This gathering of missionary ex- others, spoke in charitable, broadperts was a sign of the times in its minded and sympathetic spirit about evidence of the advance toward closer the work of other Protestants and sympathy and more united effort manifested a commendable spirit of among Christians in promoting the fellowship and a readiness to coop- Kingdom of God on earth. For the erate that surprized many of those first time in the history of such con- present. ferences the "High Church Party" of the Church of England sent delegates On the other hand, severe criticisms and joined in the discussions. Their have been exprest by members of the work in foreign missions is not as Church Missionary Society and other large and important, nor, perhaps, representatives of the evangelical paras distinctly evangelical, as that of ty of the Church of England and by many other divisions of the Church of many non-conformists because of the Christ; but their willingness to meet compromises agreed to and the ground on a common platform with "non- surrendered at the demand of the conformists" and their readiness to High Church party. These were: (I) recognize the work of other societies the exclusion of all consideration of is an encouraging step in advance. Christian work among Roman Catho- This ulllon of High Church lics, Greek Catholics, Copts, Arme- native converts express their convic- nians, Nestorians, Abyssinians and tions and hearts' desires and relate other Oriental Christians; (2) the pub- their experiences; they discust ideals, lication of the statistics of missionary methods of closer cooperation, of work carried on by Roman Catholics, nobler achievements, of more Christ- and (3) the expression in the confer- like service and considered plans for ence of views in sympathy with a more satisfactory relations with native closer union with the Church of and home governments.

Rome. On the continuation committee, One sign of the times in the con- also, which is to carryon the work of ference was in the sentiments most the conference and is to seek a realiza- approved and applauded. These were; tion of its ideals in comity and co- (I) An immediate attempt both to operation, there are two members of strengthen the present work and to the High Church party-the S. P. G. occupy the neglected fields; (2) a -tho no other society, not even the determination to train the Christian greatest of all, the C. M. S., has more Churches in non-Christian lands in than one representative on this com- self-support and self-government, and mittee. We do not sympathize with to put on them the responsibility for the sentiments exprest by the Bishop the evangelization of their fellow of Southwark and by Bishop Brent, in countrymen; (3) a loyalty to Christ as favor of closer union with the Roman the only begotten Son of God and the Church as at present constituted, or of only Savior of men; (4) a belief in a recognition of her missionary work, the Bible as the only adequate revela- but we think there is no occasion to tion of God to men and of the way of criticize the conference as a whole salvation; (5) the necessity of dis- when not more than four out of over tinctively Christian education in mis- three hundred addresses made any sion schools – including Christian mention of the papacy. We would all teachers and professors and Christian welcome such a reformation in the text-books; (6) a purpose to insist Roman Catholic doctrines and prac- that so-called Christian governments tises as would make union with shall not hinder the progress of the Protestants possible, but we see no gospel by forbidding missionary work present indication of such a reforma- in their jurisdiction by catering to tion. non-Christian leaders and customs, or The work of the Edinburgh con- by countenancing injustice, vice or ference was distinctly that of broaden- traffic in strong drink, opium or their ing horizons, deepening sympathies injurious drugs; (7) a strong desire and strengthening convictions. Men for more real union and closer co- and women of every Protestant Chris- operation in missionary work-includ- tian creed met together in friendly ing union presses, hospitals and educa- council; they each learned what the tional institutions, free interchange of others were doing, what God was ac- members and a division of territory complishing through them, where the with a view to economy of labor and field was over-supplied with workers, expense and greater efficiency in and where was the greatest need; they servIce.

heard world-renowned leaders and We look to the "Continuation Com-

SIGNS OF 1'Htt 1'IMES

mittee," of which John R. Mott is American family of nations. "We have reached a point when it is evichairman, and J. H. Oldham secretary, dent that the future holds in store a time when wars shall cease; when the to accomplish great things in more nations of the world shall realize a adequate world-wide evangelism, true federation as real and vital as that cooperation among Christian workers, now subsisting between the component arbitration in points of disagreement, parts of a single state; when, by destatesmanlike pressure brought to bear liberate international conjunction, the on governments, and a world-wide strong shall universally help the weak, union of prayer for missions. and when the corporate righteousness of the world shall compel unrighteous- A SINGULAR PARADOX ness to disappear and shall destroy the habitations of cruelty still lingering in One very striking sign of the times the dark places of the earth. This is is that we find organized militarism 'the spirit of the wide world brooding side by side with advocacy of arbitra- on things to come.' That day will be tion: A Peace Palace at the Hague, the millennium, of course." and Dreadnoughts in the navy yard! Never before have we known such LOWERING THE LEVEL OF THE costly and colossal preparations for MINISTRY armed conflict; never before such world-wide sentiment in favor of a Another deplorable tendency of the parliament of man for the settlement times is the secularization of the sacred of controversies. It seems a competi- calling, sinking the divine vocation of tion between ballots and bullets, to the gospel herald and ambassador for see which will win the day; and one Christ to the low plane of a trade or of the greatest reasons for confidence at best a learned profession. that peace measures will finally prevail is that war is getting so desperate- The big salaries so often nowadays ly expensive and destructive that no paid to the occupant of a metropolitan nation can afford it. Selfishness is pulpit, is one sign and cause of such becoming a protective factor in ar- degradation to a secular level; for, resting armed conflict and compelling when a congregation pays a preacher mankind to cultivate the beneficent so high a price, it is almost impossible art of peace. to disassociate from such large stipend the idea of a corresponding ownership THE PEACE OF THE WORLD on their part and obligation on his. There is a proneness to reckon such Secretary Knox, speaking on "The a minister as a hired servant, and Spirit and Purpose of American Di- dictate, if only indirectly and implomacy," declared that the most ac- pliedly, the terms of such service. tive sphere of such diplomacy is in Nothing sacrifices the unique charthe relations of the United States with acter and authority of the Christian the twenty other republics of the ministry more than to make prominent Western hemisphere, most of which the monetary and commercial side of are passing through an evolution simi- the relation between preacher and lar to that of the United States, and people. It is a historic fact that the the influence of the diplomacy of the virtue and valor of the sacred office United States could be traced to the development and welding of the Pan-

have been in proportion to its inde- trenchant words about "theological pendence of man, and its purity has adventurers and quacks, and foes generally been most conspicuous in within the Church, who, while oc- its poverty. It is a bad sign when cupying evangelical pulpits and chairs, God's ambassadors get rich; when the and enjoying their emoluments, preach preacher's business begins to draw, and teach what the bodies to which from worldly motives of gain. Then, they belong regard as heresy," brand- how naturally, unworthy candidates ing them as "dishonest pretenders who respond to the magnetic power of should leave the Church they dismoney and ambition! Somehow serv- honor." ice in the ministry seems inseparable from self-denial for Christ's sake. We These remarks "Dr. Parker's succesmust cultivate the divine side of our sor" regards as personal, and he apwork, and teach others how blest it is pears before the Union to ask exto "endure hardness as good soldiers plicitly if his withdrawal is desired. of Jesus Christ." AU appeals to enter No doubt this withdrawal is what most the ministry at home or the missionary of the members wish, and would have work abroad must emphasize the voted had the issue been boldly met. spiritual rather than the secular and But timidity and compromise evaded carnal, or we shall degrade the highest the issue, and partly from fear of a of callings to a lamentably low level. split, discussion was stifled by con- The multiplication of candidates is a fining all remarks to Mr. Campbell calamity if secured by the adultera- and the chairman, Rev. Sylvester tion of character. Horne, the former a master of the arts of the demagog, and the latter, THE RISK OF COMPROMISE having the acuteness and astuteness of the politician. The practical result was Another tendency of our time is that Dr. Forsyth had no strong backto purchase peace and outward union ing and Mr. Campbell has a sort of at the cost of silence and concession. tacit consent to go on his way and yet keep his standing in the Union. We have no little fear that the federation of Free Churches in Great We are not, consciously, advocates Britain is at present in peril of com- of controversy or uncharitableness. But promise for the sake of harmony. The at times a fair fight is the only right pastor of the City Temple, in London, and safe course. We know personally has rapidly run the race of liberalism the parties in this contest, and feel and, at times, come dangerously near strongly that a man who holds and to, what seems to many, verging on teaches what Mr. Campbell does, has blasphemy. Principal Forsyth, lead- no right place in a union of Evangeliingthe conservatives, has been dealing cal Congregationalists. Mr. Horne's daring blows at the new Theology, and reply, while conciliatory, was too the battle has waxed hot. These diplomatic and did not touch the real liberals, excluded from the Edinburgh heart of the matter. The battle must International Council in 1908 complain yet be fought to the finish. Dr. Forsyth of being practically shut out from the is not to be construed as a second platform and program of the Congre- Torqllemada, who would erect a new gational Union. Dr. Forsyth has used Inquisition; he feels more like an

OF THE

Athanasius, seeking to guard the and improvements, he sent back word deity of our Lord and the unity of that, on six working days he would our faith. Federation is good if it be at the King's service, at any hour, does not mean cowardly compromise day or night, but that as he kept one and silence in the presence of error. day in seven holy to the Lord, he could not work for any man tho he PEACE AND TRUTH were the king. Whereupon he got a new message from the King, saying, Daniel O'Connell used to say that "Quite right! Monday will do equally "no revolution is worth a drop of well." Even a king can respect a human blood," and so used "agitation" kingly conscience on a subject. in~tead. But far more is it a fact that no federation is worth an ounce of PLENTY OF MONEY WHERE THERE conscience or truth. Unity is too IS WILL dearly bought if verity is the coin paid for it. That is not liberty but license 1£ anyone doubts that men can give and lawlessness which is secured by more to the Lord's work if they will, it removing ancient landmarks which is only necessary to look at the amaour fathers set up in the fear of God zing extravagance and recklessness in and defense of truth, and bathed in automobile purchases. There are now blood to maintain. There is no chance in over twenty States factories whose for heroism where we have not at output this year will be nearly a least a "patch of lentils" to protect quarter of a million machines, Michiagainst invasion. gan itself leading in nearly one-half the whole number. The capital in- A GOLDEN RULE OF LIFE volved reaches from $150,000,000 to $175,000,000, and over 200,000 em- Emmanuel Kant is the author of the ployes and 5,000 agents are at work famous "Categorical Imperative": "So to promote this new industry. Men live that the principle of your own by the thousand mortgage their dwelllife may be worthy of being made a ings and sell their life insurance poliuniversal law." This has been well cies to get an auto car! Oh, for a like said to be little more than an echo enthusiasm in work for God! of the golden rule. It expresses a profound truth, that we only live as A PERIL IN OUR HIGH-SCHOOLS we ought when we would be willing to have all others do as we do. We Dr. Francis E. Clark, of the Y. P. are to be exemplars of virtue, like S. C. E., is not the man to deal harsh- Him who "left us an example"-liter- ly with the young; but he indicts the ally a "writing copy"-"that we should high-school system, and is amply upfollow His steps." held by Mr. D. R. Porter, Y. M. C. A. secretary for work among boys, whose THE SABBATIC CONSCIENCE unveiling of appalling moral condi- tions is even more startling than Dr. A good story is told of the late Clark's, who says that one cause of King Edward, that when he sum- deterioration is the high-school dance, moned a certain contractor, who was sometimes so public and promiscuous a prominent Wesleyan, to meet him on as to "have many of the objectionable his Sandringham estate on a Sunday features of the public dance-halls." afternoon to take orders for repairs

Many girls, not out of their teens, carelessness and overweening ambition have been ruined body and soul, for when the daughter has brought dis- time and eternity, by these dances. grace and confusion of face upon the The high-school secret societies are family.

another source of evil. Tho in some "I write about this because I have cases supprest, many still exist, openly upon my heart particularly the boys or secretly, and parents and pastors and girls of this high-school age, the have been writing to Dr. Clark to com- age of adolescence, the most critical, mend his new assault on these nur- and in many respects the most impor- series of infantile snobbery. tant, period of human life."

"I formerly thought that girls were more' easily reached by the ap- THE LONDON Y. M. C. A. MEMORIAL peal of religion than boys, that their Our frontispiece represents the In- consciences were more sensitive, and ternational Home for the Central Y.

their higher natures more fully devel- M. C. A. of the world, now building, oped than their brothers. I am com- and to be dedicated as a memorial to ing to doubt that, especially with girls Sir George Williams, the founder of of the high-school age. the parent association.

"On the cars and on the streets I It will be a missionary Mecca for see more vulgarity and rudeness of all nations, as well as a model home behavior, less respect for others, and for young men, and a center of more indifference to the general pub- activity in their behalf, in Bible study lic welfare among the high-school and evangelism. This original asso- girls than among the boys; and it is ciation has kept itself true to the pure often harder to find stedfast, earnest, faith of the gospel, and promotes every Christian workers among them than good work at home and abroad.

among those of the other sex. Exeter Hall, its old home, was the "Yet it is not the teachers or the greatest rallying-place in the world for pupils who are chiefly responsible for all causes closely linked to the King- this condition in many of our high- dom of God, kept clean for God's schools, but primarily the parents,who uses, and the new hall will keep up do not know enough or care enough the succession. Besides all other helps to keep their children out of these se- to body and soul, there will be bed- cret societies, and who encourage the rooms for over 200 men. late hours, the dances, and the attend- The building was begun a year ago, ant dissipation for the sake of the sup- and will require eight months more to posed social advantages. Or, if they do finish and furnish, and about £60,000 not encourage them, they yield weakly in money. And as it is to be an inter- to the importunities of their children; national memorial, we not only give and the demoralizing results are the our readers the picture of the me- same. morial and the founder of the Y. M.

"Many "I. father or mother has awa- C. A., but hope many may be moved kened with shanle and contrition, when to aid the project. It would be hard it was too late, to the results of such to invest money better.

SYRIAN MISSION, AND ITS

SECOND PERIOD: 1870.1910 Doctor Jessup's two volumes are a robbery, fanaticism and controversy; sort of encyclopedia of the mission and, third, distraction of mind and work in Syria, and show the great discouragement as to all permanent re- changes of the last forty years. At sults. As men do not build anything the reunion of the dissevered branches solid and lasting on the crater of a of the American Presbyterian Church, volcano, Syrian missionaries often in 1870, the new school branch which questioned whether schools and col- had remained allied with the Congre- gationalists in the A. B. C. F. M., united with the Presbyterian Board, which before represented the old school, and Syria became, by amicable arrangement, the special field hence- forth of the now reunited Presbyterian 01Urch, the mission itself, by its own action, becoming identified with the Presbyterian system. This period of transfer also coincides with the period of organized activity on the part of the Presbyterian Sisterhood, to whose sympathetic aid and prayers a large share of the progress of the work is due. They have done nobly in help- ing to provide and support helpers, buildings and scholarships.

Syria has always had a considerable Moslem population, and all perturba- tions in the Mohammedan world have, like earthquake convulsions, produced REV. SI MEON H. CALHOUN more or less marked tremors and quakings in this land, so closely identified leges, hospitals and churches, could with the dominions of the Sultan. The find on such treacherous soil any firm Russo-Turkish war, in 1877, the revolt foundations. Conflict with the Mos- of Arabi Pasha, in Egypt, five years lem power was constant; the censorlater, and the Mahdi's uprising, with ship of the press, so strict as to be the troubles in the Sudan, etc., have not only tyrannical but comically ab- so seriously impeded the mission work surd; the jealousy of a fanatical sect in the Syrian field as at times to that had power to suppress all threaten its continuance. Three evils Christian testimony, was a constant were the harvest of such seed-sowing : menace; and oftentimes nothing but fi rst, general disturbance, with con- the presence of consuls and gunboats stant peril of outbreak; second, an in- "saved the situation."

vasion ()f refugees and ruffians from As to press censorship, Dr. Jessup revolted districts, bringing into Syria cites some cases almost beyond lawlessness and violence, beggary and credence. Every foreign book com-

ing into the Turkish Empire through Arabic book, tract, or paper must be the custom-house is held by the censor sent to Constantinople for examinafor examination; and, if it has in it tion before publication; it may be held anything about Mohammed or the for six months or a year, and, if re- Sultan, Turkey or Syria, Arabia or turned at all, so mutilated as to be Mecca, is confiscated, or at least practically' useless; and, before being mutilated. Encyclopedias can only offerd for sale, the printed copy must find admission by cutting out articles be forwarded for another censorship. on such subjects before shipment! A daily paper is liable to have whole Even guide-books are often seized be- columns struck out at the last moment, cause of their contents, as construed for which other matter must be subby inspectors. A map of Europe stituted. which had on the east end a strip of Asia labeled "Armenia," was confis- For further details, again the reader cated, and one of "Palestine under the must be referred to the two volumes Kingdoms of Judah and Israel," and where, with painstaking, the lesser showing the divisions made by Joshua features of the work are delineated among the twelve tribes, was de- and the life colors added. But the stroyed because "the Sultan, Abdul grand lessons we must not lose, that, Hamid, can not acknowledge any in this mission field the foes are many kingdoms of Judah and Israel in his and desperate, and the difficulties, empire, and has authorized no such humanly speaking, insurmountable; divisions." The defense was that the yet, notwithstanding, it would be hard period referred to was many centuries to find any place where progress has previous, but the rejoinder was that been more obvious and marked, and "this map was not made then ! Judah the harvest more ample and satisfacand Israel did not know how to make tory. In this history, every decade of maps!" An Arabic geography was years is like a century in development, supprest because Arabia was referred and single eventful transactions someto as an "independent province"; and times mark eras or epochs. The from a book a quotation was ex- Syrian mission is identified with alpunged from Titus I: 5, about "set- most everything good and great-exting in order in Crete things which ploration, evangelization, education, were wanting," because it implied that translation, publication, medical work, in the Sultan's domain something was church development. In face of al- "wanting" and needed to be "set in most every form of hindrance-intolorder I" And, in another book, the erance, persecution, censorship, restory of Gideon and his three hundred pression, banishment and martyrdom, was supprest, probably lest it might massacres and wars, famine and pesembolden some other three hundred to tilence; yet it has moved on. The deeds of daring! Such censorship Dr. American press, founded at Malta in Jessup calls "idiotic," but it shows a 1822, and removed to Beirut in 1834, unique barrier against which, for all has become a sort of lighthouse of the these years, Syrian missionaries have whole Arabic-speaking world. The had to contend. missionary pioneers of ninety years ago, Fisk, Parsons and Jonas King, Two manuscript copies of every have been followed by Goodell, Bird,

THE SYRIAN MISSION, AND ITS

Eli Smith, W. M. Thomson, H. G. O. stones in this path of progress. We Dwight, Hebard, Van Dyck, De For- know of no other missionary field pre- est, Dale, Bliss, Eddy, the Jessups, senting quite the same sort of varied Calhoun, Mrs. Bowen, Mrs. Watson, charm in its annals. The reader of Miss Taylor, and many more-a most these memorial volumes finds himself illustrious band of men and women, in a continuous garden-walk-not "of whom the world was not worthy," without its passion-flowers, crimson and everyone deserving a record borders, and weeping-willows; but full among the heroes of faith, and a of the forget-me-nots of memorable column in the Temple of Fame. incident, the morning-glories of prom- This whole ninety years is a fas- ise, the fruitful vines and olives, with cinating romance, with tragic chapters, the palms of victory lining the whole but all belonging to the heroic. The way.

martyrdom of the first Maronite con- Beside all the historical matter of vert, the first girls' school ever opened Dr. Jessup's book, there is a character- in the Turkish Empire, the boys' semi- istic autobiographic portrait of the nary, the Greek war, the plague; author, half unconsciously drawn, es- Protestant Christianity a religio pecially revealing his keen perception illicita, in 1835; the massacres of of humor and strong common sense; 1840; the recognition of Protestantism and, withal, deep devotion to the as a religio permissa, in 1844; civil Word of God and the work of Christ war in Lebanon, 1845; the first evan- -four features which go far to out- gelical church in Beirut, 1848; new line the whole man. At bottom, he Arabic translation of Bible begun, had a deep, genuine love for the Old 1849; first steam press, 1853; Crimean Bible and its divine gospel, and an war, 1853-55; Ratti Ramaiyoum, unquenchable passion for his mission- decreeing that no Moslem convert ary work that no offer of home pul- shall be put to death, 1857; Arabic pits, missionary secretaryships or for- New Testament completed, 1860; eign consulates could quench or cool.

civil war and massacres the same year, His letter of declinature, when, in and 20,000 refugees fed and clothed 1870, he was urged to take the secre- and $150,000 spent in relief. Then, in taryship of the Board, was itself one 1862, first steps toward a Syrian col- of the noblest missionary documents lege; formally opened in 1865; new we have ever seen*-not only a re- Arabic Bible completed the same year; fusal on grounds of duty, but of in- theological seminary opened in Abeit, clination; not only conscience and 1868, and transferred to Beirut, 1873; reason protesting, but affection and seal of Sultan's authorization placed preference. The position offered in on thirty-three editions of Arabic New York was one which, to ambi- Scriptures, and local Board of Damas- tion or avarice, would have been cus' approval of 330 Arabic publica- tempting. But all the temporal ad- tions, in 1887; railway opened from vantages were accounted as nothing; Beirut to Damascus, ISg5; Arabic the thought of going away from his Scriptures authorized in all Greek beloved Syria filled his eyes with tears, schools, 1896; four hospitals in opera- tion, in 1900-these are a few mile- * "Foreign Missionary," Vol. xxix, pp. 114-118.

and his heart with anguish. He de- ing the rest. When the question arose clined this "loud call" because he had in the new church at Beirut, whether not the self-denial to leave his Syrian the old curtain, used to separate the work; brethren in New York askell men and women, should be hung, he a sacrifice to which he was not equal in refused to settle the matter, and left urging him to exchange the poverty it to the native Christian brethren and exposure, exile, trial and anxiety themselves. The cnrtain was there for of his missionary life, for the comfort some years afterward, until the and security, luxury and dignity, of a Syrians themselves became enlighten- high and well-salaried office in his ed enough to abolish it. How wise to own land ! Yet some people compas- see that such a cnstom could not really sionate a missionary and whine about be abandoned until the people were his trials and self-denials as if they ready for such a step! Vhen a few constituted carrying a cross too heavy brethren in the missions declined to to be borne! fraternize with others because psalm- The reader will find the author's singing was not their exclusive form common sense everywhere exhibited of praise, Dr. Jessup calmly observed in these volumes-his freedom from that, while he could explain to the morbid notions, extreme views, sancti- people the difference between Presby- mony and pietism, excesses of all sorts. terianism and prelacy, he had not been He punctures scores of fanciful and able to make an Arab see why mis- fanatical bubbles and reveals the hol- sionaries, laboring to lead pagans and lowness and shallowness of hundreds ::Ioslems to Christ, could not com- of religions shams and shows; while mune with others in the same work, he gives sound advice as to both who sang "Jesus, Lover of My Soul!"

physical and spiritual health, and ex- etc. He pronounces "the money ques- hibits practical wisdom in many mat- tion the bane of all missions," and "the ters where so many others lack dis- paying of native teachers and preach- cernment. N at a few saintly souls ers out of foreign funds an unmixed have brought religion itself into dis- evil," being misunderstood by the na- repute by their follies and vagaries tive population, and putting those thus and utter disregard of the laws of paid in the attitude of hirelings and common prudence and tact. tending to demoralize them by For instance, Dr. J essnp warns "weakening their sincerity," etc.

new-comers to beware of exposure to Again, he refers to a fanatic who the Syrian sun, to carry an umbrella taught perfectionism – maintaining or wear a helmet hat, or both; and that no child of God can sin, and, cites instances where in so-called de- therefore, "it is the old man inside pendence on God three fanatics who that sins, getting rampant, lying' and refused advice died shortly of sun- stealing, so that the believer is not stroke and brain-fever. When he responsible," etc.-Dr. Jessup disposes preached in Arabic, he avoided the of this nonsense by a story of a Ger- stilted classical style and used the man judge who, when a criminal at- colloquial, watching the women and tempted to defend himself on this children to see if they paid attention, plea, "The old man did it; I didn't."

and, if so, judging that he was reach- "Very well, then," said the judge, we

THE SYRIAN MISSION, AND ITS PIONEERS 57

will send that old man to jail for six acceptable with God? An d again he 1110nths !" When the A nglican bi shop says, there is "nothing to be converted in Jerusalem tried to erect exclusive to; you can't love, or pray to, a mere barriers between his constituency and negation." He counseled missionaries all non-Episcopal believers in Pales- to keep entirely aloof frol11 political tine and Syria, he points out the questions. and make it their object to amazing inconsistency of his leveling, on the other hand, all barriers between KASrM BEG AMIN~ JUDGE 01:0' CO U RT OF APPEALS~ CAIRO himself and the "Brotherhood of the Holy Sepulcher," who carry on a sys- Author of "The Emancipation of W oman," and tematic Satanic farce of the so-called "The New W oman" "Holy ·Fire" to deceive pilg rims; and he exposes the utter absurdity of thu s let in light, educate the young, care den ying fellowship to Christian be- for the sick and suffering , and publievers while he extends it to shame- lish good books, and let the governless imposters, making fraternization ment alone. Referring to a certain turn upon ecclesiastical forms r ather sincere but misguided party, he writes than moral and spiritual integrity. He these golden words : refers to another fanatic who came to the Holy City to preach the new doc- "It is a pity that deep piety and pertrin e of no more death. "But, what sonal loveliness should sometimes be if you should di e ?, "Oh, that would linked to an utter want of common bust the whole thing," was the reply, sense! Faith sometimes becomes and it did. A new doctrine that will spasmodic with high nervous exaltanot bear a practical test is not worth tion.· It then becomes unreasoning, while to preach, or even to fig ht harmful as serpents, foolish as doves. against. He tells of another extremist Believing itself inspired, it will take who came to Palestine to proclaim exact obedience to God and dependence on Him by faith, and abandon ed his own wife in so doing, who gave up active efforts to evangelize, to "sit down" with the Spaffordites and wait for the Lord's coming! With one sentence Dr. JeSSl1p dismisses Babism.

He pricks thi s Persian bubble by showing it a mere revamp of old pantheistic theories, and adds that Abbas Effendi's latitudinarian views that all men, pagans, idolaters and all , are accepted of God, would seem to "make any attempt to propagate Babism a work of supererogation ." For what is the I1 se of zeal in proclaiming a religion if all men, irrespective of doctrine or deportment, are equally

no advice, and sacrifice all the capacity physically; about the hottest, pesfor usefulness, attained by long years tilential and uninhabitable by white of preparation, study and spiritual men; the entire population not over equipment, for the sake of making one 300, and unable to support one medgrand leap into certain destruction ical man; and probably unable altowith no possible thought of any cor- gether to raise five dollars in cash.

&1;001 for (/il'/$ /.ibn". Tf;e%!lic<1/ Sc'loo/ AMERICAN M ISSION, BEIRUT" SYRIA responding or compensating good." He advised his correspondent, if he or He recalls Dr. S. H. Cox's reply to a any of his medical friends were about ranting Mormon apostle, who said, to establish in Jericho a "white cross" "God does not need your learning"- mission, to "order coffins beforehand, "neither does God need your igno- as wood is not obtainable there." He rance." To a young student of med- never received any answer to his leticine who proposed to come out to ter and the medical student did not Jericho to join a proposed organiza- "go to Jericho!" At a university tion for medical work there, he writes, alumni dinner, in America, what was that of all places Jericho was the last his surprize to see the president, bechoice for headquarters to a paying fore a vast multitude of guests, light medical mission, being the lowest vil- a cigar and set the example of puffing lage on earth, morally as well as out smoke; and he turned to his com-

SYRIAN MISSION AND ITS PIONEERS

panion and remarked, "Has the pres- encomiums, even from pashas and ident of this university, who preaches Moslems, that, in sheer self-defense, and teaches continence and self-con- they have had to start schools of their trol to 2,500 university boys, himself own, and, in default of teachers, go no control over the appetite for cigar- to the mission-schools for them! smoke! Dr. Schaff," he added, "said to me that the Heidelberg fifth Dr. Jessup, with all his scholarship, centenary celebration was the greatest stuck to the last to the old gospel. He beer-drinking bout in human history. had no use for the "new thought," or Is this great university commence- a dead orthodoxy which he felt to be ment to shrink into a smoking bout?" only a splendid seal set upon a sepulcher; the Bible and the Chris- It is a tribute both to the capacity and tian faith must be the basis of all consecration of these Syrian pioneers preaching and teaching. He held up that, despite all the foes and fears they such men as Dana and Dawson and have had to face, their progress along Guyot as illustrations of teaching the all lines of work has been so constant profoundest and purest science in the and conspicuous. The statistics, car- reverent spirit of the devout believer. ried down to 1908, show the following ~Tedicine and science, he says, may be summaries: taught in a Christian spirit, and with thorough instruction in the Bible; American missionaries, men and women 41 Christian physicians and scholars will Native Syrian workers……………. 226 thus be trained who wiIl be pillars to Stations and out·stations. . . . … . . . . . . . . III the Church in their native land. Churches ………………………. 34 Church buildings ………………… vVe have done scant justice either Regular preaching-places ………….. 57 to the history of the Syrian mission, Church-members …. _.. '.,""" __ , , 6,025 or to this "l'nagnum opus" of its lead- Sabbath scholars ., … ,"" …… ,…. 2,744 ing missionary. But those who would Total membership from the beginning. 5,831 read a couple of volumes, rich in in- Syrian Protestant community. . . … . . . . 4,792 formation and instruction, find a gal- Native contributions, 1908…………. 7,553 lery of portraits of the illus- $49,536 trious dead and living, and a mine of wealth in suggestion and in- As to educational work: spiration, will not lose time in getting access to Dr. Jessup's "Fifty Years in As to educational work: Syria." May the God of missions speedily send another gifted worker to Total number of schools, 1908 ….. ".. 116 take up the standard which has fallen Total of pupils………………….. 5,688 from his dyjng hand and which he never allowed to trail in the dust! Total in schools of Beirut, 1909 ….. , . . 13,256 Of these, Moslem………………… 4,462 As to presswork: Total pages, 1908 ………… , …….. 44,589,571 Of which Scriptures .. , ……. , ….. ,. 30,507,000 Total from first …….. , …… , ….. 923,345,755 Scriptures distributed in Syria, 1908… 9,941 Total Syria, Egypt, etc., 1908………. 92,311 Copies of publications during year. . . . . 183,602 The school work has won such

INDIAN OF PARAGUAY, FROM SAVAGE TO

BY JOHN HAY Of the Inland South-Amerka Missionary Union, Interdenominational It was in the year 1892 that I first just have to be content with that posifound myself in South America, going tion. Ve are proud of our nationaliout under the auspices of th~ South ties of earth, and I was eager to let America Missionary Society, the the people know that I was not an Church of England mission in South Englishman, but a Scotchman. America, and at that time the only missionary society sending mission- The passengers on board the aries to the savage Indians of that steamer not only noticed that we were continent. strangers, but they wanted to know where we were going. We had diffi- A companion missionary and myself culty in understanding their questions were sailing on the River Parana from because they spoke in Spanish, and Buenos Ayres to Concepcion, in our Spanish just then was limited, but Paraguay. We had a journey in we managed after a fashion. We told front of us of 1,300 miles up-stream. them we were going to Paraguay. This gives incidentally an idea of the magnificent character of the waterway "Oh," they said, "you have plenty leading into the interior of South of room there." _"Yes," we repiiecl, America from the Atlantic seaboard. "we know that." We had been read- It is possible for large passenger ing something of the history of Parasteamers to steam up river much fur- guay, and had learned that about ther than Concepcion in Paraguay. thirty-two years before the date on There is a line of steamers sailing reg- which we found ourselves going up ularly from Rio Janeiro on the At- the river, there had been a terrible war lantic to the River Plata, and then up in Paraguay. It had lasted five years, into the interior to CUfomba, in the and at the end of it practically the heart of Brazil, in the state of Matto- whole male population of the republic grasso, a distance of nearly 2,080 miles had been swept from the face of the from the sea. Tho there is such a earth. Nearly a million and a quarter magnificent means of access into the men were slain. country, the Indian tribes of the interior are still for the most part un- liVe said, "Ve are not going to that touched by missionary effort. part of the country-the civilized part-but to the Indians of the Chaco." The passengers on board the The passengers were not prepared to steamer on which we were sailing believe that at first, but when they noted us as strangers, and located us found we really meant it they began as "Ingleses," i.e., Englishmen.. I was to think there must be something not an Englishman, and I am not one seriously wrong with our mental aryet. I was a Scotchman, and I was rangements. We had ample time to eager to let the passengers know it, get their opinions as we continued to but they did not know the difference sail up the river. between an Englishman and a Scotchman. I soon learned that when a We learned that the Paraguayan Scotchman leaves his native country Government had repeatedly attempted he becomes an Englishman, and so we to subdue these Indians. Soldiers had gone armed with swords, guns, bayo- nets, and brass cannon. Every effort th;1t military science could make was that part of the world. He was not, made, but the result each time was as some people conceive a missionary disaster and defeat. I had at that to be, a man with a tall hat and frocktime the proof-sheets of an article that coat, and a Bible under his arm, was then in the press for publication. preaching to a number of natives un- It had been written by one of two gen- der a palm-tree. He was drest in a tlemen who had been on a scientific thin pair of cotton trousers; he had expedition to explore the River Plico- a belt around his waist, and a sheathmayo to find a navigable channel from knife stuck in the back of his belt; Bolivia to the River Paraguay. The he had no waistcoat or coat, his shirt Bolivian Government had offered a sleeves were rolled up above his ellarge sum of money to any explorer bows, and the neck of his shirt was who could do this. The bait was a open. He had on a soft felt hat and tempting one; a special expedition he did not look particularly clean. He was formed; a steamer was built for had just come down from among the the purpose of the expedition. Scien- Indians, and had not had time to go tists and men trained to travel and ex- ashore to wash himself. He looked plore were on the expedition. All very much more like a cowboy than a kinds of scientific instruments, ammu- missionary, but he was the missionary nition, and stores were taken. Every- all right. He had come to buy stores, thing, in short, that experience could and to meet us, and he expected we suggest as necessary to insure safety would help him up river with the and success, was provided, and the ex- canoe. So the first bit of missionary pedition was led by Captain Page. work I ever did was to get into that They went up the river, but they did canoe, and help to paddle it up stream. not come down again. They were I had been brought up in Glasgow attacked by the Indians, and wiped myself, on the River Clyde, accusout, even as the Paraguayan soldiers tomed to rowing. I thought I could had been. Only two of the party es- row pretty well, and as a matter of caped with their lives, and they had to fact, I could, but I found that padflee on mule-back across the Chaco dling on the River Paraguay against with the Indians after them. As I the swiftly flowing current making its read the account, and heard the stories, way to the sea at the rate of four or it did not help to enhance the outlook five miles an hour was a very differfor us going up among the same ent exercise. I had not gone very far Indians. But we knew that two mis- until I had a pain in my side, and sionaries had gone ahead of us, and another pain in my arm, and I would had been there one year. They had very gladly have laid the paddle down not been Killed, and we expected to take a rest, but that was not perneither should we. missible. I just had to keep at it, and paddle the pain out. I got what our Finally we reached Concepcion, athletes call the second wind, and on 1,300 miles inland. One of the mis- we went. Finally, after something sionaries had come down river in a like fourteen hours' paddling, we little canoe to meet us, and, as we reached the place where the missionlooked at him, we began to understand house had been built on the bank of what missionary work would mean in

the river, and there I saw the Indians ended. It was one mysterious, uninfor the first time. telligible jumble of sound, from be- ginning to end. Their language had There they were, in a palm-log hut, never been reduced to writing, and sitting around a palm-log fire . Their there was no grammar, vocabulary or bows and arrows, and clubs and spears, dictionary to help their words to were strewn on the ground all about memory. One had just to try and unthem. Their blankets were half off derstand what was said. The situaand half on, and the firelight was tion seemed absolutely hopeless when flickering on their dusky copper- one considers the suspicious character colored skins. They had their feather WILD NAT[VES LIVING IN THE OPEN head-dresses on, and their faces were of the Indians to outsiders, and the painted in curious patterns. They fact that we had no proper means of had no eyebrows, no eyelashes, and no communication with them to make our beards and whiskers; not because purpose known. In spite of these these don't grow, but because they things, however, we proved what the don't let them stay. Neither do they Apostle Paul wrote, that "the gospel clip or shave them off, but they pull of Christ is the power of God unto the hair out with the finger and salvation to everyone that believeth: thumb. to the Jew first, and also the Greek." And we had won the confidence of the But if they were terrible to look at, Indians from the beginning just by it was even more terrible to hear them the lived-out spirit of the gospel. speak. We could tell neither where their words began nor where they We just took them as we found

THE INDIAN OF PARAGUAY, FROM SAVAGE TO CITIZEN

them, a people living by hunting and better exchange for their skins and fishing. Their country, not being feathers, they were perfectly delighted, suited for agriculture, their only way and looked upon us as superior kind of providing food was by hunting and of traders. They had, of course, no fishing. They had, accordingly, large idea of a missionary, or what a misquantities of skins and feathers to sell, sionary meant; and we were not able which they could only sell where there to speak to them intelligibly enough was a market for them, and that was to explain our purpose as missionin the nearest town, Concepcion, thirty aries. We were, nevertheless, doing miles down stream. We found also real missionary work. We were winthat there was a demoralized portion ning the confidence of the Indians, and of the Indians living on the banks of using the means at our hand by which the river, drunken, good-for-nothing, we could reach and help them, and I who acted as traders for the wilder never so thoroughly understood the Indians living further in, and who meaning of that scripture, "living took the skins and feathers to Concep- epistles, known and read of all men," cion. These Indians, however, were, as I understood it when we had to live as a rule, ill-used and cheated when the gospel among these people before they went there to trade. They were we ~ould preach it to them. made drunk with a kind of native rum called cana, and when the Indian was But, you may ask, how did you gain too stupid to know what he was doing, their confidence so quickly and so everything he possest was often taken thoroughly as to be trusted to take from him without any proper return their skins and feathers, when they being made, and sometimes those who were previously so suspicious of outprotested against this kind of treat- siders? Well, that simply was by the ment were shot. Finding such a con- lived-out spirit of the gospel along dition of things existing, and having another line. We were strangers to gone there as missionaries to the the country and its ways. All being Indians, and feeling it our duty to city-bred men, we knew nothing about protect them from this abuse, we per- digging and delving, planting, and suaded the Indians to give their skins hoeing, and our food supplies were and feathers to us, promising to get limited to such as came from Conthem exchanged for them, and to cepcion. In order to have some vabring them back what they required, riety, we cut down some forest-trees thus becoming intermediaries between along the bank of the River Paraguay, the Indians in the Chaco and the and we planted some sweet-potatoes. traders in the town. It became quite We had no idea when the potatoes a common thing to see the mission- should be ready for digging, but the aries going down the river with their Indians had a very good idea, and it canoes loaded with skins and feathers, was not long before they began to and returning with cargoes of fish- come and ask us if we did not want to hooks, beads, looking-glasses, boxes buy some sweet-potatoes. We were of paint, and other articles which are quite ready and bought them, until we dear to the heart of the Indian. began to wonder when our own would be ready. Investigating, we found When they saw we secured so much they were ready; that the Indians were

digging up our own potatoes and sell- but they hac! images; we had no ing them to us. That was good busi- images but we had a book, and we ness from the Indian point of view, treated the Indians differently from but not from ours, so we took care to the way in which the Christians treatdig out our potatoes afterward our- ed them, therefore, whatever we were, selves. we could not be Christians.

We made no fuss about it to the Ve won their confidence so rapidly Indians. Had the Indians treated the in this way, that before I was six Paraguayans as they had treated us, months there it was possible for me the Paraguayans would have shot to have my wife join me, the first white them. When we did not do so they woman the Indians had ever seen. were greatly astonished. They could She did not stop at the bank of the not understand it. They knew it river where we commenced, but went could not be because we were afraid right into the interior. I will never of them, because we had lived among forget our first journey inland. We them perfectly unarmed where the went in a bullock-cart without springs, Paraguayans dared not live witLout the Indians helping us cut down palmposting sentries. trees to make a better road. When a swamp or river had to be crossed and Thus they were just taking onr was too deep for the cart, rafts had measure to see what they would do to be made, and the goods floated with us, thinking it would be a profit- across, and my wife as well. Finally able thing to have us among them, we arrived at our station, and there we were such simple-minded people, my wife saw our first house. and that they might even trust us with their skins and feathers if we were The Indians were eager to see what willing to get a better exchange for my wife would be like, and she came them. So we got into the hearts of the in for a very minute examination. Indians, won their confidence, and They crowded into the little house made it safe for us to live among them after us, and wanted to sit down bewhen guns, swords, bayonets and side us. I got them finally to go out, mere world power had failed to secure but they would not go away. They any other result than disaster and watched us through the palms, and it defeat. was a long time before we could teach them that they must not watch us like And, because we treated them as this. They did not mean to be rude, Christians should treat them, they told but they had no idea that anyone us we were not Christians. Think of would want a house in which to shut the irony of it! They gave us another himself up and not be seen. Their name. They called us "Kilanikihaki- idea of a house was simply to take lyitsitchwaitkyahik," which means, a few branches of a tree and stick "the men of the book," or, "the men them into the ground with the leaves who go by the measure of the book." hanging over. They would throw Vife were proud of the name. They some grass on the top of the leaves, saw we had a book, and that we and spread a deerskin on the ground seemed to reverence that book as the underneath, squat 011 the skin, and say so-caller! Christians reverenced their they had a house. All the people of images. The Christians had no book,

J9IO] THE INDIAN OF PARAGUAY, FROM SAVAGE TO CITIZEN

the village lived together under such quired power when they came to these shelters without distinction between words and found they could make the the families, and everything that a paper speak. A new power had been man or woman did from the moment bequeathed to them of which they of birth until the moment of death was had had no idea before. done in the open. In crowding around us they simply wanted to show their The influence of the gospel on some friendliness, and treat us as they of them wassllch that it constrained would treat one another. We have them so to apply themselves to their here a picture of the absolute confi- studies that one fellow learned to read dence established between them and in only eight months from the time us in only six months from the time that I arrived myself. A CHACO INDIAN. DREST TO MAKE A VISIT We went on from that point and he started with the vowel sounds. At continued to reduce the language to the end of eight months he was able writing, translating the Scriptures to go to the desk in the church and into it as we were able, and gathering read a chapter of St. Mark's Gospel, the children together into school, and and give an address to his people. it was not long before we began to But he had studied. I have seen him have converts among the young peo- at our sitting-room table, his face restple. Later, the young men were gath- ing in the palms of his hands, and his ered into school also. Some of these book on the table in front of him, were convertecl ancl became stanch just with the concentration of his ef- Christians. forts, the perspiration in beads upon his face, his bare copper-colored anTIS We reducecl the language to writing on the English orthography and on the phonetic principle. We commenced with the vowels a, e, i, 0, u. We prefixed consonants to these vowels so as to form syllables, and each consonant, of course, placed in front of a different vowel, formed a different series of syllables. vVe taught them this in the first lesson, until they were thoroughly masters of the syllables and then words were formed by the combination of the syllables.

In the second lesson we had simple words of two syllables just to encourage them to make them so that they could read them at first sight, having already mastered them as syllables and vowels in the first lesson, and I have known some of the Indians literally to dance with the sense of ac-

and chest, until he had to scrape it fellow who learned to read in eight off with his knife and shake it out on months. He also wanted to help. I the earthen floor. All this just by the gave him a wire-staple press and he constraining power of the gospel. put in the wire stitches in the backs of the books; and there we were, the Our chief text-book was the Scrip- two Indians and the missionary workture, as we were able to translate it, ing together hand in hand and heart in with additions from simple readers heart, impelled and inspired by one such as would be used in the public spirit, even the Spirit of God. Yes, schools at home. God had made missionaries of these men just as much as He had made a In addition to this, one of the con- missionary of me. Well might the verted witch-doctors, for we had con- Apostle Paul say, "The Gospel of verts among them, also began to learn Christ is the power of God." to read, and set the fashion for the adults. One day he came to the print- But that was not all. It made pering-office where I was setting up the fect gentlemen of them. These Intype to print 5t. Mark's Gospel. He dians are inveterate smokers. Towas eager to hasten the production of bacco grows there wild and they pre- God's Word in printed form among pare it in a way peculiar to themselves. his people, and wanted to help. He It smells abominably and every time watched me setting up the type, and the Indians came to my wife for their after I had locked the type in the lesson in the adult reading classes they chase, and had put it in the printing- made her sick. She did not complain. press and was printing the sheets, I She just endured it, she was so eager looked around and found Manuel to teach them, but they saw what it standing in front of the font of type. was doing and they felt it was too bad He had the stick in his left hand, and to cause her that suffering, so they dewas arranging the type in a line just cided among themselves to take their as he had seen me doing, only with smoke early in the morning in order this difference-he was not selecting that the smell should pass away bethe letters. I had to explain that fore they came to get their lesson. would not do, and he was greatly dis- That was gentlemanly, and indicated appointed. He then came and watched a tremendous transformation. me printing the sheets, and he said, "I think I can do that, Blackbeard." That On another occasion my wife was was the name the Indians gave me washing clothes. She was the medical because I would not pull the hair out missionary of the station, but yet as of my face as they did. I replied that the mother of her own family she had I believed he could if he tried. I to keep the house clean, and cook the showed him how to put the paper in dinner, and make the baby's clothes, up to the guides, and how to pull the and mend them when they needed lever to get the proper impression. mending, and wash them when they Then I handed the machine to him needed washing, and all this in addiand he went on from that without any tion to her official work of mothers' further teaching and printed all that meetings, prayer-meetings, Bible remained to be printed of St. Mark's classes, weaving and spinning classes, Gospel. After him came the young etc., as missionary. On this occasion

THE INDIAN OF PARAGUAY, FROM SAVAGE TO CITIZEN

she was washing the clothes, and she plished among that people, for I have was tired. One can be tired there just not yet told you what they were like doing nothing in the great heat, but among themselves. When we went on this day she was wearied with over- among them we found infanticide was work. An Indian was standing be- common, that they were killing on an side her and saw it. He did not say average four children out of every six a word, but just took her gently by as soon as they were born. A comthe shoulder and pushed her to one pany of Indians had camped in front CIVILIZED NATIVES FILL[NG HOUSE-FRAME WITH MUD side, and he started in and washed the of our door, a little one had been born clothes himself. We read of the stone into their midst. They promised to that rebounded sometimes, and here spare its life and give it to us, but they we are experiencing an example of it. did not keep their word. They killed The lived-out spirit of the gospel, and it and buried it. I got a spade and the kindnesses we showed the Indians began to dig to see if it was true when in the first days came back to our- I found where they had buried it. selves. We usually get as good as we At first I could find nothing, but as give if we wait long enough. "What- I began to grope with my fingers soever a man soweth that shall also he among the soil I had dug up, I found reap." little bits of things that looked like pieces of egg-shell. They were little And yet I have not given an ade- bits of the skull-bone of the infant, quate idea of what the gospel accom-

and nothing more of the body was to skin upon which she had been lying, be found, simply because they had tied it with cords into a little bundle, buried it so near the surface that their carried it to the bank of the River hungry, half-starved dogs had scraped Paraguay, and there dug a hole in the it out and eaten it. When I took these sand. The hole was too small to put little bits of bone and showed them to the body into, but they simply laid it my wife we simply wept together. It on the top and trampled it in with was all we could do. The awful over- their feet. whelming sense of impotence was more than I shall ever be able to de- Such was the character of the peoscribe to anyone, and we felt that ple, and such their condition to whom nothi'ng but the power of God coultl we carried the gospel, and which we cope with such a situation. fonnd effectual after every earthly power had failed. Now there is a But there were worse things even civilized community there, with than that. If a mother died leaving churches and schools, and evangelists behind her a suckling child their cus- able to go out with the printed Word tom was to bury the baby alive along of God in their hands, who can read with the dead mother, and when my it and explain it in places to which the wife was nursing our own first child, missionaries would find it difficult to born there among the Indians, she go. They now know the meaning of nursed a little Indian baby who had decent houses, and if one could see inbeen rescued by one of the mission- side their houses he would see equal aries just as it was about to be buried transformation. One would see beds alive. and bedsteads. chairs and tables, knives and forks, plates and spoons, It was also their custom to kill the and kerosene-lamps. So that, putting old people, or to leave them behind the matter on the very lowest level, to starve, if they were too old or feeble it pays to do missionary work. to take their share in the hunting, and provide their portion of the food sup- Business men owe something to the ply, and it was not long until we had missionaries, and the men who make quite a company of pensioners at the these knives and forks, and plates and mission station rescued after they had spoons have more customers than they been deserted by their people. would have had but for missionaries. The Paraguayan Government owes In addition to that, if anyone be- something to the missionaries, and the came sick among them they believed president, recognizing what had been that the sickness was caused by an evil done, and the bloodless victory that spirit taking concrete form in the vic- had been gained, sent us the national tim, and I have known a poor creature flag to hoist on the top of the churchto starve herself to death in front of steeple and teach the natives to respect our door, refusing to take a morsel of the president. food in her effort to starve out the loathsome thing that she thought pos- Science owes something to the missest her. When she was dead her peo- sionaries, and the gentleman who was ple came and doubled the body up one of the two that escaped the disaswith the legs against the body in a ter that befell the expedition to the sitting position, wrapt it in the little River Pilcomayo, returned to the

THE INDIAN OF PARAGUAY, FROM SAVAGE TO CITIZEN

Chaco after we had commenced our down on paper its tone, its intensity, work there, to study the habits of the its appeal; wrung out of the man by lung-fish which is founel in the the force of circumstances arrayed swamps. When he came out the sec- against him; and tell you what his ond time he needed no soldiers to pro- thoughts are in his loneliness. tect him. Simply an Indian boy as a guide to see that he did not lose him- Bear in mind that the 1. S. A. lVL U. self in the forest. That gentleman is station at Santa Teresa is purposely now in Glasgow, the professor of designed to reach the inland forest zoolog-y in Glasgow University. His tribes in that part of South America, name is Professor Graham Kerr. that it is recently built and occupied, that all contact with the outside world Ve haye thus briefly traced the is broken for weeks or it may be steps from savage to citizen because l1..1onths on end, that to it there is no in that civilized community all natives regular road and that all supplies have that are baptized Christians have been to be carried across swamps and given the status of citizenship by the rivers from the nearest town, a long Paraguayan Government. Manuel, journey of great difficulty occupying the converted witch-doctor, has been several days, then think you are on appointed president i de ta junta, Indian territory. which is equal to mayor in this coun- try. The Paraguayan Yerbatero in search of Yerba, has governmental Vhat has been done for these In- powers to thrust back or shoot the dians it is our duty to do for others. Indians and occupy their lands. To There are three hundred Indian tribes him, if they can not be made to work on the Amazon River, and other tribes or assist, they are of no more value on the River Paraguay who are still than vermin, or criminals at the best. waiting for missionaries. In connec- On the nearest Yerba plantation, some tion with the forward movement of distance from Santa Teresa, some In- • the Inland South America Mission- dians, with whom the Yerbatero were ary Union, we want two volunteers at at deadly enmity, swooped down one the present time for our new station night in search of food, a band of among the Kaingua Indians, or forest savages estimated to be hundreds Indians, in Paraguay. "Pray ye there- strong. They are obliged to live on fore the Lord of the harvest that he what they catch, caterpillars, roots, will thrust forth laborers into his etc. They never have peace long harvest, for the harvest truly is plen- enough to stay in one place to cultivate teous, but the laborers are few." or raise food for themselves. At once an expedition was fitted out to go in Paul saw the beckoning hand and pursuit, with orders to surround and heard the summons to come over into shoot down the "brutes." In vain did Macedonia and help; and responding, Brother Vhittington remonstrate Europe for the first time heard the against the brutality and heartlessness. gospel. To-day from the forest belt Off a motley crowd went to the work in Paraguay, inland South America, of human slaughter. At first the In- the distrest cry of a strong, noble soul, dians eluded their pursuers, and up to facing single-handed awful odds, the time of writing they had baffled comes for helpers. I wish I could put

them in their search. Other tribes also stalment of a movement in Roman in these untrodden parts, many of Catholic circles to capture this virgin them within reach, are thus worried, territory for their Church. I leave harassed, and put out of existence if you to imagine his feelings as he conthey show the least resistance. To templates the fierce opposition that besuch our dear brother has gone with fore long he will have to face in the the gospel, and he yearns to get near corrupted minds of the simple-hearted enough to them to bless them; but see but deluded Indians, besides the many the situation! He feels he is face to difficulties peculiar to the situation imface with difficulties of no ordinary possible to describe. You do not wonnature, but calmly trusts in God to der, I am sure, that Brother Whitcarry him through. tington cries out for "great hearts" willing to face the dangers and sac- Another "swooping down" is the rifice all for Jesus' sake. Those who descent of a band of Jesuits on the enter this "den of lions" with him will Indian territory. This contingent has assuredly prove the mighty power of obtained a free grant of land from the God to keep. Pray for workers. Pray Government, and is settled at the for Brother G. C. Oehring (medically mouth of the river Virangua, thirty trained), who goes out soon. He has miles from Santa Teresa, with many given up a promising career at Christ's tons of material to build a church, call to serve under this banner.* erect a mill to grind the wheat they intend to raise, etc. The party con- * The headquarters of the I. S. A. M. U. is sists of three priests, two of them No. 113 Fulton Street, New York. Field secre· medicals; the others are different tary, Alfred Vinn. The Canadian Council office classes of tradesmen. This represents, is No. 274 Bathurst Street, Toronto. Secretary· Brother Whittington says, the first in- Treasurer, Rev. A. W. Roff, editor of The Chris- tian Worker.

South America has been well desig- tain ranges that constitute the backnated "the neglected Continent," and bone of the continent, are already only of late years has proper attention crossed and pierced by a railway sysbegun to be turned to its evangeliza- tem. Nature has provided a navigable tion. Meanwhile its political transfor- waterway, which rivals if it does not mation and material development are surpass any other continental river compelling the notice of the world. system. Its mines of wealth are being Its vegetable possibilities and mineral rediscovered, that made South Amerresources challenge industrial and ica the glory of the Incas, and the covcommercial enterprise, and appeal to eted prize of the Spaniards. We look that self-interest which is never irre- for a new era, already dawning, for sponsive. A great continental railway this long sleeping continent, which will be built, within a few years. from most of all needs evangelical Christhe Gulf to the Cape; the vast moun- tianity.-EDITOR.

UNOCCUPIED FIELD IN CENTRAL

BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., F.R.G.S.

Unoccupied Fields in Central Asia impress of an arid climate, and the yoke of that creed "which seems to Between the nearer and farther have imbibed its nature from the stern east, north of India and south of the inexorableness of the desert, on the Siberian steppes, stretches the region one hand, and the utter relaxation of known as Central Asia. Here is the the oasis on the other."* roof of the world and the watershed of the largest continent. Here I. The Field to Be Evangelized three empires, India, Russia, and China, meet. Here three great re- In the following survey we include ligions have struggled for the mastery, Tibet, Afghanistan, Chinese Turkesand one after the other gained su- tan, Bokhara, Khiva, Russian premacy for centuries. Buddhism and Turkestan, and the trans-Caspian Christianity still count their adher- province, together with the steppes, ents, but Islam has swept the field, and according to the tablet the field except in Tibet, and the whole terri- under consideration has a total area tory is practically unoccupied by of 2,6gS,730 square miles and a popu- Protestant missions. More unknown lation of 23,368,000. than Central Africa and in some places less thoroughly explored; a vast area These figures, however, would give of ghastly deserts and fertile oases; a wrong impression of the real density of parched plains and navigable of population. Since the rainfall of rivers; of perpetual snow and per- Central Asia has decreased so that its petual drought. It varies in elevation rivers fail to reach the sea, far less from the low depression of the Cas- than a tenth of the total area is perpian Sea and the basin of the Turfan, manently habitable. The population, three hundred feet below sea-level, in therefore, is comparatively dense in the very heart of Asia, to the high the irrigated oases along the rivers. plateaus of Tian Shan and Mount The nomads wander from place to Kailasa, 26,000 feet above the sea. place in search of pasture for their flocks. Altho usually the mountain parts are comparatively rainy and well .. Huntington: HThe Pulse of Asia." covered with vegetation, the lowlands, which comprize most of the country, t Table (Statesman's Year Book, 1909). are intensely dry and almost absolutely desert. The people are equally Area Popula· varied, the fierce Afghan being as dif- Sq. Miles tion ferent from the Tibetan monk as is the Tibet (with Koko-nor) ..•.. 463,200 6,500,000 truculent Mongul from the mild Afghanistan ………….. 250,000 4,500,000 Chanto of Chinese Turkestan. Yet, in Chinese Turkestan ……. 550,000 1,200,000 spite of all this, 110t only the physical Bokhara …………….. 83,000 1,250,000 features of the country but the habits Kbiva ………………. 24,000 800,000 and character of the peoples possess a Russian Turkestan distinct unity, for all alike bear the Ferghana ………..•…. 35,446 1,828,700 Samaracand ………….. 26,627 1,109,900 Syr Daria …………… 194,147 1,795,400 Semiryechensk ……….. 144,550 1,122,400 Trans-Caspian Province ……. 213,855 405,500 Steppes (four provinces of Ak· molinski Semipulatinsk, Tur~ gai and Uralsk) ……….•. 710,905 2,856,100 Totals for Central Asia .. 2,695,730 23,368,000

Two main types of civilization pre- exist between India and Tibet, which vail: the condition of nomadism and are ratified by China, but no Tibetan that of intensive agriCUlture with territory may be sold or leased to any cities, centralizing life in these irri- foreign power without the consent of gated oases. Askabad, for example, the British. has a population of 30,000, and a garrison of 10,000 soldiers, and is the 2. Afghanistan, by the new demarcapital of a province nearly ten times cation of its boundaries, includes five the size of Scotland. Yet it is only a major provinces-Kabul, Herat, Kanfertile spot in the vast solitude of the dahar, Afghan Turkestan and Ba- Karakum desert. If Egypt is the gift dakshan, and two provinces, Kafiristan of the Nile, Bokhara is the gift of the and Wakhan. Oxus, or Amu Daria, and Turkestan of the Sir Daria River. Population, In the province of Herat alone as well as vegetation, in all Central there are six hundred villages, but the Asia is limited largely to irrigation chief centers of population are the areas. provincial capitals of Kandahar, Kabul, Herat, Balkh and Kunduz. I. Tibet, extending eastward from The first named is the metropolis and the Himalayan Mountains to the fron- has a population of 50,000. tiers of China, has a population estimated at over 6,000,000, according There is considerable agriculture; to the "Statesman's Year Book." The exports to India and Bokhara amount country being bleak and mountainous to at least a million pounds a year. and jealously guarded against strang- Northern Afghanistan is tolerably ers, there are still wide regions unex- rich in copper, lead, iron, etc., but the plored. The greater part of the sur- mineral resources are undeveloped. face consists of high tablelands with . The climate is, on the whole, saperpetual snow-capped mountains. In lubrious, combining great dryness the central part there are numerous with extremes of temperature. At lakes. Kabul there is snow for three months in the year, and the thermometer The climate is varied, but in general ranges from 3 below zero to IIO the air is pure and excessively dry. In above in the shade. the southern part there is agriculture. For the rest, the pursuits are pastoral. The principal trade routes for car- The chief minerals are gold, borax and avan are: Balkh to Herat, 370 miles; salt, and there has always been a large Kandahar to Herat, 400 miles by trade with China, and at present an southern and 367 miles by northern increasing trade with India. Lhasa, route; Kandahar to Kabul, 318 miles; the capital, has been once and again Kabul to the Oxus, 424 miles; and to visited by Englishmen. It stands in Peshawar on the Indian frontier, 191 a fertile plain at an elevation of nearly miles. 12,000 feet, with a popUlation of from 15,000 to 20,000. The chief marts of The common door of entrance to trade with India are Yatung, Gyang- Afghanistan from Persia is by way of tze and Gartok. According to treaties Mashad, from Bokhara by Merv, and and conventions trade regulations now from India by the Khaibar Pass to Kabul, the Gomal Pass to Ghazni, or from Chaman, the terminus of the Northwestern Railway, to Kandahar.

There are roads for artillery, but no It is by way of Kashgar to Osh and wheeled traffic and no navigable rivers Andizhan, the terminus of the Central in the country. Asian Railroad in Russian Turkestan. This route is easier physically, as it 3. Chinese Turkestan (called Sin- crosses the Terek Davan Pass (1,200 Kiang) in its widest sense includes feet) and shorter, but the Russian Kulja, Zungaria and outer Kansu, the taxes and passports favor the other Chinese dependencies between Mon- road. golia and Tibet. The inhabitants are of various races and the chief towns 4. Russian in Central Asia. The are Kashgar, Yarkand, Khotan, total area and population of Russian Kiriya, and toward the north, Aksu. dependencies and possessions in Cen- In some regions about the Kashgar tral Asia are given in the table above. and Yarkand rivers the soil is fertile; The chief centers of population, trade fruits and vegetables of all sorts are and communication are the following grown. cities: Tashkent (155,673), Kokand (81,354), Namangan (62,017), Sa- Extremes of heat and cold mark markand (58,194), Karshi (25,000), this region, zero weather changing to Hissar (10,000), Khiva (5,000), Osh sudden spring. April is often so (34, I 57), Semipalatinsk (36,040 ). warm that even then the swarms of flies and gnats which continue all About sixty-five per cent of the summer begin to be troublesome. "A population in Asiatic Russia are disagreeable feature of the otherwise sedentary, fifteen per cent seminot unhealthy climate are the strong nomadic, and twenty per cent nomads and long-continued desert winds of the steppes. The density of the which fill the air with dust and make population varies greatly. everyone irritable." The climate varies exceedingly, ac- The country has immense undevel- cording to latitude and elevation, but oped resources. For the new China is generally healthful. this region offers an easy and promising avenue of expansion analogous to The country produces cereals, fruit, the southwest of the United States. cotton, tobacco, hemp; and breeds of On the east is the desert of Gobi and goats, sheep, horses and camels. Gold, in the center the Lob-nor, a series of salt, alum, sulfur and other minerals salt lakes and marshes. are also exported.

The highest trade route in the world The means of transportation is by leads from India over the Karakorum caravan along good roads in many Pass, 18,300 feet, into Chinese Turkes- directions, but more especially the Rustan. Caravans loaded with "tea, sian Trans-Caspian Railway and the spices, doth and Korans" make the steam navigation of the River Oxus. dangerous journey. Skeletons of The Orenburg-Tashkent Railway, horses and camels strew the pathway, with its branches running south, is of and yet fifteen hundred Chinese Mos- the greatest significance for the politlem pilgrims chose this path over the ical, economical and missionary future roof of the world to Mecca in a single of this vast unoccupied area. A mere year! There is one other route to go summary of the 3,202 miles of railfrom Chinese Turkestan to the west. ways in actual operation is a startling evidence of the progress of the march

of civilization in this part of the world made itself felt on all. The wild, and a challenge to missions: fanatical Pathan from the Indian frontier allowed his ardor to cool St. Petersburg to Orenburg, I,230 down here until he became almost as miles. wild as the comfortable merchant from Bokhara. All were intelligent men, Orenburg to Tashkent, 1,174 miles. who, in their wanderings, had picked From Tashkent, steel rails stretch up much useful knowledge; and as a to Merv (603 miles), and from Merv rule the constant rubbing up against ever southward to Kushkinski (195 their neighbors had produced good miles), the furthest military outpost manners in them. They were seldom of Russia toward India, leaving a gap anything else but courteous, if they of only 500 miles to New Chaman knew that courtesy would be shown and the railway system of the north- them, and a visit from one of them west provinces. was always a pleasure. They discust The amount of money, time and politics constantly, as their trade delabor expended by the Russian Gov- pended so much on the political situaernment in works of irrigation, tion; and the man in all Asia whom bridges, railways, military hospitals they watched with keenest interest was and depots is surprizing. Abdul Rahman, the Ameer of Kabul. In addition to this railway system, The Central Asian question is one of there is a regular steamboat service great interest to them; every move in on the River Oxus between Petro the game is watched with keenness, Alexandrovsk and Charjui for over and the relative strength and probable 200 miles, and from Charjui to the intentions of the two great powers, head of navigation, Patta Hissar, for whom they regard as struggling for 288 miles. the supremacy of Asia, are freely dis- Russian Central Asia is, therefore, Ctlst by them." accessible nearly everywhere by rail or river, and the great centers of pop- A conglomeration of different races, ulation are knit together by telegraph, tribes and peoples struggling for excommerce and military occupation. istence rather than for mastery; a The highways here are ready for the medley of humanity displayed no- King, but Tibet and Afghanistan are where else on the globe in greater vastill closed lands. riety and yet welded' into a seeming unity by physical environment, a com- II. The People to Be Evangelized mon, tho alien, religion and common political hopes and fears-such is The heart of Asia has been the Central Asia. meeting-ground of many nationalities and races for many centuries. At The swarthy Afghan, the fair Mon- Kashgar Colonel Younghusband met golian, Turcomans, Uzbegs, Tibetans, men from nearly every part of Asia. Tajiks, the intellectual type from the "Ethnologically," said he, "they dif- schools at Bokhara, the enterprising fered greatly, but they were all merchant, the Khirgese nomad, the Asiatics, and nearly all traders, and Kafirs of the Hindu-Kush who comtheir general characteristics in conse- bat perpetual snow and cold, as well quence varied but little. The effect as the Chantos of the Tarim basin of Central Asian listlessness had

NOTE-In addition to the fields of Central Asia that are shaded on the map , Anam is occupied only by Roman Catholics, and Siberia only by

Catholic missionaries.-EDITORS.

scorched by desert heat-all together there are aboriginal tribes among form the population of this vast and which Moslems have been doing such unevange1ized region. Not counting successful, quiet work that already the small colony of Jews, and the 100,000 nominal Christians have larger groups of Christians of the turned Moslem. In the district of Russian Orthodox Church, a few Birsk alone there are 91,000 belonging Armenian and Hindu traders, the en- to these tribes. Within ten years they tire population is Mohammedan, ex- will all be Moslems."

cept in Tibet. Islam has spread over The prevailing religion throughout all the region and dominates the heart the whole of Tibet is Lamaism, a cor- of Asia socially, intellectually and rupt form of Buddhism, but along spiritually as strongly and over- with it there still exists the older Bon whelmingly as it; does in North Af- or Shamanistic faith. Altho the gov- rica. The city of Bokhara, with IO,- ernment is conducted by commission- 000 students and 364 mosques, is the ers appointed at Peking, it is prac- Cairo of Asia; it is the center of tically in the hands of the priests or Moslem learning and influence for all lamas, whose number is so great as to the middle East. Tashkent has over give Tibet the name of a kingdom of three hundred mosques and a large priests. According to the "States- Mohammedan library. AU the great man's Year Book," nearly all the gov- cities of Central Asia, with the excep- ernment taxes are expended on these tion of those in Tibet, are out-and-out lamas, who live in sumptuously deco- Mohammedan. Afghanistan is wholly rated temples and monasteries.

Moslem and Chinese, and Russian "Among the people polyandry is com- Turkestan, with the exception of the mon. There are courts of justice, but ruling and military classes, are also doubtful cases are often decided by prevailingly Mohammedan. lot or by ordeal, and in criminal cases The social life, the literature, archi- evidence is extracted by torture." The tecture, art, etiquette and every-day whole social system in Tibet differs speech of all Central Asia bear the widely from that of its neighbors trade-mark of Islam. An ordinary on the east and the south, and is pocket-compass goes by the name of stamped by the character of the pre- "Mecca-pointer," and the wild men of vailing faith and the practise of Hunza, shut out by the mountains polyandry. In general, education is from every contact with the outside restricted to the priests alone, but the world, have no God but Allah, and no women, on the other hand, who con- idea of the world save that its center duct most of the traffic, learn writing is Arabia. and arithmetic.

Nor has the conquest of Islam The Buddhism of Tibet is not the ceased. It entered Siberia in the six- ordinary coarse heathenism of other teenth century, but in the nineteenth parts of the world, "but a heathenism century the Moslem faith won many based on hundreds of folios, evolving adherents among the pagan tribes of their philosophic system of dialectics, the north and even among the Finns a hoary heathenism, centuries older on the Volga. Baron P. Nicolay re- than Christianity. Proud, self- ports that "In the province of U pa righteous, and self-satisfied it is, in

UNOCCUPIED FIELD IN CENTRAL ASIA 59

spite of its hollowness and super- the reputation of being the most imficiality; stubbornly tenacious of life, moral cities of Asia." A so-called reand so complete and minute in its or- spectable woman may have three or ganization that it inexorably sways four husbands in a year because of the whole life, religious, political and divorce and temporary legal marsocial, of its adherents." riages. Among the Khirghiz women and the nomads of Central Asia in The testimony of all travelers and general, better conditions prevail; but of official documents agree regarding in Russian Turkestan and Bokhara the social, moral and intellectual deg- the usual results of the Moslem social radation and need of the Moslem pop- system are everywhere in evidence. ulations of Central Asia and of the people of Tibet. The languages used in the area un- der consideration are many. Tibetan, One of the darkest places of the derived from the Sanskrit, is the earth, full of the habitations of cruelty, tongue of Tibet. In Afghanistan, is Afghanistan. According to the Pushtu is common everywhere, altho "Statesman's Year Book," "judicial the Turkestanis use Turki and the corruption and bribery are universal Kafirs have a language of their own. and the criminal law based on the Persian is the court and literary lan- Koran and tradition is barbarous in guage and is taught in the schools. the extreme." Torture in every in- The languages of Chinese and Rusconceivable form is common and the sian Turkestan are Russian, Chinese, prisons at Kabul are horribly inhuman. Under the absolute rule of the Ameer, Jagatai Turki, Kashgar Turki, Kirgthere is not even the semblance of religious liberty or personal freedom. hiz Turki, Uzbeg Turki, Wogul and The new coinage of Afghanistan Wotjak. The percentage of illiteracy typifies the relation of Church and is very high. For Afghanistan it is es- State: on the obverse side of each piece timated at 90 per cent, and for Russia is a mosque with pulpit and minarets in Asia the figures given by census are encircled by rifles, standards, swords 81.8 per cent of the males and 94 per and cannon. Persons who misbehave cent of the females. Conditions in in a mosque or omit prayers receive Tibet are nearly as bad. the lash, and the spies of the chief magistrate of Kabul make him an ob- III. How Far Occupied ject of public execration and universal dread. This extensive territory, with an area of nearly 2,700,000 square miles, Immorality of the most degrading thirteen times the size of France and type is common at court and among over twice as large as all of the the Moslem clergy. The degradation United States east of the Mississippi of womanhood is complete, from the River, has within its actual bounds residents of the palace to the dancing- only two mission stations. And the girls of the street. Among the whole- population, excluding the Cau- Chantos of eastern Turkestan social casus, of over 23,000,000 souls, of and moral conditions are very low. which at least 95 per cent is non- "Flagrant immorality is well-nigh Christian, is almost entirely unreached. universal. Khotan and Keriya have The British and Foreign Bible So- ciety reports that from its depot at

Tifiis in the Caucasus four colporteurs Church at Eli there are no other mis- and two assistants are employed, and sionaries, nor is there any Christian that the circulation of the Scriptures mission work whatsoever in all east- for 1909 was I5,529 copies. Most of ern Turkestan save at the centers men- their work, however, is among the tioned, Kashgar, Yarkand and Urum- Russian troops, and the effort to chi. At all these places even, the pop- reach the Turkish tribes of trans- ulation is so large that they are only Caucasia, who are Mohammedan, is partially reached, and all the other por- only beginning. Beyond the Caucasus tions of the area are absolutely they employ one colporteur, whose neglected.

headquarters are at Tashkent. Sales In regard to Russian Turkestan, we of the Scripture there for the past must also note as possible evangelizing year were I,705 copies. forces the German Protestants to the The Swedish Mission, organized in number of 30,000 who live in the 1&)4, occupies two stations in Turkes- Caucasus, and whose influence extends tan-Kashgar and Yarkand. In to some extent across the border. In Kashgar there is one center for Mo- Khiva and Russian Turkestan there hammedan work and two centers for are some German Mennonites ex- the Chinese. The total number of pelled from Russia for one reason or missionaries is eleven. In Yarkand another, and they try to spread the there are five missionaries working gospel among the Moslems and also chiefly among the Mohammedans. At give a good example by their Chris- both stations medical mission work is tian life. There are also some German emphasized. At Kashgar there are Mennonites at Auli-Ata, eastward between seven and eight thousand from the city of Tashkent, who have patients annually. The total number commenced to distribute the gospel of native workers at the two stations and to preach among the Khirgiz is six, one of whom is a regular evan- nation. Generally speaking, however, gelist. The four gospels have been the Sarts, U zbegs, Jews, and all the translated into Kashgari and put other populatior. of Bokhara, Khiva circulation. All the rest of the New and Turkestan, are still unreached.

Testament has been translated III The gospels have been translated into Europe, but as it now stands it is un- Uzbeg, Turki and Khirgiz, and the suitable without careful revision. For whole Bible into Russian.

the Chinese the entire Bible is, of Attempts to enter Tibet were made course, available. very early in the history of missions.

The China Inland Mission has lately In I845 (not to speak of the journey placed one of its missionaries at the of the Apostle of Tartary in 1330) capital city of Urumchi, on the east Fathers Gabet and Huc penetrated to frontier of Chinese Turkestan. The Lhasa, only to be arrested and sent one worker at that city is preparing as prisoners to Canton. Numerous himself for work among the Mohan1- attempts have been made since, both medans by the study of the Turki lan- by Roman Catholic and Protestant guage. missionaries, by way of India and Save for two or three missionaries China. The Moravian Church for belonging to the Roman Catholic over forty years has been laying

UNOCCUPIED FIELD IN CENTRAL ASIA

siege in the name of Christ to these unevangelized. The Church Mission- ancient strongholds of Buddhism. A ary Society on the northwest frontier cordon of missionary posts is being of India, at Peshawar, Bannu, Dera- drawn around Tibet, and altho it is Ismail-Khan, is in close proximity weak and wi th long gaps in the links, not only to Afghanista~, but is be- it already extends westward from ginning to carryon mission work by Kashmir along the north frontier of itineration and through its hospitals, India and Burma and reaches up to as well as the circulation of the Scrip- the north of China. tures in the semi-independent states It is more than 2,000 miles from the and frontier tribal areas between the Moravian station among the Tibetan boundary line of Afghanistan and Buddhists, Ladak, to the Chinese fron- India, in Waziristan, Tirah, Swat and tier, where the China Inland Mission Chitral. But no missionary society in on this extreme outpost is trying to India has actually crossed the Afghan reach the eastern Tibetans. The whole border from the south, nor have the story of the attempted entrance into societies from Persia on the west, or this great closed land is full of heart- from China on the east, entered the stirring heroism. The Moravian areas under consideration.

brethren now occupy three stations in IV. The Task Remaining and Estimate. little Tibet. They have prepared of the Situation grammars on the language and pub- lished a dictionary and the New Tes- Lying along the northwest frontier tament in Tibetan. of India is the extended line of C. M.

The China Inland Mission, the S. outposts all the way from Quetta Christian Missionary Alliance, the in Baluchistan to Srinagar in Kash- Scandinavian Alliance Mission, the mir. Some of these missionary out- Church of Scotland Mission, the L. M. posts are organized and equipped on S., the C. M. S., and the Assam Fron- such a scale as to be real mission tier Mission have all made prepara- bases, ready to furnish both personnel tory efforts, more or less extended, to and equipment for an advance into enter this field. Tibetans who come Central Asia, where spread out for over the border for trade are in touch more than 1,000 miles due north and with these missionary agencies. The for 3,00 miles from west to east, all natural line of approach at present the way from Meshed, in Persia, to for the penetration of Tibet seems to Batham, the first frontier station in be through China. In any case, the China, is the unoccupied heart of Asia.

evangelization of western China The great historic cities of Samar- would profoundly affect conditions kand, Tashkent, Khokand, Andijan, across the Tibetan borders. in Russian Turkestan; Turfan, Aksu, The Central Asia Pioneer Mission Rami and Khotan, in Chinese Turkes- (organized 1902) has a station at tan, and the centers of population in Hoti-Marden on the border marches Afghanistan and Tibet are all with- of India, near Peshawar. The object out missionaries.

of this mission is to enter Afghanistan. Leaving out of all consideration the Within a short distance of this out- nomad tribes so hard to reach, scat- post they report 2,000 villages yet tered as they are in sparsely settled

districts, and confining our attention Russian and Chinese Turkestan, both to the great centers of population in for the education of native workers the oases, and the cities where trade and to reach the better class of Moand travel gravitate, the number of hammedans through Christian educamissionaries required for an adequate tion. As soon as there is more liberty occupation of Central Asia, on the and present hindrances are removed, basis of only one worker for every there should be three Christian col- 50,000 people, would be 468, instead leges: one for the Caucasus, one at of a handful of isolated workers m Bokara, and one for Chinese Turkesdistant outposts. tan at Kashgar or Yarkand. Because this field is thoroughly Mohammedan To occupy only the great cities in in its character, the need for women Tibet, Afghanistan, Chinese Turkes- workers is as extensive and intensive tan and Russian Turkestan, together as is that for men. with the vassal states of Bokhara and Khiva, would mean at least one hun- When we consider the desperate dred missionaries, and of that number condition of the whole population, deat least one-half should be medical prived of all medical skill and subject mISSIOnaries. Colonel Wingate, in to every superstition and cruelty, the writing of the spiritual needs of Cen- establishment of modern mission hostral Asia, says: pitals in each of th elarge centers of population seems not only essential "One remark is applicable to all the but imperative. tribes that lie beyond the Indian frontier, to the Mohmands and Shinwaris, In regard to literary work, much to the Kohistanis and the Chitrals, to remains to be done. A periodical in the inhabitants of Swat and Dir, of Turki should be published and a large Hunza and Yasin, that they are all Christian literature prepared in the to-day without the help and relief of various vernaculars spoken. medical science and skill, and would hail with uncommon thankfulness the In the judgment of some missionary arrival of the medical missionary with leaders, the best lines of advance in his dispensary and hospital, for the the immediate future for the strategic sake of which they would tolerate his occupation of Central Asia might be Bible and listen to his exhortations, indicated as follows: First, to and learn to love the Savior of all strengthen by immediate reenforcemankind." ment the work begun so courageously and successfully at Kashgar and And what is true of the borders of Yarkand by the Swedish Mission, and Afghanistan is true of all the regions to have missions under Swedish or beyond. Danish societies begin work in the other great centers along the Russian The experience of all workers in railway in Turkestan. This work Moslem lands is unanimous that could best be done by such societies greater and better results can be ob- as would not be under political sustained through the work of medical picion on the part of the Russian Govmissionaries than in any other way ernment. A line of missionary outamong this class of people. posts might well run from New Chaman in Baluchistan to Hunza, in Educational work should be organized in all of the great cities of

UNOCCUPIED FIELD IN CENTRAL ASIA

the tributary states of Kashmir, ann traveler who has visited these lands. include between these two flanks the "I remember the rude Mongols," says stations of Wana, Sherrannee, ThaI, Colonel Younghusband, "far away in Chitral, Mustaj and Yasin. All of the midst of the Gobi desert, setting these points, altho devoid of mission- apart in their tents the little altars at aries, have already been occupied for which they worshiped. I recall nights a number of years as centers of Brit- spent in the tents of the wandering ish influence and administration by Khirgiz, when the family of an evethe political, civil and military offi- ning would say their prayers tocers of the government of India. gether; I think of the Afghan and From Hoti-Mardan as a center, the Central Asian merchants visiting me towns of Aladand and Thana in Swat, at Yarkand, and in the middle of of Dir in Baraul, Kiladrosh in Chitral, their visits asking to be excused while and Kamdesh in Kafiristan, should be they laid down a cloth on the floor and occupied. That this advance is possi- repeated their prayers; of the late ble is the opinion not only of mission- Mehtar of Chitral, during a morning's aries in India, but of Christian gov- shooting among the mountains, halternment officers. If the missionary is ing, with all his court, for a few mogoing to wait until the foreign office ments to pray; and, lastly, of the wild sanctions his going and guarantees his men of Hunza, whom I had led up a protection or the vengeance of any in- new and difficult pass, pausing as they jury done him, then the doors are reached the summit to offer a prayer closed. If the missionary is to wait of thanks, and ending with a shout until it is safe to take his wife and of 'Allah '" And this is only one teschildren into Central Asia with him, timony how the heart of Asia is it may not be possible, but the doors thirsting for the living God. are not closed to those who are willing to go in the same way as the selected The fact that there are great diffi. officers of the British Government. culties and apparently insurmountable "Unmarried men, or those who are obstacles which have hindered the willing to leave their families at home, evangelization of Central Asia in the knowing the language, strong, robust, past should not limit our faith or cool fearless, tactful-if we had a hundred our ardor to-day. The reasons for the of such qualified men, carefully se- long neglect and for the present utlected, there would be little difficulty terly inadequate occupation of any of in putting them into positions of these countries of Central Asia were enormous advantage for the spiritual doubtless both religious and political. occupation of Central Asian terri- The fanatic intolerance and pride of tories." Islam or Lamaism have baffled the faith and deferred the hope of those The present spiritual destitution who might otherwise, perhaps, have and the age-long neglect of all these entered and possest the land. Tibet countries is the strongest possible ar- still seems closed against the actual gument for their occupation. The residence of missionaries, altho the pathos of all these millions still people are being reached across its groping restlessly for the true light borders. In Afghanistan there is tofinds a voice in the record of every day an absolute veto against any mis-

sionary entering, and there is little have a strong claim to recognition.

prospect of this changing under the The recent rapprochement of Russia present regime. A convert from and Great Britain and the new demar- Islam to Christianity is regarded, cation of their respective spheres of within the realms of the Ameer, as influence in Persia will doubtless lead having committed a capital offense, to mutual understanding, and may yet and both law and public opinion throw open wide even the doors of justify his execution. Afghanistan for the proclamation of Conditions in Russian Turkestan the gospel.

and among the Chantos of Chinese It is not probable that amid all the Turkestan are not so intolerant. restless movements in the neighboring Everywhere the entrance of a med- Moslem nations-Turkey, Persia and ical missionary might prove the be- India-Central Asia and Afghanistan ginning of established work. Re- will remain dormant. On the con- garded from the purely political stand- trary, there are indications that the point, officers in the British army have Pan-Islamic movement has reached again and again admitted that hos- Bokhara and Kabul, as well as Orem- pitals and dispensaries are a valuable burg and Tiflis. Not only is there dis- asset in the pacification of frontier cussion of social reform in the Moslem tribes, and as one of the missionaries press of Russia, but the Tatar paper, expresses it: "Now is the opportunity Terdjuman, recently contained a prop- and we must seize it or sit with folded osition calling for a Pan-Islamic con- hands while others step in and do in gress to discuss the reformation of another name what should have been Islam. At present the Moslems of done in the name of Christ." Chinese Turkestan are "the essence of The policy of Russian advance in imperturbable mediocrity. They live Central Asia, as exprest in the a careless, easy, apathetic existence; famous circular dispatch of Prince nothing disturbs them. It is their Gortchakoff,* admits "that the posi- destiny, shut away from the rest of tion of Russia in Central Asia is that the world, to lead a dull, spiritless, of all civilized states which are but easy and perhaps happy life, which brought into contact with half-savage, they allow nothing to disturb." Let nomad populations possessing no fixt these Moslems, however, once become social organization . . . with the ob- aroused through the press or the der- ject not of extending beyond all rea- vish preacher, and who can tell what sonable bounds the regions under our might be the result in Central Asia.

august master's scepter, but in giving Now is the opportunity to carry the a solid basis to his rule in guarantee- gospel to them.

ing their security and in developing Nothing can hold back the advance their social organization, their com- of Western civilization into the very merce, their well-being and their civili- heart of Asia. The railway and the zation." If this official expression of caravan are forcing upon them the real purpose of Russia in Central through every pass and along every Asia be still true, then missions surely channel of communication the latest * Date~ November 21, 1864; see Hamilton's "Af· inventions of our times. At Kabul ghanistan," appendix, pages 493·497. one may see motor-cars, sewing-

UNOCCUPIED FIELD IN CENTRAL ASIA

machines, gramophones, rifles and mounted by those who have faith in smokeless-powder. One of the results God. The kingdoms and the governof the visit of the Ameer of Afghanis- ments of this world have frontiers tan to India was that he arranged for which must not be crossed, but the the erection of looms in his capital, and Gospel of Jesus Christ has no fronnow we hear of the transportation by tier. It never has been kept within camel-train of pianos, and motor-cars, bounds; it has a message for the whole and a plant for wireless telegraphy race and the very fact that there are through the Khyber Pass. For the millions of souls in Central Asia who management of all these modern in- have never heard the message bedustries a staff of European engineers comes the strongest of reasons why and mechanics is admitted into the we must carry it to them. Every year country. For some years European we hear of further advance into these physicians, both men and women, have regions of Central Asia by commerce, been under the protection and the pay by travelers and by men of science. If of the Ameer, and yet the missionary they can open a way for themselves is forbidden entrance. in spite of all these difficulties, shall the ambassadors of the cross shrink Afghanistan is perhaps to-day the back? The fact that Central Asia has most difficult country for a missionary .for the first time a place in the prayers to enter. Not only is the Ameer's and faith and enterprise of even a written permission necessary, but the few Christians is a sure promise of Indian Government also must consent its final evangelization. and no European is allowed to cross the frontier without permit. It is al- BIBLIOGRAPHY most as difficult for those who are employed by the Ameer to return to The Statesman's Year Book, 1909; Ellsworth India. Even the British political Huntington, The Pulse of Asia, New York, 1907; agent residing in Kabul is little better David Fraser, The Marches of Hindustan, Edin· than a prisoner, and hundreds of peo- burgh, 1907; Perceval Landon, The Opening of ple have been killed merely on sus- Tibet, New York, 1905; Dr. Susie C. Rynhart, picion of having visited him and With, Tibetans in Tent and Tempte, New York, given reports' of the doings of the 1901; Annie Taylor, Pioneering in Tibet, (n. d.); government. Yet all these difficulties H. G. Schneider, Working and Waiting for Tibet, of long neglect, of political barriers, (n. d.); Angus Hamilton, Afghanistan" London, and national jealousies, and religious 1906; Frank A. Martin, Un,der the Absolute Ameer, intolerance, in Tibet as well as in New York, 1907; Ralph P. Cobbold, I.nnermost Afghanistan, are oo.ly a challenge to Asia, London, 1900; Sven Hedin, Through Asia, 2 faith and intended of God to lead us volumes, London, 1898; Our N oythwest Frontier to prayer. The evangelization of Cen- in India, C. M. S. Review, August, 1908; T. H. tral Asia has in it the glory of the im- Pennell, Among the Wild Tribes of the Afghan possible, and all difficulties can be sur- Frontier, Younghusband, The Heart of a Conti· nentj Wright's Asiatic Russia, 2 volumes, Lon- don. 1903.

Current numbers of RC'vue du Monde Mussulman, Paris; Dawn in Central Asia, London; The Geo· graphical Journal, London; Colonel S. Wingate, The Spiritual Needs of Central Asia, and Some Features of Chinese Turkestan. BY REV. H. LOOMIS, YOKOHOMA, JAPAN Report for the Year 1909 among Japanese emigrants, you will find a larger percentage of them are The past year has shown steady and Christians than are to be found in the encouraging progress in Christian home land. For instance, there are work in Japan. In a summary given fifteen Congregational churches (Japby Rev. Dr. Davis at the recent semi- anese) in Hawaii, with 748 members; centennial conference in Tokyo, he re- there are independent Baptist and ported as follows: Methodist churches in Seattle; and on the rolls of the first Presbyterian "There are now nearly 600 or- Church at Seattle are the names of 238 ganized churches in Japan. More members. The Presbyterian Church than one-fourth are self-supporting. in San Francisco has r75 members, These churches have a membership ex- and Miss Harwood reports there must ceeding 70,000. Last year the mem- be in the different churches at Los bership increased ten per cent. There Angeles at least 600 members. And are nearly 500 ordained Japanese these are only samples of what will be workers, 600 unordained male work- found in China, Korea, Manchuria ers, 200 Bible women, nearly 100,000 and wherever the Japanese are. scholars taught in over 1,000 Sabbathschools. There are about 4,000 stu- Testimony from an Outsider dents in Christian boarding-schools, and roo Christian kindergartens and There are also other results of other day-schools where 8,000 scholars Christian effort that are neither tabuare taught. About 400 students are lated nor reported, and yet they are a trained in the theological schools, and factor of no small importance in the 250 women in women's Bible-schools. religious life of the Japanese. In the Several of the larger churches have review of the recent semi-centennial organized missionary societies which conference there appeared in the public are extending the work in Japan and press an article by Mr. Kanzo Uchiin Formosa, Korea, Manchuria, and mura, who is a man of recognized China. The Protestant Christians ability and influence and has quite a gave for Christian work last year following among young Japanese as a nearly 300,000 yen ($150,000)." religious teacher. He affiliates with none of the sects and takes simply the But the figures given in the annual Word of God as his guide. Speaking reports come far short of showing of the recent semi-centennial conferwhat is the actual strength of Chris- ence, he says : "We must not forget tianity among the Japanese. It was that there are hundreds and thousands estimated by Bishop Evington that of Christians in Japan who have had previous to the year 1900 there had nothing to do with missionaries, and been a loss from the rolls of some who naturally on that account would 30,000 members. Such persons have take little or no interest in such a connot ordinarily given up Christianity ference." (in fact, I suppose that such are the exception), but had removed in most That there are Christians in this cases to other places, or to some other country who were not converted by country. Go where you will and missionaries or their agents, and who

IN JAPAN

without belonging to any church, and in numbers and interest all the time. knowing nothing about dogmas and I wrote you last year of the number sacraments and ecclesiastical orders, of soldiers in Manchuria who were are yet devout believers in God and calling for the gospel, and that twenty- Christ, is a fact very little known, I five or more were writing me for think. But that such is a fact is in- teaching. controvertible. "This year many of those men were "Christianity outside of churches" sent home and new ones took their is taking hold of the Japanese people places. Some who received the truth far more strongly than missionaries must remain in their regiments imagine. The Western idea, that a another year. But they are telling the religion must show itself in an or- good news to their comrades and ganiied form before it can be recog- many are asking the way of life. Not nized as a religion at all, is alien to long ago a letter came from one who the Japanese mind. With us, religion has been so zealous in leading others is more a family affair than national to study the Word with the names of or social, as is shown by the strong fifteen of his fellow soldiers who asked hold that Confucianism has had upon for the gospel. Now there are thirty us, without showing itself in any or- writing me from Manchuria telling ganized societies and movements. And me of their isolated, lonely lives, and I am confident that Christianity is begging me to send them the gospels now, slowly but steadily taking the and Christian literature. I have done place of Confucianism as the family this as far as I have been able, and to religion of the Japanese. Indeed, I show their appreciation and desire to can cite a number of cases where have it, they sent 2.50 yen to pay Christianity has been adopted in this postage. I want to send each one of form by my countrymen. those men a copy of the 'New Testa- ment for New Year's. As far as I see, Christianity is making progress in this country far "Then those who returned to their ahead of missionaries. This new homes here in Japan have been sowing form of Christianity adopted by my the seed among their friends here, and countrymen is neither orthodox nor letters are coming from people whom unitarian. We go to Jesus of Naza- I have never seen nor heard of before, reth directly, and aim to live and be asking to know the way of life. I made like Him. And I am confident want some Testaments to send them, that in making the statement, I voice too. May I have 100 copies? a sentiment of many, both known and unknown to me, who are disciples of "I am still in correspondence with Christ without having any connection over 200 people who are seeking, and with so-called "churches." want to be saved. There is nothing but the Gospel of Christ can save Work for the Soldiers their hungry souls, and I long to give it to them. "The work over the country-I mean Japan, Korea, and Manchuria," "I wonder if we realize how many people there are in this empire who says Miss L. J. Wirick, "is growing are reading the Word of God in the quiet hours of the home? And it is

blest to know that so many are calJing Christian literature is read far more for it, too." widely than many think, by non- Christians as well as by Christians. Circulation of the Bible The words of the prophets and apos- tles are quoted in the daily newspapers Owing to the absence of one of the alongside of the words of the ancient agents during the greater part of the sages of China; and many of the sayyear, and other causes, the sale of the ings of Christ are coming to be almost Scriptures was not as large as during household words. No other religious the year preceding. But the demand books are so generally read and ponis not less than heretofore, and when dered as the Christian Scriptures. we consider the fact that more than Amid the present confusion in ethical five million copies of the Bible, Tes- thought, Christian ethics are recogtament and Portions have been circu- nized by many as being the highest lated in this country during the last standard of living; and their straight thirty years, it is a wonder that so gate and narrow way are seen to lead many are being sold all the time. The to life, even by those who do .not total circulation during 1909 was themselves enter them. The Chris- 8,844 Bibles, 83AIO Testaments, and tian world-view is growing more and 255,541 Portions. more familiar; and when the Chris- tian preacher, standing in the presence This large and continuous demand of men of education, speaks of God, for the Scriptures is a sure indication he seldom any longer needs to say of a real desire among the Japanese that, when he speaks of God, he to know what the teachings of Chris- means the infinite, eternal, unchangetianity are. It is reported that there is able, and yet personal Presence that among the students especially a keen fills all the universe with His glory. desire to know the life and teachings Thus, around the churches there is of Jesus. A secular publishing-house forming an ever-widening ring of has put out a life of Christ, based upon those who are seeking after God, if Farrar and David Smith, which has haply they may find him." had a large sale. More Missionaries Wanted Another surprizing and interesting fact is that during the past ten years Looking over the vast field, and two hundred thousand copies of the seeing how much there is that is still Christian Union hymn-book in J ap- unoccupied, the J apanese hav~ awaanese have been sold. kened to the realization of the great and pressing need; and, contrary to Christianity and Society their attitude a few years ago, are asking for more missionaries. This The result of Bible distribution, is also being urged by such men as Christian preaching, and religious Rev. Mr. Ebina, who is one of the teaching are becoming more and more most popular leaders in Japan, and evident, and also in various ways. has not been classed hitherto as espe- Speaking of the work of the Holy cially friendly to foreigners. In a re- Spirit in Japan, Rev. Dr. Imbrie, in cent article on the subject of the his historical address at the recent conference, says, "Christian truths and Christian principles are finding their way into the minds of the people.

"Foreign Missionaries in Japan," he thirty-four for evangelistic work and writes; "In our opinion, it can not six for education. Similar requests be said that your mission in Japan is are being made from other missions. yet completed. It must be recognized that this mission is taking on a new Independence of the Japanese Churches significance and is becoming constantly clearer. Our revered and beloved For a number of years past there foreign missionaries are the living rep- has been a growing desire on the part resentatives of the lofty religiousness of the Japanese Christians to be inand experience which we Japanese dependent of foreign control. Some now demand. Whether the nation shall have a vigorous and well- of the mission boards have been unrounded development or not depends willing to grant it, owing to the fact on whether or not we assimilate this that so much money was being inconsciousness and experience. vested in different ways it was ieared that some of it might not be used in "You, with your strong, clear, accordance with the wishes and purethical consciousness and your kindly, pose of the donors. peaceful, loving sensibilities, have you not a motive that ought to call forth But the Congregationalists led the faith fr0111 us in Japan? If you are way, and later the Methodists, and a conscious of this, th en your mission part of the Presbyterian bodies have is as clear as the day. P olitical and followed. The results have been more economic affairs do not bring us into satisfactory than was expected. In direct relation. It is based upon the fact, it is conceded by those who are Christianity of America, which you represent, in our own spiritual life. Should you not exert yourselves to the utmost, not only for the peace between America and Japan, but in a real sense for the establishment of the Kingdom of God? Now is the time, we firmly believe, for you to bestir yourselves and manifest the seriousness of your purpose. You simply must not furl the banner of Christ; nay, rather you should lift up and advance and proclaim the gospel of the Kingdom of God on earth."

Following out this desire on the part of the Japanese for more helpers in their work, the Canadian Methodist Mission has made an estimate of the foreign missionaries needed in their part of the field during the next five years and made an appeal to the Home Board for forty new missionaries,

most concerned that it has been entire- ily cooperating in every essential mat- ly successful. Speaking for the Con- ter.

gregationalists, Rev. Dr. Greene says, "Some will naturally ask the ques- "Hardly ever before in any land has tion, 'How does the missionary feel Christianity borne riper or more about the change?" To the writer it varied fruit at so early a stage in its seems that the feeling is one of gen- history. And it is a matter for great eral satisfaction. The missionary is rejoicing that with this growth in freer to do the work than under the numbers and this multiplicity of labors old conditions, and of work there is there has been manifested an increas- certainly any amount, and enough for ing sense of responsibility for the two or three times the present mis- evangelization of Japan. There has sionary force in Japan. At any rate, already grown up a large body of self- we have not heard an expression of supporting churches which are deep- desire to get back to the old condi- ly imbued with the belief that it is tions, not even for the sake of the mis- their duty to prove to the world that sionary."

Christianity is no longer an exotic, General Outlook but has planted its roots firmly in J ap- As to the general outlook, Rev. Mr.

anese soil." Johnson, of the East Japan Mission, In a report of the annual meeting writes, "There is in Japan to-day of the mission of the American Board, among the leaders of the people, al- Rev. Mr. Lombard writes, "Especially most a universal cry for a stable basis pleasing were the many references of morality. The suicides and gross that gave evidence of the successful immoralities of students and business cooperation of the mission and the men have startled the people into in- Kumiai churches, thus further estab- quiring the reasons for such moral lishing the value of the policy that failures. Hitherto education was maintains complete mutual independ- thought to be sufficient, but the help- ence with the closest cooperative ac- lessness of the people is made appar- tivity." ent in the appeal of the Minister for Rev. Dr. Spencer testifies in regard Education that teachers and pro- to the satisfaction that has been felt fessors would try to inculcate moral in the Methodist body as to the work- ideas in those whom they taught.

ing of the plan of having a Japanese Right here we come in touch with bishop in control. In an account of this awakening conscience. All over their last annual meeting he writes, the land, from cold, wind-swept "There has not appeared on the part Hokkaido to sunny Formosa, farmers, of the Japanese any act manifesting artizans, students, merchants and the desire to exclude the foreigner. scholars are listening to the gospel He has been welcomed in all its ses- message and are being led into the sions, his voice has been heard in its kingdom. Never before has the nation deliberations, and no discrimination in been in a better attitude to receive the voice or vote is made against the mis- Truth. She is reaching out for. some- sionary. The utmost harmony and thing higher. We believe she is reach- good will has prev3iled throughout, ing for the Truth.

the missionary and the Japanese heart- "The best piece of news concerning

A GARDEN OF THE LORD IN THE

our work in the "Hokkaido is the invi- schools, before closed, are opening to tation of the president of the steel- the gospel." rolling plant to one of our Presbyterian missionaries. The company is Speaking of the future of Chriswilling to provide a home for the tianity in Japan, Dr. Motoda says, "It missionary and to equip him for his is our firm belief that Christianity will work among the six thousand em- be the future religion for the greatest ployees. What a wonderful oppor- number of the people of Japan, that tunity to bring the gospel message policy has nothing to do with the matand influence to such a company of ter, and that Christianity will be unimen." versally adopted, not because it is politic to do so, but on account of its Rev. ]. E. Hail, of the West Japan giving full satisfaction to the spiritual Mission, writes, "Marked are the evi- needs of man." dences of God's hand in recent movements affecting the whole empire. In a description of a Christian meet- During the late war, Christian work ing at the hall of the Y. M. C. A. in among the soldiers reached tens of Tokyo, the writer says, "There was thousands, who, with a favorable re- a refinement and a sweetness in those port of Christianity, have returned as faces which one does not often see, victorious heroes to homes and vil- and when one listened to what was lages heretofore shut against Christ. said by the speakers of the day and Reports of the evangelical addresses heard the prayers that were offered, at the World's Students' Federation new visions of the immediate future Conference, the first international rose before one's eyes, and that augathering ever held in the Orient, dience seemed like the city of God were published in all the dailies and set on a hilI, into which shall be gathread by millions. Homes, villages, ered all the children of God that are scattered abroad."

A GARDEN OF THE LORD IN THE SOLOMONS SECOND ARTICLE * BY NORTH COTE DECK We are anchored now at Tulagi, in The evening meeting is just over. the Solomons, where we have come in As I looked at the ring of woolly heads, the mission vessel Evangel for mails bowed over tattered hymn-books and and supplies. It is raining and blow- Bibles, around a flickering hurricaneing hard and at night the wind has a lantern on the hatch, while the wind wonderful way of whisking through howled and the awnings flapped and the rigging which makes one wish for the rain drove in gusts across the deck, dry land and home, where there is no I thought of the· well-lighted churches need to think of anchors dragging or and the quiet Sunday evenings at cables breaking. But we have had a home. Sunday so happy that one thanks Him again and again for the joy of being .Yet cheerless as it was outwardly, here in His service. the Lord came near to cheer, for He went through many such storms in His * For the first part see July REVIEW, pp 529, et. seq.

earthly wanderings. He is a high Then very simply we told of God's priest that can be touched with the remedy; "His medicine," reverently I feeling of our infirmities, and He has liked to call it. As they sat around on a gracious way of giving a peculiar mats, some quite children, some old joy in such service and surroundings men with horrible sores, some young which makes up for everything else. wives gaily decorated with beads, or _ Thinking over the many strange ex- men with strings of white cowrieperiences of our floating home, one's shells across their foreheads; then I mind went back to a meetipg held in thought I saw another: a heavenly wide Wanoni Bay, on the far-off Visitor, unseen yet real, and I wonisland of San Christoval. School dered how much they would have to was begun there three years ago by be changed to be like Him, as is his six men from Malaita at the urgent wish. Then the meeting ended with a entreaty of Peter Wetigo, a solitary simple hymn, almost a chorus, "Jesus Christian man who lived in the bay, saves me just now, just now Jesus where I had my first real experience saves me." of preaching to heathen. After lunch there was a quiet meet- The meeting was held in a large ing of the Christians, to carry out the house, with doors made high up and Master's wishes when He said, "This narrow, in self-defense, so that no one do in remembrance of me." I rememcould get in quickly. There were ber it was raining at the time, a heavy three seats of honor-three stumps- squall from the mountains around, but one for myself, one for the interpreter, it only seemed to shut us in with Him while on the third the old chief, idly more closely; and the surf thundered fanned himself with his great hat and on the beach a dozen yards away, but grunted approval at intervals. it only emphasized the absolute still- ness in the room as that little company Unaccustomed to native audiences, of Christians sat with heads bowed it was with very mixed feelings that reverently. one stood up to tell them about the Way. While one described the Passover feast held year after year for many The feeling which was uppermost centuries, until one evening it was held was one of utter helplessness as I for the last time in the presence of the looked at some of the faces around One who came to fulfil the picture of and wondered how they could possibly the passover lamb; and then as one understand these things which are. described the upper room, the strife, the feet-washing, and repeated the Spiritually discerned, it made one last command, "Love one another," I long afresh for the prayers of friends think most of our hearts were bared at home. We count it joy to come to His eye and bowed to His comhere, leaving home and comfort, but mand. we are helpless unless God works and' friends at home pray; always remem- Then the simple elements were ber that. We had a sheet on the wall passed around and absolute stillness with the Ten Commandments, and, reigned as we remembered Him and likening them to a foot-rule by which tried to forget the world around. Sudwe measure, tried to show how, by this denly I caught myself wondering how standard, all men "come short."

19IO] A GARDEN OF THE LORD IN THE SOLOMONS

it all appealed to the group of heathen those months were. Do you remem- natives i!1 the next room, as without ber that verse about buying up the moving they squatted around in dif- opportunities? That just seems to fit ferent attitudes silently watching this this man, with his brief and fruitful strange, impressive service through service.

the open door of the darkened room While at Wanoni I paid a visit to beyond, their white eyeballs gleaming all that remains to remind the world in the gloom and the strings of white of Tom Solomon. There was great cowrie-shells making strange mark- difficulty in getting a guide, all being ings on their faces. And then we afraid, as well they might because it scattered, each, I think, wanting to was full of danger to them. We fol- be alone to live over again those lowed the river up some two miles, solemn moments of fellowship with a dark eerie gorge, the stream rush- Him. ing over boulders and between banks This district, too, like so many of ferns and overhanging creepers.

others here, has already its martyr. Sometimes we jumped from boulder Tom Solomon was a candidate in to boulder, or climbed around pro- Queensland, but returned to the jecting banks, holding on to decaying islands before being baptized. Coming roots and fragrant creepers, till we back to Wanoni Bay he began attend- reached a place where there was a ing school at once; but he did more. little more sunshine and a narrow Taught like all the others that he was ledge bet'ieen the river and the steep, "saved to serve," he became a zealous rising hill. Here we found the over- worker, bringing so many to school grown garden and the blackened and that the chief on his side of the river desolate ruin of a native hut. Only became alarmed. the skeleton framework was left, So he invited T 0111 back to his old gaunt and bare. I could not help home on the banks of a mountain looking up on the hills around for river under pretense that he wanted some savage face watching tiS out of a school. There silently in the dead the bush.

of night three men fell on him and But it was all silent, deadly silent, hacked him to pieces with axes. Tak- except for the rustle of the stream ten ing what remained of his body, they feet below; and a kind of chill came threw it over the high bank of ferns over us all. At any moment some one into the river below and then burned might have safely shot us from above.

down the house. Among the ashes near where the The chief refused to allow anyone head of the dead man's bunk had ap- to bury the body. So there in the parently been, I came across the stream, head down, it lay, a ghastly blackened and rusted head of an ax, warning to alI others not to come to perhaps one of those used that dark school; till God, I think, in pity sent night.on the unsuspecting man. And a flood which carried the body down there the three of us, bareheaded, and out to sea, where it awaits "that stooping under the broken rafters, great day." with the music of the stream in our Tom had only been home a few ears, joined in reverent prayer- short months; yet how well invested prayer that God would look down and

that He would avenge the blood of beach. Truly "if a corn of wheat fall His servant by bringing in many into the ground and die it bringeth through this thing, "That he being forth much fruit," and friends, we dead might yet speak." What a com- ought to lay down our lives for the fort that Jesus knows and cares. brethren. The fruit appears already, for one of those stealthy murderers Then parting the ferns which shut has since been converted after steadily out the river from view, we turned attending the services, and now the down-stream and homeward; and I old chief wants to move down to the noticed that the guides went faster beach to have school in his village, than before and seemed relieved when and we expect a martyr's harvest. at last we stept unharmed onto the A MOSLEM INVITATION AND A CHRISTIAN RESPONSE flY GEORGE F. HERRICK, D.D.

Eight centuries ago, when the world sons of men. What then have we to was Europe and the Nearer East, do with "attack" and "defense," with there rang through Christendom the "army" and "conquest"? We may recry, "To arms! Let us rescue the gret dropping the word "crusade" beholy sepulcher from the infidel; snatch cause of its etymological meaning, but the symbols of our faith from Moslem even this word conveys so sinister a hands." Is it not the irony of history meaning to those we wish to help that that to-day Moslem bayonets alone it is better that we simply let it hold prevent "Christians" from fiying at its place in past history, each other's throats in those holy places? Hark! is the cry echoed from the east to the west, from Moslem to The "Christian" nations are indeed Christian lands, a challenge? It lacks armed to-day in a fashion which the ring of a challenge. It is too makes us smile at the brave panoply plaintive for that. It is altogether in of the crusading knights as we do at a minor key. It is a cry for help. It children's mimicry of war. But the is a distress signal. "Have compasforces that are gathered here have no sion on our poverty, our ignorance, armies at their back. Competition in our helplessness. Help us to break the hurried laying down of Dread- and cast away the fetters riveted and noughts in the great ship-building rusting on our limbs for ages and genyards does not concern them. The erations. We see you standing erect, very terminology of war and battle we like men, clothed, fed, sheltered, discard. See! we wear no coats of walking, running, winning in the race mail; siege guns, mountain batteries, of life. Give us a fraternal hand. armored cruisers we have none. Never mind our conceit of a lineage Enemies we have none among all the and a national history confessedly il-

1910j A MOSLEM: INVI'fATION ANt A CHRISTIAN RESPONSE

lustrious and more ancient than your march with us along the path of maown. Don't remind us too often that terial progress toward the attainment all that is noble in our lineage and of material prosperity and wen-being. our history is underground. You can They are attempting at one bound the help us. Come and let us help you establishment of constitutional governto see how you can effectually bring ment. They are learning the ABC us the help we need. of liberty, individual and national, and they have not yet learned the entire Now, as we consider what the in- alphabet. They do some groping in vitation and welcome extended by the conduct of a deliberative and legis- Moslem peoples to Christians of the lative assembly. But they are honestly West really signifies and implies, let trying to learn and put in practise the us see and frankly acknowledge that, lesson learned through experience except in very few and isolated cases, and practise, ages long, by the Westit does not imply any readiness to ac- ern nations, and in this they ask our cept and profess our religion in place help. It is in a good degree a fra:- of their ancestral faith. Our privilege ternal appeal. The appeal is meeting and duty in this regard will be consid- with a fraternal, if not wholly unselfered further on. ish response.

I. What, Then, Do Moslem Peoples Ask Egypt, perhaps, presents the best il- lustration of the significance and value From Christians of the West? of the Christian response to this cry of an opprest and distrest people. We I. The Moslem world powers ask see there a Moslem people, in the "Christians" to come and teach them space of a quarter of a century, lifted, the art of war on sea and land, as under Christian influence, out of dense "Christians" practise it, and to supply poverty and its attendant hopelessness them with such war material, such into rapidly increasing material prosweapons of precision as will enable perity; lifted from abject, almost anithem, as Japan has done, to cope on· mal, slavery into conscious manhood. equal terms with their "Christian" neighbors; and "Christian" nations Even in Turkey, under the iron rule are acceding to their request. of absolutism, progress was making in the larger cities of the empire for The question here raised is one which the long stride toward liberty and runs deeper than the purely political material prosperity taken two years relations of Mohammedan to Christian ago. Better roads, better houses, betgovernments. One fact we are in ter lighting, better sanitation are evidanger of failing, it may be fatally dence of progress made. In these and failing, to grasp, viz., that in a Moslem in other and similar ways Mohammestate questions civil and questions re- dans in Turkey have profited from ligious, civil officers and religious of- their proximity to their neighbors of ficers, are not merely united: they are the West. Along this path of progress identical. The sharpest sword a Mos- they will, we hope, advance, with more lem ruler wields is that of his prophet. elastic step, in the years to come. Church and State in Islam are vitally joined and inseparable. 3. Leading Mussulmans invite and welcome Christian help in their efforts 2. Moslems and Moslem peoples are asking us to help them arise and

worthily to educate their people high-school conducted by the Amerthrough schools and the press; to in- ican mission in Constantinople, three troduce scientific healing, and even in were Mussulmans. Of the three, two, their struggle, under great difficulties, brother and sister, were from one for social reform. family and had attended the school for seven years. The father, a physician, Weare far from claiming that the was the most intensely interested Mussulman peoples of Turkey, as a listener present at the closing exerwhole, or any large fraction of those cises of the school. The mother also peoples, join in this appeal to us for was present on a balcony overlooking help in these more vital movements the stage. There was no person shartoward reform. ing in the exercises of that occasion more self-possest, more modest and How much in earnest, how intelli- less self-conscious, than the young gent and determined some thousands Turkish maiden of that little group of of Mohammedans have long been in pupils. their effort to approach a Christian standard intellectually, hygienically, What possibilities of good and that and morally has ~en abundantly evi- of the highest are not infolded within denced by the increasing number of the high moral and Christian training Mussulman youth attending Christian of the schools and the press estabschools in Constantinople, in Cairo, in lished among Mussulman peoples by Beirut, in Tabriz, Teheran, and all Christians of the West and now welover India; by the rapidly increasing comed by those peoples. circulation of the Bible and of Christian literature among Mohammedans What, then, and how much has been and by the crowding of our hospitals accomplished in our response to the with Mussulman patients. On the invitation and welcome extended by part of all these there is a cordiality, Mohammedans to Christians of the a gratitude, a manifestation of frater- West ? We will make no boast connal feeling quite as marked as is found cerning the purely material benefits among profest Christians. Examples conferred by Christians upon Mohamof what is here stated could be given medans in the later years. They which would swell this brief paper into themselves make much of this. Some a large volume. results of this contact between the East and the West has more than ma- Observe that all this is new in the terial worth. But if this were all, we history and experience of Mussulman have done little of real and permanent peoples. That it is profoundly signifi- value in relation to our fellow men as cant, who can doubt? That in Tur- spiritual or even as moral beings. key, till July, 1908, all this accumulating influence of Christian upon Mo- But when we consider what is inhammedan was altogether outside of volved in the third class of influences anything resembling a propagandist mentioned, which are welcomed by movement, that the approach has been an liberal and enlightened Mohammefrom Moslem to Christian adds great- dans, the value of the influence is imly to its significance and value. mensely increased.

In the class of eight, two boys and Waive for the moment the purely six girls, graduating last year from a intellectual uplift which Western edu-

1910J A MOSLEM INVITATION AND A CHRISTIAN RESPONSE

cation brings to Mussulman peoples. hardly for a Christian to enter the lists Estimate, if you can, the significance in refutation of this interpretation, of the moral training which we are in- even tho it necessitates the sealing up vited to bring to Moslems. There are of many specific commands Qf the many excellent moral precepts in the Koran and an ignoring of the whole Koran, but there are other teach- history of Islam. The welcoming of ings, "revelations" called out by the Christian civilization and education by moral degeneracy of Mohammed's Moslem peoples wiII produce sur- later life, which have profoundly and prizing results. Give to Mussulman balefulIy influenced the devotees of children of this and coming genera- Islam for almost thirteen hundred tions the ethical teachings of Christ's years. The significance of this in- "Sermon on the Mount," as· the foun- fluence is seen in the necessity under dation on which to build their charac- which the most intelIigent Mohamme- ters, and then fraternity will be neither dans feel themselves placed to resent spasmodic nor superficial. And then Christian criticism of Mohammed's a religion of creed and form disso- moral lapses, or to apologize for them ciated from life and conduct will be a on the ground that a prophet can not thing of the past, and the great err, and also by completely divorcing dynamic of the personality of Jesus religion from life, and that both theo- will demonstrate its attractive and retically and practically. In the light saving power. of the life and teaching of Jesus, where true religion and true life are identi- II. Our Invitation to Mohammedans and fied, it is monstrous to claim that a man may be at once a favorite of the Their Response Most High and a sensualist and merciless to his enemies. What is this invitation? In one word it is an invitation to accept Jesus Events like those of April, 1908, at Christ alone as revealer of God and and near Adana, and like those which Savior of men. took place all over Turkey in 1895-96, are entirely in accord with specific The response made to this invitaprecepts found in the Koran and with tion by the overwhelming mass of the "prophetic" example, and will recur 230,000,000 of Mohammedans in the whenever religious fanaticism sets world is an indignant, or contemptuous aflame the ferocity and cupidity of or blind refusal. "Christianity is for faithful Mohammedans, provided you," they say, "and Islam is for us. .there be the incentive of a permission Ours is the later, the final revelation given by their acknowledged Kalif of God to men. It is the perfect rewith an armed force behind him, and ligion. We accept the Tevrat, the with the hope of plunder and political Tebour and the Injil. We now ask gain before them. you to accept the Koran. Do you suppose we will throw that aside and Islam and the Koran have recently accept only the other three as you do? been authoritatively interpreted as God forbid!" favorable to constitutional government and to equality of Christian and In what way are we to meet and Mohammedan under the law. It is overcome this repulsion? How are we first to gain a hearing for Christ's message, and then to secure the ac-

ceptance of the priceless boon Christ and love united, before Moslem eyes, offers to men. and that sort of crusade will soon draw devotees of Islam-sooner than I. Unquestionably, first of all, by it will draw heathen peoples-into a making the Christian life irresistibly real brotherhood, all alike children of winning. True, Mohammedans act- one Father, with one head, Jesus ually separate religion from life; but, Christ. To the invitation so given all the same, none anywhere are more those Christians in Moslem lands who quick to appreciate the charm, none are accustomed to look below the surmore ready to respond to the winning face of life around them note the repower of pure and unselfish living sponse of acceptance, wide-spread and than those acquaintances one forms real, if far from general. Indeed, the among Mussulman peoples. opinion is ventured that in Turkey, where the chronicled results of mis- It is not the doctrine of the trinity sionary effort are mainly found among which has kept Mohammedans from the Christian races, those results becoming Christians. It is the un- which do not lend themselves to lovely character and conduct of the statistical statement, but are far-reach- Christians they have known all ing and full of promise for the future, through the centuries which has are found more among Mussulman closed and barred their hearts against than among Christian races. Christ. 2. The missionary among Moham- No contrast in the moral world is medans should invite those whose conceivably greater than that between friendship he has gained to study the the life of Christ and the later life of New Testament and also Church his- Mohammed. The one great mission tory with his personal assistance. of the Christian world is to hold Christ Without such assistance intelligently, before Moslem eyes. The person of systematically . and sympathetically Christ as revealed to us in the gos- rendered, any Mussulman inquirer is pels, this simply and alone, taught sure to go wrong. It is on the basis and lived by Christians, is our fra- of such study alone that discussion ternal invitation to the Mussulman of Christian doctrine can be fruitfuJIy world. Apparently, slight response conducted. A Moslem inquirer often, has yet been made to this invitation. in a first interview, proposes his ob- Is not the reason of this found in th~ jections to the doctrine of the trinity. fact that, till this day, the winning, Such a discussion at that time will be attractive person of Christ has been fruitless, and more probably worse hidden, caricatured even, as it has than fruitless. The Oriental mind is been presented to Mohammedans? constitutionally averse to logical and systematic procedure in investigating a Even if we do not recall the lurid subject, especially if feeling and perhistory of Europe, and take only the sonal interest enter into the result. present spectacle presented by Christendom before the Mussulman world, The advance made in recent years, how little do we see that personal even in Mohammedan countries, in power which has made Christianity physical science, tends to correct this dominant in the world! Let Chris- habit of the Oriental mind and will in tendom disarm, and exhibit, not battleships and colossal armies, but law

A MOSLEM INVITATION AND A CHRISTIAN RESPONSE

time result not only in freer religious from unfriendly eyes one's most ininquiry and discussion, but also in timate thoughts and experiences more fruitful study by Mohammedans greatly helps to keep the response to of the Bible and of the nature and his- Christ's invitation unuttered. The call tory of Christianity. The Mussu1man from the crucified and glorified Lord is already anxiously asking why it is is "Follow me and I will bestow upon that the devotees of Islam are every- you life eternal, life more abundant. where left behind in the race of life If you love me, keep my commandas compared with Christians, even ments." Love to Christ at its strongwhere, as in Turkey, Christians are est forces open confession, and imthe subject races and Mohammedans pels to that testimony which life, and are the ruling race. The inquirer is it may be death alone can seal, the reaching an answer to his question testimony that a convert remaining a which is essentially false. It is an leaven among his own people can renimportant part of the duty of the der, testimony of unique and permissionary to help him to gain a true suasive power. and right answer to his inquiry. Are there not many in every Mos- 3. It is for Christians to advance lem country who have, in their secret still further in their approach to Mo- conviction, seen the mighty contrast hammedans. It remains for them to between the person of Christ and that say in the utterance of fraternal love of Mohammed, felt the recoil of an and solicitude, "Come now, accept the honest and aspiring soul from the message of salvation made you in the duty of following their leader from gospel. Jesus the Christ is the one Arabia, and felt drawn toward the Savior of men. Follow Him, obey pure teaching and the attracting per- His commands. Receive life from sonal power of the uplifted Jesus?' Him." What will be the response to Are there not those-an increasing this invitation? There may follow, number-who see that religion which not controversy, but serious fraternal consists of a creed and of an opus consideration, under the light of operatum and permits its devotees to sacred Scripture, of history, biog- break ad libitum everyone of the raphy, reason, above all, under the commands of the second table of the convincing power of the Spirit of divine law proclaimed from Mount God; and the final result will be a full Sinai, can not be from God or lead to conviction and surrender to Jesus God? Christ. It is for us to foster this leaning of Then what? Then the great trial men, born devotees of Islam, toward comes. Mind and heart submit to one greater than Moses, one who said, Christ. But old customs, relatives, "Before Abraham was, I am," one early friends, personal interests, all who lives still and evermore. It is unite to make open confession of his for us to lead wanderers to Him who new faith by one born a Moslem as is "the Way, the Truth and the Life." near to the impossible as we can well conceive. The age-long habit of It is for us tenderly, patiently, ur- Orientals, where the social tie is gently, to repeat in Moslem ears the stronger than in the West, to conceal invitation, "Come to Jesus." The re- sponse, "If it tarry, wait for it. It

will surely come and will not tarry." before Moslem eyes, among Moslem Have we any right to doubt this? peoples, will, according to His own When the invited guests make their promise, draw all men unto Himself. excuses, and keep one another in coun- Events transpiring in the world are tenance in slighting the royal invita- hastening on this result. tion to the heavenly feast, let us not forget the hungry souls in the high- The Hearer of prayer will use-is ways and under the hedges, and let us using-His own mighty forces to asnot be discouraged if even they have sure the answer to the prayers of His to be compelled to come in and par- people. Let us not be impatient in take of the heavenly feast. The the face of difficulties, obstacles and providence of God, at work in the delays. Let us confidently commit the world, is one of the compelling forces banner we bear aloft to those who with which we cowork. The Spirit of come after us, when the evening God works on human hearts where shadows of our own lives lengthen. our dul1 eyes see men as trees walk- Victory is emblazoned on all its ample ing. Christ, the ever-living Christ, folds. To the eye of a robust faith by and through those who live Him the day of the full redemption of the Moslem world draws on apace.

FIRST IMPRESSIONS OF TANGIER Mr. Mayer Barkey has just joined the truth." In the afternoon we went Dr. Goldstein, of the Mildmay Mis- visiting with the doctor, and were resion to the Jews, in the work at Tan- ceived very nicely. While he was atgier, Morocco. He sends the fol1ow- tending to the patient I talked with ing notes. the other members of the household about their souls' needs and invited What I like is the abundance of them to our Bible classes. work to be done. The Jews seem to be !Iuite accessible and without preju- In the evening a young man came dice. They seem to be a type we do not often meet. What a blessing to be for an English lesson and r conducted able to enter freely into their houses and to gain a listening ear! I have the lesson for the doctor. We had an already begun work and will tell you interesting conversation, and as the something of my experience. young man was quite ignorant of his faith and of the Bible I asked him to On Monday morning we had about read the history of Bible characters, seventy patients. I was introduced by Abraham, Isaac, and others, write a Dr. Goldstein, and they welcomed me composition on each, and I would corvery kindly. After a little singing I rect his composition and discuss it spoke to them from John 3, about the with him. He comes twice a week. way Christ treats those who come to Him. They paid every attention to There are many opportunities, too, the words spoken, and nodded their of speaking to those who come at odd heads, as if to say, "You are telling times to see the doctor. One man seemed to have already thought about the truth in Christ, for as soon as I

IMPRESSIONS OF

began to speak to him he referred to since several families usually live to- the difficulties of confession. I quoted gether in what is called a patio, and the words of Jeremiah, "The fear of as soon as they see us they all gather man bringeth a snare," and told him around us. that his words showed lack of confidence in God to help us in difficul- In another house where two families ties. live together, a statement that I was a converted Jew led to a long conver- There were twenty-one at the Wed- sation on the Scriptures. They said nesday evening class. It was a pleas- at once, "You will never make us beure to see the interest and attention lieve that the Messiah has come and of the people. They sang very heart- convert us." I replied that I was sure ily and listened most attentively. At that I could not, but that God was the end of the meeting they thanked able. They contradicted me vigorus very much, an unusual thing for ously the first time, but still they were Jews, and they promised to come regu- interested in what I said and asked larly. me to call again. The second time there was less contradiction, and they I am thoroughly enjoying the work, seemed to think there was much truth and am finding more to do than I have in what I said. They asked for a time for. Nearly all the families I Bible, and when I took it to them I have called on want me to go again, had to spend another hour and a half. and often ask me why I have not been In fact, the people are becoming so sooner, tho I may have called the very interested that besides expressing a week before. I waste no time when I wish for frequent visits they are atvisit them, for I speak to them all the tending the meetings very regularly. time of the Gospel of Christ as the power of God unto salvation. Some- A few days ago we were all invited times they ask me to rcad to them, and into a Jewish house. An educated at others I suggest that we should young man, well acquainted with Hehave a little reading of the Bible, and brew, began to ask questions about they listen most attentively. various Bible truths. He became so interested in the explanations and the On two consecutive Saturdays a fulfilment in Christ of prophecies that man asked me to go to his house. I we spent practically all the time in went and found that he was very much speaking about them. The doctor and interested in the things of Christ. His one of the others also took part. wife, a very intelligent woman, seemed to have been brought up by devout At Passover time fewer patients Jewish parents. She can read Hebrew came to the dispensary and not much and she understands it a little. At visiting could be done. During these first she held to rabbinical Judaism; days I enjoyed talks with the patients, but when I pointed out some of its not giving them an address as usual, defects, quoting passages in Hebrew but standing among them and asking in support of what I said, she grad- questions. Little by little they were ually consented to listen to gospel brought to see their need of salvation truth. Two sisters and some neigh- and the provision God had made for bors were also listening attentively, every individual soul in Jesus Christ. an advantage we generally have here, I believe more profitable work has

been done with the few in this way bodies would give them entrance into than with the many. One day I opened the Kingdom of God, but a look of my Bible at the seventh chapter of faith at Jesus Christ and acceptance Revelation, and I felt there was a of Him as their Savior would insure message for the people in the four them salvation. By virtue of His last verses. I said to the patients it blood they could receive pardon and seemed to me a great pity that the be cleansed and made fit for heaven. Jews were taking so much trouble and spending weeks over the cleaning of I often hear Jews and Jewesses say, their houses, when they were not the "How true is all that he is reading and least concerned to cleanse their hearts, explaining to us." And sometimes which could be done so easily to the they grumble at the heavy burden the profit of their souls. I told them that rabbis have put upon them. We trust no cleaning of their houses or their that all this by the Spirit of God will bring forth fruit to everlasting life.

HINDRANCES WHICH THE SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN JAPAN PRESENT TO THE ACCEPTANCE OF THE GOSPEL * BY REV. J. G. DUNLOP A volume might be written on helps be served at meal-time. "With imand encouragements which the social placable minuteness, with ferocity of conditions in Japan present in our detail, everything was ordained for Christian work, but I have been asked him, even to the quality of his footto speak on hindrances, and this paper gear, the cost of his wife's hair-pin, will deal with hindrances only. and the price of his child's doll."

The hindrances which the social "The result was to suppress all conditions in Japan present to the ac- mental and moral differentiation, to ceptance of the gospel arise chiefly numb personality, to establish one unifrom the social organization. It is form and unchanging type of characwithout doubt the most closely-knit ter. To this day every Japanese mind communalistic system on a large scale reveals the lines of that antique mold which the world has ever seen. For by which the ancestral mind was commany hundreds of years the Japanese prest and' limited." have lived under a system by whichto quote one of Lafcadio Hearn's Hearn calls it the rule of the dead. compact sentences-"personality has "The hand of the dead was heavy, it been wholly supprest by coercion, the is heavy upon the living to-day." life of every individual being so or– dered by the will of the rest as to Of course, that was old Japan. render free action, free speaking, free Feudalism was abolished by law a genthinking out of the question." eration ago, but you can not destroy feudalism in a generation. We have Legislation and social custom in old it to-day in every family, in every pub- Japan were absolutely tyrannical. lic office, yes, in every church in this Every detail of the heimin's (com- land. In theory, the individual has maner's) existence at least was pre- become free; in practise, he is not scribed by law, from the size, form, much more free than his ancestors. No man is yet complete master, in our and cost of his dwelling down to the Western sense, of his activities, his number and quality of the dishes to time, his means. In Japan there is * A paper read before the Council of Presbyterian and Reformed Missions at Karuizawa, Japan, on August 26, 1909.

SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN JAPAN 61

still "interference extraordinary," to bars and from the officials or elders use one of Hearn's illuminating of the village or ward section of the phrases; and, to quote another, the town in which one lives that is almost power of the community for "com- incredible. Even now the only safe pulsory cooperation" is still extreme. and comfortable rule of conduct in a "Compulsory cooperation" – is not Japanese community is to act in all that suggestive of some council his- things according to local custom. The tory? We marvel at the demands that slightest divergence from rule is reare made upon us missions in this land, garded with disfavor, and privacy men and women from countries that does not exist. I often tell the ] aphave known personal and political anese in my preaching that Chrisliberty for centuries, where self-asser- tianity, if nothing else, will in time tion and self-government have never give them a different style of house been represt, personality never been to live in, for Christ said: "But thou, clipt like a hedge, restrained and when thou prayest, enter into thine pruned and clipt in a hundred ways as inner chamber, and, having shut thy in this land-I say, we marvel at these door, pray to thy Father who is in demands, but what can you expect in secret, and thy Father who seeth in a nation where the individual of every secret shall recompense thee." Smal! class is at once "coercer and coerced, chance for privacy in a land whose like an atom in a solid body, able to walls are of paper that a wet finger vibrate, indeed, but the orbit of his can easily pierce. Here everybody vibration most rigidly fixt?" knows all about everybody, and eccen- tricities and singularities are quickly How does all this hinder Christian marked and quietly supprest. There work? That needs but brief state- is restraint everywhere, from three diment. In a community where, gen- rections-from above, from one's erally speaking, no one is free, evan- equals, and from below. This last gelism can not make rapid progress. sort is not the least formidable as In the family no one is free. Mar- witness the "strikes," so called, and riage does not, as with us, mean the other troubles in Japanese schools, of foundation of a new family: it is a which a Japanese paper related lately mere incident in the history of a fam- that there have been over 2,500 altoily long established. Either the wife gether since the beginning of the or the husband becomes the adopted Meiji era, forty years ago. With child of another family. Marriage. such pressure from above, from about, signifies adoption. In either case, from below, how much personal whether the young woman goes as liberty has one to investigate freely yome (bride) or the young man as and iustly a new teaching presented yoshi (adopted son), the new bond is to him? one of bondage to a househoJd, a family with a history and traditions I was struck two days ago in hearand religious connections of many ing the annual report with the many generations, perhaps of centuries. The references to successful Sunday-school children of the new couple belong to work. Why is the Sunday-school the family, the traditional ancestral work easier than other Christian family, rather than to the father am! work? Because the children in this mother. No one is really free in the land have a freedom that no one else family. Everybody from the youngest has. With us of the West, repression to the grandfather is subject to some is strongest in the case of the child, one else or to the whole family, living but Japan reverses that. I sometimes tell the Japanese that with us the and dead. child is in tutelage but the adult is And as the individual is not free in free; while with them the child is free and the adult is in bondage. Not the family, the family is not free in merely tip to the age of school life but the community. There is in this land an amottJ.t of interference from neigh-

considerably beyond it, the child has those cities, but mostly from people a degree of liberty far greater than is from the provinces temporarily domallowed to Western children. In fact, iciled in the large cities. This is not in Japan, children are so unrestrained said in disparagement of those great and allowed to be so mischievous that preachers and pastors. Their churches a Japanese proverb says: "Nanatsu are strong churches and they are great 'J'atsl~, michibata no ana de sae mo men. But it by no means follows that, nikumu." "Even the holes by the because they have succeeded in buildroadside hate the boy of seven or ing up churches of several hundred eight years old." Later, unfortunate- members in Tokyo or Osaka, they ly, this freedom is curtailed to a tragic could do the same thing in other and fatal degree and children are places. I should like to see Mr. taken away from our Sunday-schools Demura or Mr. Miyagawa spend ten just when- they are approaching the years in the city of Takata, Echigo, or age when experience and the psychol- in Toyama, Etchu, or in Takaoka, the same province, or in some of the ogists teach us the young mind and smaller towns along the same coast. heart are most susceptible to religious In a large section of which I spoke in influences, that period of adolescence our mission the other day, where when the doors of the heart in most there are several towns of more than cases are closed to the earthly parent, 10,000 each, and numerous villages, and, if the individual is not to suffer and hundreds of thousands of people, great harm, should be opened out to where one of our mission stations has the Father in heaven. In America and for many years maintained two England, the age at which young peo- earnest evangelists, changing the men ple come most easily under religious from time to time, there has been, to conviction is between 16 and 20, and my knowledge, just one baptism in a what a blest thing it is so, that at dozen years. Nat even the greatest the time of greatest moral danger, preacher in Japan could have greatly God daims us for His own! But in influenced the adverse conditions Japan the susceptible age is after 20, there. The force of custom, oftraoften after the soul is besmirched and dition, the power of the many over bedraggled in sin. Why? Because the individual, or individuals here and in the earlier age, 16-20, the young there over the many, is still too strong people of Japan are still studying or in those communities to admit the working at home or near home. In Word of Truth. school they are in the middle school, in their own province within a few It is this fact that makes some of us miles of the tombs of their ancestors. wonder whether the time has even Later, in the high-school age, they yet come for a general advance upon have to journey to Tokyo, Kyoto, the villages of Japan-at least in the Sendai, etc., and are absent from home more backward sections of the ema year at a time, sometimes for two pire. That it must be made someor three years-and it is then first that time, and that it must be a foreign the Truth can get at them. In fact, in missionary task and can not be left to most cases, the fisher of men, if he is the Japanese church alone, we are to catch the Japanese, has to catch him ready to concede. But we realize from away from home. It is not universally our experience,. our hard, barren exso, but I venture to estimate that nine perience, not in the villages, but in the out of ten of our Christians have been towns and smaller cities, that it will be converted at a distance from the home a task calling for an immense expenrestraints. The great churches in diture of human prayers and human Tokyo, Osaka, and Kobe – Mr. tears, of human life and of golden Demura's, Mr. Miyagawa's and others treasure, and there is such a thing as -get their members, not from families beginning too soon. In the Roman that have been long established in Empire the cities were Christian long

SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN

before the country, so that the word three yen per year, have been securedfor countryman, paganus, the native it is hardly too much to say that they of the pagus or country, came to mean have been dragooned and driven into unbeliever, pagan; the dweller on the the society, many of them being people heath was the heathen. It will not be without an atom of what we ordinarily different in Japan. The great mass call philanthropy in their whole conof Japan's fifty millions are not in the stitution. When Japan contributed great cities, not in the Hokkaido, IOO,OOO yen to the San Francisco where the population is largely one earthquake sufferers a few years ago, of immigrants from the south, up- how was the money obtained ? We rooted from their old homes and freed know how such sums are obtained in from the old restraints, and among the West. They are free-will offerwhom, therefore, Christian work is ings of men and women whose hearts measurably easier. The great mass live are moved by sympathy for those who in the vill~Kes and towns and small are in trouble, but here that sum was cities where the population is com- levied on the ·nation, so much per paratively stationary, where, in large household. Even the Church in Japan measure, the same families continue raises its money much in the same way. Little is left to the will of the from generation to generation, where individual. The system of levy is everyone knows everyone else, where everywhere in operation. This is a local society has been pruned and dipt, great hindrance in the early stage of bent and bound, like those wonder- Christian work, in the stage when the fully shaped trees that you sometimes missionary has chief charge and befind in old gardens, that can not easily fore there is a body or group of Japbe trained into new shapes. anese members who can coerce-in the gentle, smooth way of Japan, but I need not give illustrations of this coerce – the individual into doing denial of liberty to the individual. Everybody engaged in Christian work what he ought. in this land knows these things, and Another of the results of the ancient knows how the work is hindered and languishes because of them. social order is an extreme formalism. The missionary or evangelist does not And as the rigid regimentation of easily come into close touch with the society in Japan has denied liberty to ] apanese individual. He is surroundthe individual, it has largely crusht ed by a whole barbed-wire entangleout spontaneity and voluntariness, the ment of formalism which is not easily very qualities that are Christ's first cut through. Dr. Gulick, in his "Evodemand of men. It is "Whosoever lution of the Japanese," has a strong shall confess me before men"; "If thou chapter on "Indirectness and Nominalshall confess"; "vVhosoever will let ity"-the )'umei mujitsu (having the him take"; "Thy people shall be will- name but not the reality) feature of ing in the day of Thy power"; "Every ] apanese life. It is a land in which one whose heart stirred him up, and emphatically things are not what they everyone whom his spirit made will- seem, a land in which you have always ing, brought Jehovah's offering"; to be looking beneath the surface to "Whosoever is of a willing heart, let get at the reality of things. The him bring it." That is the way of servant of Him who "knew all men Christianity, but it has never been the and needed not that any should tesway of Japan. Japan has perhaps the tify of man" learns in time the short largest Red Cross Society in the ways of approach to the hearts of men world, a society with a philanthropic even here, but it is only after long object and whose members might be experience and self-discipline, and supposed to have joined because they everywhere the acceptance of the goswanted to join, of their own free will ; pel is hindered by the all-prevailing but we know how that million and a formalism of the Japanese people. half of members, each paying their

In addition to lack of freedom and up of government college professors, of spontaneity and voluntariness and government college students, a few to formalism, I should charge up middle- and normal-school boys and against the old social order also a sys- girls, two or three teachers of such tem of caste, which, tho very mild in schools, several military officers, a comparison with caste in India, is still larger number of non-commissioned quite real. The same system which officers and soldiers, a number of busiordained the place of each individual ness men, a farmer or two, a blind in the family and each family in the shampooer, and some mechanics and community ordained the place of each laborers and their families. The Lord class and occupation and calling. I Jesus Christ is the only power in this heard a prominent Christian speak land that is breaking down man's sinlately of the wonderful impression he ful barriers and making a united nagot of the solidarity of the American tion of the Japanese. In their old and English peoples when he was pagan life they were strictly separated abroad last year. In Japan the school- into classes and that is their normal teacher is a school-teacher and nothing condition to-day, and that condition else. He is expected not to have any is one of the greatest barriers which interest in politics, religion, or busi- Christian work has to surmount. ness. He sets out to school in the morning with his little lunch-box un- A system which never aimed to der his armand he stays in school till train the individual for independent night. He walks the street to school thought and action, but rather for coand back. but with no contact with operative action, to fit him to occupy any other' class of the community. He an exact place in the mechanism of a is a school-teacher and nothing else. rigid society, a system whose ethics So with the official in each kind of were all involved in conformity to office, so with the doctor, and the sol- custom, has naturally little use for the dier, and the rest. Each class stands public presentation and discussion of by itself, with little contact or sym- truth. The only public speaker the pathy with the others; they are rather old order knew was the street-fakir, at cross purposes with one another. the public story-teller, the actor, or the But he found in England and Amer- singing-girl, all despised, tho as inica that the teacher could be a citizen stitutions preserved and fostered for and an enlightened man of affairs, the centuries. The preacher of the gospel, politician or the soldier could even be too, is first despised. Those who asa preacher, and the minister a pol- semble to hear him come, at first at itician and man of business, and there least, only to be amused. Their whole was a sympathy and fellowship predisposition is to treat him and his among them all, and they stood to- message with contempt. In a land gether in a way that was entirely new where no individual has been conceded in his experience of men. All that is the right to hold an opinion of his own absent here. It is hard even when or to change his opinion at will, the men have become Christians to get man who takes it upon him to advise them to mingle freely with those of men in a public place what they should other classes and occupations. Only think and do can only be regarded after years can we see such a spec- as a presumptuous impostor. Our tacle as I have often rejoiced and preachers are not taken seriously. gloried in in our older Church in Public assembly, public discussion of Kanazawa, founded by Mr. and Mrs. great subjects, is still a new thing, and Winn, and now about thirty years old, the preacher still ranks with the public where seven years ago, when I was entertainer and gets scant respect. associated in its work, it was a com- .Public teaching even by the newsmon spectacle to see over roo present papers has a hard time in this land, at worship on Lord's day-roo made where no one feels the need of being taught more than he got in his home

CONDITIONS IN

in childhood. A Shinto writer said dancing was innocent enough, but the long ago: "The Chinese, being bad whole institution of the geisha is not at heart, in spite of the teaching which innocent. I wish to see in her not a they got, were good only on the out- beauty, but a moral leper-the last vile side; so their bad acts became of such rag of Orientalism which Japan will magnitude that society was thrown be persuaded to throw into the gutter. into disorder. The Japanese, being If Japan only knew it, if she had at straightforward, could do without heart and held precious the purity of teaching." And another Shinto her youth and manhood and the happischolar, Motoori, said: "It is because ness of her womanhood, she would the Japanese were truly moral in their realize that she could better afford practise that they required no theory to parade her tens of thousands of of morals, and the fuss made by the lepers before her visitors from abroad Chinese about theoretical morals is than her tens of thousands of geisha. owing to their laxity in practise." A lady said in my hearing the other Don't you know old Samurai who day that she avoided, in her purthink just like that? If you do not, chases, art objects with pictures of I do, and there are tens of thousands geisha on them. Every true friend of of them, and they are yet, and they Japan should set his face sternly and all whom they can control will against the institution of the geisha. long continue to be, beyond our reach. She is a pernicious, impure, and cor- These men treat our message, this rupting influence in Japanese life. new teaching which is spoken by us, The extent of the misery of which she with the amused contempt with which is the cause is not generally recogthe proud Athenians listened to Paul's nized. Even the Christian teacher will message. sometimes speak of the geisha with a laugh, as if her influence in the life of One more result of the imperfect the nation, tho confessedly evil, were social organization that has persisted a negligible quantity, but thousands of for centuries in this land should be men and boys annually go astray and mentioned. Perverted and unjust are ruined because of this glaring, enideas in regard to woman's place in ticing evil in their midst. Ask the the family and in society have been the wives of middle and upper class Japan cause of much impurity and have per- about the geisha. Take your opinion petuated the evil customs of ancient of this impudent and shameless creatimes even to this day. I shall only ture of man's vice, not from the mention here the unspeakable licensed dilettante writers on the beautv and system, more prevalent in Japan than art of Japan, but from the ht;ndred in any other civilized land, and treated thousand wronged and weeping wives with a respect unknown elsewhere, and mothers of the nation's business and shall pass immediately to a kin- and professional men, officials, polidred evil. I am thinking particularly ticians, officers of army and navy, and of the institution of the geisha, the educators. Our Church in Japan, professional singing- or dancing-girl, small as it is, has had countless scanan institution as old as Herod and the dals because of the geisha. We have ancient Egyptians, not found to-day in every reason to consider the custom civilized countries of the West, but which continues to tolerate the geisha still in full favor in this Japan of the one of the inimical conditions with twentieth century. I wish to say that I never look a geisha in the face, if I which we have to contend. can avoid it. A year and a half ago, This leads me to speak in conclu- I took, at their request, a couple of lady friends from America to see the sion of another social custom which is Miyako-odori in Kyoto-and I have one of the hostile social conditions been angry with myself about it when- which Christianity has to meet. I ever I have thought of it since. The mean the ceremonial and social drink- ing of sake and other intoxicants.

There is a woful lack of temperance especially the amount of drinking is a sentiment as yet in Japan. I like to national disgrace. It has greatly intell the Japanese of the progress of creased since the war with Russia. I the temperance idea in America and have heard the regimental banquetother countries; of many States of the hall on great holidays called "the Union entirely "dry"; of vast reaches drinking-place," and that is what it is of country hundreds of miles in ex- -the banquet is a drinking-bout. Here tent where no liquor can be made or is another of the great enemies of our sold; of that banquet in Cleveland Christian work. when Mr. Taft, now President, sat down with 500 business and profes- To recapitulate: The one great sional men of that city, and not one hindrance to Christian work arising drop of liquor on the table; of that from social conditions in Japan is an magnificent demonstration in Hyde imperfect communalistic social organ- Park subsequently when 300,000 tem- ization, which tho now largely abolperance men and women marched in ished or modified by law, still persists procession through the streets of Lon- in traditional social customs centuries don to their famous park, there to be old. This organization denies indiaddrest from sixty different platforms vidual freedom; crushes spontaneity by many public men of high position, and voluntariness; produces formalincluding at least one member of the ism, and caste; and imperviousness to Cabinet, and uniting finally, to the ac- truth; and injustice to woman and companiment of roo bands of music, corresponding impurity and corruption in the singing of "Onward, Christian among men, and intemperance. All Soldiers," the favorite hymn of the these only Almighty power itself can people of England; and of the more enable the Church to overcome. than r,200 temperance periodicals in Europe, r,ooo of them being published Happily, what I have been picturing on the Continent and indicating how is a passing condition. The old order the continental nations are waking to changeth. Industrialism, commercialthe evils of their social drinking customs of the past. How far behind ism, constitutionalism, and contact and Japan is! I think we make less use competition with other nations are of the Sunday-school and of the compelling the Japanese more and Church in this regard than we might. more to give up their old communaIis- Every church should be an aggressive tic system. The people are still a haIftemperance society, every Sunday- century behind their laws, but they arc school a bright band of hope, with its catching up. We can help them-if temperance roll and at least its verbal we do not become converted to compledge taken from the scholars from munalism ourselves, if we do not give up our priceless heritage of Christian time to time. individualism, if we avoid the danger Our work is hindered, our young to which missionaries of twenty to forty years' life in this land are liable men, even Christians and inquirers, of getting the idea that even we can not do things properly here unless we also are constantly tempted, many of them get clamped in tight into the same rigid ruined, by the drinking customs of ~ystem with the long-suffering J apthis country. For a young man in anese. Our Lord has given us a more business, the sake-cup has a 'ubiquity excellent way. Let us duly esteem that is unknown in the West. Even and cherish the freedom with which school-boys at their class gatherings Christ has made us free, and try more have sake, and some are drunkards at and more to give it to this nation and sixteen or eighteen. And in the army save them from their yoke of bondage.

MISSIONS AS AN INDIAN SEES

BY REV. GILBERT L. WILSON, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

First, put aside any thought that the as a good Catholic's scapulary binds Indian had belief in the Great Spirit. him to his protecting saint. '-IVakan-tanka, Great Spirit-to borrow from the Sioux-is better trans- This may make plainer to you how lated Great Mystery. But wakan an Indian may be deeply moved by means far more to the Indian than mystery does to us. Roll into one the story of Jesus' suffering; may acword the collective meanings of our cept the cardinal principles of New terms supernatural, mysterious, Testament teaching, and yet not give strange, miraculous, holy, sacred, voo- up the philosophy of his people. How dooish, uncanny, lucky and unlucky, can he? He can not read English. and you have pretty nearly what an He knows nothing of physics; never Indian means by 'Wai?an. What can heard of the laws of gravitation. His not be explained by ordinary natural philosophy of natural things may relaw is wakan; but an Indian's knowl- main nearly as was his father's, tho he edge of ordinary natural law is scant may be earnestly trying to mold his indeed. life by what he understands of Jesus' life and teachings. Good Bird thus states Indian belief: "When a child, my father teach me all Inconsistent? In the preface to my things have spirit. Tree have spirit; Oxford Bible is a dedication to the grass have spirit; earth have spirit; "most dread sovereign" James II. animals have spirit. All these our J ames was something of a theologian. gods and we pray to them to help us, He wrote a book to show how witches and make offerings to them so they might be detected; warts and wens not forget us." These spirits spoke were teats to suckle devils. Three to men in dreams and in other ways. thousand witches were hanged in Eng- land during the sitting of the Long Such a philosophy made the medicine- Parliament; and did not our New man of importance in the tribe. With England fathers hang nineteen of drum and chant he called the gods to these unfortunate creatures? Martin listen to his prayers. Fasting and self- Luther, a most excellent man, once torture brought on delirium and threw his ink-bottle at Satan. In my visions-and the gods spake to him. church is a sweet, Christian woman These things were very real to the who will not begin sewing a gown on Indian. Friday.

When a youth went into the hills Perhaps now we can understand and fasted and tortured his body, he why Carlisle students relapse. To bedid not do these things to prove his gin with, no considerable number do courage. He was appealing to the relapse. That some do is hardly surgods. "0 gods, hear me ! You see prizing. The education given an my body painted gray, like a sick man. Indian youth is not always a well- You see how starved and weak I am. grounded one. Language, habits, ra- Pity me! Make my enemies weak- cial feeling count for much. Cen- hearted. Make their gods weak to turies of custom have developed a help them!" Fasting brought on beautiful hospitality among the In-, dream or vision; a spirit animal would dians. When one had food, all had appear to him-a bird or beast or food; when one starved, all starved. other living thing. The youth would The uncertainty of the chase made this not rest until he had killed such an necessary. The elders have always animal as he had seen in his dream; shared with the young-when there and its skin or feathers he would carry was anything to share. Shall not the about his person for the rest of his young couple who plow and keep cows life. This was his medicine. It share also with their elders? To have bound him to his protecting god just to feed all your aunts and uncles is a sad discouragement of thrift.

But there is another cause. Two When a medium by mummery and Mormon youths recently graduated darkness and trance brings messages from Yale. They were still Mormons. from the beyond, he is but the med- An education doesn't always reverse icine-man seeking revelation from the an Indian's way of thinking. To illus- spirits. trate; Minnie Enemy Heart returned from Carlisle with a fair education. There has sprung up a great church Influenced by 1 know not what-am- whose members teach that pain and bition, childhood teachings, tribal sickness are not cured by medicine. patriotism-at any rate she went into Christian Science folk do build betterthe hills, as did her fathers before her, ventilated buildings than we, and they and sought her god. In a vision Jesus teach the sick not to worry, and that appeared to her. One side of his body is good. But when a healer thinks was dark, like an Indian's; the other a patient back into health, he but was white, like a white man's. In cures as the medicine-man cures. To his white hand he held a lamb; in the be sure, the medicine-man knows the other, a little black dog. "Go back," reality of disease; but his chants and He said, "and tell your people that I drumming are prayers, and all the belong to the Indians as well as to the time he is thinking his magical power whites-that I am your Savior as well into the patient's body to drive out the as theirs. White ways are good for sick-making spirits. Also, he gives the white people, as means this lamb. In- patient a good sweat-bath and plenty dian ways are good for Indians, as of clean, cold water, and tells him to means this black dog; for do not the trust the medicine-man's magic and tribes feast upon dogs at the sacred not worry. Often the sick man gets feasts? If white men tell you to for- well. sake your ways and learn theirs, tell them to remember it was they who The old Apache warrior, Geronimo, whose death last year attracted genslew me, not the Indians!" eral attention, joined the Dutch Re- There is no reason to believe that formed Church ~ and was baptized in the summer of 1903. He attended the Minnie Enemy Heart consciously de- services regularly at the Apache Mis- sion, Fort Sill Military Reservation. ceived. The Indian has many gods. While reported as far from an exem- The white man also has his gods, and plary Christian, and still showing that one of them, Jesus, should appear some of the old traits of his wild days, to an Indian is no improbable thing. the evidences of a decided change are Eighteen converts of the Catholic mis- noteworthy. In the book, "Geronimo's sion have left to follow the new Story of His Life," we read, "Since prophetess. Our Protestant converts my life as a prisoner has begun I have are better grounded. Only four have heard the teachings of the white man's left. religion. Credulity you call this? I knew a "Believing that in a wise way it is normal-school teacher in Minnesota- good to go to church, and that in asa teacher so efficient that the school sociating with Christians would imboard of a Western city continued her prove my character, I have adopted salary for a whole year, while she re- the Christian religion. I believe that cruited from illness, just to be able the Church has helped me much during to retain her services-who could re- the short time I have been a member. member her former incarnation as an I am not ashamed to be a Christian. Egyptian. Queer how these Theoso- I have advised all my people, who are phists can remember former births in not Christians, to study that religion, North Africa with never a suggestion because it seems to me the best re- ligion in enabling one to live right." of negro reminiscence! Many white people also evidently re- lapse. It is reported that there are four miIIion Spiritualists in America.

EDITORIALS

MISSIONARY INFLUENCE IN TURKEY The influence of American mission- The work of missionaries in Tur- aries upon Mohammedans has been key, so far as measured by statis- l.nultipl~ed ma?y fold, and has gone on tics, have been chiefly among the mcreasmg m geometrical ratio adherents of the Oriental churches, through the influence of the nativ~ but the beneficent influences of that evangelical Christians that have been work have been as wide-spread and as gathered into churches and well-or- full of promise for the Turks as for ganized evangelical communities. In any other race. recent years the number of well-edu- It is true that the number of Turks cated, consecrated, evangelical preach- who have publicly embraced Chris- ers, teachers, and physicians has in- tianity is small, but the transformation creased rapidly in these communities.

wrought in the lives and surround- The missionaries are numbered by ings of the Turks is marvelous. scores, the native preachers and teach- American missionaries .are found in ers by hundreds, the faithful brethren most of its chief cities, and work out and sisters of the native churches by from these centers into the surround- thousands. Their lives, their preach- ing towns and villages. The Turks ing, in some cases their martyr death, greatly outnumber the other races of have powerfully imprest their Turkish the Empire and American missionaries neighbor~. Our hope of reaching come into close contact with all classes Turks WIth the Gospel has been, is, of the Moslem population, official and will ever be based first on God's Word unofficial. The attitude of these people an~ Spirit, and then on a witneSSing towards Christians has undergone a native church, and a consecrated, mis- marvelous change. sionary, native ministry.

Aside from direct proselytizing ef- The same writer goes on to say: fort, American missionaries have al- "The recent political change and the ways included the Turks among those new era of freedom has influenced for whose welfare they are to work. the relations of missionaries to Mo- They have welcomed Turks to their hammedans in the following important schools, their hospitals, their chapels, ways-(a) The avenues of influence and the welcome has often met with specified above as already open, have a cordial response. A writer in been more freely entered by Turks.

"Blessed be Egypt," says: "The wall There is a large increase in the num- of prejudice which existed eighty ber of Turkish pupils entering the years ago is, for a large and increas- schools and colleges of the mission- ing number of Turks, as flat as the aries. (b) Many more Turks come walls of Jericho at the end of the to public religious services than for- seven days' Israelite march. Mission- mer!y. ( c) Personal religious contac( aries and other Protestants were once with Turks is much more facile. In denounced as without religion. That fact, free religious inquiry exists time is past. Once American mis- among Turks far more than ever be- sionaries were believed to foster sedi- fore. (d) American missionaries use tion among Armenians. That charge every possible influence through the has been lived down." Press, through schools, through per- Turks have taken American schools sonal touch, to stem the tide of revolt and school-books as their models in from all religion, a tide which, among educating their children. Turkish profest Mohammedans, has set in peasants are the grateful recipients of strong in recent years."

relief at the hands of missionaries in Among the foremost influences time of famine, plague, and war. Turks which contribute to make present share the benefit of hospital care in changes in Turkey real progress for- sickness; many thousands of them read ward, and upward, morally, educa- the Christian Bible and other books tionally, socially, and spiritually, the issued from our Press. results of the work of American mis-

sionaries as seen in the institutions use even by the most mature Chris- they have established, and especially tians? They also sang the same in the roo,ooo native evangelical hymns to the same tunes, tho in dif- Christians in the Empire, stand second ferent languages. Verily, "Multi ter- to none. These men, at least, natives ricolis lingui,· celestibus, una." Then and foreigners alike, sincerely and the Hottentots made a voluntary conalways, are champions of liberty, jus- tribution to help pay the costs of their tice, equality, fraternity, and a pure voyage, and knelt on the beach com- Christianity. mending them to God. And these were the Hottentot "dogs" and Malagasy Missionaries may, at times, have "asses t" How soon and strangely been too fearful of persecution and they had developed into Christian men opposition in Turkey, but their wisdom, perseverance, courage and tact and women! have been instrumental in giving them When these fugitives reached Enga wide-spread opportunity for seedsowing in Turkey, and there is prom- land, in May, 1839, they wrote a letise of a rich harvest. ter to their suffering feIlow disciples at home, which for beauty and purity A BIBLE CONVERSATION of Christian sentiment might have graced the pen of Paul, the apostolic Few, if any, incidents in mission his- writer of epistles. For three years tory are in their way more pathetic- they stayed on British shores, winally beautiful than the following, ning universal esteem and love, and which, so f.ar as we know, is unique furnishing an unanswerable proof of and solitary. It is one of the beauti- the reality of the Gospel. When, in ful fragments in the wonderful story r842, they returned to Mauritius, their of Madagascar, and it reads like a mission station at Moka became the romance of apostolic times. asylum for other fugitives from per- secutions at Madagascar. In r839 some fugitives, on their way to England, stopping at Port Eliza- SWEDISH LUTHERANS IN THE beth, in South Africa, met with fel- UNITED STATES low converts. Unable to communicate by a common language with these con- In the June REVIEW (page 469), the verted Hottentots, their Bibles became number of Lutherans in the United actually the vehicles of converse. The States that use the Swedish tongue is Malagasy and Hottentots, turning to given as 150,000. A Lutheran pastor the same passages in their respective thinks a cipher must have been dropt translations of the Word, in this way and this should read 1,500,000, for in made known to each other their senti- the country about 2,000,000 Swedish ments and exchanged thought. For Americans find a home, most of whom example, the Hottentot disciples claim to be Lutherans. One synod pointed to Ephesians 2:2: "Among numbers 250,000, mostly Swedes, and whom we all had our conversation in has celebrated its semi-centennial in time past," etc. The Malagasy dis- Rock Island, Ill. It has a dozen colciples responded by Ephesians 2: 14, leges and one seminary, with over IS: "For He is our peace who hath 3,000 students. Their home-missio.n made both/one, and hath broken down work covers the continent, and their the middle wall of partition"; and by foreign works China, India, Japan, Gal. 3 :28: "Ye are all one in Christ and Porto Rico. Jesus." Again, the Hottentots pointed to John 16 :33: "In the world ye s~al1 THE BIBLE ITS OWN WITNESS have tribulation." The Hovas rephed by opening to Rom. 8 :35: "Who shall The Bible is the great weapon of separate us from the love of Christ? Shall tribulation?" etc. When was the Christian worker in his warfare ever the Bible put to a more beautiful against evil. F. Stanley Arnot, of Af- arilcoau,d says that if they r enaadtitvhees:Bi"bIle5 and then a sk th e

it not God's book?" the reply is: "Yes, telling of a personage of whom they that must be God's Word, for no had never before heard. As they read, white man ever knew so much about they had come to the conviction that us." He was Israel's Messiah. From that day, said the rabbi, their prayers to the Not only the blacks in Africa need God of Israel should go up in the name conversion, but there are also the of Messiah]esus. European immigrants. When Mr. Arnot was at a big DutCh trading- THE CLAIMS OF THE PAPAL house at Benguella, thirty or forty Europeans had met for a commercial PRIESTHOOD conference. A Dutchman at the head In a book by St. Alphonsus d~ of the table said: "The Bible is not believed in now. Liguori, doctor of the Roman Church I know all about it." His father was on "Dignity and Duties of the Priest' a worthy minister in the Dutch Re- or Selva," on page 31, is this state~ formed Church. ment: Mr. Arnot replied, "I shall be glad "The power of the priest surpasses to prove to all of you that the Bible is true. Allow me to fetch mine." He that of the blest Virgin Mary, for asked the man to mention what portion was untrue. altho this divine mother can pray fa; "Oh," said he, "it is so long since I us, and by her prayers obtain whatleft home that I don't remember. You read, and I'll tell you." ever she wishes, yet she can not ab- Mr. Arnot began to read the first solve a Christian from even the small- chapter of Romans, solemnly. When est sin! 'The blest virgin was emihe had finished, there were only six men left, and the man at the head of nently more perfect than the apostles !' the table drew his slouched hat from under his chair, and muttering that says Innocent III, 'it was, however, there was a nigger calling him, stole out. There was no nigger. But that not to her but only to the apostles, that was the last of the discussion that was to prove the Bible untrue. the Lord intrusted the keys of the Another striking incident is that of Kingdom of Heaven!' the experience of Rev. Mr. Reichardt, missionary to the Jews at Cairo, who "The priest may, in a certain manalso kept a Bible Society depot. One day he received a visit from .a company ner, be called the creator of his of Jews belonging to a remote Arabian oasis. Their people had heard of the Creator, since by saying the words of shop in Cairo where the Book of God might be obtained, and they came for consecration, he creates, agsiviint gwHeire~ copies of the Hebrew Old Testament. Jesus in the sacrament, by With earnest prayer, but without a word to man, the missionary placed in a sacramental existence, and produces the box also a copy of the New Testament in Hebrew. In a year or two Him as a victim to be offered to the arrived another deputation with a letter from the rabbi of the community, eternal Father. As in creating the expressing thankfulness for the beautiful copies of the Law and the world it was sufficient for God to have Prophets; and adding words of heartfelt gratitude for the other volume, said, 'Let it be made,' and it was which they had never previously seen, created-'He spoke, and they were made'-so it is sufficient for the priest to say, 'Hoc est corpus meum/ and be- hold the bread is no longer bread, but the body of Jesus Christ."

Again, in the same chapter we read: "The priest holds the place of the Savior himself, when, by saying, 'Ego te absolvo,' he absolves from sin. How great should be our wonder if we saw a person invested with the power of changing a negro into a white man; but the priest does what is far more wonderful, for by saying 'Ego te ab- solvo' he changes the sinner from an enemy into the friend of God, and from the slave of hell into an heir of paradise."

Again: "According to St. Am- dipping an oar into the sea, until the brose, a priest, in absolving a sinner, last Sunday service closes at 8.30 P.M. performs the very office of the Holy Here is a community that comes as Ghost in the sanctification of souls. near living a consistent Christian life, St. Clement had reason to say that the loving each other, caring for the poor priest is, as it were, .a God on earth. and nursing the sick, as any other Innocent III has written: 'Indeed, it community anywhere. is not too much to say that in view of the sublimity of their offices the There is one church only, "The priests are so many gods.' Were the Christian Church of Metlakahtla," Redeemer to descend into a church, and it belongs to no sect, strictly unand sit in a confessional to administer denominational, unsectarian, evanthe sacrament of penance, and a priest gelical. But one banner is lifted to sit in another confessional, Jesus there-the banner of Christ. There would say over each penitent, 'Ego te are no divisions among them. Three absolvo,' the priest would likewise say times a day are the Sunday services over each of his penitents, 'Ego te ab- held-always with primitive simplicity, salvo,' and the penitents of each would singing, praying, Biblical preaching, be equally absolved." together making up the whole service of worship, with the least possible ap- The Converted Catholic remarks .proach to ritual, but all reverent and that these utterances of one of the spiritual. Even a closing hymn is highest authorities of the Roman avoided as perhaps tending to dissipate Church show that not only does the impressions made by the Word. Pope arrogate to himself the attributes of the Almighty in claiming to be in- "ALL AT IT" fallible, but that each and every priest is placed by the Church on an equality David Barron, of London, illuswith Jesus Christ-a doctrine taught trates the duty of all Christians to be in the parochial schools of the Roman at work by telling of the levy en masse Catholic Church, in the confessional, in France in 1793, when that country in the administration of the sacraments was invaded by all or nearly all the and in the other relations of priests other nations of Europe. All France and people. was summoned by its rulers to arise, the young men to bear, and the mar- A MODEL MISSIONARY COMMUNITY ried men to forge arms, the old men to utter words of wisdom, the women One needs only to visit William to work on tents and uniforms, the Duncan's MetIakahtla in Alaska to children to scrape lint. realize the possibilities, even in this world of a model state, when men are EVOLUTION AND HUMANITY content to build according to the pattern showed on the Mount. Here The late Prof. Goldwin Smith's repeace and happiness reign supreme. mark to the students of Cornell U ni- Not a glass of intoxicating drink can versity are very significant. be had for love or money. Not even a pipe or cigar is ever seen within its "Let the evolutionists remember limits except as brought by tourists. two things: First, that evolution can One never hears God's name taken in not have evolved itself; second, that vain, nor any profane word. When unlike the brutes, humanity advances, Sunday comes, Sabbath stillness rests and we can not tell what the end will over the village; no unnecessary work be; whether it may not be the final is done, even to lifting an ax to chop ascendency of the spiritual over the kindling or carry a pail of water, or material in man. Man, let the evolu- tionists remember, advances and rises. The beast does not." AMERICA quisite to a successful evangelization of the world. The increase of mis- A Wit on Missionary Giving sionary knowledge and the eagerness for service resulting has been of in- Robert J. Burdette has recently calculable value. Plans are now on said: for a regular graded course that will undoubtedly serve to a still larger "There is about as much reason why comprehension of the great work of the pastor should urge upon the flock spreading the gospel to the uttermost the great importance of cordial and regions. From this period of culture generous support of missions, as there we can confidently look for a greater is for the mother to impress upon the movement into the world of achievefather this week, and next week, and ment. We are in this second stage of the week after that, the fact that the the missionary movement when the children need shoes. A man may subject has been made the theme of have seven children to make him many study circles-when Epworth proud and happy and strong, and yet Leagues, Christian Endeavor Sohe is always astonished when it is an- cieties, Young People's Missionary nounced that one of them needs organizations, and even higher instianother pair of shoes. It is much the tutions of learning have applied themsame with home missions. When the selves to a practical consideration of pastor announces the offering for mis-. the field and its needs. sions for the current year, astonishment answers with its staccato, Outcome of the Laymen's Movement , What! Again!' Then the usual pause, as tho to recover from the The secretary of the Laymen's shock, and then the accusing ques- Missionary Movement in Canada, on tion, 'What did you do with the offer- his return from the Chicago congress, ing I gave you last year?' Well, made a compilation of the gifts for motherlike, I must confess; we spent missions in 1907 and in 1909 by the it for missions. different con1l11unions in Canada as follows: Anglican, $252,910 in 1907, "Now we want more shoes for our $328,387 in I909; Baptist, $206,703, own children. We want 'more' this $262,009; Congregationalist, $10,282, year than we did last, because, thank $15,954; Methodist, $50~M09, $633,- God, there are more children. 'Why 753; Presbyterian, $472 ,075, $665,966. can't the younger children wear the This makes a total of $1.451,079 for outgrown shoes of the elder ones?' 1907, against a total of $1,906,069 for Because-again I thank God-our 1909, or an increase of nearly onemissions do not crawl around and out- third in two years. grow their shoes. A religion that sits still long enough to outgrow its clothes Jewish Revised Yersion of the Bible has also outgrown itself and its life, and has need of nothing but a long, For some time American Jews, esdeep, dark, lonely, unresurrectable pecially the Central Conference of grave. Missions never outgrow any American Rabbis and the Union of of their clothes. They hustle around American Hebrew Congregations (the and wear them out." two representative organizations of reform Jews) have been diligently Young People's Mill8ionary Movement preparing a revised version of the Old Testament in the English language. There are two directions in which The new translation has been almost the Young People's Missionary Move- finished and an appeal for funds has ment has, in the few years it has been been sent out from Cincinnati, the a force, made its influence felt. It has headquarters of Reform Judaism, for gathered the young men and women its publication. The appeal states, of our churches into groups for in- "Christians are expending millions of telligent study of the field of missions, dollars annually for the publication the problems involved, and the intellectual and spiritual equipment reand distribution of the Bible. Surely, Alaska and Labrador vary their mowe Jews, whose ancestors gave man- notonous diet of fish and blubber with kind its greatest Book, should be eager tinned meats from Chicago and Kanto engage in similar work. A large sas City; if the natives of Equatoria sum of money is required to publish insist on buying cotton-sheeting that the new translation of the Bible is stamped 'American' and will take properly. The Jews of the United no other, our merchants and manu- States are being called upon to supply facturers, instead of praising the conthe funds." sul or commercial traveler, may thank the American missionary," An earlier appeal brought a considerable number of responses ranging A Model Wealthy City Church from $5 to $25 each, but the undertaking calls for more liberal support St. Bartholomew's Protestant Episthan it received in answer to it. ,Each copal. parish has completed its $130,- subscriber to the fund will receive a 000 Improvements that were started copy of the new translation. after it was decided that the church should remain in its present location. Home Missions Still Needed Serious consideration was given a year ago to a change. That which The Congregationalist tells of a brought about the decision to stay was Methodist minister who, in making a the need for a place of worship here, journey of 52 miles through eastern where center large hotels and where Tennessee into Kentucky, passed 19 for many years at least will be the towns in which his denomination had heart of the borough. The improveno work, but, more significant still, in ments consist of the new rectory in many of which "there is no church of Thirty-eighth street, already altered any kind," and says: "Add this item and into which the rector has moved, to the similar 133 discovered in Colo- and the change of the old rectory adrado and over 40 in Illinois, and we joining the church on the south into shall begin to think there is actually a parish building. This building has need for some more home mission- on its first floor a chapel that is to be aries." used for Sunday-school purposes, a mortuary chapel, and chofr-rooms. On Jews Flocking to Winnipeg the second are rooms for meetings of parish organizations, and above are There are 13 Jewish synagogs III clergy offices. Winnipeg. This is owing, not so much to the extent of the Jewish popu- Slav Missions in Chical(o lation as to the variety of nationalities represented, each havipg its own place The Chicago Tract Society has its of worship. There are 10,000 Jews largest work among the Slavic immithere, only about one-fourth as many grants and other peoples of foreign as in Montreal, but they have more speech. The field of labor of this desynagogs, Besides those attending partment has expanded far beyond these synagogs, it is said that many Chicago and even out of the State of Jews have lapsed from their own faith. Illinois, and last year reached "from Many bearing Jewish names have no the great Bohemian colonies of Texas religious connection with the Jews. on the south to those of the Swedes and Finlanders of Manitoba and Al- By-products of Missions berta on the north." Of the nearly 80 missionaries who have served the so- Mr. F. A. Powell, late of the United ciety during the twenty years of its States consulate in the Ottoman do- operation, 25 have been employed durminion, in Everybodis Magazine, has ing the past year; and they speak in this to say as to the "by-products" of 23 languages. missionary toil: "If the clatter of American harvesters is heard to-dav from one end of Asia Minor to the other; if the Eskimo of Greenland and Jubilee of Woman's Work ization of about 560,000,000 of peo- ple in the non-Christian world. This The year 19IO is the year of jubi- will require the quadrupling of our lee for organized work in foreign mis- present force of missionaries and a sions. The first women's society in corresponding increase in contributhis country was organized in 1860, tions from approximately $II,OOO,OOO with Mrs. Doremus as president, and last year to about $45,000,000 anentitled "Women's Union Missionary nually. As we spend over $300,000,- Society of America for Heathen 000 annually for religious purposes in Lands." The first woman in all the our own country, one-sixth of this world, fully equipped as medical mis- amount to reach a population equal to sionary to women and children in non- six times that of the United States is Christian lands was Miss Clara Swain, surely a conservative estimate of our of New York, who was sent to India financial responsibility. in 1869.

Our Polyglot Population Bible Study Among Student.

According to the New York Chris- According to The Century: "In tian Advocate, 41 languages are used West Point, tho the cadets have but in church services in America, inclu- forty-five minutes a day to themselves, ding Arabic, Armenian, Chinese, Es- yet 260 of them meet weekly for thonian, Gaelic, Modern Syriac, Let- prayer and study of the Word. In the tish, Montenegrin, Wendish and Yid- United States and Canada, in 539 edudish. The Bible societies furnish all cational institutions, 32,259 college Christian communions with the men now belong to voluntary Bible Scriptures in their own tongue; 77 classes." denominations have German-speaking churches, 25 American-Indian, 22 Nor- Mr. Bryan in Brazil wegian, 21 Swedish and 13 Italian. German also leads in membership, A missionary writes horne that "the 3,601,943, followed by I<rench with most interesting thing about Mr. 1,160,420, and Italian with 938,994. Bryan's visit was the brave way in Minnesota, Wisconsin and Pennsyl- which he stood for all that is best in vania have the largest number of positive and aggressive Christianity. churches and other religious organiza- The first thing he did in S. Paulo, aftions using foreign languages exclu- ter getting his dinner late in the evesively. New York reports 27 lan- ning, was to go to the Y. M. C. A. guages used in her churches; Penn- rooms and deliver an address and hold sylvania, 28; Illinois, 26, and Ohio, 24, an informal reception. In Rio, he while three States-South Carolina, made an address at the Y. M. C. A., Georgia and Kentucky-report only spoke at the M. E. Church where 3 languages, and seventeen other there is an English-speaking congre- States less than IO. gation of worshipers, visited the Cen- tral Mis::lOn for the sailors and for the Our Share of Wodd-work poorer classes in a destitute part of the great city, and made it clear to all that It took one hundred years of mod- he was first of all a Christian man, a ern missionary effort to win the first servant of the God of nations. I dare million converts. We passed the mil- say Mr. Bryan would not agree with lion mark in 1896. It only took the lady who, after a residence of twelve years to win the second mil- many months in Rio, had been unable lion. For the past two years we have to find .any results of Protestant misbeen winning them at the rate of a sion work in the city. He had found million in six years. large results of such work before he had been there twenty-four hours, but The fair share of the United States in this, as in many other things, men in the solution of the missionary find what they look for." problem is to provide for the evangel- British Guiana aa a Mission Field Churches planted and prospering among the hundreds of nations, tribes, and com- Seventy years ago British Guiana munities on the world's surface? Where was practically a Christian country. would have been the ten thousand phil- The superstitions of the aborigines re- anthropic institutions of Godlike charmained, as did some of those imported acter? Where would have been those from Africa in the dark days of homes which, with outstretched loving slavery; but the majority of the people arms, embrace every conceivable state of had been Christianized, and Christian- suffering? All this came from the love ity was the only recognized religion. of Christ, who while on earth was in To-day about half the population are earnest to commence and carryon these followers of non-Christian religions. greatest of all triumphs, because they This is due to the system of State im- are eternal. Heaven is still in earnest, migration which was inaugurated af- and responding to the Macedonian cry. ter the abolition of slavery. When the slaves had been emancipated and the o how it stirs the soul to the center traffic in human lives stopt it was found necessary, in order to secure a that while we are enjoying the light of reliable supply of labor for the sugar heaven shining on the eternal regions of plantations to introduce laborers from glory, aye, and of wo, there are daily other countries, and since r845 there thousands perishing for lack of that has been a regular inflow of inden- knowledge. tured coolies from India. Some of these have returned to their native Altho I have been instant in missionland after their term of service has ex- ary work since 1816, I still feel all alive pired, but the majority have elected to to the interests of the Redeemer, and, remain, and to-day the number of had it not been for an overtaxed brain East Indians equals that of all the from giving the natives the Bible in their other races in this many-peopled own language, I should still have been colony combined. Many have become there. landed proprietors. Children of former indentured laborers are found Her Gift Saved Livingstone filling responsible positions in the colonv. Some are wealthy merchants, The Rev. F. B. Meyer, in showing and others have found their way into how life is linked with life in influence the learned professions. With the im- for good in work for the world, said: migration system there were intro- "Vhen Livingstone went to Africa duced into British Guiana the tO there was a Scotch woman named great religions of India, Hinduism an( 1 Mrs. MacRobert, quite advanced in Mohammedanism, and to-day, near by life, who had saved up thirty pounds, the Christian place of worship, stands which she gave to the great missionthe Hindu temple or the Mohammedan ary, saying: 'When you go to Africa, I want you to spare yourself exposure mosque. and needless toil by hiring some com- petent body-servant who will go with EUROPE you wherever you go and share your sacrifices and exposures.' With that Moffat's Estimate of Missions money he hired his faithful servant known as Sebalwe. When the lion The British Weekly has recently had thrown Livingstone down and printed a hitherto unpublished letter crtlsht the bones of his left arm, and of Robe1,"t Moffat, written after his was about to destroy him, this man, final retirement from the Dark Conti- seeing his critical condition, drew off nent, and in r879. In the closing por- the attention of the lion to himself, tion he says: thinking that he would save his mas- ter at the cost of his own life. The I often think what would the world, lion sprang at him, but just at that had as much of it is, have been but for moment the guns of other companions proclamation of the everlasting Gospel. brought him down, and Livingstone's Where would have been the hundreds of life was prolonged for thirty years. cannibal islands in the South Seas, now Surely that noble Scotch woman, as Christianized? Where the thousands of well as the servant, should be credited with some, at least, of the results of the noble devotion of that .great mis- sionary." And the Cale of Spain ia No Better tine have had high ideals as to im- provements. The new government The Bulletin Trimestriel of the was expected to immediately reform French Bible Society calls attention to all abuses and to introduce ameliorated the fact that the Spanish pastor, Rod- conditions of life generally. . . . In riguez, has been in prison for two one direction only have the people months for distributing Bibles and for themselves attempted improvement, having attended the funeral of a little and that is in the line of education. In child whose parents had become Prot- Jerusalem a number of the natives, estant. The High Court upheld the both Moslem and Christian, have decision. With Pastor Rodriguez, his united together to open a non-sectarian brother, a Protestant school-teacher, day-school. The secular subjects are and the mayor of Avinet were also taught from Monday to Friday, Satsent to prison. The jail in which they urday is reserved for the religious inwere incarcerated has been pro- struction, which is to be given by a nounced utterly uninhabitable. Mme. teacher sent by the religious body to Rodriguez writes: which the pupil belongs, and Sunday, not Friday, is the weekly holiday. "Five prisoners are shut up in a Holidays are given for both Christian little room. The heat is tropical. and Moslem feasts."-C. M. S. Ga- Want of air, vermin and evil odors zette. make the place insupportable. Fifteen days before his imprisonment my hus- A Connl on Miuionariea band was in the doctor's hands for rheumatic fever. Pray for us who are Consul Powells is a prominent memsuffering for Christ's cause." ber of the American consular service in the Turkish Empire, a man of af- Salvation Army Still Campaigning fairs, and a traveled and experienced politician, and he is also familiar with The result of the Salvation Army every side and every result of Chrisself-denial week is i69,034. Altho tian missions in different parts of the this represents a failure to "smash the world. A short time ago he pubtarget," the General is quite satisfied lished a remarkable article on "The with it in view of the many difficulties Romance of the Missionary" declaring in the way. The total is iS7 below that "commerce, geography, and civlast year's result. The result in the ilization alike owe the missionary a London area is again encouraging, debt which they can never hope to reshowing an increase on last year of pay." He demands praise for the nearly ir,ooo; and other important ad- American missionaries who have vances are in Manchester, Glasgow, spread our mercantile influence and Newcastle, and. Southampton. South who have marched in the very van of Wales has fallen off considerably, ow- history and gradually raised the physing, no doubt, to the possibility of a ical, social, and moral standards of great coal strike. "But," says the whole countries, doing the work of General, in his message of thanks, education, relief, sanitation, healing, "who cares for a walkover?" and moral reform most widely, rapidly and thoroughly. He affirms ASIA that the hard-headed men doing busi- ness in foreign lands, men with scant Moslems and Christians Study Together sympathy for preachers and the like, welcome the missionary as a power for Mr. F. T. Ellis; headmaster of practical good, and he cites the case of Bishop Gobat School, Jerusalem, says the worldly and irreligious British that it is remarkable to see the friendly lumber-dealer in India who gave the way in which Moslems, Jews and Y. M. C. A. $100,000, because its in- Christians fraternize as compared with fluence had changed the habits of his their former attitude to one another. employees, introduced honesty, so- "On account of important political changes that have taken place in the Turkish Empire the people of Palesbriety, and fidelity, and built up his CHINA business interests. Queer Ways on Chinese Railways Mr. Powells' article is a strong testimony to the secular value of mis- A correspondent of the London sions and to the courage, ability, con- Times recently reported that on one secration, and hard practical sense of railway the trains have not one native the men and women who have conse- conductor, but a band of three-a by crated their lives to the preaching of no means effective protection against the Gospel to the heathen. It con- ·'squeezing." Then the passenger detains a wonderful list of nearly a score siring to purchase a ticket finds every of men whose "prayer-book and Bible difficulty put in his way: while he joins have proved more powerful than the the crowd that is crushing outside the rifle and the machine-gun," and thus booking-office clamorous for tickets, it makes good reading for those who the ticket-clerk is chatting pleasantly are not taking much interest in for- with half a dozen of his friends behind eign missions. the closed window. The greatest diffi- culty the management has to contend The Power of a Parable with is the petty pilfering and the nightly thefts of ring-bolts and plates The parable of the Prodigal Son ap- from the line; no less than 60,000 peals to the Arab mind. Colporteur bolts per month and IO,OOO plates per Bouin, in the province of Constantine, annum are stolen from the Pekingstates that "it is the parable of the Hankow Railway. What is the mo- Prodigal Son that interests them so tive? To make hoes and plowshares, much. When once they have read and even scissors and razors, the steel that parable, they immediately buy the being much superior to the native book." Similar testimony is given by product. And what is the penalty? Colporteur Rolot, who spends most of There is none. No law has been found his time in the province of Algiers. in the ancient archives to meet the "In the market-place I showed the theft of screw-bolts, and therefore parable of the Prodigal Son to an malefactors escape unscathed, tho the Arab, and asked him to read it. He police know where the plunder is did so with great delight, but I could stored! not persuade him to buy a gospel. A little while afterward another group Shanghai, a Miuionary Center of Arabs was examining my books. Turning round I saw this same man, Rev. V. S. Myers writes, of Shangand again offered him a gospel. 'Show hai, that as a business center this city me again the story which I read,' he is probably the second largest in the replied. I did so. He read it once East. Hongkong surpasses it in the more, weighed the gospel in his hands, tonnage of the vessels which enter it, examined it on every side, smelt it, but probably no other port. It is also and then decided to b~y it." the headquarters in China for at least twenty missionary societies, including Colporteur Bouin reports· that in Bible and tract societies, Y. M. C. A., many of the villages he found great Y. W. C. A., etc. The representatives poverty. Some villagers did not even of all these societies are joined in possess the 10 centimes (rd) neces- the Shanghai Missionary Association, sary to purchase a single gospel. In which meets monthly for mental stimseveral instances they paid in small ulus, social intercourse, etc. Tunisian coppers called floos, seven of which make one sou. Despite the The Bible a Cure for Opium lack of money, however, he left no fewer than 450 copies of St. Luke's An agent of the Bible Society Gospel in these remote corners of the writes : "We were coming down on the desert. At one village even those who boat from Canton, and, walking on the could not read purchased themselves Chinese deck, I saw a man smoking copies of the new "colloquial" gospel. opium and reading an English book. As I saw he knew English, I addrest on purpose to buy a New Testament.

him; under the influence of opium he Living in an out-of-the-way place, he was wonderfully communicative. The had never before seen a foreigner or book turned out to be St. John's Gos- heard a preacher; but a copy of the pel, and he was reading about our Gospel of Matthew, bought from a Lord's crucifixion. He had only colporteur two years ago, had come picked it up because he wanted to im- into his hands. He read it time after prove his English, but he was deeply time, and then he longed for an op- imprest by it, and his comments were portunity to learn more of its meaning.

most interesting. He asked me whether He came while I was away itinerating, it was true that when our Lord was but determined to wait for me. When crucified He had stood alone against I returned, he had already read the all the power of the Jews and the Ro- New Testament through twice, and mans, and when he received an answer nearly through the third time. His in the affirmative, he added, 'Then He heart and mouth were simply brim- must have been divine, for no man ming over with the good things he who was not divine could have stood had found. I invited him to my home, alone.' To the Chinese mind, which is and he staved on some time longer, incapable of any separate action, which attending ail the meetings. Before he is powerless unless it has the moral left, he asked for baptism."-The support of the Government, of a gild, Bible in the World.

or even a secret society, the story of A Mi••ion Come to Town the crucifixion appeals most strongly as an example of divine strength of Bishop Molony, of the English purpose." Church Mission writes : "We now have about 4,000 Christians in the The Fruit of Two Live. province of Cheh-Kiang and 20 Chi- Two pioneer missionaries reached nese clergy. They have their own Hankow, June 21, 1861, soon after missionary society, which. works in that city had fallen for the fourth time three divisions of the provtnce, where into the hands of the T'aip'ing rebels. there is no foreign society, and em- These two men were the Rev. Robert ploys a clergyman and two laym.en.

Wilson and the Rev. Griffith John. Several parishes are self-supportmg Both had spent some time in prepara- and others wiII soon be." tion, and looked forward to a life- work in Central China. In a few JAPAN months Robert Wilson fell asleep. Birthday. in Japan Griffith John is still with us, waiting Japanese children do not ha-ye sepafor the call of his Lord. rate birthdays. Instead ther~ 1S a ~es­ tival in March for all the httIe g~r1s, The new chapel of the Griffith John and another in May for all the httle College was dedicated on December II, 1909, to the glory of God and in boys. .d memory of Robert Wilson. After the If you were a little girl and hve lapse of nearly six decades, two build- there, all your relations a?d friend~ ings stand side by side on the outskirts of busy Hankow; the one in memory would give you presents m March, of a life-work of more than fifty years given for the uplift of China, the other your little sister would have presents in memory of a life lived and laid on the same day, too; and so w~uld down almost ere his work was well begun. your girl cousins and all the !lttle girls you know, ~nd ~ere would be The Power of the Book big birthday partles gomg on every- From Shensi, the Rev. Robert Bergling, of Hanchenghsien, writes: "A where. Then in May the boys would have few months ago a, man came here their turn. Their festival is called ~e "fish festival." Every family havmg a, hoy sets u:8 ~ bi~ fla~staff in the doorway of its house. On the top of pendence Club, and Yi Sang Choi the pole is a gilt ball, and flying from joined it. The doings of the club exthe pole is a whole string of fish made cited the suspicion of the party in of oiled paper or cloth. The golden power and a number of its active memball signifies a treasure which the fish bers were incarcerated. Among them is supposed to be forever trying to was a group of eleven men under the reach. This means that the boy, when leadership of Yi Sang Choi, all but he is a man, will have to battle his way one stanch followers of Confucius. through life in the same way as the The one was a Christian, and he perfish struggle up the river. It is a sort suaded his companions in misery to of little lecture to the Japanese boys make a careful study of the teachings to be ambitious.-Christian Advocate. of Christ. During the day they studied separately, but at night they discust A Wonderful Story from Korea together what they had studied. Many a night they talked even unto day- The following story by Mr. L. H. break. Snyder, of the Y. M. C. A. in Seoul, is one of the most romantic incidents Finally, as if by magic, all became in the history of Christianity in the persuaded that the gospel is the power Far East: of God unto salvation to everyone that believeth. All became leaders in Mr. Yi Sang Choi, former secretary the native church of Korea. Several of the Imperial Cabinet, was sent to have died in the faith, and Mr. Yi Washington with the first Korean em- Sang Choi is director of the religious bassy about twenty years ago. While work of the Y. M. C. A. at Seoul. there he received from a Chinese official a copy of the New Testament and AFRICA the Book of Proverbs written in Chinese. Hearing that this was the Book The Romance of the Negro so extensively read by the West and that it was the foundation of Western Writing in the Spirit of Missions civilization, he accepted it and g-ave it upon this theme, Rev. S. H. Bishop careful consideration, expecting that suggests: First, he is one of the three thereby he would become familiar with great branches of mankind which, so the systems of government of the far as present indications go, are Vest, their military and naval achieve- likely to survive; namely, the white, ments, their methods of education, the yellow, and the black. etc. He read a chapter, then threw the book down, only to pick it up The second element of romance beagain, repeating the process through- longing to the negro is the fact, if we out a whole year. Then he was con- may trust some of the most recent vinced that it contained nothing su- scientific investigations, that he first perior or even equal to the teachings exploited the mineral wealth of the of his revered Confucius. Shortly af- world for artistic and commercial purterward he returned to Korea. poses, and that he first wove cotton and other materials into cloth. A A few years later Dr. Jai So Poel, tribe of negroes seems to have made a Korean nobleman, educated and the beautiful cloth in which the Egypnaturalized in the United States, re- tian dead were interred, and is still turned to Korea under special contract making it. with his government. In his numerous addresses to the Koreans he constant- The third element of romance in the ly recommended Christianity to them. negro is that he has a music which is Mr. Yi Sang Choi became aware of peculiarly expressive of that faith this, began to follow him and to argue which carries a people through caagainst him, trying to show the su- lamity worse than death. Every primperiority of Confucius in every point. itive music such as that of the negro has in it the note of final despair; Dr. Jai So Poe1 started the Inde- but the music of the negro has the note of final hope; and therefore it not only helped to carry the ex- dusky lady of his heart will not look patriated negro through slavery, but at him a love charm is his resort.- has charmed the heart and uplifted J. B. MCCORD, of Natal.

the spirit of all mankind. The Baganda at Home Good New. from Egypt C. W. HatterIy has written a book The converts of the United Presby- with this title, which is full of informa- terian Mission in Egypt number tion about Uganda, the land and peo- 20,000, and among them are 43 or- ple. These two paragraphs are espe- dained Egyptians, besides numbers of cially interesting: native helpers, teachers and colpor- The population of Uganda in 1905 teurs. In the town of Asyut there are was 717,535, of whom 376,910 were 2,200 young people in the higher returned as Christians, 300,279 as hea- schools of the mission. Tho the bap- then, and 40,346 as Mohammedans.

tized Mohammedans have not exceed- No member of the Protestant mission ed 160, an influence favorable to the is baptized, unless he be blind or other- gospel is being exercised on the Mo- wise disabled, until he is able to read.

hammedan population through the hos- Almost every village has its school, pitals, the schools, and the visitation in which there are in alI over 32,000 of the harems. It is pleasant to recall scholars. It is doubtless, owing to the the fact that so wisely and thoroughly sleeping sickness, that the death-rate does this company of workers occupy of Uganda is in advance of the birth- the Nile valley, that it has no rival, rate. Since 1901 its ravages have and is known as the American mis- been appalIing, and if the number of sion. deaths from it are decreasing, it is Zulu Fear of Witchcraft only because the people in the area af- fected have almost died out.

The Zulu baby is born into the fear Of the work of the trained native of witchcraft; in the fear of witch- evangelists and of the native clergy, craft he grows up, and when he sickens Mr. Hattersley says, we can not speak and is about to die his one thought too highly The number of is that a spell has been cast upon him these men, including paid and volun- for which the charm can not be dis- tary workers, can not be far short of covered. AlI his life long he dreads 4,000, who devote practically the whole in lonely places to meet the inswela~ of their time to the work of the boya, the beast in human form who Church. The most highly paid only pounces upon and makes medicine of receive i2 a year, less than the wages the unwary traveler. In mature man- of a common laborer. To these men hood he suspects his neighbor, his is due to a very large extent the rapid fri'end, his brother, and even his wife extension of the work, the office of of being or dealing with an umtakati, several Europeans being to teach such a maker of charms and poisons. He and send them forth, and then to visit walks with an uneasy feeling that an them periodically and strengthen their enemy may have put medicine on his hands in the work. Each teacher is path for harm to him unless he is a bookseller, there being no shops, wearing a talisman against it. From with the exception of one or two in every possible source, from earth and the main centers. There can be no from sky, from river and from forest, doubt that it is to the Word of God from friend and from foe, he is con- in their own tongue that the success tinually apprehensive of evil influence of the work is mainly due coming upon him. And witchcraft is There are no closed doors in the heart often his hQpe as well as his fear. It of Africa. All are wide open, arid is his dependence for getting even with the servant of the Lord wilI find the his enemy by throwing a spelI on his Word will have free course and be person, his path, or his food. If the glorified everywhere. Celebrating a Notable Baptism str·mg character and earnest purpose, desiring to lead his people into the Chief Khama, the great Christian light of God. Chief of the Bamangwato tribe in the Bechuanaland Protectorate, arranged OBITUARY NOTES on May 6th to celebrate the jubilee of his baptism, and the directors of the The Gassner Missionary Society of London Missionary Society, at their Berlin has sustained a heavy loss in meeting in April, passed the following the death of Rev. F. P. Hahn, one of resolution in relation to this interest- its oldest and most able missionaries. Mr. Hahn died on the 3d of May, at ing event, in celebration of which Mussourie, in the Himalaya Moun- Khama had planned a great meeting tains, where he had gone for recuperaof the tribe to express thanksgiving tion. He had served in India for 42 for the mercies of the past fifty years, years. In 1884, with the help of the and to testify what Christianity has "Mission to Lepers in India and the done for him and his people: East," he founded a leper asylum in Lohardaga, Chota-Nagpur, and, when "The directors desire to express to later transferred to Purulia, Bengal, their friend, the Chief Khama, their was the means of building up the hearty congratulations on having been model asylum located in that city. This spared in the good providence of God leper asylum is unquestionably the to complete fifty years as a member of largest in India, containing at the the Christian Church. They praise God present time nearly 800 inmates. Mr. for His grace revealed in the conver- Hahn was considered an authority on sion of the Chief Khama in early life leper work. He furthermore distinfrom heathenism, and for enabling guished himself as a linguist in the inhim in the trying days of his early vestigation and publication of several manhood to withstand all the pressure of the aboriginal languages, such as of temptation and persecution, and to the Oraon and Mundari. The British maintain under very difficult condi- Government, recognizing the valuable tions, a consistent Christian life. They services he had rendered as a linguist thank God that during his long life and philanthropist, conferred upon and labor as the ruler of one of the him, in the year of 1906, the golden most powerful tribes in Bechuanaland, medal of the first order of "Kaiser-iamid the many political and social Hind." At home Mr. Hahn was succhanges which have taken place as the cessful in stimulating the organization result of the growing intercourse of of an auxiliary branch for medical misthe Europeans and the native races, sionary work within his own society, the same abounding grace of God has and another branch for what is known enabled the chief to maintain a char- in German missionary societies as the acter and reputation which have com- "Schwestern-Arbeit," or work for femended him to all men as a true Chris- male nurses. His two works: "Sagen tian and a wise ruler. The directors und Miirchen der Kols" and "Einfiihpray that the evening-time of their rung in das Gebiet der Kolsmission" friend's honored life may be long and (published by Bertelsmann, Giitersloh, calm, and that he may see the abun- Germany), are of lasting value to the dant rains of the influence of God's German missionary literature. gracious Spirit descend upon his people and resulting in a great ingather- Miss Sarah H. Woolston, a woman ing to the Christian Church." who was a missionary when it was a sacrifice to be one, and when travel Dr. Wardlaw Thompson, in submit- was a hardship, died in Mount Holly, ting the foregoing resolution, spoke of the bitter hostility of Khama's father, N. J., June 11th, at the age of eighty. and his attempt to kill the son who espoused Christianity. He is a man of With her sister Beulah Woolston, who died twenty-four years ago, she went to China in 1858, and after a voyage of

GENERAL MISSIONARY

one hundred and forty-seven days them at their home and were always around the Cape of Good Hope, landed received with Christian courtesy and at Shanghai, and proceeded to Foo teaching. They also established a num- Chow, where the two sisters estab- ber of day-schools at different and lished a boarding school for Chinese often distant points in our work, which girls. Their pioneer work, which has they visited regularly, and often at grown to extensive proportions, they great inconvenience and exposure to continued for twenty-five years. The themselves. With all this work they author of "Eminent Missionary Wo- found time for literary work-prepamen," the late Mrs. John T. Gracey, ration and translation of school-books says of these two sisters-for their life and the editing of the "Child's Illuswork was ever the same-"In addition trated Paper in Chinese." These sisters to the care of the school they estab- led the van of Methodist women in the lished, hundreds of women visited East.

FOR THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY JOHN FREDERIC OBERLIN and A CRUSADE OF ness. It was a fine example of con- BROTHERHOOD. formity and non-conformity at the These two companion books from same time, and reminds one of the Ital- the pen of Augustus Field Beard, ian peasants who, when forbidden to and published by the Pilgrim exhibit the tri-color, arranged the vege- Press of New York and Chicago, tables in their baskets so as to exhibit make us regret that their gifted the loved colors of their flag.

author has not done more wri- "The Crusade of the Brotherhood" is ting in his not uneventful life. His the story of the American Missionary picture of Oberlin shows the genius of Association, its inception, early efforts, biography. He has caught the }im- its founders, pioneers and patrons, ner's art, and knows how so to touch and its principles and work. Dr.

with skill that every new line tells. He Beard's pen interests us in this noble has given us a charming and living organization as he did in the man of likeness of Pastor Oberlin. His linea- the wild Mount Amour district of ments speak. There is no excess of Alsace. And there is not a little re- praise and no evasion of truth; we see semblance between the pastor and the the man among men, with all his faults organization-the motive and method and virtues-a real, live man, his sim- of the man and the association favora- plicity and sincerity, self-sacrifice and bly compare. We see the same phil- philanthropy, but none the less his anthropy at work, and among similar self-will and a persistence akin to ob- classes of society, teaching the opprest stinacy. We have read many sketches and ignorant and indolent the secrets of the pastor of Walback, but none of self-development and self-direction, that equal Dr. Beard's. His versatility and the same pious loyalty to truth and was noticeable. He turned his hand manhood characterizing both. The to agriculture, road-making, manu~ whims are alike in style and not unlike facture; he founded schools, churches, in contents; and one who reads either a library, and in the days of the revo- will want to read the other. Even in lution a social club, and when forbid- these days when "of making many den to hold church services and or- books there is no end," it pays to pe- dered to glorify "the republic" and ruse carefully such pages as these.

curse the "tyrant," he adroitly turned We hope for more book-making from the club into a religious body, chose the same author.

Sunday as the best day for the club- The secretary of the Home Mission- meetings, and as their chosen orator ary Society of Massachusetts has "downed" the tyrant of sin and selfish- bought thirty-eight copies of Oberlin's

"Life" to distribute among his home The second is an account of a chilmission churches to stimulate the drens' story-club and what they courage and patience of these workers learned of Africa and China and Inin rural communities. We can cor- dia. The third is a short, impressive dially commend his judgment and ex- account of leprosy in the East and ample. Such a book will help anyone what Christianity is doing for lepers. who reads it. STUDIES IN THE LIFE AND TEACHINGS OF Everyland-A new magazine for boys and OUR LoRD. By Rev. R. A. Torrey. 8vo, girls. Published by the Everyland Pub- 347 pp. $1.50. Bible Institute, Chi- lishing Co., West Medford, Boston, Mass. cago. 1909.

We again commend this new quar- The peculiar feature of these studies terly, edited by Lucy W. Peabody and is its division into 140 lessons based Helen Barrett Montgomery, and can on a harmonized life of Christ, each join in the general chorus of praise lesson taking up in turn the "Disfrom many discriminating readers, not coverv of Facts" dealt with in the sechaving yet seen one word except of tion, ind the classification of the teachhigh appreciation, and withal it is a ings on various subjects. It is a fine missionary magazine, meant to stimu- basis for a doctrinal and devotional late an intelligent and hearty interest study, sending the student to the Bible in children of all lands, as its name im- itself for information. plies. We have seen nothing hitherto that seems to us so admirably fitted to SERVANTS OF THE KING. By Robert E. fill a gap in the literature of our day. Speer. Portraits. 12m0, 216 pp. 60 We had no sooner introduced the first cents. Young People's Missionary number into our family circle than Movement, New York. 1909. there was a demand for subsequent issues. This will be the case with This is a group of brief biographi- cal sketches of the lives of missionmany others. aries-home and foreign. Some are Everyland offers the following well known, like Livingstone, Whip- ple, Verbeck, Isabella Thoburn, Patprizes. Fifty dollars for the best story teson and Falconer, while others are on foreign missions, with twenty-five comparatively little known, but are dollars as a second prize. worth knowing. These are Wm. Tay- lor, Alice Jackson, Eleanor Chestnut, Fifty dollars for the best story of Matthew Yates, and James Roberthome missions or city missions, with son. The life stories are brief and to twenty-five dollars as a second prize. the point. They would form an in- spiring subject for study by any in- They must be stories, true to life, telligent, earnest group of young peonot descriptions or sermons; adapted ple. to young folks between ten and sixteen; must not exceed 4,500 words; BESIDE THE RED MOUNTAIN. By Kingston should be illustrated with sketches or de Gruche. Illustrated. 12mo, 197 pp. photographs, if possible, and must be 2s, 6d. Robert Culley, London. 1909. in the editor's hands not later than Missionary life in a Chinese city is October I, I9IO. full of novelty, but is strenuous and a test of endurance. Read these pic- OTHER PEOPLE'S PRAYERS. By E. Mabel F. turesque sketches if you would see the Major. 16mo, 80 pp. 6d. native as he is and hear him talk with proper names and idioms translated THE TELL-TALE CLUB. G. A. T. Frere. into English. Here are street scenes, 16mo, 80 pp. 6d. medical dispensaries, journeys, con- versations with Buddhist monks, etc., LEPERS SOUGHT HIS FACE. C. Harder. all described in a readable, impressive 16mo, 80 pp. 6d. The Church Mis- way to show the daily life and sur- sionary Society, London. 1909. roundings of the missionaries.

These are three missionary stories for young people. The first tells of how some children became interested in missions through a picture of Africans praying to the unknown god.

THE MISSIONARY

SNAPSHOTS FROM SUNNY AFRICA. By Helen clearly shown in the glimpses of life E. Springer. Illustrated 12mo, 194 pp. that. are gi,:en. It is a simple, unpre- $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New tentIOUS bIOgraphy, but one that York. 1909. touches the heartstrings.

These are a series of living pictures from real life in South Africa. Each THE .HOUSE OF CHIMHAM. By Edgar chapter describes some scene or inci- Whltakc:r Work. 12mo, 75 cents. Amerident that is worth reading. They are can Society, New York. 1909.

the things that would interest a trav- This is a little Christmas story of eler and a student of Africa. The na- about fifty pages, very delicately got- tive Dance, the Difficulties of an Un- ten up both as to contents and letterknown Tongue, a Burial Service, an press. It is a sort of historical ro- African Fair, Christmas at Old Um- mance founded on the Bible story of tali, and other chapters, would make Barzellai the Gileadite, who showed excellent reading for missionary meet- such loving hospitality to David in his ings or would illustrate brief talks to flight from Absalom; and to whom, Sunday-schools. when he declined, on account of old MISSIONARY STORY SKETCHES AND FOLK age, the royal offer of a home at court LORE FROM AFRICA. By Alexander P. the king gave indirectly a reward i~ Camphor. Illustrated 12mo, 346 pp. the person of Chimham, his son some $1.50, net. Jennings and Graham, Cin- of his. Bethlehem possession;. (2 cinnati. 1909. Sam. XIX: 37-40.) From the refer- To see Africa through the eyes of ence to J erem. xli: 17 to Chiman African is an interesting oppor- ham, it has been supposed that tunity. Dr. and Mrs. Camphor were on this land in later times stood an the first American negro missionaries inn, Khan, or caravanserai, a wellregularly appointed to Africa by the known stopping-place for travelers Methodist Episcopal Missionary So- from Jerusalem to Egypt. And here, ciety. After some chapters telling the the writer of this little brochure asstory of the Liberia Mission, Dr. Cam- sumes, was the inn where Joseph and • phor gives some short incidents con- the mother of Jesus sought a lodging nected with the work and a number and in the stable of which Christ was of striking native legends that reveal born. The little book is very pathetic the thought and customs of African .and touching in its narrative and well life in Liberia. worth a reading for its ethical and UNDER MARCHING ORDERS. By Ethel Dan- spiritual suggestions, iels Hubbard. Illustrated 12mo, 222 pp. At the same time it is to be feared 60 cents, net. The Young People's Missionary Movement, New York. the historic basis is very slender, and the tradition on which the story rests 1909.

Mary Porter Gamewell, the subject very doubtful. There is some uncer- of this biography for young people, tainty about the name, possibly from was a missionary in Peking during the its not being Hebrew. But there is Boxer riots and siege. The story of more doubt about the facts, when her life is unusually full of novelty J ohanan betook himself with his res- and incident and is well told. Her cued captives to this southern rendez- self-sacrificing service for Chinese vous en route to Egypt. This, accord- women has left its impress on the ing to the Keri, is called the "habita- China that is to be. tion of Chimham." Why did an inn, THE DAYS OF JUNE. By Mary Culler or caravanserai, in the vicinity of White. 12mo, 128 pp. 50 cents. Flem- David's city bear the name of Chim- ing H. Revell Co., New York. 1909. ham? The assumption is because it This meaningless title belongs to a had been built and owned by Bar- brief story of the life of a young zellai's son. This is the Masorite in- woman, June Nicholson, who gave her terpretation upon the authority of life as a missionary in China. Her some Jewish tradition, but the substi- beauty and force of character are tution is incapable now of proof or

disproof, tho Blunt, in his "Unde- THE CHRISTIAN STEWARD. July and Octo- signed Coincidences," argues in its ber, 1909, January, 1910. Issued quarfavor. terly by the Association of Christian One formidable difficulty is found Stewards. 25 cents a year, 10 cents a in the fact that even if David made copy. Rev. R. W. Woodsworth, 105 over to Chimham part of his own Yorkville Avenue, Toronto. patrimony, it would have reverted to David's heirs in the Jubilee year, as MENTAL ASSASSINATION, OR CHRISTIAN possessions were inalienable permanently. But this historic uncer- SCIENCE. A Physical, Intellectual Moral tainty need not seriously impair the and Spiritual Peril. By I. M. 'Haldeinterest of what it, after all, only a delightful little romance meant to en- man, D.D. 40 pp. 10 cents. Charles courage all loving and gracious hospitality as having its ultimate and C. Cook, 150 Nassau Street. New York. often unexpected reward. DESTRUCTIVE CRITICISM VS. CHRISTIANITY.

INDIA'S HURT AND OTHER ADDRESSES. By An Expose of Fosterism. By A. C. W. M. Forrest. 12mo. 171 pp. 50 I!ix~m. 24 pp. Bible Colportage Asso- cents, net. Christian Publishing Co., ciation, 826 La Salle Avenue, Chicago, St. Louis, Mo. 1909. Ill.

Most missionaries who have labored MISSIONARY POSTERS, LETTERS AND PICTURE in a foreign field have something POST-CARDS. Published by the Missionworth saying when they return. This is not always of unique value or in- ary Helps Depot, 13 Croxton Street. terest, but it expresses their views of Liverpool, England. the needs of the people, the progress of the work and the duty of the Chris- BUDDHISM AS A RELIGION: Its Historical tian Church at home. Mr. Forrest, a Development and Its Present Condimissionary of the Christian Church, tions. By H. Hackman. 320 pages. 6s, gives us his views on "India's Hurt net. Probsthain & Co., 14 Great Rusand Need," "India's Mothers and sell St., London, W.C. Daughters," "Student Life," "Religious Ideals and Their Realization," the DAWN IN TODALAND. By C. F. Ling. Is, "Dangers and the Results of Christian Missions." The chapter on the "New 6d, net. Morgan & Scott, Ltd., 12 Pat- Theology and Missions" is worth read- ernoster Bldgs., London, E.C. ing, but the positions taken are more favorable to critical conclusions than THE EVANGELICAL INVAS.JON OF BRAZIL. By many missionaries would accept. Samuel R: Gammon, D.D. 179 pages. Presbyterian Committee of Publication, FAITH AND FACT: As Illustrated in the Richmond, Va. 75 cents. History of the China Inland Mission. By Marshall Broomhall. 8vo. 78 pp. SOME JEWISH WITNESSES FOR CHRIST. By China Inland Mission, London, Phila- Rev. A. Bernstein, B.D. Is, 6d. Opera- delphia and Toronto. 1909. tive Jewish Converts' Institution, Pal- estine Pl., Bodney Rd., London, N.E. Here is a remarkable and inspiring record of answered prayer in the his- SEVEN WORDS OF THE RISEN CHRIST. By tory of the China Inland Mission. The whole history is a rebuke to unbelief Joseph Addison Richards. 12mo, 86 and a stimulus to greater dependence pages. National Bible Institute, 156 on God. Nine hundred missionaries Fifth Ave., New York. 60 cents, net. are now supported in China, in answer LIFE OF MARY LYON. By Beth Bradford to prayer. Gilchrist. 8vo, 462 pages. Illustrated. $1.50, net. Houghton, Mifflin Co., Bos- PAMPHLETS ton. 1910.

IDOLATRY. By William L. Jones. 22 pp. THE CHILD IN THE NORMAL HOME. By A. Wm. L. Jones, 283 Linwood Avenue, L. McCrimmon, LL.D. 31 pages. 10 Buffalo, N. Y. cents, net. American Baptist Pub. So- ciety. Philadelphia.

THE HOME AS THE SCHOOL FOR SOCIAL LIV- ING. By Henry Frederick Cope. 36 pages. 10 cents, net. American Bap- tist Pub. Society, Philadelphia.

THE CITY: As IT Is AND As IT Is TO BE.

By Clinton Rogers Woodruff. 51 pages. 15 cents, net. American Baptist Pub. Society, Philadelphia.

THE SOCIAL MISSION OF THE CHURCH. By Alfred Wesley Wishart. 55 pages. 15 cents, net. American Baptist Pub. So- ciety, Philadelphia.

THE CHURCHES OUT&IDE THE CHURCH. By George W. Coleman. 29 pages. 10 c~nt!, ne~. American Baptist Pub. So- cIety, PhIladelphia.

THE CHURCH AND THE LABOR MOVEMENT.

By Charles Stelze. 32 pages. 10 cents net. American Baptist Pub. Society' Philadelphia. '

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1907

OUT-DOOR NOON EVANG ELISTIC MEETINGS, NEW

These were conducted daily, during the summer and early autumn in Union Square and _ffadison Squa re under the allspices of the National Bible Ins titute ( ' 56 Fif th Av e .• New yo.-k)

8lissionary CJ?..eview

of the World xxx. VOL. No. I1. DECEMBER, 1907 VOL. XX. No. IZ New Series Old Series Publish€d uy Funk &:; Wagnalls Company, 44-60 E. 2;)d St., N.Y. Isaac K. Funk, Pres" A. W. Wagnalls, "'ice·Pres. and Treas" RoM. Scolt, Sec'y SIGNS OF THE TIMES THE GOSPEL IN THE CITY STREETS T~E GROWTH OF SOCIALISM Noonday open-air meetings, under The increase of socialism, especially the auspices of the National Bible In- in Great Britain, awakens alarm, not stitute, have been held all summer at only in the political, but in the relig- Madison Avenue· and Twenty-fourth ious world. It has grown numericaliy Street every day, excepting Saturda.vs with great rapidity; but, what is more and Sundays. These meetings have menacing-it is becoming more boldly revealed the soul-hunger of multitudes aggressive, confident and reckless. It in all walks of life. They have proved is the greatest condemnation of the a great opportunity in reaching men, whole system, as such, that the degree for an average of three hundred have to which it is espoused and advocated gathered daily to listen to the Gospel is the index of the measure also in proclaimed by laymen. which Christianity is trampled upon, and evangelical doctrine maligned and Eager attention has been given to ridiculed. The opinions of men do not the message, and large numbers have discredit the facts in regard to God remained at the close of the service to but the disbelief in them have a trespeak to the workers. Perhaps two- mendous influence on the present and thirds of these audiences were foreign future lives of men. The tendency born and unused to such presentations among many socialists is to cut themof the Gospel. selves off from God. For example, Robert Blatchford, editor of The Many different classes were reached Clarion, (London), boldly announces: by these meetings: drunkards, gamblers, moralists, atheis~s, libertines, suc- I do not believe that Christianity or cessful business men, paupers, learned Buddhism or Judaism or'Mohammedaand ignorant. nism is true. I do not believe that any one of these religions is necessary. I do Anyone who is willing to do hand- not believe that anyone of them affords to-hand work in trying to lead men a perfect rule of life. into the light as it is in Christ found plenty to do at these meetings. The I deny the existence of a Heavenly volunteer leaders and speakers made Father. I deny the efficacy of prayer. the work inexpensive, ?ut much more I deny the providence of God. I deny could be done if the funds were in the truth of the Old Testament and the hand. Such work calls for our sym- New Testament. I deny the truth of the pathetic cooperation. Gospels. I do not believe any miracle ever was performed. I do not believe t',at Christ was divine. I do not believe hordes of the extremists? "Vhat hapthat Christ died for man. I do not be- pened then will happen in England if tl,e lieve that he ever rose from the dead. teachings of Robert Blatchford are ac- I am strongly inclined to believe that cepted. He may be sincere and he may he never existed at alL be strong, but neither he nor a hundred like him wilJ be able to hold a mob I deny that Christ in any way or in whose worst passions have been aroused. any sense ever interceded for man or saved man or reconciled God to man or How true it is of these men, as of man to God. I deny that the love or the the Hebrews in the time of Christ,- help or the intercession of Christ, or They will not come unto Him f1at Buddha, or Mohammed, or the Virgin they may have life. Mary is of any use to any man. THE UNSATISFACTION OF UNBELIEF I do not helieve there is any heaven, and I scorn the idea of hell. It would be interesting to have a larger body of facts to justify Dr. No doubt this is an extreme case, Orr's positive statement, in his recent but it indicates where the .socialist Joc- visits to America, that there is a strong trine lands men, and what is its drift. reaction from skepticism back to faith For instance, even such secular papers 011 the part of prominent scientists, as the St. James Ga::;ette and the Eve- rationalistic critics and materialistic ning Standard comment on Mr. Blatch- philosophers. This he regards one of ford's creed, thus: the signs of the times: That declaration, whatever protests "Shortly before his death, John Stumay be made to the contrary, stands as art Mill abandoned his philosophy of an essential part of the extreme Socialist unbelief and 'found his way to the creed. Robert Blatchford is one of the light of Christian truth' is stated upon most able leaders of the party, ancl, be- the authority of the Lord Bishop of ing a brilliant and atL·active writer, has Durham, ancl recently published in the made more converts to Socialism than London papers. The following is the any other Englishman. The Socialists comment upon it from The Episcopal of the Labor party aJlege that his de- Recorder (Philadelphia); claration of atheism gave the Unionists the victory at Kirkdale, and the effect Those who are familiar with his later of his outspokennes3-not his atheism- essays must have recognized how the is the subject of a chorus of lament in cold ~kepticism of his early years passed The Labor Leader (London). In his re- away beneath the melJowing influence of ply, in The Clarion, Mr. Blatchford is not the spiritual world, until not a few were only unrepentant, but he says plainly able to say that they hoped he was not that before Socialism can triumph re- far from the kingdom of God. This hope ligious faith must be destroyed. the Lord Bishop of Durham assures us may be more than a hope, for he de- It is interesting to notice that of all clares that Mill die" a Christian believer. the enemies of Socialism Mr. Blatchford Dr. Moule tells us that he gets his inputs the Christian first. If any still formation from the late Dr. Gurney, the hesitate to believe that Socialism means entirely reliable physician of Nice, who the extinction of Christianity, let them attended Mill in his last illness. That turn their eyes to France, and watch he was a man of lovely spirit, all who Socialist tactics there. Let them also knew him could testify, and we are glad remember the lessons of the French Re- to have this testimony to the fact that volution and of the Commune, when So- toward the end light came to his sorely cialism was put in practise; how long perplexed mind. We would not be unclid religion hold back the flood of ma- derstood as saying that Mill accepted terialism which dominant Socialism unloosed in France, and how long did moderate Socialists stand against the

SIGNS OF THE

all the doctrines of orthodox Christian- their debates could only be held in ity, but, rather, that his skepticism was secret for fear of the Turkish governmeted out by the Spirit's influence, and ment. Many reasons are given for the before he died the dawn, with all its decline of the Faith, the decay of mopotentialities of midday splendor, had rals and the backward condition of broken upon his mind. In this regard, this great essayist was like the late Mr. Moslem lands: Among them fatalism, Romanes, whose sincerity of purpose the degradation of WOIl1en and political was a kindly light that, through the en- . circling gloom, showed the way home. causes are menlioned. The program A prominent lady in London privat- was a miscellaneous one, and the re- Iy told the editor that in the closing sult of the Conference apparently was that there was no unanimity in diagdays of Charles Darwin, she was holding a series of Bible readings in his nosing the heart disease of Islam. The neighborhood, and was invited to hold English Moslem who was a member at meetings also on his own grounds, he the Conference seems to have distin- guished himself by his zeal for the sitting at the open window where he could hear all that was sung and said; propagation of Islam and his ignor- ance of its most elementary principles. and she had frequent conversations with him, of his own seeking, as to The very fact that this pamphlet was printed and that such a conference spiritual things. Another prominent was held is an indication that Islam, man, Mr. Caine, M. P., told a friend like all other non-Christian religions, of similar interviews with Prof. Hux- is conscious of its decline, and is lookley. It is very plain that he who seeks ing for some prop to strengthen the temple of its faith. The. only way to any permanent satisfaction apart from strengthen Islam is to substitute Christ the Lord Jesus' choice, "feedeth on for Mohammed, the church for the ashes." mosque and Calvary for the hypo- A PAN-ISLAMIC CONFERENCE crisies of a religion that "has many AT MECCA good works, but no morality." This In the current number of The East Pan-Islamic Conference at Mecca is and The West (London), there is an another appeal ior missions to Mos- interesting account by Professor D. S. lems. When the enemy is beginning Margoliouth of Oxford, concerning a to waver we must press the battle secret council held at Mecca by pro- along the whole line.

minent Moslems in' 1899 to consider RECENT NEWS FROM ARABIA the decay of their religion. An Arabic pamphlet was published, giving an ac- A study of recent political move- count of the proceedings of this coun- ments not only in the Far East, but cil and its debates. It is almost amus- also in the Levant, makes evident the ing to read that these twenty-three providential hand of God in the his- leading Moslems of every nation un- tory of the nations in opening doors der heaven, from the Euphrates to the for His Gospel, and in nailing open Indus and Morocco,. could not meet doors which once were only ajar. All and have freedom of speech in regard the kings of the earth are the subjects to their own religion save in the hired of our Savior and to whomsoever He room of a Russian subject, and that gives power or privilege, the end will

be the glory of His own mme and the Medical Mission, which had beel coming of His own kingdom. This is closed for some nine months and '1t true also in Arabia. first felt almost overwhelmed with th,~ magnitude of the task before him. So When the British Secretary of Statt' large was the attendance of out-pafor Foreign Affairs authorized the tients, that only a few of the more British ambassador at St. Petersbu:'g urgent cases could be dealt with, the to sign the Anglo-Russian Conven- remainder being referred to local tion, the political fate of the Persian doctors. He writes: Gulf was sealed. It is a cause of thanksgiving to know that this treaty Imagine a crowd of 200, more or less between two great world powers s) -Mohammedans, Jews and a sprinkling long jealous of each other in regard of Christians-each one of whom thinks to Persia and the Gulf was a victory that his case is more urgent than that for Protestant missions. Altho no of his neighbor, some of whom have direct reference was made to th~ Per- traveled a considerable distance, and who sian Gulf question, yet the special in- will therefore ill brook a refusal; to terests of Great Britain on the Arabian make a selection from such a crowd is, coast were acknowledged. Britain', I say, no enviable task. The majority predominance in the Persian Gulf of the cases selected are surgical, for means that the missions at Bagda(i it is with these that the local doctors, and in the Gulf will continue to enjoy not unnaturally, are least prepared to cope. the protection of civilized rnle, and :n Doctor Johnson refers to two urgent the near future it may mean for Oman needs in the Bagdad Medical Mission. and other regions equally important, One is the erection of a proper hosa practical protectorate, such a~ has pital in place of the native house used been a blessing to missions in Egypt at present, and the second is the and other parts of the llohammt':1an strengthening of the staff by two 1110re world. This announcement ca!1 not European doctors. but contribute to permanent peace in the Gulf and will facilitate, not only The medical work at Bahrein Hoscommerce, but the spread of the Gospel. pital of the Reformed Mission and at Dusrah is expanding more and more Whether the railroad to Mecca 'ill each year. Not only is the number of prove the opening of the door for col- patients increasing, but the influence porteurs, if not for missionarin, to of the medical work is being felt in the holy cities of Arabia is still a ques- a larger circle year after year, and, tion, but the railway will inevitably patients come from great distances to open these closed regions to contact our hospitals. The new mission house with the outer world. On Augl1st 31, at Bahrein is nearly completed, and the Times Cairo correspondent mad" prominent Mohammedans are sending a journey from Damascus over the their boys for instruction. road thus far completed and reports that the railway will reach lIedina Al! of this news proves that the within a year. w<?rk is moving forward in Arabia, and with reinforcements of workers Most interesting news comes from and persistent prayer for those who the Bagdad Mission of the Church are laboring in the Gospel this desert Missionary Society, North Arabia. Dr. region will yet be fruitful in results F. J ornson recently reopened the for God's kingdom,

OF THE TIMES

THE GOSPEL IN AFGHANISTAN sary trips. But within the last few VVe have long been waiting and months it looked as if they were about praying for the time when Afghanis- to find relief from the almost intolera- tan will be open to the 1)1eSsenger of ble conditions of their lot. The rent- the Gospel. The Palljab Mission News ing of the whole plain by the officials gives the interesting news that an of the Russian Bank promised them Indian Christian, a convert from Is- the protection of that Government, the lam, and well-known to Frontier advance of a Persian army against the Missionaries, recently took advantage wicked Easht Kurds gave the hope that of the Amir's visit to Kandahar, to the pnnishment of their old-time ene- cross the frontier, uninvited, and to mies was at hand.

preach Christ in Afghanistan. He was But these bright hupes have been arrested and brought before the Amir, suddenly crusht. The llnexpectedad- who, after some inquiries, sent him to advance of a Turkish army resulted Kabul, bidding him to be silent on the. in the utter route of the Persians, who subject of his faith. The Amir will left their allies, the Syrian Christians inquire further on his return, but of Tergamar, wholly at the mercy of meanwhile the British authorities have their old enemies, made many times the matter before them, and are using more vindictive by recent events.

their friendly offices on behalf of the The wretched Christians, seeing that bold itinerant preacher. Afghanistai1 the defense of their homes would only can not stand out much longer against involve them and their families in the truth and the messages of Goel. greater ruin, fled, leaving everything Pray for the open door and the ready they had in the world behind. Two ambassadors of Christ. thousand of them found their way AN APPEAL FROM PERSIA down to U rumia, absolutely destitute, all of them dependent upon charity The poor refugees in the vicinity of for food, and many of them for the Urumia have suffered terribly by clothing llecessary for decency's sake. the recent invasion of Persian territory by Turkish troops, accompanied Rev. Robert 11. Labaree, who reas they were by the wild and almost cently went out to Persia to take the savage Kurds of the mountains. place of his brother who was murder- ed, appeals to friends in America for These refugees are Syrian Chris- aid. All sums sent for relief of the tians, inhabitants of the villages of plundered poor of Tergamar will be. the plain of Tergamar. For a num- administered by the missionaries who ber of years they have been the object will be assisted by the local Syrian of the bitter hatred of the marauding Easht Kurds, who inhabit the upper relief committee.* parts of the same plain and the sur- FAMINE CONDITIONS IN INDIA rounding mountains. More than once have these poor people been plundered • by their inveterate enemies; many of their men, too, have been killed in at- Bishop Warne of the Methodist tJ.cks upon the villages, or else have Episcopal Church sends a cablegram been waylaid and shot in their neces- appealing for aid: "Famine prevails • Any money sent to the REVIEW or to Mr. Dwight I-I. Day, 1,6 Fifth Avenue, New York} will be for- warded.

throughout the field; publish appeal- 3. Regulating the rights and duties of urgent." Fuller reports say that in all neutrals on land. upper India this year climatic conditiom have been most abnormal, and 4. Regulating th( rights and duties of the rains, instead of lasting from 12 neutrals at sea.

.5. Covering the laying of submarine 111111es.

to 14 weeks, ended after only five 6. The bombardment of towns from weeks. The result is disastrous in the th e sea. extreme. The rice and otht':- wet weather crops have withered i'1 the 7. The matter of the collection of conextreme heat which has followed the tractual debts.

8. The transformation of merchantmen into war-ships.

cessation of the rainfall, and in large 9. The treatment of captured crews.

districts the entire crop is a failure. 10. The inviolability of fishing-boats. The poverty of the land is such that 11. The inviolability of the postal ser- vice. this brings immediate famine. Al- 12. The applicatiol] of the Geneva Conready prices ar.:; as high as they were vention and the Red Cross to sea warduring the height of the 1896 and the fare; and, 190:) famines, and great distress pre- 13. The laws and customs regulating vails. The territory thus affected con- land warfare. tains a population of fifty millions or more people, and at least one hundred Without essaying a forecast, we thousand of these are Christians con- venture to express a strong confidence nected with the Methodist· Church. that the world is slowly moving on These Christians are suffering hunger toward an era of arbitration. All and even before help can come from great and radical reforms, like these, America a very large number will be take time, and are like waves, which nearing starvation. The Executive advance and recede, but at each new Board of the :Iethodist Episcopal advance reach and touch a higher Church in Southern Asia, in its annual flood mark. It would perhaps be too meeting, considered the conditions so much to hope that so great a conserious that it most urgently appeals summation would be rapidly secured, for help.* or without repeated and discouraging setbacks. But the bare fact that so many nations convene by authorized PROGRESS OF PEACE representatives for four months and What was actually accomplished at for such a purpose is vastly signifithe second conference at the Hague, cant. should be put on permanent record. The "Thirteen Conventions," so called The American proposal as to future are as follows; how much they actually conferences included a provision tInt mean only time can tell: the next one shall be held not later than in 1914. Two other international 1. The peaceful regulation of inter- conferences of note, looking toward national conflicts. the abolition of war, were held durin"'"

2. Providing for an internaticl!al prize- September,-the sixteenth Intern;~ court. tional Peace Congress at Munich, Sep- … Money may be sent to the editor of the REVIKW, tember 9 to 14, and the International or to Rev. A. B. Leonard, D.D., 150 Fifth Avenue, Anarchist Congress at Amsterdam, New York. August 25 to September I.

WITHOUT

BY THE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF This is an inspired injunction.* Lib- for such approach to God; it is rather erally translated it means pray un- with Him a matter of the spirit's deep ceasingly, continually, or without in- and habitual yearnings, those profound termission-an emphatic, but appar- depths of our nature where reside and ently impracticable if not impossible abide the dominant desires of the heart command, since it is plain that to do and purposes and resolves of the will.

so is inconsistent with unavoidable in- Man's being is like an ocean with its terruptions, necessary intervals of rest great tidal movements when his whole and sleep, and other occupations and nature is swayed in response to great obligations. If what is meant is the attractive forces, and, in comparison act of oral supplication, it is irrecon- with these, occasional acts and utter- cilable with God's obvious plan of ances are like ripples on the surface human life. in contrast to a mighty tidal upheaval.

Many have been the attempts to ex- Desire and determination pertain to plain this injunction, some of which the inmost life and being. They exist, practically rob it of all real meaning. quite apart from any occasional and Ve are constrained to seek for an inter- formal expression in word or deed, pretation that is sensible, rational, and and constitute the permanent, perpet- harmonious with other spiritual habits ual, potential factors in life's activity. and duties, not only, but with employ- It is these which ~re the true motive, ments and activities which belong on or moving power, consciously or un- the lower plane, but are still an es- consciously wrought out in character sential part of life. The most natural and conduct.

interpretation of these words is that How often our Lord touched these which finds in them an exhortation to deeper springs of human action, and the cultivation of the prayerful frame. hinted the vital relation of desire and This solution is the more satisfactory, resolve to prayer, as when he asked inasmuch as there appear to be seven the blind man at Jericho, "What wilt such frames here enjoined: "Rejoice thou that I shall do unto thee?" or evermore"-the joyful frame; "Pray said to the woman of Canaan, "Be it without ceasing"-the prayerful unto thee, even as thou wilt." The or- frame; "In everything give thanks"- iginal here, and in many other cases, the grateful frame; "Quench not the makes "will" emphatic-"what wilIest spirit"-the watchful frame; "Despise thou," "even as thou willest," "if any not prophesyings"-the teachable man willeth to do His will," etc. God frame; "Prove all things"-the judi- asks each of us, "What wilIest thou?"

cial frame; "Abstain from every form "What is it that with all your heart you of evil"-the holy frame. will to have Me do?" This is the real There is, however, even a much prayer which He hears and heeds; and deeper meaning and lesson to be found this is the prayer that is exprest and here. Prayer, as God views it, is not embodied in action. There may be, primarily a matter of the lips, of times therefore, and is, a praying without and seasons, of occasions felt to be fit ceasing, in every human life, whether • I Thess. v. 17. the objects sought are of a higher or

lower order; for the dominant desire of God was sheltered only behind curis always and unceasingly yearning tains; and his habitual and intense for satisfaction, and the presiding pur- yearning that Jehovah should have a pose is without intermission willing suitable temple moved him, not only and decreeing what it is resolved to to gather vast stores of material and have or do. All life, therefore, is an money for that encl, but to give of his unceasing prayer, whether for selfish own proper good for the holy house a or unselfish ends, for lower or higher sum that seems incredible for his day, good, because all character and con- reckoned at from fifty to a hundred duct take practical shape from the and fifty millions of dollars! Does secret yearnings and determinings anyone cloubt that, before God, such which are the formative factors in all sumptuous giving was unmistakable our activities. praying for the erection of that house!

So interpreted, this inspired injunc- Paul no doubt prayed much. But tion-Pray without ceasing-is one of that consecrated life that endured the conspicuous instances of penetra- all things for Christ's sake, labors tive, divine insight into the secrets of and perils, self-denials and exall holy ·living, and furnishes to a true hausting journeys, in ceaseless endisciple a grand stimulus and encour- deavor to win souls ancl build up agement in service. We learn how saints, was his real prayer and it was God, the Hearer ot Prayer, measures thirty years long. and estimates praying-not by our speaking, but by our living, so that Modern missionary work supplies our whole character and conduct be- many an illustration of the same come vocal to his ears-one ceaseless principle. What is the petition, "Thy prayer. Kingdom come!" however hearty, in comparison with the daily Iife- The moment we see this truth, prayer that seeks to turn everything scores of examples and illustrations to account in its promotion! A humrecur to the mind from scripture. ble man and woman in Scotland, When Abram separated from Lot, Lot who had little else to give, consechoosing him the well-watered gar- crated three sons and a daughter to den-plain, regardless of its spiritual the mission field while yet in their snares, and Abram accepting cheerfully cradles, and reared them for God. a less attractive pasture ground-indif- Vas that no prayer? ferent to temporal surroundings if he might guard his harmony with God A merchant, of lew York City, and man, each of them unconsciously not long since departed for the unexprest the prayer that he found in his seen world, who had for fifty years heart, and in a far more significant studiecl to know and supply the way than by any words. Lot was wants of the world-field. His dilipraying, "Give me a goodlylancl to gence in business was mainly to live in!" Abram was praying, "Let make money for the Kingdom. When me live unto God t" he was satisfied that, here or there, a new chapel or station, college, David cherished in his heart such school, or medical mission, was imjealousy for Jehovah that he could not peratively needed, he gave money live in a house of ceclar while the ark freely to provide it; and at his death

PRAY WITHOUT CEASING

not less than one hundred different saw one long, unwearied offering of localities in the world-field had been prayers and supplications for the blest with new or better facilities needy. for the Lord's work, through his intelligent and careful benefactions. A modern author writes book af- Everyone of these gifts was in ter book on missions, and uses the God's eyes a prayer. proceeds of their sales to give them wider circulation, his sole object to set David Livingstone's forty years in before others the facts and needs of Africa were one unceasing interces- the world-field, and so stimulate consion for the exploration, evangeliza- secrated going and sending, giving tion and illumination of the Dark and living, to quicken disciples to Continent, passionate yearnings to advocate missions and pray for their heal the open sore of the world and success. Is that not praying? Can bring light to souls in darkness, not the pen as well as the tongue be breathing not only in supplication a suppliant before God? Are not but in action. His heart-beats were these books mighty intercessors? prayers. The golden pen of action, held in the firm hand of resolve, These thoughts have often suswrote- out the sentences of that life- tained those who for nearly a quarprayer in living deeds; months and ter-century have patiently wrought years of self-oblivion for Africa's on the pages of this humble mis- ~ake, were its paragraphs; and the sionary periodical. Such work is not dying prayer at that little grass hut lucrative and brings no temporal renear Bangweolo, was only its con- wards. The advocacy of high miscluding "Amen." sionary motives can not, in the na- ture of things, find warm response George Muller saw the prevailing save in the few. But to set before unbelief even of disciples, and deter- the great reading public the noble mined, with God's help, to build a principles of missions; t6 inform, invisible monument to a prayer-hearing struct, inspire even comparatively a and present God. The hours he spent few in the direction of a world's in actual supplication were many; but evangelization; to help multiply the as God reckons praying, every step living links between the destitution he took toward providing and con- of a thousand millions of souls and ducting those great orphan homes on the consecrated body of disciples Ashley Down; every day's ministry who are God's dependence for feed· to those thousands of children; every ing their soul-hunger; to strengthen act of self-sacrifice that the Lord's and hearten His servants in their work might not be hindered and pathetic toils and trials amid the hampered-all these were prayers, death shade-all this, however imconstituting together one ceaseless perfectly done, we offer to God as intercession for the advancement of onr prayer-a sincere and ceaseless. His Kingdom. In the seven and a petition, that, as in heaven, so on half millions of dollars, saved from earth, His name may be hallowed, self-indulgence, for the ends of un- His kingdom come, and His will be selfish service, the God he served done.

OPEN-AIR SHOPPING IN "THE JEWISH QUARTER. NEW

BEGINNING BUSINESS ON THE EAST SWE~ JEW ISH FIRMS ESTABLISHED ON BROADWAY. NEW YORK EVERY FLOOR OCCUPIED SY JEWS THE JEWISH ROAD TO WEALTH IN AMERICA THE AMERICAN JEW BY REV. LOUIS MEYER Assistant Editor of the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD America is predominantly a Chris- of Columbus, and when Santangel tian country and we must strive in assured her that the needed sevenevery way to bring the Gospel to ev- teen thousand florins were in the ery immigrant who comes to our treasury,* that she sent Columbus on shores, and to the vast multitudes his journey of discovery. Upon the which are already settled over the caravels which made that eventful wide country. The American Prot- first trip to America were a number estant churches have, to some ex- of 111aranos, prominent among them tent, become aware of their duty to- the physician and the surgeon. It ward the hosts coming from Italy, was a Jewish sailor, Rodrigo de Hungary, Bohemia, Poland and Triana, who from the lookout discountries of the Levant, and mis- covered the faint outlines of the sionary work among these Roman longed-for land, at the very moment and Greek Catholic masses has been when despair began to conquer the begun. But one element of this courage of the men. When the boat great nation, the large and inCl"eas- was lowered to take ashore men who ing Jewish population, has been for- were to seek the natives and to engotten almost entirely, in spite of ter into communication with their the fact that it has become a factor chiefs, Luis de Tares, the Jewish inof great importance in our national terpreter of Oriental languages, was life. One great reason for this neg- among its crew, and was sent ashore lect is lack of information concern- before the others. Thus the history ing the American Jew and his need of the American Jew begins with of the Gospel. These people should Columbus' discovery of America. not be overlooked. Luis de Tores settled and died in Cuba. The Arrival of the Jew in America Four Centuries in America The Jew set foot upon American soil before Columbus, whose jour- Jews, chiefly Spanish Jews from ney of discovery was macle possible Holland, were on the muster rolls of only through the generosity of a soldiers and sailors who were sent out JJ1arallo (secret Jew), Luis de Sant- from Holland to New Netherlands angel, the Treasurer of Aragon. eluring about the middle of the seven- Queen Isabella did not pawn her teenth century. On November 9th, jewels to secure the money for the 1654, Jacob Darsimson arrived in the intended trip of exploration. She ship Fear Tree in the harbor of New declined to aid the eager explorer in Amsterdam (now New York). Soon any way because there was no after he was followed by a party of money in the treasury. It was only twenty-three Spanish Jews, who arwhen Luis de Santangel and Ga- rived in the bark St. Catari11a and briel Sanchez, another !VIarano, urged were fleeing from Brazil, because of upon her the importance of the plans * She never knew what we know to-day, viz~ that Santangel forwarded this money.

Portuguese persecution. Peter Stuyve- only a few more than 2,000 Jewish sant, the sturdy governor, wanted souls in America at the outbreak of these Jews excluded, but the direct- the war, but ntany of them es- ors of the Dutch Vest India Com- poused the cause of liberty, and pany refused to accede to his re- more than one hundred Jewish offi- quest, and on April 26th, 1655, they cers and men served during the Rev- wrote to him as follows: olution. From 1861 to 1864 be- . After many consultations, we have de- tween 7,000 ancl 8,000 Jews saw sercided and resulved upon a certain pe- vice on both sides, among them nine tition made by said Purtuguese Jews, generals and eighteen colonels, tho that they shall have permission to sell and there were less than 200,000 Jews in trade in New Netherlands and to live the whole country. During our late and remain there, provided the poor conflict with Spain 4,000 Jews were among them shall not become a buraen enlisted in our army, while thouto the company, or the community, but sands more offered their services. be supported by their own nation. In the American regular army and Faithfully the Jews of the United navy a considerable i-Iumber of Jews States and Canada have adhered to have always been fonnd, while in the the conditions of this permit during legislative halls and in the institutes the many years which have passed of learning, in commerce and in lit- since it was· written. The Jews were erature, the American Jew, during not at first permitted to erect a syna- the nineteenth century, rendered to gog. They were excluded from em- the country of his adoption or his ployment in public service, and they nativity scrvices which have becn were not allowed to open retail largely in excess of his proportionate shops. Later these strict laws were share.

changed, and in 1664, when New The American Jew of To-da;y* Amsterdam was captured by the English and became New York, I. His Numbers and His Distribution more Spanish Jews began to arrive. They gradually made their way into The great immigration of Russian all of the original thirteen colonies, Jews commenced in the beginning and their number was augmented of the eighties and added a new eleby German Jews, who began to ar- ment to the few Spanish-Portuguese rive about the second quarter of the Jews and to the German-Jewish eleeighteenth century. At the out- ment which had been reinforced by break of the Revolutionary Var Polish-Dutch and Dutch-English they had reached positions of honor tributaries since 1820, and by Hunin commerce and-society in a num- garian, Bohemian, Moravian and ber of communities. During that Polish Jews after 1848. Thus for war the American Jew by his con- '" We use freely the following books and articles: duct splendidly contradicted-as he "The Russian Jew in the United States," edited by has always done-that cruel, false Charles S. Bernheimer, Ph.D.; "The Great Jewish statement of Renan, "The Jew will Invasion," by B. J. Hendrick, iniYfcCiure's, January. never be a patriot; he simply dwells 1907; H Israel Unbound," by James Creelman, in in the cities of others." There were Pearson's, February and March, 1907; U The Jewish Encyclopedia, ' and others, besides our own statis- tical figures.

AMERICAN

the past twenty-five years the Jew- area of less than one square mile live ish population in the United States more than 400,000 Jewish men, has rapidly increased.* The number women and children. That is equivof Jews in the United States is esti- alent to 625 of them to each acre, or, mated as high as 2,000,000, after all to make the congestion still plainer, a small number if compared with -the if the houses of the district were total of our population of 80,000,000. razed and all the men, women and But its importance lies in the man- children placed upon the level ner of its distribution. These 2,000,- ground, each one would have 48 000 Jews are not scattered over the inches square to live and move in. wide area of our country, but are Thus the old Jewish Ghetto of the chiefly settled in certain cities. Thus City of N ew York is the most Greater New York has to-day an es- densely populated part of the earth. timated population of 1,000,000, Chi- According to Paulding* there are cago of 180,000, Philadelphia of 100,- . twenty-eight public schools in that 000, Greater Boston of 80,000, St. district which, on October 1St, 19°3, Louis of 50,000, Greater Pittsburg contained 61,103 Jewish children of 45,000, Baltimore of 35,000, Cleve- (out of a total of 64,605). It is esland of 35,000, San Francisco of 33,- timated that in New York 185,000 000, Cincinnati of 30,000, Minneapo- Jewish children, in Chicago 40,000, lis and St. Paul of 28,000, and so on. and in Philadelphia 20,000 were en- In almost all these cities the Jewish rolled in the public schools at the bemasses live voluntarily in certain ginning of the school year, 1907. circumscribed quarters, cities within cities, pow·ers within powers.* The 2. Rapid increase in 1'{umbers congestion in these Jewish quarters is terrific, but in none is it greater This large Jewish population than in the largest and oldest J ew- which has come to our shores mostly ish quarter of Kew York. Upon an during the last twenty-five years, continues to increase rapidly. In • This Russian Jewish element was composed of 1899, 37,415 Jewish immigrants en- Lithuanian, Volhynian, Bessarabian and other con- tered; in 1903, 76,203; in 19°4, 106,- stituents, and of Galician, Polish and Rumanian 236; in 1905, 125,000; in 1906, 150,- tributary streams, but it defies analysis. 846 (in New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore alone); and in 1907 (the *Thus in New York the 1,000,000 Jews are set- year closes on July I) about 200,000. tled in four great Jewish quarters, tho Jews in Thus there has been a rapid increase larger of smalle"r numbers are found iu every part of the Jewish population, especially of the great city. The largest and oldest of these in New York, where 65 per cent. of quarters is bounded by the East River, Catharine all Jewish immigrants have settled. Street, the Bowery and Houston Street, and contains Attempts are now being made to in- 400,000 Jewish ;..-Jha bitants. The Uptown quarter is duce our Jewish newcomers to settle bounded by 86tL Street, Fifth Ayen ue, 120th Street in new fields and to scatter over the and the East Ri….er, and contains 200,000 Jews. The country, but we doubt the success of Williamsburg quarter contains J50,000 Jews, while the these attempts. Brownsville quarter is inhabited by 75,000 Jews. Chicago Jewry (according to Philil' Davis) is scat- * Quoted in Bernheim's book. tered all o'~er the svuth side as far as 63d Street, on the east and northeast side up to the I,ake, the northwest !:ide and the west side. According to estimates made by Christian workers, there are 011 the northwest side about 30,000 Jews, while there are at least 75,000 Russian and Polish Jews in a district bounded by Poll.. Street, 16th Street, the river and Ashlacd. Avenue.

3. Growing Influence and Power large proportion of these Jewish stu- dents in the higher schools of learn- The Jewish element has not only ing, on account of their hunger for increased in influence and power in knowledge, their ambition, and their proportion to its increasing num- persevering tenacity, graduate with bers, but the American Jew has highest honors and step into posireached a position of influence which tions of trust. Creelman states that is far beyond that which is propor- there are about 3,000 Jewish lawyers tionate to his numhers. To the stu- and nearly a thousand Jewish physident of the Jewish character there cians in New York. Among the lawis nothing strange in this achieve- yers is found the great Samuel Untment, for the two great characteris- ermeyer while five Hebrews are tics of the Jewish race throughout members of the New York Supreme the world, bnt especially in America, are ambitious perseverance and Court. * Judge Otto A. Rosalsky, of tenacity, and thus it comes that a greater percentage of Jews reaches the Court of General Sessions of positions of influence and power Kew York (Criminal), furnishes a than of any other race represented splendid example of the rapid rise of in our great commonwealth. This a Russian Jew, for he carried a basbecomes first apparent in the spheres ket as a butcher's boy only sevenof education and of learning. teen years ago. But the American Jew comes to prominence not only (I) In Science and Learning. Of in the City and the State of New the large numbers of Jews in the York, for in almost every state of public schools of our cities, a sur- the Union they are found ill posiprizingly large number graduate and tions of high honor and trust and enter into the high schools and col- show themselves worthy. leges, where they reach a high level of scholarship and carry off a large Many professorships in universinumber of the honors. The propor- ties and colleges are occupied by tion of Jewish students in almost all Jews, for we find in Johns Hopkins our higher institutions of learning is two, in Columbia three, in U niverlarge, and in N ew York the Jewish sity of New York one, in University students sometimes outnumber the of Pennsylvania two, in University Gentile. For instance, 75 per cent. of Visconsin one, in University of of the students in the College of the Chicago six, in Harvard one, in Uni- City of New York are Jews, while versity of California two, in Univermore than 75 per cent. of the stu- sity of :fissouri one, in University of dents in the Normal College of New Minnesota one, in University of York are Jewesses. In Columbia '!.lichigan one, while a still larger University the Jews formed nearly number are assistant professors or half of the university body of stu- instructors. But enough has been dents in February, 1907. In one written to prove that an extraordiclass forty-five out of le'ss than a nary large proportion of our Tewish hundred students were Jews.* A population has risen into pro~inence .,.. New York Sun, February 16th, 1907. in educational circles.

* Justices Levinhitt, Newberger, Erlanger, Creen- baum and Hirschberg.

AMERICAN

(2) Power in Commerce. In the "Not far from 1,000 apartments and business world the success of the tenements are built in New York Jew can scarcely be surpassed. In every year, involving an investment cities small and large he has settled, of about $60,000,000. This enormous has entered into commerce and in business is almost entirely in Jewish many places now rules the trade. In hands." Haskin has made the state- Philadelphia three out of five of the ment that the Jews own $9°0,000,- largest department stores are under 000 worth of property in New York Jewish control, in Chicago all but alone, and that the Jewish wholeiYvo. llut in New York the tremen- sale houses do a yearly business of dous power of the American Jew in more than a billion. There are now commerce becomes the most appar- at least one hundred and fifteen Jewent. Along hoth sides of Broadway ish millionaires in America, a numfor a mile and a half, in the down- ber slightly above the ratio of poputown business district, Jewish names lation. In the section of New York pl'eclominate . upon the signs, and from 60th to 90th Street, and from Veston, in "The Present Condition Lexington to Park Avenue, there are of the Jew, 1904," states that "in dry- said to be at least five hundred Rusgoods there are 514 Jewish firms sian and Polish Jews whose fortunes rating $58,000,000; in clothing 264 range anywhere from $roo,ooo to firms with a rating of $34,000,000; $1,000,000. while the rating of 2,or8 general firms is $207,388,000. Fifth Avenue, In the shopping district of Sixth the former aristocratic thorough- Avenue, New York, all the larger defare, has become a thoroughly Jew- partment stores belong to Jewish ish business street from 14th to 23d capitalists, while the American the- Street. Hendrick states that in the ater can be called "controlled" b,' last five years not far from $15,000,- such Jewish men as Klaw and Er- 000 has been invested in new Fifth langer, Belasco and Frohmann. ivenue buildings to provide accommodations for hundreds of Jewish Many distilleries of America are clothing manufacturers, who, a few in the hands of Jewish owners, and years ago, started in the dingy J ew- Veston states that $50,000,000 of ish quarter on the east side. The Jewish capital is employed in the Jew controls the clothing trade ab- New York jewelry trade, and also solutely in N ew York, and employs that with this money full thirty- 175,000 men, who annually turn out three per cent. of all the business more than one-half of all the wear- done is ,transacted. Thus, in coming apparel in the United States-a merce and finance, the American product valued at $300,000,000. Jew holds a commanding position.

In New York there are thirty-five (3) In the Public Press. Eighty- Jewish banking houses, while in the two Jewish periodicals were pubstock exchange a host of Jewish men lished in the United States in 19°4, stand high. In the real estate field the and a number of Yiddish daily pa- Jew has outdistanced all his compet- pers are printed in the larger cities. itors, as Hendrick has well shown. Five of the daily newspapers flre published in New York, and the combined circulation of all the Yid-

dish newspapers is estimated at ploy of the Government. Samuel 350,000 copies. Compers, the labor leader, is also a Many of the great dailies of our Jew.

country are owned by Jews. Adolph In our larger cities the Jewish pop- Ochs, a few years ago a poor boy in ulations have become great factors in Chattanooga, owns the Philadelphia politics, and they are conscious of their Public Ledger, the New York Times, power. There are, however, no Jewish and the Chattanooga Times. The leaders who could deliver the Jewish Hungarian, Joseph Pulitzer, owns the bal10t undcr certain conditions, for the New York World and the St. Louis Jew is singularly independent. But Post-Dispatch. The New York Press the racial instinct is so great, the same is owned by Henry Einstein, the Balti- feeling dominates the Jewish hearts so more News by Franklin, the Omaha much, that only in rare cases the J ew- Bee by the heirs of Rosewater, the ish vote is divided. These cases where San Francisco Chronicle by De Young, it has become divided have served only and so forth. The daily prcss of our to reveal its trel11end~us influence.

country in a remarkable degree de- New York politicians have confirmed pends upon Jewish editors and re- our opinion that Hearst's defeat in the porters, who are brilliant and pa- election of November 6th, 1906, came triotic writers of great versatility, but to pass largely because the Jewish vote of whom naturally no Christian sen- was divided, a large number of the timent can be expected in their wri- common people following the leader- tings. ship of the Yiddish press and support- (4) In American Politics. The ing that party to which the President American Jew has had a brilliant belongs, who had shown such tender record in politics in the United consicleration of their race by an- States. Six Jews have been in the nouncing that he would make Mr.

United States Senate since the Gov- Straus a member of his Cabinet on ernmen t was founded, viz: Yulee January 1st, 1907.

from Florida, Benjamin from Louis- (5) In Benevolent Work. No other iana, Jonas from Louisiana, Simon single race spends as much money for froIp Oregon, Rayner from Mary- the poor in proportion to their number land and Guggenheim from Colorado. as the Jewish. In New York alone The last two are serving now. In the the total assessed value of Jewish 57th Congress of the United States asylums, hospitals, educational institu- were five Jewish members, viz: Gold- tions and religious buildings is more fogle, Kahn, Knopf, Littauer and than $ro,ooo,ooo. The United Hebrew Meyer, while in many of the state charities in almost all our larger cities legislatures are Jews. Oscar S. Straus are model institutions and Jewish set- is now Secretary of Commerce and tlcment work is well organized. Kin- Labor and is the first Jew in the United dergartens and sewing-classes are States to hold a Cabinet portfolio, established everywhere, and aids to while William Loeb, secretary to the self-improvement are liberally pro-'

President, exerts probably as much . vided for the poor. The American power as a member of the Cabinet. Jew is a liberal give!', not so much, we More than 2,000 Jews ar" in the em- believe, because he is more benevolent

THE AMERICAN JEW

than others by nature, but because tions of the highest moment for him.

charity is intimately connected with Orthodox Judaism, as well as Reform his religion. Judaism, undoubtedly teaches s'alva- 4. American Judaism tion by good works, for the adherents of both are taught that fasting, prayer It is impossible to give a complete and alms take the place of sacrifices.

description and definition of American While thus the older Jewish ele- Judaism in a brief space. To the ment in America still adheres, to some Christian, American Jewry presents a extent, to the tenets of Orthodox or wonderful fulfilment of Hosea iii. 4, 5. Reform Judaism, a pitiful state of af- The landless and the kingless nation fairs predominates among the younger abides without a knowledge of the element in the larger cities. There is, Prince of Peace, without repentance, according to Bernheimer, a very ap- without conviction and forgiveness of preciable number of fairly well edu- sin, and in spiritual blindness. cated young people who have left the American Reform Judaism is a mix- Jewish religion of thei'r Orthodox ture of Unitarianism and intellectual parents. To them, and also to the nu- Rationalism, which elevates philosophy merous more ignorant and cynical ele- above religion. It clings, at least out- ment of the Jewish population, the wardly, to the great Jewish Holy Sea- Jewish faith, with its ceremonies and, sons, to the name Jew, and in the ma- restrictions, is ridiculous and con- jority of its followers to circumcision. temptible, "Pleasure, and not duty, Its adherents expect the coming of the being their watchword, all that ham- Messianic age (not of a Messiah), pers freedom or self-indulgence, is a when justice will reign supreme and kill-joy to be avoided. Therefor-e, the love will bind man to man. In many dance hall, the vaudeville theater, the of its prayer-books all sacrificial pray- card game, the prize fight are places ers are omitted, and laws and statutes of freql.!ent resort. The synagog, the are set down according to the present lecture hall, the concert room, the de- time. bating club, are not visited to any ex- American Orthodox Judaism has its tent by this particular portion of adherents mainly among those who Young Israel." Thus the religious not long ago came to our shores from state of large masses of young Amer- the densely populated Jewish districts ican Jews is pitiful.

of Eastern Europe where Talmudism 5. The Dark Side of the Picture still has a strong hold upon the people.

Tenaciously it clings to the letter of A decline of a religion which con- the Law, and the Old Testament is tains as much truth as Orthodox J uda- crowded out by the Talmud. It wastes ism, must be accompanied by moral its strength, as has been well said, in decay, and thus, while a proportion- laborious triflings and unprofitable ately large number of American Jews acuteness, for which the Talmud alone has risen during the last decade, vice is responsible. The six hundred and and crime have entered among them thirteen precepts, contained in the Tal- where hitherto they were little known.

mud, control and govern the life of the At the thirty-third annual meeting of Orthodox Jew and decide even ques- the Young Men's Hebrew Association,

held at 92d Street and Lexington Ave- .and he pleads for "a leader possessing nue, New York, on January 24th, eloquence and personal magnetism and 1907, Judge Otto A. Rosalsky stated the power of teaching by example the that he had observed that crime was value of a religious life as interpreted largely increasing among the young by the teachings of Judaism in its folks of his race. "I am sending more mocIern form." Vhile we agree with and more young rascals to jail," he the reasons assigned in Doctor Bern- said. And thus he uncovered the piti- heimer's work, we disagree with him ful state of the younger Jewish people. concerning the remedy. J uclaism can Bernheimer states: "Thirty years ago not lift these fallen ones up, neither the conviction of a Jew for a felony Orthodox nor Reform J udais111. A was almost unheard of in the city of rigid preaching of and adherence to New York. To-day there is not one the Ten COlllmandments can lift men penal institution within the area of to a very high pinnacle of morality, Greater New York which does not but it can not save them. "vVhosoever harbor some offenders of the Jewish shall keep the whole law, and yet of- people." "Eight per cent. of the pris- fend in one point, he is guilty of all."

oners at Blackwell's Island Peniten- By faith in Christ only, are men, tiary are Jews. At the workhouse at whether Jews or Gentiles, saved.

Blackwell's Island less than 2 per cent. But we must touch a stillmore pain- of the 2,000 inmates are Jews." "In ful subject, viz: the tremendous in- the House of Refuge on Randall's crease of prostitution among the J ew- Island, there were two hundred and ish girls in our larger cities. vVe will sixty Jewish boys amI girls in Novem- not detain our readers with a discus- ber, 1904. In the Juvenile Asylum sion of the reasons for this degrada- there are two hundred and sixty-two tion, except that we call their attention Jewish children under sixteen years." to a remarkable statcmcnt macle by Vhat is true of the criminal institu- Turner/' in which he names as one of tions of New York is true of most of the four interests concernecl in the ex- the criminal institutions throughout ploitation of prostitution in Chicago our land. Compared with the ratio of "the men-largely Russian Jews- Jewish population in the different who deal in women for the tracIe." He parts of the United States, it still re- also says: "The largest regular busi- mains an uncontrovertible fact that the ness in furnishing women, however, is ratio of Jewish criminals is consider- done by a company of men, largely ably lower than that of the general composed of Russian Jews, vho sup- population, but the cause for alarm ply women of that nationality to the lies in the fact tbat the Jewish popula- tracIe. These men have a sort of tion of our country, to whom legal loosely organized association extend- misdemeanors were in the past almost ing through the large cities of the unknown, is beginning to fall into country, their chief centers being New moral decay. York, Boston, Chicago and New Or- Bernheimer thinks that the crowded leans. In Chicago they now furnish life of the streets, the absence of the great majority of the prostitntes in proper home training, and the loss of Of< See article, "The City of Chicago, l • inMcClu1'e's religion, are the reasons for this decay, April,1907.

AMERICAN

the cheaper district of the west side the public schools by distributing levee, their women having driven out broadcast their pamphlet, "Why the the English-speaking women in the Dible Should not be Read in the last ten years." Public Schools." They are determined in their efforts to have all Christmas We hesitate to accept the statement celebrations or entertainments relative of some slum-workers that prostitu- to the day prohibited in the public tion increases among the American schools. Jewish members of the Cal- J ewesses at a higher rate than among ifornia Legislature have succeeded in the women of any other nationality in barring the name of Christ frol11 the our country, but we, and every close prayers of the chaplain,* while the two observer of the life in the crowdell Jewish members of the Colorado Jewish tenement districts of our larger Legislature failed in a similar atcities, must acknowledge the existence of a large number of Jewish prostitutes tempt. t Thus by their acts the Amerin the United States. Reader, nothing but the Gospel of Jesus Christ can lift ican Jewish leaders contradict their them up from a life of shame and save oft-repeated saying, with which they them. oppose Christian missions to the Jews, "Leave us alone, for we are leaving 6. The American Jew and Christianity you alone." "iVell, we have left them very much alone, for we have only (I) Attitude of the Leaders. We played at Jewish missions. But have must carefully discern between the at- they left us alone? titude of the leaders and the attitude of the common people toward Christ and (2) The Common People. While Christianity. some Jews, especially those who have come from lands like Russia and Ru- The attitude of the leaders in gen- mania only lately, are still filled with eral is one of some peculiarity. They tremendous prejudices against Christ praise Jesus, are proud of his Jewish and Christianity, it can be well said birth, and speak of the doctrines con- that, in general, the attitude of the tained in his speeches and parables as large Jewish masses in the United ideal, but they deny his divinity and States is an attitude of inquiry. They thus make him an impostor. have tried Judaism, and were not satisfied in the bondage of Talmudism, Christianity to most of them is noth- nor did they find satisfaction o~ heart ing but a system of doctrines devel- in the rationalistic teachings of the oped by Paul, and they reject its reform rabbis. They have tried socialtenets. They are bitterly opposed to ism and philosophy, but in their hearts the preaching of the Go.spel to the there remains. an unsatisfied longing Jews, reiterating continually that we for something better. Thus they live in a free country and that Chris- eagerly accept and read suitable Chris~ tians have no right to disturb their tian literature and Old and New Testapeace by the establishment of missions ments in their language. among them. The Jewish leaders deny the fundamental truth that ours The prejudices of the masses against is a Christian country and that our in- Christian missions to the J ews have stitutions are Christian. They therefore oppose the reading of the Bible in • New York rVorld, January I8, I907. t New York World, February 19, 1907.

greatly decreased during the past ten with suspicion by the great mass of years. All Jewish missions in the Gentile Christians, until he has proved United States-alas, there are but few himself. Thus, only the grace of God of them-report crowded meetings for can cause a Jew to face the difficulties men and serious attention to the and profess Jesus Christ before the preaching of the Gospel. The women's world. There may be some who are and the children's classes are also well moved by unworthy motives, but they attended. In short, it is the old story soon turn back and their names are of the time of Christ, "The common found upon the rolls of Christian people heard him gladly." churches a short time only. The present ecclesiastical statistics disprove Mr. Naturally this attitude of inquiry Straus' statement, for eighty-nine Heleads to more frequent conversions brew Christians, men who were conand baptisms among the American verted when of age, are to-day or- Jews. In regard to these conversions dained ministers of Protestant de- nominations in America, while four- Oscar S. Straus * made recently the teen Hebrew Christians serve the Master in the foreign field as missionfollowing statement: "The very few aries employed by American missionjews who change their religion do so ary boards. "By their fruits ye shall from unworthy motives." Mr. Straus know them." thereby gave expression to a statement contradicted by figures and by facts. In Conclusion Some years ago * we showed that We have tried to present the Amer- 'ican Jew with his virtues and with his 5,208 Jews were baptized in the United faults. He is a man and sinner, even States and Canada between 1870 and as others, but he has not received 1900, while from 1895 to 1901 the Christ and His Gospel and, therefore, number of Jewish baptisms in the is without eternal life. Think of his same countries was 1,072. As far as virtues and his power: what a desirascertainable, 323 Jews were baptized able member he would make of the in 19o5, and 376 in 1906 in America. Church of Christ! Think of his faults These figures are by no means small, and of his degradation, and remember tho they must be incomplete in a coun- that only Christ can overcome them. try where baptisms are not officially Think of the multitudes of Jews recorded. coming to America, to be added to those masses already here, anel re- In regard to the unworthy motives, member that unto you and me the we scarcely need to contradict such Lord has given the wonderful privilege slander. The American Jew can not and the great commission to preach gain any temporal advantage by join- the Gospel to every creature. That ing the Christian Church, for baptism command includes the Jew. Rememdoes not enhance social condition in ber that the Gospel of Christ "is the this free country. The Hebrew Chris- power of God unto salvation to every tian in America gains to some extent one that believeth; to the Jew first, the ill will of his Jewish kindred and and also to the Greek." in some cases their bitter persecutions. He is met with sneers and insinuations by the Jewish leaders, and he is met * In an iuterview published in theCincillnati Times- Star, October 26, 1906.

* MISSIONARY REV[EW, December, 1902.

OF THE LONDON JEWS' SOCIETY MISSION HOSPITAL

THE MEDICAL MISSION HOSPITALS OF PALESTINE BY DR. E. W. G. MA STERMAN, JERUSALEM The Holy Land is, for its small claimed in their own language. When area, remarkably well supplied with one considers the restrictions put upon medical missions, the maj ority of all other methods-evangelistic or edwhich have well-built modern hos- ucational-it is marvelous to think pitals. The reason for the develop- that through this agency free and ment of this particular aspect of mis- straightforward religion addresses as sion work lies in the peculiar diffi- well as countless private conversations culties which beset the preaching of are regularly going on through the the Gospel in this once so highly fa- length and breadth of the land. Those vored, but now so unfortunate, land. who, like myself, have worked for In India, China, Africa and many some years in Palestine, are all agreed other lands there are many ways of that the effect of all thi s-tho diffused reaching the people, the most direct of -is immense. There is a far greater which is the proclamation of the apprehension than ever before since, Gospel in the public marts. in the perhaps, early Christian days, of the crowded inns and beneath the wayside practical and spiritual character of tree. In Palestine, or land peculiarly Christianity as contrasted with mere under the curse of the Turkish domi- form and ritual; there is a much nation, all public preaching of the clearer understanding of the real mo- Gospel is forbidden; even attendance tives of missionary effort, of its nonat an ordinary mission hall is, in the political and unworldly objects. The larger centers, at any rate, all too often name of Jesus is now known through rendered impossible. Tho such meth- the whole land as that in which deeds ods are closed, yet in the medical mis- of mercy and healing are performed. sions throughout the land, both in the It is the Masseahin-the followers of out-patient waiting-rooms and in the el Jvfessiah-to whom Moslems and hospital wards, there is the most di- J ews have to look in every place for rect, the most open and the most frec help in their physical ills. Medicine proclamation of the Love of Christ, and healing are given "in His name," both to Moslem and Jew. A rough and many an anxious Moslem parent estima~:;: l~ads me to calculate that not begs the doctor to heal her child "Minless t!lan 2,500 Moslems and J ews shan Yashur el M assehh" or "Mittevery week thus hear the Gospel pro- shan Saidl1a issa" ("For the sake of

Jesus Christ" or "[<'or the sake of our raises the total accommodation well Lord Jesus"). over five hundred. At the very least Not a few baptisms have occurred 6,000 patients pass through these inin the land as a direct result of 1nedi- stitutions annually, the vast m~jority cal mission work, but the wide scat- of whom are Moslems and Jews. On tering of the good seed will surely these people in particular Christian in- some day bring about a full and abun- fluences, both by deed and word, -lwve dant harvest compared with which the come to bear; each of these will have pres~nt results are insignificant. Vhen a tale to tell in his home, his village considering results it must be remem- or his tent regarding the tender care bered how recent is the wide estab- of the followers of Sard~za Issa or lishment of medical missions in this Yasua cl M asseal, and many will have land. It is true that in Jerusalem the memories of His gracious Word as medical mission hospital was founded read to them during the long, weary in 1842, but for very many years the hours in the sick-bed. It must not be work here was on philanthropic rather forgotten, too, how great is the influ- than evangelistic lines, and little di- ence of the modern, up-to-date hospital rect mission work was done in the as a civilizing and humanizing agency.

wards. During the past twenty years The whole style of building is new; there has been a great change in this many fittings-beds, walls, lavatories, respect, and now this hospital and the operating room, cooking stoves, etc.

various dispensaries connected with it -all introduce the people to a hun- are centers of regular Christian in- dred new ideas. In all the hospitals, struction. With the exception of the staffs of native assistants are kept- Jaffa Hospital, all the specially built Moslems, Jews and native tninisters- hospitals have been opened for work as cooks, servants, ward assistants, in the last decade. During this time dispensary assistants, doorkeepers and hospitals have been built on European gardeners, not to mention the trained lines at Tiberias, Jerusalem, Damas- native doctors and dispensers; and all cus, Nabliis, Safed, Haifa and Gaza, these must, by their prolonged con- while such hospitals are planned for tact with the mission agents, imbibe, at Helron and Nazareth. The mission perhaps quite unconsciously, some- hospital accommodation during these thing of their teaching. The hospi- last ten years must have increased at tals afford grand opportunities for the least fourfold. In the British medical gifted native evangelist whose light mission hospitals of Palestine-exclu- (as far as the public teaching goes) ding Syria-there is hospital accom- would otherwise, for political reasons, modations for about four hundred be always "under a bushel" as re- beds and cots, of which the greater gards his non-Christian neighbors.

number are in constant use. Such an While the past decade has been institution as the Kaiserswerth (Ger- largely occupied in establishing and man) Hospital (seventy beds), and organizing the work, the next ten the beneficent Moravian Hospital for years must see a great output of evan- Lepers (fifty beds), both at Jerusa- gelistic activity. The medical mis- lem, are truly medical mission institu- sionaries have, in many cases, been tions, and the inclusion of these beds largely engaged in learning the Ian·

THE MEDICAL MISSIO N HOSPITALS OF PALESTI

guages, collecting money for their hos- ered corridor, being ar ranged in a pitals, superintending buildi ng opera- semicircle. At the eastern end is the tions, selecting suitable helpers, or- out-patient department, recently conganizing their staffs ami establishing siderably enlarged; at the western end their methods. 1'ow the time comes is the medical mission superintendfor a great "forward" advance. U n- ent's house. In the center of the curve less some unforeseen outburst of stands a handsome three-storied buildiVIoslem fanaticism or Jewish bigotry ing d'2voted to tll'2 nursery home, the should take the place of the compara- kitchens , operating room, etc. The • It. SCENE IN THE OPERATING ROOM I N THE SA FED H OSPITAL ti ve friendliness and liberty of the fo ur wards are arranged between present, therc IllU5t be in the near thesc buildings, t wo on the cast, for .coming years a vast diffusion of evan- womell, and two on the west, for men. gelical teaching through the length The institution as a whole is one of and breadth of Palestine. th e best built mission hospitals in the world. The staff consists of V octor T he Jerusalem English J.Vfission Vh eeler, physician and superintend- Hospital (founded r842), under th e ent; Doctor Masterman , surgeon; five Society for Promoting Christianity English full y-trained nurses; a Ger- Among th e J ews, is exclusively for man housekeeper, and three dispen- J ews. The present buildings, opened sers, besides many subordinate assist~ in 1897, are in the new suburbs, nearly ants, The hospital being exclusively a mile from the city walls. Thcy are J ewish, J(osher food is provided, and constructed on the pavilion system, all reasonable Jewish customs are althe separate parts, connected by a cov-

lowed, so that the strictest Talmudic hospital is visibly exercising a mighty Jew of Jerusalem-that city of J ew- influence over the whole district. Even ish bigotry-can stay there without the casual traveler will notice a searing his conscience. Tho this is marked improvement in his own treatthe case, opportunities are not neg- ment as he revisits the place. lected while the patients are in the hospital of influencing them toward A few weeks ago I was present at Christianity. About a thousand pa- the Sunday afternoon service for the tients per annum pass through the in-patients in the out-patient room. A wat"ds. In connection with this med- curtain divided the room longitudinalical mission. there are dispensaries for ly: on one side sat the women, on the out-patients at the hospital in the city other the men-only the preacher (within the old walls) and in the vil- could see them all. It was a large aulage of Siloam. Besides the "clinics," dience all, with I believe a single exgreat numbers of poor Jews are vis- ception, made up of Moslems. After ited in their homes. prayer and praise, Doctor Wright, the medical missionary, addrest them very Next, of the medical mission hos- clearly and directly on the words, pitals in point of time, is that built at "Why seek ye the living among the Jaffa in r882 by Miss Mongan. This dead? He is not here but is risen." handsome institution is now super- (Luke xxiv. 5-6.) Very pointedly vised and largely supported by Miss and openly he showed that it is not Newton. There about fifty beds un- dead prophets, but a living Savior we der the medical superintendence of all need. It is dead prophets, dead Doctor Keith. An energetic evangel- saints, dead laws to which the Mosistic work is carried on both in the lems now look, but their need is a wards and in the out-patient depart- living, life-giving Christ. ment. Miss Newton also has English and native helpers who visit in the On another occasion I arrived in outlying villages. Nablus to find all the in-patients gath- ered in a large ward to enjoy a Christ- Of the Church Missionary Society's mas tree. A lofty tree, ablaze with medical missions the most important lighted cail~les and loaded with little hospital is that at N ablus, ancient presents for everybody, stood at one Shechem, which, since its first open- end of the room, and while all the ing, in the new buildings, some eight hearts of these simple peasant folk years ago, has been considerably ex- were warmed by the Christmas good tended so as to accommodate over cheer the native pastor in a few well sixty patients. Nablus is geographical- chosen words explained to them the ly the center of Palestine and the beautiful history of the Babe of Bethvery heart of the Moslem population. lehem who was born to bring "Peace The establishment of the C. M. S. in on earth and good will toward men." this place was attended with much op- These scenes are but typical of the position, and for years the mission methods everywhere, but they are workers resided here, as it were, on specially impressive when one recalls sufferance. They were subject to all that they are part of the regular evankinds of slights and even open insults; gelistic activity in ward services, outall this is now fast changing. – The patient addresses and individual talks

MEDICAL MISSION HOSPITALS OF PALESTINE 90S

-in a city where but twenty-five years vents, schools, hotels springing up on ago it was scarcely possible for a Eu- all sides. There have been bitter disropean missionary to live. appointments, as, for example, when his house, the rising walls of a hos- At Gaza, another fanatic center of pital and all the property purchased Mohammedanism and, one may add, f9r the mission were unjustly wrested a hotbed of immorality, a similar gra- from him by the Turks and he was cious work is going forward. The obliged, when his hopes of enlarged Rev. Canon Sterling, M.B., has here work stood highest, to be content to for years carried On a combined cam- continue the arduous dispensary work paign of healing and preaching. He with a hired native house as temporary is a good linguist and is able better hospital and itinerating without the than most to make himself understood satisfaction and increased influence afwhen discussing religion with his pa- forded by a properly equipped Engtients. For long this work has been lish-built hospital. His life and labor, accommodated in a badly built, native- and that of his sainted wife, called to built hospital, a building which has her rest in December, 1906, were, been repeatedly condemned as danger- however, not in vain. Their influence ous; now a new hospital, erected on in the place has been enormous, and the latest scientific lines, is fast near- to-day a young doctor, Doctor Scriming completion and is to be opened this geour, is about to erect the much-deautumn (1907). Canon Sterling is layed but now secured hospital. Meandesirous of devoting himself more and while, the doctors have to be content more exclusively to evangelistic work, with premises in which, however, is a and Doctor Brigstocke, who has had charming little hospital where fine several years' experience in medical work is being done. mission work at Damascus and Baghdad, is about to take over the superin- At Haifa, just below Carmel, the tendence of the more strictly profes- English bishop in Jerusalem has a sional work. small medical mission hospital excel- lently equipped under the superin- The C. M. S. also has medical mis- tendence of Doctor Coles. sions at es Salt, east of the Jordan, at Acre and at Kerak in Moab-the an- The ''Gnited Free Church of Scotcient Kir of Moab. In the first two of land" have medical missions at the imthese there are small hospitals in na- portant and historic cities of Hebron tive houses. and Tiberias. The former mission, under Doctor Paterson, is as yet un- The Edinburgh Medical Missionary provided with a specially built hos- Society, which has a splendid medical pital, tho a considerable sum of money mission hospital with two doctors at is in hand for the purpose. At present Damascus in Syria, has also in N az- a small temporary hospital is carried areth a long-established medical mis- On in hired premises while the local sion. Here for upward of half a cent- fanatical opposition in this, the most ury the veteran, Doctor Vartan, has conservative and backward city in labored. During that time he has seen Palestine, is being slowly but surely the place grow from a mere village worn down. In time public opinion, into a considerable town with hand- educated by countless acts of Christian some modern buildings, churches, con-

THl':. DOCTOR'S CQNSUL1' ING RODM IN THE SA-FED HOSPITA.L, GALILEE love and mercy, must become so strong front the lake stretches away to north that those who would if they could and south. To the right snowy Herkeep any Christian from even dwelling mon towers above the long stretch of in their midst, must at last change the northern shore where, more than their policy and welcome what they anywhere in Palestine, was carried on now hinder. The land of this Sacred that first and greatest ministry of City is under such peculiar legal re- healing and preaching. To the left strictions that until the Moslem sheikhs lies picturesque Tiberias, a mere remallow it, it will be impossible for a nant of the great city which once stood secure site to be obtained for a hos- there, a little town of poverty and dirt pital. The day when even these men and sickness. It is a sacred city of will welcome the benefits of a Chris- Jews and therefore a nest of orthodox tian hospital in their midst is not, how- bigotry. Here in the terrible cholera ever, now far off. epidemic of 1902 when, in spite of heroic efforts on the part of the doctor At Tiberias, Doctor Torrance has who lost his own wife in the epidemic, been working since 1854, and he has the population was decimated. Altho now the satisfaction of seeing the the mission is intended primarily for medical mission accommodated in a Jews, the medical mission has always well-built and commodious hospital been open to other classes of the poppicturesquely situated by the l<,ike side. ulation, and great numbers from all The view from its balcony is unique over Galilee and from the J aulon and in its beauty and sacred interest. In

MEDICAL MISSION HOSPITALS OF PALESTINE

Hauran, east of the Jordan, have re- Safed, the "London Society for Proceived healing. The influence of moting Christianity Among the Jews" Doctor Torrance is great all over the had much difficulty a quarter of a land: his fame as a surgeon I have century ago in making a permanent encountered in all parts of Northern footing, but to-day they have a posi- Palestine. Here, too, the name of tion in the hearts of all classes of the Jesus is prominent!y held up to all and people both secure and warm. The from the Tiberian hospital His gra- medical mission opened the door, but cious message is daily carried to many it was not till in I 904, when Doctor a spot once trodden by IEs sacred feet, Anderson's handsome new hospital but now downtrodden by the dominion was opened, that the influence became of the false prophet. manifestly felt. To-day this hospital with its forty beds and cots exercises Some twelve miles due north of a wide influence- healing, civilizing Tiberias, but high in the mountains of and evangelizing. Tho primarily for Galilee, 3,400 feet above the lake, is Jews, it always numbers among its inthe much larger town of Safed. It patients a proportion of Moslems, and has about 25,000 inhabitants, equally the first baptism in the wards was a eli vided between lVIoslems and Jews. Moslem convert. As at Tiberias, the It is indeed one of the largest local patients attending come from the very centers of the latter' people, being one area where our Master Himself lived of their four sacred cities. It is the and labored. Scarcely a dispensary center of the modern Jewish agricul- day passes without the doctor seeing tural colonies of Galilee. Here, at THE MEN'S WARD IN THE MISSION , HOSPITAL, SAPED, PALESTINE

patients from the sites of Bethsaida, Temple, after fruitlessly and gallantly Capernaum or Chorazin, from Gen- defending their castle against the cruel nesareth or from those other "Villages Mameluk-Sultan Bibars, were at last of Galilee" where "He taught in their captured and without exception massynagogs." The ruins of the ancient sacred in cold blood. The ruins of synagogs of the Jews-of a period at these mighty walls to-day bear witleast not long after our Lord-are still ness to the failure of that mistaken to be found in spots all around Safed. Christianity which trusted to the arm From the heights of Safed there is an of flesh to win the kingdom of the outlook over most of Korthern Pales- "Prince of Peace." To-day we have tine. The Crusaders chose this lofty returned to the methods of this Divine outlook, secluded as it is by many a Master "who went about doing good, defensive valley, as one of their chief and healing all those opprest of the strongholds. Here the Knights of the devil" and "preaching the Gospel."

CRITICISM OF MISSIONS INVESTIGATED BY WILLIAM T. ELLIS, ESQ.* Editorial Staff of the PhzladelPhia Press The missionary enterprise is enter- This elevation of the missionary ing upon a new phase. There are many propaganda to a higher plane creates evidences that Protestant churches new duties as well as new condiare coming to entertain seriously tions. Readjustments and rearrangetheir missionary responsibility, and ments of many kinds are inevitable, to undertake to prosecute the work both in the home administration and of foreign missions with some degree in the field equipment. One imof adequateness. Signs of a great portant factor in the situation, which advance movement are general. It can not be ignored or dismissed with is not only the faith-filled vision of scorn, is the wide-spread criticism of zealous enthusiasts, but also the foreign missions. Before we can adsober conviction of conservative vance to a military-like world conmen and women, that the non-Chris- quest, we must clear the ground of tian world may yet be evangelized the harassing criticisms which now within this generation. Were this more greatly impede missionary the place to attempt an interpreta- progress than the Church at home tion of providences on the mission realizes. field and in the home church, it could be shown that there is a The present generation of Chrisstrange concatenation of circum- tians have a passion for facing the stances imperatively summoning facts. They are now the less de- Christendom to a fresh missionary voted to high ideals than previous enterprise. ages, but they will not shut their eyes to actual conditions. One im- * Mr. Ellis has recently completed a tour of the world to investigate missionary work for a syndicate of newspapers. He sought to look at the work impartially, and to speak candidly of failings and virtues of the work. He found much to criticize, but more to commend, and returned a strong friend to missionaries' and a firm believer in the work they are doing.-EDITOR.

1907J CRITICISM OF MISSIOKS I)(VESTIGATED

portant fact in the foreign mission- move the criticism itself, and all its ary situation to-day is that in every hurtful consequences. port city, and in almost every steamship that plies the waters of the Men of the world are well aware Orient, there exists a deep and that in Christian lands, also, the critearnest hostility to foreign missions icism of foreign missions goes deeper and foreign missionaries. This is to than that which is frequently heard be found not only in the barrooms in religious circles, the latter being of the big hotels, anel in the smoking- to the effect that the "home heathen" rooms of trains and steamers, but have not yet all been converted. also in the most cultured circles of Recently, in a gathering of missionthe great European communities in ary supporters, I ventured to indicate these Asiatic cities. Many, if not specifically one or two of the definite most, of the English newspapers charges against missions which I published in the Far East are avow- have repeatedly heard in America; edly anti-missionary. :'1any travel- and the company was shocked ers return home from journeys in the beyond expression-that is, all ex- Orient primed to speak unequivocal- cept the business men. They have ly against foreign missions. heard from returned travelers, and from men who say that they "have The influence of this state of af- it straight," that missions are a great fairs upon the Asiatics is, of course, many things that are unlovely. most pronounced. The Vestern busi- Some Christian men have deemed it ness enterprises in the East touch a mark of "liberality" on their part the life of the yellow man and the to sit by in clubs, and other gatherbrown man at more points than do ings of men, and listen to the most the efforts of the missionaries. It sweeping criticism of the Church's can scarcely be denied that the East foreign representatives, without uttakes its conception of Western tering a word of defense or remoncivilization from the port cities and strance. They themselves are not their outreaching arms, rather than quite certain of the facts; perhaps from the missionaries and their their willingness to give their agencies. Thus it becomes apparent pocketbooks the benefit of the doubt at a glance that it is vital to the raised by these criticisms is one progress of evangelization that this reason for our inadequate missionhostility shall either be destroyed, ary giving. or diminished to the smallest possible proportions. It is not enough to say Kow this is the day of the square that all this criticism is a tribute to deal. If these things are true conthe present importance and ubiquity cerning foreign missions, the Church of the missionaries; still less does it has a right to know them. If they suffice to declare that these criti- are not true, the missionaries ought cisms spring from the evil-eloers not to be compelled to endure them. whose lives are rebuked by the char- The Church at home should be acter anel preaching of the mission- brave enough, and loyal enough to aries. The business of a modern, or- herself, to remove all causes of critiganized missionary crusade is to re- cism; and loyal enough to her rep- resentatives abroad to confront and

;ilence the criticisms that are not abroad was to investigate the pro warranted. As a broad proposition, and con of the missionary situation.

I think it is true that no business . I have returned to America more house in America treats its repre- deeply convinced than ever of the sentatives with so great disloyalty beneficence and usefulness of for- as the Christian Church treats her eign missions, and of their import- missionaries in the foreign fields. If ance in the development of civiliza- the laymen are to take hold of the tion, through the growth of the missionary situation, they must do so Christian Church. So far as in me militantly and vigorously, dealing lies, I am now doing all in my power with all slanders against missions as to further missionary interest in the they would deal with slanders churches at home. After a personal against their own family or business acquaintance with more than a thou- or good name. It would be an act sand missionaries, and a study of of real helpfulness to the world to hundreds of mission fields, including show that Christianity is not a practically all forms of missionary supine, inert thing, that resists no work, I am prepared to endorse for- indignity. Let the Church with- eign missions. Because of my deep stand adversaries to their face and faith in thern, I have come back con- she will command 11 respect that will vinced that missions must be cham- readily develop into admiration and pioned adequately, bravely and sen- possible discipleship. sibly, by modern men and methods.

The importance of this phase of They are able to stand all tests. A modern missions has been imprest mistake here or there, an unfit man by a year's investigation of the for- now and then, and occasional meth- eign field. I went out, at my own ods that can be improved upon, by charges, in behalf of a syndicate of no means invalidate the missionary American and Canadian daily news- undertaking. No man returns from papers, pledged to ascertain so far a close study of the foreign field as possible the facts concerning for- with the same c::mception of foreign eign missions. I went with no obli- missions that he took with him gation except to the public. My when he left Christendom. His faith promise was seriously given to re- in foreign missions is 011 a new basis port the facts as I saw them, and to of reality. Some of the old founda- verify or disprove, as far as was in tions of sentiment he has found to my power, the manifold criticisms be misconceptions. They have been of the great foreign missionary en- swcpt away.

terprise. In the course of this in- This is a wholesome result of dis- vestigation, I made many criticisms criminating criticism. All such crit- of missions and missionaries, and I icisms the Church is bound to hear heard a greater variety of criticisms and heed. She wants to know all than would come to the ears of the the facts, from whatever source she ordinary traveler; for wherever I has to learn them. If a man hostile could learn of a critic I sought him to religion adds to the sum total of out diligently and heard the worst her knowledge cOllcerning her own he had to say, for my one business work, she should be an open-minded

OF MISSIONS

pupil. Let it be said frankly that the was right, and that their charges attitude of some missionary officials against me were wrong, and that and supporters in this particular is not their missionary was in error. Such such as to command the respect and a state of mind is perfectly hopeless. admiration of fair-minded persons. It can not for a moment do honor- An illustration from my own ex- able battle with the hostile critics of perience will serve. One of the se- missions, because it is more con- rious charges which will be heard on cerned with buttressiug its own de- every hand is that missionaries are nominational bulwarks than with "grafters." Scores of times I heard knowing the truth" and with making this assertion, whenever possible pure and effective the service of the running it to ground. This is one of kingdom. Only an honorable and the definite points which I engaged open-minded Church can command to investigate. The only instance I the respect of the world. We must could discover of a missionary in give a "square deal" if we expect to active service who was engaged in get one. outside business, I came across in This principle must underlie any China. Naturally, I heard many means which the Church adopts for highly-colored versions of the story, combating the criticisms of mis- from a variety of authorities. But sions. She must be willing to re- from an official of the American lega- move missionaries of proved inca- tion I obtained the direct charge pacity or delinquency. She must that the missionary had, for pay, alter methods that are not in accord served a certain malodorous rail- with her principles or professions, way corporation seeking concessions and openly disavow the mistakes from the Chinese Government. and offenses of unworthy repre- Vithout mentioriing the mission- sentatives. Otherwise, the mouth of ary's name, I stated the facts, in- every defender of missions is closed. dicating him, however, in such a But if the Church deals openly and way that his own board would know frankly with the world, she may ex- who was meant. Promptly the sec- pect the confidence and respect of retary of that board, and various the world. Thus the facts-the of the denominational papers, came proved, ascertainable facts-lie at out with vigorous denials of the the basis of all dealing with mission- charge and denunciations of me. ary criticism. The Church can not One paper searched the depths of its rail at port cities as made up of loosevocabulary of vituperation to slander living arid wicked men, because the me for saying such a thing about a facts disprove that wholesale accusa- missionary of its faith. It so hap- tion, even tho the moral conditions pens that I have a letter from that of these cities is greatly to be deman's bishop, fully corroborating the plored and urgently in need of essential allegation. That letter has remedy. been shown to the missionary's sec- Neither, on the other hand, can retary, and to the editors of the pa- the world charge that missionaries 'pers in question. Not one of them live in luxury. It is regrettable that has had the fairness to admit that I some missionary homes in certain

fields are large and imposing-so missionaries are great 'men-to put large and imposing that they excite the proposition euphemistically..

comment among natives, travelers Nevertheless, one who has had the and foreign residents. Let us admit special privileges that I have had, in all this, granting that the erection of the way of association with all kinds such houses is a mistake, both from of missionaries, is prepared to con- the standpoint of the missionaries tend that as a class the missionaries who dwell in them, and from the are the "good society" of the Far standpoint of the impression which East, outranking in culture, char- they make upon the general public, acter, brains and social graces the native and foreign. But these are thousands of other foreigners who the exceptional homes, not the or- reside in those parts of the world.

dinary. For every missionary making In this connection it is fair for the this mistake, there is another mis- members of the great churches of sionary making the greater mistake Protestantism to ask: Shall they be of living without the conveniences held responsible for the irresponsible and comforts which are essential to missionaries? When run to ground, the health and efficiency of the white it is found that many of the criti- man. cisms of foreign missions have their Instead of becoming excited over foundation in the conduct or defi- the charge that there are some rice- ciencies of members of some inde- Christians, let us admit that this is pendent mission; or of missionaries true; any semi-alert person can find who are not directly responsible to rice-Christians in the United States, the home churches. It will be freely in England, in China, in Japan, or in admitted by those conversant with any other place where the Gospel is the field that the average of effective- preached. The comprehensive charge ness in the case of the independent that the missionaries' converts are missionary is 110t up to the average made up of rice-Christians, or that of effectiveness in the denomina- the majority are rice-Christians, can tional boards' workers. The churches be disproved by anyone at all con- are responsible for the latter. They versant with the facts. can remedy the defects existing Everybody is familiar with the among their own representatives.

criticism that missionaries are in- They are helpless in the matter of competents who could not make a the independent organization-ex- living in their own country. I once cept as they withdraw their support heard a Hongkong merchant put it from the latter, and devote it ex- in this form: "The missionaries are clusively to the more economical and composed of the very offscourings of far-reaching and more successful America and Great Britain." This, work of the denominational boards.

we may sarcastically rejoin, is some- An allied question, which is larger what of an overstatement. Intimate than may appear upon the surface, knowledge of missionaries furnishes is concerning the Church's relation abundant answer to this charge. It to the eleemosynary enterprises on also, we must concede, affords the foreign field. Is Christendom to ground for the statement that not all educate heathendom? Is it to min-

AMERICANS IN ORIENT AND THE MISSIONARY QUESTION 9

ister to all heathendom's sores and too, has an important place in the sicknesses? Is it to teach Japan Eng- introductory stage of foreign mislish, and China vVestern ways? Is sions. But is it not better to put the it to care for the lepers, the insane, Gospel spirit into the hearts of men, the deaf and the blind of all the so that they may help themselves, heathen countries, whose own sins rather than to continue directly to have brought on many of these administer help to them? Is not the countless sufferings? Perhaps this method which has been adopted in is not the place to interject the per- Korea, where schools and hospitals sonal opinion that missionary work, are entirely subordinate to evangelin the long run, would be far more ism, a better method than that long effective if it were more largely di- ago adopted in Japan? rectly evangelistic, aiming to give a new mind and heart to the old man, Vhen we clear the field of the rather than a new body to the old petty, spiteful, uninformed and hosmind. Educational work there tile criticism of missions, we shall be should be, especially along certain better prepared to take up these lines, such as the training of the na- larger and more constructive crititive ministry; and medical work, cisms, which are really an evidence of healthful interest, AMERICANS IN THE ORIENT AND THE MISSIONARY QUESTION BY REV. GEORGE A. MILLER, MANIL, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS There are representatives of "every- stand by himself. The policy of his body" in the United States and the government and the conduct of its American is everywhere. There have citizens are being differentiated from been men from the Vest in the far those of the European and he may no East, and to the Oriental they have longer live merely as a "white man" looked so much alike, in color and or "from the West." He is from the size, that the sins of some have been United States. charged to the account of many. The depredations of renegade Europeans The best of us and the worst of us and the unwarranted aggressions of have gone abroad and have met in the powers have furnished the ful- the Orient, and everyone of us has a crum for the leverage of hatred direct relation to the missionary probagainst the foreigner and his religion. lem and a personal influence for evil Native prejudices have been goaded or good. All Americans in the East to fanatical fury and Oriental pas- may be loosely classified as either sions fanned to flames of persecution transients or residents, with minor by the robbery and slaughter and shades of difference and influence. grinding oppression of nations whose official representatives in the far East The transients include a mixed seemed to have no other mission. multitude of people who are away from home for divergent reasons. In The American is now coming to the larger ports there are sailors ashore, sometimes soldiers out on a

po,ss, newspaper correspondents often man missed the spirit of his subject hunting for stories and "expert" stuff, that the secular press of China enters adventurers looking for a chance to a vigorous protest against his criti- "squeeze," and commercial travelers cisms, and remarks that without the looking for business, Then there is work of the missionary, life for the the globe-trotter proper, that money- foreigner in many parts of the into-spend world-wicl~ tramp who suc- terior would be unendurable. The recc'ccls in learning mor2 thing3 that ports of the high-living, fashionable are not true and seeing more things tourist, who never sees a mission nor that never happened than a hundred a missionary, but learns that they are honest men may set to right. There all a farce and a failure, are too well is also the lecturer and ecclesiastical known to need comment. The rlottourist who is there to learn all about ings of some sailors on shore-Ieavf.. it in a few days amI ever after pose arc a dark chapter, tho such sailors as authority on all Oriental problems. serving on American ships are rarely ever Americans. The American sol- The resident Americans include dier in the Orient has on the whole a government officials, teachers and fairly good record, tho in individual engineers, merchants and mission- cases it will take a broad and very aries. Terms of residence may vary opaque mantle of charity to cover his from a few months to even years, but these people have at least a mission S111S, in the country and a certain identity of interest with its life. But at most, The number of official and comthe American is but a pilgrim in a mercial Americans who have been strange country. He must frequently positively helpful to the missionary is come home to get his native breath or small but includes some illustrious die of social asphyxiation. names. Such men as ~1inister Con- ger, Robert Hart and Colonel Denby It has come to pass that these have rendered service of inestimable Americans on the field of the mission- value, ary form one of the major problems of his administration. Some of his The majority of these residents in greatest difficulties are due to some a strange land are indifferent to the of these fellow citizens and some of work of the missions. It is no affair his surest triumphs are to be shared of theirs, "These people have their with those who by disinterested co- religion, let them alone," is the comoperation have made them possible. mon creed. The average government official is strangely callous to moral The non-residents are by far the values, An army officer said to his most troublesome to the missionary men on pay-day, "Gamble all yO'-l and dangerous to his plea. Just now please, boys, and have a good time, the work of the missionary is being but don't fight and make trouble," seriously discredited in the American pres!' by a correspondent who has gone The influence of the Orient upon throJghout the East giving an "un- the American is in itself a missionary P;-2: Idiced account" of the" mission- problem of first magnitude, and one 2'- " and his work. So far has this that is little recognized in the home- land. Mr, Kipling has something to

AMERICANS IN ORIENT AKD THE MISSIONARY QUESTION 9I

answer for. It is doubtful whether brought or is likely to bring to the any four lines ever written did more natives. to crystalize and extend an evil sentiment than the verse so often quoted The Oriental is by nature a devand known colloquially as "East of otee of games of chance, and since Suez." All over the Orient there are gambling is "in the air" the American men who have flung to the winds the often gambles more here than at ten commandments, and then with a home. "Everybody gambles," and leer cite this stanza as their code of the whole East is a free and easy morals. l'l1onte Carlo. "East of Suez" again.

Drink and gambling and impurity The crowning curse of the Ameriare bad anywhere, but they are far can in the East is the social evil. more deadly IO,OOO miles from where Wherever the European has lived, anyone knows what is done in the the Eurasian and Mestizo classes are long leisure that follows the short living reminders of the weakness of hours of the Government's day. With humanity, especially humanity away every social restraint and moral prop from home. Under the crowded conremoved, with no home life, with no ditions of Oriental civilizations, low historic environment, with no good moral standards easily prevail, and women, the average man feels the in- the way of temptation is ever open. sidious tug of an awful undertow, Some of the most heartbreaking tragand without positive Christian char- edies that come to the attention of acter, few there be that can stand the missionary are cases where the against it. transgressor has come to himself to find that he has made a league with The army canteen question has be- the inhabitants of the land and that come acute in the East, where great he never could with honor either take numbers of the army officers drink his family home with him or leave steadily and freely; and the men are them there deserted. Such thorns in restless when denied what the officers the side have ruined the life of more are allowed. These men apply for than a few men who might have passes, and when out of lines run to found large usefulness in paths of wild excesses in their efforts to follow virtue. the pace set by the officers within the lines. A drunken soldier is more There are probably as many Amerieasily controlled within the lines than cans in the Philippines as in the rest without, hence the officers' objection of the Orient combined, and since the to the anti-canteen law. days of American occupation the city of Manila has presented a unique Where the flag flies in the Orient condition with its large American it has too often happened in civil life population in the midst of the tropical that at banquets and receptions the and Oriental conditions of the olel public and official example has been Spanish regime. Needless to say that on the side of hard drinking. The the vices incident to such a situation American liquor shipped to the Philip- have prevailed, and in all too many pines has wrought far more harm to lives the sowing to the wind has our own men there than it has reaped the whirlwind. It is hardly

fair, however, to denounce the Philip- The races were run crooked, and pine Government for its protection of thousands of people lost money every the saloon and gambling institutions day at the tracks. When the matter and bawdy houses, so long as we per- came up for discussion before the mit the same institutions to flourish commission, it was stated by a rephere at home without effective protest. resentative of the race-track manage- These institutions have been as well ment that during the past year the regulated there as here, and it is un- tracks had taken in as their 10 per reasonable to ask more until we sweep cent. $400,000. This meant that before our own doors. These traps $4,000,000 CU. S. Currency) had have ensnared many, however, and changed hanels at the tracks eluring often has the missionary met the sneer the year, this sum being equal to 25 of the native to whom an "Arneri- per cent. of the internal revenue, and cano" means only a drunken renegade 10 per cent. of all the money in cirspreading trouble amI disease where- culation in the Philippine Islands. ever he goes. That such things spelled . ruin and hard times for hundreds of men who Cockfighting is. said to be the pet were caught in the snare, needs no vice of the Filipino, and the cockpit proof. has flourished for years. In point of fact, however, these cockpits have In the midst of this situation are been owned and controlled by a com- three American churches in ~Ianila, bination of capitalists, and so ex- which are the only exclusively Amerploited and promoted that the every- ican churches in the Islands. A Presday native has had little choice in the byterian church in a good building is matter. He fell in with the current well manncd and maintained as part anel matters were so managed that he of the mission work. An Episcopal ever became poorer, and the manage- church has built a great cathedral and ment richer. The American Govern- supports a chapter house containing ment has taken no steps to restrict good quarters, where the Columbia this evil, falling back upon the old Club provides them a wide range of law giving the municipalities author- amusements. A lHethodist Episcopal ity to close their cockpits by vote of church in a little stone chapel carries the consujaZes (councilmen). on a strong evangelistic work and is entirely self-supporting. These three In Spanish days, the city of :Manila churches, with the Young .Men's had a horse race-track where twice a Christian Association soon to occupy year a ten days' "meet" was held. a new and commodious building, have Under the new administration the exerted a mighty influence for rightfrequency of these events was in- eousness among the thousands of creased till they were held every homeless and tempted young men. week. Another track was established, and there was horse-racing four After much general discussion of days a week, including Sunday. No the gambling evil, there was organadmission fee was charged, but a 10 ized, in April, 1906, 011 prayer-meetper cent. "rake-off" on all bets went ing night in the Central Methodist to the management to pay "expenses." Church, a Moral Progress League.

AMERICANS IN ORIENT AND THE MISSIONARY QUESTION

vVithout officers, rules or dues, it was into the provinces and municipalities, a league of men who believed in better and the consujates urged to close things. Public discussion aroused their gambling cockpits. The old wide-spread interest, and before many historic Cavite was the first to take people knew what was happening, the this action and the news of the victory campaign was on in earnest. The proved an inspiration to the people. meetings overran the church and Everywhere it was: "FuerraGallespeedily lost all semblance of sectarian ras!" ("Away the cockpits!") The character., An American lawyer, plea was made on behalf of national Judge W. A. Kincaid, by virtue of self-respect and decency, and it was great ability and elevotion to the urged that if the Filipinos would be cause, came to the leadership of the respecte"d by the world they must first forces. From every side the recruits put away their vices. Within six came. The Governor-General, the weeks of the opening of the crusade, Executive Secretary, Aguinaldo, pro- two hundred and twenty-five cockpits vincial governors, the Filipino Acad- had been closed by voluntary municemy of Sciences, lawyers, doctors, ipal action, and the cockpit owners editors, politicians; and then the great were both breathless and speechless. common people came by the thous- But they did not long remain so. ands, a multitude that no man could number. For the first time in the In the meantime, the lawyers who history of the Islands, every class and were giving their time to the cause, condition of men were enlisted under had drafted a law prohibiting betting a common cause, and that the cause of at the horse-races and this law was reform. Nothing like it had ever formally presented to the Commishappened before. sion and placed in order upon public discussion. Never was there such a There was one silent note, however. discussion since the famous Opium The Roman Archbishop at first gave debate when one missionary, singlea conditional endorsement, but ever handed, withstood the forces that thereafter, neither he nor any priest would have wrought our eternal or representative of his Church could shame in the Orient. be induced to take any part whatever in the campaign. To avoid the ap- VVhen the race-track law came up, pearance of a conflict which was in September, the battle raged for never intended, the Protestant mis- three days. Six hired lawyers desionaries kept in the background, but fended the gamblers, six volunteers the native Christians came to the front pled for reform. One of the hireby the thousands, and native preach- lings averred that the true spirit of ers became the mouthpieces of the this measure might be known from campaign. In fact the movement dis- the fact that the Moral Prog,ress covered the young church to the "Il- League was organized in a Methodist lustrado" classes who had heretofore church and by a Methodist preacher, ignored the work of the missionary. which was sufficient condemnation.

Without waiting for governmental Governor-General Henry C. Ide, action, the battle was carried at once presiding, promptly rebuked the speaker, reminding him that it made

no difference what the name of the that prevailed whenever the subject of place where the movement originated. morals was broached.

After two weeks' consideration the The heathen American is as well law was passed so modified as to per- worth saving as any other heathen, mit gambling only on the first Sun- and is deserving of more attention day of each month and on eight ad- from the· various missionary boards ditional legal holidays. This was ad- than he has been receiving under mitted to be a sweeping victory for former conditions. 'Then these men reform and the new law has been fall into vice and morally run amuck, strictly enforced since January 1St of the work of the missionary is greatly this year. It has been hoped that the complicated and hindered. If every Commission would adopt a similar American in the Orient were morally prOV1SlGn regarding the cockpits clean and personally friendly to the throughout the Islands, but so far as work of the missions, our burden heard from this has not yet been done. would be much lightened thereby. The American in the Orient is de- A campaign has done much to clear serving of serious consideration on the air and bring about better moral the part of every agency that is conconditions for Americans and Filipi- ducting missionary work in the far nos alike. It has at least exploded East. the awful ominous hush of silence HINDU IMMIGRANTS IN AMERICA BY REV. E. M. WHERRY, D.D. Author of "Islam and Christianity in India and the Far East"

It is only natural that, in a land tralia a few years since and who reoverpopulated as India is, with mil- cently returned bringing with him lions always dwelling on the border $35,000. N at many are so fortunate. lands of starvation, many of the more A few have lost their love for their enterprising people should venture native land and have become domiciled away beyond the Black water to seek in the land of their choice. Many have some of the gold to be found in our fulfilled their contract and have relanel of plenty. For many years there turned home with little more than they has been a systematic effort to induce took with them excepting habits of exthe Hindu coolie to emigrate to the travagance, which forever fills them vVest Indies, British Guiana, Central with discontent and a desire to return Africa and elsewhere. JTany have to the newer fields of their voluntary gone under a definite contract to re- exile. main in these places as laborers for a fixed period. Some have returned, Recently there have been influences bringing back money enough to make at work which have inspired many to them respectable money-lenders in the emigrate to the Pacific coast of the Indian town or village from which United Stafes of America, and Canthey had gone. Only recently I was ada, particular!y to the city of Vantold of a Hindu who had gone to Aus- couver. The Indian journals have been full of stories of the splendid op-

I907] THE NATIVE SITUATION IN SOUTH

portunities to make money by ordinary has to learn everything from the bework in city and country. Men, re- ginning. lIany employers are unceiving from 5 to 8 cents a day in willing to wait for this course of edu- India, were told that by emigrating to cation, and the novice finds himself America they might become suddenly out of his job. Then the laboring men rich. Labor would bring thcm at are jealous of the advent of this horde least $2 a day. Opportunities were of men ready to work for anything everywhere at hand to rapidly acquire they can get, and so they have been money. The result has been a con- prepared to take steps to exclude them siderable emigration to the north- from the labor market. The fiat western states and to Canada. Men seems to have gone forth. A mill from the fields with no knowledge but operator told me only yesterday that that of digging and watching their employers had been warned against farms have crowded into Vancouver, retaining any Hindus in their employ after September zd (Labor day). B. c., and into other towns with the Vhat will come of this remains to be seen-it may compel these strangers hope they. could get the wealth so to go into the country and seek labor often acquired by the European em- among the farmers. If so, it may be igrant. There are now thousands of a good thing for the Hindu. these Hindu peasants who have pushed their way into America and who still It is to be hoped that the Christian hope, in spite of adversity, that they Church will not lose its opportunity to will soon make their fortunes by win some of these people to Christ. working in the fruit orchards and May we not hope that somc onesawmills at from 75 cents to $2 a day. a Christian convert or a retired mis- sionary capable of speaking Panjabi A great drawback in the case of the may be found to evangelize these peo- Indian emigrant is that his caste has pIe? Ve have our Chinese missions disqualified him for most of the places and our Japanese missions in America open to ordinary laborers. Unlike the -why not a Hindu mission? European emigrant he knows little or nothing of the work to be done and so THE NATIVE SITUATION IN SOUTH AFRICA * A MISSIONARY POINT OF VIEW BY REV. J. Dt: PLESSIS, B.A., lLD., CPE TOWN, SOt:TH AFRICA General Missionary Secretary of the Dutch Reformed Church Five and a half years have now lands and gardens restored, and deselapsed since the Boer War devas- olated farms restocked with sheep tated South Africa. No one who and cattle. Nature's kindly hand has travels through the country to-day been busy covering and healing the can have any doubt as to its re- wounds which a cruel War inflicted. cuperative powers. Dismantled homesteads have been rebuilt, wasted Deeper and more indelible than the physical scars are the effects of the * This article was written in December, 19OO, and its publication has been unavoidably delayed. The situation, however) is practically unchanged.-EDITOR.

A TYPICAL AFRICAN VILLAGE IN ZAMBESIA war on the mind and character of the ical influence, and in the desire for inhabitants of South Africa. Besides eccl=siastical independence. the far-reaching political changes which are the most patent of these Desire for Education effects, there have been subtler social Like the American negro at the and economic movements which are close of the Civil ~War, the South less easily traceable. The native of African native to-day is consumed South Africa, who during the war with the desire to be educated, in the played the part of spectator, has been hope that thus at one bound he may profoundly influenced by the stirring attain the social status of the white events of the past few years. The man. In almost all our mission fields patriotic ardor with which the Boer south of the Zambesi native chiefs defended his country to the last ditch are asking for more schools, and na- appealed strongly to the black man as tive parents are eager to have their son of the soil. His English friends children taught to read and write, led him to expect that the subjection and especially to read and write Eng- of the Boer republics would usher in lish. If the schools they possess are a golden age for the opprest South too elementary, and one of their sons African native. Small wonder that reveal any special aptness for letters, he has been roused from his wonted the parents will stint themselves in lethargy, and begins to feel the stir- order to send the youth of promise to ring of new hopes and the inspiration some native college of recognized of new ideals. His ambitions are nat- standing, or even across the seas to urally somewhat vague, but such as an American institution. There is they are they reveal themselves 111 something admirable in this eagerness three directions-in the desire for a for education; it proves that the na- better education, in the desire for polit- tive is alive to the benefits which eclu-

NATIVE SITUATION IN SOUTH AFRICA 92

cation brings, and that he is ambitious in the present system is the neglect of to rise in the scale of civilization. the vernacular. Missionaries of all There is also something pathetic in societies are practically agreed that this pursuit of education; for the na- the elements of education should be tive has but a vague idea of what imparted in the child's mother-tongue, real education is, and frequently lacks and not in English, which in form, those qualities of mind and heart structure and vocabulary is utterly which are necessary if education is to alien to the Bantu languages spoken prove an abiding blessing. throughout South and Central Africa. Another pressing need is an increased In the sphere of education the pres- number of training schools for native ent needs of the South African native teachers. The dearth of qualified may be formulated thus: a more suit- teachers for both elementary and adable system of elementary education, vanced schools is being felt all over a larger number of training schools South Africa, among white, colored for native teachers, and a central col- and black races. The sums of money lege for higher education. The sys- voted for educational purposes by the tem of elementary education now in various governments of South Africa vogue in the native schools of South are utterly inadequate. As a result, Africa is wholly unsuited to the needs teachers of all grades and in all of the native. This has been fre- classes of schools are greatly underquently affirmed by missionaries well paid, so that the most promising able to· judge. The fundamental error , A VILLAGE CHIEF AND HIS FAMILY IN SOUTH AFRICA

young men adopt more remunerative and political rights. This expectation professions. Finally, there has been has not been realized. In the newly- recently a powerful movement for the acquired colonies, Transvaal and establishment of an interstate native Orangia, the social and political status college for higher education. The of the native is unchanged. The politproject was first mooted in the Report ical rights which he possesses in the of the South African Native Affairs Cape Colony have not been conferred Commission, and it was subsequently by the British as opposed to the Dutch taken up with great warmth by the party, but by both parties alternately, natives themselves under the inspira- when either the one or the other tion and guidance of some prominent hoped thereby to capture the native friends of the native. The under- vote at the polls. taking was fairly launched at a gathering, representative of almost all Not only has the position of the South African tribes, which was held native not been bettered SJ11ce the at Lovedale early last year (1906), war; in some respects it has even and over $70,000 has been contributed grown worse. The burden of taxaor promised.* At the General Mis- tion has been increased by the govsionary Conference in J ohanneshurg ernments of South Africa. The riin July, 1906, the scheme was thor- sing in Natal, which has lately been oughly discust, and in general outline put down, was due almost wholly to approved, tho the fear was exprest increased taxation. The various that the aims of the institution were governments of South Africa and the somewhat too pretentious, and that representatives of the Johannesburg many years must elapse before they mining interests have leagued themcan be fully realized. selves togethe.r to supply the labor market in the Golden City. By in- Desire for Political Influence creasing the hut or the poll-tax, the governments compel the native to We pass on now to consider the work in the mines for several months desire for political influence that actu- of the year, and thus the insatiable ates the native of South Africa. The demand of the mining directors for watchword of Cecil Rhodes, "Equal native labor is to some extent suprights for every white man south of plied. The arrangement is vastly to the Zambesi," was during the storm the benefit of the governments, whose and stress of the war years altered to exchequers are painfully empty, and the cry, "Equal rights for every civil- of the mine magnates, whose works ized man south of the Zambesi," in require an abundant labor supply. order to secure the native's sympathy for and approval of the British cause. A noticeable feature in connection Expectation reigned strong among with the demand which the native is the natives that the triumph of the preferring for increased political British arms would result in their en- rights is the establishment of the franchisement, or at least would se- "South African Native Association." cure for them certain definite social This body, which has as its chairman a prominent Malay of Cape Town- * Thjs Ilmo«nt pas sinc~ been largely increased. well-educated, a doctor, and a mem-

NATIVE SITUATION IN SOUTH

ber of the Town Council-announces spread to any great extent among the as its object the acquisition of greater black races. politital influence for the colored and native populations of South Africa. Desire for ECl I csiasHcal Independence Hitherto it has not been strongly sup- The native's desire to achieve eccle- ported by the natives, but has drawn siastical independence centers in the Ethiopian Movement, whose chid aim is the establishment of a church of native Christians wHolly emanci- pated from European control. That this demancl is not wholly unreason- able is evident from the fact that all mission work professes to have for its ultimate object the establishment of a self-controlling and self-extending native church. So far as the objective of Ethiopianism and of missions generally is identical, the former would seem to need, not objurgation and repression, but encouragement and guidance into right channels. The defect which has been fatal to Ethio- pianism in South Africa lies in the fact that the sect is not imbued with the true missionary spirit. Its leaders NATAL CH1LDREN WHO SHOULD BE TAUGHT AS have established a propaganda only WELL AS FED in fields already fully occupied, and its adherents chiefly from the Dutch- have sought to build upon another's speaking colored classes and Malays. foundation. Its adherents have been The native is naturally suspicious of drawn from Christian churches of all movements which he does not long standing, and they consist in clearly understand, and which do not many instances of persons who have originate with himself. He also lacks either been placed under discipline by the virtue of combination, and many their own church boards, or who are a promising cause has been wrecked cherishing some grievance against through intertribal jealousies. The their mother-church. Its lax system native will attempt to gain his ends of discipline makes the Ethiopian by diplomacy; he lacks the determina- Church a Cave of Adullam, which tion-supposed to be a characteristic harbors everyone who is in distress, quality of the Anglo-Saxon race- every cine in debt, and everyone who which can agitate for its rights until is discontented.

it secures them. The South African The governments of South Africa Native Association may obtain favor viewed the growth of Ethiopianism in the eyes of "Cape Boys" and Ma- with slispicions eyes. They feared lays; it is doubtful whether it will that the avowed striving after ecc1e-,

siastical independence concealed a Sl1~g he attached himself as field- secret trend in the direction of polit- preacher to the forces of the rebel ical independence, and that the spirit chief Bambata. At the close of the which actuated Ethiopianism would fight in the Nkandhla forest his body sooner or later prove a menace to the was found lying on the battle-field, safety of the South African States. and in his pocket was his Bible, on The governments which had to cope the title-page of which stood his name, with, proportjonately, the largest na- ]}1oses Mbele, leaving nQ doubt as to tive populations were the first to take his identity.

alarm and to introduce repressive There can, however, be little doubt measures. In Natal and in Rhodesia that Ethiopianism is a waning force mission work was prohibited at cen- in South Africa. Ti1is has been ters not under the direct control of shown by facts adducecl by the Rev.

Europeans. By this regulation mis- F. Suter in a paper read to the Gen- sion agencies wert: seriously hampered eral Missionary Conference. From in their work, since no new out-sta- all parts of the country come reports tions could be manned by native stating that the Ethiopian cause is evangelists or teachers, tho some lati- making no headway, and that, tho it tude was generally allowed in the case is a source of trouble and annoy- of stations already worked by natives. ance, Christian churches that are Upon the Natal missions the law weIl-founded and weIl-equipped have pressed heavily during the recent re- nothing to fear from it. So much bellion, and was occasionaIIy carried was to be expected, for it has drawn to iniquitous lengths. At out-stations to its ranks the restless, the discon- where no European missionary was tented and the worthless. Nor does found, churches were in many 111- the Ethiopian Church appear to be stances ruthlessly pulled down, and able to direct its own affairs. In furniture wantonly given to the 1905 the church of the Ethiopians in flames. Cape Town was compelled to pass The Natal rebellion has, however, through the insolvency court, and shown that the suspicions of the gov- there are not wanting indications that ernments with reference to the ten- the financial affairs of the Ethiopian dency of Ethiopianism are not un- Church generally are in a perilous founded. While members of Chris- condition. The native has much to tian churches remained in cases loyal learn before he will be mentally and to the Government, evidence is not morally capable of working out his wanting that Ethiopian churches, or own destiny. Let Ethiopianism purge independent congregations under na- itself of its dross, let it seek to be tive pastors, sided with the rebellious filled with true missionary ardor, let chiefs. Six years ago a native evan- it cease to seduce Christians from gelist of the Dutch Reformed Church their allegiance to other churches and effected a schism, and separated him- break new ground in areas unevan- self with some hundred members geIized as yet, let it establish a whole- from the church to which he belonged. some dis.cipline in its ranks, and train At the commencement of the upri- a ministry that shall be both spiritual-

ly and mentally fit to lead, then it Christian character. This IS a work may yet become a mighty power 111 which calls for the utmost patience. Africa. For if the European nations, who were Christianized sixteen centuries The Duty of the Church ago, have even yet imbibed so little Such in outline are some of the of the Spirit of Christ, what is to be aspirations of the South African na- expected from native converts but tive at the commencement of the AN OPEN AIR GOSPEL SERVICE IN RHODESIA, SOUTH AFRICA twentieth century. It is the duty of barely emerged from savagery, in the Christian Church to encourage whom as yet the Christian conscience him, by wise and helpful counsel, to speaks with a feeble accent, and who seek the realization of these aspira- through the powerful attraction of tions. Christian missionaries in South their environment, are daily in dan- Africa are confronted by a twofold ger of being sucked back into the problem: first, to provide for the men- vortex of barbarism? Immense toil tal and spiritual needs of those na- and patience are therefore necessary tives who are already Christianized; for gathering a native church of deand secondly, to carry the Gospel to voted and faithful Christians, but natives who are still unevangelized. when once such a church has been If the native is to realize his destiny established upon the immovable and fulfil his divinely-appointed task foundation of the Apostles and Prophin the world, the missionary must ets, with Jesus Christ as the Chief make it his chief aim to build up in Cornerstone, a light has been kindled his converts a consistent and strong in darkest African heathendom which

shall not be quenched until the day Meanwhile, the situation is full of dawn and the shadows flee away. promise. Everywhere the native is awakening from his long sleep. Even But after having securely estab- tho it be true that he evinces less of lished his base, the missionary must at a desire for Christianization than for once press forward to the regions be- civilization, nevertheless the opporyond. Even in South Africa, with its tunity and the responsibility are the immense scope, the missionary socie- missionary's. To the missionary the ties have lain too long in their en- native turns for light, for guidance, trenchments, and have failed to give for assistance in his upward struggle. battle to the enemy in the open field. Let us seize the opportunity and The various sections of the Christian gladly accept the responsibility it con- Church jostle each other in the nearer fers. The Christian churches in and more accessible spheres of work, South Africa, too, as well as the Euwhile large tracts of country with ropean and American churches, are their teeming populations are lying coming to realize more perfectly the unworked. For the promotion of llrgency of the work to be done, and interdenominational comity and a gathering strength to attempt it in the better understanding with regard to name of the Master. As is to be exthe overcrowding and overlapping of pected from people who have been fields of labor, the General Mission- in contact with the native from childary Conference of 1906 has appointed hood, and ha,ve too often seen him an unofficial Board of Arbitration, from his worst side only, there is which shall deal with all difficulties among South Africans much indifferthat may be submitted to it by rep- ence and even much hostility to misresentatives of any missionary so- sion work, but all this prejudice is ciety laboring in South Africa. The being overborne and removed by the work of this tribunal will be watched single-mincledness and enthusiasm of with great interest. Upon it will also devoted 01ristians. It is ever our devolve the duty of apportioning prayer that Christian churches everyareas not yet fully occupied, and we where may be inspired with a more may therefore hope that within a few utter loyalty to the command of their Lord and Master, and that Christian years all tracts .of unoccupied terri- workers throughout the world may re- ceive a new enduement of the Spirit. tory south of the Zambesi will be assigned to societies ready to undertake their evangelization.

A MESSAGE FROM DR. GRIFFITH JOHN Before returning to my work in possibility. Many doubt this, and look China I should like to leave a message upon every attempt to Christianize a with the readers of the MISSIONARY people like the Chinese, Hindus or REVIEW OF THE 'vVORLD. Japanese as futile, and upon those who are engaged in the work as so many I am sometimes asked if I believe fanatics or impostors. During a misthe evangelization of India, China sionary career of fifty-two years, I and Japan to be within the bounds of

A MESSAGE FROM DR. GRIFFITH

have seen much of the missionary life. estant convert in the whole of that Its trials, disappointments and dis- vast empire, and when I went, in 1855, couragements are not unknown to me. there were only about 500 church- The field in which I have been work- members. Now there are about 180,- ing is not only the largest, but, taking 000 communicants, representing a it all in all, the most difficult also. And Christian community of about 500,0;)0 yet my convictions with regard to the souls. When Doctor Morrison went divinity of the work, and its final to China, there was not a single native triumph, are stronger to-day than they helper that he could associate with were in 1855, when I first arrived in himself in Christian work. We have China. I never believed more firmly now about 10,000 picked men and than I do to-day that the kingdoms of women who are closely associated with the world shall become the kingdoms us, as pastors, evangelists, colporteurs, of our Lord, and of His Christ. hospital assistants and teachers of schools. The conversion of the Chinese is a stupendous task, and the obstacles in Then think of the rate of increase the way are terribly formidable. Never- of late, as compared with that of the theless a vast amount of work has earlier days. It took thirty-five years been accomplished in China, and great in China to build up a church of6 results have been achieved. The bar- members; it took forty-eight years to riers are being surmounted one by build up a church of SOD members; h one, and our prospects are becoming took fifty-three years to build up a brig-hter and brighter as the years roll church of 1,0:::>0 members; it took on. In the present stage of our work, about eighty years to build up a church I attach no great value to the statistics of 40,000 members. But look at the of our missions in China as an index increase within the first decade of the of their success. The progress can twentieth century. Since the year not be measured by the sale test of 1900 there have been added to our counting heads. There are results church-roll about 50,000 members~ which can not possibly be reckoned by that is, these six or seven years have numbers or reported in figures, and given us more converts than the whole there are benefits springing from mis- of the first eighty years. At the same sionary labor which can not be tab- rate of increase, another fifty years ulated by statistics. Think of China's will give us millions of converts. This great awakening, one of the most won- is what we are looking forward to if! derful events of the age in which we the days to come. live. Its connection with a whole century of missionary labor is obvious Among our converts in China there enough. But how are we going to re- are men and women who have unport it in figures or tabulate it by doubtedly been born again. I doubt statistics? if you have in the United States better Christians than some of the Christians Yet I am glad to be able to say that I have seen in China. the statistics of our missions in China are such as to inspire confidence. There are men in America who When Doctor Morrison went to China, say that they have been to China, and in 1807, there was not a single Prot- that they have found no converts there. I will not trouble you with any re-

marks about them just now. I have converts are genuine, neither do I already stated that there are in China mean to say that all who are genuine about 180,000 church-members, repre- are alI that we could wish them to be.

senting a Christian community of Are all the professing Christians of about 500,000 souls. That is a fact, America genuine? Are all who are at any rate. genuine alI that their pastors could There are others who will allow that wish them to be? But I do mean to there are converts, but maintain say that we have thousands of genu- that they are all false. "There is inely converted men and women in not a genuine Christian among them. China, and that the number of such is They are all rice-Christians." And I increasing every day.

have read a statement to the effect I do not see how any honest-minded that those who say that "the mission- man could say that all the converts in aries are making real converts in China are false, after the splendid China, are subject to a dilusion or proofs of their sincerity which so are gtliIty of a fraud." Well, I have many of them gave in 1900, in connec- been to China, too, and have seen tion with the Boxer movement. In something of the converts, and I am that year thousands upon thousands prepared to make this statement dis- suffered the loss of alI things rather tinctly and emphatically; and the than deny the faith, and thousands question is, who should be regarded faced death in its most cruel forms as an authority on this subject-a mis- rather than deny the Lord that bought sionary,who has labored in China for them. Some of them were beheaded, more than fifty years, and who is pre- some of them were speared, and some pared to offer up his life at any mo- of them were hacked to pieces. In ment for the good of the Chinese peo~ that year the Church in China received pIe, or a mere' globe-trotter, who her baptism of fire and blood, and well knows nothing about the work, who did she stand the test. . As the result cares nothing about the work, and of that fury trial, we have now in whose conclusions touching the work China a purer, a stronger, and a nobler are based upon nothing more substan- Church than we ever had before. We tial than the silly tittle-tattle about have a Church of which we may well missions and missionaries which a- be proud, and of which we are proud.

bounds in every foreign settlement at ViII you have another proof of which he may call? Would that these the reality of missionary work in globe-trotters knew half as much about Chi.1a? Then think for a moment Christ and His great salvation as some how the missionary's cry is becoming of the Chinese Christians know! Being the cry of China these days. Down unconverted themselves, how can they with opium, down with foot-binding, believe in the conversion of the Chi- down with the degradation of woman, nese? Do they believe in the conver- down with ignorance, down with idol- sion of anyone? Do they believe in atry and superstition of every kind!

conversion at all? Do they know any- That has been the missionary's cry for thing about it? many a long year-a voice crying in I do not mean to say. that all our the wilderness. But see how the Chi-

nese themselves are taking up the selves as redeemed men and women, same cry these days and giving effect and, above all, worthy of the Christ to it. who has redeemed us. We want a China Is Being Changed movement that shall turn the eight It is not a matter of experiment hundred and forty black squares on with us now as to whether the Gospel our missionary diagrams, each repre- can or can not influence the Chinese senting a million souls, into white be- mind. It is influencing it, and doing fore the close of the century. Do you precisely the same thing for them that ask me if I believe such a movement it is doing for us. It gives them the possible? Possible 1 Why should it not victory over sin and death. It enables be possible? With God all things are them to say that old things have passed possible, and to him that believeth all away, and all things have become new. things are possible. Nay, I believe It enables them to feel that to be car- more. I believe that it rests with our- nally-minded is death, but to be spirit- selves entirely as to whether. we shall ually-minded is life and peace. have such a movement or not. God I have seen the Gospel work mir- has devolved on the Church the gi- acles in China. I have seen it make gantic task of evangelizing the na- the lying truthful, the dishones( honest, tions, and He is ever waiting to clothe the earthly and sensual heaven-aspiring His people with the necessary power and God-loving. I have seen it strike for its accomplishment. God is able off the fetters that had bound the and He is willing to make us able. Let opium smoker for years, and set the the churches take up the missionary captive free. I have seen it so change work as their own work; let them read the heart of the gambler as to make about it, and think about it, and pray him exclaim in gladsome surprize, about it till the missionary fire de- "Why the very taste for gambling is scends upon them,-let them do this, gone 1" I have seen it take Confucius and a great revival of religion among down from his lofty pedestal, and con- themselves will follow, and a forward vert the proud Confucianist into a movement, such as I have referred to, humble disciple of the lowly Nazarene. will become inevitable. It will come The experiment has been made in with a rush and nothing will be able China, and there, as here, Jesus Christ to stop it. The hearts of God's people is proving Himself to be the Son of will go out in intense longings for God and the Savior of men. the salvation of men, and they will And what do we want now? We never rest till the Christ shall see of want a good forward movement; and travail of His soul and be satisfied.

that not in connection with one society The reSGurces of the Church are only, but in connection with all the boundless. Let the mind of the societies; not in one hemisphere only, Church be brought into a line with the but in both hemispheres; not on behalf mind of God and nothing will be of China only, but on behalf of the found to be impossible.

whole heathen world. We want a I am sometimes called an optimist.

movement that shall be worthy of the I have no objection to being so called.

age in which we live, worthy of onr- I have yet to learn what good pessi-

mism has accomplished in this world address was presented to him and of ours. If the Christians of America appropriate words of congratulation had seen the great things which God and appreciation of his eminent serhas wrought in China during the past vices in China during the last half cenfifty years they would be optimists, tury were spoken by Rev. Henry C. too. I can not think of the great Mabie, D.D., of the Baptist Missionchanges that have taken place in China ary Cnion; Mr. Robert E. Speer of since I landed in Shanghai on the 24th the Presbyterian Board, and Mr. John R. Matt of the Student Volunteer of September, r8ss, and of the prog- Movement. A letter was also read from Bishop Roots of China. In reress of the work during this period, ply Dr. John spoke for nearly an hour, without asking with wonder and showing no signs of physical weakgratitude, What hath God wrought! ness, notwithstanding his protracted I do not feel discouraged, I can not illness and his seventy-six years of feel discouraged. I am returning to age. He gave a brief sketch of his China much stronger in faith than life-work in China, dwelling especially when I first went. My motto is still: upon the wonderful progress which' "Expect great things from God; at- has been made in recent years and the tempt great things for God." But my wide field of opportunity at the present expectations are much greater to-day time. He said, "I would like to live than they were fifty years ago. I have fifty years if it were only the will of never found it so easy to believe in the Heavenly Father, to see the won- Christ's healing, uplifting, redeeming derful changes that are sure to take power. place in China during the next half century." He spoke with great feeling May I ask for an interest in the of the volume of prayer which Ind prayers of God's people in this land. been going up from Christian lands in Do not forget your missionaries at the his behalf, especially from Christians throne. We must never forget that of ;Vales, which he calls "the most the great doer is God, and that with- beautiful land in the world," and he out His blessing our work must be a added that all of Wales had been praydead failure. "Not by might, nor by ing for him during the entire period power, but by my spirit, saith the Lord of his labors in China. of hosts." The missionaries in China have never needed the prayers of All who were present to share in this God's people in the home-lands more interesting and historic reception went than now. "Brethren, pray for us." away with the feeling that we had been greatly blessed by the privilege of look- Farewell Reception to Dr. John ing in the face of one of the greatest living missionaries and the foremost On the afternoon of November 6th, missionary in China, and listening to representatives of nine of the foreign his eloquent words so full of simple missionary societies with headquarters faith and hope in the power of Christ in Boston and New York, visi.ted this to draw all men in that vast Empire veteran missionary at the home of his to Himself. son in Yonkers, where he has been spending a year to regain his health. At this time a beautifully engrossed A MILLION A YEAR BY REV. CHARLES L. THOMPsoN, D.D., NEW YORK, Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions Not a million dollars a year, tho Why Do They Come?

that would be interesting and, in these Why are so many foreigners coming days, is attained so frequently as to to us, and especially from the countries raise a great many problems and pro- above noted?

ject some important questions. But a There is a push and a pull, but by million people a year is far more in- far the greater force is the pull. When teresting, far more suggestive, and there is pressure in any part of the Old raises more interesting and perhaps World,-famine, political unrest, or more serious problems. revolution,-that sends people toward Our country is somewhat used to these quiet and prosperous shores; but dealing with people. From the first on the whole that which more than founding till now there has been a anything else has determined the flood- steady flow, but the flood of people tide of immigration is the economic coming in during the last decade is conclition of our own country.

something new, and raises in the minds In hard times the tide sinks; in pros- of all thinking people the question, perous times it rises. Our present "What will be the effect upon our na- great prosperity has rolled it up to tionallife of such a tremendous influx practically a million a year, this year of foreign elements?" probably considerably more than a mil- Hitherto they have come in a meas- lion.

ure that could be easily assimilated, Whither are they going when they but whether the digestive powers of have passed through the gate of Ellis the country are great enough to take Island? This question is now engaging a million a year is now before the ollr statesmen and our students of country. social economics.

They come from everywhither. The A large percentage of them gather Orientals would come if they had a in Ollr great cities and remain there, chance. The Occidentals are coming struggling for a living in the already from all the countries of Europe and overcrowded conditions of city life.

from some of the countries of Asia. J'vlany go to the mining regions of, Perhaps the most suggstive fact con- Pennsylvania, Vest Virginia, and cerning our immigrants relates to the farther west. A small proportion of fact that nearly three-fourths of them them, alas, by far too small a pro- during the last year or two have come portion! go to till the Western lands.

from Austria-Hungary, Italy, and The question of distribution is a Russia. question at which the government is The rapid rise of the immigration now taking a hand. A million a year from those three countries is pheno- could be easily assimilated if properly menal. Thus in 1850 the immigration distributed. Texas, for example, from Italy was very small; last year could absorb a large part of them, but it reached the enormous figure of 230,- Texas received a year ago only a little 622. The immigration from Hungary more than two thousand. Nebraska began in 186I, and was very little for has room for many thousands, but Ne- the next nine years, but last year it braska received a year ago only four reached the grand total of 206,000.. thousand. Montana has boundless The immigration from Russia, which space and opportunities for work; it was practically nothing in the middle received two thousand. Oregon re- of the nineteenth century, last year ceived less than two thousand, and amounted to I 36,093. Washington less than seven thousand.

• From the Christlan Enaeavor Worlel. The Commissioner-General of Im- icans. Most of them are very anxious migration has devised a plan to estab- to learn the laws, customs, and institu- lish a division of information whose tions of our country; and, if their purpose shall be to place the immigrant moral and religious training shall keep coming to this country in a place pa~e ~vith their training in the primary where he is needed. The government pnncIples and responsibilities of our is now gathering information regard- national life, instead of being a peril ing the resources and products of to us they will become a blessing. For every State and Territory, preparatory we must not forget that it is immigra- to publishing it in different languages tion that has made us, that our country so that it may be placed in the hands has become strong by the union of the of the aliens as soon as they land, and diverse elements of European nation- may help them to choose a place for alities.

their homes. No one can watch them with an ilil- State .. Promoters" telligent and sympathetic interest as they pour through the gates at Ellis The plan further provides that the Island without knowing that they have States will be permitted to send to the in them, for the most part, the making immigrant stations agents who shall of good citizens. With the restric- be given access to all newly admitted tions now put upon immigration, it will aliens. These official promoters will be our fault if they fail to become such.

point out the special inducements for Indeed, by a law recently passed they settlement offered by the respective will not become citizens at all until States. they have gone through a course of Having received them and having training to fit them for that preroga- located them as intelligently as may be, tive.

what can we do for this million a year We have been too free in extending that they may become intelligent and franchises to unlettered foreigners. We useful American citizens? have placed the unlettered man who The legislatures of Pennsylvania has just entered our gates on an equal- and New Jersey have recently passed ity at the ballot-box with the most in- bills authorizing State support to eve- telligent man in the country. Un- ning schools for the study of English doubtedly this was one of the reasons in non-English-speaking labor camps why such an outcry has been raised and communities. These schools are against immigration and there has to be opened on request of twenty been so strong a demand for increased adults who wish to avail themselves restriction.

of their privileges. According to the Last fall a federal naturalization law petitions now coming in to the author- was enacted, by the terms of which ities of Pennsylvania no less than two naturalization hereafter will require hundred schools will be called for in five years of unbroken residence in the that State alone. The example of United States, the application for these States is likely to be followed by citizenship to be made in -English by others, as New York, Ohio, Connecti- the alien personally present and ad- cut, and Illinois. dressing the court in English verbally, The difficulty, of course, as in all and signing the application in presence work among foreigners, will be to se- of the court.

cure properly qualified teachers to As a matter of fact, the best place teach the people of these various lan- to apply restrictive measures will be guages and nationalities. Yct the at the points of embarkation on the difficulty must be overcome. Nothing otlier side of the water. Governments is more" important than that these peo- like Italy, loath to lose their citizens ple should be taught the rudiments of as rapidly as they are now losing them, our civic life. will be glad to co-operate with any They can be trained to be Amer- well-concerted efforts of our govern~

A MILLTON A YEAR

ment to prevent the embarkation of a chance to hear the Gospel in the undesirable people. This will be better tongue in which he was born. than to turn them back after they have For this purpose it is necessary to crossed the ocean. secure preachers who are capable of What to Do With Them this work. This presents one of the difficult parts of the situation. Our But now, once within our gates, theological seminaries should take a what shall we do with them? hand in this work, and train up young They are quick to respond to loving men of large sympathies and large hearts and linguistic acquirements sympathy. They are very much like necessary for reaching these people. ourselves. Vhat moves us will move them; what interests us will interest Lay workers should also be trained for this service. Among the foreignthem. speaking peoples thus might be found Nothing is more suggestive and young men who, with no purpose of hopeful than the atmosphere of kind- becoming ministers and no intellectual ness and consideration which now per- training sufficient to fit them for it, vades the administration at Ellis Island. The strangers are well taken would give part of their time to act care of there. It becomes the Chris- as Bible-r~aders who would influence tian duty of our country to take care toward the Christian faith the men and of them when they have left that is- the boys from our shops and mines.

land and become an integral part of And then Christian literature in the our country. tongues of the foreign-speaking peo- ples should be everywhere developed, As in all populations, but pre-emi- and colporteurs be employed to disnently in the foreign populations, the tribute it. most hopeful field is in the children.

It is difficult to make thorough Amer- .. Undigested Securities" icans or thorough American Chris- tians of the adult population coming These phases are some of the ways hither. The children can be easily in which the State and the Church reached. As a friend of the public may work together for the solution of school system, however, and as one the problem. A great financier has having faith in its capacity to develop made us familiar with the phrase "un- Americanism, I would say that Erst of digested securities." These foreigners all adequate provision should be made are our "undigested securities." On in the public school system for all our ability to digest them depend the chidren of foreigners. health and normal action of a large In addition to these, mission schools part of the body politic.

conducted by the mission boards of the :Hany of the denominations are do- various denominations would be of im- ing something toward establishing mense advantage and would be the missions among them, by which the most direct means of influencing for- young shall be gathered into schools eign communities. and Sunday-schools, and the people The principal work, however, of the shall be brought to a knowledge of t:hurch is through evangelistic agen- Christian truth and morality through -.:ies. Here is the chance to do foreign- the messengers who can speak to them mission work on American soil, and in their own tongue.

it must therefore be conducted in prac- But how inadequate thus far is the tically the foreign-mission way. The provision which the churches are ma- foreigners' own language must for the king in this regard! They have not present, at least, be employed as the realized the gravity nor the hopeful- vehicle for conveying Bible truth. To ness of the situation. The work of this end wherever they are segregat~d Christian bodies has hitherto been mission stations should be established sporadic rather than systematic and in sufficient numbers to give everyone persistent. There has been no serious

endeavor to deal with it as a problem foreign elements into the body politic. and try to compass it. All the churches There is no need of becoming pessihave work among foreigners, but it has been determined by the local con- mistic about immigration. Let us keep ditions and needs which have appealed our doors open. Along that road has to Christian people here and there. come our greatness. Let us have a That, however, is very different from dignified confidence in the power of an intelligent view of the whole situa- our institutions and our Christianity tion and a campaign intended and to continue the process which has adapted to solve the whole problem. made the strength of the republic. If we are true to our principles, we shall We have reached a point in the im- be equal to any strain that mzcy be put migration question where it must be upon them. What we need is not solved broadly, philosophically, and more bars to keep foreigners out, but by the combination of all forces-civic, more laborers to work with them and social, moral, and religious-to bring teach them how to gather the harvest about the healthy assimulation of all of American and Christian liberty.

THE PRESENT CRISIS IN JUDAISM * BY J. 1. LANDSMAN.

Russia is passing through a great thick shell of perversions and super- crisis, and it is, perhaps, too early yet stitions; and without exercising dis- to foretell the final issues that this crimination they have thrown over- crisis will bring about. There is re- board the kernel as well as the shell. volution in Russia, and there is also This heart-estrangement has but re- revolution in Russian Jewry. Old cently become apparent. During the foundations and institutions, ancient old regime they still felt constrained beliefs and practises are being swept to show some kind of veneration for away by the revolutionary tide that the existing religious usages; and so has flooded almost every part of the the revolution came upon them with Russian empire, and has also affected the intoxicating joy of the longed-for the six millions of.Jews living in Rus- liberty gained at last, and with a tensia. The Jewish religion has been dency to throw off all bonds of exfor a long time losing its hold upon ternal authority-be they political or the younger generation-especially religious. They have openly turned upon those who have had an opportun- their back on religion, and thus reity to come into contact with modern vealed that their hearts were prepared culture and civilization. These young long ago for this conflict. people could not understand the mean- . But not religion only, other Jewish ing of the thousand-and-one religious interests, too, have greatly suffered. observances and petty restrictions put Who has not witnessed with astonishon them by the Jewish religion, ham- ment and great expectations the napering them 'in every step they were tional movements among the Jews in ready to take in life, and separating Russia, the renaissance of the Hebrew them by an iron wall from the people language and its literature, the growin the midst of which they had to live. ing interest in the national worthies, The aversion they felt to the mean- and the introduction of necessary reingless ceremonies and silly legends forms-especially the reform of the of the Rabbis, they afterwards trans- antiquated educational methods? But ferred to religion itself-to that kernel where are they now-the large pubof Divine truth which still is to be lishing societies which vied with each found in Judaism, tho hidden under a other in pouring out large numbers o£ 'From TheScatter~a Nation (Ipndon.)

PRESENT CRISIS IN JUDAISM

books, representing almost every de- as long as the memory of these awful partment in literature? Where are the outrages upon humanity are still fresh many daily papers in Hebrew which with them, we can not expect them to sprang up so rapidly, one after the be very accessible to Christian preach- other? vVhere the magazines and the ing of the Gospel. We must learn weeklies? They have all disappeared afresh the great lesson that by our own –all swept away by the magic stroke power we can accomplish nothing. We of the revolution. No papers, no ma- are brought into the valley of humilia- gazines, no books; the publishers have tion, where we have to be humbled become bankrupt, and the authors are and made conscientious of our entire going a-begging. The whole movec dependence upon God.

ment seems to have beeen artificial, Our difficulties in the work are for it had no roots in the soul of the many and great, and we shall not over- nation; therefore, when the day came, come them except the Lord be with when people could not afford the lux- us. It is by the power of the blood ury of a Hebrew paper or book, the of the Lamb–the blood of Christ, that so-called Hebrew literature ceased to speaketh better things than the blood exist. And Zionism itself-that of Abel-that we shall be able to over- mighty movement which has made so come Israel's unbelief, and her enmity much noise about itself and attracted toward Christ, for His blood is the the world's interest-that movement is, only power that can break the most for the present, almost dead in its own heardened heart and heal the most homeland, Russia; and if being dead, deadly wound. But it will also de- or in a state of dying among the Jews pend not a little upon the word of our in Russia, then it has very little hope testimony, whether it shall be a testi- for longevity elsewhere. This is the mony in the demonstration of power present Jewish crisis. and of the Holy Spirit-a testimony The influx from Russia to London which is the immediate fruit of our is considerable and estrangement from daily communion with the Lord, and religion is growing here, too, more the evergrowing experience of His appalling day by day. We have no- saving and keeping grace.

ticed a falling off in the attendance at But our victory will also to a large our Mission house, and are sometimes degree depend upon 'the spirit of self- inclined to blame ourselves, but we sacrifice manifested in our work and in must not keep out of sight the real our life. The Jew is a keen critic. He cause which is the alienation of the will never believe in words except the masses of our Jewish people from re- words are accompanied by correspond- ligion. Religious questions cease to ing actions. Who is sufficient for such interest them more and more. It is a great work and heavy task? But not so much their animosity toward our sufficiency is of the Lord. He Christ as their indifference to religion alone is able to give us the needful that keeps them from visiting the Mis- sufficiency for the work He has sion. The burning question of the day called us to, and the victory we con- is for them, "Vhat shall I eat, and stantly pray and long for. 'vVe are how shall I amuse myself ?" If they therefore in great need of a chain of have no interest to visit the Syna- prayer around us, of fervent and con- gog, then we must not be surprised tinual prayer, for our poor scattered at their reluctance to visit the Jewish people, for the great and difficult Mission. work, and for the workers, that they Apart from this, we must bear in may be led on by our great Captain mind that at no time has the Jewish to victory, The Lord has in His great mind been so embittered against the love given us friends who carry the so-called Christian nations as is the cause of Israel on their hearts, and we case at present. The Russian massac- hope that their number will constantly res have created this sentiment, and increase,

EDITORIALS

CHRIST FOR THE WORLD out of all ~nroemgineanluiCnher, isetaiacnhs 50 000- only 'in This will largely take care of itself, 000 thirty when once He is what He should be to the individual, the family, and the years, leadmg one soul a year to salva- Church. Let Him be the true practical center to the inner circles, and they all tion, the aggregate result would be concentric, and He will become central to that larger circumference of the equal to the entire population now on human family. earth! Certain great facts need perpetual emphasis: 7. All the subtlety and strategy of 1. The Lord Jesus Christ, as Head the devil will therefore be used to deof the Church as a Body, accepts dependence upon the members of that feat missions or at least rob the work body, for cooperation. of all true inspiration. And, in our 2. The Church prospers most in proportion to activity in missions. Dif- day, his assault is from all quarters: fusion, not concentration, is the divine law of church life. Concentration ~keptical p~ilosophy undermining faith brings Babel; diffusion, the new Jerusalem. III EvangelIcal truth; practical selfish- 3. Poyerty, literally and spiritually, ness, absorbing even disciples in peris the result of selfish withholding; abundance and increase in every sense sonal ease and aggrandizement; extracomes of prayerful scattering. Provo vagant outlay for the sake of indulgxi: 24. 4. Missionary activity is the only ence and display, perverting money escape from dishonesty and robbery, to the world's ends; denominational both toward God and men. Stewardship implies an obligation. He that jealousy and rivalry, wasting resources gives not, steals. We ought to bear the infirmities of th~ weak. (Compare in sectarian warfare that are needed Ephes. iv: 28, Acts xx: 35, Rom. in a common campaign against the xv: I). foe; religious liberalism, widening the 5. The self sacrificing missionary is the very flower of family and church- ~a~es of salvation and making all relife-its highest product and proof, somewhat as unselfish love is the last ligIOns part of a scheme of evolution toward a final product; and, worse than all, a growing passionlessness in the Church-a practical indifference to spiritual things.

8. A consequent limitation of Divine Power. Power in the material realm is the mere result of energy: in the moral realm, it demands cooperation.

Hence the power of God depends for results on man's openness to its inflow and outflow. He may block its channel or hinder its fulness and force. He may be a dead sea or a living spring, a stagnant ~ool or a flowing stream.

and highest revelation of God. (I THE AIM OF THE MASTER John iv.) God's glory is impartation. It has been eloquently said that the As Life He creates; as Light He il- Lord Jesus came to earth "not to found lumes ; as Love He redeems. a new religion, but to establish a new 6. The problem of a world's evange- relationship." There have been found- lization can be solved only by individ- ers of religion, more than once, like ual activitv. Our Lord seems to hint Mohammed and Buddha and Joseph this in Matth. xiii. If the "seed" in the Smith, and there are likely to be more.

first parable is the Word of God, it is But Christ alone has introduced man in the second, the children of the king- into a new relationship with God. And dom. And a thirty, sixty, an hundred- it is the supreme attraction of all mis- fold increase, suggests that if every sions at home and abroad that a true believer during lifetime should but be preaching of the Gospel does lift men the means of leading thirty souls to into a higher level and establish this Christ, the whole population of the new harmony between God and man, globe would be speedily overtaken. If, The portrait of Dante, painted upon the walls of the Bargello, at Florence, CHRISTMAS DAY IN MANY LANDS for many years was supposed to have SUNSHINE AND SHADOWS, IN THE LIVES OF utterly perished. But an artist, de- MISSIONARIES termined to find it again, went into the ARTICLES WRITTEN ESPECIALLY FOR "PROGRESS" BY MISSIONARIES IN BRAZIL, palace where tradition said it had been CHINA, AND JAPAN, TELLING How HATS painted. The room was then a store- WERE USED INSTEAD OF STOCKINGS, house for lumber and straw, the walls OF ENTERTAINMENTS FOR NATIVE covered with dirty whitewash. The CHILDREN, AND WHERE THE DAY PASSED WITHOUT heaps of rubbish removed, he cleansed ANY CHRISTMAS FES- the whitewash from the wall, and out- TIVITIES, lines and colors began to reappear, un- For instance, a delightful letter told til at last the face of the poet again was how in Para, Brazil, having no fire- revealed. Christ came to restore the places, they used hats instead of defaced, but not effaced, image of God stockings. Other messages from inman. China and]apan told how stockings were hung on clothes-lines; how a A SUGGESTION AS TO CHRISTMAS busy physician spent the day, and how a sweet old lady passed her c.,Mr. Allan Nicholson, at Union, S. thirtieth Christmas in China without made a unique experiment. He any other reminder of Christmas is the editor of a country weekly, than the recollection of the visit of and tried what a secular paper could the Wise Men as she went about do to arouse interest in missionaries telling the "old, old story."

and their work. About a half col- Some 7,000 or more persons, who umn was devoted, for one or two rarely if ever see a missionary mag- issues, to the sacrifices, trials, dis- azine, and others who would not comforts, and discourageme~ ts en- read, or feel interested in them, both dured by those who leave country read and enjoyed these letters, and and kin on God's errand. thus came into more intimate con- The editorials (in November is- tact with mission workers, and be- sues) closed with appeals to those came more interested in such labors. who admire heroism to send these And the remote result-who can men and women at least a few lines say what that will be?

of good cheer to reach them before Many another country editor Christmas, with the assurance of might follow a like plan, if made to prayerful interest, making conspicu- see that it will both brighten the ous the names and addresses of all lives of those who have sacrificed workers sent out by the Southern much, and prove an interesting, denominations represented in the unique, and helpful feature in his territory covered by the paper-the paper.

list alone making a profound impres- EXPENSIVE INDULGENCES sion as to the number of persons from the South, laboring in mission The late Dr. Arthur Mitchell used fields. to say to business men: "Some of you The editor set the example of drive a missionary down town every writing personal. letters to Presbyte- morning with your carriage and rian missionaries. Then it occurred team." More than once this quaint to him to ask those to whom he way of putting it led the owner of an wrote for contributions to a sym- expensive turnout to set up a mis- posium on "How I spent Christ- sionary also. It might be well for rnas." Christian disciples who find them- Many responses came, and all the selves able to own automobiles, and letters were published under a run them and keep them in repair, double-column heading, occupying and hire chauffeurs, to ask how many more than six columns: missionaries they could keep every

year with what this machine costs. It become almost Christianized, is still is certainly fair at least to allow the Master's claims to compete with those rankly heathen, except for a small per- centa~e of the. population which only of our convenience and self-indulgence. the mmd of faith can invest with con- quering pow~r. !he overwhelming THE MISSION CALL TO MEN and, at first Sight, Immovable and im- pregnable heathenism of mission lands The Church has long been accused is a challenge to the churches. of "playing at missions," and this great This big task calls for large mea- sures. The brains which have created work has been too often looked upon the vast commercial enterprises of the as the business of women and children. The laymen's movement is at twentieth century must attack this work with equal adequateness. This last taking hold as it should for pre- undertaking is too great to be maineminently missionary work calls for men-men as workers, men as advis- tained ?n a basis of pretty, pathetic, or herOIc stories, adapted to arouse the ers, men as supporters. This great interest and sympathy of women and trust calls for the best powers of the children. Unless it be established on ripest masculine judgment. Mr. Wil- a firm basis of principle and purpose, liam T. Ellis, the journalist who made by men who have the vision and coura recent tour of the missionary world, age and resourcefulness to plan tredeclares that he is more 'than ever a mendo.us!y and persist unfalteringly, believer in foreign missions, altho his the mIssIOnary work that the condiunderstanding of the enterprise has tions imperatively demand can not be successfully accomplished. One is radically altered. Without depreciat- made indignant, and almost disgusted, ing the work contributed by women, to behold the two-penny character of he avers that "this is no work for the a work that is designed to transform exclusive interest of women and chil- nations. More than once while on the dren" ; the time has come for "men to mission-field I was tempted to write come to their own." Mr. Ellis says in to the laymen of America: "Either the Chicago Interior: do the job or chuck it; don't play at it."

Here is a field for the exercise of the It is astonishing how men who prolargest abilities possest by the ablest fess to be followers of Christ can men of Christendom; and the nature ignore His great commission to tqe of the situation at present is that if the Church. It is time that men either men of the churches do not enter into renounced their allegiance' to God or their proper inheritance, the biggest enlisted themselves and their money task to which they could lay their in carrying out His orders.

hands will languish, and they themselves will miss the opportunity of ages. HATRED OF THE JEWS Up to the present, foreign mission Benjamin Disraeli (Lord Beacons- work has been a mere reconnaissance field) who had witnessed the exclusion in force, and not a war. One of the of Jews from the House of Commons hurtful delusions of the home churches and had found his own Israelite des- concerning foreign missions is that the cent an almost insuperable bar to ad- whole heathen world is on the verge vancement, vigorously exposes the of conversion to Christianity. The un- disabilities to which the Hebrew race welcome fact is that heathendom, as had been so long subjected in Chris- a whole, has scarcely been budged by tian Europe. He reminds us that the missions. Great as have been the mis- Saxons, Slav and Celt have adopted sionary triumphs in spots, the whole most of the laws and many of the cus- mass has hardly been touched by the toms of the Jews, together with all Christian teachings. Even enlightened their literature and religion, indebted, Japan, which many believe to have therefore, to the Israelites for much that regulates, charms and solaces ex- by an inferior." He adds that all tenistence. The toiling multitude rest dencies of the Jewish race are conserevery seventh day by virtue of a J ew- vative. Their bias is toward religion, ish law; they are perpetually taught by property and natural aristocracy. It the records of Jewish history; singing is for the interest of the stat~smen the odes and elegies of Jewish poets. that this bias should be encouraged, Yet, when Disraeli wrote, the Saxon, and their energies and creative powers the Slav and the Celt were accustomed enlisted in the cause of the existing to treat that race as the vilest of gene- social order.

rations; and to inflict upon them every term of obloquy and every form of THE JAPANESE IN KOREA persecution. But for the Jews of Pa- lestine the good tidings of our Lord According to a Japanese writer- would have been unknown forever to Adachi Kinnosuke-his fellow coun- the northern and western races. The trymen ;ere "carrying things with a first preachers and historians of the high hand in Korea." He compares Gospel were Jews. No human being their aggressive and despotic policy has ever written under the inspiration there with the way of the Americans of the Holy Spirit except a Jew. It in dealing with the Indians, and of was a Jew of Tarsus, who founded the Britain with the Hindus, and of Rus- seven churches of Asia. Disraeli con- sia with the Tartars and Chinese, etc.

cludes that the dispersion of the Jewish Nippon has, he thinks, joined the ranks race, preceding as it did for ages the of the "civilized" powers, and has lis- advent of our Lord, could not be for tened to the "logic of necessity," and is conduct which occurred subsequent to reaching out for more territory to keep his nativity. up her "civilization" and prestige. He say~: "The creative genius of Moreover, he thinks that no less a Israel, on the contrary, never shone so game is in pursuit than a triple alli- bright; and when the Russian, the ance between the United States, Great Frenchman and Anglo-Saxon, yield Britain and Japan-constituting a tri- themselves to the full spell of a Mozart bunal strong enough to dictate terms or a Mendelssohn, it seems difficult to to the Far Orient, and (Iefy even Ger- comprehend how these races can per- man Kaiser and Russian Czar. If to secute a Jew." He also refers to the bag this larger game, it i" necessary to futility of persecution in the case of the let Korea go, like a cat out of the bag, Jew. "Egyptian Pharaohs, Assyrian it will be done. At the same time, the kings, Roman emperors; Scandina- Japanese hope to keep what they have vian crusaders, Gothic princes and holy and get more; for the Korean ques- inquisitors have alike devoted their tion has roots reaching back seventeen energies to the fulfillment of this centuries, to the invasion and conquest common purpose. Expatriation, exile, of the Hermit Kingdom by the Em- captivity, confiscation, torture on the press Jingo, in 20r A.D. Controversies most ingenious and massacre on the have been going on, with a series of most extensive scale, and a curious defeats, until the Chinese war of thir- system of degrading customs and de- teen years ago reestablished !T'l.pan- basing laws which would have broken ese prestige. Five attempts have been the heart of any other people have been made, in the three years from 1868 to tried in vain! The Jews, after all this r871, to open friendly Il(,~otiations havoc, are probably more numerous with Korea; but in vain: in t<1e last in- than during the reign of Solomon the stance the Koreans contemptuously Wise, are found in all lands, and pros- burned the historic hall in Seoul, where pering in most. All which proves that the embassies had been received: and it is in vain for man to attempt to only by force was the resident consu- baffle the inexorable law of nature, late established at Fusan in 1872.

which has decreed that a superior race We have not space to follow the his- shall never be destroyed or absorbed toric thread further, but to show that Japan's work in Korea is not wholly to tarian and other liberals, and as such be regretted, or without good results. held meetings in London, Amsterdam Mr. Kinnosuke adds the testimony of and Geneva. Now the name Unitwo occidentals. Dr. J. Hunter Wells, tarian is dropt, but the directors rea Christian missionary £n Korea, main substantially as before. But now speaking of the present condition of on its vice-presidential staff appear such men as Rev. Drs. Lvman Abbott the country, says: A. H. Bradford, C. E. Jefferson, Phili~ S. Moxon, T. T. Munger, Josiah There are those who, from a political Strong; Presidents Faunce, Harris, standpoint, see fit to criticise Japan some- Hyde, Seelye, Slocum, Taylor and what on her work in Korea, but I do not Thwing; and Doctor Gordon of Boston see how anyone interested in the progress is on the executive committee. The of the Gospel or the extension of Christ's movement is designed to "open com- • kingdom can do anything but thank Japan munication with those in all lands for helping along the good work. . . . As who are striving to unite pure religion to the improvements in roads, water-works, and perfect liberty, and to increase education, hospitals, police, reform in the fellowship and cooperation among palace and locally, in financial reforms, them." The I3ritish and foreign memcodification of laws, mining, emigration and bers of the Congress include many encouragement of industries, the official re- distinguished representatives of uniports show that great good is being done versities and churches of various for the country and her people. names-Unitarian, Dutch Reformed, Baptist and others. Departmental Dr. W. B. Scranton stated his im- meetings, supplementing the general sessions, deal with a large and choice pression of Japan's work in Korea as list of subjects. Confederation is one of the watchwords of our day, and follows: if union can be secured without undue concession of fundamental truth it is I t only needs a short trip to Fusan or to to be devoutly desired. Pyeng-yang to see for one's self what would be evident to anybody but a blind DR. JOHN'S FAREWELL man-increased trade; the busy little towns starting up; the school-boy with his school In this number we print Dr. Griffith cap and bag of books; forest culture, so John's farewell message to America. necessary in this land of clean-shaven hills; After two years rest he is able to reexperimental farms. This last sight, good turn to China to spend the remainder for the eyes of conscientious observers, is of his life in building up the Church enough to gladden any but a chronic of Christ there. One plan very much grumbler, and stop the cavilling of some on Dr. John's heart is that for a bookwho ask, and never look to see, what is shop at Hankow where books and being done for Korea by her neighbors. tracts may be sold and scattered Exact and practical teaching is what Korea throughout all central ancl western needs most, and it is just what she is get- China. Hankow is a l110st important ting from Japan. . . . Seoul was a city center and it is difficult to overestimate of officials, and office-seekers, and hangers- the va5t influence of such a shop; wellon. To-day it is a city of students, business stocked and efficiently conducted. bustle, and enterprise. What Korea could Fifty years of service in China has not do before, on her own initiative, and convinced Dr. John of the need. He would not do on the advice of her friends, returns to complete the gift of his life is now being done for her, before h~r very to China and asks American friends to eyes, in her own land, and by a neighbor. They refused to lead. They now have the help furnish the needed funds. * privilege of following. * Contributions will be received for this purpose ARE WE TENDING TOWARD LAXITY? by the R=VIEW or may be sent to the secret~ry of It is barely possible we are drifting the Central China Tract Society~ Hankow, Ch1na. toward laxity in seeking to cultivate liberality, and in some cases the line which separates them is but a narrow one. In the Fourth International Congress of Religious Liberals, at Boston, in September, a distinct broadening of the membership was clearly perceptible. This congress was forned seven years ago, known then as the International Council of Uni- GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE AMERICA How Some Missionaries are Supported A Chair of Missions at Cambridge Says the Missionary Herald: A friend in Connecticut sends $1,000 for About two years ago the alumni of work under Rev. H. G. Bissell, of Inthe Episcopal Theological School at dia, having been deeply stirred by his Cambridge asked the faculty and trus- address at the annual meeting. The tees to suggest something that the money has been set aside for a pleasure Alumni Association might do to in- trip, but was given up under the concrease the efficiency and usefulness of viction that it could better be used in the school. Among other things, the the Lord's work in India. One of our establishment of a chair on the history corporate members agrees to assume of religion and missions was suggested. the entire support of two missionaries, The proposition commended itself to including not only salary but expense the association and through a com- of outfit and journey to the field. It mittee it immediately set to work to is a very unusual offer; but perhaps secure the necessary money for endow- the most delightful thing about it is ment. About $IO,oOO have been prom~ that the missionaries will be his own ised. In addition the salary of a pro- children, a daughter to go out under fessor has been guaranteed for three the Woman's Board, and a son under years. The trustees have elected the the American Board. In all, six per- Rev. Philip M. Rhinelander, Profes- sons have recently offered to support sor of Pastoral Theology in Berkeley one or more missionaries. Divinity-school. Mr. Rhinelander has accepted and began his work in Sep- " Every Member Churches"

tember. The Missionary Intelligencer, the The Virginia Theological Seminary organ of the Foreign Christian Mis- sionary Society (Disciples), prints a has had a chair of missions for several communication from a correspondent years past, worthily "filled by the Rev. who reports every member of his R. K. Massie, sometime one of the church contributing for missions, and Church's missionaries in China. Cam- suggests the formation of a class of bridge and Alexandria will thus be the "every member churches." A great only theological schools in the Church name and a greater suggestion. How having distinct missionary depart- many Baptist churches are included in this class? There ought to be no other ments, tho some instruction conc.ern.ing class. Ours should be an "every mem- ber" and "every church" denominamissions is given in most semmanes. tion. This is our ideal, and every pas- -Spirit of Missions. tor should keep it before his church continually. A .. Protracted Meeting" for Missions China Centennial Fund A meeting in the interest of foreign missions was held in the First Presby- The China Centennial Commission terian Church of Staunton, Va., Sep- of the Board of Foreign Missions autember 29 to October 6, with Secre- thorized by the Methodist General tary S. H. Chester in charge and Missionary Committee to appeal to several missionaries among the speak- the Church during this Centennial ers. Every address was strong and year for a thank-offering of $300,000, deeply interesting. Dr. Chester sp,?ke is able to report very substantial progon the conditions of success in foreIgn ress. Toward the $300,000 sought mission work, and on the redemption by the Commission there is in hand of China, Japan and Korea. Dr. Hen- in cash and good pledges approximatederlite's subjects were, "Why I am ly $180,000. During this year the going back to Brazil," "Why I am not Woman's Foreign Missionary Society going back to Brazil," and "The Eff.e~~ also is seeking a special thank-offering on you if I do not go back to BrazIl. At the last meeting on Sunday, Dr. Chester gave an account of the "Lay- men's Movement." gift of $roo,ooo for work in China, brief and pointed. There were ten and of this amount there is in sight in Congressmen present. One evening cash and good pledges $75,000. The was devoted to Christian work among extraordinary needs and opportunities the Indians and several denominations in China at present ought in them- were heard through their representaselves to be a sufficient stimulus to tives. Commissioner Leupp introgiving to complete these two notable duced several workers among the Infunds. However, a friend has made dians who gave graphic and instructive a written guarantee that if the $300,- views of what is being done by the 000 called for by the Commission, and Government to make the Indians selfthe $100,000 called for by the supporting and self-respecting. In- Voman's Foreign Missionary Society dians, Porto Ricans, and a Filipino are forthcoming, he will add $100,000 were heard in behalf of their own more, making a total of $500,000 in people.

all as Methodism's Centennial gift for La7men's Conference at West Point the progress of Christianity in Chi- na. The Woman's Foreign Missionary An all-day missionary conference Society may be trusted through zeal was held on Saturday, October 19th, and good works to complete its fund; when a party of laymen who are $120,000 additional is needed by the friends of missions were invited by Mr. China Centennial Commission to make E. E. Olcott to go to West Point and good its $300,000. conduct a missionary meeting in the The Indu..n Not Dying Out Post chapel. Two afternoon sessions were also held in the convention hall The idea is prevalent that the red on the steamer Hendrick Hudson, man is doomed to disappear from the during the return trip. Mr. Olcott, earth at no distant day. But the census President of the Albany Day Line, was tables give no such indication. The the moving spirit of the occasion, and first official count was taken about Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, presided at seventy years ago, and gave the num- two of the sessions.

ber as 253,461. In 1880 the figures There were about fifty people in the had risen to 256,127, in 1900 to 272,- party which included several members 073, and now, by actual count, the re- of Foreign Mission Boards, some re- servations are found to contain 284,- turned missionaries, and a number of 000. laymen.

Friends of Dependent People The first session of the conference began at 12 :45 in the chapel at West The Mohonk Conference this year Point. Dr. Zwemer presided and was one of the best of the series. there were six .brief addresses. Mr.

Now that the Indian problem has Morney Williams, a well-known law- been so largely simplified through the yer and the vice-chairman of the Lay- influence of the Mohonk Conferences, men's Missionary Movement, told of other dependent peoples are now in- the purpose of that movement to bring cluded. Of the six sessions two were home to every individual the fact that devoted to the Indians, one to the every man called to be a follower of Filipinos, one to the Hawaiians and Christ ought to feel his responsibility one to the Porto Ricans, while the last for his part of the Lord's work; for was divided among the people of the the evangelization at least of the non- plains and mountains in the West, and Christian world. Mr. Silas McBee, those on the Philippine archipelago. editor of the Churchman, Dr. J. Cleve- Albert K. Smiley introduced the land Cady, president of the National Hon. A. S. Draper, a Presbyterian Federation of Churches and Christian -elder of Albany, and the Commissioner Workers, and Rev. James Cochrane of Education of New York State, as of China were among the speakers.

presiding officer. The speeches were The second session of the conference

MiSSIONARY

was called to order by Dr. Zwemer in be a new thing under the sun for a the convention hall of the Hendrick committee consisting of a Baptist and Hudson. a Presbyterian, to go to a Methodist and solicit his larger support of the Both Dr. Zwemer and Mr. Olcott work of his own church. But this is referred to the meeting as the dedica- the sort of thing which men of all detion of the convention hall, and it nominations will experience in conseemed especially fitting that the meet- nection with this concerted effort. ing place on his new boat, with which the friends of missions are so closely Similar Men's Interdenominational identified, should be used for the first Meetings will be held in St. Louis, time for a missionary meeting. The November 18 and 19, Louisville, No- Rev. Dr. Abbott, a Congregational vember 22, Nashville, November 23 missionary from India, Dr. Oltmans of and 24, Memphis, November 25 and Japan, Rev. ]. H. Whitehead and Mr. 26, Knoxville, November 27, Atlanta, H. P. Anderson of the Students' Chris- November 29 to December I, Chartian Federation, and Dr. John G. Fagg lotte, December 2 and 3, Norfolk and spoke 'briefly. Richmond, December 4 to 6.

The Laymen at Work Cuban Confirmations During October representatives of From February to June Bishop the Laymen's Missionary Movement Knight confirmed more persons than visited the middle West and held mis- during the whole of 1906. He expects sionary meetings with some surpris- that the record for the year will be ing developments. One hundred of fully 100 per cent. better than that for Topeka's prominent business men the preceding year, and the same gathered for a dinner on October 19, figures are likely to hold true with reand after addresses by Mr. ]. Camp- gard to baptisms. At Matanzas the bell White and Mr. William T. Ellis, bishop recently confirmed 29 persons, of the Philadelphia Pr:ess, they took presented by the Rev. F. Diaz, whose up the subject of Topeka's relation to work at this important mission during Foreign Missions. It was found that the past six months has resulted in the churches have been contributing changing a situation full of difficulty between $7,000 and $8,000 a year for and possible failure into one of great foreign missions. A representative promise. At Macagua, a smaller place committee was appointed which pro- served from Matanzas, four were bapposed that this sum be increased three- tized and 31 confirmed, while at Colon, fold, or to $25,000, within the coming another point without a resident misyear. A hundred men heartily ratified sionary, the class numbered 9.-Spirit the proposition and have entered upon of Missions. the campaign to raise the amount, if possible, within sixty days. Religious Liberty in Peru At St. Joseph, the meeting was even It is not generally known that Peru more remarkable. It was reported is the last country ·in South America that the city, which has about 12,000 to throw open its doors to Protestant church members, gave last year $127,- missionary enterprise. Article IV. of 000 for home expenses and work, and the country's political constitution de- $12,000 for foreig:l work. The com- clares that Roman Catholicism is the mittee recommended that this amount religion of the State, and that the State be increased about four-fold, raising protects it, to the exclusion of the $50,000 within the year for the foreign public exercise of any other. The defield, and this was cordially endorsed mocratic spirit which revolted against by a large audience of men represent- the yoke of Spain and overthrew the ing all the churches. A committee of Inquisition at Lima has never been influential business men has under- able to throw off the religious bondage taken to organize the canvass. It will of Romanism and breathe the free air

of religious liberty. The restriction half of these missionaries have thus a and persecution against Protestantism ~peciallink with the homeland. There in Peru are worthy of the }JIiddle IS a net advance of 14 on last year's Ages, and prove Romanism to be the figures in the total number supported. same relentless foe of human liberty and intellectual freedom. Work of the China Inland MUaion Spanish evangelistic services are . A large and deeply-sympathetic au- held behind closed doors and with no dIence gathered in Holborn Town outward indication that the building is Hall, London, to bid Godspeed to a a place of worship. Bible colporteurs number of missionaries about to pro- have been imprisoned, persecuted, ceed to the Far East in connection mobbed and well-nigh done to death with the China Inland Mission. On by fanatical Catholics, for no other t~e card of invitation the names were offense than that of the circulation of gIVen of 30 workers who are return- the Holy Scriptures. Yet a spirit of ing after furlough, with those of 22 heroism is shown by these men. Last recruits, bringing up the total of toilers year, a native Evangelical church of t~ 875, ~he highest figure yet reached.

Lima, meeting in Vegeieros Hall, pro- 1 he fnut of the early years of pioneer vided five colporteurs for the E. F. E. effort is now beginning to be seen. In ° S., who circulated over I2,000 Scrip-' those days the laborer went forth to tures across an area of over 2,01 miles his toil not knowing whether he would on the great elevations of the Cordil- be honored dtuoeseseeatshoen,frouthit~rsb,uat tklneoawst-, leras of the Andes.-A. R. STARK. ing that in would enter into his labors. During EUROPE the first twentv vears of the mission's A Great Missionary Exhibition hJstory on.ly 2°,026 persons were bap- tlzed; dunng the next ten years about In connection with the work of the 6,000 more; while nearly 9,000 persons London Missionary Society, on whose were baptized during the last three rolls have appeared the names of many years alone; or to put the figures in of the greatest foreign missionaries another way, 11,800 have been bap- of modern times, 250 Congregational tized since the persecution of 1900: churches of Greater London have or- <901 ……………………… 428 ganized a great missionary exhibition 1902 …………………….. 1,026 to be held in June, I908. It is estimated 1903 … , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1,929 that an outlay of $20,000 will be in- 1904 …………………….. 2,476 volved and that 5,000 workers will be required to carry out the undertaking 1905 ….. , …………….. ;… 2,541 1906 …………………….. 3,600 successfully and efficiently, II,SoO The C. M. S. Roll of Honor China's Centenary in London This largest of all missionary bodies Twelve of the chief British Missionhas on its roll no less than I,385 men ary Societies united to ensure the sucand women at work in the foreign cess of a Great Centenary Meeting at field. Of this number it is inter- Albert Hall, on October 3I. It is now esting to know that 537 are supported one hundred years since Robert Morin whole or part as "own missionaries" rison went to China, and the centenary as follows: bv the colonial associations, coincides with a remarkable awaken- 57; by individual friends, I I7; by as- ing in that empire. It is hoped that sociations and unions, 297, including through this meeting, Christians at 14 by the Dublin University Fuh-Kien home would be roused to a sense of Mission; and by the Gleaners' Union their privileges and opportunities in and its branches, 52; in addition to the Far East, and the missionaries in which 14 wives are specially supported. the field be encouraged. The London Excluding wives, therefore, just over gathering was the second of a series,

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

the first being held ten days earlier at work has been prosecuted faithfully. N ewca~tIe-on- Tyne. There were I I Jewish inquirers under instruction, and of the 180 communi- The speakers were representative, and included some direct from the cants 32 were Jewish. 2,305 Scrip- Shanghai Conference. The Marquis tures and portions were sold, while of Northampton presided and there only 2 copies were given away. The was a large choir. Admission ,vas by income for 1906 from all sources was ticket only, and the occasion was one $26,693, to which should be added of great enthusiasm. $5,088 contributed by the Women's The Church of Scotland's Report Association for the Christian Educa- Tho the Established Church of Scot- tion of J ewesses, which contiuues to land is considerably outdone by the cooperate with the Assembly's com- United Free Church, it is able to re- mittee. port that it has about 100 Scottish and several hundred native workers in 8 Christianity and the Jews The Rev. J. F. de Ie Roi, a welJ- mission-fields of India, Africa, and known statistician, is authority for the China. Its steady progress and recent statement that in the century lately success are both remarkable. It has closed 224,000 Jews were baptized in about 1,000 baptisms annually, one half missions-a very good percentage in a of the baptized being adults. Last year total of 10,000,000. The percentage was a record year, for the baptized is I to 40, whereas that of heathen were 1,706. It was also a record year converts is I in 300. In England, on for catechumens, that is, persons under the continent of Europe, and in the instruction for baptism, for they con- United States, 750 Hebrews are now siderably exceeded 2,000. The income preaching the Gospel to Gentile con- for missions reached $223,900 last gregations, these congregations them- year. selves having once been of the "ancient Jewish Mission of the Church of Scotland faith." In the year 1800 there was not a single Jewish-Christian mission in The report of the Committee for the existence. To-day there are 32 in Conversion of the Jews to the General America, with some 80 workers; 28 Assembly of the Church of Scotland in Great Britain, with 481 workers; is interesting and encouraging. Two 20 elsewhere in Europe, with 40 workvacant stations, Alexandria and Con- ers, and 9 in other lands, with 47 workstantinople, have called in vain for ers-truly a remarkable showing as missionaries during the year and the the growth of a single century. urgent need of the work in Alexandria caused the convener, Prof. Nicol of A Moravian Anniversary Aberdeen, to visit that place and cheer On 21st of August the Moravian and aid the loyal workers there. The Church celebrated the I75th anniver- Girls' School at Salonica still suffers sary of the inauguration of its mis- from the opposition of the Jewish au- sionary enterprise. On that day in thorities which emptied it almost en- 1732 the two first missionaries set out tirely in March I906. According to on foot from Herrnhut to make their the latest intelligence a few of the J ew- way to the West Indies to preach the ish girls have returned and the teach- Gospel to the negro slaves. From that ers are hoping that ere long the school date the Moravian Church has lived will be filled with J ewesses again. In for missions. With the heroism of the ten schools of the Mission, located Christian love their missionaries have at Alexandria, Beyrout, Constantino- gone into all parts of the world, ac- ple, Salonica, and Smyrna, 2,336 cepting the most difficult tasks and scholars were enrolled, of whom 1,587 stooping to the lowest races. The last were Jewish. The medical work at quarter of a century of their work has Smyrna and Constantinople has been been very fruitful. During that time carried on steadily, and the evangelistic their mission fields have mUltiplied from 12 to 15; their princip~l ~tations abl~ c~mdition of this Society) and the from 99 to 131; their missIOnaries maJo~lty of them were highly educated.

from 144 to 206; ordained native pas- In V I~n~a one Jew was baptized by tors from 17 to 33; and baptized con- the missionary of the Berlin Jews'

verts from 74,535 to 94,402. Society.

Berlin Jews Society Protestantism in France Since 1822, the Berlin Society for Out of 28,000,000 people in France, Promoting Christianity amongst the there are about 650,000 Protestants. !his is a small proportion, and yet the Jews has faithfully done its work and mfluence of this body of Protestants its 85th annual report teems with in- upon the French nation can not be tere~ting items. Two years ago the acc~rately gauged by its size. Protest- SOClety employed a Persian Hebrew Christian, under the supervision of a antism stands for a certain freedom in the judgment and action that agrees missionary of the German Oriental well with the genius of the Republic, Mission, to preach the Gospel to his Jewish brethren. His report shows but does not consort with the ancient demands of the Church of Rome. the pitiful condition of these Persian Jews. There is very little knowledge At present in France, as also in of ~he Old Testament among ~he men, while the women are utterly Ignorant . Americ~, the hierarchy is slowly, and and very superstitious. Polygamy is frequent among these Jews, who are not Without considerable ftroictnioen~ striving to adjust its claims conditions and freer peoples. The end corrupted by the Mohammedans is not yet in sight. among whom they live. Drunkenness Within eight years, 1,000 Roman ~lso is prevalent, especially on th~ J ew- Catholic priests in France have left Ish Sabbath. The consequence is that their Church and ministry because of these Jews are very poor and are des- unbelief in the teachings of that pised by Persians and Syrian Chris- Church. These have not all become tians, who will not touch a piece of Protestants, but still they will be a bread offered by a Jew. The religious factor in the regeneration and disinservices of the missionary are well tegration of the Church of Rome. attended by Jewish men and women, The extent of the disaffection to- ward that Church in France may prowho gladly listen to the Gospel. • In Berlin, Posen, Vienna, the three bably nO.t be unfairly estimated by the older stations of the society the work compleXIOn of the National Legislawent on peacefully during 1906. The ture, that is able to pass by such large missionary in Vienna made two mis- majorities legislation so bitterly· opsionary journeys, the one into Hun- posed to the hierarchy. Rome is fightgary and Galicia, the other along the ing not against a few men, but against Danube into Rumania, where he met the very spirit of the age; and when it many open doors and found many has taken the race thousands of years Jews who gladly accepted a copy of to reach its present condition, it will the Christian tracts, tho many were in- take more than a fiat from Rome to different to their spiritual needs. In turn it back.

Bucharest about 200 Jews gathered to Russians Religious but not Moral hear an address from the missionary. A leading Italian sociologist has In Berlin alone 62 Jews applied for specified as a leading trait in the Rusbapti5m, 43 of whom were accepted sian his "religiosity" ; and a still more for il1struction, and 13 men and 10 recent writer has said: women were baptized during 1906, while 13 catechumens remained at the Russia produces the impression of a vast close of the year. All those baptized temple full of holy images, ikons, and burnwere self-supporting (self-support at ing candles, before which men and women the time of baptism being the remark- of all sorts and conditions, rich and poor, master and servant, prostrate themselves.

GENERAL MiSSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

Moscow, "the Holy City," is a vast oratory, rican Presbyterians had been at work where a million people are continually pray- for 74 years, chiefly among the Nesing in the temples, in the houses, in the torians, or Syrian Christians, in the taverns, in the streets and publIc squares. hope of ultimately reaching the Mo- The inhabitants continually interrupt their hammedans through them. He beoccupations for a hastily recited prayer~ a lieved the great battle between Chrissign of the Cross, a bow or genuflectIOn tianity and Islam would be fought in before every church and every ikon. In Persia. The Persians were more libespite however, of outward religiosity, the Rus;ian is lacking in religious sentiment.

Christianity has not yet penetrated the Rus- ral and simple than the Turkish Mosian masses. While accepting the cere- hammedans, and he had never exmonies of Byzantium, the Russian people perienced opposition or discourtesy have learned little of the ethical teachings from them. There were 400 Mohamof Christianity.

ASIA medan boys and girls in the mission schools. The open converts from Mo- Jews Flocking to Jerusalem hammedanism were not many, but they included men like the young Kurd In a letter from Jerusalem, dated physician, who always prayed in July 26, 1907, Mr. W. H. Dunn .refers Christ's name before treating a case, to the remarkable development 1ll the and the Sheikh, with 25,000 Kurds Jewish National Zionist movem.ent under him, who had been baptized and which took place in Jerusalem dunng who exercised a wonderful influence the 15 months he was in Engla?d. in his villages. Great numbers of Jews are returmng to Jerusalem, not for repentance or confession of sin, but simply because Dr. Hoskina in Syria they must go somewhere, and the Sul- Rev. Franklin E. Hoskins, D.D., has tan allows them to enter without let recently returned to Beirut, Syria, and or hindrance. In that short time no writes as follows: fewer than 5,000 Russian Jews landed "A struggling congregation at Had.- at Jaffa. These Jews are investing eth, six miles outside of Beirut, asked what money they have in buying land me to help complete their new church and buying or building houses. So building. They have done well themgreat is their activity that it is a matter of concern to the foreign residenters. selves, and need $125 to dedicate fr~e The Moslems, however, sell to them of debt. They are worthy of thIS amount of assistance. The Syria Mis! without demur. They believe this sion of the Presbyterian Church has. land really belongs to the Jews. The development in Jewish educa- called upon me to raise $1,000 for spe- cial needs in the publication of Arabic tion is also striking, and kindergarten schools are being opened for the chil- literature. I have $100 in hand, $200 dren. Hebrew is being taught and promised, and still need $700. T~ere is also a pressing need of the Amencan becoming a living language, and new Hebrew words are being formed so Bible Society in connection with the Arabic Bible. A lady in Chicago reas to make the old tongue useful for up-to-date usefulness. It is common cently sent me $1,000 toward the whole amount. At least $3,000 more will be to hear Hebrew spoken in the streets. necessary before we will be justified Missions in Persia in beginning the great four years'

Of late years the cause of missions task."* has had no more discriminating advo- Church Union in South India cate than the London Daily Times, a Rev. J. S. Chandler writes to the journal widely known as, probably the Missionary Herald: foremost newspaper in the world. . In a recent issue it gave an interestmg "Three years ago the churches conaccount of a meeting in London on be- nected with the American Board's half of missions in the Levant. Dr. • The editor of the REVIEW will be pleased to for- Cohen, of Urumia, said that the Ame- ward any gifts sent for Dr. Hoskins.

Madura and Ceylon Missions formed I. MURDER OF PARENTS: an ecclesiastical union with the Lon- (a) By Suttee.

don Missionary Society·s Travancore (b) By exposure on the banks of rivers and South India Missions, and thereby brought into one body I33,000 Indian (c) By burial alive. Case in Jodhpor~ territory, r860.

2. lYfURDER OF CHILDREN: Christians under the name, 'The Uni- (a) By dedication to the Ganges, to be ted Churches of South India.' This devoured by crocodiles. body held its second general assembly (b) By Rajpoot infanticide, West of in Madura last] uly, in which the four If!dia, Punjab, East of India. 3. HUMAN SACRIFICES: missions were represented by 60 vot- (a) Temple sacrifices.

ing delegates. (b) By wild tribes-Meriahs of the This union was confessedly prelimi- Khonds.

nary to a larger union with a similar 4. SUICIDE: (a) Crushing by idol cars.

body of Presbyterian Christians in (b) Devotees drowning themselves In South India, consisting of the churches rivers. of the Arcot Mission of the Reformed Church in America and of the South (c) Devotees casting themselves from India Mission of the Church of Scot- precipices.

(d) Leaping into wells-widows. (e) By Traga.

land and the United Free Church of S· VOLUNTARY TORMENT: Scotland. It is called 'The United (a) By hook-swinging. Church of South India.' (b) By thigh-piercing. (c) By tongue-extraction. A joint committee of these two (d) By falling on knives.

bodies, the United Churches and the (e) By austerities. United Church, had proposed an or- 6. INVOLUNTARY TORMENT: ganic union on a short and simple creed and a system of church polity (a) Barbarous executions. (b) Mutilation of criminals. (c) Extraction of evidence by torment.

that steered clear of unrestricted in- (d) Bloody and injurious ordeals. dividualism on the one hand and excessive centralization on the other. The (e) Cutting off the noses of women. scheme had been unanimously adopted 7. SLAVERY: (a) Hereditary predial slavery. (b) Domestic slavery.

by the United Church some time be- (c) Importation of slaves from Africa. fore, and two of their members, Dr. 8. EXTORTIONS: ]. H. Wyckoff and Rev. P. B. Ragavioh, appointed delegates to the as- (a) By Dharana. sembly in Madura~ These Presbyte- (b) By Traga. rian brethren were not only warmly received (an Indian would say 'with 9. RELIGIOUS INTOLERANCE: coolness of joy') by the assembly, but (a) Prevention of propagation of Chris- tianity.

(b) Calling upon the Christian soldiers to fire salutes at heathen festiva1s, etc., etc.

the proposition of union was ratified (c) Saluting gods on official papers.

unanimously and enthusiastically by (d) Managing affairs of idol temples. rising vote. ro. SUPPORT OF CASTE BY LAW: This action brings into one body (a) Exclusion of low castes from offimore than I50,000 Indian Christians ces. (b) Exemption of high castes from ap- in South India, and promises immedi- pearing to give evidence. ate results in the establishment of a (c) Disparagement of low caste.

united theological college in Banga- Two Colleges Become One lore." For years Calcutta has had no less than three rival Christian institutions British Reforms in India of learning-one cared for by the The following is the imposing list of Church of Scotland, one by the Free heathen customs, formerly prevalent Church, and one by the London Mis-· in India and sanctioned by Hinduism, sionary Society. But recently it has but abolished or reformed by Great been decided to unite the two Presby- Britain. It is worth noting again to terian colleges under the name Cal- see what Hinduism naturally involves: cutta Christian College. Mandarins Circulating Christian Litererure Examination Halls Defunct Who would have imagined a few Bishop Cyrus D. Foss writes: years ago that the time would be seen .. Few things we have seen in onr worldwhen high Chinese mandarins would girdling tour imprest us as much as the become agents for the distribution of old-time examination halls, which have been a distinctively Christian magazine? in existence for many centuries but which Yet such an apparent impossibility has now have no fnrther use. Before the birth come to pass. Dr. Timothy Richard, of Christ a system of examinations sprang Secretary of the Christian Literature full-fledged from the brain of one of the old emperors and has been in use through all Society for China, states in the Mis- the centuries, with but little modification. sionary Record of the United Free It was the only path to office in the empire, Church of Scotland that on occasion so 150,000 took the examinations every of a new series of the Chinese Weekly, year, altho only one in eleven passed. Two years ago it was entirely done away by the a magazine of useful knowledge inter- edict of the Emperor, and has given place spersed with Christian articles, he to examinations of a different sort, on wrote to several viceroys and gover- widely different topics. The old examinanors, asking them to order a goodly tions were chiefly on the writings of Con- fucius and Mencius, and required the can- number and circulate them among didate to be confined in a little cell for three days and three nights unless he sooner their subordinate mandarins and completed three essays on topics assigned. magistrates. In response the Governor of Manchuria ordered 200 copies; We saw in Fu-chau IO,OOO of these cells, arranged in long rows, covering six or the Governor of Shan-Si, 500; the eight acres of ground, each about four Provincial Treasurer of Shan-Tung, feet square and six feet high, so arranged 2,500; and the Provincial Treasurers and so guarded that collusion and comof Fuh-Kien and Canton, 400 and 200 munication were impossible. They have now respectively. Doctor Richard men- no further use, and the central office build- ings have become the seat of a college with tions als.o that in December last he modern ideas and studies.

forwarded a large case of books, the Determined to Learn the Gospel majority educational but several of them religious, to the Emperor and Mrs. W. E. H. Hipwell, of Shiuthe Empress Dowager, and that he has hing, has lately placed a Bible-woman received a gracious reply, saying that at Hok-shaan (Shell Hills), a town inasmuch as China was now going in about a day and a half's journey from for reform in education, the books Shiu-hing. Of this woman, Mrs. were most opportune and would be Hipwell wrote on December 2: used from time to time as thev were She was trained in the Shiu-hing women's required.-C. M. S. Review. ~ school. Baptized seven years ago, she had small opportunity of learning the Gospel, Discerning Chinamen as no Bible-woman or missionary lived At the recent great conference of nearer than 100 miles away. She was de- termined to learn more of the Gospel, and missionaries at Shanghai, Doctor Low- traveled for two days, walking over hills rie, of Peking, the great veteran mis- for over 20 miles, and then by boat up the river to the Shiu-hing women's school, sionary, directed the attention of the where she studied for two years. Then she assembly to two striking proverbs went back to her village to teach others of the Chinese people, emphasizing what she had heard of the Gospel. She is the difference between the Roman now a CM.S. Bible-woman, the first wit- Catholic and the Protestant churches. ness to the Hakka tribe there.

They were to the effect that "the The Printing-press Kept Bu.y Roman Catholics controlled law-suits but not converts, the Protestants con- China's thirst for knowledge is in- trolled converts but not law-suits"; dicated by the business done at the and "that the Roman Catholic Church Commercial Press of Shanghai. There was easy to enter and hard to leave, are eleven branch houses of this press while the Protestant Church was hard in different parts of China, and this to enter and easy to leave." year two more are to be opened. It

carries on 70 per cent. of the book all by relatives is found i; the strips of trade of China-that is, trade in mod- paper representl11g money, which have been ern ~ooks. Last year it did 450,000 placed on the stones in the hope that the se tael~ worth of business ($300,000) bits of paper 111 some way will pay the ex- not mcluding 400,000 taels more trans- acted by branch houses. The follow- penses of the dead in another world. ing statement of the .sale of modern readers in Chinese during I906 is in- A Chinese Missionary Society teresting : National readers, 280,000; elementary, I IO,OOO; primary geog- Following the lead of InMdiisa~ioanasroy- raphy, 73,000; historical readers, 63,- ciet.y named the N ational 000. Most of these were sold to native modern schools and not to the mission SocIety for Manchuria has been schools. formed. Seventeen fully trained men Proclamation Against Fung Shui were licensed at this time, and as few Rev J. H. Giffin, of Klayingchow, congregations are ready to call pas- South China, is authority for the to;s as yet, it was thought that some statement that the viceroy of Fukien Province has issued a proclamation lTI1ght be sent to unoccupied or underordering all books on Fung Shui burned, all doctors now practising this manned fields, and two of them offered art arrested, declaring that it is one of the greatest hindrances to progress for this work. The society is to be enin China, preventing the building of railroads and the opening of mines. tirely supported by the Chinese them- One after another superstitions hoary with age seem to be breaking down in selves. that empire. Certainly if the "windwater" superstition is losing its hold Manchuria's Restoration China is really awake. The progress of affairs in the Far Burying-grounds in China East, during the past few months, has been marked by many incidwts which Secretary A. B. Leonard, of the do not appear to have attracted that amount of public attention which is Methodist Church, writes: due to them. Amongst these the evac- uation of Manchuria by the Russian That death reigns in China is evident and Japanese troops in April was one from the vast numbers of graves that are of the most important. The" Manchus always in sight. When passing along the have now regained their ancient heritvalleys or through the suburbs of a city, age, the ancestral home of the ruling the traveler can scarcely look in ·any di- dynasty in China, but under very much rection without seeing graves. The hill- altered conditions. The principal railsides are full of them. In some instances way systems are still in the hands of these sepulchers are very elaborately con- Russians and Japanese, and "Railway structed, the approaches being lined with Guards" are still maintained by these granite representations of dogs, lions, tigers, powers to protect their property. The horses and men, grotesquely and very Japanese troops are reported to conroughly carved. But usually the graves sist of one division of regulars and aTe poorly marked by one or more rough three battalions of reservists, distribstones, thickly set and very shallow. Cof- uted along the Japanese section of the fins may often be seen placed in the open, line, at the rate of seven or eight men or adjacent to the houses in which the de- per kilometer, with a strong force receased persons had lived, their relatives not tained at the headquarters at Liaobeing able to pay for graves. In many in- yang, the total force being equivalent stances the remains of the dead lie unbur- to IO men per kilometer, or five less ied 50r years. In the suburbs of Fu-chau per kilometer than the number deterwe saw many acres so thickly studded mined by the treaty of I905.-Church with graves that there seemed to be no Missionary Review. room for another. No attempt is made to layout, grade or beautify these grounds. Concerning Japanese MoraIS The only evidence that they are visited at Professor Ladd, now in Korea, a warm friend of Japan, has spoken with great plainness of her need of a higher commercial morality, and prominent leaders in the business world are using1

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE 95

their influence in favor of higher Scriptures if possible. A large supply ethical standards. It is interesting to of books has been provided, and sev- read such a statement as the following eral of the societies' colporteurs have in one of the great dailies. made a commencement in the work. So far, the work has been most suc- As individuals many Japanese are dis- ces~ful in Senda, a conservative dis- honest, but as a nation the people arc over- trict of the city." honest. On the contrary, Europeans are comparatively honest as individuals, but A Japanese HYMn Book as nations they are cunning and crafty. If our people desire to be victors in the in- The Methodist Publishing House in ternational struggle they have much to Tokyo, under the skillful management learn from the Europeans. of Messrs. Cowen and Spencer, is do- ing a great work for the Christianiza- Under the leadership of that valiant tion of Japan. It has published "md Christian statesman, Mr. S. Shimada, sold 150,000 copies of the hymn book, M.P., an association has been formed recently compiled in Japanese. This to fight corruption in political circles. is an astonishing circulation when it The nation is certainly aroused to its is remembered that there are only 65,- needs of a better code of morals, or 000 Protestant communicants in the rather to the purpose and power to empire.-Nashville Advocate. realize its highest ideals. And there is a growing feeling that Christianity The Hakodate Fire alone can accomplish this work. Rev. George M. Rowland, of Sap- Runians versus Japanese poro, writes concerning the conflagra- tion at Hakodate, under date of Sep- "Meng's village stood just outside tember 4: the range of the war. Fighting took place two miles to the east. Russians "The Hakodate fire was a terrible took foodstuffs of all kinds, but paid calamity. As you have learned by the a certain proportion of the price. It papers, fire broke out about ten o'clock is belived that the Russian authorities Sunday evening, August 25. By daypaid more than fuIl price, but that light next morning half or four-fifths the Chinese interpreters pocketed the of the city lay in ashes. With Rev. K. greater proportion of the money. The Shirnizer, Presbyterian pastor, I went, Japanese took everything movable, and representing the Sapporo churches, to paid nothing. They stript the women bear condolence and to investigate conof all their silver ornaments, and com- ditions. It was the cleanest fire I ever pelled the opening of every lockfast saw-almost no ruins even left. It place, out of which they took away suggests San Francisco. every article of any value. This is the character given to the two nation- "Ten thousand houses burned, 45,- alities all over this northern region. 000 people homeless, is the story; but And it may be stated once for all that the wealth, the business district, the it is the character given of both public buildings have gone. Aid was peoples in all directions round Mouk- promptly rendered by the Hokkaido government, working through Hakoden." date officials. This will last twenty days. So far only eight deaths are cer- Bible Circul&tion in J&PM tified. Injuries, too, were remarkably few; eighty-seven cases of the injured In Osaka there are over 1,000,000 were treated by the Red Cross. inhabitants occupying 245,000 houses. The colporteurs of the British and Fur- "Of the Christian community, Preseign Bible Society and the National byterian, Methodist, Kttmi-ai, and Bible Society of Scotland are endeav- Episcopal churches were burned; one oring to visit every house in the city. small Episcopal church was saved. The One of the leading daily papers com- homes and property of most of the ments as follows: "A great Bible missionaries and Japanese Christians. selling campaign is in progress in this were swept away by the flames." city. The plan is to circulate 100,000

AFRICA Gospel Progreu on the Kongo The North Africa Field Rev. G. Frederickson writes of Kifwa, Kongo Free State, his field of North Africa takes rank among the work: most barren of mission fields. Never- the1ess a few societies are represented We who for years have been in the work in the region lying between the Great and know in what misery and darkness Sahara and the Mediterranean, besides the people live, look to you, young people a few workers who labor independ- to take up this glorious work of carrying ently. The missionary force, inclu- the Gospel of salvation to those for whom ding wives, reaches a total of over Christ died. We began work at Kifwa in 60, most of whom are engaged in med- 1895.. In 18g7 there were some signs of ical missions, schools, classes, visiting, blessmg. Seventeen were baptiz~d and translation, evangelistic work. There from them the number of conversions has are unusual difficulties to overcome, incr~ased every year, until 1906, when we but the spiritual results give cheer. baptized 648. We have spread the Gospel There is a group of native Christians on a field about 100 miles square. We in Fez, another in Tangier, and still have planted on this field, IIO schools in another, more recently brought to- lIO villages. We have lIS school-teachers gether, in Marrakesh (Morocco City). and 'preachers, with over 1,500 children at- Besides, there are isolated believers in tendmg the schools. We have 13 native different towns and villages. One of churches with a united membership of these native Christians, who was con- 1,800. There has been opposition both on verted some fifteen years ago, and the right hand and on the left. One of our known as "El Kaid," having been an Christians was flogged because he refused officer in the Tangier battery, became to worship with the Catholics. One woman a colporteur of the Bible Society, and received ten strokes from a whip of hippowhile engaged in that work was done potamus hide for coming to our meetings. to death by a crowd of fanatics in the One evangelist was murdered for preaching town of Larache. Another native col- the Gos~el: Both in good and evil report porteur is employed by this society, our ChnstIans have stood firm. but works under the direction of the North Africa Mission under the direc- The Power of the Gospel tion of the North Africa Mission and travels in the interior of the country. In German Southwest Africa lives the powerful tribe of the Ovambos. Trees Planted ao Idols The missionaries of the Rhenish and the Finnish missionary societies have Miss F. M. Dennis writes from Ebu been proclaiming the Gospel unto Owerri, a place about 70 miles south- these fetish worshipers faithfully and east of Onitsha: prayerfully for many years. Now re- ports come that at last the power of One day I met a group of children-the the Gospel is becoming manifest and eldest might have been about fourteen- these heathen are beginning to seek who had brought young trees with them, Christ. Mr. Tonjes, one of the faithand greeted me with, "These are idols. ful missionaries, writes that he now We have rooted them up and brought them has under instruction twenty Ovambos to you because we will only serve God now, who desire to be baptized. Among and we want to be His children." It is a these is a very old man who had apcustom in this Ibo country when a child is plied for baptism several times before, born for the parents to go into the bush. but had been turned back by the miscut a stick from a tree and plant it. When sionary. This time he came with tears, the child is old enough to walk and know begging to be received. A great anything it worships this young tree. All change has taken place in him. He is the Ibo people have them. When idols were quiet and peaceable, and, in spite of destroyed at Idumuje Ugboko there were his age, walks regularly the distance always trees among them. But here, until of several hours from his home to the the child comes to man's estate and has a mISSIOn station. One heathen came household, this is the only idol he has. to the missionary and said: "Teacher, thy words are commencing to burn in my heart."_ Another heathen, one of

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

the highest aids of the chief, came to Church Union iIt South Mrica the home of the missionary who began The trend toward union of Churches to speak to him concerning the. res- is showing in South Africa. At a conurrection of the dead and the Judg- ference in Johannesburg on the 26th of ment. He listened attentively for some July, attended by representative memtime, then he said: "Teacher, I will bers of the Presbyterian, Wesleyan, gladly listen to all thy sayings, but do Congregational, and Baptist Churches, not speak of those things. They cause it was unanimously agreed, after me to tremble and make me afraid." lengthened conference, to declare their Thus the Word of God proves itself conviction that there were no obsta- "quick, and powerful, and s?arper cles to a union of these bodies which than any two-edged sword, plercmg ought not to be overcome, and to even to the dividing asunder of soul invite the supreme courts of the and spirit." Churches concerned to appoint eight A Ke.ffU' Callection delegates from each to act as a joint The Rev. George S. Stewart, a mis- committee to prepare a basis of union, sionary of the United Free Church, embracing such points as doctrine, polwho is stationed at Emgwali, Cape ity, administration, tenure of property, Colony, Africa, shows the unique and the like. methods of the Kaffirs in expressing their thankfulness: Sudan Pioneer Mission, Germany I left Emgwali with one of my native One of the German missionary so- elders about nine in the morning. After cieties, little known in the United driving for two hours we came to a farm- States, is the Sudan Pioneer Mission, ohfofusfe~r where we left the horses, and set whose headquarters are at Eisenach. a twelve-mile walk to the new Since 1900 it has been at work in As- church. By three o'clock we were at the place and got to work at once. The people suan, in Upper Egypt, and, tho it trooped into the church, about 250 of them passed through five long, lean years, -and the church is built for 150! They sat on the seats and on the desks-for the its missionaries faithfully brought the message of the Cross to the millions church is also a school-and under the desks and under the table and on one an- of Mohammedans in whose midst they boltahnek~rt' s.in European clothes and in red But they all got in somehow. found themselves. Their work was that of pioneers in the fullest sense of Then there was a prayer and reading, the word, of men who were laying the and after that I told the people what the church had cost, and said a little about the foundation for future larger work and blessings of the Gospel. N? sooner did I who were opening the way for the sit down than an old man Jumped up and great host of missionaries who, they cried out in Kafir, of course: "Missionary, believe, will follow them in the near future. The last two years of the work I want to thank God for this good work here. I thank him iI," and down went his pound on the table. Imn:ediately ~mothe,~ of the missionaries of the Sudan Piocried out: "I thank God wIth ten sh!lhngs, neer Mission have been years of great encouragement, tho the fruit of the and down went his money. Then, one after seven years' labors is not yet visible another men and women and children, Christi;n and heathen, brought their gifts, some making quite long speeches, some put- to any large extent. The work is limting down their money without a word. ited to the preaching of the Gospel to Some few gave gold, but most could not Mohammedans at Assuan, at present the only station occupied, tho an effort do that. Then one shouted, "I'll open the cattle- fold and drive out an ox for thanks to is being made to reach the surrounding country and Nubia. Five European God." Another at once took him up, "What and two native missionary laborers are employed, and the school opened only kind of ox?" "It is a young ox." "Oh, tahenf~1!I-'lslizdedo more, I'll open and drive out ox." "Yes," the first man answered "yes, brother, but I'll drive out a little more than a year ago, is ata goat aiong with the ox." "All right," tended by 50 girls and 20 boys from said the second, "then I'll drive out a fat 5 to 13 years. This school, however, is sheep with my ox." So these two ended, not only for the children of Mohamhaving given cattle worth about £14.

medans, but the religious standing of some faithful ones have been imthe pupils is as follows: 35 have Cop- prisoned because they held religious tic, 10 Protestant, 8 Mohammedan, 6 meetings in their homes, sang hymns, Jewish, 7 Greek-Catholic, and 4 Ro- etc. The Paris Missionary Society man Catholic parents. All pupils must likewise continues to suffer from this take part in the devotional exercises persecution, and the French Governorand in religious instruction. The med- General acts like an autocrat, making ical missionary has proved himself of his decisions in regard to the closing greatest importance in opening the of schools and churches without giving homes and the hearts of the followers any reasons for his actions, tho he of Mohammed, and it is hoped that often overthrows the decisions of the soon a hospital can be erected at administrators of the districts in which Darau, 3Y;; hours north of Assuan. the schools and churches are located. Darau contains 20,000 Mohammedans It can be well said that there is no and will be occupied as an additional religious liberty in Madagascar at the station as soon as the reenforcements present time, tho the constitution of of the missionary corps are on hand. France guarantees it. Is it not time The income of the Sudan Pioneer that the non-French societies at work Mission was $7,037 in 1906. While in Madagascar appeal to their governthe missionaries pay some attention to ments for protection? The United the ever increasing number of tour- States are interested on account of the ists of all nations who visit Upper work of the "Norwegian Lutheran Egypt during the winter, they ~:o not Church in America" in Madagascar. propose to organize congregations at the present time, but to go and preach ISLANDS OF THE SEA as they go. As a new venture, they are planning a trip among 20 tribes Protestantism in the Seychelles which, on both sides of the Nile, inhabit the Lybian and the Arabian des- Altho the Seychelles Islands are erts. The monthly magazine of the British, we are informed that while the society is Der Sudan Pionier. Roman Catholics have fourteen schools on the chief island, the Church of Eng- Continued Penecution in Ma.da.gascar land has only one girls' school and two mixed village schools. As the latter The open persecution of Protestant schools are free, many of the Church missionary schools in Madagascar by of England people place their children the French Governor-General contin- under the Romish teachers rather than ues without abatement. The latest allow them to mix with the pure Afrinews is most disconcerting. In the be- cans-notwithstanding the danger that ginning of 1906 the Norwegian Luth- they will either become Roman Cathoerans had in the province of Vakinan- lics or prove only half-hearted Protkaratra alone 279 missionary schools estants. There is an important open- (Parochial), which were attended by ing for a lady who would devote her- 15,000 pupils. To-day they have but self to the education of girls belonging one school with 60 pupils. In the dis- to such Protestant families; but untrict of Vangaindrano thirty of their less an honorary worker will volunteer, churches have been closed since No- froo a year would be required in advember, 1906, while eight had to be dition to passage-money. Miss Kate closed in Ambondrana. Official pla- Henney, Victoria, Seychelles Island, cards, fastened to the church doors, will be glad to correspond with friends forbid the entrance of all, while in sev- interested in the matter. eral localities the Government caused cactus to be planted at the church The Rhenish Society in Sumatra doors so that none can enter. Certain evangelists have been ordered to ab- From Sumatra the accounts continue stain from religious activity, while promising. Three new stations have been founded, thereby complefing a double chain of stations from Lake

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

Toba toward the South, which means The six southern stations contained a decided check upon the advance of 7,680 native Christians in the begin- Islam from the East Coast. The Batak Mission numbers at the present time ning of I907. Of these Si Bolga has 42 main stations and 338 branches, developed most remarkably in the last while in 384 schools close upon 19,000 25 years of its existence, 5 out-stations children are being taught. The pic- have grown to 17,290 native Christians ture presented by these different sta- have increased to 2,368, 57 pupils of tions varies of course from primitive the missionary schools to 652, and IO beginnings to well-organized commu- native workers to 56. The same misnities, such as Pea Radja, with its sionary, Mr. Schrey, has been the supthousands of members. In some places erintendent these 25 years, and he conthere is quiet development under the siders the opening of a girls' school in fostering care of missionaries and the Si Bolga in 1906 the most remarkable protecting care of the government; in thing that has happened during the others, where native lawlessness is not time of his service. A new station in yet fully subdued, the work is carried the district of Nai pos pos was to be on amid strife and unrest. Some re- opened in August 1906 among a wild ports dwell on the fierce opposition of and murderous people, whom Mr. Islam, others on the spasmodic efforts Schrey had visited once before, 23 of an ever-weakening heathendom to years ago, but after due deliberation hold its ground. But, however varied it was decided to open it in Pasaribu, the conditions, there is progress all near. ~he district of Suga Suga. The along the line, and the number of bap- difficulties at this new station were tisms (7,°5°) shows the strength of very great at first, but gradually the the current against idolatry in the Ba- missionary is gaining the confidence of tak country, even while making allow- the heathen people. ance for "drifting with the stream." The Sumatra staff consists of 71 work- South of Si Bolga is the district ers-56 ordained missionaries, 2 medi- where the missionaries met the Mocal men, and 13 "sisters"-and the hos- hammedan propaganda among the pital at Pea Radja has been recently heathen, checked it and gained even doing splendid service in fighting an the Mohammedans for Christ. In it acute epidemic of measles. are the stations of Si Manosoe, Si Pi- Among the Salak. Upon Sumatra rok, Bunga Bondar, and Si Piongot. All these were greatly influenced by The Rhenish Missionary Society has the fall of the mighty Dja lVluda a a wonderful work among the Bataks little more than a year ago. He had upon Sumatra, where, according to the been a pupil in the missionary school report for 1906, 56 ordained mission- in his boyhood, but had become a zealaries, 2 medical missionaries, and 13 ous Mohammedan and a most violent sisters were at work upon 42 stations opponent of Christianity. The Dutch and 338 out-stations, while almost Government found him guilty of trea- 19,000 pupils attended the 384 schools. son and deposed him, and a Christian The native force consisted of 31 or- of Bunga' Bondar, Israel, was elected dained missionaries, 24 evangelists, as his successor. That triumph of 485 teachers, etc., and the native Chris- Christianity was a great set-back to tians numbered 76,000, 7,050 having Mohammedanism and gave a great been added by baptism. In the October opportunity to the faithful missionnumber of the Reports of the Rhenish aries, one of whom has borne testi- Society we find a most interesting ar- mony at Bunga Bondar for forty ticle dealing especially with the work years. But, after all, the power of Moin the southern part of Sumatra and hammedanism in Southern Sumatra is among the Mohammedans, from which not dead and the Bataks have a very we gather the following: significant saying concerning its fol- lowers, viz. "as far as their words are concerned, they are polite and courte-

ous, but their hearts bite." Yet, the A sacred work, a work lasting.

Gospel is making wonderful progress Let us all work faithfully and in Si Pirok alone are 341 Moham- And finish up our work, ~edans under instruction and prepar- That we may meet again mg for public baptism. In the district of Bunga Bondar 46 of the 62 chiefs On the banks of the beautiful river. are now Christians and only 16 Mohammedans, while many of the old They sailed away on the Mornincr backsliders are returning in humble re- Star with two other teachers, and penta.nee. and the number of inquirers steadl.ly I.ncreases. In Si Piongot and were left alone for a year on one of ~he dlstnct Padang Bolack, of which It forms the'center, however, the power the .strange islands, with no means of of Islam remains entirely unbroken and the 560 native Christians exert buymg food. The natives promised to very little influence, because they are feed them, and "be father and mOonthtehr~ scattered over the wide territory and brothers and sisters to them." many of them deny Christ under Mohammedan pressure and persecution. ·second visit of the M orninK Star, more than t~o years after her first landing, the shIp was met by a crowd of natives singing Christian songs of welcome and the missionaries frotIL the ship were taken to a fine church which the people had built.-Missionary Herald.

In general there is mighty progress Filipinos Meet in Parliament of the Gospel among the Bataks and The first Philippine assembly was among the Mohammedans upon Su- formally opened by Secretary Taft in matra and the record of the work is the National theater in Manila on Occheering in every department. tober 16. After Mr. Taft had made A Queen Who Became a Missionary a speech in which he declared that he did not believe that the Filipinos would Suppose the Queen of England be fitted to govern themselves for anshould decide to leave her throne other generation, but that the matter and go off with the King on a mis- was entirely in the hands of Congress, sion to China! How people would a prayer was read by a native Catholic talk, and what a big sacrifice it would bishop. Serbio Osmena, formerly govseem! Yet, in 1873, little Princess ernor of the island of Cebu and a Na- Opatinia, only fifteen years of age, tionalist, was chosen pre:ident. On left her royal home on Ponape, in the the following day a joint session of Micronesian Islands, and went off the commission and assembly listened with her husband, Opataia, to begin to an address by Governor-General work in the Mortlock Islands, where W ~ight. The assembly would be the people were said to be bloodthirsty easJly controlled by the Nationalists savages. were it not for the factional differ- ences within that party. Apparently Her father, King Hezekiah, had be- the delegates, almost without excepcome a Christian, so he was glad to tion, have very slight knowledge of have her go, tho she gave up her right parliamentary procedure, but they are to be queen, and left her home, where not lacking in the usual Latin volubilshe lived in a native state of luxury. She composed a hymn of farewell, ity. which is here translated: Anti-Opium Movement in Malaysia I am pleased with Jesus Christ.

He has commissioned me Parallel with the action in Cophiinua~ To carry His Gospel India and England against the To His who are lost. Father, mother, brothers, trade is a vigorous anti-opium move- I will bid you farewell, As I am about to leave you ment in Malaysia. Rev. W. E. Hor- ley, of Kwala Lumpor, gives an ac- That I may help Jesus abroad. count of an Anti-Opium Conference You must let me go, hel~l in. Ipoh, the capital of Perak, For it is not a bad work whIch III various ways gave en- I am going to do-

1907J GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

couragement to the movement. An- known only a short time ago, has other is to be held next year. Better brought out the remarkable fact that still, a Governmental Commission has the ratio of Jews in the population of been appointed to inquire into the Prussia has gradually decreased whole subject. That thorough work during the past 25 years. The ratio is intended is indicated by the inclu- of Jews in every thousand inhabitants sion of such a man as Bishop Oldham was 13.33 in 1880, 12.94 in 1885, 12.42 on the Commission. Their work will in 1890, 11.92 in 1895, 11.38 in 1900, occupy nearly five months more. It and 10.98 in 1905. While Christian is to be hoped that their report will observers are inclined to think that lead to prohibitive legislation. emigration and the abandonment of Memorial to Samuel Manden their religion by numerous Jews are the chief reasons for this decrease, the An interesting reminder of the in- German Jewish press calls attention auguratian of the New Zealand Mis- to the fact that the birthrate among sion has lately reached us through Prussian Jews is lower than that the kindness of the Right Rev. Dr. among Gentiles. In 1880 the number S. E. Marsden (formerly Bishop of of births for every 1,000 Jews was Bathurst, and now Hon. Canon of 31.0, for every 1,000 Gentiles 38.86; Gloucester and Bristol). A memorial in 1885, 27.14 (resp. 37.72) ; in 1890, to Samuel Marsden, the "Apostle of 23·75 (resp. 36.62); in 1895, 21.36 New Zealand," a beautiful Celtic (resp. 36.85); in 1900, 19.48 (resp.

cross, 20 feet high, has been erected 36.27) ; in 1901, 19.63 (resp. 36.76) ; at Rangihoua, in the Bay of Islands, in 1902, 18.63 (resp. 36.53) ; in 1903, where Marsden preached his famous 1840 (resp. 36.03); in 1904, 18.71 sermon on the words, "Behold, I (resp. 36.08). Thus during the last bring you glad tidings of great joy," 25 years the birthrate among the Jews and this was unveiled in March last has decreased in Prussia, while that by the Governor of New Zealand among the Gentiles, which always was (Lord Plunket) in the presence of higher than that among the Jews, has many of the Maoris. The ceremony remained stationary.

appropriately commenced with the The absolute increase of Jewish singing of the hymn, "While shep- population in Prussia was 8.6 per herds watched their flocks by night," thousand annually during the last five and addresses were given by a Maori years, while Protestants increased 13.6 speaker and by the Bishop of Auck- and Catholics 19.7 per thousand. In land, Archdeacon Walsh, and Mr. Berlin, where the largest number of J. B. Clarke, the youngest son of one Jews in Prussia is gathered, every of the early missionaries. The cross twentieth person is a Jew, in the Prov- bears on its face the inscription, "On ince of Hessen-Nassau every fortieth, Christmas Day, 1814, the first Chris- in Prussian Poland (Posen) every tian service in New Zealand was sixty-fifth, and in Brandenburg every held on this spot by the Rev. Samuel eighty-seventh.

Marsden." What a vindication of 2. Increase of Mixed Marriages missions is afforded by the contrast between this ceremony and the ser- Another remarkable fact concerning vice which the cross commemorates! the Jews in Germany is the increase of mixed marriages. From 1901 to MISCELLANEOUS 1904 there were celebrated 15,635 Some Interesting Facts Concerning the Jew Jewish and 2,700 mixed marriages, and 8.or per cent. of the Jewesses and 1. Decrease of Jewish Birthrate 9.26 per cent. of the Jewish men were The counting of the population in married to members of another faith.

Prussia on December I, 1905, the The number of mixed marriages in final results of which have been made 1902 was 599; in 1903, 635; and in

H)o4, 720. Thus, in 1904, 316 Jewish In Bondage to Caste men married Protestant women, 256 Protestant men married J ewesses, and With all our vaunted emancipation in 148 cases one of the marrying par- from earlier intolerance, there is one ties was Roman Catholic (about the note in our modern life which ought same number of men and women). In to make a Christian people profoundly Berlin, in 1904, 24 per cent. of the ashamed. And that is our bondage to Jewish men married Gentile wives and the spirit of caste. We compare our- 15.1 per cent. of the Jewesses married Gentile husbands. In Copenhagen wseiltvhesraccoems palnacdenlatlnyd,shienrewihn iAchm-earsicia~ 358 Jewish marriages and 234 mixed marriages (one of the parties Jewish) China or India-such civilization as were celebrated between 1880 and they possess is imperiously dominated 1903, while in the remaining parts of by the spirit of the caste. In some cities Denmark there were celebrated 187 in India, not a great while ago, the Jewish and 121 mixed marriages Pariah caste was driven from the between 1873 and 1891. In Sweden town at three o'clock in the afternoon mixed marriages are almost more and the gates of the city closed, lest numerous than Jewish ones, while in the shadow of a Pariah might fall France and Italy mixed marriages are upon a Brahman. "Monstrous and quite frequent. In England mixed grotesque custom," we cry, "with its marriages are more frequent among inhuman dishonor of some of God's native than among immigrant Jews. children!" Yes, my brother-but will In America mixed marriages are more you tell me how it differs in essence frequent in the South and West than from that mental attitude or that in the East. In eastern Europe, how- wonted manner with which most of ever, mixed marriages are rare, ex- us bear ourselves toward a negro or cept in Budapest where in 1904 every a Chinaman? Are most of us able to fourteenth Jew was married to a find ourselves beside one of these, or any of their like, of whatever alien Gentile wife. race or land, without betraying our repugnance, and, too often, down- 3. Jewish Immigration right antagonism? In fact, the only difference between our conception or Since 188r, according to Jewish our estimate of caste and that of our papers, 1,750,000 Jews emigrated forefathers consists in its narrowness from the countries in which they and its ignorance. BISHOP POTTER. dwelt, from Russia alone 1,300,000. Of this number 85 per cent. came to OBITUARY America, 10 per cent. to Great Britain, and the rest to South Africa, Austra- Rev. Chauncey Murch, of Egypt lia, etc. The number of Jewish immigrants to the United States, accord- One of the best known missionaries ing to the Bureau at New 'York was of the United Presbyterian Church in 129,507 in 1905. Of .these 65 per cent. Egypt, Rev. Chauncey Murch, of declared their purpose to remain in Luxor, died on his way to Assuan on the State of New York. The money October 16th, at 48 years of age. He brought by the Jewish immigrants went to Egypt in 1883, and won the was only $14.8 per head, while other hearts of the people by his sympathy immigrants had $24-5 per head. It and tact. Mr. Murch was a skilled has been stated that in Germany one egyptologist and assisted the British person out of 2,040 becomes an emi- authorities and Cairo Museum in grant, in Austria-Hungary one out of securing many remarkable relics. The 313, but of the Jews In all lands one workers in Egypt will greatly miss in 103 succumbs to the impulse of mi- his council and many native Chrisgration. Thus the Jews are truly a tians and other friends mourn his dewandering people to-day. parture. THE REVIVAL IN INDIA. By Helen S. Dyer. ma:ks, "it has been almost an accepted I2mo, 158 pp. l§. 6d. Morgan & Scott, trUIsm that the IndIan has no sense of sin. London, 1907. That can never be said again." Even vis- ions and dreams have, for the most part, Dr. A. T. Schofield, the physician had as their outcome, the conviction of sin. Space would fail to recount, and it is not and author, regards this volume as the necessary here, the oft-told story of scenes in which, with tears and agonizing cries, record of developments of natural, in- sins, in many cases quite unsuspected by others, have been freely and fully and most evitable consequences of a great moral humbly acknowledged, followed by the equally well-known sequel of practical re- and spiritual upheaval; as a hurricane, formation of conduct; debts paid, quarrels made up, and, indeed, lives transformed al- an earthquake or a flood leave in their most beyond recognition.

track corresponding effects in the ma- And what of the permanent results of all this? Is the Revival as much in evidence terial sphere. But, notwithstanding now as it was months ago? To this a two- fold answer may be returned. There can much to be regretted, if not depre- be no denying the fact that in some quar- ters the Revival has subsided. But it must ciated, Dr. Schofield thinks there have be remembered that a fire may continue to burn after it has ceased to send up leaping been transformations of life and char- tongues of flame, and the crackling heat may be followed by quiet heat which is none acter, ethical reformations and adjust- the less hot on that account. Recent testi- mony from Revival centers, mentioned in ments of matters previously radically this very book, notably, Tuni, Narsapur, (Godaveri Delta), Nalgonda (Deccan), wrong, which are the real phenomena Nellore, etc., might be quoted in proof of this assertion. Let no hearts fail or be dis- to be studied, and accepted as the cen- couraged because in some places and in some aspects the Revival has seemed to flag. tral and controlling facts, indicating There has been abundant proof that the work was of God, tho mingled, in many supernatural power at work. Some of instances, with human flaws and even Sa- tanic counterfeits. Let us see to it that his words are worth quoting, as espe- none of these counterfeits, nor any un- scriptural irregularities i11to which some cially encouraging. have been drawn aside, prevent us from seeking with all our hearts the very best In all Revivals we deal with supernatural and fullest that God has to bestow. Look- forces. "Years of the Right Hand of the ing back upon the past two years, ther.;! is most High." There are times in the Church's much occasion for praise, confidence and history when it seems as if that Right hope. It was no lying dream that was given Hand were withdrawn or fettered, or even to Hudson Taylor when he said he believed benumbed, times when "the Sword of the we were on the eve of the greatest Revival Lord" appears to slumber in its scabbard. the world had ever seen. And then there comes a time when all this is changed, the Arm is awakened, the Hand PALESTINE THROUGH THE EYES OF A N A~ is stretched forth, the sword leaps from its TIVE. By Gamahliel Wad-El-Ward. 12mo, sheath to do its divine work of conviction 201 pp. Illustrated. Fleming H. Revell and redemption. And all this is in answer Co., New York, 1907. to prayer. This book is very emphatic in pointing out the connection between Prayer This is more an account of the man- and Revival. It dwells upon the connection between the present awakening and the ners and customs that prevail in the prayers of men of past generations, like George Bowen, Samuel Hebich and others, Holy Land than a description of the as wen as the prayers of those living now. It points out also that the recent revIval country and its historic sites. The is all the more palpably the work of God, inasmuch as no prominent "Revivalist," author is neither more nor less than an European or Indian, has been associated with it. In the stories which the book re- intelligent, interesting native guide, lates of the visions, trances, and other su- pernatural manifes~ations which hav~ ac- who describes the customs of his peo- companied the revIval, the reader wIll be confronted afresh with proofs that here ple, especially with a view to throwing ~ are things which lie confessedly beyond the sphere of the merely natural and human. light on the Bible. He can not be ac- But the conviction will also be deepened cepted as an authority in exegesis or that t;le phenomena of the Revival have an unmistakably ethical and practical bearing. interpretation, but his explanations of This comes out very distinctly in the con- viction of sin which has been all along such a prominent feature, accompanied by confession and practical reformation. These things are all the more remarkable as oc- curring in India, where as Mrs. Dyer re-

the dress, laws, sacrifices, religious mentioned are described very meagerly and domestic customs throw inter- and inadequately except the work of esting side-lights on Bible study, while the "Disciples." In this respect it is they can not always be accepted as unsatisfactory as a missionary volume. unfanciful or historically accurate. The earlier chapters contain much con- Gamahliel is a good native guide- densed desirable information. and those who have met these inter:" esting characters know their value and Two GOLDEN LILIES FROM THE EMPIRE OF their limitations. A scriptural and THE RISING SUN. By Mrs. G. Fagg. topical index would add much to the 12mo, 88 pp. IS. Morgan and Scott, Lon- usefulness of the volume. Indeed, it don, 1906. is decidedly lacking without this. The title of the book is misleading IN THE SHADOW OF THE CRESCENT. By J. A. as China, not Japan, is the land fro~ Campbell, F.RG.S. Illustrated. 8vo, 240 which came the woman whose life- pp. Seneca Publishing Co., Seneca, South Carolina; Marshall Bros., London, 1907. story is here told. Mrs. Ahak was in- Mr. Campbell as an independent deed a horemmearaknadbloenwtohme apnl~tofnoermwrheotraveler in Eastern Armenia encoun- in the tered some adventures and was im- pressed with the poverty and oppres- vealed ability and character that sion prevailing on every hand. These experiences and impressions form the would have made her notable in any subject of the book. The adventures are not all hair-raising, but are well land and any walk of life. The story told, and the story of cruel oppression stirs the blood. The author traveled ?f her lite. is told without literary finoff the beaten track without Turkish assistance and saw things as they are, Ish, but It IS worth reading. not as the Turks desire them to be seen. The story can be relied upon NEW YORK CHARITIES DIRECTORY. Compiled as truthful, and should appeal to our by Mary E. David. 12mo, 807 pp. $1.00. deepest sympathies and arouse us to New York Charities Directory, 1907. earnest effort to relieve the poverty and suffering due to the unspeakable Here is an invaluable guide to the cruelties and abominations of Turkish many forms of Christian and other rule. educational and philanthropic work in Gr~ater New York. It is carefully TO-DAY IN THE LAND OF TOMORROW. By Jas- :-evlsed a.nd brought .up to date, giving per T. Moses. 12mo, 83 pp. Illustrated. mformatlOn concernmg churches, set- Christian Woman's Board of Missions, ctlieemtieesntsa, nhdospeidtaulcsa, tiaosnyalul msi~srteitliuetifosnso.- Indianapolis, 1907. The alphabetical index makes it avail- able for ready reference. Such a vol- In Mexico we see the results of the ume opens our eyes to the amount of money and effort expounded for the wholesale baptism of pagans by the soical and religious uplift of the city. Roman Church. Christianity has never We almost wonder that any evil or recovered from this mistake, and it poverty remains-but the miIIenium has molded the history of the Republic. has not yet come. Religion, education, politics, pleasures have none of them been conducted on NEW BOOKS a high class basis, and the results are formalism, ignorance, corruption and POLAND, THE KNIGHT AMONG THE NAvice. Professor Moses, who is presi- TIONS. By Louis E. Van Norman. 12mo, dent of the Christian Institute, Mon- 359 pp. $1.50, net. Fleming H. Revell terrey, seeks to describe briefly to the Co., 1907. history of the nation, the country, people, their customs, education, religion TALKS ON CHINA. Pamphlet. 611., net. and Protestant missions. The last Church Missionary Society, London, 1907.

OUR MISS,JON IN NORTH CHINA. By John Hedley, F.R.G.S. 12mo, 188 pp. IS. 6d. George Burroughs, London, 1907.

PIP AND CO. By Irene H. Barnes. 12mo, 206 pp. IS. 6d. Church Missionary So- ciety, London, 1907.

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1906

TERMINUS OF THE GREAT SOUTHERN RAILWAY, LA PLAZA CONSTiTUCEON

CJ'he fMissionary Cf(e'lJiew

of the World VOL. XXIX. No. 4 APRIL, I906 VOL. XIX. NO.4 Old &ries New &ries SIGNS OF THE TIMES HUDSON TAYLOR'S STARTLING the Chicago Bible Institute, favors us PROPHECY with a complete history of this pre- diction, which should accompany, in .. BRETHREN, I HAVE A CONVICTION WHICH full, the prophecy itself, in order to I BEl,IEVE IS OF THE l,ORD, THAT, IN THE an intelligent conviction of its value. NEXT TEN YEARS, THERE WIl,l, OCCUR ONE The correspondence will be found in OF THE Bl,OODIEST WARS IN THE WORI,D'S the editorial department. HISTORY. IN THIS WAR RUSSIA WII,l, BE THE l,EADER ON THE ONE SIDE. THE SEN- SIGNAL EVENTS AND SIGNS OF GOD TIMENT OF THE CHRISTIAN NATIONS WIl,l, GENERAl,l,Y BE AGAINST RUSSIA. CONTEM- Turn to whatever quarter we will, PORANEOUS WITH THIS CONFl,ICT, THERE the horizon blazes with signal lights. SHAl,L BURST OUT A REVIVAl, SUCH AS WAS How few are watching them and read- NEVER KNOWN IN THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH, ing their true significance! Is it in- AND WHICH SHAl,l, SPREAD THROUGHOUT deed possible to see their real, Divine THE WORl,D, TURNING MANY UNTO RIGHT- meaning without illumined vision? EOUSNESS. AND, MY BRETHREN, IT IS MORE- Elisha prayed for his servant: "Lord, OVER MY CONVICTION, THAT IMMEDIATELY open his eyes that he may see!" and FOLLOWING THIS MIGHTY OUTPOURING OF immediately that servant became a THE HOLY SPIRIT, THE I,ORD HIMSELF WIl,I, seer. The hitherto invisible guard of COME." angels that encompassed the prophet burst on his clarified vision. God sets These words are so remarkable, that, his signals on the historic horizon, but when printed in the December num- they become signals only to the clear ber of The Institute Tie, at Chicago, eyes of His own watchers.

as having been uttered by J. Hudson Certainly stupendous changes are taking place from sunrise to sunset, Taylor, in China, ten years before, and from pole to pole. Great upheavthey"created not only intense and wide- als, political and social; civil and ecspread interest, but led to careful tracing to their source, to see if they could be relied on as authentic.

Mr. A. P. Fitt, Mr. Moody's sonin-law, and successor in the work at clesiastical revolutions; battles of the tnea's groom, whom the goddess gave ages coming apparently to their hour to Sir Artegal-this Man of Iron, "unof decisive crisis. Do we read the les- movable and resistless without end," sons of history aright? And, if not, "swift as a swallow, and as a lion how shall we meet the duty of the strong," who bore in his hand a huge hour? No man can afford in these iron flail "with which he threshed out days an hour's spiritual sleep or sloth, falsehood and did truth unfold," he for the pace of events is at lightning was meant to represent Power, or the speed. A decade of years now sees Executive of a State. But suppose the changes that a century did not witness iron flail be used as the weapon of in the time of Alfred the Great, or a ignorance and bigotry! Talus, as a thousand years in the days of Abra- blind monster, laying about him with ham. wild fury, and heedless of what he lays low! Yet that is precisely the THE SUNRISE KINGDOM "Yellow Peril" of to-day-conscious energy, misdirected, uncontrolled, and Japan has in fi~ty years come out of furious with fanaticism and revenge. seclusion and hiding as a hennit nation, and taken her place among the THE LAND OF THE HINDUS foremost nations of the world. There has never been any like instance of India is, next to China, the "world" rapid progress. Forty millions of peo- of Asia. Twenty-five years ago Britple made the Chinese empire with four ain boasted of her 253,000,000 of subhundred millions, sue for peace, and jects in the land of the Hindus. How actually made the Russian empire, with long could an island nation of about over one hundred millions, stagger. as many people as Japan hold in sub- There is not a power on earth to-day jection that great Asiatic empire, if that would like to cope with the Sun- India was once roused? Britain is rise Kingdom. And Japan offers the deservedly proud of her great educagrandest opportunity for missions that tional system, in India, and its effectthe Orient supplies. If that nation, iveness in breaking the bonds of anso impressible, could be thoroughly cient superstition. But even idolatry is evangelized and made a missi~nary better than atheism, for atheism is the people, it might become the witness- mother of anarchy. Young Hindu stuing nation of the East, and mold the dents find the light of science making continent of Asia! their past religious beliefs untenable; but what if while they burn their idols THE CELESTIAL EMPIRE they do not find the true God! What if British civilization is only construct- China is awaking and becoming ing a new Frankenstein out of the fragconscious of her gianthood. When a ments of an exploded superstition~an sleeping giant does wake, everything educated community without a soul! depends on how he uses his strength. a monster with muscular strength, pas- It may be turned to constructive or sions of tropical heat, intellectual destructive ends. Which shall it be? acumen-and arming it with the keen- When Spenser pictured Talus, the est weapons of intelligence, but "no Iron Man, in his Faerie Queene, As-

I 906] SIGNS OF THE TIMES

breath of Divinity I" Powerful for 1884, saw sixteen nations represented to erect a new state in the valley of evil, but with no celestial motive, un- the Kongo—is the greatest disgrace of modem civilization, where nameless conscious of moral defect and deform- horrors are forever linked with the rubber trade, and due, not to native ity, because measuring everything by Africans, but to those who undertake their "development 1" Yet in Uganda, a purely mental standard, and, like in that same Dark Continent, there has been a transformation under the Gos- Mrs. Shelley's creation, using its ener- pel's power, that probably has for ra- pidity no rival in mission history. gies to avenge itself on the very power LESSONS IN GOD'S SCHOOL that gave it being. ' Here are a few of the Signs of the THE CRESCENT AND THE GREEN Times, and what do they mean? If FLAG we are not wholly blind ourselves to God's signals, they are a call-a chal- There is Islam. What a significant lenge-to two grand move.ments on factor in the world's annals. It is the part of His people-preaching and nearly thirteen hundred years since pra}'ing. Nothing but the Gospel can the first Hegira, and Mecca is scarce meet the crises of these various peoapproached. Nowhere is the Koran ples-controlling the Talus and indisplaced by the Bible, and the famous spiring the Frankenstein of the Ori- "Eastern question" pivots about the ent; turning Mecca into a Calvary, Saracen. No ruler is so hated as the and the Darkness of Africa into Day. Sultan, yet the whole world stands in We must send more men and women awe of him. Islam still counts its to the front, and we must give more 216,000,000. Its methods are Jesuit- money to furnish the sinews of war. ical for subtlety and secrecy, and rival Fifteen thousand missionaries, even the J anizaries for fanaticism and blind reinforced by five times as many naobedience to authority. There are tive helpers, can not cope with nine signs to the observant, that Islam is hundred millions of heathen. A palgetting ready for a new campaign of try eighteen million dollars can not aggressive warfare. Even now mis- even keep the work where it is, far sionaries that propose a conference as less provide for expansion. We must to work among Moslems, dare not an- not send a little band of workers into nounce publicly the time and place of the midst of foes, sixty thousand times meeting. as mltHY, and even then not keep open the line of communication! REALM OF THE DEATH·SHADE THE CALL TO PRAYER Africa is even yet the "Dark Continent." Exploration has let in light on If God's voice is just now emphasizher interior, but only evangelization ing anything, it is pra)ler. Less than can illumine Africa's moral state. Eu- four years ago, prayer circles began ropean nations are slicing up her territory among them, but it is in the interests of domain and greed-not, alas! for the Gospel's sake. And the Kongo Free State, over which we rejoiced twenty years ago, ·as the great International Conference at Berlin in

to multiply with strange rapidity and .. HAVE YOU CAUGHT THE PRAYER spontaneity. Always in history God PASSION?" has led His own supplicators to unite in definite prayer, when He was ready SO asks a prayer circular, recently to pour out new blessing, and during issued in India, and it is an all-import- these past four years there has been ant question. Of all the helps to a remarkable union for definite bless- world-wide missions, and world-wide ing-namely, a new and universal revival, prayer easily takes prece- Rain of the Spirit. dence and preeminence. Indeed, on that depend all the rest, going, giving, And with what result! In at least preaching, winning souls. This circuforty different widely scattered cen- lar urges frequent prayer, at morning, ters marvelous revivals have kindled, evening, noon; prolonged prayer, free unprecedented in power and results, from hurry and preoccupation; intense in the memory of man. Beginning in prayer, begotten of devout meditation Wales, then the fire began to spread, on poor India's need and the Gospel's not only in various parts of Great power. Britain, but almost simultaneously in fifteen or twenty places in the United That such prayer is the command- States; then conspicuously in India, at ing need of the hour, is plain from the between twenty and thirty points; then fact that, wherever great blessing is in Germany, Sweden, and Norway; coming in India, men are found who at various points in Africa, particular- have given themselves up to prayer ly Uganda, Livingstonia, in the Kon- in a new way. They have been led to go Balolo missions, and in Madagas- see that work-even Christian work, car; in Australia and Tasmania, in may degenerate into machinery, into some parts of China and Korea, etc. routine, and prove a hindrance instead Before these lines reach the reader, of a help to true service. One misthere will be other reports, probably sionary laid aside his studies of the making this list very inadequate. language for twelve months that he might absorb himself in the single In these days of naturalism, God matter of seeking from God both his is offsetting this awful tendency by message and his unction. He gave manifestations too obviously super- himself literally to prayer and Bible natural to allow of any human expla- study, and when, afterward, he turned nation. He is answering doubt by attention to the vernacular, he felt giving new proofs of its unreasonable- himself aided of God to master it ness. If the Church will only pray, with such rapidity as more than made and pray in reality and in faith, these up for a year's delay. In the Punjab, signs will multiply, and these revival prayer has wrought such change in fires will spread, and with resistless en- the lives of disciples, that even those ergy. Obstacles to the Gospel that no who can neither read nor write have power of man could either surmount won souls and taught others how to or remove, will burn up, melt away, pray, and four native pastors have and not only individual hearts yield come to such a new sense of privilege to Christ, but systems of error give in service as to resign all pay for their way before the Advance of Jehovah. preaching!

I906] SIGNS OF THE TIMES

This "prayer passion," thus urgently THE HAYSTACK CENTENNIAL pressed upon the attention of Chris- In 1806, five students at Williamstian workers a year ago, accounts for town, Mass., led by Samuel ]. Mills, the outpourings of blessing since, so meeting for prayer in behalf of misthat as this new year advances, the sions, and privately because of opposisacred flood is descending "in places tion, sought shelter under a haystack almost beyond counting 1" The reports during a thunder storm. That haycome from so many points that we stack is now commemorated by a marcan do no more than mention them: ble monument, but the event has its The Punjab, Belgaum, Neemuch, Sur- grandest memorial in the whole work andai, (Tinnevelly) Meerut, Bellary, of modern missions. On Jan. 23, the Penukonda (Aranlapur) Asansol, Be- A.B.C.F.M. began in fifty cities a nares, Ratnagiri, etc. Four marked campaign in behalf of missions, prifeatures appear: A deep conviction of marily to reach laymen. Dr. Arthur sin, even where the outward life has H. Smith, returned from China for been blameless; prolonged fasting and the purpose, leads the campaign. The intercession, sometimes for hours and exact anniversary is to be kept in even days; prayer meetings of new Williamstown in October. This whole spontaneity and power; multiplied movement should be accompanied by conversion, accompanied with deep prayer. emotion.

HOMAGE TO SATAN FALSE FAITHS AND THE CHRI.ST A poor maniac over in Michigan Dagon (1. Sam. v.) the Philistine has erected a statue of Satan in his God, was represented with a human front yard. He boasts being an infi- head and arms, and a dolphin's, tail.

del and the devil's good friend. Those In his right hand, a fish, head up- who know him are willing to admit ward; in his left, another, head down- that his conduct does not belie the ward. This ingenious emblem signi- character. fied that Aon-the abbreviated name, Some one adds, "We can not under- (Dag-aon-the fish-aon) began his stand the necessity of raising a statue course on land, in the east (the of stone to His Majesty of Hell. He front) figured by the human forehas monuments already everywhere, part; and ended it, in the sea, in the not excepting Detroit. Wherever west (the back) figured by the hind there is a wrecked life, or a blasted part,-the fish tail; that it reaches its hope, Satan has reared his monument. greatest elevation at the right hand The life deeds of no great one are in (south) as implied in the fish directed more evidence than are his. There is upward, and sank below the horizon, no hamlet in Christendom or heathen- at his left, (north) as expressed by dom that is not filled with his repel- the fish turned down. This is a curious lent effigy. A monument to Satan, in- symbolic expression of the 'supposed deed! We would subscribe to a fund universality of this pagan religion.

that would build him a tomb and help Yet, to-day, not a worshiper or temple hasten the day when he will be locked of this great Philistine god remains.

therein for at least a thousand years." But the Christ of God is marching on.

His Cross reaches its arms east and rule, would, of course, be the death- west and points to Heaven while it blow to missions. Nay, more, carried stands on earth. In Him, Heaven and to its logical conclusion, it would jus- earth meet, and from the rising of the tify the extermination of at least one- sun even to the going down of the third of the race, whose present con- same, His name shall be great among ditions, physical, mental, and moral, the nations. All other faiths fade out would perpetuate misery to themselves of human history, but the Gospel of and others, and to mere science pre- the Cross is winning new triumphs, sent an insoluble problem. The Word and before it every Dagon is doomed of God te.aches us that even animal to fall. life begins and ends with a Divine fiat; (Psalm civ.: 29-30) and that human SCIENTIFIC MURDER suffering is disciplinary, and that, as the assayer sits by, and watches the The recent discussions, in the daily metal in the crucible, lest, by a single papers, of the subject of Euthanasia- degree th'e heat exceeds its need, or the legitimacy of quietly administering is by a moment unduly prolonged, God a fatal dose of drugs, to those who watches the souls He purifies by sufare acutely suffering and can not ap- fering. (Mal. iii.: 3.) We can not parently be restored to health,-reveal withhold a solemn protest against this the appalling practical Atheism of the modern and atrocious doctrine. Were age. That it should be calmly argued it otherwise defensible, man, at his that human beings are thus deliber- best, is but a fallible judge of the conately to assume the responsibility of ditions justifying such an act; and to cutting life's mystic thread, when in sanction it by law or custom would be their opinion, consideration for the to put into the hands of the worst patient and those who attend upon and most unprincipled a terrific weathe sick demands it, is an astonishing pon of destruction. It would be improof of how little God is taken into possible to draw safe lines of disaccount as a present God. Life is His crimination, as to when and where gift, and it is His alone to take it. No such euthanasia would be permissible. man can tell when death is inevitable, The awful scepter of life and death nor when the ends of suffering are ac- must be left in Divine hands. complished. If such scientific murder is justifiable, so is suicide when life OPIUM PROHIBITED IN AUSTRALIA becomes intolerable. All the sacred sanctions which invest human life are Altho it means a heavy Ibss in gone, when such a theory is espoused. Practically there is no God-or He is revenue, all the Austmlian Sta:tes have too far off to be of use. Man becomes the victim of blind forces, which are prohibited the sale and growth of fatalistic. Science comes in, to act as the judge, determining when existence opium in their commonwealth. is no more worth the price of prolonging it. Such a theory, if permitted to Queensland alone cuts off an income of $80,000 yearly. This i,s a good ex- ample for vhe mother government to follow in her Indian Empire. .

~47 I

BEACON LIGHTS IN MISSION HISTORY ALEXANDER DUFF BY THE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF REV. ALEXANDER DUFF AT THIRTY the commanding personality of his day. But farther back still, he re- This famous Scotchman not only membered how the preaching of ranks among the foremost missionar- Charles Simeon, passing through ies of his own century, but among the Moulin, his birthplace, kindled a reviforemost leaders, not over twenty in val flame that swept over the whole number, who have marched in the neighborhood. Among the converts van of missionary enterprise since the were those who became Duff's pardavs of Paul-such as Zinzendorf and ents, and never ceased to feel the Schwartz, Moffat and Morrison, Liv- sway of the seraphic Simeon's characingstone and Carey, John Villiams ter and words; and under their trainand John Wilson, Hepburn and Ver- ing the young child turned toward a beck, Mackay, of Formosa, and Mac- ministry of mercy and love. Thus kay of Uganda, Scudder and Riggs, the evangelistic ardor of Simeon left Judson and Martyn,-the princes of behind the kindling coals of a misthe Lord's Host. sionary spirit, which were kept glow- ing by the prayers and meditations of Duff was doubly a pioneer-the these young parents on the destitution first missionary of the Church of of a lost world; an example of the Scotland in India; and the leader in minute causes and seeming accidents the higher education of the Brahmans. to which a heroic life of labor may ultimately be traced as a stream to its He traced the inspiration of his mis- spring. sionary career to three notable men; first, Dr. Inglis, Convener of Missions Duff shone conspicuous as a misin the 5cotch Church, who twice pro- sionary orator, educator, organizer, posed to him the foreign field; second, author and editor. As an orator, he Dr. Chalmers, his teacher at Edinburgh, was unique, and will be known through whose great intellectuality and spirit- the ages as the great missionary aduality were fired with marvelous mis- vocate. His addresses were no models sionary fervor, and who was doubtless of graceful and elegant elocution. He had no rules, or, if he had, they could not rule him. He had neither studied the art of the declaimer, nor would 'have been accepted as a model in any school of rhetoric. Oratory has its code of laws, but he broke the whole decalog at once. His ges- tures were irregular, uncouth, spas- modic, awkward, and grotesque. His muscles shared his mental tension, and beCame rigid. He twitched the fore- arm, hitched the shoulder, swung his

long arm around his coat-tails, catch- him, oblivious of notes, in the fascina- ing and holding them up with the tion of his eloquence.

right, leaving the left free to do His mission tour in the United his pounding, this being his pe- States in 1854 is still vividly remem- culiar form of emphasis, or, as has bered by any survivors who heard been playfully said, of expounding him. He swept over the land like a his theme. prairie fire, awakening intense and He was a master of climax. His burning enthusiasm for mIssIons.

long sentences turned like a cork- Tho it was still the primitive pe- screw, boring deeper and deeper at riod of the young republic, when the every new turn and twist, until, as development of new territory absorb- when a cork is withdrawn, feeling ed attention, his addresses widened burst forth in tears, sighs, or shouts the horizon of his hearers, and gave of applause. such impulse to missions abroad as For hours he held his hearers en- has since been imparted by no single tranced and enwrapt, while his words speaker.

flowed as in a torrent of fire, sweeping In Scotland the work he did for everything before them like a volcanic missions in his home visits in 1834 flood. His marvelous memory, both and 1849, and from 1863, when he ready and retentive, was a field mar- was obliged to abandon India alto- shal, arranging facts so that, at his gether, was such as few others have command, they stood up in ranks and ever done. On Indian affairs and regiments to obey his will and capture Christian missions he was a first class the enemy. His brilliant imagination authority, and the service rendered to dared the loftiest flights, while avoid- the home Church was doubtless fully ing absurd and fanciful extremes; as great as to the vast Oriental empire and a contagious enthusiasm impart- beside the Ganges. He shone as an ed to his whole being an indescribable organizer, his immense influence get- glow and warmth which spread to his ting the Scotchmen into line and de- audience as fire kindles fire. veloping praying and giving to new He expended in speaking so vast proportions. But especially was· the an amount of vital force that his ad- effect felt in self-giving and the con- dress~s exhausted him sometimes to secration of family life, so that child- the point of peril; and yet he neither ren were begotten and bred for a roared nor ranted; it was not like missionary career. In his last address the thunder, but like the flash, or a se- before the assembly in r8so, his thrill- ries of flashes, of the lightning. ing appeal was probably without a To take down his speeches was next parallel, before or since.

to impossible: it was like trying to re- As to his methods of preparation, a port a sunset, or a display of aurora friend once confessed himself puzzled splendors, or a shower of meteors, or to understand how such finished and a storm at sea when cyclonic winds artistic oratory was possible in ad- lift mountain waves and heave water- dresses apparently impromptu. Duff spouts. The reporters found them- explained that when he had any par- selves resting upon their elbows, their ticular address in view, he first thor- mouths agape, their eyes fixed on oughly studied and mastered all the

I9<J6] BEACON LIGHTS IN MISSION HISTORY

details of the subject, leaving to the cedars of Lebanon. It was scarcely moment the word-clothing of his three years after he had begun his thoughts. If, however, any parts re- work, before even the native princes quired special care and delicacy in and scholars gave it support and sanc- handling, he carefully went over them tion; and, when the disruption of the in mind, until even the forms of Scotch Church threw his college into expression took definite shape. other hands, identifying himself with His election, on two occasions, to the young Free Church, he started the moderator's chair was one sign anew, organizing on a larger scale his of his hold upon fellow believers in whole work, educational and mission- his native land. No man, since Paul, ary.

has done more to kindle and feed the He was warmly seconded in effort fires of world-wide missions; and as by Macaulay, and Sir Chas. Trevylyan, the result of his expressed wish and who gave as his opinion that the con- will, the property left by him was in- version of India will at last take place vested so as to maintain the "Duff suddenly and at wholesale.

Missionary Lectureship"-since filled "The country will have Christian by Dr. Thomas Smith, Sir Monier instruction infused into it by direct Williams, Dr. Fleming Stevenson, Dr. missionary education, and induced by Marshall Lang, Dr. Stewart, and oth- books of various kinds and in ers, including the writer. all the conceivable ways in which As a man, Duff blended the fervor knowledge is communicated. Then of Simeon, the fearlessness of Knox, at last, when society is completely sat- the force of Chalmers, and the fire of urated with the knowledge, they will Erskine. come over by thousands. The plan As an educator, he struck out a pio- is like undermining a fortress pre- neer path. He found many native paring for a collapse."

Hindus open to instruction, and his Bishop Cotton, of Calcutta, in his aim was, first, to undermine their su- Metropolitan charge, says: perstitions by showing them how un- "It was the special glory of Alexan- tenable and unscientific was the der Duff that, arriving in the midst teaching inseparable from their re- of a great intellectual movement, of ligion; and, then, to lead them to a completely atheistical character, he adopt Christianity as a substitute for at once resolved to make that charac- their abandoned faith. He was, there- ter Christian. When the new genera- fore, not a teacher of purely religious tion of Bengalese,-and too many, truth alone, but used the science and alas! of their European friends and learning of the Occident as a forerun- teachers,-were talking of Christian- ner to prepare the way for the Gos- ity as an obsolete superstition, Duff pel. suddenly burst upon the scene with New methods, like new coin, are his unhesitating faith, his indomita- handled with suspicion; and he had ble energy, his varied erudition, and to meet not only misrepresentation, his never-failing stream of fervid elo- but antagonism; but the storm of op- quence, to teach them that the Gospel position only rooted the young plant was not dead or sleeping, not the ally more firmly, as fierce winds do the of ignorance or error, not ashamed or

unable to vindicate its claims to uni- trial on the way to the field. Even versal reverence, but that, then, as al- the winds and waves seemed against ways, it was marching forward in the them. They were twice wrecked; van of civilization, and that the Church once near Africa, and once near In- of it was still the Light of the World." dia, and it is significant that, while It is certain that the work which he lost his library, he saved his Bible.

he did in India can never be undone On disembarking, he took refuge in unless those whom he left behind are a village temple with only this Bible faithless to his example. and Psalm book, and so began his He was another Peter, the Her- work.

mit, trumpeting forth the signal of a When he proposed his school in Cal- new crusade, both urging and leading cutta, no one among his advisers, but God's people onward in a more heroic Carey, openly approved; and yet he campaign. During a whole generation persisted. He got his inspiration to he carried the assault against the cita- a missionary life partly, no doubt, del of idolatry and superstition in In- from the Students' Society formed dia, not only instituting new methods at St. Andrews as early as 1824-25, of education, but founding missions, which did for him somewhat what the and not in India only, but in Syria and Haystack Meetings at Williams Col- the New Hebrides; moving hundreds lege did for Mills and Judson and to give themselves as missionaries, and their little band; or the meetings at thousands to give, who could not go. Lincoln College, three-quarters of a Much of the influence of Chalmers century before for the Wesleys and reappears in Duff's career. As early Whitefield, the "Holy Club."

as 1812, before the Dundee Mission- Here is anqther pregnant lesson. It ary Society, his great teacher had is always worth while for even a few held up the Word of God and the who are like-minded, to get together Messenger of Christ as God's double for joint prayer and spiritual culture.

method for spreading the Gospel; and The promise is to "two or three,"- two years after, before the Scottish the smallest possible company. The Propagation Society, had given simi- only condition is "gathered together lar testimony to the value of missions. in My Name," and then the divine Duff had heard Chalmers and the im- promise is "there am I, in the midst pression which could never be effac- of them." There is always a Third ed, was deepened by closer contact Person present, even with two thus with him as a professor in the univer- meeting. All the greatest spiritual ~ity, and as a personal friend and coun- movements have had small begin- sellor. When Duff first gave himself nings! The power of the "Holy Club"

to the ministry, at about the age of and of the "Haystack Meeting" is to- 21, he had not determined to go day not spent, but more pervasive abroad. The death of John Urquhart, than ever. The "Student Volunteer"

in 1828, his school-fellow and friend, movement started with half a dozen brought him to the crisis of decision. in Cambridge in 1884, and with about He married Miss Annie Scott Drys- a score in Mt. Hermon in 1886, yet dale, who proved a great blessing and to-day it is belting the globe 1 help. Like many others, they met Dr. Duff's work as an author was

BEACON LIGHTS IN MISSION

mostly limited by his great life work; in the knowledge of mlSSlOns, and he wrote, however, not only on mis- stimulate their prayers and gifts.

sions, but on germane themes, such as As Convener of the Foreign Mis- the Jesuits, the Indian Rebellion, etc., sions Committee he was the heart of and The Calcutta Review was main- all the mission work of the Free ly established through his editorial Church. During the fourteen years he work. occupied that post, he enlarged all the His life story is easily outlined. Church activities, especially in Africa, Born at Pitlockry, in Perthshire, in and established missions already in 1806, he died in 1878, at 72. His uni- operation.

versity course at St. Andrews was He set before him three objects: such that he was often referred to as I. To 'organize a missionary insti- its most illustrious student. His mis- tution for practical training of candi- sionary career, begun at the age of dates.

23, fills the rest of his life~nearIy 2. A Quarterly Review, to furnish forty-nine }'ears. In fact, Duff gave reliable missionary information.

a half century to missions; for, fifty 3· A professorship of evangelical years before his death, his decision and evangelistic theology. in favor of the mission field had Ten thou~andpounds were prompt- reached its crisis; and, although. he ly raised for the new chair, and he finally returned to England in 1863, was unanimously elected to fill it, and the last sixteen years were as truly notwithstanding all his other duties, and effectively given to the, work of he could not decline, tho he would missions as those spent on the field. not use the salary, except to establish For convenience sake we may divide the missionary institute he hoped to his life into three periods: found.

I. The Preparatory. 1806-1829. When, in 1843, at the disruption of 2. The Actual Work Abroad. 1829- the Scotch Church, the missionaries 1863. had to range themselves on one side 3· The Church-Educating and Or- or the other, he cast in his lot with ganizing Period. 1863-1878. the Free Church, tho this involved God only knows which of the two the surrender to other hands of all latter had the most important and the work he had so grandly begun in permanent bearing on missions. The India. But, entirely undiscouraged last fifteen years, he, like Elisha, was and undaunted, he undertook, as has casting in salt at the fountain, purify- been said, to start anew, and carried ing the mission stream at its source, his educational work to a greater suc- and turning many little rills of prayer, cess than ever before. He might have sympathy and benevolence into one contended, that, as the work was of great and deepening bed of mission- his own planting and nourishing, it ary interest and activity. God first should remain under his control; but prepared him to go to India-then with the spirit of Isaac, at the wells made him a mighty power for build- for which others strove, he did not ing up a great educational' system press his rights, but magnaminously there; and finally sent him home, to surrendered all claims in the spirit of train the Christians of his own land a peace-maker. But the Lord did not

suffer his work to decline in conse- culty had been tunneled through, and quence, and the result was, as in the Valley of Humiliation had been Isaac's case, only another and deeper leveled up; and, between the towns- well of learning, digged in India's men of Vanity Fair and the pilgrims, soil. there was now a very good under- standing and considerable traffic. Duff was smgularly open to the ap- peal of facts, and oppressed with a The silver mine of Demas also was worked by the pilgrims to great ad- DR. ALEXANDl£R DlJ,to'F AT 8JiiVENTY vantage; and Doubting Castle was quite an airy-looking edifice, built in world's destitution. The needs of India the most modern style. There was -a little world itself-grew on his even a steam ferry-boat over the mind and heart. He thought, for in- bridgeless river, to which, however, stance, of her 13°,060,000 women and there was this one drawback-that no girls. To give each a Bible at the rate one knew whether it ever reached of 24,000 a day, or 1,000 an hour, day the city on the other side or not; for and night-I6 a minute-would take at that moment the dreamer awoke nearly sixteen years! and had, therefore, no more to relate."

Duff lived in an age more fitted to One of the greatest obstacles to all develop great missionaries. Haw- true missionary consecration is the thorne, in his new dream of the Pil- fact that we are living in an age of grim's Progress-his Celestial Rail- worldliness. The secular spirit in the road-satirically writes; "He found, Church has almost stifled the simplicon visiting the City of Destruction, in ity of primitive days. The days of a dream, that there was now a rail- Duff-more than half a century ago, road between that place and the celes- were much more primitive than our tial city, so that a pilgrim's progress own-the habits of the average disciwas by no means the stern experience ple far more frugal. A household lived it used to be. on what it now takes to keep one sin- gle man or woman. Scotch families of The Slough of Despond was con- a dozen sometimes lived in comfort on verted into firm ground. There was less than 1200 a year, and out no need of- any stopping at the House of such families came educated men of the Interpreter. The Hill Diffi- and women. Church buildings then were plain, inexpensive, and the min- isters lived among the common folk, with modest manses and glebes-culti- vating the soil to eke out a subsistence, and the churches had no costly choirs or organs, garniture or furniture, and no ungodly "trustees" cursed the house of God by nourishing a secular spirit.

Still worse, this age is one of doubt and of its bold proclamation by so-called preachers and teach-

LIGHTS IN MISSION HISTORY

ers-an age of rationalism, with a Lord Jesus." There is the process of determined effort to eliminate the dying. This means that, in everything supernatural from the Word of God, in which the will of God crosses my and from the life of the saint; an will, I say "Thy' will be done." Our age of prayerlessness, when the spir- Lord was "crucified through weak- itual energy is taken out of suppli- ness," i. e.) in consequence of weak- cation by the doctrine of the reign of ness-crucified in consequence of his immutable natural laws, a fixed order voluntary consent to be weak, help- in the universe of morals as well as less, unresisting. Weare to abandon matter; an age of unrest, when even all self-will, and be meek and quiet disciples consider it legitimate to be to the point of absolute unresisting- absorbed like the world in ceaseless ness, before the will of God. If we pursuit of the baubles of ambition and die daily, i. e., daily accept anew this avarice and the pleasures of appetite; humiliating death process, with all its an age of selfishness, when loud-voiced painfulness, the life of Jesus will daily indulgence prevails,and benevolence is be made manifest in our mortal flesh, crowded into the background, or stifled and more and more manifest. This by habits of self-seeking and pleasing; dying is daily-never wholly complet- an age of formality, when ritualism is ed, so that we are dead-because the endangering all true heart religion, self-life is so subtle, manifold, and substituting a gilded and spectacular evasive, that it constantly reappears- .ceremonial for heart piety and pure is never eliminated. All its forms worship. need rebuke and destruction. But as How can such an age develop he- we cut off one form, others seem to roic missionaries like Duff! When spring up, as .by magic. The fact is, the appeals of such are heard, as now however, that we are only getting and then, like stray meteors, they more discerning and clear-eyed to de- flash across our firmament, the effect tect the self-life. Some of its forms is almost as transient and evanescent are so subtle that they escape us- as a meteoric flash itself. We must some of them assume such disguises go back to some such church life as that we actually mistake vice for vir- prevailed in the generation past, or, tue. It is a long-a life-long struggle best of all, in apostlic days, if we are -before the life of self-abnegation is to have more such men as Burns, made to be manifest in our mortal Dowen, and Brainerd, Payson, Mc- flesh.

Cheyne, and Muller-no two of whom The power of passion for souls is, were alike, yet in different spheres left after all, the indispensable impulse of on the world a mighty and lasting im- a missionary career. When Duff real- pression. ized that he was saved, he at once We all need to learn a lesson which realized that he was saved to save, and Duff learned early, that we must die besought God to take him and make to self if we are to live to God. Paul him a blessing. And only some such said, "[ die daily'!-"always bearing mighty passion for souls will make about in the body the dying of the other missionaries of Duff's type!

UNBAPTIZED VOLUNTEER MISSIONARY

OF HIS WORK AND ITS RESULT .

BY THE REV. JACOB CHAMBERLAIN, M.D., D.D., COONOOR, INDIA In the cool season of 1861-2 my As- I pressed the claims of Jesus Christ sistant Catechist at Palmaner, which as such a Redeemer upon his imme- was then my station, came to me, say- diate attention. He seemed much af- ing that a cousin of his, not a Chris- fected, and readily promised to call tian, was passing through the place and have another conversation on his on a business trip for the purchase return from his expedition, and left, of plowing oxen, and had stopped to taking with him the Gospel of John see him and asked if he might bring and some practical Christian tracts, him to see me, and if I would like to read in his evenings and his leito talk with him. He soon came with sure hours while gone. him, and we had a long and earnest talk as they sat together on a rug at Ten days later, returning with six the end of my study table. or eight yoke of plow-bullocks., he spent a night at Palmaner, and came The cousin's name was Kornapati to see me, himself reopening our con- Souri. He was a young ryot, or versation about the Divine Redeemer. farmer, living in a village near Mad- We talked long and earnestly into the ras City. He had attended a school night, and when, after a prayer with among the Roman Catholics near his and for him, he took his leave, intendnative village, obtaining a good pri- ing to drive on his purchased bullocks mary education, and was the leading in the early morning, he gave me a man among the cultivators of his vil- promise with tears in his eyes, that lage, and the one always selected on he would try and find that Redeemer account of his education, intelligence, as his own, and I felt sure that he and probity, to conduct any case of meant what he said, for he seemed theirs before government officials, or like Nathaniel to be "one in whom in suits in the courts; and they had there was no guile." now united in sending him up to the Zemindary, or Native Kingdom, of A couple of months later he came Punganur, just beyond Palmaner, to up again to purchase more bullocks, purchase oxen for them all for the and came directly to see me. As he coming season's work, they agreeing came into my study and took his to do all his farm work in his absence. seat on the rug, his countenance fairly beamed, as he said, "I have found I was much drawn toward him. Jesus Christ as my own Redeemer, He seemed honest, so genuine and He has taken away all my sins, and sincere. He had learned considerable I am His." It was a jrJy now to ta)k elementary Christian truth from the with him of his new-found Savior, Roman' Catholics" and as I earnestly that Redeemer who was so precious to talked with him, he acknowledged his us both. "And now," I said to him, personal need of a Divine Redeemer "what are you going to do for that who could and would actually take dear Savior who has done so much away his sins. for you?" "I," said he, "what can I do for and bargaining for the bullocks offer- Him ?" "You can make Him known ed me; and often the people from to others, and get them also to accept other houses would come where I was Him," said 1. "How can I do that?" spending the night, and sit and listen said he. "I am not a catechist, nor a until it was very late, as I read from preacher. I am only an uneducated the books that brought me to Jesus; young farmer. I could not preach. I and, in the morning before I wo'uld do not see what I can do." start on to another village, some of them would come and ask me ques- "Well," said I, "you are going to tions about what I had read the night be out a fortnight in the Zemindary before. I wish I knew more about of Punganur, going from village to the Bible and better how to answer village purchasing cattle. You can their questions, for I do want them not talk cattle all day and all night; to know and love my Savior. May I you will have to stop somewhere to take some of these books with me t6 get your dinner, and when night my village so as to study them more comes, you will have to stop in some and have them to show and read to one's house for the night; and, while people wherever I go?" you are thus stopping in the houses of those who have never heard of "By all means," said 1. "Fill your your Redeemer, can you not tell them wallet, and noLonly read them to peoabout Him and about the joy and ple, but give a copy to any that want peace that you have found in com- one, and will promise to read it." mitting yourself entirely into His hands? I will give you some more He filled his wallet which he carof the Gospels and some tracts that ried at his side slung over his shoulhelp explain them, and you can read der, and went away driving his oxen them to the people and tell them all before him on the way to his village about that blessed Redeemer, can you a hundred miles east. not? Is it right for you, is it fair to Him, for you to do less than that?" I did not hear from him nor of him for several months, and then as "No sir, it is not. I'll do it, and I was wishing to open a little primary do all I can in each house where I school at Palmaner, I called his coushave a meal or spend the night." in, my assistant catechist, and asked him to write to him, and inquire if I gave him the promised books and he would leave his farming and come told him that I would be praying for to me as teacher of the primary school, him, that God would give him wis- and spend his spare time in studying dom, and courage, and faith to do the Bible and pursuing his education, all he could for his new-found Jesus, in which I would be glad to help him. and he took his leave and went on his journey. He came up at once to see me. He had a wife and one little son. His When he came back with his pur- wife fully sympathized with his new chase of oxen, he came right to my found joy and faith. I could offer study and said with evident gladness, him, as teacher of the little school, only "I have done it. I have read these eight rupees per month at first (then books in many houses, and talked equivalent to four dollars). But he evenings after my day's examining said that with economy they could

live upon that, and he wanted very now asked that he might be, before he much to obtain more education and entered upon his duties as teacher; have a chance to study the whole and, after his family came in. May, Bible. So he brought up his wife and 1862, he was baptized, himself asking child, and became our school-teacher. that the name of the Evangelist John, I asked him where he had been dur- by whose Gospel he had been brought ing the intervening months. He said to accept Jesus Christ as his Savior, that in his village they had wanted might he given to him, and he was some heavier, stronger oxen than he baptized as John Souri, and he and had found for sale in our direction, so his wife were received into the little the village people had put together newly formed church at Palmaner.

several hundred rupees and asked him He took hold of his duties as teacher to go a long way north where such of the little primary school with zeal cattle were to be had, and buy oxen and devotion, and out of school hours for them which they could use for he was diligent in his study of the cart-oxen as well as for plowing. He whole Word of God, and of such sec- had tied the rupees'in two long belt ular subjects as would better fit him bags around his waist under his for a mission helper, and his conduct clothing, and walked all the long way was that of a mature and zealous up to the Bezwada Taluq (country), Christian.

250 miles north from Madras, where The next year in June I was mak- he had heard that the kind of oxen ing arrangements for a long preaching they wanted were to be had at a rea- and Bible distributing tour up through sonable price, and, there in the town the Dominions of Nizam of Hydera- of Raghavapur and its surrounding bad, through a region up to that time villages, he had been able, in the never visited by a missionary, and of course of two weeks or so, to purchase whose inhabitants little was known.

all the oxen he desired, and with the It would be so long and arduous and aid of coolies he hired, had driven perhaps dangerous a trip, that I did them down through the back country n~t feel justified in ordering any par- to his own village without any mis- ticular native assistants to accompany hap. me, but called for four volunteers. He He told me that he had there pur- at once begged to be allowed to be sued the same course as in his second one of the four, and he had so won expedition near Palmaner, reading my esteem that I willingly accepted the Gospels and tracts each evening him, and nobly did he merit the con- to the people in whatever village he fidence I had put in him. The trip passed the night, and that the people was not without its hardships and not.

about Raghavapur had listened more without its dangers, but his courage closely and asked more interested never failed and he was never weary questions than the people near Pal- of surmounting hardships.

maner. He seemed very happy over If the carts with our boxes of Scrip- the seed he had been enabled to sow tures and books and equipage became on that trip, and said he often prayed stuck in the mire, it was he, with his that it might spring up and bear fruit. farmer's experience, and his knowl- He had not yet been baptized, but edge of the management of oxen, who

UNBAPTIZED VOLUNTEER

would strip off his preacher's coat and .at Bezwada, to give an account of a go in and get them out, and when in wonderful ingathering which had the north of Hyderabad, north of taken place a few years before in the Warangal, we came to a place in the region some little distance west of dense teak forests where we were told Bezwada.

that the previous week one of the I had heard him give this account drivers of carts that were endeavoring in the American Lutheran Mission to go through the jungle by that nar- Church at Rajahmandry, at a mission- row cart track, had been taken off by ary meeting in connection with our a tiger, he jumped on to the pole of Bible Revision Committee's previous the first cart, and taking the whip and session at fhat place, and it had so the driving ropes, fearlessly drove it, impressed us all that I had asked him with the others following, through the to repeat it in our church when we forest, out into the next clearing. He should meet at Madanapalle.

was one of the four assistants who Mr. Darling had, at Rajahmandry, were with me on that pivotal day told us how, some years previously, when, in the most desperate circum- some men had appeared at his house stances, we received that marvelous at Bezwada one day asking if he were answer to prayer which saved us as the man who knew about and told recorded in the first chapter of the lit- about the Divine Redeemer Yesu Kris- tle book "In The Tiger Jungle." All tu; and begging him, if so, to come the way through and around home with them to their village some twen- after a tour of 145 days, he was my ty or thirty miles west, for they all mainstay in all difficulties, nor did he wanted to learn more about Him, and quail when he saw the angry mob in join His religion. They brought with one town gather up stones to stone us. them a copy of the Gospel of John to Once, indeed, he succumbed to the show what they wanted. Although sun and jungle fever so that I had it was the hot season and not suitable to have him tied up in a blanket to for touring, they were so earnest that a long bamboo and carried one stage he could not refuse them, but took by coolies, but God spared him to me his tent and went with them at once.

and he reached his home again safely, He told us that, to his utter surprise, and after some months recovered from he found a score or two of heads of the jungle fever he had brought back families who knew a great deal about with him, and went with me to es- Christianity, and, on inquiry, learned tablish our new station at Madana- that some years before, in April, 1862, palle, where he was one of my most (as near as he could make out), a efficient and tireless touring and young man from far to the south had preaching assistants, having zealously come there, and had brought a lot of pushed on his studies all the time. these books, which he had read and Some years passed by. In August, explained to them evenings, while 1873, the Telugu Bible Revision Com- spending his days buying oxen in all mittee met at Madanapalle. On· our the villages around, and that they had "Missionary Sunday" I had asked one been ever since trying to find some of the committee, the Rev. Thomas one who' could tell them more about Y. Darling, the C. M. S. Missionary this "new way of getting rid of sin"

through the help of this Divine Re- with some of our people who seemed deemer, Yesu Kristu, whom that so intensely interested.

young man had taught them to love, After some little time, coming di- and to pray to. rectly into my study, he caught my Mr. Darling told us that he remain- hand in his own, all trembling with ed with them for many days and in- joyous excitement, saying, "Rejoice structed them, and that, before he left with me! I have found him. This is them, he baptized between twenty and one of the happiest days of my life. I thirty heads of families and many have found my man that I have been more were nearly ready for baptism. so long hunting for! It is your as- They could not tell him who that cat- sistant, John Souri." "How do you tle buyer was, nor how to find him, know?" said 1. "I stopped," said he, for they had themselves in vain tried "to answer some questions which the to find him and ask him to come back others asked about the story I had and tell them more about this won- told, and soon your catechist, John derful Savior, but had not succeeded Souri, asked in a very modest way: in tracing him, and that now, having 'When was it that that young man casually learned that he, Mr. Darling, was in those villages buying oxen?'

knew and told people about the same I told him that it was, as near as I Yesu K ristu, they had journeyed to could make it out, about April, r862.

him and asked him to come and in- 'And what were the names of the vil- struct them. lages ?' I told him and added, 'why, Mr. Darling said, .the work in that do you know anything about it?' 'I region had steadily gone on until it think I do, for I spent a fortnight in was one of the best developed mission villages of these names in that Taluq stations and congregations in their in March or April in r862, and each mission, and that, all these years he evening I gathered all the people I had been trying in vain to find some could, and told them what a Savior I clue to the man who had in such a had found, and read to them from the peculiar way started this movement Gospels, and explained them as well which was still spreading, or to find as I could, and when I came away I from what mission he had come, and gave them a number of Gospels -and was still hoping that, at some time tracts to read after I had gone, so and in some way, he might find him that they would not forget, but I never and let him know about the fruit of knew that any of those people had be- his volunteer work for Christ. – come Christians.'

This was in brief the story that "I grasped his hand," continued Mr. Darling had told at Rajahman- Mr. Darling, "and said, thank God, I dry, and which at my request, he re- have at last found the man I have peated at Madanapalle, as an incen- so long been seeking for, and thank tive to our people to do similar work Him still more for the fruit that He whenever opportunity occurred. has caused to spring up and grow and As soon as the service closed, the ripen from the seed which you then rest of us walked up to our bunga- sowed.' He seemed much affected, low, which was not far off, while Mr. and the tears stood in his eyes as he Darling waited to have a little talk said, 'I tried to sow the good seed,

r9Q6] THE UNBAPTIZED VOLUNTEER

but had no idea that God would so Rev. John Souri, and became co-pas- use it.' Did you know this before?" tor of the MadanapaIIe church, hav- said Mr. Darling to me. I replied, "I ing charge of the village congrega- knew that he had been up to that tions, scattered through that Taluq, Taluq purchasing oxen at that time, of many of which he had been the for it was just after that he came to chief means of their coming over to me and was baptil;ed, and told me that Christianity. He fulfilled a very he had, while on that trip, fulfilled his fruitful and blessed ministry until previous promise to me and told the December, I902, when he was pro- people evenings what a Savior he had moted to higher service in the immedi-· found, and read to them from the Gos- ate presen<:e of the King. Many pelsT had put in his hands, but I. had scores or hundreds of redeemed souls forgotten the names ·of the.· villages; will meet or have met him in glory, and, when I heard your story in Ra- telling him that he was under Gad, jahmandry it did not occur to me the means of their being there. But that these might be the same villages. no period of his ministry on earth But I thank God for this indication of was more fruitful or did more for the how His word 'does not return unto salvation of the Telugus, than the Him void,' but does, even now, 'accom- fortnight he passed buying oxen and plish that which He pleases.' " . reading and teaching the Gospels in A few years later, after further that northern Taluq in 1862, when he study and manifesting eminent fitness, was an as yet "unbaptized volunteer he was ordained to the ministry as missionary worker."

May we not add, that nothing helps training as a civil engineer that made any coworker with God to find his him the needful man in the famine of place, more surely than believing 1877; Dr. Gamewell's knowledge of prayer, coupled with complete self- military engineering that thrust him surrender. to the front in the siege of Peking by the Boxers; and hundreds of like ex- One of the "seven wonders" of mis- amples show that what is most needed sion history is the preadaptation of is to believe that God has for every workers to their wor.k-undiscovered believer a foreordained work and, if by themselves, until their new environ- trusted and obeyed, will, in His own ment developed or revealed it. Wil- time and way, bring the work and the liam Carey's boyish passion for workman together. (Ephesians ii. :10. ) strange tongues, John Williams' train- "For we are His workmanship, creing in ironmongery; Verbeck's unique ated in Christ Jesus unto good works, and manysided preparation for the which Goel hath before ordained that developing the new Japan; Judson's we should walk in them." unconscious discipline for laying foundations in Burmah; John E. Clough's

2.60

:lEW WATER BOUSE, ARG11:NTfNA ARGENTINE PROGRESS ny REV. A. MURRAY MILNE, OF BUENOS AYRES, ARGENTINA The object of this paper is to pre- tinent, and has one of the finest clisent some of the more prominent fea- mates in the world. It has an estimattures of development in Argentina, as ed area of 1,212,986 square miles, and witnessed by the writer during the last a popUlation of 5,160,986. Next to forty years, from three different stand- Brazil with its 3,218,166 square miles, points,-the material, intellectual, and and its population of about 17,000,000, religious. it is the largest and most populous country in South America. That more information concerning Argentina is needful in the United A very large proportion of it con- States, no less than in England, is seen sists of vast plains of rich alluvial in various ways. For instance, hardly land that extended from the east up to does a mail from the United States or the foot of the Cordilleras, which, like England reach us, that does not bring a gigantic wall from one to four miles some correspondence, addressed some- high, divide it in its whole extent on thing like a letter just to hand, posted the west from Chile. Not far from at Washington, Oct. 20, 1904-"Rev. the boundary, about two degrees north – – – Buenos Ayres, Brazil;" and from the parallel of Buenos Ayres, is this is from an International Bureau. situated Mount Aconcagua, which rises to an elevation 23,910 feet. It Area should be noted that this is the high- est mountain in the Western Hemis- Argentina is situated in the extrem- phere and is distinctly in Argentina, ity of South America, and, lying alto- not in Chile, as it is usually given in gether within the temperate zone, oc- English and American books. cupies the choicest portion of the con-

ARGENTINE

While at some points the spurs of tural machinery from the United the Andes extend a long way toward States and England has been largely the Atlantic coast, it is nevertheless imported for years, and the demand is true that the great mass of Argentina rapidly increasing. Forty years ago is flat. Thus the great transcontinen- . our bread was made from flour im- tal railroad which will very soon con- ported from the United States and nect Buenos Ayres with Valparaiso on Chile, as late as 1875 no less than 21,- the Pacific coast, runs all the way to 620 tons of grain having been import- Mendoza, a distance of six hundred ed. Last year the export of grain miles, almost without a curve, and from Argentina was 4,378,000 tons. without a single tunnel. The exportation of frozen meat was commenced about twenty years ago As late as thirty years ago some and is being greatly developed. In 120,000 square miles of these Pam- 1898, 5,867 tons of beef and 59,834 pas were occupied by perhaps 50,000 tons of mutton were exported. In Indians, nearly all of whom have been 1903 the figures were 85,520 and 78,- exterminated. In the extreme north 149 tons. Forty years ago the com- of the republic, between the rivers merce of Argentina was $49,000,000.

Bermejo and Pilcomayo, a few thous- In 1903 it was $352,000,000. In 1863 and remain, but in the Pampas there the number of immigrants that landed are none, and in Patagonia and Tier- at Buenos Ayres was 10,000; in 1903 ra del Fuego there are not to be found over 120,000 came to our shores.

more than 2,000, and these respect- In 1864, when Argentina had but ively represent three distinct tribes. 61 miles of railroad open to traffic, the and languages. It is not improbable produce of the country had to be that fleeing from annihilation some brought to market, and merchandise of them crossed the Cordilleras and conveyed to the interior, by trains of joined the Araucanians in Chile, where immense bullock carts. To-day Ar- the aborigines are treated more hu- gentina has about 12,000 miles of rail- manely. In Argentina their lands road with a rolling stock of about 50,- have been given away to government 000 cars of all classes, while the ag- officials, or sold to the public at about gregate capital invested exceeds five five per cent. of the price they would hundred and sixty million dollars.

yield to-day. Forty years ago there were but At that time land could be stocked three steamers a month that called at with horses and cattle at four and Buenos Ayres, and owing to the shal- six dollars a head. Little attention low water, these had to discharge and was given to breeding, the most val- load some ten or twelve miles from uable part of the animal being its land. Passengers were disembarked hide. To-day stock-raising is con- on large whale-boats, and often had sidered of the utmost importance, the to be transferred to row-boats, and very finest of the prize cattle from when the water happened to be very Scotland and England being imported low, they were conveyed by carts. To- for breeding. Only a few days ago day we have more than seventy regu- one of these imported animals was lar steamers from foreign ports, rep- sold at auction in this city for $16,000 resenting more than twenty different U. S. gold. The very latest agricul- lines.

Over 1,500 acres of land have been miles and is said to be the best in the reclaimed from the river Plate and world. large docks built at a cost of thirtysix million dollars gold, but even Comparing the increase in cultithese are not commodious enough to vated area from the years 1860 to meet the increasing demand, and it 1900, with that of other countries:* has been detennined to invest ten mil- ,ion more in enlargement. ——~I~~!~ Argentina………. I. '3.5 7. 16.8 In most parts well-water is brackish and unfit for drinking. Until some Australia….. .. …. 1. 3.3 4.7 12.2 thirty years ago the water-supply for the city of Buenos Ayres with its 200,- United States….. .. I. 1. 8 2.2 4.4 000 inhabitants, depended mainly on rain-water, collected from the roofs Canada ……•… ,.. 1. 1.3 1.6 37 of the houses into large underground cisterns, called aljibes, supplemented Brazil….. …. …. . . I, 2. 2. 3. by river-water distributed from door to door by water-carts. Some years Argelia ……. ,….. 1. 1.2 1.3 1.3 later, when part of the city was sup- Egypt……. . .. … . I. 1.3 1.5 plied with pipe-water, the pressure to 1,3 convey it to the houses was furnished by a water-tank in Plaza Lorea; this, E urope. ".. ….. … I. 1.16 1.18 1.24 of course, has now disappeared since the building of the new water-house The Argentine harvest in wheat about ten years ago. and linseed compared with other coun- tries in million hectoliters: The street-car service of Buenos Ayres covers about three hundred Wluat. Linseed COUNTR.IES. 1888 IB96 1900 1&j7 1899 —– – —- Europe …….. 485.6 548.5 . 536·5 II. 7·3 155. 2 189 7 United States .. 160.6 56.5 4· 7·3 74. 9 36 7 3. 2 I 4·4 India …… …. . 9"9 IS 3 Argentina .. … _ 8. 18.2 .2…5. II·3…2· 94 Australia … . .. 9· 14·9 .6. .07 .13 Canada. . . ….. . 13.1 8·7 8.3 6·5 Argelia.. . … . .. 8.4 7·3 23.6 7·9 5·5 ~!':~ : ::::::::I 3. 6 4·4 5. .13 .07 4·4 E~Pt ….. ….. 6.5 4·4 Chlle …. ……. 5 8 PEDDLING WATBR IN ARGENTINA.

• Copied froUl 77u Standard, Buenos Ayrel, March 5, 19"30

ARGENTINE

The accompanying diagram is cop- Education in the government insti- ied from the Official Bulletin of Ar- tutions is free and primary instruction gentine Demography: is compulsory between the ages of six Intellectual Progress and fourteen. Religion is forbidden Where there is material progress, it in the public schools, but it may be is obvious, and appeals to all even taught to children whose parents de- when but moderate; much more does sire it, on Saturdays by Roman Cath- it arrest attention when it has been olic priests or by Protestant ministers extraordinary, as has been the case in of the Gospel.

Argentina. Intellectual progress on During the last twenty years the the other hand is occult and not easy number of public schools has been to tabulate. Nevertheless there is no doubled and the number of children lack of data from which legitimate de- attending them tripled. A course of ductions may he drawn to illustrate five years in the national college pre- 1he intellectual advancement of Ar- pares for. the university of BueilOs gentina. Ayres, Cordoba, or La Plate, in either The postal communication per hun- of which a further course of se~en dred inhabitants is to-day ten times years is necessary for a degree as doc- what it was forty years ago. Up to tor in medicine, and six years for doc- 186g, when public instruction was tor in law. There are shorter courses largely in the hands of the Roman for some branches, but to graduate as Catholic clergy, only twenty-one per doctor in natural or exact science an cent. of the adult male population extended course is required. Facili- could read; to-day the average is thir- ties for technical education are espe- ty-eight per cent. Just here it is inter- cially advanced throughout the coun- esting to note the reflex influence of try.* the United States on this country. Religious Progress Our great educationalist and statesman, Ex-President Sarmiento, elected In all lands where Roman Catholiwhile Resident Minister at Washing- cism is the official religion and left unton, familiarized himself with the confronted by the preaching of the United States system of public instruc- Gospel, morals are lax; this, at least, tion, and was so captivated by it that is true of all the countries of South when he returned to take up the Ad- America. ministration (1868-1874) he adopted the American system bodily. He es- Protestant preaching in Argentina tablished normal colleges and high dates back to 1820, since which time schools in all the provincial capitals it has been maintained with little or and equipped the former with selected no interruption. Forty years ag~ teachers from the United States. there were in this country half a dozen ministers of the Gospel,-two Metho- As late as twenty years ago the dists, two Scotch Presbyterians, one ratio of children at school did not ex- Anglican, and one German Lutheran. ceed four and a half per cent. of the They were foreign pastors of foreign population; seventeen years later, flocks, and none of them could preach 1900, it had risen to ninety-four per in Spanish, indeed those of them who belonged to the State religion of their thousand, a trifle more than double. ~u!:igures culled from official and other published

PASSENGER PIER OF THIRTY YEARS AGO, Where all passengers had to land respective countries, did not consider year the Western South America it right to preach in Spanish, tho Conference was organized, and this this was already in demand through again has been divided. The numthe circulation of the Scriptures. ber of ordained ministers in the Thirty-seven years ago the honor of South American Conference is thirtybeing the first herald of the Gospel ip one, of which number five have their Argentina in the language of the sphere of labor outside of Argentina. country, fell to the lot of one of for- With two exceptions all preach 10 eign birth but brought up and con- Spanish. The published statistics, verted in Buenos Ayres and equipped which are as follows, embrace also for his great and glorious work by a the work in Uruguayan the opposite collegiate course in the United States. side of the River Plate: Members From 1867 Spanish preaching has 4,300, local preachers 40. Sundaybeen maintained by the M. E. Church schools 77, teachers 300, scholars over and has continued to expand, penetrat- 5,000. There are some ten day-schools, ing the adjacent countries. with over 1,000 pupils, under the auspices of the Missionary Society of In 1882 the Missionary Conference the M. E. Church. Bishop Neeley is was organized, and continued to as- on his way to Buenos Ayres as resisemble as such year by year, till 1893, dent General Superintendent. when in union with the missionaries of the same communion in Chile, the The Anglican Church has a resi- South America Annual Conference dent Bishop and some twelve or more was organized. By 1901 the numbers ordained ministers, of which number had grown to admit of a division, de- two preach in Spanish. Indeed, it is sirable on account of distance, diffi- only in recent times that this forward cult transit, and other reasons. That step was taken by the Church of Eng-

r– –

~ 31.& 30%- GIfAPHIC ~EPRESENTATION ——— —'''''' -…..— — — —– – — _.. . The av~rage annual increase of showin~ the population is represented by ve..flcal column, two milimeters high PlOP01lTIONAL O~OWTH fOr each thousand inhabitants.

ofdifferent countTies _.- accordi~ to the latest statisticS' r– – On each column is the name ~4.9 of the counb~.}' , theyear ofthe 1ol.6 by census, and the proportion of GABItIEL CA~CO – g~wth perthowand. mhabitants 2.1.9 In one year. 2.0% – _.. _..-_.- _.. –. —-.- .-….-.—…-. -…-..— –_…..——– ._. .- – _.- — r– – 20.'

– – . -18.8 0 r– 18.'1. – '7-4 ~ 17.0 ::>< cO 17.3 (.) r– r– Q. ua.:r a:: -' 16.1 r– I~./ 15.0 r – 1070 ——–.– — —.—- ~ – – – – .- – «:; – <« ~ Iz~ ;.! -«-_ t; .- a: — ?c – – 14,. " '" – 7.1 r– ::> &&J II) N I/) ·i3.6 . – 13.1 r– 14.0 c!) lz- 0v a: 111 r– B.1 < 123 12.1 12.7 ::> .- cO ~ i=«a:- «a: r– .IU-. _. . .- . ~- .- ~. c( ..J a:: . .- 0 Qu … .- .- :II ~. :> '895 1&91 ..- /1.1 . – 9.9 ~ N e( w 1872 0 -J c(. ~ 10J zc( "~ I~O' w 0 ~ ~ )0- e( 1&.1 zW a: ~ eSx: . 0 0 0 ~cr 9.3 0 tI) ..J !: U 0 IS~' ~ «Z 1&.1 I- ::> z ::> V) la:-: e( < z ~ ~ ' 0z r– Q «0z z (I) :I: :l « U! CI) '90' «a: ~ U > CI) Isy5 I' w ::> 7.3 7.5 Z -' «~…, ~ ::> cO (J ~ > ~ ~ a: 1tJ· «::) 190< 1901 ~ ..J i: I.!) a: :'~ &u 0: 0: " .".'. " SPAIN ~C[ z U! 0.. 16,. 0.. ~ CI) -J 0Q I- Z Q .1116' ..J -J C[ w &') HONDURAS I.!) ,~ '88/ 'JOG :> Z ~ w 0: 0 w z «::) Q ~ ',00 19011 :J: cO c…….r. w 0 t: ::> ~ BOLIVIA ti " SALVADOR Z 1.&1 I) Q. .Z w0 ::E: 1890 199' – HA~ ii~ 19Do I~ – INDIA 2.5 1JB9G :;) !:: ~ 3.0 119IHI IS,' 1810 IS'"s8 8~ IS811 '882 FRANCE 1881 1,01 '89' 18,0 188T 1890 I~ ~S9! '8~D '893 IIWJS 18S~ r8~ I~ 1,02 r,oo 1190D 1900 ,,00 AND ,,01 Ir,oo 'S,7 1'9'" I'?<H' I'~ u.u o fl ''0' ",0 ,,00 Fl'~EL .",CU8A .got ..,7 190' '9DO 190( ~ UlAaI DECREASE DECREA$E

ARGENTINE

land in South America. The first tists from Switzerland, etc. Together Spanish preacher of that communion these must form an aggregate of So was Rev. William C. Morris, who preachers, and have a membership of some six years ago commenced at over 1,000. Nearly all of them have once to preach the Gospel, and to give Sunday-schools, and many of them primary instruction to the children of day-schools, from which the missionthe poor, with a group of about a aries, in many cases, derive their supdozen. The development of his free port. school has been quite phenomenal, and has arrested the attention of the gov- The Salvation Army has an efficient ernment, from which he now receives staff of workers in the Capital, and a monthly subvention of a thousand in many of the large towns, and gendollars currency-$440 U. S. It is erally are appreciated for their selfnow some time since the number of denying work. children enrolled was over 2,700. An Argentine gentleman, who was one There are permanent preaching staof his first coadjutors, paymaster of tions in ten of the provinces of Arthe chamber of deputies, caught the gentina, but there are yet three proventhusiasm and commenced an inde- inces and ten territories, well prepared pendent work of a like nature, dispos- by the distribution of the Scriptures, ing of his property to carry out his still unoccupied. Within the limits of schemes. One house he transformed this agency we could name hundreds into a school, another he sold and of places still waiting for and ready built a church with the proceeds; two to receive the Gospel preacher. other schools he accommodates in rented houses. His pupils number The Argentine Constitution gives more than 300, and he also has se- ample toleration. Permission is freely cured a monthly subvention from pub- given to preach in the public parks lic funds for his educational work. by the authorities, and they do not allow preachers having such permis- The Scotch Presbyterian Church sion to be interrupted or molested in has four ordained ministers, but so any way. far they have not taken up Spanish evangelization; it may be, however, To the writer, who distinctly rethat a prosperous Spanish Sunday- members the place and circumstance school, recently established, may yet when, for the first time he heard one prove an initial step to Spanish preach- express a desire for the preaching of ing. the Gospel in Spanish, what is now be- ing witnessed every Sunday in the Besides a number of independent public parks, is something more than evangelists, and others representing he then had faith to grasp. the smaller organizations, there are many missionaries who practise bap- Bible Work tism by immersion, as the Christian and Missionary Alliance, the Regions As the Word of God IS the one Beyond Missionary Union, the "Breth- foundation on which the Gospel rests, ren," Baptists of the Southern Con- so the circulation of the Scriptures in vention, Canadian Baptists, and Bap- the language of the people is the true pioneer of all effective evangelization.

Copies of the Scriptures in Span- ish had been distributed in Argentina

by both the great Bible Societies as what proportion of the distribution early as 182I. From time to time a has been made within the limits of stray copy of the Bible or New Tes- Argentina, but give in round figures tament with the imprint, New York, the entire circulation for the four de- 1819 and 1821, is met with in second- cades, which will serve to illustrate hand book stores. We have met with the rate of progress, notwithstanding more than one who have spoken of the fact that many of the books were the deep impression made on them sold in other of the Republics embrac- by the reading of some of those cop- ed in the field. ies. One of these, none other than Ex- President Sarmiento, told the writer 1864-1873 .. 40,000 copies that when a youth living with an un- 1874-1883 .. 100,00J cle who was a parish priest, he read 1884-1893 .. 240,0()() one of these Bibles with such deep r894-1903 .. 320,000 " interest that his uncle, who himself in those days would have been consid- 700,000 ered a liberal man, was concerned for Up to the close of 1902, including the faith of his young nephew. It is the distribution of early years, this not improbable that to this early pe- agency of the B. & F. B. S. had put rusal of the Scriptures we are indebted into circulation 376,000 copies. Thus for the liberal and far-reaching views considerably more than a million copof that distinguished Argentine states- ies, including integral parts, have been man. In two of his most important circulated by these agencies. Probworks he makes special reference to ably more than seven-eighths of these the beneficent and transforming pow- books were sold as the result of perer of the Bible. sonal persuasion by the colporteurs. Every book sold represents seven vis- Visits had been made at different its made, and twelve persons on whose times by representatives of the Ameri- attention the Book has been urged. can and British and Foreign Bible So- It is altogether unquestionable that cieties, but nothing permanent was es- Bible colportage prepares the way and tablished until 1860, when the first creates a demand for the preaching resident agent of the B. & F. B. S. of the Gospel. It is the pioneer and came to Buenos Ayres and opened a coadjutor of all missionary work, and Bible Depot. Sometime later colpor- having no distinctive line of teaching tage was commenced, but in 1864 it under which to group believers, it is had not extended in Argentina beyond the rival of none. the limits of Buenos Ayres. Many cases have come under our notice where the simple reading of About that time in a manner alto- the Bible has led to conscious pardon gether providential, it appeared that and rest of soul. We possess a picthe time had come for the American ture of nine persons-one family-liv- Bible Society to carry into execution ing about a hundred and twenty miles a purpose expressed in its earliest Annual Report, regarding work in these a south of Buenos Ayres, who through countries, and the establishing of this agency was resolved upon. the reading of single copy of the Scriptures, have become exemplary We are unable to determine just evangelical Christians.

A~ E AND L. RUSK.IN AND BOUSEBOJ."D

WOMEN OF THE UPPER KONGO BY MRS. A. E. RUSKIN, BON'GANDANGA, KONGO FREE STATE It is most difficult to give a true but chocolate color, and a few very picture of the life of a woman on the light brown, the lightest, the Bafoto, Upper Kongo, because her position of a yellowish hue. The Ngombe are is, in every way, so foreign to civil- the handsomest, and the darkest in ized ideas of what it should be, that color; while the Mongo and Baenga if the picture be a true one, the reader come in between. Many have really may consider it overdrawn. pleasant faces, but very few would reach our ideals of beauty. Their Our mission station, Bongandanga, freedom of movement and lack of is situated in the m.idst of the Abir clothing tends to develop the figure, rubber concession, in the "District de and gives a natural and graceful car- I'Equateur," Kongo Free State, and riage to the younger women, which the conditions described are such as might well be envied by the more obtain under that rule., There are civilized. But, tho generally strong, four tribes with which we come in these women are susceptible to the contact: the Ngombe, on the north ordinary aches and pains of womanbank of the Lofoli river; the Mongo, hood, and the coughs and colds, chills on the south bank and inland; the Ba- and fevers, to which others are liable toto, or elephant hunters, who live in this climate. chiefly in the forest, and the Baenga, or river people, who come here from Mentally, Kongo women are 'on a farther down the river. low plane. As children we can teach them to read and write, but, when Physically, our women are generally grown up, it seems a hopeless task rather above the medium height, well to teach them anything. They have built, and robust. They are not black,

very little thought, and practicaIly no ed from them; they taught us their forethought. The most important ways, and so we do as they taught us. subjects that attract attention pertain Your way may be good for you, but to the family with whom the woman we prefer our own." is connected either by birth or marriage-her children, garden, cooking, As to religion, as we understand it, and the beautifying of her person. the Mongo native has none. AIl" Savage tho she be, she gives a good both men and women, are bound by deal of attention to appearance and a system of superstition, fetichism, fashion, even tho she has very little and witchcraft, and a strong belief in dress, Mongo women wearing only a spirits, whom they seek to appease and few leaves and beads, while the render favorable to themselves by Ngombe women generally are content means of charms, and sometimes sacwith the beads, minus leaves. But rifice; there is no thought of God as happily those of both tribes who live a person, or any real idea of worship. near us, and have dealings with the They believe in a system of good, and whit~s, are improving in this respect; one of evil; but the good is rarely many wear the native grass petticoat, mentioned. Everything that goes or European cloth, tho the improve- wrong, even death itself, (for to a ment is due oftener to pride than to native death is abnormal), is traced modesty. Almost all the women are to witchcraft. These beliefs, as may clever at their own modes of hair- be imagined, bring no joy or peace, dressing, and have quite a variety of but rather misery, ignorance, discord, styles, some of which will be seen in and endless palavers. the accompanying photographs. After being plaited, the hair is generally From birth, when the "bote" smeared weIl with palm oil and "ngo- (charm) is tied around the neck to la" (powdered camwood) and scented ward off sickness, to death, the native with the powder of a sweet smelIing is a slave to charms and superstitions. nut, named "baimi." Brass anklets, Many kinds of food and certain porsome smaIl, some reaching almost to tions of animals are tabooed to womthe knee, are much in request; as also en, but it is significant that these are are armlets, and even very heavy always the best parts, preferred by necklets. These at times cause terri- the men. AIl believe that if the taboo ble sores, but apparently pride feels is broken, even by accident or in igno pains, for they are not discarded. norance, some terrible calamity or sickness, perhaps death, will foIlow. These ornaments are not the property In times of mourning, the women of the wearer, but of her husband, and must shave their heads, wear only a are taken from her at his will. few leaves, and sit on the ground. If the mourning is for a husband or The strangest thing about these brother, the woman abstains fr(,:lm all women, mentally, is, that they have meats, and some other foods, for a no desire to rise higher, or to be in considerable time: for is it not the any way different. The answer to husband who provides the wife with whatever we say to them on the sub- meat? When a woman dies, her husject is: "This is our way; our grand- band abstains from fish, as it is her mothers dki so, and our mothers learn- duty to provide him with this diet.

OF THE UPPER KONGO

There is a vague belief in a future in order to have anything approaching state, and to a certain extent in trans- Christian family life, the whole social migration. A very notorious person system must be reformed, and the may, after death, become a leopard, root of the whole social problem as crocodile, or chimpanzee, and will it affects the women in this part of then wreak vengeance upon those who the Kongo, is the marriage system. offended him in his former state. It is considered impossible to kill an ani- To show a woman's position in the mal thus inhabited by the spirit of a household, it is needful only to give man. This superstition so paralyzes a glimpse of her daily life. There is the people, that much property may no late rising in this country; the sun be damaged and many lives lost as a and everyone else is up before six result. They do not attempt to kill o'clock. Very soon the slumbering the beasts, and even let them go when fires are burning and the food left in their power. The greatest sufferers over from yesterday is warmed up are naturally the women and children, and taken to the husband, who helps who are more frequently attacked. himself, and gives the children their share, each wife providing sufficient As then there is nothing in the re- for her own children. Then the womligion of these people to uplift the en pick up their knives and baskets soul, and nothing either present or and away they go to the gardens, befuture to fear as the consequences of guiling the way with gossip on varisin, it is not strange that, morally, ous topics. Arrived at the gardens, they are little better than the beasts which are merely clearings in the forin their forests. Public opinion, as est, with the undergrowth burnt down, it exists, is all on the side of wrong; the manioca, yams, maize, plantains, and tho certain acts are considered etc., planted in its place, they begin to nominally bad, the wrong is far more weed, sow seed, and dig the manioca in being found out than in the doing. and yams needed for food. Men do Stealing is quite general, and when no gardening, except to clear the forcaught, the culprit always says, "0 est. About I I 0'clock the women no, I did not steal it; I only took it." come back to their huts, heavily laden Everyone appears very shocked, and and tired out. After an hour or two all commence to scold him, but tho of rest, the manioca must be peeled they would not say so, it is because and taken to the' river to be steeped he was found out. Lying and cheat- in its waters four or five days, to reing are so usual that to lie is easier move the poison which exists in the to many than to speak the truth; hence raw root. A basketful of steeped the continual suspicion and quarrels manioca is brought back, then water amongst the natives. must be fetched from the spring and firewood from the bush, and the time Purity of life is practically un- has come to cook the evening meal. known; there is no such thing as a If the husband has been successful at single life; and a woman is only al- the hunt, there will be meat for suplowed to be a widow for a few days per; or the children may have caught or weeks at most. Polygamy is ev- a few mud fish, or better still, at the erywhere practised, and polyandry is right season of the year, there will be not by any means unknown; so that

caterpillars, or palmerworms, the bility it has one already. Tho innogreatest delicacy obtainable. These, cent of· clothing, the health charm is with a little salt, obtained from the around the baby's neck to insure white man for an egg, toko (cooked strength to her. There is always remanioca), greens, palmnuts, or yams, joicing over a girl baby, as she will form a plentiful evening meal, when bring riches to her father when she procurable; but more often there are marries. Before she reaches the age of five years she will be betrothed to 'rHRmE BONGANDANGA. WOMEN, MONGO TRIBE some one, perhaps old enough to be her father. This man passes over to but one or two dishes, and sometimes the father some brass rods and other no meat for weeks. Supper over, the riches, and the child is reckoned as family chat together over the fire for his wife. For a time she lives with a while, and about 7 or 8 o'clock all her mother, paying visits to, and reretire to rest; except at fulI moon, ceiving visits from, the husband; but when they indulge in dances, some of when about ten years of age she goes which are so immoral as to be inde- to live at his home. Often this is the scribable. beginning of trouble. The girl has had no voice in the matter, and does not On such a day as I have described, get on well with her husband. They there have been no palavers, as the quarrel, she says she will not stay family are at peace with one another. there, and goes home. The husband Often enough it is far otherwise; calls for his pledge money back, and quarrels are carried on for many days, the girl is given to another man as the wife refuses to give her husband his wife. This may take place several food, and the whole family, perhaps times; the result is a complication of the whole town, is in an uproar, tak- palavers, and much trouble over ing sides about it; even fighting, if money matters. that is considered the best way to settle it. By the time she is fifteen, or a little more, this girl may have become a Imagine a baby girl born to one of mother, but as society is at present, these women; we hear the news, and children seem no tie between husbands a day or two later go to visit her. We and wives. Very littie, if any, true find her sitting in the hut with the love exists, and there is constant susbaby, which is shown around and picion of each other's fidelity, too duly praised and talked about, as a often well founded, and frequent dismore civilized baby would be. We putes and quarrels. While these last present a packet of salt, and are asked the wife either punishes the husband to give the baby a name. This is a by starving him, or goes off home for matter of politeness, as in all proba- a time, stayi!].g either until her anger is appeased, when she walks back as tho· nothing had happened, or un- til her husband takes her a present of a fowl, salt, or finery, and so wins her favor for a time, and she returns with him. But when this happens fre-

Ig06] WOMEN OF THE UPPER

quently, he gets tired of it and gives 'I'wo BONGANDANGA WOllEN, NQOHBE TRIBE his wife permission to call another husband. As soon as possible the wife goods and chattels, without any re- gets a friend to go and call her lover, spect to their own wishes or ideas of as it is not good form to go one's self. propriety. Occasionally a woman is The friend who goes is called a "bo- left a widow in old age, and none of nengi," and is dressed up in all the the heirs care to take her as an inherfinery she possesses or can borrow, itance. Then, if she .has a son, he her body smeared with camwood pow- will take her to live with him, and she der, her hair dressed fashionably, will be treated with a certain kind of beads, anklets, and bracelets piled up- veneration as his mother, especially on her, and she starts off to the house if he be a chief. These are the only of her friend's paramour. Having ar- conditions under which a Mongo rived, she sits down in the house, and woman ever enjoys the respect of her after the customary salutations are people; and very few ever live to atexchanged, begins to talk about all tain this position. The majority do kinds of subjects, and at last, as tho not reach any great age, and should it is quite an afterthought, says: "0, an aged widow have no son to care so-and-so has sent me to call you to for her, she becomes an outcast; usetake her as your wife!" The state- less, valueless, and therefore uncared ment gives no surprise, for everyone for in life or death. After the death has known the purpose of the visit, of such a woman, it is difficult to find and probably the sender; as not in- anyone willing to bury the corpse. frequently these things are arranged Everything is done with unseemly privately beforehand. haste, with no pretense at sorrow or If the woman is known to be a mourning; and that IS the end; there bad character, the man may refuse; but generally he says, "Very well, take is no one to care. If the dead woman this spear to her husband, as an ear- was the wife, daughter, or mother of nest. I will come and settle the pa- a chief, there is a great show of laver." If the husband accepts the mourning made by the family and spear, he is bound to enter into nego- professional mourners, with ringing tiations with the other man as to the of bells and crying. At intervals one disposal of his wife. The new hus- hears the mourners chat and gossip, band passes over to the old one suffi- and laugh heartily, but soon they recient money to cover the original turn to their orthodox wail. At night pledge money paid to the father, and there are unnameable dances, cursing the. various presents which have since of the corpse, and often a feast. If a been given. When this sum is paid man buries his wife, he lays himself in whole or in part, and satisfactory open to the accusation of having killagreement made as to the remainder, the woman becomes the wife of the man she called, and goes to his home.

If a husband dies, the wives are reckoned in the inheritance, and are divided among the heirs, like other

ed her; so the corpse must be taken towns, which they attend in very good off to the horne of the woman. It is numbers, and listen intelligently; they rolled in cloth and native mats, and come to the Sunday services at the fastened on two sticks which rest on station, and so have frequent opporthe shoulders of the bearers, who run tunities of hearing the Word of God. as fast as they can, and are followed We also try to show them by our by friends and relatives, who wail lives, as well as our lips, what a and call out : "You are going horne! Christian life should be, and may You are going horne!" Another dance be, so as to raise their ideals, not is indulged in at night, and the body to an European, but to a Christian standard. There are two great dif- NATIVE WOMAN, MONGO TWBE, BARlNGA DISTRICT ficulties in our way. One is indif- ference. As we tell of Jesus and His buried in the forest on the morrow. love, the women seem interested and After the interment, all goes on as listen well, but when we come to apusual; her few possessions are divided, ply the truth and speak of individual and there is scarcely another mention sins, there is a general assent, and the made of her name. And, humanly subject is adroitly turned. speaking, that is the end. As has been said, they are quite con- Could anything be more sad or tent with the present state of things; shameful than the condition of these they have no desire to become like us. sisters of ours? The reader will sure- For instance, they always walk behind ly ask, "What is being done for them? the men, and carryall the heavy loads. Are you not trying to lift them up One day a missionary took the load off from these terrible surroundings ?" a woman's shoulders and gave it to Yes, we are trying to do the only her husband, explaining that we thing which can do any good-telling thought that the better way. The them of Jesus, who died for them, and woman became very angry, saying: lives to save them. We visit them in "That is not our way; why do you their homes, and hold service in the give me shame? That will not do, white man." She took the burden from her husband, shouldered it again, and walked off as before. The same thing happens with regard to' every one of their customs, by which they are so bound.

But in spite of these difficulties, some do become interested, and for four years a most successful women's meeting was held here weekly. Dur- ing the last two and a half years, ow- ing to the attitude of the administra- tion, all our work has suffered, not least the work among the women. Several women are members of a class for enquirers, at which they re-

OF THE UPPER KONGO

ceive special instruction, and from Just now she is passing through a which, after long probation, they are testing time. Her husband has died, received into church fellowship if his goods have been divided, and here they prove consistent in life. There is the trial-what about his wife?

are five women in church fellowship Custom says she must become the at present, but several have passed into the glory land, who lived for Jesus here, and are now serving Him there.

The name of one of these converts is Bosali; she is about thirty years of age. In her early days she lived just such a life as has been described above; was betrothed, married, and became the mother of one little boy.

After this she quarreled with her hus- band and called a man named Elon- gama, who lived near the mission. At first there was much jealousy between Bosati and a former wife, Bofaiya.

This led to palavers, and Bosali be- came so troublesome in the town that she earned for herself the name of "Efele," .(whirlwind). Reasoning with her seemed of no avail, and for a long time she would not attend the meet- ings and laughed at all who did. At MAN AND WIFJC , BARINGA last, to everyone's surprise, she be- gan to come regularly, and gradually wife of a lad to whom she has been a a change came over her, and we saw mother all these years, and his rela- with joy that what all else had failed tives are determined to enforce it. She to do, the Gospel was doing. Not feels it is wrong, and has refused; she long after, Bofaiya died, leaving a lit- went away to her mother, only to be tle girl about a year old, and three fetched back. She asked to be allowed older children. Bosali became a moth- to call a more suitable husband, but er to them all, and under her care his pledge was refused, and she is not they throve well. In October, 1902, allowed to go to him. She says: "I Bosati was baptized and received into am God's child. I want to do what is church fellowship; and fortunately for right, but they will not let me. What her, her husband, tho nQt in sympathy can I do?" She is powerless, and so with her, did not oppose her Christian- are we, except that we can pray, and ity, knowing it made her a better wife. our God is a prayer-answering God. Bosali has her failings, and has made Will not others join with u~ in prayer mistakes, but we believe she lives up that a way may be opened to put an to her light, and testifies to other wom- end to this terrible and degrading en by lip and life. system?

I(ONGI, A NATIVE OF BONGANDANGA.; 120 miles away. We have seen and Mongo triM,} marks on forehead and cbin heard of her frequently, and the news has always been good. Three months Another of our members is named ago we saw them both, looking so Boluka. She was the wife of our happy, and Bolombi told us how he . evangelist, Bamboli, who died of had been brought to Jesus. He saw smallpox, ,Christmas, 1901. He had that the old deeds were wrong, and no son to inherit, so his younger so put away his four other wives, who brother, Bolombi, came and took his were not Christians; and now, he and wife, and she went to live with him Boluka are both members of the near Ikau, our next mission station, church at Ikau, to which she was transferred when she left here. He is also seeking to start a school in his own town, to teach the children to read. Let us praise God for Boluka's influence, and ask that many more may be raised up to do a similar work.

Our greatest need is prayer; prayer for an out-pouring of the Holy Spirit on all our work, that He may convict of sin and lead to the Savior. Noth- ing but sound conversion will change the state of things. There is, in what we have written, no over statement, and these things are taking place ev- ery day. God has saved some; He can save to-day, and we believe He will save many more of these women for his own glory!

WOKEN'S DANOlII; T4ImIQ P<>IIlTIOllli

UNOCCUPIED DISTRICTS OF

BY ARTHUR NEVE, F.R.C.S.E., C.M.S., KASHMIR The Northwest are quite neglected. If this is the case with the towns, how great must be One of the most rising sea-ports in the spiritual destitution of the villages! India, tho it has not yet attained The Shikarpur district has 1,000,000 a first rank, is Karachi. It remained souls; the Haiderabad district 750,000. for long undeveloped, with an indifferent harbor, tho a fine bay, and It would be about 350 miles in a with a restricted commerce, for want direct line due east from Karachi beof communications. Indeed, these are fore any other mission station was still incomplete, for there is no rail- reached; the line would pass through way communication with the adjoin- Thar and Pakar, skirting the great ing Bombay presidency. The reason Rann of Cutch, and through part of of this is not far to seek, for Eastern Southern Rajputana. To the north- Sindh might be called the Sahara of west from Haiderabad, a line wou1cI India, and vast as is the area of Sindh, pass through the absolutely unoccuthe population is very sparse, except pied native states of ] eysulmir and along the narrow, fertile strip, border- Bickaneer, 600 miles distant, before ing the Indus and its tributaries. In arriving within the sphere of the olden days the Indus flotilla supplied American Presbyterian Mission, which the chief line of communications, and works the Ferozpur districts. The the towns clung to the banks of the greater part of this region is a sandy, fertilizing river. semi-desert. ] eysulmir has a popula- tion of only 110,000 in an area of 16,- The Church Missionary Society oc- 500 square miles, and Bickaneer a popcupied Karachi in r850, and Haidera- ulation of 500,000 in 22,000 square bad, the chief town of upper Sindh, miles. six years later. The first missionary, Adjoining these and stretching for who still survives, was the Rev. J. 300 miles along the south bank of the Sutlej river, is the more populous Sheldon. But it has from the first state of Bahawalpur, in which there been an undermanned mission; a sort is no European missionary, altho of appendage of the Punjab, and the it is on the main line of railway to outward success has been very small. the Punjab, and is intersected by the Probably at no time has the clerical direct line to Bhatinda and Delhi. It staff of the mission exceeded five, and would only distract attention from the it has often been reduced to three, or bolder and more salient facts, if I even two. This is not what can be were to mention all the smaller towns termed effective occupation for such in this great neglected province. Here a large province with a scattered pop- are three and a half million people, of ulation. There are schools to be su- whom not one-tenth can, as yet, be perintended, two or three small con- reached by the existing methods of gregations to be pastored, and other evangelistic work. There is not a routine duties, which must greatly re- single medical missionary, not a single strict the opportunities of effective purely itinerant missionary, and it is aggressive evangelistic work, even in probable tll,tt of the present staff of Karachi City, Haiderabad, or Sukkur; four only two can preach in Sindhi, so that other towns such as Shikarpur, and Khaipur, Larkhana and Rohri

which is the dialect universally spoken The lapse of a century has blotted throughout the province. out much of the romance of Southern India, and in spite of a few gallant A striking passage in the last an- episodes, it is difficult to realize the nual letter of the Rev. A. E. Red- romantic amidst the dreary sand man shows how the burden and the wastes of Sindh; but when the lofty need is realized by those on the spot. mountain barriers of India, shadowy Writing from Sukkur, where he is and half hidden by dust haze, quiver quite alone with a congregation of on the horizon, they seem to draw only 56 native Christians (and these out the soul to tell of never seen, have come almost entirely from other unimagined charms. Their romance parts), he says: is a living one, for beyond are the closed lands, where Llamaism or Mo- "My station has a population of hammedanism endeavor to cling to 30,000 non-Christians. As I write, I the tenth century, and to shut out not lift my eyes and without rising from only Christianity, but all light, and my chair I see, separated from us only civilization, and progress. by the Indus, another town of 9,500. Travel north-west only twenty miles Surely, Britain owes a great depth by road and you will arrive at Shik- of gratitude to Him who ordained that arpur, and be in the midst of 50,000 the Indian Wardel1s of the Marches people. Travel on ten miles thence, should be such men as Abbott, of Haand you will be in another town of zara, Edwardes, of Peshawar, Reynell- 6,500. Or, start from Sukkur by rail, Taylor, and Nicholson, to mention journey about two and a half hours, but a few of the chivalrous names and you will be in the 'garden of that will ever live in Indian annals. Sindh,' populated by 14,500, all 'hiding themselves from the presence of The regions of the frontier from the Lord God.' The whole area of Beluchistan to the Pamirs, have, withthe district is 8,000 square miles, and in the last two years, been consolidatthe popUlation 1,018,000. Among ed as one territory, under the name it all there is neither mission school North-West Frontier Province, and nor institution of any kind." with a flexible semi-patriarchal organ- ization, suited to the wild, warlike It surely needs no further words tribes, chiefly bigoted Mohammedans to intensify the significance of these of Pathan origin, which occupy the facts. Are there none to whom they valleys of the Suleman range, the appeal as a personal call? I can not Hindu Kush, and the Black Moundoubt that the C. M. S. would wel- tains. It is a sway free from red come the advent of the missionaries of tape-the rule of a stern sword of any other evangelical society, which justic~, wielded by a soldier of the would guarantee continuity in the true knightly type, Hon. Col. Deane. work and observe the true principles Political relations are controlled, roads of inter-mission comity. Probably guarded by local militia, trade must it would be the wisest plan to arrange be free, but-among themselves they a territorial division of the Hinter- are at liberty, at least in the outlying land, and in a town the size of Ka- districts, to "run their own show." radir there must be room for fresh Their domestic concerns are left stricteffort.

THE UNOCCUPIED DISTRICTS OF INDIA

Iy alone. It is an arrangement that, The older population consists of in most places, prevents the mission- Gujars, Kharals, and Dhunds, with a ary from "following the flag." scanty sprinkling of other Moham- Here and there from thirty to fifty medan tribes, and still fewer Hinclus; years ago, the C. M. S. planted its these last only to be met with in the isolated stations. The points chosen towns. Pushtu is commonly spoken, were strategically sound; Peshawar but the local dialect is known as "Ha- commanding the mouth of the Khy- zara," and is akin to western Punjab.

ber; Bannu the Kurram valley; Dera Abbotabad has been fitfully worked by Ismail Khan, and Tank looking into the C. M. S., and occasional tours South Wazeristan and the Gomul val- have been made by mIssIOnaries ley; further south, Dera Ghazi Khan through the heart of the district; while for the southern Derajat and the Be- ladies of the C. of E. Zenana Society luchis. But the outlook-how vast! work at Abbotabad. But, as a whole, Nothing beyond on the west till we this great attractive district with 700,- come to the scanty missions in Persia, 000 village people, and its four or five and then, too, how far apart from one small towns, must be classed as one another; and alas! how scantily man- of the "unoccupied fields of India."

ned. True, that of recent years the North of Peshawar is the populous medical staff has grown, but the cler- Swat valley; beyond that, Bajaur, and ical has been weakened more and then again Chitral, where there is a more by transfers and withdrawals. permanent British garrison. But to All these mission stations are Trans- missionary effort the door seems as Indus, and most emphatically there is much closed there as in the petty re- room for an equal number of Cis-In- publics along the Indus, such as Tan- dus mission stations, with their base gir and Darel, or in the chaotic tribes on the railway. . of the Black Mountains. Bigotry is Hazara strong, and it is only a few years since A more attractive field of work is the moullahs preached a "Jihad," and the Hazara district-wedge-shaped, its thousands of these fanatical Moslems base on the main line of the N. W. poured down the mountain gorges, raHway from Rawal Pindi to Attock confident that they would sweep away on the Indus, and its apex tapering the infidel English. All through these away to the north between Kashmir wild mountains of the north-west, it and Chilas. Many of the mountains is much the same; and tho here and are above the line of perpetual snow, there the Imperial Power may be rep- and feed glaciers; the upper valleys resented by a young British subaltern, are rich pasture "alps," for the flocks and a petty escort of Sikhs, or local of the Gujars and Lyeds of Khajan. militia, yet is the rule of the lightest Even the nearer mountains, those description, and there can be little close to the railway, are forest-clad on doubt that the advent of the mission- their northern slopes, and between ary, if it did not of itself produce a them lie the broad, fertile plains of religious conflagration, would be made Agror, Manseahra, Abbotabad, and the pretext for the first tumult that Khanpur. arose from whatsoever cause.

The Dard Tribe. Bulder Sing, there is no other town. Much of the country is strikingly The people of Chitral, Gilgit, Hun- beautiful, and also healthy; for if the za, Nagyr, Astor, and Chilas belong rice-growing valleys are somewhat hot to the Dard race, and are far less and malarious in the late summer, the bigoted than the Pathans. But they uplands are bracing and cool, and at belong to rival sects, Suni, Shiah, and such seasons the valleys are almost de- Maniais, and each valley seems to serted. In winter the snow seldom speak a different dialect. lies below 4,000 feet. Special permis- sion would be needed to reside in the Many years ago I advocated the state, but no adequate ground could sending of a band of evangelists, who be alleged for refusing it. In times should travel over this wide and wild past the northern valleys of the state mountain region, studying its dialects, have been visited at rare intervals by and going here or there, according to the Kashmir missionaries, and the the openings they might find. Since southern skirts of the state are touchthen the adjoining district of Baltistan ed by the American U. P. mission. has been taken up by a brave little company of Swedes, women as well as Rajaori men, connected with the Scandinavian Alliance. Still further up the Indus A mission center for working this valley, at Khalatse, as well as at Leb, populous region might well be placed the Moravians have taken up work. at Rajaori, itinerating from the She- And so the unoccupied field is less ex- limi river on the west, the Aknur and tensive, but also simplified by the start the Chenab on the east, where it of work among the Thibetan tribes. would come into touch with the Scotch But the C. M. S. has been unable to Church mission at Jammusia, and Lalextend its Kashmir work, and the kote. Even in this district, measuring Dard races remain practically un- some ninety miles from east to west, touched. In view of the political dif- and thirty miles from north to south, ficulties, and the nature of the coun- the population is not homogeneous, try, with its scanty, scattered peoples, and several dialects are met with, but and remembering the needs of more these are all akin, as Mr. Grahame accessible and densely populated re- Bailey, a talented linguist of the gions of Africa and China, I should Scotch mission, has shown. hesitate to push the claims of the place "where three empires meet." It is to be regretted that this dis- trict can not be occupied by one of the Poonch two societies now working on its southern borders; but both are, alas! Between Kashimur proper and the too undermanned to attempt such an district of Rawalpindi, and occupying extension. Still there are manifest the outer hills and valleys of the Pir tokens of God's blessing upon their Panjal range, is the small feudatory labors, and as the native churches state of Poonch. The population is grow in numbers and zeal, surely we about 50,000, of which a large propor- may expect that He will call some of tion are Gujars, or cattle-herders, liv- Punjab Christians to the noble task ing in scattered mountain hamlets. of being the pioneer evangelists to Except Poonch, where lives the Raja their hill-brethren.

THE UNOCCUPIED DISTRICTS OF

On the same subject we have' a It is healthy; the rainfall is about forty-five inches only; snow falls in paper from J. Tunbridge, C. M. S. winter and blocks all passes but one. English fruits of all kinds flourish, missionary, Kangra district, Punjab. and there is a small European com- munity. Being under British rule, it Kulu is a well-ordered and peaceful coun- try. The Church Missionary Society This country is situated in the mid- has neither the men nor the means Himalayas, and forms one of the six to take up the work. There is a large subdivisions of the Kangra district of floating population in spring and authe Punjab. It consists of a series of tumn, traveling to and from Central narrow valleys, shut in by huge moun- Asia, via Lahaul and Leh, and of piltains. The inhabitants are almost ex- grims from the plains, _who visit the clusively Hindus, numbering I I 9,000 springs and sacred shrines of Kulu. in I90I, covering an area of 6,374 square miles. There are 360 Hindu Mandi and Suket temples in the land, some 150 being endowed by lands given by pious Hin- These are two native states in the dus, and mostly dedicated to local dei- Punjab Kangra district adjoining Kuties. The people are purely agricul- lu, and under British protection. The tural; very simple in habits; ignorant, populations are about 170,000 and superstitious, and clannish. They are 55,000, respectively, and their areas, fond of truth, but in parts of the COun- 1,13I and 403 square miles. The try only. Lax marriage relations and country is mostly sub-Himalayan, but immorality are their predominant sins. some of the hills run up to 10,000 feet adjoining the Kulu borders. A small community of about fifty Christians on private land of an Amer- The people of both states are alican lady, occupies Ani, at one extreme most solely agricultural, tho in Mandi out-of-the-way corner on the borders there is much unworked mineral of Suket native state; but as this is wealth, salt being the only thing they not evangelistic or aggressive, and is export. As in most native states, a private concern, it can scarcely be idolatry and superstition reign sutermed a mission. Missionaries from preme. The very occasional visits of Kotgarh and Kangra (c. M. S.) outside missionaries alone disturb the have made occasional tours in Kulu slumber of ages. Secret believers of and found themselves everywhere very high caste and position have long warmly welcomed, especially when existed in one of the states. Many accompanied by a medicine chest and others are reading God's Word and magic lantern. The people have un- teaching their children its truths. The bounded faith in the missionary's Rajah of one state is very bigoted, healing powers. A medical mission- but the young Rajah of the other has ary years ago labored in the country, been educated in the Punjab Chiefs' and is gratefully remembered still. College, Lahore, so should be more Several attempts have been made to enlightened than his late father. The occupy Kulu, but no one has remained people are everywhere accessible; only in possession. From personal ac- a resident missionary is needed. quaintance, extending over more than ten years, the writer is convinced that the land is ripe for the Gospel.

EDUCATION IN THE SUNDAY·SCHOOL

BY WILLIAM BYRON FORBUSH, PH. D. Author of .. The Boy Problem," " The Boy's Life of Christ," etc.

The place of missions in the Sun- new courses are more elastic than day-school at present is unsatisfac- those in "the main room" of the school. In many of them God's love tory. Education in missions IS no for all men and the physical wants of other peoples are already taught as a definite part of the school curriculum. natural integral part of the course. Giving is too general to arouse inter- The child-life of many lands is a ready est or sacrifice, and is sometimes not topic of interest, the folly of idolatry clearly differentiated from the paying is shown as God's real nature is refor quarterlies. Missionary money vealed, and some information is comoften goes to minor or miscellaneous municated as to the sorrows of causes which, failing to secure atten- infanticide, child slavery, Indian widtion elsewhere, besiege the Sunday- owhood, and famine. Stories, curios, school. Yet here is the central place pictures, and costumes illustrate the in the Church for missionary educa- teaching. The Orient pictures and tion, because all the young people at the missionary postcards mentioned in some age are here, and there are the last article will be found useful to fewer castes and cliques in the Sun- give to the children to take home. day-school than in any of the other young people's organizations. The giving in this grade, as in the home at this age, will be directly for The effort in all the grades should hunger and need. If it is necessary not be so much to secure a quarterly to break away from the scheme of missionary lesson, or a supplemental benevolence of the rest of the school missionary lesson, as to suffuse among in order to make this prominent, such all the spirit of the Kingdom. undenominational work as that of the Grenfell Association for Labrador or Let us premise that the school has of the Ramabai Association in India adopted a simple schedule of benevo- is appropriate. If the giving is to a lences which is confined to the leading child, her portrait must be constantly missionary societies for which its own in the room. Giving, as in ancient denomination is responsible and has Israel, is to be a joyous act, one to been assigned to the care of definite which trumpets are the appropriate missionaries or definite children un- accompaniment. The birthday thankder missionary training. offering is, therefore, of especial pro- priety, a missionary gift. The children The Primary Room should have carefully explained to them where and how the money goes. The theme of study in the Begin- The route between their own pockets ners' and Primary Classes is almost and the collection box and the heathen universally "God's Love and .Care," is not always clear, and they have and the "Duties of a Young Child often some latent incredulity as to its of God." The methods are the s'afe arrival. story, .object-Iessons, and physical activities.

Missionary education comes more easily into these grades because the The Childhood Grades when Gad sent Jesus an His mission Here the theme of study in the to' save the world."

model school is the Law of God, and The teachers, it must be canfessed, the story of God's people in the Old can nat be trusted to' do this work if Testament is the favorite text-book. it is only incidental to a regular Bible The ages here are from eight to course. Same dO' nat want to do it twelve. In the large school the child and most do not know how. The les- is in an intermediate room, in the small san:helps, which they read, dO' not school he is already, by ten years of, emphasize the missionary appeal. I age, aut in the main raom. This fact think this much must be led by the modifies any advice upon the subject. schaal afficers and be special and anni- The ideal methods af Bible study versary in character. Miss Brain naw are by the use af cantinued Bible suggests "Hera Sunday," which is ex- stories, small pictures in the class, and cellent. The whale haur shauld be travel study. Mission study, which is given to' the matter. The roam shauld 'never to be separated from Bible be decorated. If there is an orchestra study, comes in naturally now as an in the school, now is the time far it extensian of the story af Gad's pea- to' discourse music. The Mission pIe intO' other lands, by a comparison Band, ar other saciety af yaung pea- af habits of the Bible people with the pIe that meets week days, shauld help Orientals of to-day, amang whom the prepare the program. If there is a , Gospel is being preached, and by a special affering, there should be pre- comparison of Bible heraes with later liminary infarmation abaut it, and heroes of the Cross. As this lS the envelapes far home callectians shauld adventure periodaf life it is warth be distributed befarehand. Every- while to note that it is the adventures thing shauld be done, not primarily of missianaries rather than their per- far the sake af any missionary cause, sonalities that make an impression, hawever impartant, but far the sake of and, as ,it is the geogr'aphy periad a sessian so inherently interesting that rather than the histary periad, that it the children shall anticipate its recuris many striking facts and much calar rence. It can nat be toO' strongly emrather than a historical order of phasized that the heart of missionary events that are impartant. pedagogy far children is interest. As This raases the questian both in this Secretary Conklin says, he would nat grade and in the main school as to' ask far an affering fram a church of whether we are to depend upon wha~ adults until the peaple themselves missionary instruction the teachers cared enaugh to propose it, so I would may do in the regular courses as they not ask gifts from a Sunday-school realize that the Bible is throughaut a until I had taken pains enough to be miss.ionary baak, or whether we must sure that the children were eager to have quarterly or supplemental week- give. .

ly lessans. President Jahn F. Goucher The Adolescent Grades suggests the first three manths of every All this that has been said about year as "the natural time far the spe- missionary teaching on special days cial study of missions. It is just after applies, of course, principally to the the ,anniversary of Christ's advent, main room of the school, in which the

adolescent grades are found. Some there is no free evening for the work.

particular remarks are to be made The progressive school will develop about these grades, however. Here out of this its missionary normal the theme of study is the Gospel, and course and class, to furnish teachers the Lives of Christ and of the Chris- for the school. Here will be found tian Heroes are the usual text-book. the broad outlook which bends toward This is the history period, and the Christian unity, in a study of men and young are ready now to get a consecu- fields more than of "the Board" and tive sweep of history. The study of "the Cause."

the book of Acts ought to be fol- Helps for Missionary Study in the Sundaylowed by its continuation in the His- school tory of the Church and of missions. This should become an integral part The material is meager, but it is comof the curriculum. This is the hero ing fast.

Some of the Beginners' courses, notably those published by the Baptists, contain period. The Crusading Idea is preva- missionary material.

lent, but it is best illustrated not in "Missionary Chalk Talks for Primary the historic Crusades, but in the Classes," published by the Presbyterian pioneerings of the Cross. Now it is Women's Foreign Board.

The Young People's Missionary Move- the man more than the adventurer' ment, 156 Fifth avenue, New York, pub- who counts, and as the youth learns lishes a dozen illustrated post cards on through biography to define who the Japan with a dozen brief lessons printed on Christian is, he must learn to see also· the back. who the missionary is, and that he is I have found only two courses definitely designed for use in the main room. One is the same man. This is the great con- an excellent handbook of six studies, de- version period, and the essential at- signed to be used in the -classes as pre- .tainment to be desired is not an emo- liminary to a lesson from the platform, tional, selfish experience, but a recog- nition of the brotherhood of the fam- entitled, "Missionary Studies for the Sun- day-school." It is written by George Har- vey Trull, and is published by the For- ily of God. eign Missions Library, New York. A The class now is the great social second series in two grades is in preparainteger of the school, in which the tion. gang spirit is rife, and if there is a class treasury the teacher may find it Another course, designed for platform wise to foster class objects of benevo-' use, is called "Missionary Programs. Series No. 1." It has just been issued by the Young People's Missionary Movement.

lence, For study of missions in special countries the best handbooks are those that have been As the week-day extension of the prepared for junior mission bands. "Japan junior grades 'Was the mission band, for Juniors," by Katherine R. Crowell, pubso now the week-day extension of the lished by the Woman's Board of the Presschool is the Christian Endeavor So- byterian Church, 20 cents, is the best of a ciety, is the boys' club, or girls' guild, particularly good series. The Congrega- tional Woman's Board of Boston have a in which the teacher will desire 1:0 find less elementary series on different coun- tries, at 5 cents each. himself with his whole class.

Among the Adults For a biographical course Beach's "Knights of the Labarum," and Shelton's Here is where many churches will "Heroes of the Cross in America," publocate their mission study classes when lished by the Student Volunteer Movement, they find that in their crowded life would be suitable. A selected course might

MISSIONARY EDUCATION IN THE SUNDAY-SCHOOL

be made by using the leaflet biographies Missionaries are very busy, but that have been published by different boards they are able in the course of time and publishers. The best are "The Soldier to pick up a good many little things and Servant Series," published by the for such a collection. Money both for Church (Episcopal) Missions Publishing purchasirig and forwarding should Co., Hartford, 5 and 10 cents, and "Mis- promptly be sent in advance. sionary Annals," published by Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, IS cents. In northern India and some other countries little clay figures are made For the senior students or the mission representing the dress and occupastudy class in the school the books of the tions of various people. They are. Student Volunteer Movement, the Young easily broken, but are cheaply re- People's Forward Mission Study Commit- placed. Articles of handicraft are tee, and the Women's United Study Com- comparatively more expensive than mittee are appropriate. culinary and household articles, tho they are all less expensive than cor- For teaching missions on 3pecial days by responding articles in America. the stereopticon there is a series of "Stereopticon Lectures on Foreign Mission Post cards can be obtained in all Lands," pUblished by the Foreign Mis- large cities, but views of places and sions Library. Price, 10 cents. The Pres- persons and incidents in a special field byterian Home Board has a series on do- can only be obtained with a camera. mestic missions, of which "Our Country in Pictures" is an excellent example. The accompanying lantern slides may be rented at the same place.

A Missionary Museum Dr. Wilton Merle Smith, the great Every Sunday-school should have a benefactions of whose church are so museum as well as a library. This well known, testifies that nothing, not should have at least three depart- even letters, counted as much as the ments, the Old Testament, the Life of camera in helping the interest of his Christ, and Missions. For a descrip- people in the work. This church fre- tion of the way to fill the Scripture quently invests considerable money in sections a booklet by the present au- obtaining photographs for lantern thor, published at three cents by the slides. The Sunday-school should Pilgrim Press, Boston, may be se- see that its missionary has a good cured, and some of the suggestions camera, in warm climates a plate as to manual methods will be helpful camera.

for the missionary section. Many missionary fields now have While the whole school is to be local missionary, religious and Chrisenlisted in the collection of articles tian Endeavor magazines, which will for the missionary museum, separate be worth subscribing for, like The classes may be made curators for spe- India Christian Endeavor.

cial countries. As many things as This museum, collected by coopera- possible should be gathered at home. tive effort, should be publicly dedi- Picture post cards, photographs, pic- cated, and opened for exhibition to tures cut from the missionary maga- adults. It will instantly and perma- zines and curios given or loaned by nently affect the whole Church in its friends who are travelers will make a interest in the affairs of the King- good beginning. dom.* * For guidance in gathering and displaying either a missionary museum or a loan collection from the board we must tUI'D to the Church Missionary SOCiety of London, which has carried the latter feature to great success. The handbook is entitled" Manual for Stewards at Missionary Loan Fxhibitions."

AMERICAN MISSIONARY

THE LIFE AND WORK OF DR. DIVIE BETHUNE McCARTEE BY ELI T. SHEPPARD, LL.B.* The long and eminently useful ca- practical knowledge of the language, reer of Dr. McCartee in China and Ja- literature, laws, institutions, and re- pan, affords one of the most conspicu- ligions of these countries, as only ous and happyillustrations of the price- comes from long and intimate study less value of high personal character, and friendly contact. He believed joined with comprehensive ideals, in the inward corruption and downward the field of missionary effort. Stu- tendencies of Oriental life could be dents of missionary work, the world arrested only by Christianity; but that over, have been struck with the im- zeal and preaching alone would not mense influence and subduing force effect these desired ends. Christianity of personal character in every depart- must be not only preached but exemp- ment of that work. Not only the lified in many ways to produce a funvigor, but the very existence, of Amer- damental change in the national life ican Protestant missions in the Far of a people possessing an antique and East seem to center about the person- petrified civilization, culture, and philality of a few individuals like Drs. S. osophy. The work of undermining Wells Williams, W. A. P. Martin, the existing colossal fabric of misbe- McCartee, Hepburn, Verbeck, and lief, demands some methods different, Brown, – men supremely endowed perhaps, from those which may be with force of character combined with successfully employed among races unselfish zeal and undying enthusiasm. more rude and barbarous.

The history of American mission- He did not think these highly civary enterprises, in both China and ilized Asiatics would "fall like ripe Japan, since the middle of the nine- fruit before the first breath of the teenth century, affords a striking illus- Gospel." No one could be more astration of this providential fact, that, sured than he, of the supreme imat the most critical epochs in those portance of individual conversion in countries, men like these have been order to national regeneration; or more at hand; and their influence has been assiduous during the greater portion singularly instrumental in shaping the of his life in the East, in sowing course of events, momentous in his- broadcast the Gospel seed by direct tory. evangelization, the printed page and During his fifty-six years of con- informal converse. But, like his nection with China and Japan, termi- friend, S. Wells Williams,t he felt that nated by his death in San Francisco many "subsidiary means" must be emin 1900, Dr. McCartee gained such ployed by Christianity to secure the * Col. E. T, Sheppard, U. S. Consul at Tientsin from I86g to 1876, was then, upon recommendatiou of President Grant. appointed by the Emperor of Japan as Adviser in International Law to the Japanese Forei~n Office. This position he held until some time in 1880, when, on account of ill health, he resigned, and SInce then has resided in San Fmncisco. He is the author of valuable treatises upOn consu1ar service and extra-territorial jurisdiction. One of these, discussin~ the history, principles, practise, and abuse of Extra Territory, was published first as a series of articles In the Japan Weekly Mail in 1879. They were republished by the government of Japan, and translated iuto Chinese by Dr. William A. P. Martin, then of Peking. A second pamphlet is made up of lectures on the American Consular Service, delivered before the College of Commerce of the University of California in March. IgOI, and published by the University Press. Col. Sheppard has also issued an important address on the Future oftke Pacific Ocean. All these writings are peculiarly pertinent to the present relations of the United States with the Far East, and deserve to De issued together in a permanent and accessible form. H. W. RANKIN.

t Sec" Life of S. Wells Williams, .. p. ISo. real advance of its own principles, too many instances this doctrine of and their incorporation in the social extra-territoriality is abused, with the organism. Scientific agencies, legiti- result that the local laws and munici- mate commerce, the telegraph, rail- pal regulations of the Chinese are way, school and college, newspaper, flagrantly disregarded by foreigners hospital, and the very presence of for- in the country. This assumption of eigners could all be made to serve foreign national superiority is exceed- the interests of the Gospel. Dr. Mc- ingly galling to the Chinese govern- Cartee was no believer, however, in ment and people, and it is a frequent what is known in the Orient as "the reminder to them that their country gunboat policy", nor did he counte- is in danger of passing permanently nance any form of compulsion as a under the dominion of foreign na- Christianizing adjunct; but was con- tions." scientiously opposed to such a reli- ance upon the "worldly arm of flesh." Dr. McCartee was well versed in "American missionaries," said he, the literature and principles of inter- "will make slow progress in China, so long as they continue to invoke the national law, and his words recall the interposition of their consuls, or call for the presence of gunboats on every eloquent historic opinion on this sub- trivial occasion. This gunboat policy only serves to deepen the hatred and ject, once pronounced by the greatest distrust of the Chinese toward for- eigners generally, and missionaries in Lord Chancellor of England: particular, by reminding them that the missionary is forced upon them."* "When the Roman citizen carried with him his rights of citizenship, and Some years later, an inverted echo boasted that he could plead in all the courts of the world, 'Civis Romanus of this sentiment came from the Sum/ his boast was founded, not on Tsung-li-Yamen at Peking: "Take any legal principle, but upon the fact away your missionaries and your that his barbarian countrymen had .opium," said Prince Kung, "and we overrun the world with their arms, and reduced alllaws to silence, and ancan live together in peace." On nihiliated the independence of foreign another occasion, Dr. McCartee ex- nations." pressed, on the subject of extra-territoriality in China, views sensible and Dr. McCartee was not alone in just. thinking it anomalous, that after twen- "It is the boast of Christian nations, ty centuries the maxim which the pathat their citizens living in China and Japan carry with them their own na- gan Roman regarded as "the badge tional laws and customs, are exe~pt from the local laws and customs, and of universal subjection which their are accountable only to the jurisdiction of their respective consuls. In warriors had fixed upon mankind,"

should be adopted as the maxim of Christian nations in their intercourse with non-Christian states.t Dr. McCartee was liberal minded, widely cultivated, widely experienced among men, yet unmistakably ani- mated by religious aims. He regarded Christianity as primarily a religious force, establishing, first of all, normal • Compo Circular Letter addressed to all the Consuls of the United States in China, by the former minister to China, George F. Seward, dated Peking, March 3,1875.

t Dr. McCartee had no doubt that as a provisional measure only, and pending the reorganization of native administration, extra-territorial and consular jurisdiction in a country like China was a necessity to justice. But he wished the provisional character of the practise to be plainly avowed by foreign govern~ ments, and understood by natives, as an incentive to native reform; while his indignation at the great abuse of the system by foreigners was quite ill sympathy with that of the Japanese and Chinese.

H.W.R.

relations between man and his Maker; of an author, preacher, and medical but, by this very fact, also preeminent- practitioner. In the earlier days of ly a civilizing force, creating the best the opening of the ports, his services possible conditions between man and as. a physician were called for on all man. The missionary he thought of sides; not by missionaries and Chias emphatically the advance herald of nese alone, but by the mercantile a higher and better civilization, one community and foreign shipping. In that is or may be dominated by Chris- his versatility and untiring energy he tian ideals. Stationed at the outposts seems to have been made for a pioof the pagan and Mohammedan world, neer; while his long tenure of a conand representing the spiritual side of sular post contributed much to his life, he should hold aloft in one hand influence among the Chinese." the Book of Life, and in the other the torch of science; not that these are of And the Anglican Bishop of North equal value, but must go together. There should indeed be a suitable di- China, the Rgt. Rev. George E. Moule, vision of labor, according with the fitness of men. There is work for the who also knew him well in Ningpo, cleric, and for laymen, and for women, too. But in many ways, the mis- writes of him: t sionary enterprise must be prepared to lend a hand in helping up less fav- "Taken all in all I suppose no misored nations. It should follow up the sionary has more worthily upheld the precepts of the Gospel by introducing character of his profession. I have ala knowledge of arts and sciences, and ways regretted that missionaries exemplify the social ethics of Chris- should ever consent to accept a potianity in whatever kind of work the litical appointment. Much, I know, exigencies of a particular field de- may be said on the other hand. But mand. Dr. McCartee's singleness of aim in all relations of life was so conspicuous, Dr. McCartee's life-work was, per- that his tenure of a consular office can haps, the most lucid and satisfactory have done nothing but raise the credit illustration of his own ideal. From of Christianity, and American Christhe beginning of his active career, in tianity, in the eyes of both Mandarins 1844, as a missionary doctor in Ning- and people. In those early days (1844 po, until the close of his long life, we -1858) access to the higher Mandarsee him constantly reappearing in ins was denied. I doubt, indeed, fields and forms of usefulness other whether down to the time of the Taithan those conventionally dedicated to ping troubles (1861-2) the business missionary labor; but always work- brought up to English and American ing definitely in one direction. His consulates, was not conducted through old colleague at Ningpo, Dr.' Martin, the agency of a petty officer called says of him in a recent letter:* Yung-tung, inferior in rank to a Che- hien, or district magistrate, who him- "I never knew any man who com- self is two grades below the Tao-tai, bined in so high a degree the labors or Intendent, with whom almost ex- clusively Ningpo consuls now do busi- ness. But my recollection is that Dr. McC'artee, through his medical skill, Chinese scholarship, and especially his character as a Christian gentleman, had won access to more than one or two of the wealthy and cultivated classes, living in and near Ningpo. If he had had something of the self- assertion which characterized some * To his Biographer, dated Peking, February 5, 1902. t To his Biographer, from Hangchow, June 26, IgoI.

I 906] AN AMERICAN MISSIONARY

others, and less of the sense of humor wide range of his learning. But he which gave a charm to his conversa- was a man to be respected as a teacher tion, he would have left a deeper mark and trusted as a friend. He was true upon the literature of missions, and to himself as well as to others; and in the various fields of research. But whatever he did, he did it with a promy impression of him is that no one found sense of responsibility. His of my missionary acquaintances won, good work for the education of Japan and retained to the last, a warmer or in the first stages of its development more respectful regard from his breth- is never to be forgotten."

ren of all denominations, and· from the Chinese of all ranks." I enjoyed an intimate acquaintance We recall his slight, simple, almost with Dr. McCartee during those years pathetic but always dignified figure- of his life, and my position afforded a mere drop in the great ocean of Ori- exceptional opportunities for observ- ental life and movement, sinking now ing the character, methods, and in- and then completely out of public view, fluence of his labors. From I872- to reappear as often in some other and 1880, Japan was passing through the important role of activity; and as re- most critical period of her transition peatedly working out results which, from the Old to the New. The whole humanly speaking, seem now little empire was undergoing a social revo- short of miraculous. lution, so complete, momentous, and In another place,* Professor David swift, that the very speed seemed to Murray, former Adviser to the Im- threaten the extinction of the national perial Department of Education in J a- consciousness. Indeed, many shrewd pan, has contributed an interesting observers, altho wishing the Japanese memoir of Dr. McCartee, and espe- well, feared the nation was rushing to cially of his labor there in that depart- destruction. It was a singular specta- ment. Few, if any, of the distinguished cle; the hermit empire of the change- corps of American and European less East, suddenly caught up in the scholars, engaged in the educational whirl of Western progress, and rush- department of Japan, have obtained ing headlong in the race of this new greater recognition and none occupied destiny! A complex social phenome- a wider place of usefulness and influ- non so entirely unparalleled in history ence. It would be difficult to say in was well calculated to excite the grav- which of several branches of learning est apprehension as to the final result.

he most excelled; but no one obtained Dr. McCartee believed that Japan a larger meed of admiration and per- could not import a new civilization as sonal esteem, whether from his pupils, a man might buy a ready-made suit; his associates in the University of that no foreign civilization grafted up- Tokyo, or his employers in the gov- on an Oriental state could live and ernment of Japan. thrive unless assimilated to the native It has been lately said of him by parent stock. Moreover, altho im- the Viscount Tanaka, then Vice- Min- mense changes in the inner life of ister of Education:t such a highly sensitive people might indeed be effected from without, yet "All his success in connection with no mere exchange of one materialisour education was partly due to the • In the Nnv York Observer, July 17. 'g02.

t In a letter to his Biographer, dated Tokio, September 2r, '902.

tic civilization for another could bode He refused to ignore the virtuous any good, unless both were interpen- aspects of these ethnic teachings, the etrated and fused by those principles sanction lent to them by a venerable and ideals which Christianity alone antiquity, or the powerful hold which supplies. And these principles, to be- they have upon Oriental character. come generally accepted and opera- On the contrary, he emphasized all tive, must be embodied in lives able points of agreement between these to counteract the deep, prevailing, in- teachings and those of Christianity. stinctive, and no less well deserved He always' aimed to meet the native distrust, suspicion and aversion direct- Chinaman or Japanese, peasant, mered against foreigners in the East. chant, officer, or scholar, upon his own ground; and then to show how Chris- The Christian religion in China and tianity satisfied needs which, while Japan, in both the common and official partly recognized, are wholly unpromind, has inevitably been associated vided for in the pagan teachings. But with the political designs of the West, to enlarge upon the antagonisms inwith the arrogance and aggression of volved appeared to him mischievous; foreign states; with the greed and du- while the unquestionable merits that plicity of foreign commerce; with the belong to those nations and systems opium and coolie traffic; with the per- he recognized cordially. sonal insolence and brutality which for 300 years the natives have suffered This function of conciliation, and at the hands of foreigners from Chris- the promotion of a mutual undertian lands; with the infamous lives of standing between all parties concerngreat numbers who claim the protec- ed, was exemplified by him with notation of supposedly Christian govern- ble success in public diplomacy, in ments. All this the Christian mission- which field he smoothed the way for ary must offset by such a life and negotiating some of the most benefiwork as shall conciliate these Eastern cent treaty provisions between China peoples, not only to his faith, but to and Japan, indirectly affecting the rethe very presence of an Occidental. lation of these countries with the Nothing can better accomplish this Western Treaty Powers. His part than such exhibitions of Christian was in the background and mainly character in secular affairs as must unofficial-that of a confidential counprofoundly convince pagan minds that sellor, whose assistance was sought the best friends their country has are and highly valued by those officially those who are Christians indeed. concerned. For this reason what he did was not known to the public then, In his view there was no conceiva- and can not yet be fully told. It is ble condition of society in which Chris- better known that, in the final suprestianity was not better for any people sion of the coolie traffic in 1872-3, than Mohammedanism, Buddhism, or one of the most inhuman evils of mod- Confucianism. Yet his profound ern times, this humble missionary docknowledge of Oriental literature, phil- tor was a very conside.able factor; osophy, and history made him aware and it was not by accident or chance that the East possesses some institu- that in the adjustment of international tions, and its wisdom many maxims, disputes between China and Japan he little inferior to those of the West.

I9Q6] AN AMERICAN MISSIONARY

came twice prominently to the front. For nearly three years, 1877-89, he was His recognized experience and effi- Foreign Adviser, with rank of Secre- ciency in the consular service of his tary, to the first resident Legation of own country at three different ports of China in Tokyo. But the Far East as China, his established reputation for a whole, was always present to his fair dealing and flawless integrity in mind, and his conception of needs, both private and official relations, his and adaptation of service, were those great scholarly attainments, his urban- of a true Christian statesman.

ity and piety, combined with a rare The Viscount Tanaka Fujimare, ex- aptitude for diplomatic business, more Vice-Minister of Education, and ex- than once attested in the official cor- Minister to Italy, a warm personal respondence of the United States, ren- friend, knowing exactly his standing dered him a conspicuous figure of his among the Japanese, in the letter time, and marked him out as one pre- above referred to says: eminently suited for diplomatic em- "Dr. McCartee was thoroughly acployment. Besides this, in the first quainted with Japan, its language, its days of the University of Tokyo, literature, and its people." (In regard where his chair was properly that of to the Loa Choo affair of 1879:) natural history, he for three years "You are right in saying that when he acted as Adviser at the time of the taught Justinian's Institutes, Pome- first Chinese Legation, he contributed roy's Municipal Law, and the elements much toward the peace between the of the Law of Nations. two countries. I and my wife used to call on Dr. McCartee and family But all this work, however import- very often while here, sometimes stayant, was extremely unobtrusive, and ing with them for several hours. We not widely known; and in a private were very much struck with their letter he remarked that Dr. Martin beautiful home life."

was probably correct in saying once Dr. McCartee was not called a of him,that he was "a man jealous of statesman, and there were eighteen his reputation, but indifferent to out of fifty-six years in which he was fame." Perhaps no other foreigner not called a missionary. But if in ever divided so many years between truth, and aside from merely profes~ China 'and Japan, so nearly even in sional distinctions, such a man is not the attention given to the interests of a statesman or a missionary, then who both, and continued during his visits is? How obviously great beyond to the United States. Certainly no measurement, and Christian beyond other foreigner was ever better situ- doubt, the influence of such a life! He ated for understanding these two never would accept or retain a posi- countries in their mutual relations, and tion that involved the smallest com- points of comparison and contrast. No promise of his Christian faith. As a other ever served both countries with scholar, physician, diplomatist, mis- more loyalty to their best interests, or sionary, and gentleman, he was great- received a larger measure of confi- ly admired; but his fame will be chiefly dence from the natives of both. Too due to the example afforded by his true a friend not to rebuke their faults, spotless life of that godliness, right- he appreciated the excellencies of both, eousness, and self-oblivious kindness, and in many ways sought to bring which perfect the man and exalt a about the best mutual understanding. people.

STEWART. M.D.. D.D.. OF LOVEDALE*

BY GEORGE SMITH, ESQ., LL.D., C.LE.

After half a century of self-sacrifice time still out of joint. Offering him and toil for the Bantu people, James i150 a year to join him, Livingstone Stewart, missionary of the United wrote to him in 1862, addressed "in Free Church of Scotland, died at nubibus or elsewhere :" Lovedale on the 21St of December, 1905, in his seventy-fifth year, and was Possibly I underestimate difficulties, and laid to rest on the top of a hill, Sandili's Kop, which overlooks the scene I may not fully realize those which must of his labors. In 1864 Dr. Stewart was selected to develop the small mis- be encountered by the men who will be sionary "seminary" at Lovedale, into an industrial, normal, and theological honored to introduce the Gospel into the institution. He took charge in 1866. His founding of the Livingstonia and center of the slave market of Eastern Afthe East African Missions was only second to his building up of Lovedale. rica; but were I young again, and planning His name is enrolled with those of Alexander Duff and David Living- how I could best layout my life, without stone. hesitation I would go in for this new field He_ was born in Edinburgh in 1831. As a boy, he gave his holidays to driv- of missionary labor. 1£ an ·efficient minising stones in his father's carts from a distant quarry to build the new Ab- ter settles in almost any parish at home, bey Church. During his Moderator- or goes to India or other country where ship, 1899-1900, when he preached from the text, "Ethiopia shall soon he could enter into other men's labors, the stretch out her hands to God," he conversions that may be attributed to the labors of his life might probably far out- number those which may result directly from your efforts here. But I believe that work here would eventually tend most to the advancement of the Kingdom. I un- dervalue the preaching of the Cross no- where. The case, however, under consid- eration seems to be very much that of a professor of theology giving up the pas- torate and direct effort to save souls in order that, by preparing other minds for the work, he may indirectly convert a hun- dredfold more than he otherwise could have done. .

pointed out the spot on the old farm where he resolved to go as a mission- Stewart's reply was to take his M. ary. He equipped himself for an or- D. degree and go to Lovedale till the dained medical missionary; for a short burial of his hero-friend in Westminstime acted as assistant to Dr. Cand- ter Abbey roused all Scotland; and on lish; preceded Dr. Whyte in Glasgow, his first return in 1875 he founded and helped Dr. Brydone in Dunscore. the Livingstonia Mission. What that • David Livingstone's "Missionary mission has done, thirty-one years of Travels" fired him and gave direction almost unrivalled success tell. to his life. Tho only twenty-six, and With Lovedale Missionary Institu- a probationer, he offered himself, to tion, Dr. Stewart has been most close- explore and open up that mission in ly identified. In 1855, the Governor Nyasaland to which Livingstone in- of Cape Colony, Sir George Grey, vited the people of Scotland. "The proposed that an industrial depart- time was not yet;" but an independ- ment be added to Lovedale "semi- ent committee sent him forth "to con- nary," and promised grants to carry fer with me about a Scotch colony," it out. The Presbytery appealed in as Livingstone wrote in 1861. He ac- 1858 for assistance in doing their part.

companied the great missionary's The answer of Dr. Duff and his com- wife to Shupanga, where she died. mittee was to organize the mission and was buried. Alone in a canoe, anew; and under this James Stewart, Stewart explored Lake Nyasa for six M.D., began his life-work in 1866.

months, and after two and a half On his appointment to Lovedale years, return~d to Scotland to find the and departure, the committee drew up *Condensed from the United F,"Ce Church Monthly. a minute as to its future management, those directly connected with the educain which this passage occurs: tion of the more advanced native students.

1866. 20th November. "5. That with "I therefore write you, and to other Euro- reservation of the interests of existing pean missionaries, to ask you to assist in agents all the agents charged with the man- carrying out this scheme for the advance- agement of the farm or other industrial ment of native education throughout South departments connected with the Seminary, Africa, that we, by cooperation with one should hereafter be paid from the proceeds another, and cooperation with the govof these departments." 6 provides that "so ernments, may insure the missionary and soon as native congregations are formed, interdenominational character of the prothe care of them ought, as speedily as pos- posed college. sible, to be consigned to a native pastorate . . . in time to be supported by Representatives of one hundred and natives themselves, while the European fifty thousand of the South African missionaries should be free to press on to the regions beyond." 8 and 9 urge coopera- natives, who owe all they are to tion and union with the Churches of the Colony, in accordance with the minute of the missionaries, have petitioned the 1864. King's High Commissioner, Lord Sel- After eight years' work on such lines, Stewart returned to Scotland on borne, and the governors accordingly. furlough, to raise funds for a large The Anglican Bishop of Lebombo, reextension of the institution, which cently addressed to the Bishop of St. has ever since been an arts, divinity, John's Bloemfontein, a most catholic industrial, and medical college, the first in Africa. Lovedale, under forty testimony to the work of James Stewyears of his work, has evangelized the art and to its results: Bantu race, or the Kafirs, Fingoes, and Zulus south of the equator. Its September 2, 1905. supremacy, in influence and efficiency, has been acknowledged by the whole I had opportunity of talking over the Reformed Church. The spiritual and rumor that Dr. Stewart feels that the work the political results of Lovedale, and at Lovedale has been a failure, with Mr. its sister institutions at Blythewood, Lennox, and of letting Dr. Stewart him- Overtoun, and Kikuyu, every decade self know that I wanted to speak to him reveals. on that subject.

Dr. Stewart's personal influence on He broached the subject of the rumor the six colonies and states south of to me, and wanted to know in what way the work at Lovedale was to be regarded Zambesi, and that of his writings, as a failure-whether financially, or intelespecially his "Kafir Vocabulary," and lectually, or spiritually, or politically, or "Dawn in the Dark Continent," was morally. He most emphatically denied that Immense. he considered it a failure in any of these ways, and stated that if he were to begin Dr. Stewart dictated this message his life-work over again he would not to the missionaries of all the Churches wish to spend his energy in a different way. just a week before his death: To the financier he would reply that DEAR SIR :-The recommendation of the the books of the Institution showed that, recent Inter-Colonial Native Affairs Com- from the time when fees were first charged mission, with regard to the establishment to the end of 1903, the pupils or their relaof a central native college aided by the tives had contribnted in fees not less than various states for training native teachers, £63,734 towards the expenses. and in order to afford opportunities for higher education to native students, has, He would refer the educationalist to the no doubt, occupied your thoughts. As the examination records of the Cape Univerproposal is being discussed by natives all sity and the Educational Department, which over the country, and in view of any ac- show that between the years I886 and Igoo tion the government may take to give prac- the certificates gained by Lovedale students tical effort to the recommendation, it seems numbered 836. well that expression should be given to the opinion of missionaries, and especially of To the Christian he could point to the men trained at Lovedale who had been thonght worthy of office in the ministry of' various denominations, or were employed as catechists and evangelists. The figures up to the year 1903 showed that S7 minis- ters and SS evangelists or catechists were old Lovedale boys. The ecclesiastical bod- ies employing them, included, besides the Free Church, the Baptist, Church of Eng- land, Congregationalist, Huguenot, Mora- vian, and Wesleyan.

To the politician he would point out the perfectly to the grace of God, results would number of former students who had served have been more satisfactory still. their king and country in various branches of the civil service as interpreters, magis- With proper Christian humility he had trates' clerks, and in postal and telegraph spoken of his work in connection with work, IIZ; in railway and police work, 86; Lovedale as falling very far short of his school teachers, 768. ideals. It is quite easy to see how this would give rise to the saying that he feels To the moralist he would dwell on the the work at Lovedale to have been a failnumbers still retained in official positions ure. in spite of the fact that others, either white or black, would be ready at once to step The Foreign Mission Committee into their places if any moral flaw could be detected which would justify the authorities have cordially invited Rev. James in declaring thei r posts vacant. Henderson, of Livingstonia, to the In one way -only did he consider that there had been failure. He was willing to office of Principal in succession to Dr. allow that, if he himself and those who Stewart. This invitation was given worked with him had corresponded more prior to his death, and in accordance with his own request.

BIBLICAL INSIGHT AND FOREIGN MISSIONS * BY REV. HENRY C. MABIE, D.D., BOSTON, MASS.

Upon the surface it would seem far even in thought the practical situation easier than it is, to enlist interest on abroad to be dealt with; and the the part of western Christendom in number is yet comparatively few who its missionary task among pagan na- from training, from insight into world tions. The Church to whom the ap- conditions, or from grasp of the Di- peal is made is a called-out body, vine program, can easily bring themsupposedly standing apart from the selves to attack the problem. The world, with a new nature prompting fact that this is the most unselfish of it to seek the renewal of all men,-a all undertakings, is grounded in the post-Pentecost people, intended to be deepest paradoxes of Christianity,- endued with power through many grasped by few until too late to comtongues to reach all nations with the mit themselves to new enterprises,- Gospel. Practically, however, it is still further makes it all seem a farvery much to expect that even this ,off dream, beyond one's power serielect body, as a whole, or as yet ously to grapple. It is for the few, even in the majority of its member- therefore, who do enter into the sitship, will habitually live in the spirit uation, to make this cause their own, of its ideals. Many as are the bars to maintain patience with the multito the outward extension of Chris- tude in whom indeed the spirit may tianity which have been removed, be willing, while the flesh is weak, such as territorial separations by seas and to go on and do the work. not yet navigable, difficulties of lan- At the very basis of all intelligent guage, and the corruptions on the and lasting interest in this work is part of the Church not yet arrived at insight into the Holy Scriptures. But a proper self-understanding, neverthe- this can come only to those who paless there still remain difficulties pe- tiently burrow into them, who learn culiar to this high task. Multitudes to read between the lines, who live have little appreciation of the real in the spirit of the new vision, and -status of the heathen; many have lit- so come into the spirit of the Divin.e tle power of imagination to construct Master. And, even after one has him- • From· an Address given at the late Baptist World Congress, held in London, July II-IS, '9OS, on "How to Create Deeper Interest in the Home Chnrches in Foreign Missions."

BIBLICAL INSIGHT AND FOREIGN MISSIONS

self acquired such insight, it must ever at-home portion of the Church into be difficult so to expound to others larger benevolence. But even this those Scriptures as that they will be idealization of the work felt by the brought into the same spirit, and so few in new qualms of conscience, will become rewrought into the new habit not endure unless fed with more heav- of missionary endeavor. Now there enly oil.

is no nostrum for producing this Even the study of missions, under change in men, inasmuch as there is whatever form conducted, and espe- no method, apart from actual exper- cially if emphasized chiefly in the in- ience of deeper things-whereby one tellectual realm, may, after all, leave may be initiated into the secrets of a only a product of speCUlative value, missionary Christianity. because something more than mere in- The missionary interpretation of telligence is needed. It is often said the Scriptures then is the fundamental that if people only better understood, means of deepening interest in mis- intelIectually speaking, what missions sions. It is a sorry thing to have to have been and are, they would be say that, in many parts, this form of more interested. But motive as well effort is little relied upon, as a prac- as intelligence must be awakened, and tical measure, either in England or to open the inner springs, the con- America. Indeed, in some societies, science, and the will, as well as the the fiscal or business end of the man- understanding, must be moved. Hence agement has by far the greater prom- the Bible and its most sagacious in- inence in the public presentations of terpretation, in speech and literature the cause. In our judgment, no de- is, after all, the ultimate power, to fect in policy can be graver. The mis- reach the Church and animate it. .

sion cause which is not developing a If indeed the missionary deputa- spiritually interpretative function in tioner at home on furlough with liv- setting forth the very genius of the ing accounts of his work, can be sec- work, as expressing the mind of onded by the sympathetic missionary Christ, has already entered upon its secretary, or, better yet, by the local decline: for even Christians will not pastor of the church visited, combin- long be moved to give care or money ing their two-fold testimony, namely, in directions involving the most costly that from experience and that from self-sacrifice-the expatriation of mis- some principle of God's Word, so that sionaries, the endurance of pestilential the man of God and the Word of climates, and the contact with the God are joined in the appeal, the pro- grossest moral evils in the human foundest stirrings of heart may be race–{)n the basis of appeals, primar- expected.

ily pecuniary. Men little care to pay The use of the missionary confer- for privileges like these. Unless there- ence in important centers, lasting one, fore the vision of Christ is experienced two, or three days, to which the writer by the advocate of missions, and by and many others have been giving the Spirit is transmitted to others, lit- themselves, in past years, is an agency tle headway will be made in develop- of the deepest value, for moving the ing the missionary conscience. pastorate to proper cooperation. There Of course, there is much value in is not time in the ordinary annual the personal narrations and testimo- meetings, which must be more or less nies of exceptionalIy gifted and he- formal and perfunctory, to deal with roic missionaries, as from time to time the great principles, the spiritual veri- they come before the churches. The ties, which lie at the root of the whole presentation of new appointees for missionary undertaking. There is need service, aflame with exalted ideals, to develop among circles of kindred but as yet existing largely in the realm spirits the meditative habit under the of sentiment, will also evoke consid- influence of a face-to-face vision of erable sympathy, and shame the stay- the Biblical forms of missionary truth,.

the concrete statements of the mis- Epistles, the exposition of it; the sionary worker from the front, and Apocalypse, the unveiling of it in des- the normal relationships of a pastor tiny; and all together were compo- to his flock. nent parts of the self-realization of There is, of course, an important the Christ, the new Adam of the place for the presentation of the finan- race.

cial needs of the work, and for the To be yet more specific: in the employment of the best skill in secur- Acts, (i-2) we are reminded that ing contributions; but this is always Jesus "was received up"-in the as- a secondary subsidiary process. If .cension-"after that he had given one is to keep the fountain open and commandments through the Holy flowing, the deeper springs must be Spirit unto the apostles whom he had tapped; merely to appeal for money chosen." Observe the reviser's change over and over again and in ever in- suggested, literally "the commanding"

creasing amounts, apart from the most -rather than the plural "command- glowing presentation of the Christian ments," as in the common version. Of motives, is to draw from a broken cis- course, a close observation of Scrip- tern. Any missionary society thus ture only would discern a point like doing will dry itself up, will cut itself this, but the discernment makes all off from the sympathies to which it the difference with the impression re- is entitled. ceived. Luke is virtually saying that But someone will ask, what is meant Jesus could not ascend to his glory by the missionary interpretation of again until he had reached a given the Bible? Will the Church not tire goal; that goal, the commanding of of hearing sermons on the great com- the Church to do a specific thing, mission? Yea, doubtless; but if, as namely to evangelize the nations. The one reads the Bible, he comes to find whole axis then of Christ's incarnate that every narrative, miracle, record career, as related first to the earth, of the Spirit's work, as in The Acts; and then to his continued work in every Epistle, in its multitudinous heaven, turned upon the promulgation parts, each and all are alive with the of the supreme command to evangelize very Spirit of our Lord, then the case mankind. Everything on earth in will be different. Since all this is es- Christ's career led up to that goal, sentially Christian, the people will not and everything on the Heaven side tire, if presented with freshness and of his exalted service starts from it.

holy elation of spirit. Christianity If World-Evangelization then, is the itself can not be properly interpreted most pivotal matter in connection with without involving its practical corol- the work of the Redeemer, then the laries, and these all are missionary. work of missions is no subordinate, For example, God's covenant with subsidiary thing, optional with the Abraham, in its compass was mission- Church to take up or not; but the one ary. The supreme function of Israel vital thing, without which, from as a people was intended to be mis- Christ's point of view, all else is dis- sionary, and for the failure to make ordered. Numberless instances like it so Israel lost her kingdom; the tem- this in which missions are implied as ple itself was intended to be "a house integral to Christianity-as lying at of prayer for all nations." Failing to its very heart-abound in the New be this, it became "a den of thieves," Testament. The man who is not a as does everything human and earth- careful student of the Word, will ly, stopping short of the Divine in- never see them, and he who is not in tent. Christ's very incarnation was the spirit of that Word will not care missionary, his death was such, his to see them: and hence because of resurrection, his ascension, and the ignorance on the one hand, and of in- gift of the Spirit of Pentecost. The disposition of the carnal. heart on the Acts were the outworking of it; the other, the cause dearest to Christ goes

19Q6] SAMUEL H. HADLEY, THE SOUL WINNER

a-begging. It has ever been so; it by that for which we plead. We will ever be so until church leaders, especially mention such in America as pastors particularly, become missionary exegetes of the Word of God, those of the late Dr. A. J. Gordon in and so divinely apostolic. Boston, of Rev. Wilton Merle Smith It is well known that in England of New York City, and of Rev. C. E. the expository feature in preaching Bradt of Wichita, Kansas. is its best characteristic. It is that which is the strength and glory of That which more than all else has the nonconformist churches. And yet rendered vital the Student Volunteer even there, dependence upon the mis- Movement, is the fact that back of sionary exposition of the Scriptures and underneath all, in the habits of its leaders, and in the work carried is much in the background as a means on in the colleges, Bible study as funof deepening interest. It is only in damental to missionary power is conits beginnings in the United States. tinually cultivated. The missionary But wherever employed, other things enterprise throughout is against the being equal, there missionary interest grain of selfish, carnal human nature, will be at the maximum, and mission- and it can only be overcome by the ary funds most easily increased. Cer- Book of Heaven, and by. the Spirit tain pastorates in America, and doubt- of Heaven, a Spirit which renounced less some notable ones in England, even heavenly rights that it might have been conspiciously characterized prove itself missionary: that is, godly in character.

SAMUEL H. HADLEY, THE SOUL WINNER * God has His "HALL OF FAME." But Church of Christ. Mr. Hadley, while those who find there a memorial are others have been talking, has been donot of man's choosing: this honor is ing. No man of his day has done reserved for those who are "great in more, if as much, to reach, and show the eyes of the Lord"-those who are others how to reach, the hopeless vicgreat in humility-great in His eyes tims of sinful habits-to lift them out because little in their own; great in of the horrible pit and miry clay, and simplicity, like a little child; great in set their feet upon a rock and put into faith, implicitly believing and trusting; their mouth a new song. great in love, cheerfully sacrificing self for others. Judged by such stand- Eyes wept at his bier, that are unards, Mr. Hadley was one of God's used ~o weep. There was a shock like great men, and there are many who an earthquake among the wharf-rats know that a prince and a hero has and river-thieves, the liquor dens and passed away. dives of sin, when it was whispered about on that fateful Friday, Febru- Mr. Hadley ranks among Christian ary 9th, that Hadley, of Water Street statesmen. At least seven or eight and the Bowery Mission, was no more. social questions confront us, that tax True to the last to his holy mission, the wisest brains and noblest hearts his pathetic dying groan, heard by to furnish an adequate, practical so- his nurse as she bent over him at the. lution-such as the problems of hospital, was: "My poor bums! my drink, lust, crime, poverty, the uplift- poor bums! who will look out for ing of the Negro, labor and capital, them for me!" the Church and the masses, and the redemption of the outcast classes. The "316 Water Street" was a spiritual last is the most difficult, and has so tonic to many a visitor who went far proved too hard for even the there to see "John 3 :r6," illustrated. There was God's Love to the World • The substance of an address at the funeral, February 12th, by the Editor-in-Chief.

exemplified and reflected in a godlike a century ago. Once sober, he got love of man for man; and the self-giv- employment, and good wages, and ing of the Lord Jesus was imitated in might have hoarded money. But bea human self-giving rarely equalled. fore his deep desire to lift other fallen Mr. Hadley loved all, and gave all. His men out of the gutter, every business own comfort was nothing. His pas- prospect was sacrificed in hope to save sion for souls was a consuming fire. the worst and most abandoned. He He rejoiced to suffer with and for whom sin had driven to the verge of those he sought to save, knowing that suicide, and who had found abundant "as soon as we cease to bleed we pardon and plenteous redemption cease to bless." In his mission the lived to tell others of what God had hungry found bread; the naked, cloth- done for him, and show in himself a ing; the weak, a strong arm, and the "pattern," that others as bad and hopehopeless, inspiration. He did not less, might believe to life everlasting. give what cost him nothing-seeking, His first convert, like Andrew's was with a mess of words to feed the his own brother, Col. Hadley, who for starving, and a robe of fair promises so many years was so successful a to cover nakedness. He starved him- worker in similar ways, for souls. It self to feed, and he robbed himself to is reckoned that, during his years of provide. sublimely unselfish work, S. H. Had- ley brought into a new life in Christ Nothing was more marvellous than over 75,000 outcasts. But this is only his patience. After being cheated part of the results, most of which can twenty times he would shame a man not be tabulated. Thousands more out of his frauds by trusting him yet have heard and felt what Water street again, like the Divine love that never had to offer, and have gone out, like refuses, and never upbraids, because drift-wood, to float on the sea of life, of past unfaithfulness and treachery. to distant points, but carrying with them saving truth and power. Some He had a very definite experience of them will not be heard from, perof conversion. He had passed through haps till the day when God makes up the fires of an earthly Tartarus-a His jewels. But there is reason to hopeless sot, a gambler, a thief, a believe that, in that humble mission, "bum." He had gone down till there God has wrought miracles of grace seemed no lower depth to descend in- as wonderful as any primitive mirato, except the bottomless pit. In a cles of cure. 316 Water Street has drinking saloon in Harlem he had a been a Bethesda, where the Heavenly strange vision, both of sin and salva- Angel continually troubles the pool, tion. Delirium tremens, with its hor- and many spiritual cripples have found rors, was upon him, and he felt him- healing. self falling-but he determined to "fall to'Umrd the Cross!" as he him- Job xxix: II-I6 suggests an approself said. He was not too drunk to priate epitaph for this winner of souls: walk up to the bar, and pounding it with his fist till the glasses rattled, he When the ear heard me, then it blessed said: "Boys, listen to me! I am dy- me: ing, but I will die in the street before I will take another drink!" He drag- And when the eye saw me, 'it gave witged himself to a lock-up and asked to ness to me: have the key turned on him to keep him from the worse gates of hell. He Because I delivered the poor that cried, afterward strayed into the McAuley And the fatherless, and him that had Cremorne Mission, 32d street, and none to help him. there, instead of reproach, found welcome, food and warmth. And there, The blessing of him that was ready to that night, he found Christ. This was perish came upon me: in 1882, a little less than a quarter of And I caused the widow's heart to sing for joy.

I was eyes to the blind, and feet was I to the lame.

I was A FATHER TO THE POOR.

EDITORIALS

GANAPATI, OR GANESHA,THE Hudson Taylor, about the Japanese-Russian war was published, which some weeks ago INDIAN IDOL had been found within the pages of The Institute Tie. This idol, represented on the cover, commonly worshiped as the God of In the article referred to, the name Luck, is found in almost every house and shop in India. Hindu tradition and address of the missionary, respon- makes this god to be the son of Shiva, one of the Tri-murti, or triad of dei- sible for the report, were explicitly ties, which consists of Brahma, the Creator; Vishnu, the Preserver; and given. The remarkable character of Shiva, or Siva, the Destroyer and Renovator. the prophecy, however, has apparently Mythology teaches that Shiva, in staggered some persons, one of whom a quarrel with his son, in anger smote off his head. Parvati, Shiva's wife, wrote the editor as follows: wrathfully commanded him to restore their son to life. Shiva sought for What was the source of your information, Ganapati's head, but, failing to find and can you run the matter down so as to it, seized an elephant's head and stuck see whether it is authoritative, or only fic- it on the headless body. At the same tion? It would seem strange that the Taytime this compensation was granted lor family had never known of the prophto the elephant-headed god, that he ecy, and certainly· I had never heard of it. should be first worshiped in all cere- In the second place, I should hardly think monies. He is always represented as Dr. Taylor would be so indiscreet as to a four-handed god. make a prophecy of this kind ten years ago.

The idol is thus reproduced, that it Before receiving this challenge, the may be more vividly seen what sort of objects receive idolatrous homage Rev. Mr. Goddard had been communieven in India! cated with, in order to make sure that MR. HUDSON TAYLOR'S PROPHECY OF A WORLD-WIDE REVIVAL the report was correct, and below is On page 140 of The Institute Tie his authentication of the report. He (Dec., 1905), was printed a remarkable says: prophecy delivered by Mr. J. Hudson The following statement, from Rev. O. Taylor in China, ten years ago. Mrs. E. Goddard of Muskogee, 1. T., a returned Dr. Howard Taylor, his daughter-in- missionary of the M. E. Church South, law, wrote to the Editor, Mr. Fitt: from China, will doubtless be of great in- terest to those who are burdened for, and We have been deeply interested in your living in expectation of, a soon coming December number, and especially in a para- world-wide revival.. He says: graph, on page I40' relating to my dear father-in-law, Mr. Hudson Taylor. The Something more than ten years since, statement by Mr. Goddard is entirely new in the city of Shanghai, China, it. was my to us, and we are anxious to know more privilege to edit an address delivered by about it, if possible, to have it corroborated. Hudson Taylor, of the China Inland Mis- May I trouble you to forward the enclosed sion; and I recall that in the midst of his letter to Mr. Goddard, who is unknown to remarks, the speaker paused and said: us. I presume you have some address that will find him. "Brethren, I have a conviction which I be- lieve is of the Lord, that in the next ten From Germany a letter also came years, there will occur one of the bloodiest to hand as follows: wars in the world's history. In this war Russia will be the leader on the one side, In German Christian papers recently, a [and one of the Eastern nations on the ten-year-ago vision of my dear friend, Mr. other]. The sentiment of the Christian na- tions will generally be against Russia. Con- temporaneous with this conflict, there shall burst out [in Western EU'rope] a revival such as was never known in the Christian Church, and which will spread throughout the world, turning many unto righteousness. And, my brethren, it is moreover my con- viction, that immediately following this mighty outpouring of the Holy Spirit, the Lord Himself will come."

The above is correct, with the clauses and phrases eliminated as indicated above in brackets. There was nothing unusual about the service, except the prophetic ut- terance. He was expounding a Psalm-I

don't remember which one. He did it in ter, Count Bernstorff, Dr. Forsyth and a quiet, unimpassioned manner, with the General Booth. air of one who was perfectly sure of his ground. Subsequent developments make The magnitude of the work of the this deliverance intensely interesting. society may be seen in the fact that on June I, it dispatched nine tons of Yours in Christ, Bibles and parts of Bibles, in twenty- O. E. GODDARD. eight languages, from its warehouses. The demands from all parts of the Mr. Goddard is a returned mission- world surpass all previous records. ary of the M. E. Church, South. The Bible is the best selling book in the world. In one hundred years this Is it not possible that the "Latter society has issued more than one hun- Rain" is now beginning to fall, and dred and eighty million copies; and, the words of Joel are finding a fore- in eighty-eight years, the American cast of fulfilment: Bible Society nearly seventy-five mil- lion. The British society issues 2,000 "And it shall come to pass afterward, that copies every working hour, or nearly I will pour out My Spirit upon all flesh; six million every year. and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams, The different translations of the your young men shall see visions." Word of God now reach upward of 420 different languages and dialects. SYMBOLS OF RELIGIONS All the main tongues are, of course, covered and nearly aU the secondary Each of the known religions of the languages. And the work still goes world may be associated in our minds on, every year adding to the number with a definite symbol. As the Cross and every revision perfecting the represents Protestant Christianity, and work of previous translators. Let us St. Andrew's Cross the Greek church, not forget that fine apothegm of and the Crucifix the Papacy, the Sun, Goethe: "Translators are the agents or Fire may stand for Parseeism, the of intellectual commerce among the Ancestral Tablet for Confucianism, nations." the Wheel, with its suggestion of endless revolution, Buddhism, the Cres- THE REVIVAL WAVE IN INDIA cent, Mohammedanism, the Fetich, the lowest Paganism, and the Iron RiJlg We rejoice to record other and mulof Caste, Brahmanism, etc. tiplied answers to prayer in the ex- tension of spiritual quickening. THE BIBLE SOCIETY OF BRITAIN A most valued correspondent, We warmly congratulate the Brit- whose sphere of work is Calcutta, ish and Foreign Bible Society on suc- writes: "It is blessed to turn away cessfully completing its great Centen- from the withering effects of destructary Celebration, which has occupied ive criticism, and see how the Spirit the whole year. One noble feature of of God is gushing forth as Living this celebration was the raising of a Waters where the Gospel has been quarter million guineas, by far the preached, where the Lord Jesus most of which has come in small Christ, in his death, resurrection and amounts. Nearly one-eighth of the ascension has been exalted. Our total sum is from the British colonies, hearts are full of joy over what God and over iII,OOO from continental Eu- is doing in India in these days." rope, India, and China. Royal patrons are numbered among those who Bishop Robinson, for many years sent congratulatory messages to the editor of the Indian Witness, is not Thanksgiving meeting at Royal Al- an emotional man, but his writing bert halI, Nov. 7. including the Brit- shows how he has been stirred. He ish king, German kaiser, kings of Den- heads an article: "Bengal, Awake! mark and Sweden, queen of Holland, Thy King Has Come !"- And then and the president of the United States. proceeds to describe in vivid terms The speakers were Mr. Whitelaw Reid, Bishops of Carlile and Manches-

EDITORIAL

"days of power and blessing at As- ed people began to cry for mercy, ansol." and there seemed to be a new atmos- He frankly says that the scenes he phere in which approaching and has witnessed of late can not ade- guiding souls seemed wonderfully quately be described. Before the natural and easy.

Asansol District Conference had met, Those who only heard of these December 7, God had been mightily scenes might think them 'on~y Han working among the boys and girls in outburst of Oriental demonstrative- the boarding-schools, a number of ness and sensuous excitement." But whom had been converted, and some Bishop Robinson says this is far from baptized of the Spirit. At the conclu- the truth. Among those most deep- sion of his morning sermon the In- ly moved were the Europeans present, dian pastor (Rev. Keshut Mullick) who were fairly lifted out of them- invited inquirers forward for prayer selves; and the missionary himself and instruction, and there was a re- who was in charge lay prostrate for a sponse such as was thrilling-not time, so overcome as to be speechless, only as to number, but as to earnest- The meeting lasted for three hours, ness-deep conviction of sin being and the time will forever be memo- seen in sobs and cries, followed by rable as one of a visitation of Holy songs of joy in the peace of believing. Ghost power rarely witnessed in India One marked feature was the conver or anywhere else.

sian of domestic servants, and there The Lord's Day, following, was remarkable visions and revela- brought the interest to a climax. The tions in the Lord beyond explanation. ordinary service gave way to one of A goodly company, especially of testimony, with great power. One young women, were filled with the woman,a widow, came forward, and Spirit, and gave themselves to intense saying she had nothing to offer to the intercession, for hours at times, and Lord but herself and her infant boy, to testimony for Christ in adjacent she handed her child to Rev. W. P.

villages. Byers (who has for years been in When the conference meetings be- charge of the district) and then her- gan, December 7, advantage was self fell prostrate. Mr. Byers, taking taken of this rising tide of spiritual the child with deep emotion, dedicated interest, and prayer was much em- him in prayer to God, as the widow's phasized. On December 8 wonderful offering of "all she had." A burst of development.s began. First an Anglo- song followed, and the bishop says Indian lady worker came out into new "one could almost see the Spirit de- light, then two of her associate work- scend upon the people." The whole ers, and a Bengali teacher, at a meet· scene beggars description. To a ing continued past midnight, and they caviller there might seem to be confu- could not sleep for joy. The next sion, but to a believer there was but day, Saturday, a short devotional ad- one conviction that filled with hoIv dress on "The Promise of the Father," awe-HGod hath visited His people.;'

with references to the working of the So powerful was the manifestation of Spirit in various parts of the land, was the presence of the Spirit, that it followed by an outburst of prayer, would not have been a surprise to see praise, and joyful witness. In the tongues of fire or hear them speak afternoon, Mr Kehl, of Calcutta, bore with other tongues, as at Pentecost.

witness to the revival in India, and Young women brought their fathers the Spirit of God fell on the people and mothers to be prayed for. There anew. There was "a wonderful stir" was agonizing l>upplication, and in- -many rising to their feet, throwing quirers found Christ, and believers a up their hands, and swaying to and new level of joy and self-surrender.

fro, singing with a power and unction Monday was the day for adjourn- unwitnessed beforeo Then unconvert- ment of the conference, but the whole

business program was upset by the stands for a half century of growing extraordinary spiritual developments. service to God and man, along the After a short Bible reading, all who most evangelical and conservative desired fuller consecration for soul- lines-a nursery of all missions at winning were invited to join in a sea- home and abroad, and a yearly conson of prayer. Many voices mingled vention of great power. in simultaneous supplication and selfdedication, the interest intensifying DOES JAPAN NEED THE GOSPEL until a "wave of power" swept everything before it. The original time Prof. James Orr, of Glasgow, in a allotted to the opening meeting was very striking paper, published in the exceeded threefold, and there was a United Freechurch Magazine for "tornado of spiritual enthusiasm"; January, gives the two following reaeven Bishop Robinson, who habitually sons for this urgent need: opposes undue demonstrativeness and excitement, testified that he could only 1. It is the age of transition. The stand still and see God mightily last half century has seen a revolution working, filling Indian Christians with there unmatched in history. For inthe Holy Ghost. The living Spirit stance, in thirty years, out of nothing, was lifting disciples out the fogs and have come ten universities, with over mists of a merely nominal Christian- 300 special and 27,000 elementary ity into a heavenly atmosphere of joy schools and an aggregate of over and freedom. And one thing that 4,355,000 students! Twenty years shows the Spirit's control was the im- ago Japan had about 10,000 published mediateness of the response to the re- books, fourteen years later they had quest for quietness when the pro- multiplied to about 500,000,000! Of longed meeting was yet at its height. course, in such conditions, old false faiths are swept away. If there be THE MILDMAY INSTITUTIONS IN nothing to take their place, Japan is adrift without even an ethical rudder. LONDON 2. Japan has failed to develop a true Reach, this year, their Jubilee. The standard of moral life. The defect is first conference was called by Rev. not one of practise only, but of ideas Wm. Pennefather, at Barnet, in 1856. or ideals. The benevolence or humane- With his name and that of Catherine, ness ascribed to this people works his saintly wife, such as those of Sir within a very limited area, not includ- Arthur Blackwood, the Earl of Ca- ing mercy to the indigent, outcast, and van, James E. Mathison, Col. Morton, wretched. And even the philanand many others are forever asso- thropic spirit now moving is the ciated. fruit of Christianity's teaching. Dr. Petee, at the Tokio conference, Few persons in America know of showed that it is only since the introthe vast network of conferences, evan- duction of the Gospel that nearly 300 gelical services, missionary enterprises, benevolent institutions have been medical ·and hospital buildings, dea- founded, but it has set the pace for all conness' homes, etc., that cluster forms of practical benevolence. Moralabout Mildmay-all the outgrowth of ity is so Tow that even conscience Mr. Pennefather's piety and prayer. seems practically alive only as Chris- The appeal is for a Jubilee Fund and tian teaching quickens it, as seen in Thank-offering of at least £I5,000 sexual sins, in the filthy 'Kajiki (the ($75,000) ; and we know of few ob- Shinto Bible) and the lewd theaters. jects more worthy of the generous This paper of Dr. Orr's is worthy a support of God's people. Mildmay careful study,

MISSIONARY

ASIA out His Spirit upon us in melting power. The glory of the Lord filled An "Indian Missionary Society" the house, and for about an hour holy confusion reigned. This is a most important movement commenced by the native DELIA FISTLER. Christians. "It is (I) interdenominational, different districts to be The Greatest Prayer-Meeting in the World handed over to different bodies; (2) its agents Indian; (3) its money In- Is held outside the great mosque at dian; (4) its control in the hands of Indians, with the advice of a few Delhi every Friday morning. It is missionaries till well under weigh." The movement begun in South India attended by 3,000 to 4,000 men. It is is spreading with enthusiasm all over the land, and has reacted as a spir- a very impressive sight, these itual force, carrying real revival wherever it has gone. The commit- throngs in that large enclosure, all tee of advice includes the leading native Christians and most trusted gathered with the object of wormissionaries. shiping one God. You see all those A Confession that Costs men in the first positi1on of prayer, A missionary of the Church of England Zenana Missionary Society then in the second, and then in the tells of a native lady in India who was ordered by her father to repeat third. But not a woman there. the Mohammedan confession of faith. She refused, altho a hot That is the sacred enclosure, and no iron was pressed upon her bare foot as a persuasive. "I can not," she woman would be permitted to go said. "You will not!" thundered her angry father, and with that he heat- inside there. Among the Hindus ed the iron in the fire again. Pressing the hot iron upon the other foot, every woman is taught to worship he triumphantly shouted: "Now you will!" The ,brave woman, white to her god. She has her household gods. the lips from pain, answered: "No, Men have their household gods, too. r can not, for I am a Christian." A The men's gods are consecrated, but conclusive answer. But let us envy the sturdiness at the back of it. the women's gods are not, for fear Memorial Chapel she should pollute them. Moham- NowGONG, Central India, Jan. 25. medanism, on the other hand, ex- This afternoon a little company cludes women altogether; and just of praying souls gathered in the new memorial chapel raised to the mem- outside the wall of that great enory of Louise Eo Pierson, and dedicated it to God. We felt that the closure in which there are three or first service must be 'One of prayer only, and -that it was too sacred an four thousand meri, you might see hour for anyone to come in who did not believe in prayer, so only a little twenty or thirty poor old women, company of Christians met together -nearly all of whom knew and loved who come to get what little crumb of Louise-and God graciously poured comfort they can outside the wall.

That is what Mohammedanism does.

for woman. It excludes her alto- gether. REV. GREGORY MANTLE.

Washing .Up After a Missionary An old woman at Jhansi, in North India, a Brahman of strictest sect, and mother of a princess who is very ill, called in Dr. Blanche Monro, of the 'Woman's Union Missionary So- ciety. She dismissed the lady doctor each time with smiles, thanks, and rich rewards, then grimly ordered her servants to wash everything the foreign lady had touched-the floor, table, chairs, her 'Own clothes, and finally herself. After she has taken a bath, she feels pure once more. Imagine the determination required by a Brahman who dares profess faith in Christ.

Representative Caaes the Church would take the lesson to The Indian Witness records five heart that God is teaching us, with- "cases" a missionary met with during in ten years we might have ten mila recent tour in North India. ( I) A lions in India who are worshiping Brahman Sadhu, educated in a mis- idols to-day, either within the pale sion school, a lawyer for fifteen years, of the Christian Church, or inquirdisgusted with the world and with ing the way thither. But if my own Hinduism, wants to live with Chris- poor life is spared till I see a million tians to learn of Christ. (2) A Mo- gathered within our native Church in India, then I shall thank God, and hammedan of good position, con- these poor feet, which shrink and vinced of the truth of Christianity falter now, with unutterable joy shall and associates with Christians, a se- walk through the gates of day.' rious "inquirer." (3) A young Banya, educated in an "unpromising" mis- "Yemen of business, do missions sion school, resolved while there to pay? In 1856 the Church sent one be a Christian, now, years after, has missionary and his wife to the field. been baptized. (4) A young Khatri, educated in a mission school, but re- To-day we have 4,731 American and ceived apparently no conviction there, native workers in India. In 1856 the afterward met godly laymen who property of the mission was reported convinced him. On speaking some- as valued at $112.02. Now the valuwhat timidly to his wife, she told ation is $2,000,000. In 1857 three him that she (educated herself in a members and three probationers mission school) knew Christianity to were reported. In 1906 there is a be true, and agreed to be baptized membership of 160,000, and a Chriswith him. (5) An inquirer, son of tian community of 200,000. The a teacher in a mission school, educat- church-membership is being in- creased at the rate of nearly 20,000 a year as the flying years of the new ed in it himself. The facts, indi- century carry us on. From their cated in italics, show something of poverty the Indian Church proposes what the educational missionary is to lay on the Lord's altar this jubilee doing. year the sum of $50,000 as a thank The Jubilee in India offering. The home Church is asked to give $200,000 that a quarter of a Rev. J. Sumner Stone writes: million dollars may be devoted as a "Fifty years of work are ending in a special fund for the pushing of the pentecostal revival; 16,434 souls campaign for Christ in Hindustan. were added to the Church last Ort May 13 the collection will be year. If the first fruits of this year taken in all the churches for this ~uggest the coming harvest, fully a cause." score of thousands wil; be won for Christ when the Jubilate Deo is sung A Witness After Fifty Years in December under the shadow of September 24 was the fiftieth the Himalayas, where 'William But- anniversary of Dr. Griffith John's ar- ler, fifty years ago, opened his evan- rival in China. Here is his testi- gel, and Dr. Humphreys, still living, mony: baptized the first convert. "A missionary life is the greatest "There is an average of 3,000 con- of all poss~ble lives." "If a messenger verts a year for fifty successive from God should come and tell me years. William Butler's mantle is on . my life was to be spared for another the shou1ders of apostolic success- fifty years, China should have them ors. Bishop Thoburn, with faith's all." "That Inner Voice-I have al- vision undimmed, and spiritual ways obeyed it, and it has never strength unabated, summons the failed me. Even when, in earlier Church to larger gifts and more days, going into Hu-Nan with my heroic deeds. He says: 'I believe if life in my hands, I knew no fear-

MISSIONARY

return alive or not, I knew this was to myself: The rustling leaves of the the will of God for me." trees praise Thee. The innumerable "I learned a great secret many years ago-Never judge a man by company of songbirds praise Thee! what he says, or even by what he may do. Judge la man by what he IS, The chapel is finished, dedicated, what I know him to be." and occupied. We have a good many "Love-love-Iove-this is the secret of happy cooperation." varieties of work in progress here: China AwoJdng 2 hospitals, 3 dispensaries, 2 board- Chine3e students are still making ing-schools, 5 day-schools, 2 Suntheir way to foreign lands, to study the various methods in operation day-schools, training class for Bible and gain educational advantages. Several young men have left Nan- women, and outside evangelistic king to study modern law in Japan, the first out of some 300 to be sent work. Some translation is in progby the local authorities within the next two or three years. Forty Hu- ress iJ:Jesides. Everything is encournanese are to be sent at once to spend five years abroad in the study aging. Several officials were present of civil engineering. Seven Chinese students of good family have reached at the dedicatory service of the new England-three to study at the Armstrong works at Elswick, two at the church. Dr. Machle had 3 magnates government rifle factory at Enfield, and two at Kynoch's ammunition of Lienchow all waiting in his recepworks; eight others have gone to Germany, to Krupp's works, as ap- tion room, at once, for electrical prentices, and ten are cadets in the Austrian army; 228 Chinese students treatment last week. The church is are already in Belgium. The emperor has ordered a large number of well filled on Sundays. Christians Chinese youths to go to England and America with promises of royal constitute a considerable part of the "pleasure and consideration" on their return. The Chinese Ministers in audience, and there are some outsidforeign countries are enjoined to exert a paternal influence over such ers who are favorablv inclined to Chinese students and to furnish financial assistance in cases of need. Christianity. • Everything is Encouraging Dr. Hunter Corbett on China So wrote Dr. Eleanor Chesnut, a Dr. Corbett speaks out of his persurvivor of the little band of Ameri- sonal knowledge of more than forty can Presbyterians in South China years, probably not equaled by any martyred in October. She says: other man in this country and by few, not Chinese, in the world. "I "A ba'bel of sounds comes in am astonis'hed to find educated and through the open window-Wong generally intelligent people so ill in- Anyong teaching hospital patients in formed in regard to China and the the room below and pupils in the treatment she ha.:; received from forday school studying a:oud the Three eign governments. Unless Congress and Four Character Clas3ics. Copy- takes some action S'Oon in regard to ing the music of the Te Deum, I say our relations with China there may be very serious trouble in the inland cities and towns where foreigners, especially missionaries, live."

The treatment we have been ac- cording to merchants, scholars, ,.:;tu- dents, and other Chinese, not of the coolie class, is a disgrace to our civ- ilization, and China has been stung into a sense of resentment and re- taliation that may result in grave consequences. Better treatment is now being accorded these classes at our ports in accordance with the order of President Roosevelt, whose heart is right in t!his matter, but past mistreatment has gone so deep into the Chinese consciousness that it may take radical measures and a long time to remove the offense. A Log Idol Chinese Students in Japan Rev. L. Lloyd saw a curious ob- There are about 8,000 in the ject of wor"hip in a small temple schools of Japan, over 500 in the near Peking-a log of ~ood, such as military academy. Japanese prois sawed into planks for building. fessors teach in the university at He learned that t<his timber was Peking, and have charge of the milibeing hauled to Peking bv a number tary academy at Wuchang. They of mules, and when it reached this are drilling the Chinese army, teachspot a hitch took place and the log ing school in nearly every province, refused to move another inch. Some editing many newspapers,' preparing of China's "wise men" were called in, text.Jbooks and helping to open up and ·they declared the log possessed the country. The Celestial Empire by a spirit, and that it would be best seems ready for a great upheaval. t'O 'build a temple over the log and make it an object of worship. This The Chinese Outside of China was done, and .. ayfarers continue to offer incense at this strange shrine, Within China are four hundred and two or three priests live on the millions, but China is pressing her offerings. people into every corner of the earth, into Korea, Mongolia, Manchuria, Chinese Evangelists and the other continents. . There are about 100,000 in the Many Chinese Christians have gone United States; II,OOO in Canada, to the Transvaal to labor as evangel- despite the poll tax of fifty gold dolists and catechists among the 40,000 lars per head. In Trinidad, some Chinese coolies there. 2,000 or 3,000; in British Guiana, about 3,000; in Chili, 7,000; in Peru A Significant Gift 47,000; in Mexico, 3,000; in Cub~ and Pu~rto Rico, 90,000; in Hawaii, The Governor of Hu-Nan has re- 27,000; III Mauritius about 3 000 and cently given 2,000 taels, amounting not a few in India and Ceylon~ In in English money 10 about £250- Burmah the whole trade is in their £300 toward the China Inland Mis- hands, who are given as 40 000 sion Hospital in Changsha, the cap- tho so~e think there are as ~an; ital of Hu-Nan. The change of at- as that III Rangoon alone. In Cochin titude toward the foreigner that 9hi~a, the last census gives 73,857; such a gift signifies is most remark- l~ Slam, out of a population of from able. SIX to ten millions, about one and a quarter million Chinese have "almost The Accessibility of the Chine" monopolized tra-de." In the Straits Settlements and immediate neigh- To the Gospel, and their steadfa3t- borhood, about .1,000,000; in Borneo, ness in persecution, have been abun- some 20,000; III the Dutch East dantly proved in recent years. Fifty Indies, a quarter of a million' and thousand probably heard the Gos- a?out 100,000 more in the Philippel through the instrumentality of pIlles. In Japan, about 8000' in Australasi~, about 4?,000. 'In ;904 Rev. J. Hudson Taylor. In' the last 27,984 Chlllese coohes were trans- ported. to South Africa. In England, five years nearly 6,000 have been accordmg to the last enumeration, baptized in the C. 1. M. stations, and there were 767, "'Only ·three countiea there are now over 12,000 communi- being wholly without Chinese." cants in twelve provinces. The missionaries number 825; the stations This shows the immense impor- 200, with 521 out-stations; 1,152 tance of the Chinese race as a factor native helpers and 418 organized in the world's life. What is the churches. If ever a man lost his life future of this people to be? Shall to find it again in thousands of other livesit was Hudson Taylor.

GENERAL MISSIONARY

they bless the world or menace it? try, cheerfulness, resourcefulness: a The answer largely depends upon national feeling powerful, tho in the attitude assumed by the Chris- the past unorganized. Childish su- tian Church.-China's. Millions for perstitions, crude arts and a cramping February. educational system have dwarfed its Chinese Guests of Missionary Board life. But their spell is broken. Indus- trial changes are lifting the land to a The Chinese Imperial Commis- new level of material civilization. And sioners, Prince Tai and Viceroy the mind is unleashed. An intellectual Tuan, with the Chinese Minister at . revolution is on. Old educational Washington, and part of the Chinese standards are abolished; national uniretinue, were entertained at a great versities in each provincial capital are dinner at the Waldorf-Astoria, New York, February 2, by the Missionary supported by tributary colleges in Boards having offices in the city. prefectures and districts; a national Seven hundred and fifty leading cler- press gives expression and powerful stimulus to the new life. An expandgymen and laymen greeted the dis- ing horizon makes of China a new intinguished visitors. The speeches of tellectual world. REV. T. S. BARBOUR. Secretary Arthur J. Brown and Tide of Reform Setting IIr others were largely wasted on the Chinese, and ,then Viceroy Tuan A year or so ago the world heard read an address in Chinese, which that the Chinese civil service was to was read in English by his secretary, be reorganized on a modern basis. The and was highly appreciative of the world thought it a good joke. But commissioner's reception in Amer- now comes the word that the first menica. It said: "We take pleasure in tioned reform is actually in operation.

bearing testimony to the part taken The civil service examinations for this by American missionaries in pro- year deal, not with Chinese classics, moting the progress of the Chinese but with the most practical of live people. They have borne the light problems. Candidates will be asked, of Western civilization into every among other things, to state how the nook and corner of the empire. They resources of China can best be devel- have rendered inestimable service oped; to describe the educational sys- by the laborious task of translating tems of western countries; to specu- into the Chinese language religious late on the bearing of the Siberian and scientific works of the West. railway and the Panama canal upon They help us to bring happiness and Chinese interests; to explain the mean- comfort to the poor and tbe suffer- ing of free trade and protection, and ing by the establishment of hospitals to describe Herbert Spencer's views and schools. The awakening of on sociology.

China, which now seems to be at Growth of the Y. M. C. A. in Japan hand, may 'be traced in no small measure to the hand of the mission- It started about twenty years ago, ary. For this service you will find and is now divided into two parts- China not ungrateful." We may add nine city associations in some of the that loess than one hundred years ago largest cities and fifty-six Etudent as- Rabert Morrison landed in China; sociations in government and other now there are 3,000 missionaries and colleges and universities. The pasthousands of converts to Christianity. tors find it difficult to get the non- Christians to their services, so their Signl of the Times in China conversion depends very largely 0n A people counting one in four of the Christian students. The Student the world's population; an immense Young Men's Christian Association territory of unlimited resources; na- Union of Japan joined the World'5 tional characteristics of an extraor- Student Christian Federation some dinary type-sobriety, patience, indus- years ago, and the Rev. K. Ibuka, the

president 'Of a large Christian CDI- partly the result of proverbial polite- lege, is now vice-chairman of the ness, giving courteous audience to a movement. The next Federation foreigner; and partly the fruit of a Conference meets in Japan in 19'07- progressive, aggressive spirit, which the first international conference especially in educated people takes to ever held there. The Young Wo- Occidental e:ivilization; and partly the men's Christian AssDciatiDn i3 at movement. of governmental policy. present seeking to develop work From. motIves of State, neutrality is among women students in Tokio. exerCIsed. The Sabbath is observed The Famine in Japan in Japan only in govemment offices where are many foreigners. The edict In three great provinces in the against Christianity is not actuallyrenorthern part of the main island is pealed, and much real hostil,ity hides the worst famine in sixty years. behind the veil of indifference."

In brief, the causes are these: The people live chiefly upon rice, their Strange News from Penia chief article of fDDd and of sale ~ttco. News by way of St. Petersburg 1S procure clothing, to pay 'ta1l:es, to the effect that there has been a popular movement for a constitution Secondary industries are the raising which resulted in the sudden exodus from Teheran, the capital, of a thouof silk and vegetables. The three tD sand merchants and priests as a pro- test against the shah's government. five days when the rice kernel is The insurgents went to the village of Shah-Abd-ul-Azim, where a reprefilling are especially important. If sentative assembly elected by the mul- lahs, merchants and landowners was th~ stal~ is broke~, or badly J:>ent at organized, and over which the shah himself presided. The assembly will thIS partIcular perIDd, the gram on it be called the House of Justice, and will exercise administrative and legislative is practically ruined. Hence the ex- powers. The equality of all before the law will be proclaimed. Such treme importance of favorable weath- news seems too revolutionary to be true, and yet history moves swiftly er while the rice is turning. At and constJitutions are made rapidly in these days. The shah has hitherto this particular time last fall, Japan been an absolute ruler, master of the lives and property of all his subjects. was swept by grea:t storms. In the3e The whole revenue has been at his disposal, which enabled him to amass provinces the crop is only about 15 a large private fortune estimated at $50,000,000, most of it in diamonds. per cent. of the average and in some All laws have hitherto been based on the precepts of the Koran, and the portions there is nD crop. The silk power of the shah is absolute only so far as not opposed to it. The shah is yield last year was light. Another regarded as the vicegerent 'Of the important cause is one of the most terrible wars in history. The whole nation has been drained of its food products and its financial resources.

Thousands are on the verge of starvation in some forty counties.

Unless relief comes speedily the loss of life will be much greater than through the war. Nothing can be produced from the soil before next June. Systematic relief is attempt- ed by the Japanese government, for- eigners all over the country vigor- ously cooperating.

What to Expect Dr. William Fleming Stevenson, an prophet, and under him the govern- enthu.siast in mission.s, said: "W·e ment is carried on by a ministry, di- must not be oversanguine as to the vided int~ several departments, after reception given to the Gospel in the AmerIcan and European fashion.

heathen oommunities, as in Japan. It The grand vizier is the prime minis- is partly of an Athenian type, born of ter.

curiosity and love of novelty; and The famine in Persia is very wide-

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE 30

spread, due to the failure of crops. native pastors and find their own There are many cases of real distress. churches, and maintain schools for about 13,000 children. The Syrian Protestant College The Assiut Training College. Egypt It was opened forty years ago as a Christian college, to educate the Having outgrown its accommoda- Syrians and those -of the adjacent tions, is about to build on a better countries. Tho a missionary col- site, near the Nile Dam. An Amer- lege, it is not connected with any ican architect has gone to draft Board. In 1905 there were 750 stu- plans, and the work will go forward dents, 90 of them Armenians; as fast as funds warrant. The new 60 Greeks, 150 Egyptians; the ma- buildings embmce a Y. M. C. A. hall, jority are Syrians. There are about etc. This college has wielded a 100 Moslems, 40 Jews, 30 Druzes, mighty power in the vaney of the 300 Greek Catholics, 100 Roman Nile, as witnessed by prominent of- Catholics, and about 120 Protest- ficials. In fact, even the foes of ants. There are 50 teachers. The Christianity can not deny its whole- college owns 40 acres, 14 -buildings, some and uplifting power. including hospitals and a training school for nurses, and exerts a far- Missions in South Africa reaching influence upon Syria and the neighboring countries. The Durban correspondent of the Cape Times writes, IOth November: Burmah-Ko San Ye "A remarka:ble address was given (The Man of the Living Spring) is at Verulam by Vhe Hon. Marshall the name of a very prominent Karen Campbell, whose presence at a mis- convert who is wielding great power sionary meeting was in itself signifi- among the people. He was formerly cant. Two years ago, he said, he a great man among them, and his would have refused to attend. He popular name was one that indicated was one of a commission sent him as a "money" man, because of through South Afric:! to study the his marvelous power to raise money. native question, and had been im- He became a convert and now uses pressed that it was his duty to ac- all his influence for God. He can knowledge the good and noble work neither read nor write, yet is well done by missionaries. He made acquainted with Bible truth; and s'pecial personal inquiries of indi- when he is announced to hold a viduals, went through schools and meeting, the people come in thou- workshops, hospitals, the Kimber- sands, from no one knows where, ley mines, and at all was impressed thronging even the jungle districts; with the excellent effect on the and he has only to bid them give, natives. Asking an overseer at and they file by in procession, cast- Kimberley mines how he liked these ing their gifts into the basket. The 'Kolwas,' he replied: 'They are the work among the Karens from J ud- finest men we have-more intellison's day has been marvelous, about gent and useful all-around men than _8,500 'being ba'ptized last year. the others.' Mr. Campbell made sur- prise visits, and learned that these AFRICA educated boys were the 'best be- haved in the camp. He made a The 8asuto Field. South Africa point during the vi3it of the British Association of throwing into con- The work has been carried on for trast raw natives with educated about seventy years, and while the ones, and he has since repeatedly re- population numbers some 350,000, ceived letters stating that the writthere are to-day some 15,000 church ers were so impressed that their at- members. who support their own titude regarding missionary work

would be altered, and they would do platform where the native elders all they could to help it." stood, ready to receive them. Vith eagerness the crowd pressed for- French Mission Work in Algeria ward. Old women with wrinkled 'vVe are in the midst of the mos't faces brought their kank, or bundle encouraging time ever known in Al- of peanuts; young women, whose giers. Night after night a theater is apparel consisted of a plantain leaf in front tied by a bit of bush rope crowded, halding 2,000 people; they to a 'bustle behind, brought wooden drink in the Word with the most bowls, or safety pins, or spools of amazing readiness; French, Jews, thread; young men, fish hoob, or Mohammedans, English. The Lord sugar canes, or cash (German is melting hearts. Many have pro- marks), while men, 'Old and young, fessed conversion in smaller meet- brought matches, gun flints, baskets, ings held in the Protestant church. etc. Nearly all the gifts were wrap- A Jewish rabbi, formerly converted ped in plantain leaves, and it took and sprinkled, has asked to be im- a good-3ized wheel'barrow to carry mersed, and France and Algeria seem away the leaves after the bundles to be opened. were opened. More than five hun- dredseparate offerings were given R. SAILLENS, Paris, France.

Regenerating the Kongo Valley for foreign missions. A few kank In the middle of the last century constitute a fair day's wage for a Victor Hugo uttered that singular full-grawn African, and a great maprophecy that in the twentieth century jOrfty of these native Christians in " Africa would be the synosure of all Bululand are very poor. No Bulu eyes." At that time the continent was house has either a chair, table, or unexplored. Now, in the Kongo val- lamp. It means something for such lev alone-then an unknown district poor people t'O bring such an offer- '-::8 Protestant societies are work- ing for missions. ing with 40 stations and 300 out- REV. A. W. HALSEY, D.D.

stations. They have 180 mission- An African's Prayer aries, nearly 9,000 church-members.

and 2,000 in-classes preparing for That great FrenCh missionary, M.

church-membership. Perhaps the Coillard, once visiting the Ngonye grandest results are seen in the Falls, fell while scrambling over missionary spirit of the converted rocks, and rolled to the edge of the natives. There are nearly five times torrent. Being asked by a guide if as many native evangelists and teach- he had this time brou~ht an offering ers as there are missionaries. Nearly to the god of the Falls, the man was 22,000 pupils are in the mission distressed to hear that he had not schools, and 6,000 in the young peo- done so. As soon as they came in ple's societies. And yet there are sight of bhe Falls a second time, the those who think that missions do not guide threw himself down on a rock pay, altho it is as yet less than and in sincere and sorrowful tones thirty years since that Kongo valley prayed: "0 Nyambe, thou who inha'bitest was first opened to Christian effort. these abysses, appease thy wrath!

A Notable Thank-Offering at Elat. West l1hese white people are poor and . Africa have nothing to offer thee. If they had stuff -and beads, we would know o It was the great event of the it, and I would not hide it from thee. morning and was taken at rhe clo3e Nyambe, be not revengeful, do of the service. The people were not swallow them up; appease thy bidden to bring their -gifts to the wrath, Nyambe!" EUROPE Constantinople far from the district where doctors most congregate, ani A Change of Heart its work is already cut out for it. The enterprise is certain to render notable A Greek woman employed in the service to humanity from the start, American hospital in Turkey was if the modest support needed to put stirred by a revival. She straight- it into operation is forthcoming. way asked leave to visit a woman whom she 'had injured and to whom Christmas Gathering for Moslem Converts she had not spoken for ten years. When she trudged through the Twenty-eight men, women and snow three or four miles to ask her children were present altogether, "enemy's" forgiveness, her relatives and, whereas last year the women were sure she had gone daft. But were secluded by a curtain, they t'he next day, when she came back to were able this time to dispense with the hospital, she said: "We made that remnant of Moslem custom. peace, and the stone in my heart is One woman, quite recently afraid of gone." meeting with men (other than near relatives), overcame her fear and New Enterprise at Constantinople helped the lady missionary in dis- pensing the native tea to the men. One curious feature of social or- Besides reading from the Gospels ganization in Constantinople is the there was a lantern talk on Daniel. host of physicians inhabiting the up- At the close calico garments were per part of Pera, the European dis- distributed, and all left very happy trict of the city. Medicine appears and satisfied. During the day, the to be the only career open to educated neighbors, suspicious that someyoung men in that carefuIly restricted thing special was taking pl'ace, came country, and Pera is the only place for medicine, and under various prewhere a thoroughly ambitious or even texts tried to ascertain what was self-respecting physician can engage going on. The door was watched, in general practice. Consequently, and each visitor marked. Hymns other districts of the city are left to were sung quietly, and everything chance practitioners or to their inge- possible was done to try and prevent nuity in devising substitutes for the evil coming upon vhese disciples forbidden telephone, which will reach .from their Moslem enemies. the medical district of Pera in time for an emergency. Another singular Belgium Romanists Turning feature of the same situation is the lack of nurses, Many and many a Rev. A. Cadot,. an experienced patient in serious disease suffers and French pastor, has accepted the PoS!- . perhaps dies simply because a nurse tion of general evangelist for the wiIIing and able to carry out the doc- northern or Franoo-Belgium division t01-'s instructions can not be found. of the field. During the past year he has held numerous meetings among The Turk accepts this situation as a the churches, with many conversions. predestined affliction. It has remained At CharIeroy in Belgium the pastor for Americans to try to remedy the has baptized 10 new converts recentscarcity of nurses. The American Iy; at PeruweIz and Bernissart an Hospital and Training School for earnest spirit of prayer prevails. The Nurses in Constantinople has been effect of the revival of last spring incorporated under the laws of the abides and is evident paTticularIy in State of New York. William I ves the fervor of the young people. The Vashburn is president of the board of work at Lens is very encouraging; directors; Rev. Dr. George Wash- more than 100 have professed converburn, late president of Robert College, sion and 25 Roman Catholic families is vice-president. have come out and identified them- selves with the Protestants, This Hospital and School for Nurses wiII be located in a part of

A Great Revival in Norway with the teaching of the Church and Recent political changes in Nor- reviews of Biblical and Church hisway seem small beside the great re- tory from the papal standpoint. Protligious revival which rivals that in estantism is a "mask for the most Wales. Ten years ago, at a meet- monstrous multitude of special and ing of 1:he Salvation Army in Chi- individual error." Most important is the declaration that, tho civil marcago, Lunde, a young Norwegian sailor from Vanse, in the very south riage is "nothing but a formality preof the Scandinavian peninsula, was scribed by the law," and insufficient present. He was not specially im- for a Christian, yet "civil marriage pressed, but as he was leaving, a must be observed; for, altho no young woman laid a hand upon his sacrament, ,it serves to secure to the arm, and said: "God bless you. married couple and their children the Came again." The kind word led civil results of marital communitv. him to ask himself, "What is this Therefore the Church authority, as -a religion whic'h causes strangers to rule, will permit marriage only when be interested in a wandering sailor?" the steps prescribed by the civil law He returned to the meetings and have been taken"-a notable change in eventually confessed Christ. He did the attitude of the Roman Catholic not identify himself with the Army, Church.

'but went back to his seafaring life, Mr. Bergmann's Yiddish Translations and reappeared in the old home town five years later. He was grad- Marcus Bergmann's great work of ually led into evangelistic services, and Bible transJoatJion inaugurates an Dean Knudsen, now minister of ec- epoch. The Yiddish Old Testament, clesiastical affairs in Norway, proved prepared to meet the needs of the a warm friend. In Christiania he has Yiddish-speaking Jews of Eastern had 5,000 hearers at one time in the Europe, is now bound up with the largest hall, and the Lutheran bishop New Testament in the same vernacof the city has taken a deep interest in ular. Thus, for the first time in hishis work. Ministers of the state tory, are the whole oracles of God unchurch generally have welcomed his der one cover, and in a familiar lanrevival services, and invited personal guage can be put in the hands of the workers, who have seen something of Jewish people. Mr. Bergmann, so such meetings abroad, to come and aid far as funds permit, makes grants of in a work which, strange as it appears his translations for use in Russia.

to them, they feel to be of God. This Welsh Revival young sailor, Lunde, is as simple in Mainly on account of tJhe Welsh his ways and speech a3 Evan Roberts, revival, the statistics of the four and nothing outside of Wales com- great Welsh denominations show an pares with the work which is still in increase of 52,500 members.

progress in Norway. Prince Oscar ISLANDS OF THE SEA Bernadotte takes a deep personal in- Holy Rivalry in Giving terest in the revival.

The Pope's Compendium The heathen of the New Hebrides love plunder, and delight in fighting Pius X has issued a "Compendium with neighboring tribes. But the of Christian Doctrine," to teach "the Gospel works a transformation. In foundations of holy faith and the di- several villages on Panama Island vine truths according to which the there has been a happy rivalry to see life of eve1'y Christian ,is to be or- which church subscribed the most.

dered" anJ obligatory "for public and They proposed to build a church, and privHte instructnon in the diocese of a day was set apa:rt for contributions.

Rome and the Roman province." It The teachers of some of the villages is a volume of 413 pages. It deals made the excuse that the peop'le were

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE 31I

waItIng to see what their neighbors little chapel, and always because gave. And that was indeed the rea- son! On the first day the village of white men came into the region, some Luli contributed £1.5s. On the fol- lowing Sunday the village of Liron- with some appearance of right, per- issa gave £2.5s., stimulated by the other village to give more. On the haps, and others without the least Sabbath following the people of Tahi, . prevailed upon by their teacher, Peter right. All had the same words for Toro, reached £4.2S. Id. Every per- son in that village gave, even an in- Setine: "Go farther away, higher up fant a fortnight old, who, says the teacher, Taro, dropped a 3d. piece in the valley; this land is good grazing the plate. Such liberality puts us to shame! ground for our cattle."

The Task in New Caledonia This time the order was from Nou- The' Paris Missionary Society has a mea, the capital. The missionary mission in New Caledonia, where are two missionaries and a number of de- went to plead for the poor natives, voted native teachers who have gone over from the Loyalty Islands to help but, broken hearted, had been forced carry the Gospel among the wild tribes. It is a terrible field, long a to write: "You will have to obey. convict station of France, and the shameless promi~cuity of the convicts Tear down your chapel and your cot- and their moral decadence was the sale influence white man exercised on tage; set a good example to the tribe." some of the tribes. For fifty years it has been worked by Roman Catholic "I did as you said," said Setine, missionaries in the towns without any teaching of the open Gospel. Liquor "and it made my heart bleed to pulI traffic, mining camps, and the French military garrrson all have aided in down what I had built in hope only a brutalizing the people. Last of all the Gospel has been brought to the year before. When the last posts ha d island. If it were not that it is the power ·of God, all work of recovery been torn down, my wife, strong up to and renewal would have been hope- less. As it is, resistance and diffi- that moment, began to sob and cry. culty form the daily bread of the mis- sionary and of many of the native I tried to comfort her, but she cried preachers. As an excample, we quote from the Paris Journal of Missions. out: 'No, I do not wish to be com- It is the missLonary who writes: forted! It isn't right! It is all un- One evening during the conference I had just let down the piece of just! Do you calI this the work of sacking which serves as a door to my hut when I heard a voice a:sking: God? What good has it alI done "M,ister, can I come in?" us?' I did not answer. 'Ah,' she "Come in, Setine." And one of the native preachers, squatting on the said, 'you do not wish to answer ! You matting, told me that five times he has been forced to build himself a new do not care to understand me! Speak hut, and several times to rebuild his up and answer! We will get into a fight about this. Then they will drive us out of this country, and we can go back to our home at Mare Island. There will we be at home and quiet, and no one will come and make us tear down our cottage.' "

Setine tried to quiet her. "Do you not remember what Job s;}Jid in his trouble? Shall we receive good from the hand of God and s,haH we not re- ceive evil ?"

But she would not be comforted.

'Dhen he carried some of the timbers from the house up the valley to the p1ace where the new cottage was to be built. So that the POOl[ woman's anger should pass, he waited until after nightfall, in hopes that she would go to sleep. .

"But," continued Setine, "she did not sleep. N or was she crying; she sat still in one place, her eyes fixed and her lips only moving.

"Late in the night, toward morn- ing, she touched my arm and said:

'Are you asleep? I want to speak to soldier could follow, and for years deyou. Forgive me. I was crazy and fied the British power, raiding the I spoke like a mad woman.' lowlands, and creating loss and de- vastation. In 1738 they were brought "The next morning we worked to- to terms, and a treaty granted them gether to carry the wreck of our cot- freedom, a land reserve, liberty to tage to our new place. But when grow coffee, ginger, tobacco, etc., and she saw the deso1ateness of the place, sell these without license-on condiamong boulders and brambles, she tion that they should all live together began to cry again with the despair on the reserve ,and be liable for miliof yesterday. And now, I have come tary service. In 1796 a section of to ask you to pray for my wife. I them rebelled, and were banished. 'am stronger, but she is weak; she Around Halifax, Nova Scotia, are lacks faith and is discouraged. She many descendants of these insurgent wants to go home to Mare. But you Maroons, now peacefully rearing and know very well that I can not leave selling fruit and vegetables. The the work of God in that way." other section is still on its reserve. A proposal has been made that the I understood this anguish" and Se- Maroons merge themselves in the tine and I knelt there and prayed for general popUlation, giving up their her who is becoming discouraged. pflivileges; in return, 1CXlO acres to be Friends of missions, pray for those in added to their reserve, which would the thick of the fight. be subdivided among the descendants of the original settlers. Missions at Grenada New Guinea At a concert on behalf of the Coolie Dr. Lawes writes: "The hills and Mission, the colonial secretary (gov- valleys of the interior, the mountain ernment administmtor) in the chair, ranges and broad plains, are all as eulogized the work of the mission: open to the missionary as Port "Great credit is due to the Church of Moresby when the first missionary Scotland for establishing that mis- landed there in 1873; and there is no sion, It has aIways appeared singu- missionary for them! Thousands lar that no effort was made to extend ready for the Gospel, and no Gospel the advantages of religion to these for them. Only little strips of coastpoor people, away fl10m their homes line have light; all the rest the darkin a far-distant Iand and to teach ness of night. Much land to be posthem in tlheir own tongue the bene- sessed, but few to go up to possess it." fits of Chl1istianity, until the Church of Scotland came forward to do so." AMERICA He bore testimony to the success of the work in connection with the East The Jew in New York Indians, in which the Church of Scotland on tlhis island is engaged. Two hundred and fifty years ago He a]ways welcomed any effort to en- Holland was the only powerful state courage that work. The testimony in Europe which tolerated the Jews. of a high official of government New Amsterdam in America was should prevail against criticism from their open door, and the two hundred irresponsible and often irrdigious and fiftieth anniversary of the s,ettlemen and women. This mission is ment of the first Jews on Manhattan maintained at very little cost-last Island was lately celebrated by the year a:t £200. Jewish colony, which now counts its population on Manhattan Island by Developments at Jamaica the hundred thousand and its wealth by the hundred million. Shearith At Acoompong, in Jamaica, the Israel, the oldest congregation, built population consists of the descend- its first synagog in the United States ants of the Spanish freed slaves. Those "Maroons" betook themselves :to the "Cockpit" country, where no

GENERAL MISSIONARY

in 1730, and an imposing celebration krishna, whom the Vedantists call was held December 2 in its stately "Master" and who inspired them temple in West Seventieth Street. with the propagandist impUlse.

One hundred years ago there were Swami Triflunatita, the prie5t, less than five hundred Jews in town. was educated III Calcutta, and was They began to come f'fom Germany selected for this mission, the first in in increasing numbers about 1825, the Western world. He has 50 fal- and in 1881 Russia, Rumania, and lowers, and boasts many more "ad- Galicia began to empty their ghettos mirers" and "inquirers," both Ro- into New York tenements. Three- manist and Protestant. He is a fifths of the students in the City Col- taking man, like most of the Hindu lege (for boys) and the Normal Col- speakers, and presents his cause in lege (for girls) are Russo-Jewish im- a very plau.3ible way, talking of the migrants 'Or their children, while the Vedas as the oldest existing litera- percentage in penal institutions is ture, and claiming that the best scarcely wor~h mentioning. The teachings of Christ are borrowed twelve great J erwish charities of the from the Gita, written 2,000 years city dispense about $1,150,000 annu- before his birth. He even insists ally. Their children avemge 2.9 per ,~at during the unrecorded blank in family, against 2.54 for Roman his life Christ "Was in India, getting Catholics and 1.85 for Protestants in his education for his life work! Truly New York. The ma-rriage rate is ex- the end of Eastern impudence and ceptionally high and the death rate arrogance is not yet reached.

Jow. 100.000 poor Jews marching in A Notable Convert solemn procession through the East Side in memory of tlheir massacred A remarkable conversion has 'Occountrymen in Russia, and the mil- curred in Schenectady, N. Y. The lion-dollar relief fund collected for preacher was th·e Rev. W. J. Dawson, the relief 'Of the sufferers abroad, fur- the English evangelist who himself, nish impressive evidence of the num- while pastor of a fashionable Congrebers and wealth which freedom and ~tional church in London, experi- ~hrift have given to the Jew in Amer- enced change in his whole life and Ica. ministry, which led him to give up his North American Indians church for the work 'Of evangelism.

"The Indians are becoming thrifty The convert is Prof. Edward Everlandholders, reliable Christian citi- ett Hale, Jr., son of the distinguished Unitarian who is now chaplain 'Of the zens, devoted and sincere followers of Senate. Praf. Hale is professar of the Lard Jesus Christ . . , They rhetaric in Union College, and the are progressive, thriving, self-respect- story 'Of his conversion as told by himing men and women who can point self is certainly 'One of the most reto the Ohurch and school as the pow- marNable on record and will become er thraugh the blessing of God which a classic document in the literature of has transformed a savage into a use- conversion. That such a highly inful citizen." tellectual man, so deeply rooted in The Firat Hindu Fane in America Unitarianism, should experience suc'h Was dedicated, in December last, in a change of heart toward Jesus San Francisco, by Swami Triguna- Christ as publicly to take up His cross tita, for the propagation of Hindu- and follow Him, is a canvincing ism. It is called the Vedanta Mis- proof and exhibition of 1!he power of sion, will accommodate about one His Gospel and the presence and hundred and fifty, and bears the in- mighty working of His Spirit. Prof.

.3cription over its entrance, "May the Hale simply pmyed, and then obeyed Absolute Bless All." Back of the his conviction of duty, until he found rostrum is an oil portrait of Rama- his way into the full light. He has

connected himself with the Presby- the "Woman's Union Missionary So- terian Church. "Thus a Unitarian ciety." The next interest was in was converted in a Methodist church Hany-ang, China, for 'a bed in a hos- by a Congregationalist into a Presby- pital, and also for work among the terian." Jews in Brownsville and Williams- Growth of Mission Study burg. Two Bible women were next Within the past nine months fully assumed in South Afric.a, then work 125,000 mission study text-books have among the mountain whites in Tenbeen sold and used bv students in nessee. A leper man and boy in some 400 colleges and universities China and Mandalay were the next dnd by classes made up of women interests, then work among our North dnd young people of every Christian Amerioan Indians. The Japanese denomina tion. soldiers oame in for a share of gifts, and last a mission in Portugal. The MISCELLANEOUS collection is taken only once a month, Woman's Union Missionary Society, New and only nine months of the year are York represented for individual Christian The forty-fifth anniversary of the service in giving. The figures may Woman's Union Missionary Society be thus given of work ever on the inwas held in Februarj, six of its mis- crease and never discontinued: sionaries being present on furlough. First year's col1ection….. $97.88 Miss May, Miss Todd, and Miss Second year's collection… IIo.65 Mudge gave graphic descriptions of Third year's collection…. I I I. 78 their work in the zenanas ,and orphan- Fourth year's collection… 171.52 ages of India, where native workers Fifth year's collection… . . 20I. IS are being trained for service to their Sixth year's collection….. 288.74 own countrywomen. Two others pre- Seventh year's collection.. 307.24 sented the school and evangelistic Eighth year's colIection. . . 346 . 75 work in China, the latter largely the result of varied service in the Mar- Total. …..•…… $1,635.71 garet Wimamson Hosprtal in Shang- Appeal of the American Bible Society hai, the first for women in that sec- tion of the empire, organized by Dr. $IO,ooo is needed to issue the Ara- Elizabeth Reifsnyder in 1884. She, bic Scniptures. The close connec- with her colleagues and staff, treated tion between the Bible Society and more than 48,000 patients in a year, Foreign Missions is shown by this ap- and 100 neighboring villages 'are peal. The Bible Society is suffering open to evangelists. Dr. Reifsnyder's the shrinkage of support, and matters birtJhday was celebrated at the anni- have reached a crisis.

versary, and she is returning to China, Dr. H. H. Jessup, the veteran mis- accompanied by 'a sister as a volun- sionary, writes from Beirut that al- tary assistant. Miss Strain spoke on ready 47,000,000 pages of Scriptures her work in Japan, the mission being have been printed and the demand is founded by her grandmother, Mrs. increasing. A new press and engine Samuel Pruyn. have been added, but the Bible So- Miss Edith H. May, at the close of ciety is so compelled to cut down ap- the meeting, gave remarlmble facts propriations as to haIt 1ihe whole en- in connection with the "Life Line terprise. He asks: "Has 1Jhe Church Mission," in BrookJlyn, composed of at home lost interest in the Arabic dock J.aborers, sailors, 'and many hard- Bible just when the demand is great- working men and women. On March est and the ma'chinery is ready to 28, 1897, its first missionary meeting print, bind and ship it?" The Mos- was held for the 'regions beyond.' lem people are receiving the Arabic The first money was sent to Allaha- Bible gladly, and now comes the halt.

bad, Indi'a, for a Bible woman, under The work of issuing the ScrJptures is

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE 31

the common work of all bmnches of ·"Dr. Barnardo added that he him- the Christian Church, Presbyterians, self had in days gune by bought chil- Congregationalists, Episcopalians, Re- dren in order to rescue them. Such a formed, Baptists, Methodists, and all step has not been needful of late years, who believe and love the Bible. owing to changes jn the law, which Home Work. Y. M. C. A. enabled him to get possession of such children by better methods. The finest army Y. M. C. A. building in the world is to be erected at "Sometimes Dr. Barn'aroo received Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, the offers of large sums of money from largest military post in the United persons who were desirous of his re- States. It is a gift of an unnamed ceiving their children into his homes woman, and it will cost $45,000. without lasking any questions.

"'A lady on one occasion came to .. Down in Water Street" Stepney in her carriage. A child was in it. I graruted her an inter- The thirty-third anniversary of view, and she 1aid down five £100 the Jerry McAuley Mission, 316 notes, saying 'they were mine .jf I Water Street, N. Y., was observed in would take the child and ask no January. With thankfulness we note questions. I dtd not take the child. that no previous year has been so suc- Again, a well-known peer of the cessful and fruitful. The report is realm once sent his footman here a thrilling account of a work which, with £100, asking me to take the footfor apostolic simplicity, true evangel- man's son. No. The footman icity, and self-sacrificing love for could support his child. Gold and souls, is nowhere surpassed. In that silver 'Will never open my doors unmission the old Bible is held in rever- less there is real destitution.' ence, and there is no uncertain sound in the Gospel there preached. It is a "'It is for the homeless,' 5aid the place where fishers of souls catch doctor, 'the actually destitute, that we men and the outcasts find Christ. It open our doors day and night, withought to be called "Bethesda," for the out money 'and without price.' "

healing 'waters are there, and the A Tribute to Woman's Work worst go there 'and find the great Dr. Charles L. Thompson, in speak- Physician.

Hiring Babies ing of the Woman's Board of Home Dr. Barnardo, who died in London Missions (Pres.) says, summing up on September 20, had many curious the permanent results of twenty-five experiences. years of educational work of the Woman's Board, "it has prepared the "To same one who once asked if he way for the organization of I IO could 'hire infants' or 'borrow in- churches; out of this work have fants,' he rep!.ied, 'Yes; and buy them, grown the Pre9byteries of Utah, and too.' French Board, N. C, ,and Alaska, and the majority of the churches compos- " 'I know of several lodging-houses where I could hire a baby from fourpence to a shilling a day. The pret- ing the Synod of New Mexico. In tier the child is, the better; should it Alaska 15 mission stations have been happen to be 'a cripple, or possessing established, supplied with the preach~ particularly thin mms and frace, it is ing of the Gospel, and all of that work always worth a shilling. Little girls is now 'supported by the Woman's always demand a higher price than Board. Over 200 chapels and school- boys. I knew of one woman-her houses have been built, the total esti- supposed husband sells chickweed mated value of which is $919,535."

and groundsel-who has oarried a The WIOmen of the Foreign Mis- baby eJCactly the same size for the Iast sionary Society of the Methodist nine or ten years!' Episcopal Church have passed the

half-million mark in their gifts to termost part of the earth." His last mIssIons. words may well be our first thought.

Freedmen Biddie Univenity REV. ARCH. G. BROWN.

Mr. Andrew Carnegie has given Two Signs of Growth $12,500 to Biddle University, Char- lotte, N. C, under the (Presb.) Freed- The American Board since 1810 men's Board, for a library. The w.ork has sent out a total of 20470 missionof building will be begun shortly. The aries, an average of 25 a year; of institution is doing splendid work for whom 967 were men (740 ordained), the negro. and 1,503 women (942 wives and 561 unmarried). The number of native Destitution in Cities workers has increased during the last decade from about 1,000 to 4, lOO. There is not one English-speaking Congregational Church on the East A Noble Musionary Record Side of New York City below 141st street, except the Camp Memorial, The Society of Friends in Great whose, character is missionary, and Britain is among the least of all the whose resources 'are very ,imrted. ecclesiastical bodies for numbers, hav- Here is a problem of need which New ing an adult membership of only York Congre~ationalislts ought to about 18,000, but is represented in the solve at once. foreign field by no less than 131 men and women. Of these, 36 are work- The Missionary Cause ing in India (Central Provinces), 24 in Madagascar, 13 in Syria, 24 in Chi- To commend obedience to a com- na (Sz-chuan Province), and 13 in mand borders upon an insult to the Ceylon. Besides these there are 10 Commander-in-Chief. It is not with- in Pemba, and I I in Constantinople, in the province of the churches to de- Bombay, and elsewhere, under other termine whether they will "take up" organizations. With these are assomissionary ell'terpr:ise or leave it ciated 787 native workers; members, alone. By their attitude toward this 20496; adherents, 15,408, and memgreat struggle for Christ's Kingdom bers of Sunday-schools, 7,145. They they judge themselves. There is no have a total of 13,094 in their various truer or more searohing test of the schools, and have had 1,056 from rea1ity of professed spiritual life than these schools unite with the church. the missionary one. It determines They have 9 hospitals and dispensawhether the aJwfulness of s.in is a doc- ries, and treated lO,629 patients last trine received into the heart or quietly year. Their largest missionary workignored. It accurately measures the ing force is in India, but by hI' the constraining power of the love of largest membership is in Madagascar. Christ within the soul. It manifests the place whioh Ithe cross of Christ Literature for Musionafte. has in the life. It tells eX<activ how far the Church is in living unioi1 with Since its inception in 1894, the Misits Lord, and not a mere religious sionary Literature Association has club. The absence of missionary zeal made encouraging progress year by means the want of one of fhe Spirit's year. A few facts concerning its degreatest credentials. A Gospel of the velopment and present undertakings grace of God-a Gospel of an atoning will be of interest to all who are desacrifice–a Gospel of eternal glory sirous of seeing this larger service for all who believe in the Son of God rendered to those who are in many -a Gospel which has saved us, must cases cut off from the association and be a Gospel to be proclaimed to every fellowship of Christians. creature. The last words our Savior uttered on earth were: "The ut- There are 439 missionaries on the register, who are regularly in receipt of religious periodicals. Much of this literature is supplied through 100

MISSIONARY

branches formed in connection with Church House, London, dUfling Lent. C. E. Societies. During eight years, Subjects: Thursday, March I, "The 400,375 periodicals have been dis- Faith of Christ and the Other Religpatched at the estimated value of 12,- ions of the W orId," the Bishop of 759, and, in addition, thousands of Derry. March 8, "Missionary Methtracts, sermons, etc., have been sent. ods," the Bishop of St. Albans. March Fourteen libraries have been establish- IS, "Objections and Criticisms," the ed at various mission stations, and Bishop of Birmingham. March 22, Rev. W. R. Kirby recently received '"Missionary Progress up to 1700 a complete set of Rev. F. B. Meyer's A.D.," the Bishop of Bristol. March books from a lady who is deeply inter- 29, "Missionary Progress in the Eighested in this needful work; the Asso- teenth and Nineteenth Centuries," ciation has also sent Mr. Kirby Bishop Ingham. April 5, "The Presanother 50 volumes as the basis of a ent and Future Outlook," Bishop library at Bopolo, Kongo Free State. Montgomery.

The Association proposes to estab- A New and Good Idea lish another 50 free libraries, at a total cost of iI,OOO, and a special appeal is The minister of Rattray holds once made for means to meet this and other a year "a servi>Ce of intercession for needs. Pathetic appeals come in friends abroad." He enumerates the weekly from missionaries in all lands. places whither friends, relatives, and The latest is from Rev. R. Spurgeon, former members of the congregation Bengal, India, who says: "I should had gone (and the list ranges from like some stimulating reading. I China to Peru), then in prayer comcould take it out with me in tent or mends them to the grace, guidance, native hut, and get something to re- and protection of God. An address lieve the tension of a heathen atmos- follows, and the collection taken durphere. As far as I know, this is the ing the service is devoted to the funds most isolated of our missions in In- of the Colonial Mission. dia."-Landan Christian. Money and Missions They Argue Only With Themselve, There is a continual and urgent ap- "I must needs say," wrote Ziegen- peal for funds to carryon the Lord's balg, "that notwithstanding this peo- work, and it is appalling to think of ple be led away by a world of errors the enormous sums wasted on trifles. and delusions, they nevertheless give at times so pertinent answers in mat- A contemporary records that two ters of religion as perhaps I should ladies, whose names are given, have never have thought on. Some of arranged ,to spend from i30,000 to our learned in Europe have writ en- i40,000 each upon "a London season tire books upon methods and ways of notable splendor and lavish exof converting the heathen; but pendhure." An estimate of the items they all this while argue with them- is given, and in one of these two oases selves only. Should they come to a "actual en~erta:ining" is set down as closer converse with the pagans, costing from i8,000 to· i1O,ooo. they would not find them so desti- Amidst such a vision of sinful luxury tute of arguments as we imagine. one is haunted by the pallid face of They are able to baffie, now and "Lazarus at the gate," and thinks of then, one proof alleged for Chris- the ultimate and solemn audit of this tianity by ten brought in against it." abuse of wealth in a city which has its huge army of the famishing. Missionary Lectures Church Union or Confederation The committee of the United Boards of Missions have arranged for Incorporate union of Churches has a course of lectures concerning for- been accomplished in recent times in eign missions, to be delivered at the Canada, the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and Scotland, and

probably OIthers will soon be wit- The World's Population nessed. Meantime the idea of the The London Tablet publishes a Confederation, with a view to certain statistical table, according to which objects of common action, is regarded the total number of nominal Chris- with growing favor. tians in the world is about 550,000,- Important Articles in Current Miasionary 000; of Confucians and ancestor wor- Maguines shipers, 253,000,000; of Brahmins, 210,000,000; of Mosletns, 202,000,- There are many tokens that the 000; Buddhists, 120,000,000; of fetish next development in mission methods and spirit worshipers, 145,000,000 ; is to take the form of an extension of ofTaoists, 32,000,000; Shintoists, 17,- Industrial missions. The Baptist Mis- 000,000; Jews, 11,000,000; old Indian sionary Magazine for March is largely religions, 12,000,000; and other religdevoted to this subject. The articles ions, 3,000,000. This makes a total are short, but useful to anyone desir- of about 1,550,000,000 population, ous of understanding the need and the nearly half of whom are monotheists. beginnings of its supply. In the Assembly Herald for March OBITUARY "A decade in the Kamerun Interior," The death of J. A. Elliott in India by Melvin Fraser, gives a striking is deeply lamented. He was univer- picture of progress in this German sally loved, and a peculiarly guileless colony in West Africa. man. Among Indian missionaries "A Pagan Festival among the Ba- he stood unique, and it was pro- sutos" in the Paris Journal of Mis- verbi'al that there 'was "but one Elli- sions, is a realistic description by Rev. ott." He knew the people of Oudh H. Dieterlen of the initiation festival and Rohikund as no other did, and by which Basuto boys are transformed planned and built every building in into men-and confirmed in Pagan- the Fairzabad station. For twenty- ism. The article is worth translating. three years he worked among the In the Church Missionary Intelli- same people till he was better known gencer for February, Rev. W. A. and more infllJential than the gover- Rice racily sets forth "The difficulty nor of the province. His last legacy of dealing with Orientals." The arti- – to the people was his Itihad-ul-ana- cle is illuminated by some curious epi- jil (Harmony of the Gospels). He sodes of missionary work al1}ong Mo- was a soldier's son, and carried into hammedans in India. "A Mission his holy work a soldier's spirit-abso- High School in Kashmir," by Mr. lute loyalty to his great Captain.

Tyndale Briscoe, brightly shows the In December, Babu Bipin Bihari scope of the influence of an educa- Dutt, superintendent of the station at tional missionary who understands his Mohanad, Bengal, died much la- pupils and his duty. mented. He was baptized in 1883, India's Women, the organ of the having, while yet a student in Church of.England Zenana Missionary one of the Hindu colleges, become Society, has in its February number a attracted to Christianity. He com- startling view of the position assigned pleted his studies at Duff College in to Hindu women by the catechism 1885. In 1890 he was made head taught in modern Hindu schools for master of the high school, and four girls. "The Duties of a Hindu wife" years after superintendent of all the is the title of the article, written by work at the staltion. He had much Eleanor M. Sampson. knowledge also of medicine, and A well illustrated and interesting opened a small dispensary, and was article, packed with information on very successful with patients. He was "The Dyaks in Borneo," is the main so busy preaching, teaching, and dis- feature of the Mission Field (S.P.G.) pensing that he had scarce leisure at for February. times so much as to eat. BOOK REVIEWS THE PASSION FOR SOULS. Rev. J. H. Jow- ett, M.A. Fleming H. Revell Co., New ALL ABOUT JAPAN. By Miss Belle M. Brain. York. I2mo, I25 pp. Illustrated. Izmo. 75 cents, net. Flem- ing H. Revell Company. I905. Here are seven brief chapters from The history of the Sunrise King- one of the most gifted pens of our dom is here given in a concise and day, on a vita! theme, and by one of entertaining form, well adapted for the choicest spirits of the Church use in Junior Endeavor Societies of Christ. Mr. Jowett writes of the and children's missionary meetings. "Disciple's Theme," his "Sacrifice,"

The author first treats of the his "Tenderness," his "Watching for country and people in general. Souls," his "Companion," his "Rest,"

Then follow' chapters on: "Little his "Vision." All these paragraphs Talks in Sunrise Land," "Old are pervaded by the author's person- Japan, with Its Mythological ality, written in sympathetic ink, which Shadows," "Japan's Emergence," is of the color of blood, and has the "The Stones of Palo and Pinto," glisten of tears. Out of it could be and" New Japan, with Her Seven- selected a small volume of spiritual league Boots Coming to the Front a,pothegms, such as these: as a World Power," "Earlier Mis- "As soon as we cease to bleed, we sions Under Xavier, with the Suc- cease to bless." We live by admiration, cesses of the Roman Catholics and hope and love." "What does the an- Late Persecutions," and "Prot- gier say to men? Keep out of sight!

estant Missions," in which Drs. Cultivate a mood of cheeriness and Verbeck and Hepburn are given praise. Study the fish. Learn from' the prominence which rightly be- other fishermen. To take a trout early longs to them. The story of Nee- gives one heart." "We must get the sima is also told in a most attract- doubt-wrinkles out of our prayers." "In the golden age, emphasis is to be ive way. The closing chapters deal with given to the spiritual."

Japan's two recent wars (that with THE OPEN CHURCH FOR THE UNCHURCHED, China and that 'with Russia), in which Christian work among the or How to Reach the Masses. By Rev.

J H. McCulloch. Introduction by Bishop Hendrix, who says: soldiers is emphasized; and, finally, the successes of the Gospel dur- "This interesting book is like the ing the last decade. letters of a war correspondent. It is There are a few inaccuracies in a picture of the firing line. Great the volume. Half a dozen mis~ commanders are seen illustrating what spelled Japanese words in the chap- is called the secret of war: 'Know ter, " A Little Lesson in Japanese," your geography and fight your men.'

would seem to indicate that the We can here both see the plan of bat- proof-reader was not familiar with tle and hear the words of command."

the Japanese language. Other Whether the reader accepts all the po- statements, such as those in regard sitions of the writer or not matters to bells tied about the children's little. This is a book of hints, both waists, their hardly ever crying or theoretical and practical, on one of being naughty, etc., are not quite the most absorbing topics of the day.

true to life. It is a discussion of that great prob- It is quite remarkable that one lem which with three others consti- who has never visited Japan should tute the perplexing question5 of the have been able to produce a book age. He who can tell us how to get giving so good an all-round and the people to church, how to suppress substantially accurate view of the drink, how to grapple with lust, and country and its people, as well as how to reconcile capital and labor, will of missionary work. prove himself a prince among states-. men. Here the reader will see how CHINA AND HER PEOPLE. In two vols. Duod. others are trying to meet and solve By Hon. Charles Denby, LL.D. Thirthe first of these problems. A reading will well repay any Christian pas- teen years U. S. Minister to China. tor or worker. Boston. L. C. Page & Co. 1906.

IN THE LAND OF THE NORTH. The Evangel- No one who has followed Dr. Den- ization of the Jews in Russia. By Sam- by's career in the Orient, and read his uel Wilkinson. London. Marshall Bros. Keswick House. ,3S. 6d. 1906. pen productions, will need be urged to Whatever Mr. Wilkinson writes it get and read these books. He was colis safe for any man or woman to buy onel of a regiment in the Civil War, and read and circulate. He always writes with a purpose, and hits his and, without any diplomatic training, target in the bull's eye. Just now there so discharged his duties, as Minister is a peculiar timeliness in any book to the Chinese Empire, that through that intelligently treats of the Russian Jews, whose awful and appalling per- three presidential terms and part of secution and massacre have compelled a fourth, and without regard to change the attention of the world. Half the total Jewish population of the globe of administration at home, or the bitstill may be found in the Northern terness of partisan politics, he was Empire. Mr. Wilkinson knows of what he writes, and gives much valua- kept at his post. This unique fact is ble information about this oppressed people, "the miracle of history and enough to prove how generally his the history of miracle." He discusses capacity and fidelity was recognized. their place in ancient prophecy and modem history; their temporal and Such a man is likely to know that spiritual state, and what is done and which he writes of; and his thirteen should be done for their uplifting and years in the Celestial Empire have saving. yielded fruit, in part, in these two vol- IN SALISBURY SQUARE. By Irene H. Barnes. London. Church Missionary Society. umes of about 500 pages in the aggre- 1906. gate. We have not found yet a dull page. There are 36 chapters, and as This is an outline history of the many fine illustrations. Here are disbuilding in which the work of this cussed matters concerning the imperforemost Missionary Society is execu- ial city and family; civil and social tively carried on. It is the engine and customs, arts, language, law, civil serboiler-room of the great missionary vice; the position of women, matters ship. Every part of this building is political, domestic, commercial, diplosacred. It is the- home of prayer and matic; questions of trade and foreign praise, the place of conference among policy, etc. The Boxer uprising and the executive officers and friends of the thrilling history connected therethe work, and of farewell meetings with is well treated; but most of all with outgoing missionaries. These 240 we have an intelligent Christian statespages treat of the building, its por- man's mature convictions as to the trait gallery, library, museum, treas- value and success of Christian misury, home and foreign offices, pub- sions. We have had many occasions lishing department, etc., and is adorn- to quote Col. Denby's words before ed with eighteen illuminating illustra- in these pages; and this work from his tions. pen is a priceless tribute to the power of missions in the great Eastern Em- pire. Many valuable hints are inci- dentally dropped as to the way in which larger results may be secured. Col. Denby has the vision of the seer.

The Missionary Review of the World — February 1902

CHILDREN IN

"Suffer little children. and forbid them not, to come unto Me, for of such is the Kingdom of Heaven" Missionary Review of the World Old Series } FEBRUARY j New Series VOL. XXV. No. 2 ~ VOL. XV No. 2 MISSIONARY LITERATURE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY Character and Uses of Recent Books on Foreign Missions BY REV. H. P. BEACH, MONTCLAIR, N. J. Educational Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement Our literary inheritance from the missionary century which has just closed is nOG the least of the blessings of that remarkable period. To say that it far surpasses in value the output of previous centuries is to acknowledge that our writers have drawn from wider fields and a i-icher experience, and hence could not fail to produce a higher grade of missionary literature. As we begin a new cycle of years, it may be well to stop for a moment and note the character and value of this inheritance.

I. Literature of the Early Part of the Century So rich is the product of recent missionary writers that we are apt to forget the work of earlier decades.

1. The character of these older writings is sufficiently obvious to be 'readily noted. They appeared at a time when men were not cosmopolitan, and when little was popularly known. of lands beyond the seas. Consequently, writers could assume ignorance of the few mission fields occupied, and hence could write in minute detail of the people, their interesting environment, and strange sights and sounds, and, above all, could move the reader by the unexpected story of moral degradation and religious need. Not only were Christians eager to learn every detail about the heathel)., but so new was the missionary enterprise that there was universal desire to hear the story- of the adventures and daily life of the workers. Western powers had little influence in the mission fields of a century ago, and so life was far more unsafe, and frequent changes of scene were common, all of which lent It strong interest to the story of men who were experiencing some of the trials of the first apostles. Then, too, the Church placed a more decided emphasis upon the eschatological motive in missions than is the case to-day. Missionaries almost without exception were persons of the deepest piety, and were swayed by the strong desire to save the heathen from eternal woe. These views and the opposition'

'and dangers of the time made existence very strenuous, with an inclination to introspection and morbidness. Life could not be trivial, and such delightful passages as one finds in the writings of Arthur H. Smith, of China, James S. Gale, of Korea, and Mrs. John G. Paton, of the New Hebrides, are hardly thinkable during that period.

2. While this is the general character of missionary volumes of the first part of the nineteenth century, they nevertheless constitute a valuable contribution to missionary literature. No one can be acquainted with the subject, until he has at least tasted the productions of that time. Nowhere is history more entertaining than in that period, and no periodical of to-day is of such absorbing interest as the issues of the London and Church Missionary Societies and of the American Board during the first third of the last century. Such works as Holmes's historical sketches of Moravian beginnings, and the general missionary histories of Smith and Choules and of W. Brown are not surpassed in the quality of interest by the recent writings of Edwin Hodder and Dr. Warneck. In the realm of biography Henry Martyn will never be out of date, and other less-known lives are worth reading by any who lack moral fiber and a divine pertinacity. Beyond some inspiring memoirs, abundant material for history, and the missionary's wondering view of the strange new world therein enshrined, there is little of permanent worth in this portion of our inheritance.

11. The Criterion of Authorship No estimate of values in the case of missionary literature of the past three decades-which is about as far back as it is profitable to go nowadays-can overlook the important item of authorship. So much can be had and time is so precious that only the- best should be read, hence authorship is an essential consideration in deciding upon what to read. There are numerous exceptions to the general rules about to be st:1ted, yet they are true in the main_ 1. Volumes writteu by the ordinary traveler are quite as commonly read to-day as any missionary books, and yet they are very liable to create wrong impressions concerning missions. 'fhe charm of these works lies in the fact that the novelty excited by missionary countries has not worn off, as in the case of persons long resident in non-Christian lands. Everything is described -from the viewpoint of the reader, and not being professionally interested, such writers feel free to criticise the enterprise. The mischief wrought by these volumes comes from the fact that their information is usually derived from steamer captains and residents in the ports, where contact between civilization and heathenism has produced a modern Sodom. Even if inclined to speak truly of the missionary situation, it is impossible for such persons to state the facts fully; while hostility to missions finds abundant pretexts for attacking missionaries and their work in their

MISSION'ARY LITERATURE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

three months' trip to the great ports of the world. Even so careful a writer as Lord Ourzon was sadly misled in many of his missionary judgments concerning the work in the Far East. In general, then, one should have good reason for reading this class of literature in preference to more trustworthy volumes.

2. While the missionaries themselves labor under the disad vantage of having become inured to strangeness and awful sin, and tho their constant use of a new language often vitiates their mother tongue, writings by such persons are our best substitute for first-hand informa- tion and personal visitation of the fields. Some of them, it is true, have become so accustomed to discursive and perpetual conversation that their books are tiresome and wide of the point; while still others have given such an intense life to a limited group of people in an exceedingly hard field, that they project their narrow experience upon the reader as if it were the only missionary horizon. Yet there are many others who are broad-minded and have sufficient imagination to realize what people desire to know and suit their perspective to this need. 'l'he largest proportion of our missionary reading may wisely be drawn from writings of this class.

3. In some respects the most valuable contributions to missionary literature are made by home students of missions and mission lands. By this is not meant a contingent of hack writers, who do not take pains to acquaint themselves with their themes, but who depend instead upon some good half-tone illustrations, striking incidents which they do not take time to verify, and a literary style that attracts the reader. The genuine student of missions does not write without , having investigated as carefully as possible his ground, depending upon the consensus of authorities rather than upon the personal equa- tion of a single author. It may take years to produce a given work, as in the case of Dr. Dennis's invaluable volumes, but when it appears it is authoritative. One class among such writers supplement their reading and home research with travel, either as independent observers, like Dr. Lawrence, or as representatives of missionary societies with all the special opportunities of gaining inside information resulting from that relation. Had secretaries the requisite time for such work, their travels and the prolonged correspondence with many mission- aries under their charge ought to furnish the very best material, especially as most of them are also constantly called upon to purvey information to the public, and so know what people' desire to learn.

Ill. Value and U~e of Different Varieties of Literature As there is a prevalent carelessness about the authorship of what one proposes to read, so there is a practical ignoring of some varieties of missionary literature, and no clear conception as to what each class is best calculated to accomplish.

1. The most unassuming form is the leaflet, and yet it is often very valuable. So short that a person can read one in a moment, if rightly directed it may quickly reach its mark. The Germans make illus- trated leaflets an attraction to children, and the English and a few American societies are also coming to realize their power in that direction. Oollege students and some churches use them at the close of a missionary service to clinch the work that has been done from the platform. Let their exact character and fitness for a specific use be known, and no other form of literature is more effective; but their indiscriminate and purposeless employment brings reproach upon all literature of their class. In its most respectable form the leaflet enlarges into a booklet, and here a more important purpose is sub- served, viz., that of creating through it a taste for missionary reading. Many a busy man or woman who would refuse to peruse a missionary book can be induced to read an attractively printed, interestingly written booklet. The Ohurch Missionary Society has made a most fruitful study of this grade of literature and furnishes some of the best samples of the class.

2. What is usually regarded as the only true missionary l~terature must be the largest element in our reading, the full-fledged book. The experience of those who know most about the use of this form of literature shows that the value of books does not depend upon great size; indeed, some of the best biographies in print, like those of Dr. George Smith, suffer from their very completeness. Many will read Tom Hughes's brief" Life of David Livingstone" rather than attack the infinitely more valuable memoir of him by Blaikie. The function of the book is to give tolerably complete views of the Stl bject treated, and consequently it requires some resolution on the part of the reader to mast.or the topic. It is this more serious purpose which needs to be cultivated before many books will be read, and to accomplish this small volumes or portions of a large volume of special interest are very successfully prescribed or even pledged, with the result that the appetite becomes established.

3. As we can not live without the daily paper, so the missionary periodical is an absolute essential, if we would keep abreast of the missionary advances of the day. It is highly creditable to their editors that board magazines are so uniformly interesting and up to date. The one issued by our own denomination has a first claim upon us, perhap~; tho in order to get the best in three lands of Ohristendom, the student of missions must read THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, because of its world-wide scope and valuable leading articles; tpe Allgemeine Misst'ons-Zet'tschrijl, as being the most scientific missionary periodical in existence, because of its trustworthy reviews of missionary progress in different lands, and because of its exceedingly valuable sketches of master workers; and the Ch1trci~

MISSIONARY LITERATURE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

Missionary Intelligencer, as being easily the foremost denominational periodical, and because its many fields and its strong general articles make it of value to readers of every denomination and land.

IV. Literature for Special Classes In the conduct of con.ferences on missionary literature one is frequently asked to give lists of missionary books especially adapted to particular classes of persons. No question is so difficdlt to answer, for the twofold reason that those who have read widely in this field differ so -greatly in their literary judgments, and because readers of the specified classes are equally divergent in their likes and dislikes.

1. Ohildren are least satisfactorily provided for, if we except those of England. and Germany, and leave out of account some excellent· children's periodicals of America. Yet this apparent neglect is perhaps best provided for in these same excepted periodicals. The average child is not sufficiently interested in missions to read a long book, so .that the Religious Tract Society of London has thpught it wise to reduce so fascinating a volume as Gilmour's" Among the Mongols" to the modest limits of "Adv.entures in Mongolia." Periodical editors, however, can select the choicest material, have it served in a large variety of attractive dishes; and can make the feast as long or short as the appetite demands. In general it may be said that the Church Missionary Society of London has succeeded best in providing acceptable books and booklets for children, tho one must confess that they are not so attractive to American as to English children. That class of writings must be indigenous in order to be most effective.

2. Books for young people are also difficulf to prescribe. If young people's societies are any criterion as to who are young, the class includes all between fifteen and fifty. Limiting the term to those from fifteen to twenty-five-we beg the pardon of young people who are much older than this-it may be said that books which are most likely to interest them are biographies, books of missionary travel or adventure, and, above all, well-written volumes that are not too long. '1.'hus they would not have the patience to read the classical life of Bishop Patteson in two volumes, even tho from the pen of so talented a writer as Miss Yonge, w'hen they would enjoy Page's breezy sketch of this famous martyr of the South Seas. Missionary stories find their best market among this class of readers-books like Davis's "Chinese Slave~girl," Griffis's "Honda, the Samurai," Miss Barnes's "Izilda," and Miss Crosby's" With South Sea Folk."

3. Requests frequently come to the writer for lists "Of works especially suitable for 1IJpmen. His own view is that they are sufficiently in ad vance of men in their acquaintance with missionary books to need an even higher grade of this literature, instead of an agreeable solution of the masculine variety. The only exception to this state-

ment that he recalls is in the case of books that are full of horrible or sad details of heathenish life. Some women become hopelessly depressed by volumes portraying the woes of womanhood and such social conditions as make Dr. Dennis's" Christian Missions and Social Progress" one of the greatest missionary works of the nineteenth century. In the lists that are appended, books are marked with a w for the reason that they have especially to do with classes in society or topics which would not particularly interest men.

4. Another frequent inquiry is for text-books that are especially adapted to mission study classes. Unfortunately very little attention has thus far been given to the preparation of such literature, except in pamphlet or periodical form, and in the text-books of the Student Volunteer Series, the twenty-third issue of which has just appeared. Miss Hodgkins' "Via Christi" may be the forerunner of a series suitable for women's societies, as Dr. Barnes's "Missions Two Thousand Years before Carey" is for advanced classes that are ready to invest money and time in a prolonged course of study. The trouble with most books of this class is that, while they may be admirable for reading purposes, they -are poorly adapted for use as text-books, where brevity, clearness, and inexpensiveness are essentials.

5. Another demand is for statistical and technical works that are not expected to be read throughout, or if read in their entirety, it would be by students or persons specially interested in missions. This class, as indicated in the list following, is here made to include a few volumes that are more or less technical, appealing to special readers. The value of this variety of literature is far greater than the ordinary reading public realizes, and no missionary library can be considered complete without a few of them at least.

V. How Use This Literature?

"It depends." If the individual buys a number of books and the question applies to him, one answer would be given; if a church library were being inquired about, an entirely different answer is necessary. A few general suggestions only can be made.

1. "Begin gradually" is a safe maxim to follow in most cases. "The Unanimous Library" scheme of the New York Endeavorers, devised by the fertile brain of Mr. W. L. Amerman, is perhaps the best way to begin, if competition is the point of departure. Pledging to the reading of a book or portions of a volume is another good way to establish a taste for missionary books. But the general prescription which will meet the majority of cases in mature life is that of reading what, in Coleridge's phrase, "finds you." A friend well acquainted with missionary literature can select a single volume, or a few chapters in a book which elsewhere is a desert, and his strong recommendation and request will be the beginning of a wide use of such literature.

Personal tastes and friendly advice are the best levers in this work.

2. The confirmed missionary reading habit is still a long way off. The main reliance in cultivating it lies in the constant use of books and periodicals for necessary purposes. Thus the pastor of a church, or a missionary committee, should make literature necessary for a variety of meetings. In scores of cases workers in this line, like Dr. Sailer, of Philadelphia, and his colaborers in the Endeavor Union of that city, have won constant readers for missions by assigning once and again special parts. Finishing the required reading, the person is allured onward, and oftentimes the book is not only read by one but by a number in the same family. The Volunteer Movement's studyclass work has in hundreds of cases resulted in confirming the reading habit.

3. A third and final step, if the use of books is to be most effective, is to introduce system into reading. The Cross-Bearers' Missionary Reading Circle and the work of some of the boards and young people's societies, notably the Baptist Young People's Union, are doing much in this direction. Yet the matter rests ultimately with the individual, and he should feel that the present-day work of God in the world is quite as well worth knowing about as the earlier history of the infant Church. Consciencious devotion to the unfinished work of our ascended Lord, and sympathy with His needy brethren in mission lands should be so dwelt upon and entered into that no month will pass without some periodical or volume read, and" no day without a line" at least. Resolution is requisite and self-denial as wen; but it richly repays the Christian who sees in modern missionary history, as Dr. Pie.rson does, "new Acts of the Apostles."

IV. A Brief List of Recent Literature The writer has been requested to append a list of books and periodicals that may be useful to the reader in making selections. He does so with the confession that he does not pretend to know intimately more than two thousand missionary books of the vast number published, with a slight knowledge of an additional three thousand, perhaps. Moreover, his view-point has necessarily been that of students in our institutions of higher learning. It should also be added that, with a single exception, no literature in foreign languages is here referred to. It is a misfortune that so few are well enough acquainted with German as to be willing to take up missionary volumes in that language, as it is surprisingly rich in this line of literature. While many read'-French, there are comparatively few original missionary works in that language, save sohle admirable ones bearing on the special fields of single societies and others which are already translated.

LIST OF TWO HUNDRED MISSIONARY WORKS"

GENERAL WORKS Hodgkins, L. M. Via Christi. 1901. 8 w. Leonard, D. L. Missionary Annals of the Allgemeine Missions-Zeitschrift. r x. Beach, H. P. Geography and Atlas of Prot- Nineteenth Century 1899_ Pierson A. T. Miracles of Missions. Fonr estant Missions. 2 vols. 1901, 1902. r s. Bliss, E. M., editor. Encyclopedia of Mis· Series 1891-1901. y Pierson, A. T. Modern Missionary Century. sions. 2 vols_ 1891. r x. Church Missionary Intelligencer. r x. 1901. Dennis, J. S. Christian Missions and Social Pierson. A. T. New Acts of the Apostles.

Progress. 2 vols. 1897, 1899. a r x. 1894. y. Dennis, J. S. Centennial Survey of Foreign Thompson, R. W .. and A. N. Johnson. British Missions. (Statistical supplement to Foreign Missions. 1899. r. above.) 1902. r. – Warneck, G. Outline of a History of Prot- Ecumenical Missionary Conference, New York. 1900. r. estant Missions. (Translation of the Gordon, A. J. Holy Spirit in Missions. 1893. Seventh German edition) 1901. r x. Missionary Review of the Wo,·ld. r x. Mott, J. R. Evangelization of the World in COLLECTED BIOGRAPHIES This Generation. 1900. s. Strong, E. E., editor. In Lands Afar. 1897. y. Beach, H. P. Knights of the Labarum. Student Missionary Appeal. (Report of Third 1896. s. Volunteer Convention, Cleveland). 1898. r. Students and the Missionary Problem. (Re- Creegan, C. C., and Mrs. J. A. B. Goodnow. port of Second Volunteer Union Conven- Great Missionaries of the Church. 1895. y. tion, London. 1900. r. Williamson, J. R. Healing of the Nations. Gracey, Mrs. J. T. Eminent Missionary (Medical missions.) 1899. s. Women. 1898. w.

RELIGIONS McDowell, W. F., and others. Picket Line of Missions. 1897. y. Barrows, J. H., editor. World's Parliament of Religions. 2 vols. 1893. r. TOURS OF MISSION LANDS Davids, T. W. R. Buddhism. 1894. r. Clarke, F. E. Fellow Travellers. y. Dods, M. Mohammed, Buddha, and Christ. Comegys; Mrs. B. B., Jr. A Junior's Ex- 1893. r. periences in Missionary Lands. (Imagi- Douglas. R, Confucianism and Taouism. nary.) c. Lawrence, E. A. Modern Missions in the 1879. r. Grant, G. M. Religions of the World in Re- East. 1895. r x.

lation to Christianity. 1895. s. Twing, Mrs. A. T. Twice Around the World. J evons, F. B. Introduction to the History 1898. w y.

of Religion. 1896. r. MISSION FIELDS AND WORKERS Kellogg, S. H. Handbook of Comparative Africa and "Wadagascar Religions. 189). r. Williams, M. Monier-. Hinduism. 1890. r. Battersby,C. Harford-. Pilkington of Uganda 1899. HISTORY OF MISSIONS Bentley, W. H. Pioneering on the Congo. Barnes, L. C. Missions Two Thousand Years 2 vols. 1900. Before Carey. 1900. r s x. Blaikie, W. G. Personal Life of David Liv- Hodder, E. Conquests of the Cross. 3 vols. ingstone. 1880. x. 1890. r x y. Dawson, E. C. Lion-hearted: Story of Bishop Hannington's Life. 1901. c.

Drummond, H. Tropical Africa. 1891. y. Ellis, W. Martyr Church of Madagascar.

1870.

*The italicised letters following some of the entries in the list have the following signifi· cation: a ~ works that are helpful from an apologetic point of view. c ~ those which are of special interest to children. r ~ works of reference, or those which treat of specialties. s~volumes intended primarily for study class use. w ~ literature of special interest to women. • x ~ works of very unusual excellence. y ~ books of special interest to young people. The remarks that have been made under Section IV. above should be borne in mind in the interpretation of these symbols. Where no letter follows the title, it is to be understood that the work has equal interest for all classes of mature persons. The date following titles is important as enabling the reader to know the age of books. As a general thing, the more recent a book is the greater its value, save in the case of biographies and histories.

19021 MISSIONARY LITERATURE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

Fletcher, J. K. Sign of the Cross in Mada- Asia-Arabia gascar. 1900. y. Jessup, H. H. Kamil. 1899. y. Hall, M. J. Through My Spectacles in Sinker, R. Memorials of the Hon. Ion Keith- Uganda. c. Falconer. 1800. Harrison, Mrs.J.W. Mackay of Uganda. 1891. Zwemer, S. M. Arabia', the Cradle of Islam. Johnston, J. Missionary' Landscapes in the 1900. x_ Dark Continent. 1892. y. McAllister, Miss A. A Lone Woman in Africa. Asia-China and Dependencies 1895. w. Ball, J. D. Things Chine.e. 1892. r. Moffat, J. S. Lives of Robert and Mary Barber, W. T. A. David Hill, Missionary and Moffat. 1885. Saint. 1898. Noble, F. P. Redemption of Africa. 2 vols. Beach, H. P. Dawn on the Hills of T'ang.

1899. r x. 1898. s. Parsons, Miss K C. A Life for Africa. (Life Bryson, Mrs. M. I. Child-life in Chinese of A. C. Good.) 1897. Homes. 1885. c. Rutherfurd, J., and E. H. Glenny. Gospel in Bryson, Mrs. M. 1. John Kenneth Mackenzie.

North Africa. 1900. (~fedical Missionary.) 1891. Standing, H. F. Children of Madagascar. Chang, Chih-tung. China's Only Hope. 1900. Davis, J. A. Chinese Slave-girl. 1880. y. 1887. c. Fielde,MissA.M. Corner of Cathay. 1894_ wy. Thornton, D. M. Africa Waiting. 1898. s. Gibson, J. C. Mission Problems and Mission Tyler, J. Forty Years Among the Zulus. Methods in South China. 1001. r. 1891. Gilmour, J. Among the Mongols. 1883. y_ Whately, M. L. Ragged Life in Egypt, and Gray, W. J. H. China: A History of the More about Ragged Life in Egypt. Laws, Manners, and Customs of the Peo- 1870. w. ple. 2 vols. 1878. r x. Hart, V. C. Western China. 1888. American Continent-North Headland,1. T. Chinese Boy and Girl. 1001. c. Jackson, S. Alaska and Missions on the Lovett, R. James Gilmour and His Boys_ 1894. c. North Pacific Coast. 1880. Martin, W. A. P. Cycle of Cathay. 1896. Page, J. Amid Greenland Snows. 1892. ". Riggs, S. R. Mary and I. 1887. Martin, W. A. P. Lore of Cathay. 1001. r x. Whipple, Bishop. Lights and Shadows of a Moule, A. E. New China and Old. 1892. Long Episcopate. 1899. Nevius, H. S. C. Life of John Livingston Willard, Mrs. E. S. Kin-da-Shon's Wife. Nevius. 1895. 1891. w. Selby, T. G. Chinamen at Home. 1900. Young, E. R. Apostle of the North, James Smith, A. H. China in Convulsion. 2 vols_ Evans. 1899. 1901. x. Young, E. R. On the Indian Trail. 1897. y. Smith, A. H. Chinese Characteristics. 1894. x. Taylor, Mrs. F. H. In the Far East. (New America-Mexico and West Indies Brown, H. W. Latin America. 1891. Edition.) 1901. y. Butler, W. Mexico in Transition. 1892. Williams, S. W. Middle Kingdom. 2 vols. Carlisle, W. Thirty-eight Years' Mission Life 1895. r x. in Jamaica. 1884. Duggan, Mrs. J. P. A Mexican Ranch: 1894. y. Asia-India, Burma, and Ceylon Kingsley, C. At Last: Christmas in the West Barnes, Miss 1. H. Behind the Pardah. 1897. w_ Indies. 1889. Bishop, Mrs. I. L. B. The Golden Chersonese. Rankin, ~1iss M. Twenty Years Among the (Burma.) 1881. Mexicans. 1875. w. Carpenter, C. H. Self-support in Bassein America-South. (Burma). 1883. r. Beach, H. P., and seven others. Protestant Chamberlain,J. In the Tiger Jungle. 1896_ y. Children of India. c. Missions in South America. 1900. s. DuBois, Abbe J. A. Hindu Manners and Cus- Brett, W. H. Mission Work Among the In- toms. 1897. dian Tribes in the Forests of Guiana. 1881. Fuller,Mrs M. B. Wrongs of Indian Woman- Coan, T. Adventures in Patagonia. 1880. y. Young, R. Cape Horn to Panama. 1900. hood. 1900. w. Guinness, L. E. Across India at the Dawn of Asia-General Barrows, J. H. Christian Conquest of Asia. the Twentieth Century_ 1898. y. Hopkins, Mrs. S. A. Within the Purdah. 1899. r. Cobb, H. N. Far Hence. 1893. (Medical Missione.) 1898. w. Graham, J. A. On the Threshold of Three Hunter, W. W. Brief History of the Indian Closed Lands 1897. Y Peoples. 1892. x. Houghton, R. C. Women of the Orient. Hunter, W. W. The Old Missionary. 1896. Jackson, J. Mary Reed, Missionary to the 1877. w. Mabie, H C. In Brightest Asia. 1891. Lepers. 1899. y. Speer, R. E. Missions and Politics in Asia. Judson, E. Adoniram Judson. (Notable 1898. Baptists Series.) 1894_

Langdon, S. The Appeal to the Serpent: Asia-Persia Story of Ceylon in the Fourth Century. Bassett, J. Persia, the Land of the Imams.

Leitch, Misses M. and M. W. Seven Years in 1886. Ceylon. 1890. y. Curzon,G. N. Persia and the Persian Ques- Mason, E. B. Civilizing Mountain Men. (The tion. 2 vols. 1892: r. Karens.) 1862. Fiske, D. T. Faith Working by Love. (Miss Mason, F. Ko Thah·Byu, the Karen Apostle. Fiske's Life.) 1868. w. Laurie, T. Dr. Grant and the Mountain Nes- 1846. Maxwell, Mrs. E. B. The Bishop's Conver_ torians. 1874. Wilson, S. G. Persian Life and Customs. 1895. sion. 1892. a w. Yonan, M. Persian ~Women. 1898. w. Scott, J. G. (pseudonym, Shway Yoe). The Asia-Siam and Laos Burman, His Life and Notions. 1896. ,·x. Cort, M. L. Siam; or, the Heart of Farther Smith, G. Conversion of India. 1893. r. India. 18R6. Smith, G. Life of Alexander Duff. 2 vols. Fleeson, Katherine N. Laos Folk-lore. y. Siam and Laos as Seen by Our American Mis- 1879. x. Smith, G. Life of William Carey, Shoemaker sionaries. 1884.

and Missionary. 1887. Asia-Tu"kish Empire Tennent, J. E. Progress of Christianity in Barrows, J. O. On Horseback in Capadocia.

Ceylon. 1850. r. 1884. Thoburn, J. M. India and Malaysia. 1892. Bliss, I. G. Twenty-five Years of Bible Work Tisdall, W. St. Clair-. India, Its History, in the Levant. 1883. Darkness and Dawn. 1901. s. Dwigbt, H. O. Constantinople and Its Prob- Urwick, W. Indian Pictnres. 1881. c. y. Wherry, E. M. Zeinab the Panjabi. 1895. y. lems. 1901. Wilder, R. P. Among India's Students. 1899. Forbidden Paths in the Land of Og. Wilkins, W. J. Daily Work in India. 1890. Hamlin, C. My Life and Times. 1893. Wilson, Mrs. A. Caruso. Irene Petrie, a Jessup, H. H. Women of the Arabs. 1873. w. Ramsay, Mrs. W. M. Everyday Life in Tur- Woman's Life for Kashmir. 1901. y. key. 1897. w. Asia-Japan and Formosa Wheeler, Mrs. C. H. Missions in Eden. 1899. y. Bacon, Miss A. M. Japanese Girls and Women. Asia-Tibet 1901. w. Bishop, Mrs. J. F. Among the Tibetans. 1894. Ballard, Miss. Fairy Tales from Far Japan. c. Carey, W. Adventures in Tibet. 1901. y. Batchelor, J. Ainu of Japan. 1892_ Rijnhart, Dr. Susie C. With the Tibetans in Campbell, W. Missionary Success in For- Tent find Temple. 1901. y. mosa. 1889. Schneider, H. G. Working and Waiting for Cary, O. Japan and Its Regeneration. 1899. s. Chamberlain, B. H. Things Japanese. 1892. r. 'fibet. 1891. Gordon, M. L. American Missionary in Japan. Oceania 1892. Alexander, J. M. Islands of the Pacific. 1895. Griffis, W. E. Honda, the Samurai. 1890. y. Banks, M. B. Heroes of the South Seas.

Griffis, W. E. Mikado's Empire. 1896. r. 1896. y. Griffis, W. E. Verbeck of Japan. 1900. Brain, Miss B. M. Transformation of Hawaii. Hardy, A. S. Life and Letters of Joseph 1899. y. Hardy Neesima. 1891. Calvert, J. Fiji and the Fijians. 1877. Johnston, J. China and Formosa. 1897. Chalmers, J. Pioneer Life and Work in New Mackay, G. L. From Far Formosa. 1898. Peery, R. B. Gist of Japan. 1897. Guinea. 1895. Ritter, H. (G. E. Albrecht, translator). His- Crosby, Miss E. T. With South Sea Folk.

tory of Protestant Missions in Japan. 1899. y. 1898. r. McFarlane, S. Among the Cannibals of New Tristram, H. B. Rambles in Japan. 1895. Uchimura, K. Diary of a Japanese Convert. Guinea. 1888. y. 1895. Page, J. Among the Maoris. 1894. y. Paton, John G. Autobiography. 3 vols. 1897. Asia-Korea Paton, Mrs. J. G. Letters and Sketches from Allen, H. N. Korean Tales. 1889. y. Bi.hop, Mrs., LL.B. Korea and Her Neigh- the New Hebrides. 1895. w. Spencer, B., and F. J Gillen. Native Tribes bors. 1898. r. Gale, J. S. Korean Sketches. 1897. y. of Central Australia. 1899. r. Gifford, D. L. Everyday Life in Korea. 1898. Williams, J. Missionary Enterprises in the Griffis, W. E. Corea, Without and Within. South Sea Islands. 1888. 1897 r. Young, Miss C. M. John Coleridge Patteson Hall, R. S. Life of William J. Hall, M.D. 1897. 2 vols. 1873. Asia-Malay Archipelago Condit, Alice B. Old Glory and the Gospel in MISSION TO THE JEWS the Philippines. 1901. Gidney, W. T. The Jews and Their Evangel- Worcester, D. C. Philippine Islands and ization. 1899. s.

Their People. 1898. r. Kellogg, S. H. The Jews; or, Prediction and Fulfilment. 1883. r.

Leroy, B. A. Israel Among the Nations. 1895. r.

Zangwill,~ I. Children of the Ghetto. 1893.

GREAT MISSiONARY APPEALS OF THEl LAST CENTURY

GREAT MISSIONARY APPEALS OF THE LAST CENTURY BY THE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF The literature of missions, produced during the century just passed, has been remarkably rich and prolific. The catalog of books, covering every department of the subject, shows that some of the most gifted pens have been at work. The geography and topography of various countries, the habits and customs of foreign peoples, the mysteries of the different languages and dialects, the diverse systems of philosophy and religion, the history of missionary operations, and the biographies of devoted men and women-every class of topics germane to the great theme has been treated by writers of the highest type.

God has raised up this army of authors, and used these numerous and voluminous treatises on missions, as means of information as to the field and its wants, and the work and its progress, but most of all as molds of character and conduct, and as means of raising up new laborers to meet a world's needs.

But, besides these larger contributions to mission literature, there is another class of direct appeals to which special attention may well be directed. Single brief pamphlets, addresses and sermons have been singularly chos~n and used of God as loud trumpet-calls to His church. Often at the time they seemed only of transient interest, yet some of them have marked turning-points in the century's missionary history, and take a first rank for originality of method and for practical power among the moral and spiritual forces that have swayed mankind. At some of these we shall now glance, for the sake of their permanent lessons.

Oarey's "Enquiry" and his Nottingham sermon of 1792, on Isaiah liv: 2, 3, like Robert Hall's thunderbolt on "Modern Infidelity," in 1800, properly belong to the eighteenth century, yet they proved to be potent forces for shaping the events of the nineteenth century, and scarcely began to exert their full influence until after its dawn. Oarey's "Enquiry into the Obligations of Ohristians to Use Means for the Oonversion of the Heathens," his biographer, Dr. Smith, justly ranks as the" first and greatest" paper on missions. It contains only about twenty thousand words, but it is an amazing contribution to the statistics, geography, and religious condition of the world, especially considering its author. He was no scholar, and yet an Oxonian, with the Bodleian library at hand, could scarcely have surpassed it, either in matter or style. This shoemaker in an obscure village, whose main liooks were three-Oook's "VoYMes," the" Life of Oolumbus," and the Bible-who had little contact with the intelligent by

TllE MlsSlONAltY ltEVrll:W OF Tllll: WOltLO

converse, anli no contact with the world in general by travel-this was the man whom God chose, while as yet the Church was asleep, to speak the creative word of modern missions.

We may well consider the genesis of that" Enquiry." Carey's conversion, at eighteen, had two effects: it was self-consuming and selfconstraining. God's fire both burns up the dross out of character, and burns its own way out of confinement; it works purity in the man, and it demands vent for God's message. As Dr. Alexander McLaren says, "The candle, if put under the bushel, either goes out or burns up the busheL" Like Duff after him, Carey found his conversion impelling and compelling him to action. He started his preaching in the hamlets near Hackleton; then, as he met Andrew Fuller and Thomas S.cott, and began to borrow books, to read and think and ask questions, to make his map and amass his facts, he began also to urge on his brethren to do something to change the face of that map and the character of those facts. Like Elihu, he must show his .:>pinion. He met little besides the wet blanket of discouragement and rebuke. Meanwhile he was writing his" Enquiry," which, however, had no likelihood of ever seeing the light, for he was too poor to put it in print, being scarcely able to pay for his daily bread. In 1788, when Carey moved to Leicester, he read it to those who met at his recognition services. But his" piece," as he humbly called it, written in poverty and sickness, had lain in its sepulchre had not God said " Come forth," and had He not led Mr. Potts, by paying the cost of printing, to "loose it" from its bonds and "let it go" on its errand.

Thlts it came to pass that, four years later, the press gave this essay its thousand tongues. The author, ready to practise what he preached, had already followed up his" Enquiry" by that other epochmaking appeal from Isaiah liv: 2, 3, at Nottingham in 1792, which gave the motto for the century's missions: " Expect great things from GOD; Attempt great things for GOD."

Dr. Ryland has sought to describe the effect of that sermon, The preacher's soul was like a reservoir where waters have long gathered, and on that May day the dam broke, and the flood bore on its current not only the preacher, but all his hearers. "Obligation" was the great thought with which it smote their consciences, while it rebuked their apathy and lethargy. The impression was very deep, but it would have led to no action, had not Carey wrung Fuller's hand, imploringly asking: "Are we again to separate without doing anything?" This agony of appeal held them together until a new step was taken, fixing the next meeting at Kettering in October, as the time for "a plan for propagating the Gospel among tpe heathen."

And so that printed" Enquiry" and that spoken appeal had their first-, I

GREAT MISSIONARY APPEALS OF THE LAST CENTURY

fruits in the little band of twelve that in October, 1792, with no precedents to guide, no experience to assure, no funds to expend, and no influence to command, pledged themselves to God and each other to bear their part in spreading the Gospel, and laid down on the altar of missions their fifty-three half crowns.

It is the old story which is ever new. Like the first creation, it shows Him still at work who made the worlds out of things which do not appear. Of the genesis of missions we may write the same opening , words: "Iri the beginning, God." The Creator chose that "Enquiry" and that sermon as base-blocks for the structure of modern missionary enterprise. They who despise the day of small things may well ask whether it be not worth while boldly to use pen or tongue when God lays on us a burden, however few our readers or however cold and callous our hearers.

God has used as "goads," to urge his people to nobler advance, many other memorable sermons and addresses during the past century.

l~obert Hall's sermon on " Modern Infidelity" was made a mighty force in arousing the Church to missions, tho not directly treating of that sul;>ject. It was delivered in 1800, in Cambridge. Its immediate provocation was the French Revolution, which was, at bottom, atheism, causing a volcanic upheaval which threatened not only the foundations of all government but the very existence of society. Dr. Hall proved, in this masterly discourse, all false systems of religion to be practically godless and unable to save society from ruin, and held up the Gospel as the one and only remedy. At that time world-wide missions were taking shape, and this sermon was one of God's cIarioncalls, rallying believers in a supernatural Gospel to advance against the powers of darkness. Its author was a mighty man. Dugald Stewart says of him: "Whoever wishes to see the English language in its perfection must read the writings of that great divine. He combines the beauties of Johnson, Addison, and Burke without their imperfections."

A dozen other sermons and addresses which properly belong to the last century may now be mentioned, such as John M. Mason's "Messiah's Throne," preached before the London Missionary Society in 1802; Claudius Buchanan's" His Star in the East," preached in Bristol in 1809; Edward Irving's" Missionaries After the Apostolic School," in, 1824, also before the London Missionary Society; Alexander Duff's Exeter Hall address in 1837; Francis Wayland's" Moral Dignity of the Missionary enterprise," in 1823, and his "Apostolic Ministry," in 1855; Dean Magee's anniversary sermon before the Church Missionary Society in 1866; Dr. Joseph Angus' "Apostolic Missions," before the Baptist Missionary Society in 1871; Charles H. Spurgeon's" Plea for Missions" in the Metropolitan Tabernacle in 1877, and before the Wesleyan Society at its anniversary in 1886; William Fleming Steven-

son's" Our Mission to the East," which so thrilled the Irish assembly in 1878; Alexander McLaren's "True Source of Missionary Zeal," in London in 1889; and Phillips Brooks' sermOll delivered in Boston in 1881, entitled" The Heroism of Foreign Missions."

To these might be added Harris' "Great Oommission," Foster's "Essays on Missions," Sheldon Dibble's "Thoughts on Missions," Kip's" Oonflicts of Christianity," John Angell James' "Ohurch in Earnest," etc. This list includes only English writers and speakers, space forbidding proper reference to sermons and essays from the pens and tongues of those who, in Germany and Holland, France and Switzerland, Norway and Sweden, and other foreign lands, have lent their advocacy to the cause of missions.

John M. Mason's sermon on "Messiah's Throne" was heard by Robert Hall, and extorted from him the exclamation: "I can never preach agam." Olaudius Buchanan was a young Scotchman, converted through John Newton, and sent as chaplain to India, through Oharles Simeon's influence. After his return to England, he preached at· Bristol a sermon which, for an hour and a half, held a large audience spellbound. Its echoes, heard even in Parliament, aroused a new interest in India, which prepared for the remarkable victory in the House a little later. The text of this sermon was Matthew ii. 2, and the title was, "His Star in the East." Its closing words were these: While we are disputing here whether the faith of Christ can save the heathen, the Gospel has gone forth for the healing of the nations. A congregation of Hindus will assemble on the morning of the Sabbath under the shade of a banyan-tree, not one of whom perhaps· ever heard of Britain by name. There the Holy Bible is opened; the Word of Christ is preached with eloquence and zeal; the affections are excited; the voice of prayer and praise is lifted up; and He who hath promised His presence where two or three are gathered together in His name is there in the midst of them to bless them, according to His Word. T,hese scenes I have myself witnessed; and it is in this sense in particular I can say: "We have seen His Star in the East."

Adoniram Judson read Buchanan's appeal, and thus describes the effect: "'rhe evidences of Divine power manifested in the progress of the Gospel in India fell like a spark into the tinder of my soul. I could not study; I depicted to myself the romantic scenes of missionary life; I was in a great excitement." That was the blast God used to bring Judson's whole nature to the white heat and into readiness to be molded on His anvil of purpose. The leading thought of the discourse was the evidences of the Divine power of the Ohristian religion in the East; especially is the progress of the Gospel in India described as affected by the labors of that venerable and almost ideal missionary, Schwartz. * Francis Wayland was pastor in Boston, Mass., when he preached, * " Life of Adoniram Judson, ' by his son, pp. 70, 71.

JOHN CHINAMAN IN AMERICA

in 1823, his sermon on "The Moral Dignity of the Missionary Enterprise." It was soon after printed, and at once put him in the front rank of preachers. When Robert Hall read it, he remarked: "If he can preach such a sermon at twenty-seven, what will he do at fifty?" Wayland's subsequent discourse, before the New York Baptist Union for Ministerial Education, thirty-two years later, proved what grand work he could do at fifty-nine.

(To be continued) JOHN CHINAMAN IN AMERICA BY REV. IRA M. CONDIT, D.D., SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. Supt. of the Chinese Presbyterian lI[ission. Author of "The Chinaman as We See Him."

The Ohinese question has again come to the surface. 'i'his is caused by the fact that the Exclusion Law, at present in force, expires next May. There are no in this country, in round numbers, one hundred thousand Ohinese, but why such a comparatively small number should be looked upon as so great a menace to our broad land is difficult for some of us to understand.

One reason given is, that if the gate is left wide open they will come in such crowds as to flood the Pacific Ooast, if not the whole land.. But Americans are slow to understand that all our ao YOW, CHINESE CONSUL·GENERAL, Ohinese immigration is ·from the SAN FRANCISCO one province of Oanton, and, for the most part, from only four districts of that province. In my thirty years' experience I have never seen half a dozen from any other part of China. The northern Ohinese do not emigrate, and in all proba- bility never will. They have never gone (excepting a few from Bukien) to any of the other countries where they are freely allowed to enter. If they did come to America they could not mix with the Oantonese any better than if of another nationality. Hence the fear of the Ohinese pouring in upon us in an overwhelming flood is not very well founded.

The fear from "Ohinese cheap labor" has also very little in it to cause anxiety. In point of fact, Ohinese labor in Oalifornia is not cheap and never has been. Fruit interests and family help suffer because of the lack of Ohinese to care for the former and of the high price demanded by house servants for their labor. One of my neigh-

bors III Oakland, with an ordinary-sized family, pays fifty dollars per month for a Chinese cook and twenty-five for his assistant. This is not very cheap labor! The demand for their work in the family, on the farm, and elsewhere, at high wages, is far beyond the possibility of present supply.

Race prejudice itself can not account for the antagonism to the Ohinese. Other races are regarded with favor by those who will hardly look upon a Ohinaman as human and possessed of an immortal soul.

The animosity against our Mongolian brothers seems to be caused by a combination of reasons. Race prejudice has something to do with it, but their failure to assimilate with us has much more. Fears of an Oriental invasion and of their cheap labor cause some of the uneasiness. The fact that they bring many of the worst features of their own civilization with them: the importation of slave women; the practise of debasing vices; the belief (a false one) that the mi)ll are coolie slaves-we have in all these the reason, to some extent, for bitter hostility to the Chinese.

The dark blot of Ohinatown in our fair San Francisco has an irritating influence upon the minds of our people. It is much like a piece of China brought over and set down in our midst. Their streets filled with men, women, and children, talking in the jargon of their own tongue, their queer signboards, the quaintness of their many kinds, shapes, and sizes of lanterns, their vegetable and fruit stores, their restaurants, their temples and theaters, their barber shops, drug and variety stores, are all a veritable picture of Ohina. If the houses were only one story high and streets but six or eight feet wide, then it would be a Ollinatown indeed. To the tourist alone these places are of great interest.

This strange people who have crossed the sea and planted themselveE' down in our midst are still really living in a world of their own. They are dwelling among us, but are not of us. They retain their own peculiar characteristics, intending some day to go back to live and die in their own land. Some one has said, "They do not even change their tailor or their barber while they stay here."

It is a deeply solemn thought that they are bearing back to their own awakening country the impressions for good or evil which they receive while living among us. And just here lies the whole problem of the Ohinese question.

The first Chinese to come were welcomed and kindly treated. Their advent was regarded as theopening up of relations which meant great things for Ohina and for us. But antagonisms of various kinds soon began to arise. For political and other reasons, those words, "The Ohinese must go," became the battle-cry against them. The words of the treaty between China and the United States read as fo1-

JOHN CHINAMAN IN AMERICA

A CHINESE CmUSTIAN FAMILY. SAN FRANCISCO lows: "They shall not insult or oppress each other for any trifling cause, 80 as to produce an estrangement between them." These words were disregarded and treated but as a travesty. In this country of boasted freedom, under our flag, and in the face of solemn treaties which had been forced upon them, they were treated as no people have ever been, if we except the Jewish people. They were mobbed, unjustly imprisoned, their property destroyed, and inhumanly murdered. Every kind of outrage has been enacted against this defenseless people.

All this culminated' at length in the passage by Congress of an Exclusion Law, which went into effect May 5, 1892, and in the negotiation of a new treaty, in which the Chinese government magnanimously granted all that our government asked.

The Exclusion Law required all Chinese laborers to register within one year after the passage of the law. If they were found in the COll ntry after one year without a certificate they were .to be apprehended and deported to China. Only government officials, merchants, teachers, and students were by this law'allowed to come.

The enforcement of this law has given rise to much outrageous treatment. Those who would land have to prove by at least two

reliable white witnesses that they have a right to live in this country. Merchants, laborers, and all alike, when they arrive, or return after a visit home, are penned up like a flock of sheep in what is known as a "detention shed." This is the long shed extending over a portion of the Pacific Mail Steamship dock, and for discomfort it is a veritable J…ibby Prison without starvation. There they are imprisoned without the right of bail, and denied all communication with either their own people or with Americans. I know this from more than one effort to see some excellent members of our own mission who were thus confined. There they have to await a slow investigation of their case. They have to pay their own board during the weeks, or maybe months, of this investigation; and if they have no money to put up or friends to help them, then, without any regard to their rights, they are sent back by the same steamer on which they came. A man is often imprisoned as a criminal who has committed no crime, but merely failed to find a white man to prove his right to be here. He is imprisoned, not until his guilt is proven, but until he can prove his innocence. The great crime of the Ohinese under this law is that of being a Ohinaman.

In this way the Ohinese are discriminated against, the unjust laws are harshly executed, and the treatment they receive such as is given to no other nation under the sun. The Chinese feel this gross injustice done them by a so-called Ohristian nation. Need we wonder that they are so slow to adopt our ways and accept the Ohristianity we seek to give them?

CHRISTIANIZING THE CHINESE IN AMERICA Yet in the face of all this and more the Gospel has found a place in many a Ohinaman's heart. The various branches of the Ohristian Ohurch have missions among this people which have been fruitful of much good.

The Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions was the first on the field, and began work in San Francisco in 1852. Rev. Dr. William Speer, who had been a missionary in Oanton, Ohina, and spoke the language of this people, worked with great earnestness and zeal. Long years after leaving the work he was still known as "The Ohinaman's Friend." A fine mission-house was erected, and much good was done in many ways.. Health failing him, he was succeeded in 1859 by the Rev. Dr. A. W. Loomis, whom I joined in the work 1870. The old building at length became too small for the work, and the First Presbyterian Ohurch, situated close to Ohinatown, was secured. This is now the commodious headquarters for many departments of mission work.

In 1868 the Rev. Dr. O. Gibson, who had been a missionary in Ohina for ten years, established a mission of the Methodist Episcopal Ohurch.;

JOHN CHINAMAN IN AMERICA

A fine building was erected, and effective work bas ever since been carried on. In 1870 the Oongregational mission, under the Rev. Dr.

W. O. Pond, was opened, and they now have an excellent building on the edge of Ohinatown. In the same year the Baptist Ohurch open ed a mission, and under the Rev. Dr. Hartwell, who is now a missionary in Ohina, an excellent chapel and school-rooms were erected in the heart of the Ohinese quarters.

In all of these missions the Gospel is preached to the Ohinese in their own tongue, efficient evening schools for teaching Eng- lish are held, and they have in hand all kinds of church and missi on work. For many years not only have the various denomi- nations planted branch missions in many cities and towns where PRF..8IDENT OF' THE CHINESE KING'S the Ohinese are to be found, but DAUGHTERS, SAN FRANClSCO the plan of Ohinese Sunday-schools in our churches has been also adopted, These Sunday-schools were opened in nearly all the prominent churches of San Francisco and at other important places on the coast. As the Ohinese have gone East, schools have been opened for them there also, until they are found in not less than seventy-five cities and towns of the United States.

Some mistakes have been made no doubt, but great good has been done by these Ohinese schools scattered over our land. Thousands of Ohinese have been reached by them, and out of them have come many bright Ohristians. I have had an excellent opportunity of meeting many of these when on their way back to Ohina, and am glad to bear testimony from my own knowledge as to the scores and hundreds of Ohristian men who have come out of these schools.

Ohristianity has here tofore had the disadvantage of coming in con- tact with heathenism on its own soil by a few missionaries; but here, for the first time, heathenism has been planted upon Ohristian soil and amid our Gospel institutions. What great things might have been accomplished if we had only lived up to the relighmwhich we professed! But, notwithstanding our shortcomings, a deep impression has been made upon these heathen people. Through unjust treatment we have lost much, and yet much has been done to open their blinded eyes to the truth, destroy their foolish superstitions, and bring them into the faith of the blessed Gospel of Ohrist.

There is another side to this Ohinese immigration question, and that side is away acro~s the Pacific, in the home-Ia'nd from which this

people came. Seeds planted here are growing and ripening there. Even the many thousands of those who have gone back home not Christians, having seen with wondering eyes in our land the blessings which accompany and follow in the wake of the Gospel, have returned with their belief in idolatry mightily shaken, if not destroyed. These are awakening new ideas among the millions of their people, which are helping to open the way for the Gospel to take hold.

'fhen add to this the thousands of Christian converts in our conntry who have gone home to believe and practise what they have learned here. Thus through those still here and those who have returned, cooperating with the missionaries on the field, the Christianizing of Southern China is going forward.

I have estimated that not less than sixty thousand Mexican dollars have been given by the Christian Chinese in this country for building chapels and for various kinds of Christian work in China. One of the finest chapels in South China, at Sun Neng, has been erected almost wholly by them, and other smaller ones have been either entirely or partly built by them. Native pastors at work in these chapels and colporteurs sowing the good seed amid the innumerable villages around are supported by our Chinese Christians in this country, who are earning good wages in their daily vocations. Often these Christians return from visits to their homes, bringing good news of the con version of their wives, children, and kinsfolk.

'Fhus it is true that tho all the good which we had hoped for by the sojourn of this people among us has not been realized, yet many have been born into the kingdom, and precious influences set in motion, which are telling, and will continue to do so, for the regeneration of China.

SOME FACTS AND FIGURES Number of Chinese in the United States, 100,000. Of these there are in San Francisco, 18,000; on the Pacific Coast, outside San Francisco, 50,000; and in other states and territories, 32,000.

Christian Chinese in the United States from the beginning, divided between the principal denominations, 4,000; the present number, 1,600.

Of these in San Francisco, 600; in other parts of the coast, 500; and in other states, 500.

Evening schools in the country may be put down at 50, and Sunday- schools, 75; the scholars in attendance at these schools for one year, 3,700.

Chinese born in the United States, 3,000. Children in the mission and public schools, 500. .

Lay preachers converted in the United States who have labored both here and in China, 60; ordained ministers, 12.

Amount given by the Chinese for building chapels and for Christian work in China, $60,000 in Mexican money. To this may be added alarger sum given by them for various kinds of mission work among their people in this land.

There are three Rescue Homes for the saving of Chinese slave girls and women-one Presbyterian and one Methodist' in San Francisco, and one Presbyterian in Portland, Oregon. No less than 1,000 have been rescued , during the twenty-five years of their existence. Many of these are now happy wives and mothers in Christian homes.

THE UNOCCUPIED MISSION FIELDS OF WESTERN CHINA

There are two Kindergarten schools for Chinese in· San Francisco with 60 in attendance.

There is a Circle of Chinese King's Daughters organized and conducted by Mrs. I. M. Condit in the Chinese Presbyterian Church of San Fran- cisco who are working for their heathen sisters ann the children; it has now 32 members. At their bi-monthly meetings they have more than 100 Chinese women and children.

There are six organized Chinese churches in California, the other converts being in connection with local American churches.

There are four Chinese Young Men Christian associations in San Francisco, connected with the different missions, and each having many branches in the state and at many other points. .

There are six Christian Endeavor societies in California, with some also in the Eastern States.

THE UNOCCUPIED MISSION FIELDS OF WESTERN CHINA * BY REV. WILLIAM UPCRAFT, YACHOU, SZCHUAN, CHINA Missionary of the American Baptist Missionary Union, 1883- In writing of unoccupied fields regard should be had to the num- ber, condition, and accessibility of the people; the probable lines of future development and intercourse with the world at large; the pos" sibility of supplying such fields from bases already occupied and equipped for mission work; together with the indications of Divine preparation and leading in the direction of such fields.

Under such conditions a brief survey of the three provinces of Western Ohina-Szchuan, Kuei-chou, and Yunnan-may serve as a sample of other districts in Ohina where the needs are equally great and pressing.

'l'he advance in this part of the empire within the past decade has been rapid and striking. Within that time West Ohina has come within the range of practical geography.

* This article was prepared at our request before the Boxer uprising. It is timely, in that it shows the unoccupied fields in one province of China before 1900. Many former stations are now without missionaries. There is clearly room for all Christian workers without overlapping.-EDITORS.

What before was an isolated region, cut off by mountain ranges and forbidding gorges from the coast provinces, has now been extensively surveyed and reported on; lines of railroad are projected; a steamer has made the journey up to Chungking, and, what is equally important, in'view of the rapids and shoals that infest the Yangtze, down again; a system of" police gunboats" for the upper river has been inaugurated by the British government; the Imperial Post connects Chungking with Shanghai and the outer world; noted financiers nave been up the river to look up the prospects for investments, and finally the French and English are engaged in competing companies for the purpose of exploiting the mineral wealth of the province.

What has all this to do with mission work? Much every way; principally in the way of incitement and facility. Hitherto the mission worker has been first in the field, in many ways a great advantage in their special work; but if that honorable lead is to be maintained a much larger force is necessary and enlarged equipments will be required than are now available.

It is also of importance to remember that in the solidarity of interests that ally all foreigners in a common cause as against the suspicion and ill-will of a conservative people such as this, the advent of every additional foreigner is a factor in mission work.

Of the field in its general aspects much may be said in its favor. Lying almost wholly within the subtropical zone, it is temperate in climate, fairly healthy for Europeans, vastly productive in all the necessaries of life, and attractive with a wide range of natural beauty. . The people vary in their general characteristics, from the mercurial, excitable Szchuanese, blown about by every wind of rumor, and agi~ tated by their self-imagined fears, to the bucolic stolidity of the Yunnan people who generally ignore everything outside their own immediate interests.

To reach this western country there is one" main traveled road" -the danger-laden current of the Yangtze River.

Passing through the series of canyons that hem the river in from Ichang as far as Kuei fu we find in this latter city the center of the first and most easily reached of the unoccupied fields of the west.

Field No. 1-Kllei fll.-Knei fu commands all the border country of eastern Szchuan and a large slice of western Hupeh. The country is broken into countless valleys, in which a large tho scattered population find a su bsisteuce as farmers, miners, and, at slack times of the year, as boatman in the increasing traffic between West China and the coast.

For a small mission that could give its attention to these people, put in a number of hardy evangelists for the active work of the country, besides making the town a center for medical and educational work, this is an attractive field. It is not far removed from Ichang

and the coast, as is the case with places farther inland, and it would also form a much-needed link in the line of work looking to the west.

Field No.2-Eastern Kuei-cho1t.-Passing on from this point to the west the next field lies in southern Szchuan and eastern Kuei-chou, with an entrance at the town of Fu, on the Yangtze, in latitude 29° N., at the embrochure of the Wu River, which drains -a part of eastern Kuei-chou.

The London Mission has an outstation here worked from their central station at Ohungking, but the town is large in itself, and as the entrepot for the vast interior region, as yet unreached, it offers a good site from which to reach the mainland to the south. There A WAYSID': GROUP IN SZCHUAN, CHINA.

might be some hardness to endure, as the people do not have a reputation for amiability toward foreigners, but this need not abash any who are endowed with good health, fair animal courage, and' the strength of patience that inheres in a Divine call to such a work.

Field No. 3-Ning Yuan VaUey.-From this point we pass to the west of Szchllan, leave the Yangtze at Suifu, go north on the smaller river to Kiating, and thence to Yachow in latitude 30° N., two days' travel from the western edge of the great central plain of Szchuan.

:From Yachou, west, follow the main road to Ohing-chi, in latitude 29° N., longitude 1030 E., where the road bifurcates, the western branch goes on to Tachien lu, Batang, and Lhassa, while the southern one-that which we now propose to follow-goes almost directly south to the capital of the neighboring province, Yunnan fu,

A GROUP OF I:.0LO MEN IN WEST CHINA latitude 25° N., a journey of twenty-two days' strenuous travel, and a virgin country to mission work and workers-one of the most important fields in the west.

Down the valley of the Anning River there is a ribbon of Chinese occupied country with aboriginal tribes on either hand. Here are the important cities of Yueh shi, Ning yuan, and Huei Ii, with a long succession of market villages and towns between. It is a most promising section of country, with an excellent climate, good supplies, and because of its mineral wealth it promises to come to the front rapidly under foreign development. Along this valley lies an alternative route-some think it to be the premier line-for the Burmo- Chinese Railway, and the whole region is attracting attention to itself.

Field No.4-The Lolos.-Beside the work offering among the Chinese, there lies the great needy sphere of Lolo-Iand.

To reach the Lolos no better location can be found than that offered by the Ning yuan valley. It is more than probable that these aboriginal tribes must in the first instance be approached through the medium of the Chinese. These latter have a working arrangement with the Lolos by which their traders are allowed for a consideration, and under certain guarantees, to penetrate to the most remote points of Lolo-Iand.

Hence the field in. the Ning yuan valley may be said to bear two separate aspects, if there be not really two fields-the Chinese and the Lolos.

THE UNOCCUPIED MISSION FIELDS OF WESTERN CHlNA

There are good communications with the outside from the valley, and everything that is common to Chinese civilization may be obtained on the spot. These are important points when one has to cOJ;lsider the economy of living in a far country.

Fteld No.5-The Far WestenL Dl:st1'iets.-Of the districts still farther west much can not be said. The whole border land, as between China, Tibet, and Burma, is a field untilled. The advance from Burma into western Yunnan has been. long contemplated and as long delayed. The Fathers of the Catholic missions have some of thoir best tho most arduous work lying out there, and with the communications opening up between northern Burma and the Chinese frontier lands there is a way for us and a call to occupy.

The fate of these smaller nations and aboriginal types seem to be absorption into the larger and more aggressive peoples, but ultimately they become no mean factor in the resultant race.

There is, therefore, a strong call to evangelize and modify the raw material, and thus contribute to the character of the ultimate result.

Speaking of the field among the Chinese, the foregoing list is not exhaustive. Even those places longest worked are but beginning to be occupied, while scattered here and there among them are enormous masses of people that are not being adequately reached as yet. For example, the district of the salt alld gas wells in the center of Szchuan has a very large population, and no resident workers are yet settled there; but a good deal of itinerent work has been done, and one or two missions are planning to "effectively occupy" so soon as men are forthcoming.

A SZCHUAN FAMU.Y GROUP

The crying need is for men and women, with the correlated demand for means to sustain both them and their work.

Szchuan, as a factor in the world's calculation, is just beginning to be recognized; as a mission field it has been known, but at no time adequately understood. Every mission is short-handed, and where the field is comparatively new, as is the case here, this condition is disastrous.

There is little to conserve, but everything is open to aggressive evangelism under whatever form conducted.

We are not administering conquered territory, or drilling enlisted warriors, but everyone is engaged in aggressive action against the forces that oppose. There is not a large body of Chinese Christians, these have to be won yet, but there is an unnumbered multitude of unreached heathen men and women needy and accessible.

To do this work the old posts should be strengthened and the new fields occupied.

No part of this generally needy empire calls louder to the love, d.evotion, and heroism of Christian men and women than the unoccupied fields of Western China.

THE CRISIS IN SOUTH AFRICAN MISSIONS BY REV. FREDERICK R. BUNKER Missionary of the American Board, Natal, South Africa, 1891- It appears to be a principle in God's dealing with men in His Kingdom that long time is consumed in preparation, and suddenly the opportunity is thrust forth with the challenge to meet it. Such seems to be the situation in South Africa at the present time. To one who looks at the situation in its proper perspective there is much to encourage, much to inspire, in the missionary outlook of that field.

Since George Schmidt began to preach the Gospel to the Hottentots in Cape Colony in 1737 there has been splendid work done in foundation-building. Languages have been reduced to writing and literature prepared iu them; churches have been founded and a Christian sentiment created in a large constituency; schools, both common and academic, have been established, and an intelligent company of pastors and teachers raised up; self-reliance and self-support have been b~culcated, until an African Church is prepared to enter largely into God's plan for the redemption of all Africa.

For long the missionaries held entire control of the government of the native churches. Their word was law in the administration of all church matters. They were vested with the authority of the Home Board, and took naturally the leadership among a people just out from heath.enism, and knowing nothing of Christian life and church order.

The past four years has witnessed what has almost approached a

THE CRISIS IN SOUTH AFRICAN MISSIONS

revolution in this regard. Not without strained relationship, not without .much to be deprecated, the native Church has demanded and exacted a much larger degree of local control than it has had hereto- fore. Native leaders have been thrust; or have thrust themselves, for- ward, and demanded a place for which the missionaries felt they were not qualified.

Negro agitators from America did much to accentuate. the strained relations by raising the cry, " Africa for the Africans," and not only sought to disrupt the mission churches, but were regarded with sus- picion by the South African governments for what seemed seditious. political utterances.

These have been years of intense trial to the African Church. Gradually there has come to be a much better feeling-I speak with especial knowledge of the situation in Natal. The missionaries have been wise in yielding to the native Church a very much larger self-control of its local affairs. They have led the natives to see that self-control was not merely" bossing," but involved the carrying of very heavy responsibilities. These responsibilities have been laid upon the shoulders of the leaders, until they begin to realize that they are not as sufficient unto themselves as they thought they were, and they are glad to avail themselves of that advice and assistance from the missionaries which they formerly despised. Out of the struggle there has .grown much better relationship between the missionarie3 and the native Church. Both sides have profited by the experience. '1'he native pastors and teachers now enter more largely into the shaping of the policy of church government for their own people, and the missionaries have gained a larger place as counsellors by the voluntary choice of the people. This internal change in the African Church gains added signifi- . cance from the time in which it has taken place. While the entire world has become interested in the political changes which are taking place in South Africa, very few are interested in the changes which are taking place among the native races-changes which are of vastly greater importance than the question, which of two races is to have the supremacy in the South African republics. What part the ahorigines are to play in the future civilization of Africa is the greatest question before the statesmen of that land, and will be for the future. The objection to taxation without representation is already urged by the natives and plans have been, or are being, made to give them representation in the English legislative assemblies. Franchise laws, labor laws, and such like are prominent before the law-makers of the land. The natives themselves are awaking to the new opportunities which have come to them in the advent of new conditions. and are pushing their demands prominently forward for recognition.

With the passing of intertribal warfare the population of Africa will increase very rapidly. Warfare and witchcraft are responsible for the fact that Africa is not as thickly populated as China or India. Stable government will remove this check to increase of population. Natal, which had but ten thousand inhabitants in 1835 under Chaka, now has five hundred and seventy-five thousand native inhabitants under English rule. This change has come not only from natural increase, but from immigration from other tribes seeking the protection of a settled government. A greatly increased population must be looked for and provided for by those concerned with Africa's future.

Great changes must be looked for as a result of bringing the native races under new industrial conditions. Vast numbers of men are being gathered from all the interior tribes to Johannesburg, Kimberly, and other industrial centers of South Africa. In Johannesburg alone there were seventy thousand natives gathered in the gold industry before the Boer war. It is estimated that two hundred thousand will be needed to meet the improved conditions after the war.

These natives represent tribes far back in the interior, even beyond· the Zambezi. Others come in shiploads via Delagoa Bay and Durban, gathered by labor agents from far and near on the eastern coast for the Johannesburg labor market. They remain in service from three to five years, then return to their homes.

Who can estimate the change of ideas which will take place in them, and which they will propagate among their people on their return to their tribes?

These great changes which are taking place constitute a crisis in the Kingdom of Goel in that land.

Here are vast numbers of men gathereel under conditions where the Gospel can be made known to them most effectively in the shortest time and at least expense. If truly converted and instructed in Gospel truth they will naturally and most efficiently reach the widely scattered tribes from which they come. The long dormant tribes to which they go and through which they pass will be aroused by the tales of these travelers to keen interest in new ideas.

Nothing will appeal to them with deeper personal interest than the Gospel of Christ, if made known to them by men changed by its power and loving its truths.

Here is the great opportunity of the A.frican Church. Here is the reason for those long yea~s of preparation and slow growth. This may explain the recent upheavals in the native Church leading to new views of its responsibility, and giving it new powers of initiative in service. But these signal movements should have a meaning for the whole Kingdom of God as well as for the African Church. '['his Church is still weak in numbers and equipment, and is still burdened with heavy responsibilities in its own local field. The burden of assuming entire

THE OUTLOOK IN MEXICO

self-support is still heavy upon it. It ought to be looked to to provide the large native agency needed for the great forward movement now called for, but it should have the warm sympathy and ready assistance of the more established churches of other lands. There should be a vital flow of prayer, love, and gifts from the whole body of the Ohrist toward this needy part.

THE OUTLOOK IN MEXICO BY MRS. JOHN W. BUTLER, MEXICO CITY A number of incidents have transpired of late in Mexico, showing the great advancement that is being made along many lines.

In May, 1901, a clandestine convent in this city was raided by policemen. One of Mexico's prominent judges was delegated to visit this house and take judicial measures in regard to it. He found the nuns very pale, their color much like wax, and their gait was feeble and wavering. They- wore sandals, tho those of their order, that of the "discalced" Carmelites, went about bare-foot, as the name indicates. Rigorous fasts and abstinences were observed and their food was the simplest kind. The vegetables were cooked without salt and must have proved very unpalatable. 'fhe beds were mostly plain boards without covering of any kind. _The nuns were obliged to attend services at three or four o'clock in the morning, and then perform the daily menial offices for themselves and for one another, besides attending to the regular duties of a religious character, such as prayer, reading, meditation, and penances. The convent had interior communication with the adjoining church, so they were enabled to attend services without passing through the streets. They heard mass from a sort of loft fronted by gratings. There were found in this building hair shirts to be worn next the skin, producing constant torture, and" disciplines" armed with lead pellets and wire hooks, with which the devotees scourged their delicate flesh. The convent was ordered to be closed. The nuns were distributed among different families of this city, till further action should be taken as to their disposal. The Church authorities must have known that this convent was in existence, and that it was carried on in defiance of the reform laws issued by Juarez in 1857, to which laws were also added in 1873 and 1877 certain additional provisions.

The one relative to convents says: "The State would not recognize monastic orders, nor permit their establishment." It was stated at the time that a scholar of the Mexican law-school denounced the edifice occupied by these nuns, under the clause which provides for the denouncement of buildings employed for unlawful purposes, and that this was a matter of great interest, for the building in question was valued at about three hundred thousand (Mexican) donars. During

this month a lawyer caused the arrest of a priest for appearing on the streets of this city wearing his soutane. The priest was taken before the governor of the district, who admonished him. This also comes under the laws of reform, as "clerical vestments were forbidden in the streets." These incidents prove that those in official capacities are bound that the laws shall be strictly put in force.

Some time during the year 1897, Mrs. Helen M. Stoddard came to Mexico and began a temperance crusade. Her time was limited, but she· visited many of the principal cities of the republic, where she organized societies, and hundreds signed the pledge. The director of the deaf and dumb institute was at one of her meetings in this city, and, at the close, he requested Mrs. Stoddard to visit the school and address the pupils. 'l'wenty-six in that institute joined and signed the pledge, paying their dues, and there was not a Protestant among them. She was greatly encouraged by the reception she received from the inmates of the Girls' State Normal School. Each government teacher responded kindly to the plan of scientific temperance instruction in the public schools. In 1899 a regularly appointed lady, Mrs. Addie N. Fields, was sent out under the auspices of the Women's Christian Union Temperance Society, and for two years has been an indefatigable worker. She has spoken in Protestant churches and schools in the principal cities here, arid has organized societies. She addressed a large audience in one of the theaters in Guanajauto, and was escorted to the different schools during her stay there by some of the prominent Mexican gentlemen. She has been cordially received by governors of different states and other gentlemen holding prominent offices, and has also been aided by an editor of one of the Mexican daily papers, who is a stanch advocate of temperance. Mrs. Fields commends the Mexican people for the active interest everywhere manifest in pushing to a practical cOllclusion the cause of temperance. Her plan of work is the training of the young people in the schools, to abstain from alcoholic liquors.

Already great things have been achieved for Protestant missions here within the past few years. When Dr. J. W. Butler first went to the City of Puebla, with his now sainted father they were escorted from their place of entertainment to a little hall, in which they purposed to open free worship, by a secret police. Again, in the evening, they had to go through the same streets. The federal government, supposing that certain threats would be carried out concerning the assassination of all the group of heretics of that day, put a cordon of soldiers entirely around the block in which the hall was situated.

The fanatics of that city threw stones over the heads of the soldiers and over their bayonets, and broke all the front windows of the hall. The American consul was present, and put his hand into his pocket and handed Dr. William Butler a handful of silver dollars and

said: "Keep on this line; I will pay for all the windows they break."

A missionary of another denomination informs us that he and some companions had occasion to visit this same city a little later, and that two of the little company of believers were killed, others wounded, and all were compelled to seek safety in flight.

Last year, in this City of Puebla, there was held a convention representing the young people of the different Protestant churches'working in Mexico, with five hundred and sixty-three accredited delegates present, and these delegates and their friends walked about the streets of that fanatical place, were entertained in various hotels, and no one was known to have been insulted. Indeed, one of the conductors of the street-car, to oblige some of the passengers, called out, "Here is the Evangelical Temple."

Probably no other movement of later years has given greater impetus to the work represented by the young people of all denominations here. They come from remote regions as representatives of a little struggling band trying to serve the Master, surrounded by those who harbor bitter hatred and animosity toward the Protestant sect. They hear the discussions on various important subjects, they join in the rally songs, they clasp hands in hearty Christian fellowship, and have pleasant intercourse.

They return to their varied fields of labor stimulated to greater activity and aroused with a burning desire to infuse in their little band of Christian followers some of the zeal displayed in the meetings of the convention. These influences will be abiding and far-reaching.

Last September we, as American citizens, were called upon to pay the last honors to our dead chief, President McKinley. There was not a more sympathetic heart than that which beat within the breast of President Porfirio Diaz, the first to pay his respects and offer words of condolence to our American ambassador and to cancel all engagements except of an official character. No church here was large enough to hold the people desirous of showing their sympathy to the American colony and nation, so an invitation to occupy another building was accepted by the committee. The building was appropriately decorated, and the service was simple and impressive. In the center of the platform sat the American ambassador, at his right President Diaz, at his left was Hon. Ignacio Mariscal, and back of these sat the cabinet ministers and the Mexican official party, and the members of the diplomatic corps and their secretaries and attaches. Hundreds of the army officers of this post, not on other duty, had received orders to present themselves for the ceremony.

The large edifice was filled to the top tier of seats in the galleries. The program opened with a prayer offered by a Presbyterian minister. The Scripture lesson was read by our pastor of the English congrega-

tion. The choir sang three of the lamented President's favorite hymns and two addresses were delivered. Hundreds of Catholics present heard for the first time the Bible read from a public platform (or may be anywhere else), and listened to a prayer offered without the use of beads, candles, rosaries, or images. To see statesmen with their chief and other distinguished citizens of a Catholic nation mingle and sympathize with the representatives of a Protestant nation most surely tendH to unite these in the bonds of love and fellowship. This expression of sympathy will aid in breaking down barriers of prejudice, for" one touch of nature makes the whole world kin."

But greater things for thanksgiving have we yet to acknowledge. A few months ago the following editorial appeared here in a daily paper printed in English: "Weare glad to learn by all authentic report that the people in this country are not only buying copies of the Bible, but are readin'g the good Book." This is truly marvelous, as this is a land where the Bible is looked upon as a prohibited book. A few years ago one was bought for forty dollars, and the owner was compelled. to keep it hidden and read it when she would not be detected. When it was finally discovered her own relatives caused her to pass through so many petty persecutions she was forced to leave them and seek the protection of her Protestant friends. Now we have the Bible sold and read and the privilege of worshiping without being molested or made afraid. Last August the informal opening of the new Mexican church in Pachuca took place. Tho the auditorium of the chapel has a seating capacity of six hundred, yet at both services the aisles and doorways were literally blocked.

The service was attended by the resident Governor of the State of Hidalgo and his staff. When the collection-plate was passed the governor placed a bill upon it, which gladdened the hearts of the official brethren as well as the ministers present. He also attended the memorial service held in the new English church.

A glorious day is dawning for Mexico.

MR. MOTT AND JAPANESE STUDENTS BY REV. R. B. PEERY, PH.D., LUTHERAN MISSION, SAGA, JAPAN Author of " The Gist of Japan"

In response to repeated requests from the Student Christian Union of Japan the secretary of the World's Student Christian Federation, Mr. John R. Mott, recently visited this field for an evangelistic campaign among students. He arrived September 23d, and remained just four weeks. During this short time he accomplished a vast amount of work, holding eighteen evangelistic meetings in the widely separated cities of Sendai, Tokyo, Kyoto,. Osaka, Okayama, Kumamoto, and Nagasaki. The meetings were attended by 11,580 persons, mostly

MR. MOTT AND JAPANESE STUDENTS

young men. Mr. Mott also held fourteen meetings for Christian workers, speaking to more than eleven hundred missionaries, pastors and evangelists.

Most careful preparation was made for this campaign. Before sailing for Japan a circle of, tried friends in all lands agreed to unite'~l in prayer for this mission in the East, and this circle followed th~ik progress of the work daily at the throne of grace. PraJt~r cards we.l'~T also issued in Japan, both in Japanese and English, containing a state:?; ment of work to be done, and asking for daily prayer for special ' objects. These cards were sent out to many workers, and thus numerous prayers were offered daily for the success of the work. In addition, a committee was appointed in each of the cities where meetings were to be held to make all needed arrangements and carefully look after details. The great blessing vouchsafed to this movement was largely due to these two causes-earnest, world-wide prayer, and most careful and painstaking preparation.

-The actual results of the work among the students were many and far reaching. First and best, 1,464 persons gave their names as deciding to accept Christ, and desirous of being further instructed in the truth. More than one thousand of these were students. Care~ul precautions were taken that the people might clearly understand just what the step meant, and doubtless most of them are in earnest. 'l'hese evangelistic meetings were conducted as follows: First, there was a stirring address to awaken a sense of sin and the need of strength to conquer it; second, an after-meeting to which all interested were invited to remain and hear more fully of the way of salvation, at which meeting the people were urged to accept Christ as their personal Lord and Savior, and all who where willing to take this step were asked to sign their names and addresses on blanks prepared for that purpose; lastly, the people who signed their names were then taken into a smaller and quieter room, where Mr. Mott gave them sympathetic counsel as to the necessity of cutting loose from all sin, resisting temptation, confessing Christ, enduring persecution, engaging in daily prayer, being diligent in Bible study, uniting with the associations, joining the Church, and enlisting in active service for the Master.

The importance of careful instruction and nourishment for these young converts and inquirers was fully recognized and means provided for its accomplishment. In each city where meetings were held a committee was immediately appointed to superintend this work. The inquirers were then classified and assigned to churches or organizations for visitation and instruction. Bible classes were at once organized for them, and large numbers are now studying God's Word, which "is able to make them wise unto salvation." Most of t,hose connected with schools at once united with the students' Christian associations, and the membership of these organizations has been very

greatly increased. Already not a few, who had previously been instructed in the way of God by missionaries and pastors, have been baptized and brought into the fold.

Besides the great interest aroused in Ohristianity on the part of the students and others, and the large number of inquirers, Mr. Mott's corning had a direct influence upon the regular mission workers of this country. A remarkable conference for workers was held in Tokyo (October 3-6), which was made up of delegates from the Student and Oity associations, prominent Christian educators, and some leading pastors and missionaries. Mr. Mott made inspiring addresses on " The Work of the Student Federation," "Importa"nce of Bible Study," " Ohristians of Reality," "The Evangelistic Spirit," and " Personal Work." Other prominent speakers were Presidents Honda, of Aoyama; Ibuka, of Meiji Gakuin, and Motoda, of the Episcopal College; the Hon. K. Kataoka, President of the Lower House; United States Minister, Oolonel Buck; pastors U emura, Kozaki, and Harada; and the leading penologist of Japan, K. Tomeoka, Esq.* Mr. Mott, being an outsider and of world-wide reputation, was able to enter places and do work that is beyond the reach of the resident mIsslOnary. He was the first distinctively Ohristian worker to be invited to speak in the Tokyo Imperial Univer..sity. There he addressed four hundred students with wonderful feeling and power, taking as his subject" The Influence of Ohristianity on the Students of All Lands." The same address was repeated in the government colleges at Sendai and Kumamoto, and to the Kyoto Educational Council. Thus the fact was brought before many students and educators of Japan that Christianity is not a worn-out faith, fit only for old women and children, but that it is a living, active faith, commanding the allegiance of some of the strongest and most scientific minds of the world. A recognition of this fact can not but prepare the way for an honest consideration of the claims of Ohristianity.

Among the indirect results of Mr. Mott's visit. should be mentioned 1 better understanding of the association idea, and a greater appreciation of the movement on the part of some pastors and teachers. The relation of the Young Men's Ohristian Association to the Ohurch was also made clear, and some fears along that line were allayed. Japanese Ohristians are profoundly grateful to God for sending His servant among them, and giving such convincing evidence of the unchanged power of the old Gospel story, when plainly and forcibly told, to convince and convict men, and bring them to the foot of the cross.

* There was some criticism due to the fact that such old and -el<perienced missionaries as Drs. Davis, DeForest, Soper, Hail, and others who were present were given no opportunity to speak, bnt spent the three or four days simply listening to addresses, many of them by young and !l0mparatively inexperienced men. Only one missionary had a place on the program.

all the other speakers being Japanese. But where there is so milch to praise it seems unkind to bl~me.-R. B. P,

A GREAT CONVENTION OF EDUCATED CHINESE

A GREAT CONVENTION OF EDUCATED CHINESE BY R. E. LEWIS, M.A., GE:'S"ERAL SECRETARY, SHANGHAI At a recent convention of the College Young Men's Christian Asso- ciation of China, held at Nanking, a new watch-cry was sounded out by the fraternal delegates from Japan and Korea, which filled the con- vention with emotion-" Asia for God."

The convention (November 7-10) was attended by one hundred and seventy regular delegates, and, in addition, by five hundred Ohinese pastors, students, and laymen. The Christian work in the colleges of Hong Kong, Ohina, Korea, and Japan was represented. Never had there been such a carefully selected inter-lingual gathering of Chinese -for it was chiefly a Chinese gathering. Fourteen denominations, six languages, and thirty-three colleges had sent delegates, many of whom had come up through the baptism of blood. Between thirty and forty college presidents and professors (Europeans) were present, and were of great service to the convention.* One of the most important items of business to come before the convention was a resolution proposed by a representative committee of educators, and approved, as follows: As a convention we press upon the attention of the International Committee of the Young Men's Christian Association the immensity of the field offered for Christian work among students in China, and the special openings for such work afforded by the present state of affairs in the coup-try.

One-fourth of the students of the world live in China. This fact is in itself a powerful appeal. Is it too much to ask that a number of men of no ordinary faith and ability be sent out to China to give themselves to the work of reaching these students, especially since the vast majority of these students have no contact with Western education, and beyond the preparation and distriqution of some valuable literature, the Church has done but little for them? The recent reforms in governmental examinations will bring tens of thousands of students into contact with new thoughts and ideas, and thereby render them peculiarly susceptible' to Christian influence. Now, therefore, is the time to grapple with this work.

Mr. John R. Mott came to this national convention direct from Peking, where about three hundred and fifty survivors of the Martyr Church of Chih-Ii had been in a special conference for the deepening *Among those who took part in the gathering were: Mr. John R Mott, Secretary of the World's Student Christian Federation; President D. Z. Sheffield, D.D., of North China College; President O. F. Wisner, D.D., of Canton College; Rev. Dr. Timothy Richard, of the Society of Diffusion of Christian and General Kno~ledge; President D. L. Anderson, D.D., of Tung Wu College, Suchau; Rev. D. R Hoste, Acting Director-General of the China Inland Mission; Rev. G. G. Warren, of the English Wesleyan Mission; Rev. J. Walter Lowrie, RA., of Paoting fu; Rev. J. C. Garrett, B.A., of Hangchau; Rev. W. L. Beard, RA., Principal of the Fuchau Theological Seminary; Rev. L. H. Roots, B.A., of Hankow; Rev. Robert Fitcb, RA., of Ningpo, and many others. The vice-presidents of the convention, Dr. Wan, of Hong Kong, and Professor Ding, of Fuchau,as well as the secretaries, Professors Sen, of Wuchang, and Zia, of Shanghai, represented the new life of China. The music was conducted by Mr. S. K. Dzau, Chinese Secretary of the Shanghai Association. Special messages were sent to the convention by Bishop Moule, of the Cbristian Missionary Society, and by Bishop Moore, of the AmericaD Methodist Episcopal Church.-R, E. L.

of the spiritual life. The delegates from the north brought to Nanking a new experience. Their testimony as to the" Cost of Evangelizing China" and to "God's Sustaining Power in the Midst of Persecution" was emphasized by such sacrifices as few people in America can comprehend. Mr. Mott's use of an interpreter seemed rather to help than to hinder his effectiveness. And the Chinese were ready for the call to new life and to new activity in behalf of China.* A spirit of expectancy was a dominant characteristic of this convention. There was no pessimism in the prayers or addresses. All thinking men were convinced that a day of great things is dawning in China. The Christian colleges in China are being crowded to the doors by new students. The viceroys and governors of eight of the provinces have started, or are about to start, new government colleges on Western lines. Recent imperial edicts have abolished the old "Wen-chang" test in the civil-service examinations, and substituted theses on modern themes. 'fhis affects over five hundred thousand students this year. Since the Boxer troubles edicts especially favorable to Christianity have been widely distributed. The sifting of the Church has freed it from the chaff, and those who have paid the price of being known as Christians are now prepared for greater things in His name. "China for God," " Asia for God," were not mere bursts of enthusiasm, but the diapason of united and great resolves.

The association convention was attended by delegates of fifteen different denominations, and was an example to the Chinese of visible unity. Another proof of the importance of the work was found in the fact that the missionaries located at Hankow, Fuchau, and Peking sent urgent requests that trained general secretaries be sent out from home to organize associations among the various classes of young men at these great centers. The International Committee will find it difficult to refuse to man these cities, each of which represents about a million inhabitants. t 'fhe present secretarial force must be largely increased if the association movement in China is to occupy the field to which it is earnestly invited by the missionaries and by the Chinese. Not only the three above-mentioned cities must have men, but also, as the resolution previously cited indicates, many of the other provincial capitals. It was felt that at least all cities in China of a million people should have residential association secretaries.

* The nature of the convention may be best seen in the subjects of some of the addresses: "The Literati and the Regeneration of the Empire," "The Christian Teacher as an Evangelizing Force,~' HHow to Reach the Gentry," H The Young Men of the Great Port Cities," H Dangers and Possibilities in the Evangelization of China," H The Price of Evangelization," H The Secret of Success and Failure in Making the Christian College a Source of Supply for the Christian Ministry," "The Importance of Devotional Bible Study."

t The present secretaries in China are: Messrs. F. S. Brockman, B.A.,' National Secretary, Nanking; D. Willard Lyon, B.A., Editorial Secretary, until recently at Peking; Robert R. Gailey, M.A., General Secretary, Tien-tsin; W. J. Southam, B.A., General Secretary, Hong. kong; Philip L. Gillett, B.A., General Secretary, Korea, Seoul; Dr. H. O. Barrie, Secretary Foreign Department, Shanghai; Robert E. Lewis, M.A., General Secretary, Shanghai.

SELF-SUPPORT IN MISSION WORK

It is agreed by all thinking men that the thorough evangelizing of China largely depends upon Chinese leadership. This is a. nation where education is the sine qua non of leadership. The Church of God waits for Chinese who are both spirit filled and well trained. Herein is the great opportunity of this student Ohristiau organization -to train and bring forward for the Church men whom she can trust as leaders. The greatest single lack in China has been Chinese of faith, zeal, and ability who would enter the ministry. On every side this is acknowledged to be a greater problem than securing an adequate force of foreign missionaries. We have as yet had very few men like Pastor Hsi. May God raise up His Chinese Wesley, Moody, aud Lightfoot. China has already sacrificed her Huss and her Latimer on the altar of heathen fanaticism. After the sowing of life comes the harvest of lives.

SELF- SUPPORT IN MISSION WORK REV. CHARLES BISHOP, JAPAN Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church In mission work in every land the question of self-support is a problem they have to face as soon as a native is set to preaching. Many methods have been employed to secure the support of the native pastor from the native church, sometimes with considerable show of success. But the beginning of the twentieth century finds this still an unsolved problem, and also a great lack of unanimity on the part of mission workers as to how that desired end is to be accomplished. If a goodly number of missionaries from any field were to be set down in an entirely new work to start de novo, some of them would want it understood from the beginning that no mission money would be paid to native helpers, but that they must look for it from the native Christians. This is doubtless the nearest to a solution of the problem that has yet been reached. The trouble with it is, that it is so slow a method of building up a native Church that few missionaries, and few missionary societies, have the patience to wait long enough to see whether it is going to succeed or not.

Some would spend all the money available for evangelistic work, relying on great numbers to finally take over the support of their pastor. Plausible as this may seem, it is a fact that after mission money has been once freely used it takes the native churches as long to awake to the responsibility that rests upon them of taking up the support of their pastors as it takes those churches which have never received any money to grow in numbers sufficient to make a strong Church, and so probably far into the present century both methods will have their advocates.

Perhaps a greater number will try to strike a golden mean somewhere between these two extremes, using mission money to supplement what the natives pay toward the support of their pastors. But while this is still an unsolved problem, some general principles have gradually become apparent that promise to be of value in the working out of the task the Church has undertaken. It is true, especially in a country like Japan, that the more nearly independent the Church is as to its relation to the foreign Church the greater interest the natives are likely to have in self-support. And, on the other hand, it has become apparent that those who have little or no organic connection with the foreign Church are more likely to depart from orthodox lines and fail to administer proper discipline, being either too careless, or, very likely, unnecessarily strict and severe. In the third place, the churches must have something more than the mere name of being self-supporting to hold them up to the constant effort necessary to collect the money required to carryon the work month after month and year after year. There must be some qtlid pro qtW, some advantage to be gained by becoming self-supporting.

In this respect the Methodist Church is lacking, in that a selfsupporting church has no advantage over one partially or even wholly supported by the missionary society. The General Conference has not made provision to meet the necessity of providing some adequate inducement for a mission church to struggle on up to the selfsupport line, and probably because a majority of its lawmakers have believed that as quickly as expedient the churches in foreign lands should become independent. 'l'his is the ultimate goal of the churches raised up bOy the missionary societies in foreign countries. There is a wide-spread feeling at this time among the various branches of the Methodist Church in Japan that in the near future they will unite, and as the only possible basis for such a union is one independent of all foreign churches, they desire to form an independent Japanese Methodist Olturch.

Recognizing the necessity for some such inducement as that referred to above, to stimulate the churches to strive for self-support, they propose to grade the churches according to their standing in selfsupport, giving those wholly self-supporting, full rights and privileges including that of a lay member in the annual conference. Those churches which have at least twenty members and pay all current expenses and at least half their pastor's salary shall be termed aided cJwrclies, and shall be entitled to a lay advisory member in the annual conference. The third and lowest class shall be made up of those contributing less than the above amount, and are under the control of their respective missions. Here an inducement is provided to stimulate the assisted churches to become self-supporting.

The churches have for some time been making encouraging progress

THE NEW CENTURY OUTLOOK IN PERSIA

toward self-support, but it is because of the continual efforts of the missionaries along that line, together with that of some zealous pastors and a few laymen, and not because of any wide-spread desire on the part of the rank and file of the membership.

When this new movement is consummated, which can not be for some years yet, as it must be approved by the general conferences of the various Methodist churches at work in Japan, we may expect to see a marked advance in self-support.

And yet it is not likely to speedily do away with assisted churches, for this is essentially the same method adopted by the united body of Presbyterians several years ago; and while they have made fair advancement, still the mass of the churches move toward self-support slowly, and occasionally retrogression to a lower class is witnessed in spite of all that can be done to prevent it.

But, on the whole, the Japanese Ohurch is progressing in influence year by year much faster than it is in members, and if there are any discouraged missionaries they are few indeed. We are now at the close of the first generation of mission work in Japan, and enough has been accomplished in that time to lead one to predict that by the end of another generation the missionary societies will have largely withdrawn from the country, and not only that, but they will have found faithful allies in the Japanse Ohurch in the work in other parts of Asia. God grant it may be so.

THE NEW CENTURY OUTLOOK IN PERSIA-II BY REV., BENJAMIN LABAREE, D.D., URUMIA, PERSIA Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions Let us now look at another chapter in the missionary history of Persia, disconnected from that we have been considering, unique, and yet showing charaeteristics of the same type.

More than another third of the century went by after the American mission was established and anew factor in the Divine plan for the redemption of Persia began to unfold itself. A wholly new mission was inaugurated in the south of the kingdom. English missionaries were moved, on independent lines, by various strange providences, to begin work at Ispahan; missionaries of the Ohurch Missionary Society, that society which in such a marvelous degree seems to be indwelt by the spirit of life. The Rev. Robert Bruce, D.D., had come from India to Ispahan to revise the translation of the Persian Scriptures, and had become impressed with the supreme opportunity opening before him for preaching the Gospel to the Persians of southern Persia. His society responded to his fervent and persistent appeals very cautiously at first, as was proper, but later accepted the new scheme as a Divine call with ardor and liberality. Space does not

allow us to describe how under stress of high cOllvictions and a lofty faith they have met and sustained the weighty responsibilities of this Divine movement, nor to point out the many indications of the Divine generalship which has shaped their labors, nor to touch upon their hard-won, heartening victories in the Master's name. It is a record to stimulate Christian faith and courage.

Among other tokens of the Divine favor should be mentioned the benediction of that man of rare godliness and consecration, Bishop Valpy French, of India, who visited the mission officially, and later on, aflame with zeal for the evangelization of the Moslem, laid down his life on the coast of Arabia, in sight of Persian shores. The mantle of this ascended prophet fell upon his beloved friend, the venerable Bishop-Stuart, who, at an advanced age, renounced his New Zealand bishopric and came to Persia in order to enter iuto his sainted brother bishop's work of preaching to Mohammedans. With such and similar evidences of the Divine force pervading and controlling their great undertaking, this southern mission has steadily pressed on its way, with a grand disregard to the possible and actual obstacles confronting them. Under the same impulse of expansion which we have seen working in the American missions at the north, from their one first station at Ispahan, it has reached out and planted the beacon-fires of the Gospel in the cities of Kirman, Yezd, and Shiraz, in all which ordained missionaries and missionary physicians are now doing heroic work. Patiently and tactfully they are radiating out the light of an evangelical Christianity throughout the provinces of the kingdom, dispelling darkness and hostility to the Christian faith.

And here the Church of Christ stands in Persia on the threshold of the twentieth century. It were possible to sum up this cursory review with an interesting exhibition of statistics: of missionaries on the field, of churches formed and their communicant members, of schools of different grades established, of hospitals and dispensaries in beneficent operation, of the numbers of the Holy Scriptures put in circulation; but these are not so much to the point. The great fact is that this missionary force of the Church of Christ in occupation here is animated by a consciousness of a Divine history behind it, of a present Divine enduement of power, and of an imperative calLfrom the Spirit of the Lord to go forward. It remains for us to make an estimate of its special equipment for this forward movement. What is the· inventory of its inheritances Hom the nineteenth century? Let us note some of the main items.

1. First in this enumeration we must mention the rnission history simply and alone. The bare facts of the history are a treasure of inestimable value in any forecast of the future. They are the tokens of a Divine energy, the revelations of a Divine will, the links in a Divine plan pointing forward to a future glorification of God's great compre-

THE NEW CENTURY OUTLOOK IN PERSIA

hensive purpose. 'fhey are more than merely auspicious omens of coming achievements; they are the veritable seeds of an assured future spiritual harvest. Like produces like-a law as true in the spiritual world as in the natural. What the Holy Spirit has done the Holy Spirit may be expected to do again. The perpetuating power of the Holy Spirit is the main confidence of the foreign missionary. The apostles witnessed to the wonderful facts they had personally known, and so the whole world became filled with a: glorious Ohristjanity.

The nineteenth century sends its witnesses of the Holy Spirit's doings in Persia down into the twentieth century, and the enlargement of Ohrist's kingdom among these people is the certain result we anticipate. For the facts are of the same genus as those which have been the seed of the Church since the apostles' day. Nor have these things been done in a corner. They are not on the record book of the missionary simply. How dense ignorance of Ohristian truth among so-called Ohristians has given way to Ohristian intelligence, how evil lives have been transformed into lives of sweetness and spiritual power, aud how well-ordered churches with their ratioual forms of worship have sprung up all through the mission fields, even the Moslem world of.Persia bears unsolicited testimony. How one Nestorian of lowly birth and humble education, Kasha Yacob Dilakoff, mighty in faith and spiritual power, gave his life to the spread of evangelical truth in the Russian empire, thousands of evangelical Stundists in that country to-day bear grateful witness. The steadfast devotion to the Lord Jesus of Mirza Ibrahim, a convert from Islam, and his violent death in prison in consequence, are facts which have been reverberated throughout this Mohammedan state. The unflinching loyalty to Ohrist of another convert from Islam, a beloved and skilful physician now living, has compelled Moslem princes and governors, in admiration of his character, to defend him against Moslem fanaticism. The results of labors done by native missionaries, young men and women of transformed lives entering into the dark places of Persia and Kurdistan, are recorded in the changed n.orals and religious practices of whole communities. Enriched by such experiences pulsating with the Divine indwelling, encompassed by such a panoply of fresh, new evidences of the vitalizing power of the blessed Gospel preached, the missionary work in Persia has stepped forth into the arena of the twentieth century with an unconquerable confidence as to the enlarged triumphs before it.

2. As a second item in the legacy of the nineteenth century to the twentieth here in Persia let us put down the new stcttus of Ohristianity before tlte Persian naNon. The sympathetic Ohristian believer will not find it difficult to accept the statement, which we make with great emphasis, that during these more than threescore years of missionary presence and teaching in the country a far juster and nobler

conc,eption of the Ohristian religion has taken possession of the Persian mind than has ever had lodgment there in all the preceding centuries. We do not mean to imply that the change of sentiment has been universal, nor that the old Moslem supercilious regard for the Ohristian is anywhere totally eradicated. The deep-seated prejudices of the Shiah Moslem toward the infidel Ohristian, hoary with age, and manifested in many irritating social customs, are still rife. But in the important centers of missionary operations, and wherever Ohristian preachers have gone, a wide breach has been made in these ..prejudices, and a distinctly higher respect for the Ohristian and his religion has taken root. Graduates of mission schools, and even plain church-members, as Ohristian evangelists and colporteurs, circulating among the Mohammedan populations, have greatly surprised them by their intelligence, their grasp of spiritual truths, and their vigor of Ohristian argmp.ent. Such men are now given a cordial welcome almost everywhere they may go, and their message is listened to with respect and even unfeigned interest, in striking contrast with the conditions they were exposed to fifty years ago.

While writing these pages, one of our excellent preachers, stationed in a city at some distance from here,h3os related how on his recent journey hither he was overtaken on the road by a very intelligent governor of an adjacent province, atten4ed with a large retinue. The nobleman from a distance recognized the Nestorian preacher as one who had some weeks previously visited his home with some missionaries. Spurring his horse forward he greeted him most cordially, and riding with him for a half hour referred to the earnest Ohristian discussions at his house, urgently requesting the preacher or Ohrist to ma~e him soon another visit to continue the conversation. At another prominent city this summer, the eminent governor, after receiving with distinguished courtesy a little company of Ohristian evangelists passing through the place, turned to some thirty or forty ecclesiastics assembled at his court, and told them frankly that unless they reformed their manners and their teachings their Moslem followers would aU sooner or later desert them to become Ohristians or something else. Earlier in the season a cOhple of Ohristian colporteurs, one a Nestorian with some medical skill, the other a converted Israelite, found themselves most hospitably received and entertl}ined by Moslems of rank in many villages on their circuit. And every opportunity was given them to preach the way of life through Ohrist to all comers. Their hosts, too, manifested not a little pleasure when their own Mollas were discomfited in argument by these Ohristians. Their tact in discussion, their simple forms of devotion at their meals and other times, and their conspicuous uprightness of life left behind them a profound impression in favor of the faith they taught.

As to the preaching of the foreign missionary, it is ever reaching

THE NEW CENTURY OUTLOOK IN PERSIA

out to .increasing numbers, and is listened to with deepening respect aud interest. Quite recently a missionary was allowed to preach in a Mohammedan mosque, where several hundreds of worshIpers were present, and was given the most courteous attention.

Thus, beyond all question, Christianity in Persia occupies now a vantage-ground which it did not half a century ago. It is no longer a dead, voiceless creed; it is vital, outspoken, aggressive. It com- mands a growing attention. Communities of evangelical Christians are leavening their Moslem neighborhoods with new ideals of Christian integrity, pnrity, and truthfulness. Especially are the Moslem women discovering the nobler position accorded to their sex under the Christian religion and covet the privileges it extends.

But perhaps no form of missionary service has affected the Persians more favorably toward Christianity than the philanthropic character of the Ohristian physician. 'rhe phenomenal success which has been vouchsafed by God to all medical missionary work has served to place the religion of the physician on a lofty pedestal. Known widely among the masses, he stands not only as the impersonation of Divinely given skill, but also of unsullied integrity and exhaustless benevolence. We would emphasize the weight of character which the Persian associates with the professional qualities of the missionary doctor. Does the Shah want a specially confidential family physician? He solicits the services of his well-tried friends, Dr. Holmes or Dr. Oochran.. Does he, on his accession to the throne, require a most trustworthy medical man to accompany his family from Tabriz to Teheran? It is Dr. Vanneman he invites to assume the delicate responsibility. Dr. White, by invitation, visits Kirman to attend the family of the governor, meets with signal success, and immediately friendly relations are established with the leading ecclesiastic functionaries, and among the foremost to se,ek the doctor's help are the very persons who had previously assured the acting governor that if he did not bring about a cessation of Ohristian work in Kirman they would take summary measures to do it themselves.

What an outlook we get here for the progress of Ohristianity in Persia in the future. How much of high prestige it has acquired for itself during the eentury past. Belief in the superior purity of its uncorrupted doctrines, in its essentially spiritual nature, in its unselfish, beneficent aims, in the elevating character of Christian education, its kindlier consideration of women, now so widely lodged in the land, is bound to spread, compelling increasing reverence for the holy founder of the Ohristian faith.

3. A third gain for Ohristianity in the past century, from which the future evangelization of Persia is to reap vast advantage, is the extensive dtstributwn of the Bible among the reading classes. At great pains and large expense have the Bible societies secured very

accurate translations of the Christian Scriptures in the several lan- guages of the country, and have put them in the hands of the various populations. It has been a work of grand faith. Large present results could not be expected. But of momentous returns in the future there has been the sublimest confidence. What that later harvest is to be, there are already accumulating signs. Clearly there is an increasing attention to these holy books. On his recent visit to Urumia, Prof. D. S. Margoliouth, of Oxford, England, met a number of the Babi sect for the purpose of learning something of their tenets, and was struck with their large acquaintance with the Persian Bible. He afterward remarked to the writer, in substance, that he often had questioned the utility of the work of the Bible societies in these lands, but that now his eyes had been opened to its importance. Even tho this search of the Old and New Testaments lacks the desired candor, there seemed to him an immense gain in this increasing contact with Christian truth, as preparing the way for an acceptance of genuine Christian doctrine by many.

This is a more hopeful view than is taken by many observers of the Babi movement. And yet, who dare assert that it is not founded on the everlasting promise of our Almighty God, "My word shall not return unto me void"? We range ourselves upon the optimistic side of the problem. We can not believe that this extensive distribution of the life-giving Word, with its thrilling story of consecrated human toil and Divine interpositions, has not been a material part of God's comprehensive plan for the undermining of Mohammedanism. We believe this entrance into God's truth means its increased efficacy, and the increase of saving light. Babism is a protest against Mohammedan stagnation of thought and ecclesiastical tyranny. Only another false light itself, yet it will, we believe, serve to point the way to the true Light. This study of the widely Hcattered copies of the Persian Bible is a swelling tide of hope for the millions now groping their way in pitiful darkness.

4. In the fourth place, we must recognize a distinct ad vantage for Christianity at the outset of the twentieth century in the accurmdated momentum of the forces arrayed here for tOts extension. Our great confidence as to its future triumphs is not that a vast amount of energy is at present in exercise to carry it on, but that this energy has a cumulative power. Every decade witnesses an increase of the momentum with which each arm of the service strikes the opposing forceso Gospel preaching covers a wider territory, rising in ardor and hopefulness. The Church becomes more compactly organized and puts on a bolder front. The influence of Christian education broadens out. The press multiplies its silent and potent agencieso The medical service wins the friendliness of new populations, and secures a heightened respect for the principles underlying it. The spiritual

THE NEW CENTURY OUTLOOK IN PERSIA

momentum of all these forces is a towering fact, and it must be taken into account in our forecast of the future. Mr. Speer, in his address before the Presbyterian General Assembly, speaks of "the sweep and onset of those Divine forces that are lodged of God in the enterprise of missions." And certainly something vastly higher than the breath, and push, and purse of enthusiastic human leaders is demanded in explanation of this irresistible and ever-accelerating force so constantly in evidence. Says Dr. George A. Gordon of the missionary work of the nineteenth century: "The scheme is alive with the humanity of Christ.." It is sublimely true. There is a correlative truth of equal majesty and import, however: it is that the scheme is alive with the ind wellin g and energizing Spirit of God. The imminent power of God is the secret of its mighty onward roll. The true seer of the Lord discovers the fact through the whole unfolding of the enterprise. He humbly recognizes it as dominating his own subordinate schemes and efforts.' It is the spring of all his enthusiasm and confidence. It is his inspiration in times of seeming failure.

It is true that as yet no great breach has been made here in Persia upon the strongholds of Mohammedanism. Yet beyond question the impact of Christian truth has shaken the defenses of Islam and given its leaders anxiety. The preaching of high Christian morality has opened the eyes of multitudes to the prevailing rottenness of Moslem ethics. Said an intelligent Mussulman to a native Christian recently, ., Our religion is corrupt, is doomed; you Protestants must go steadily forward." Babism proclaims the need to graft the higher Christian moralities upon the teachings of the Koran. Precious martyr blood has testified to the inestimable power of the great truth of Christ crucified over Persian Mohammedans hungering after fellowship with God.

Such results are not only the earnest of others like them, but are God-spoken prophecies of a greatly accelerated progress in the divinely ordained and God-directed cause. Have new doors been forced open in the past for the wider spread of the Gospel? They will multiply as the new century advances. Has the last century witnessed most impressive interpositions of Divine Providence for the protection of His servants and the prospering of their labors? The new century will certainly be starred with an ever-increasing display of such. Have the workers often been startled by the sudden springing to the surface of fresh sources of power-welcome reenforcements from remote quarters, converging upon their pathway? The continuity of the Divine control of the missionary work from first to last assures them that their candlestick shall never cease to receive such mysterions supplies.

In this retrospect of missionary work in Persia and the attempt to calculate its forces for future victories, there is no inclination to deny

that there are some dark features in the outlook-barriers of serious magnitude. Moslem fanaticism is one of them. But the faith-filled Zerubbabels of a near generation will most certainly see this mountain become a plain. The incursion of the Russian Church and Russian political power is another baffling factor. But we feel sure that the Divine strategy which held back this irruption of gross formality, superstition, and repression until Protestant missions had got well intrenched on the soil will not allow these new conditions to prevent the final triumph of a pure Christianity. Protestant missions may meet reverses, bu t not the eternal Kingdom of our Lord Jesus.

It is no dream-work that recognizes in this mission history the Divine ladder reaching from earth to the open heavens, whither the angels of God are ascending with human prayers and offerings, and descending as Divine providences for the guidance and inspiration of the favored cross-bearers in dreary lands. If there be a spiritual world outside of this where we live, its reality has nowhere been more impressively demonstrated than in the toils and hopes of the foreign mIssIOnary. And the Persian missionary field has enjoyed its full share of the evidences. It is "by these things men live" in the missionary service, and by these shall they win the world to Christ.

THE EVOLUTION OF A CHINESE BOXER REV. JOHN ROSS, D.D., MUKDEN, MANCHURIA Missionary of the Scotch Presbyterian Church "I will give you the ascension" is the phrase with which a man offers to initiate another into Boxerdom. The speaker is a senior, preferably a teacher addressing a pupil, or a master or other employer addressing a junior subordinate. Almost invariably the person to be initiated is a young lad of from fourteen to twenty years of age. If he is willing he is made to stand, each foot on the sign of a cross, facing southeast. The tips of each forefinger and thumb are brought together to form a circle. The other fingers are folded back on each other toward the forefinger. These apertures the novice places against his eyes, which, however, he is told to close. They remain closed during the whole process.

The teacher then goes to the side of the youth speaking gently towards the ear: Strike heaven, heaven's door opens; Strike earth, earth's door comes. Wishing to attain the Spirit-Fist ability You have but to invite the teacher.

·In Chinese the rhyme and rhythm are in five syllables. After repeating the rhyme the teacher breathes into the ear. He then goes to the other side, performing the same ceremony. He goes from side to side, repeating the entire process continuously, till the youth sud-

THE EVOLUTION OF A CHINESE BOXER

denly throws up his arms and falls backward to the "ground in a swoon.

While on his back some one asks him, "Who are you?" He replies, his eyes still closed, giving the name of one of the numerous shen or inferior deities of China. This shen is supposed to be incarnated in the youth while he is in his ecstatic condition, and he is afterward known by the name of the spirit; he is, in fact, a medium.

In a little while he is able to stand np, but his eyes remain closed. He begins furiously to fling his arms about in wild gesticulations, Boxer fashion. He strikes violently against whatever comes in his way. He is indifferent to wounds thus inflicted. His knuckles may be cut and his hands bleeding, but he performs in the same wild manner. At length a bystander goes up to him, and with the opened palm of his hand strikes him a smart slap on the forehead, saying aloud to the spirit, "Return." The youth opens his eyes and looks around him. On being asked what were his experiences, he replies that he "does not know." He is his usual self till the same exercises are repeated, when he becomes again blind, wild, and insensible to his surroundings.

After several days he is able to keep his eyes open. He then becomes a perfect Boxer. After every trance he shouts or yells in an inhuman voice, terrifying to the hearers, "Slta I" (Kill!) " Shao I" (Burn). " Kill the demon and burn his belongings! "

During the first few trances a cotton girdle is given' him, which he whirls about like a rope. Then he receives a millet stalk reed, which he flings about like a sword. When his eyes are open and he is "accomplished," he has a real sword of a formidable nature given him.

'rhis sword is supposed to have a magical character and supernatural qualities. It recognizes – or smells (?)-a foreigner, or any native connected with the foreigner. This sword is believed t.o fly at this hateful foreign thing and cut off its head. Unquestionably many of the foolish youths believed in this power of scrutiny, with the result that many were beheaded as Christians who knew nothing of Christianity, and some Christians passed the ordeal unscathed. My own belief is that evidence of fear was regarded as assurance of guilt. Some Christians against whose neck the sharp edge of the sword was laid, showing no signs of fear, were allowed to go without a word asked. Questions were not required in these cases of extreme enthusiasm. The test of the eye was enough.

The novices who passed through this process say that for a time they feit nothing. Some, when under the operation for a long time, were found to be incapable of receiving the spirit-influence. But these, when permitted to open their eyes, mentioned that they felt "stupid," which is easily accounted for by their long mental and physical strain in one position. Others did not feel even stupid. But

those who were the" elect" had a totally different experience. For a time there was no effect whatever. But after a period of greater or less duratioll-each individual being influenced differently-the con- tinuous chantings and breathings produced a tingling sensation at the heels ·which gradually crept up the leg and the spine. When it touched the back of the lleck the youth fell down-the process was ~ complete.

All this goes to show that Boxerism is another name for what has under many descriptions deceived the foolish for centuries. It appeared even among the solid Anglo-Saxons lately as spiritualism and recently as hypnotism, and under other names.

The completed Boxer unbinds his long pig-tail and ties a red piece of cloth on his head. He has red trousers and special boots. He wields his formidable sword in a special way, and delights in blood as did the frenzied executioners in the dark days of the French Revo- lution.

He was univerrlally believed to be able to distinguish a Ohristian at a glance. On the head of the applicant for baptism he saw three drops of glistening water; on the forehead of the baptized Ohristian, above and between the eyes, he saw the sign of the cross as if burnt into the skin; and in the same place in the matured Ohristian he saw the image of Ohrist. Not only did the pagan population believe all this almost without an exception, but not a few of our less-instructed Ohristians, of whQm necessarily there are very many, were in mOl'e or less serious doubt as to the supernatural powers of the youth who lorded it over officials and people for a considerable period.

One of our Mukden Ohristians informed me that when he wafl escaping he suddenly, on the highway, came across a band of Boxers in their flaming garments and with their bared swords. One sprang before him like a wild beast, his eyes blazing like a madman, and the great sharp sword raised to strike. Thus he glared into the eyes of the Ohristian without a word or a movement. He then said: "He is not a Ohristian, he may go." '1'he man told me he experienced no fear. Indeed, nothing has surprised me more in the numerous stories I have heard than the absolute lack of fear on the part of large numbers of our Ohristians when they believed, as in this case, any moment might cut off their heads. The number I have already seen who were sentenced to death and escaped, by what seems to them a miracle and the immediate interposition of God, is very great. The fearlessness they all ascribe to the" merciful work of God."

The Boxers for the time being ceased to be human beings. In Mukden lads of fourteen and fifteen were seen going through the streets with a bleeding sword in one hand and a bleeding man's head in the other. It w&s certainly the hour and the power of darkness. "Forty days of temptation had the Ohurch, as had our Lord," I have heard repeatedly. For that was the period of the mad reign of the Boxers, when every official-from the viceroy down-and every authority had to bow before those youths. But at length the immense proportion of wicked scoundrels who made the movement their tool not only robbed all who could be in any way ~ccused of friendship with the foreigner, but demanded arms and used threats. Then the viceroy ordered the soldiers against them, and in a few days their power was gone and many of their leaders were executed. Then came the Russians and deliverance to the Ohristians.

LI HUNG CHANG AND CHRISTIAN MISSIONS

LI HUNG CHANG AND CHRISTIAN MISSIONS * BY ROBERT E. SPEER, NEW YORK It is not possible to believe that Li Hung Chang did not truly desire the improvement of his country. He was entitled, of course, to form his own judgment of what would be good and what evil, and he was right in thinking of tJhina first an.d foreign powers second; but he was also earnest in desiring to see China awakened from her lethargy and death, and adopt- ing so much of Western civil- ization as would fit her for self-defense in commerce and in war. Furthermore, it is not possible to discredit his ex- pressions of appreciation of· the work of Christian missions in helping his countrymen.

This appreciation was not a recent thing. It was in 1879 that he became interested in Dr. Mackenzie, of the London Missionary Society, through the cure of his wife under Dr.

Mackenzie's care; and he not only gave liberally to Dr. Mac- kenzie's medical work, but he aided in establishing a medical school, urged the starting of a LI HUNG CHANG va c c i n e establishment, and seemed to understand, as Mackenzie thought, "the purpose and object of the missionary's life"; and he adds, "In giving me the free use of his name, and taking upon himself the support of the work, His Excellency knows I am a Christian missionary and will make use of every oppor- tunity for the furtherance of the Gospel."

About the same time that Li Hung Chang was becoming interested in medical missions, he gained a new insight into the charitable spirit of the missionary work as. he saw it relieving the sufferings of thousands of starving Chinese in the great famines of 1876–78. How he felt toward the missionaries and others who had contributed t9 the relief of the suffering was indicated in the letter sent,at Li Hung Chang's instruction, by the Chinese minister in London to Lord Salisbury, on October 14, 1878: The noble philanthropy which heard, in a far-distant country, the cry of suffering, and hastened to its assistance, is too signal a recognition of the common brotherhood of humanity ever to be forgotten, and is not a mere passing response to a generous emotion, but a continued effort, persevered in, until, in sending the welcome rain, Heaven gave the assuring promise of returning plenty. and the sign that the brotherly succor was no longer required.

This letter closed with an expression of gratitude to "the various missionary societies who inaugurated the China Famine Fund."

* Conden$ed from The Sunday-school Time$.

In many ways the great viceroy has expressed his sympathy with the missionaries. He had an exceptional opportunity for doing this when he visited the United States in 1896, and received a deputation from the American missionary societies at the Hotel Waldorf on September 1st. In behalf of the societies an address was presented by the Rev. Dr. l<~. F. Ellinwood, and, after it had been read, the viceroy's reply through his interpreter was: Gentlemen: It affords me great pleasure to acknowledge the grateful welcome to this country offered to me by you as the representatives of the various boards and societies who have engaged in China in exchanging our ideas of the greatest of all truths which concern the immortal destinies of men.

In the name of my august master, the Emperor of China, I beg to tender to you his best thanks for your approval and appreciation for the protection afforded to the American missionaries in China. What we have done, and how little we have done on our part, is nothing but the duties of our government, while the missionaries, as you have so ably exprebsed, have not sought for pecuniary gains at the hands of our people. They have not been secret emissaries of diplomatic schemes.

Their labors have no political significance, and the last, not the least, if I might be permitted to add, they have not interfered with or usurped the rights of the territorial authorities.

In a philosophical point of view, as far as I have been enabled to appreciate, Christianity does not differ much from Confucianism, as the Golden Rule is expressed in a positive form in another. Logically speaking, whether these two forms of expressing the same truth cover exactly the same ground or not, I leave it to the investigations of those who have more philosophical tastes. It is, at the present, enough to con- clude that there exists not much difference between the wise sayings of the two greatest teachers, on the foundations of which the whole struc- ture of the two systems of morality is built. A man is composed of soul, intellect, and body; I highly appreciate t,hat your eminent Boards, in your arduous and much-esteemed work in the field of China, have neg- lected none of the three. I need not say much about the first, being an unknowable mystery of which our greatest ,Confucius had only an active knowledge. As for intellect, you have started numerous educational establishments which have served as the best means to enable our countrymen to acquire a fair knowledge of the modern arts and sciences of the West. As for the material part of our constitution, your societieH have started hospitals and dispensaries to save not only the soul, but also the bodies, of our countrymen. I have also to add that in the time of famine, in some of the provinces, you have done your best to the greatest number of the sufferers to keep their bodies and souls together.

Before I bring my reply to a conclusion I have only two things to mention.

The first, the opium-smoking, being a great curse to the Chinese population, your societies have tried your best not only as anti-opium societies, but to afford the best means to stop the craving for the opium; and also you receive none as your converts who are opium-smokers.

I have to tender, in my own name, my best thanks for your most effective prayers to God to spare my life when it was imperiled by the assassin's bullet, and for your most kind wishes which you have just now so ably expressed in the interests of my sovereign, my country and people.

The memory of this meeting remained with Li Hung Chang. Tn the :rollowing spring he gave to the Rev. Gilbert Reid a letter of approva.l of his special missionary work, in which he recalled his American friends, and also spoke of his hope that China might be willing to receive some of the light that was pouring from the West. He wrote: It is ~mfortunately true that suspicion, prejudice, and self-sufficiency are peculiar traits of educated Chinese, especially noticeable in their

FOREIGN DEVILS IN CHINA

estimation of other countries-perhaps because of the isolation of China from Western influence for so many centuries; but whatever may be the cause, lamentable effect is seen in the present backward state of China among the nations of the world.

The social, educational, and official systems of China have tended to give to the educated class control of the destinies of the nation. Whether such a monopoly of power be good or bad need not now be considered; it exists, and the practical question is, how to turn it into beneficent and useful channels. . . • Unquestionably, if you can give to the blind leaders of our people light and learning enjoyed in the West, they, in turn, will lead our people out of their darkness. I think I may claim to have many friends in the United States, where you now go. The cordial reception I met with wherever I went there made a deep impression upon my heart, and has greatly endeared your people to me. If it would interest them to know that I regard you highly, and give you a helping hand in your future efforts to bring more light into the world and encourage higher aims for human aspirations, you may use for that pur- pose this letter from Your friend, LI HUNG CHANG, Senior Guardian of the Heir-Apparent; Classical Reader of His Majesty the Emperor; Semor Grand Secretary of State; Minister of the Foreign Office, and Earl of the First Rank.

During the recent troubles in China the great viceroy was not unnaturally bitter against the West, and it would not have been sur- prising if he had, in his general anger, spoken harshly of the missionaries too. But his judgments were in the main just to them, and he never blamed the missionaries for the uprising.

And now the great man is gone,* and his people burned their foolish paper images about his house, to supply his spirit with all things necessary to its comfort in the unknown world to which it has gone.

Doubtless he himself would have wished to have it so. With all his enlightenment he was a Chinese still. The standards of his life were the standards of China, and he would not have wished to be separated from his people in the manner of his death and burial. If he never really sympathized with or understood the religious significance of Christian missions, he at least appreciated their noble spirit of unselfishness and kindness, and gave to his appreciation more than one expression that we must believe was sincere.

FOREIGN DEVILS IN CHINAt BY MARY M. FITCH, SHANGHAI, CHINA"

What foreigners have done in China in connection with opium and lotteries is too large a question to touch upon at this time, but during these days when social purity and the new Rescue Home are prominently before the people of Shanghai, I wish to say a few words along this line of thought.

Do we foreigners realize what we have done and are doing to make Shanghai the sink of iniquity that it is? We scatter broadcast over these settlements, and from here into the country at large, such pictures and advertisements as should make u~ all ashamed. The worst ones are all of foreign women, and, as we send them out, we say to these heathen Chinese, who have far more Christian ideas in this respect than we have, that we care not what the world thinks of our women. We put her forth into the glare of the world's broad sunlight, we set her up before millions *Li Hung Chang died in Peking on November 7,1901: t Condensed from the North Ohina Herald.

of curious eyes, and say, Here is our foreign woman, dressed or undressed, it is all the same to us. Look at her. Think of her as you will. We are so anxious to have you buy our cigarettes and come to our theaters and circuses that we are willing to expose our women in any way you like best. We post all over this settlement a life-sized picture of an American (?) girl smoking a cigarette, hoping to get the Chinese (girl, I suppose) to follow her example. We scatter picture cards by millions, even begging shopkeepers to give them away when they sell their-goods, if only we may bring to the notice of a few more thousands of these heathen Chinese how anxious we are to have them purchase our cigars, and how lightly we value the hopor of our foreign women.

About ten years ago, when the large cigarette advertisement pictures began to be so plentiful in Shanghai, I was going frequently to the home of one of our Christians to teach his wife to read. To my sorrow I found one day two of these hung up in their guest-room. I told them at once how very sorry I was to see them there. The old mother in the family, herself a Christian, said: ""Vhy, my son has just bought them. He thought they were very ornamental." Said I: "If that cluster of women were Chinese women and dressed, or rather undressed, in that fashion, would you have them in your room for one moment p" She seemed horrified at the idea. "Well," said I, "I am a foreign woman and they are foreign women, and I am ashamed to look at them." On my next visit they had disappeared, and on my remarking upon it the mother said: "As soon as I told my son what you said he decided that they must go at once." Another time; when visiting another Chinese lady friend, I found a picture exposed just in front of her front doorway that was one of the worst I ever saw. As two little boys were with me I did not like to speak of it, but on their leaving just before me I motioned to the women that it ought not to be there. Fearing I had not been strong enough in my disapproval, I sought out her husband the next day and told him that picture ought not to be in their home. He thanked me for speaking to him about it, and said that a few days previously their son had purchased some cloth, and the shopkeepers had given him this picture. Do the cigarette companies pay these shopkeepers for thus distributing their advertisements P How does all this make us appear in the eyes of the Chinese? I don't wonder they call us "foreign devils." I think it is a very appropriate form of address. Foreign gentlemen take their wives and daughters to dinner at the hotels and private residences in Shanghai clad in such. a manner as makes the Chinese servants, at first, ashamed to wait upon them. Alas! they get used to it all too soon. Plays are put upon the theater boards that no women or young girl ought to see, to say nothing of their fathers and brothers, and occasionally some of the Chinese officials and gentry go in to see what we foreigners consider entertaining. We blazon forth our sham-e, or our utter loss of the sense of shame, to them, and they may smile a sickly smile at the time, but they go away to despise us jn their hearts. And no wonder! I am glad they do.

Sir Robert Hart never wrote a truer thing than he wrote recently about the sensitiveness of the Chinese nature. They are superior to us in this trait, and we sin against it beyond telling. Some of the Chinese think very slightingly of us foreigners, and we certainly deserve no better at their hands.

MORMONISM AND PURITY

MORMONISM AND PURITY* BY WILLIAM R. CAMPBELL, SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH The bearing of Mormonism upon the great purity problem which is confronting the nation to-day is of such importance that it can not wisely be ignored, much less can we afford to entertain and promulgate false views upon the subject.

Mormonism does not propose to be ignored, and can not be ignored. It is pushing its way into every county, city, town, village, and hamletin the land. It is invading our churches and our homes, and proselyting many of the fairest and best. It is putting its hands upon the ballot-box and controlling the political destinies of states. One state it entirely owns, and six other states and territories it demoralizes by its balance-ofpower methods, while it hopes soon to gain enough proselytes to enable it, through its colonizing schemes, to gain control of the politics of enough additional states to enable it forever to prevent the ratification of an anti-polygamy constitutional amendment. The Mormons are as wise as serpents in their use of the balance-of-power principle. Instead of voting all one way, they divide their votes between the parties, giving to the favored party just enough to insure victory, but not enough to show their hand openly, unless it becomes absolutely necessary.

Having succeeded in safeguarding polygamy against a constitutional amendment, they then hope to fasten it upon us forever, as one of the permanent institutions of our country. They will not call it polygamy, but they will call it plural or celestial marriage, which is all the same thing, except that on account of its religious sanctions, which curb the consciences of men, it has degenerated intq a lower and more degrading type than any heathen polygamy which the world has ever seen. They of course claim that it is a higher and a heavenly order of marriage, as much higher than the ordinary sensualism of the world as heaven is higher than hell. But I am speaking now about facts as they exist and not about their claims.

It is self-evident that the Mormons can not stand for social purity as we understand it, for their teaching and' practise of polygamy are diametrically opposed to our idea of the purity and integrity of the home, as much so as is the brothel; but polygamy aside, we must give them credit for teaching and advocating social purity as they understand it. What, then, is their idea of social purity, and how do they seek to secure it? The Mormon idea of purity is based upon their idea of God and their idea of sex. They believe that the sexual relation existed in eternity, before our world was created, that God Himself lives in the marriage relation with His heavenly wives, by whom He is begetting spiritual offspring; that our spirits are His offspring in the same sense in which our bodies are the offspring of our earthly fathers. They believe, moreover, that God was once a man, and became God by the right use of His sexual powers, as it is possible for other men to do. Joseph Smith taught that "God Himself was once as we are now, and is an exalted man, and sits enthroned in yonder heavens." He also said: Here, then, is eternal life-to know that only wise and true God, and * Condensed from an address delivered by Mr, Campbell before the National Purity Con· vention, Chicago, October 8, 1901.

you have got to learn how to become gods yourselves, and to become kings and priests unto God, the same as all gods have done before you.

This doctrine has been taught by every Mormon prophet, priest, and elder since his day. B. H. Roberts, in "New Witness for God," endorsed by the Mormon Ch.urch an~ first published in 1895, tells how this is done.

What a revelation here! As I have remarked elsewhere, instead of the Godgiven power of procreation being one of the chief things that is to pass away, it is one of the chief means of man's exaltation and glory in that great eternity which, like an endless vista, stretches out before him! Through it man attains to the glory of the endless increase of eternal lives, and the right of presiding as priest and patriarch, king and lord, over his ever-inl'reasing posterity. Instead of the commandment "Be fruitful, and multiply and replenish the earth" being an unrighteous law, it is one by means of which the race of the gods is to be perpetuated, and is as holy and as pure as the commandment" Repent and be baptized." .Through that law, in connection with an observance of all the other laws of the Gospel, man will yet attain unto the power of the Godhead, and like his Father-God-his chief glory will be to bring to pass the eternal life and happiness of his posterity.* What I have said will enable us to consider intelligently the Mormon theory of life and purity, and the practical workings of that theory.

I. The Mormon Theory of Life and Purity According to the Mormon theory of life, it is one of man's chief duties in this world to live in the marriage relation and beget many children, and thus furnish bodies for the spiritual offspring which God is all the time begetting through cohabitation with His heavenly wives. They teach that everyone who commits adultery thus prostitutes the powers which God has given to man and woman with which to cooperate with Deity in peopling this planet with His so-called spiritual children, who may, in turn, become gods.

They teach that there must be no prevention or destruction of offspring, because such acts are great sins against God. Such crimes are, in their minds, also great sins against the unborn spirits, who are thus deprived of bodies, and all possibility of development and exaltation.

Incidentally, this thought furnishes one of their strongest arguments for polygamy, aside from their alleged revelation upon the subject. They believe that since there has been so much destruction of bodily life through crime, war, pestilence and famine, and since so many men are unfitted for fatherhood, myriads of the alleged spiritual offspring of God have been deprived of bodies, and thus prevented from entering upon this earthly life, which is the door of entrance upon a career which may lead to godhood. They therefore believe that it is highly important that all good men and women should marry and have offspring, so as to make up, as far as possible, for the loss sustained by unembodied spirits in the past.

The Mormons believe that adultery should be punished by death, and have often so taught. They are all the time pointing to and decrying the evils which exist in our large cities denouncing the prevention and destruction of life among the aristocracy, as well as the social evil among the degraded. They do this to such an extent that I do not wondel' that many superficial men and women get the impression that, * "New Witness for God," pp. 461 and 462.

MORMONISM: AND PURITY

as a matter of course, the Mormon people who are not practical polygamists are the cleanest and purest people in the world.

This is briefly the Mormon theory in regard to social purity. The question is, how does the theory work in practise? While no true Christian can have any possible respect for their idea of God, or their theory of life, yet there are thousands of people who 'vill say, and properly say, if it is true that their theory works better tha.l ours, let us not oppose them too strenuously until we can find a theory which will produce results which are at least equally as good. The Mormons have so much confidence in their theory that they boldly claim that, if it were carefully and honestly put into practise by mankind, it would not only serve as an effective remedy for the social evil, but that it would result in the physical, intellectual and moral elevation of the race, and lead to the final exaltation of man. Of course, those who make such claims' must produce the proof, which I hereby challenge them to do. In the mean time I shall give you the results of my own careful investigatiQns in regard to the matter.

II. The Practical Workings of the Mormon Theory My observation and study of the question extends over a period of fifteen years. I have regularly read three Utah daily papers, one of them the Deseret News, the official organ of the Mormon Church. I have carefully studied their literature, and read their history from the viewpoint of both friends and foes. I have talked face to face with over one hundred and forty Mormon elders engaged in regular mission work, and visited many of the people among whom they operate, and have kept in touch with Eastern converts to the Mormon faith. I have tried honestly and faithfully to get at the real truth in regard to the effect of Mormonism upon its devotees; and from my observation and experience I am compelled to say that the Mormon theory has been a disastrous failure from the first. There are many potent reasons for such failure.

I. The Mormon theory breaks down because it has no fixed standard of righteousness by which 'to measure their actions. Their god, having been once a man as we are now, and being only an exalted man to-day, has been finite and changeable from the first. The Mormons claim that by holding up before men the idea that it is possible for them to become-. gods they are giving them a more powerful incentive to earnest effort for improvement and advancement; but, as a matter of fact, they have " changed the glory of the uncorruptible God into an image like unto corruptible man" (Rom. i : 23), and untold demoralization has been the result. Instead of striving to grow like God in holiness and purity of character, they have brought God down to their level, and have sacrilegiously besmeared Him over with the slime and filth of their own sensuality, and have thus" changed the truth of God into a lie, and worshiped and served the creature more than the Creator." "Wherefore God also gave them up to uncleanness through the lusts of their own hearts, to dishonor their own bodies between themselves."

2. The Mormon theory of purity has always fail~d, because there is no high purpose in its appeal. Their talk on social purity has always seemed to me too much like "sounding brass and a tinkling cymbal," since their appeals have always been flavored with apologies for polygamy.

The tendency toward the "social evil" is, however, far greatEr among the people who have been testing this method of "preventing" it than among any other class of people than I have ever known. The houses of prostitution in Utah are fiIfing up with Mormon girls, and they are supplying inmates for such houses for aJl the surrounding region of country, including Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and Nevada.

3. The Mormon theory of purity is all the time discussed among all classes of Mormon people-even among the children-in the home, on the street, in the day-schools, and even in the Sunday-schools. Whatever may be their religious conviction in regard to the matter, the fact is that the old lechers living in polygamy are all the time conscious that they are themselves prompted by the basest sensuality, and therefore feel the need of apologizing for their conduct, even to their own children. Mere boys are all the time told that out in the world where there is no polygamy there is no purity; that polygamy is the divine order, the order of heaven; that it was not only commanded by God, in a revelation given through Joseph Smith, but that it was sanctioned by the Bible; that all great men of all time practised polygamy, and that the law of plural marriage is so indelibly stamped upon human nature that the social evil must break out whenever polygamy is prohibited. Social impurity is rampant among the older boys and girls of the schools. Forced marriages are the rule in many of the towns. These things are rumored about a Mormon town all the time, so much so that we can not live among the people without coming to believe them. If those misguided but well-meaning Eastern people who apologize for their Mormon friends but knew the real facts, which could easily be ascertained by anyone living quietly. and passively in any Mormon town for a little while, I am sure they would never again utter one word of apology for Mormon social conditions. I would much prefer to have my children grow up in the Tenderloin District of New York City than in an atmosphere where they would all the time see and hear the things which are seen and heard in a Mormon town where Mormonism flourishes without restraint. I have known of Mormon paren ts who expected'to live and die in the Mormon faith, but who sent their children to outside schools and Sabbathschools until their characters should grow strong enough to endure the moral strain of Mormon teaching.

4. But, you will inquire, are not the women sincere in their polygamous faith and practises? Yes, indeed, the women are sincere; this is the most awful fact about the whole situation. Women have no selfish end to gain by polygamy. They suffer all for what they believe to be a great principle. Their very suffering daily increases their sincerity and their fanaticism. The history of Mormonism has again and again proved, and is proving to-day, that women who can not be moved to yield to the lusts of beastly men by appeals to their personal interests-who would even die in defense of their honor-can be influenced to yield to appeals in behalf of the alleged baby spirits which they are made to think' are hovering around them, praying, longing even to the point of despair, while waiting for mothers to give them bodies and homes in which to rest from their weary wanderings, some of whom may have already been waiting thousands of years for such relief, because ~o many women of the past have failed to do their duty. The mothers of this fait· land, who are given to despising the unfortunate polygamous women of Utah,

THE IDEAL MISSIONARY MEETING

should be on their guard lest their own daughters be caught in the same toils.

Let us arise, in the majesty of our splendid American citizenship, and submit and ratify the proposed anti-polygamy constitutional amendment as soon as Oongress and the Legislature can act, and thus forever rid the country of this monstrous and debasing iniquity, which was, at the first, inspired by lechery, and which has disgraced and cursed our land for full threescore years and tEn, while it has paved its way with the skeletons of unborn infants, and sent ten thousand brokenhearted women to welcome tho untimely graves.

THE IDEAL MISSIONARY MEETING * No missionary society can do its best work without high ideals. The perfection sought may never be fully attained, but the higher the aim the greater the achievement. In every missionary meeting there are four things to be considered–preparation, place, people, and program.

PREPARATION.-Back of the ideal missionary meeting must be ideal preparation, for such missionary meetings do not "just grow." They are the result of hard work and earnest, intelligent, prayerful planning. Every detail concerning the program, the place of meeting, the announcement from pulpit or press, the personal invitation to newcomers, must be carefully considered beforehand, and nothing forgotten.

PLAcE.–,-The placE' in which a missionary meeting is held has much to do with maKing it ideal or otherwise. There has been a growing tendency in recent years to hold the meetings in private houses, and in many instances this has resulted in a large increase of attendance. Ohurch parlors are not always bright and cheerful, and meetings held in them are apt to borrow coldness from the barren walls and stiffness from the formal rows of straight-backed chairs. A transformation can be easily wrought by rearranging the chairs in some manner suggestive of sociability, by hanging missionary maps, charts, and pictures on the walls, and by bringing in fresh flowers, and curios from missionary lands.

PEOPLE.-It is impossible to have an ideal meeting without people, and plenty of them. Not that small meetings are unprofitable; indeed, they are often full of spiritual power, and mighty in result. But there is enthusiasm in numbers, and a small meeting that ought to be a large one, and could be with a little effort, is certainly not ideal. But it is not enough for people to be present at a missionary meeting-they must be pleasant ItS well, ready to greet one another with a cordial handshake and a friendly word. Otherwise the meeting will not be ideal, for there is nothing in the world so depressing as a company of icebergs in a Ohristian church.

THE PROGRAM.-But, after all, the program is the most important part about a missionary meeting. Here are ten points to be considered: 1. The Leader.-Oarlyle says: "Let him who would move and convince others be first moved and convinced himself." The ideal leader, therefore, should be an earnest, consecrated Ohristian, full of the spirit of missions, able to inspire others with love for the work.

*Condensed from The Missionary Life and Light. 2. The Length.-An ideal missionary program must not be too long; ordinarily an hour and a half is sufficient. Papers and discussions should be strictly limited in time; otherwise they are apt to become exceedingly wearisome by reason of their length.

3. The Transaction of Business.-Long-drawn-out business discussions are fatal to a missionary meeting. In the ideal society business is reduced to a minimum and disposed of promptly, all matters of importance having been first discussed by the Executive Committee.

4. The Aim.-In every battle, owing to random shooting, there is a great waste of ammunition. It is said that but one bullet in a thousand hits the enemy, and but one in ten thousand proves fatal. There is the same waste in missionary meetings, largely because our missionary shot is fired without definite aim. Is it not true that sometimes the Scriptures are read and prayers are offered largely because it is the proper thing to do? In the ideal meeting every number on the program has a special mission, having been chosen with definite aim of interesting people and of inducing them to pray for the work, to give liberally of their time and. money, or go personally to the foreign field.

5. The Scripture Lesson.-In the ideal missionary meeting the Bible is used as the "sword of the Spirit," the all-powerful Word of God. Especial study should be given to the Scriptural foundations on which missionary operations rest: the" Great Commission" as recorded in the four Gospels and the book of Acts; the rewards promised to those who take up missionary work, and the danger of neglecting it; and the great promises and prophecies by which the ultimate triumph of world-wide missions is assured.

6. Praye1'.-In the ideal missionary meeting there is much prayer, not only in connection with the devotional service, but at intervals during the entire meeting. There should be more real praying for specific things. It was said of Gossner that during his life he "prayed open both hearts and pocketbooks; prayed up the walls of a hospital; prayed mission stations into being." Missionary societies may pray workers into the field, courage into the hearts of missionaries, money into empty treasuries, and heathen souls into the kingdom of God. Too little use is made of silent prayer, which engages all hearts in a way that audible petitions sometimes fail to do.

7. MusiC.-Music is an important factor in the ideal meeting. While it is well occasionally to arrange for special numbers in the way of appropriate solos or duets, the music should largely consist of congregational singing.

8. The Study of Missions.-To be ideal, the papers, discussions, etc., which form the main body of the program should deal not. only with the work of the denomination to which the society belongs, but also with general missionary history, giving broad expansive views of worldwide and centuries-long missionary effort.

9. Living Links.-An ideal program always includes something that will bring the home worker in close and sympathetic touch with the missionary on the field. An ideal way of doing this is in vogue in the First Oongregational Church of Springfield, Ohio. To each member of the society a missionary is assigned. In response to roll-call the members give the names of their missionaries and items of interest about their work. The plan works admirably.

10. Fresh Material.-A prominent educator has given a word of advice to teachers which may well be heeded by missionary leaders. Be says: "Let your pupils drink from a running stream; even animals will not drink from a stagnant poo!." The ideal missionary program presents only bright, fresh, up-to-date missionary materia!.

SOME FURTHER SUGGESTIONS * BY HELEN A. PHELPS We all find it difficult to live up to our ideals and often fall far short, but that is no good reason why we should not have a high ideal for a missionary meeting as well as for other things, and strive to reach this conception.

First: There should be careful preparation on the part of the leader appointed. She should have due notice of this appointment and ample time to make out her program.

Second: There should be hearty concurrence between the leader and those asked to take part. If a person be requested to read or recite, or to write a paper, tho the task may seem beyond her power she should try to do the best she can, trusting in the Lord for strength. If we are inspired by His Spirit, we can do great things. But let us be careful in all our preparation that the glory be given to God and not to ourselves.

Third: ~ee that each member has some little part given her to do, so that she may feel that she is necessary to the meeting. The more we work for an object, the more we love that object. Some of us may think we have so many other duties that we can not give the time to search maps, missionary incidents and annals, and to write papers; but we owe it to ourselves to give a little time to the improvement of our minds, and we know of no better way to improve intellectually than by such study.

Fourth: Another point is the necessity for each one to do a thing when she agrees to do it, unless prevented by such a reason as she can give to her Master. Think what a disappointment it is to a leader, after careful thought to prepare a program, to have those on whom she depends fail at the appointed hour.

Fifth: Punctuality is one of the points of a good meeting. We ought to begin on time, close on time, and not allow ourselves to visit until after the close of the meeting.

Lastly, for an "ideal meeting" we must love the work of saving the world. We must pray for it, and have our hearts full of the subject. If we expect the Lord Jesus to meet with us, we must seek His presence, and then, indeed, we shall be blessed.

* Condensed from Woman's Work/or Vroman. EDITORIALS Christianity. True and False- Prayer for Students Am I Christian in deed, or. in For several years the Christian student movements of the world name only? have united in observing the second Sunday of February as a Universal The late Earl Cairns, twice Lord Day of Prayer for Students. This day has been attended with most Chancellor of Great Britain, and gratifying spiritual results in all parts of the world. The General one of the most devout and godly Committee of the World's Student Christian Federation calls upon all men which the empire produced in Christian student organizations, and upon Christians in general, to the century past, spoke the follow- observe Sunday, February 9, 1902, as a day of special prayer on behalf ing words in Exeter Hall in March, of students.

1881, twenty years ago, to the The past few years have witness- ed an unprecedented multiplication Young Men's Christian Associa- of Christian student organizations and a world-wide extension of the tion. They are worthy to be writ- student Christian movement. The difficulties and perils in the pathten in letters of gold: way of the student movement are many, subtle, and great. Prayer May I venture earnestly and af- is an essential factor in removing fectionately to say to every young all these hindrances. The opporman who hears me, that true and tunities for usefulness which to-day vital religion is not merely a bond confront the student movement in to bind together an association, or every land are greater and more even a church; but that it involves inspiring than ever. God alone can and it requires, in each individual, enable us to recognize and improve A SEPARATE, REAL, PERSONAL these opportunities. TRANSACTION BETWEEN THE INDI- VIDUAL AND HIS SAVIOR; and, The committee suggest the foluntil that transaction is adjusted lowing grounds for thanksgiving: and settled satisfactorily, there can Thanksgiving that the Christian come to that individual no real students of the world are united in peace, no real happiness, no real spirit and in effort to make Christ energy for that which is good, no King; that in all parts of the world real power to resist that which is there is a growing interest in the evil. And, believe me, all else is study of the Word of God; that nothing in comparison with this. during the past year there have Your advancement in life, your been spiritual awakenings among health, your recreation, your trade, students in some of the most your business, your reputation, difficult fields-for example, Belyour position in society, the esteem gium, Italy, Russia-and a deepenof your fellow men-all these are ing sense of responsibility for the important in their way, but they evangelization of the world. are nothing, absolutely, literally nothing, in comparison with the an- Objects for intercession are sugswer to this all-important question: gested as follows: That in all coun- " Am I, not merely, a Christian in tries there may be an increase in name, or the member of a Christian association; but have I a real, iV– dividual, personal knowledge of Christ as my Savior -and my Godl"

It was this thought which dom- inated Lord Cairns'life, and when he was dying, sitting up in bed and gasping for breath, he said to those gathered about him: "You will all have to come to this hour.· Let me charge you if in this hour you would have perfect peace, let noth- ing come between you and Christ."

EDITORIALS

the number of men who feel a we could not have foreseen. In burden of personal responsibility June so great an authority as Dr. for winning students to Christ; Arthur H. Smith, of North China, that the missionary spirit in the wrote me personally that it is universities of Christian lands may doubtful if missionaries can ever continue to grow; that the student again, or at least for very many movement may result in influenc- years, travel freely in China; but ing students to bring to bear upon already remarkable change appears the social and political problems of to be coming over magistrates and their day the teachings and spirit people. Missionaries return, to be of Christ; that the Christian stu- welcomed heartily. Dr. Hykes, of dents of non-Christian lands may the American Bible Society, has mightily further the evangelization just returned from a visit to North of their own people; that the re- China, and says, "You have come sult;; of the tour of the General Sec- at a very favorable time; it is the retary of the Federation through- eve of great changes in China." out the student centers of the Far This seems a crisis in China such East may be conserved and aug- as came to Japan twenty years mented; and that the next conven- ago, but now to a far greater peotion of the Federation, to be held ple. The empress herself has bein Denmark in August, 1902, may gun to reissue the suppressed reexert a helpful influence on the form edicts of the young emperor spiritual life of the students of all in 1898. Weare told that printinglands. presses are rushed to supply the again rising demand for Western G. C. Morgan's Campaign educational literature. One mis- sionary, more than a thousand Rev. G. Campbell Morgan's miles into the interior of China, preaching campaign, now fairly in has just wired, for immediate use in progress in America, has already his own field, an order for Bibles developed precious results. His which, eight years ago, the society addresses to ministers and students would have deemed an issue suffiat Lane Seminary, Cincinnati, pro- cient to supply the demand in all foundly moved his hearers. Intel- China for five or six years. These lectual vigor is in him wedded to are the exact words of Dr. Hykes devoutness and spiritual fervor to-day. Our hearts are stirred. and a missionary spirit. He is broad and liberal without being The twelve days, from December unsound, and so wins hearers of all shades of credal beliefs. The Gos- 21st to and including January 1st; pel he preaches is alive with verity and spiritual power, and many were set apart for special prayer hope that he will yet visit Japan, India, and other Oriental lands and fasting, in waiting upon God with his life·giving and soul-arousing message. for the laborers, tak!ng by simple Cheering News from China faith the promise, "All these things Mr. Horace W. Houlding writes shall be added unto you." This is from Shanghai, November 16th, very cheering tidings as to China, the great need-men of faith, "full where he and his party had landed of the Holy Ghost and ~f wisdom." two days previous. He says: Mr. Houlding adds: God has been working in a way Such a change-has come that Mr. Stevenson, Deputy Director of the C. I. M. here, says, "This is such a time for the purchase of property in the interior as never was seen before." We prayed for funds for securing immediately property in the twenty central governmental cities for the twenty central sta- tions, and we believe for it and shall move forward in this faith.

If this is to be taken as an indica- tion, the Lord seems to be about to go far beyond the expectation and supplication of His people in open- ing China to a pew diffusiop of the

Gospel, for which two hundred 450 for the number of foreign mis- sionaries is explained by the fact martyrs shed their blood in the re- that 397 is the number, e.cclusive of ordained native agents, while 450 cent massacres. is 397, plus the children of mission- aries not enrolled in any of the Moravian Statistics home congregations; 450 is there- fore merely a round number. On Our readers may have noticed in July 1, 1901, there were 247 men and the article in the last December is- 213 women in our foreign mission service, making a total of 490, but sue, Oll the Moravian Church, some here, again, the ordained natives apparent. discrepancies. For exam- are included. You .are perfectly safe, however, in stating that 400 ple, on page 884, the total member- foreign missionaries are employed ship at home is 96,877, and abroad by the Moravian Church, so that 95,424, and the foreign missionary the number 397 was practically cor- rect. force 397. On page 885, in the offi- Turning now to the question cial statistics, the home member- about the Diaspora, we ourselves are not very clear about the exact ship, exclusive of foreign mission- number. This work is carried on ex c Ius i vel y among the state aries, is 38.209; the missionary force, churches of continental Europe 450, and the total foreign member- without in any way drawing the ship, 96,877. A correspondent, call- people from their allegiance to the state churches, and consequently ing attention to these apparently statistics, as far as I am concerned, conflicting statements, says: are largely guesswork, and 60,000 is In John R. Mott's book, "The as good or as bad a figure as any other. We have not received any Evangelization of the W orId in this Generation," pp. 96-98, he evi- accurate report from our brethren dently figures all comparisons on a beyond the sea for a long time. basis of about 38,000 home members, and says "one in sixty-six of But last year these friends on the the communicant members of their continent of Europe contributed to home churches in Europe and America" are foreign missionaries. our mission work $37,637.98. What is the cause of the apparent I think it would be fair to add discrepancies in the two accounts? Does Mr. Mott omit the Diasp01'a, the membership of the Diaspora, if and, if so, should they not rightfully be included? you can speak of sllch an indefinite quantity as membership, to the As both sets of figures were taken membership of the home provinces from official sources, we have sub- in striking averages or in making mitted these discrepancies to Rev. comparisons with other churches, but then their gifts should of course Paul De Schweinitz and to Prof. J. be likewise added in. Taylor Hamilton, the historian of It is exceedingly difficult to make the Unitas Frab'um, and have re- comparisons between our Church ceived the following explanation, and other churches, because of the ecumenical character of our Church which we append for the sake of and its work, which places us in a exactness and accuracy of state- unique and peculiar position.

ment: From one point of view Mr. Mott The statistics given in quotation is correct in basing his calculation upon a home membership of 38,000, marks on pages 885 and 886 are correct, As to how the discrepancy because, while we draw many of arose, the most naLural explanation our missionaries from our Diaspora is, that on page 884 the 60,000 Dias- membership, yet they are never adpora members are added to the statistics of the home provinces for mitted to mission service until they 1898, which would make t.he figures have actually united with our on page 884 about correct. Dr. Church, and have been under its Hamilton, on pages 885-6, gave the newest figures at his command, care for a varying number of years. those for 1900-38,659 for the home On the other hand, I think that provinces, and 96,877 for the foreign provinces. you are justified in making 98,000 The discrepancy between 397 and the basis of comparisons, because without this Diasporn mission we would not get many of the men that we do.

BOOKS FOR THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY

BOOKS FOR THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY CHINA IN CONVULSION. By Arthur H. Smith. opinions and conclusions. But this Illustrated. 8vo, 760 pp 2 vols. $5.00, is a book of unusual scope and net. Fleming H. Revell 00., N. Y. merit. How it was ever written up so soon after the events it chron- These volumes will be received as icles is a problem. It contains in a classic on the subject of the late all nearly a quarter million words, Boxer outbreak, its causes, con- and they show no marks of undue duct, and consequences. Dr. Smith haste, and the charming illuminis probably as great an authority ative style of this author throws on the matters he discusses as any over the story its peculiar fascinaman in the Celestial Empire. We tion. have been struck with the care and candor exhibited in these splendid We should like to have had more volumes, and the thoroughness space given to the outlook, which is and philosophic insight with which all found in a brief closing chapter they enter into the heart of the of less than seven pages out of theme. Our only regret is that nearly eight hundred. In it Dr. their price puts them beyond the Smith makes no real advance in reach of so many readers. the way of wise suggestion, beyond what might occur to most readers. Dr. Smith keenly traces the Perhaps he felt, as well he might, sources of the antipathy to foreign- that it is too early to do much wise ers, the various causes contributing outlooking, and like Mr. Beecher to its confirmation and increase, feels that "hindsight" is safer such as foreign aggression, conflict than foresight. But there need be between two opposing civilizations little risk in prophesying that this so different in character, the in- book will have a wide reading and trusions of foreign commerce and an interested reading. foreign religion, reaction against reform, fear that the foreigner THE H,STORY OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS. By would prove a usurper, etc. He Gustave Warneck. Edited from the sev· gives perhaps a score of reasons enth German edition by Dr. George Robleading up to the outbreak. Then son. 8vo. $2.00. Fleming H. Revell 00. he shows how it gathered and broke like a storm, and like a storm swept This volume needs no recommimfuriously and wildly over the land. dation. Professor Warneck has He graphically pictures the siege for at least a quarter century been of Peking with its heroic struggles one of the five leading authorities and dark days of almost despair, on missions, and few would dispute and the long waiting and the glad with him the confidence of readers, relief. Then he looks back, and as Dr. George Smith, Dean Vahl, a philosophic historian reviews the Theodore Christlieb, Dr. E. JL whole history and traces both the Bliss, being associated with him in hand of man and the hand of God. the same lines of stUdy. We see the avenging of the massacres in China's humiliation and The first edition of this work was desolation, the catastrophe to the published nineteen years ago, and native Church, and the heroism of has been an admitted authority native Christians; and the outlook ever since. The present volume is for the future closes the second double the size of the first, and not volume. only carries down the history to the present time, but is essentially It would be strange if any reader a new book and not a mere corwholly agrees with all Dr. Smith's rected and revised edition of its predecessor. THE LORE OF CATHAY. By W. A. P. Martin, the adult and the history of the D.D., LL.D. Illustrated. 8vQ, 480 pp. $2.50, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., N. Y. nation. Stories told to them shape 1901. their aims and beliefs, and the This volume is the result of a example set them by parents is life-long study of the Chinese and more potent in determining char- their literature, by the President of acter than all the precepts of the Imperial University. Dr. Mar- Confucius or Buddha. Professor tin is a scholar and a missionary, Headland's books are rather and has already become widely amusing and informing than mis- known by his "Cycle of Cathay," sionary or ethical, but they bring and" Siege of Peking.:' This latest us nearer to the Chinese children product of his pen is, however, and so enable us to help them bet- the best, and will stand as the most ter. * readable and authoritative work on the subject. Dr. Martin not MONTHLY BIBLIOGRAPHY only describes and gives examples CENTENNIAL SURVEY OF FOREIGN MISSIONS. By James S. Dennis. $2.50, net. Flemof the literature of the Chinese, but ing H. Revell CO. 1902.

he reveals their mental character- MISSIONARY SPEAKERS' MANUAL. By A. R. Buckland and J. D. Mullins. 8vo, 368 pp. istics and the mode of education 68. James Nisbet & Co., London. 1901.

which makes the sons and daugh- OUTLINE H,STORY OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS. By Gustav Warneck. (Translated by ters of Sinim what they are. George Robson.) Portraits and maps. 8vo, 364 pp. $2.00. Fleming H. Revell The book is divided into five Co. 1901.

parts, dealing respectively with FIFTY lIbSSIONARY PROGRAMMES. By Belle M. Brain. 16mo. 35 cents. United Society "Chinese Contributions to Arts of Christian Endeavor, Boston. 1901.

and Sciences," "Chinese Litera- CHINA IN CONVULSION. By Arthur H. Smith. Illustrated. 2 vols., 8vo, 760 pp. $500, ture," "Religion and Philosophy," nd. Fleming H. Revell Co., N. Y. 1901.

"Education in China," and" Stud- TOKYO M,RSIONARY CONFERENCE. 1900. Illus- trated. 8vo, 1,048 pp. 11ethodist Pubies in Chinese History." Every lishing House, Tokyo. 1901.

section contains revelations as to ADVENTURES IN TIBET. By William Carey. Illustrated. 12mo, 300 pp. $1.50, net. the achievements, resources, char- United Society of Christian Endeavor. 1902. acteristics, and possibilities of this HIGH-CASTE H,NDU WOMEN. By Pandita much misunderstood and abused Ramabai. (Revised.) 12mo. 75 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., N. Y. 1902. people. Dr. Martin has contributed LAND OF THE CONCH-SHELL. Illustrated. a volume that is distinctly and in- 12mo, 64 pp. 18. Church 11issionary So- ciety, London. 1901. tensely valuable for a more thor- SUBJECTS OF THE SHAH. By C. H. Stileman. ough knowledge of the Chinese Illustrated. 12mo, 96 pp. 18. C. 11. S., London. 1901. and how to educate them in truth ARMENIA: TRAVELS AND STUDIES. By H. F. B. and righteousness. * Lynch. Illustrated. 2 vols. 1,000 pp. $15.00, net. Longmans, Green & Co., N. Y. THE CHINESE Boy AND GIRL. By Isaac Taylor 1901. Headland. 8vo, 176 pp. lllustrated. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New MOHAMMED AND HIS POWER. By P. Lacy York. 1901. Johnstone. 12mo. 238 pp. $1.25. Charles Scribner's Sons, N. Y. 1901. The unique and artistic get-up of this book makes it doubly at- PROTESTANT CHURCH IN GERMANY. By George tractive. It is a companion volume H. Schodde. 40 cents. Lutheran Publicaand sequel to "Chinese Mother tion Society, Philadelphia. 1901. Goose." Professor Headland raises the curtain by which childlife in UGANDA AND ITS PEOPLE. By General Lugard. China has been hidden'from view Illustrated. 16mo. 175 pp. M. F. Mansand reveals their methods of play, field & Co., N. Y. 1901. their education and habits of life. Children are much the same the LAND OF THE AMAZONS. By Baron de Santaworld over, but the training of the Anna 11ery. Illustrated. Maps. 405 pp. child determines the character of $4.00. E. P. Dutton & Co., N. Y. 1901.

MEXICO AS I SAW IT. By Mrs. Alec. Tweedie. Illustrated. $5.00, net. MacMillan Co. 1901.

THE ApOSTLES OF THE SOUTHEAST. By Frank T. Bullen. 12mo, 354 pp. $1.50. D. Appleton & Co. N. Y., 1901.

GENERAt. MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE AMERICA and inspirational, in which prayer The Protestant There were some for missions was emphasized as the Episcopal plain things said greatest factor to success. Conference on and some vigorous Missions things done at the The need of missions in Roman First General Mis- Catholic countries received especial sionary Conference of the Prot- estant Episcopal Church, held in attention. Bishop Kinsolving de- Rochester, N. Y., in December last. Rev. Dr. Nelson deprecated clared that the Catholic Church in the scant attention given to mis- sions by the triennial meetings of Brazil had repulsed the people by that Church, like that of San Francisco, where the great missionary its un-Christian terms, its service body was forced to give precedence to legislative business, despite the in an unknown tongue, the celibacy fact that the mind of the Church is as four-fifths to one-fifth for the of the priests, and the confessional. discussion of missionary matters rather than the discussion of Dr. Dudley Powers spoke on canonical law; yet the San Francisco convention did lift the whole Cuba; Rev. Henry Forrester, on thought of the Church to a higher level on missionary matters, in the Mexico; and Bishop-elect Brent, on proposal to apportion a million dollars for missions. the Philippines.

Perhaps the most significant Interrelations Dr. J. G. Fraser, feature of the Rochester convention was the determination to in-, of Missions Sec r e tary of the augurate throughout the whole Church men's missionary societies! Ohio Home Mis- The Sunday-schools had been organized on this line, and through- sionary Society (Congregational), out the land women's missionary organizations had been active, but has recently written as follows upon the men had been inactive. They needed to be organized, too, spe- this inspiring theme: cially for the study of missions. ERthusiasm rose to such a great The world is small and belongs to height during the meetings that God, who brings its farthest ends when this proposition was together in the service of his spreadlaunched a congregation of 1,100. ing kingdom. Ohio has its little people rose unanimously to vote chapter of the great story. When in favor of it. The next day the Dr. H. A. Schauffier was a missionorganization scheme was formu- ary of the American Board in lated and adopted. That is a great Austria, Marie Reitinger was constep forward, and worth the whole verted under his ministry. After outlay and effort of the convention Providence had thrust him through -a convention, by the way, distin- the open door into the great Slavic guished by the absence of all col- work in Cleveland, she came back lections, being purely educational to be a valued helper in the work for which she has spoken witb acceptance far and wide.

Bertha J uengling,. a Polish girl, speaking German fluently, as well as English and her native tongue, was one of the early graduates of the Bethlehem Bible and Mission- ary Training School. When she married an American pastor, Rev. Rupert W. Harris, it seemed at first that Providence might have made a mistake; but, after aiding her husband in home missionary service in Iowa, and receiving or- dination at the desire of those who best knew her work, the two have returned to Ohio, to bring back from the dead two Cincinnati churches and to put them apparent- ly in a larger place of power for their communities than ever before.

Meanwhile, Bethlehem Church in Cleveland has raised up a genera-

tion of young people with a notable clerks and artisans; homes for girls working in stores and offices; homes missionary spirit, not content to for children; rescue homes for fallen fill working-places in the mother women; slum posts for slum visita- tion and meetings; slum day nurs- Church, but ready for the hard eries for infants; cheap food depots places of the great field. Lewis and cent meals; cheap clothing and Hodous, a son of Bethlehem, grad- second-hand stores; salvage briuate of Adelbert College and Hart- gades for collection of household and office waste; wood-yards; emford Seminary, and since a student ployment bureaus; Kni.ghts of Hope in Germany on the Hartford fellow- for prison visitation and ex-crim- inals; winter relief; medical relief, ship, and Miss Anna Jelinek, also including free dispensaries; sumof Bethlehem and a graduate of mer outings for the poor; penny ice-wagons; Christmas and Thanks- Oberlin, his betrothed-for love giving dinners; missing friends and inquiry department; farm colonies works the same sweet way in Slavic for the poor. hearts-are under appointment of Young People A conference of the American Board to the Fuchau Mission, China. So close are Au's- and Missions leaders in mission tria, Iowa, Cincinnati, China, and work among young Cleveland in the plan of God! people was held in New York in Density of It is generally sup- D~cember, when 200 came together Population in posed that New from points as distant as Virginia, Chicago York has the den- sest and most over- Colorado, and Toronto. All were crowded tenement population in leaders among young people. The the world; but, according to Mr. Robert Hunter, "it is very prob- heartiest fellowship prevailed, and able, if we could compare the height of the dwelling and its density of 14 denominations were represented. population in the Jewish, Italian, Polish, and Bohemian districts of Around the walls was a great Chicago with the like in districts elsewhere, the real density would array of articles for missionary adequal the worst in the world. The density of population per acre in vertising-maps, charts, diagrams, the Polish quarter in Chicago is three times that of the most mite-boxes of quaint designs, scenes crowded portions of Tokyo, Calcutta, and many other Asiatic in mission lands, missionary pericities."-Report ofCity Homes Association. odicals, pamphlets, and books.

Salvation The" submerged" Bright hintsfor missionary work- Army and the classes in America, ers kept pencils busy and crowded Poor including the crim~ the omnipresent note-book. For inal, the vicious and instance, these: purely pauper elements, number ·0 not less than 3,000,000 under favor- "Go to original authorities for your missionary information," said able sociological circumstances, Dr. Halsey. "Don'tget your goods of the .retailer if you can get them while the number is liable to in- of the wholesaler."

crease alarmingly during seasons of The small boy's recipe for the growth of a mission band: "Let commercial depression. For deal- one feller bring another feller, and then give the fellers something to ing with this mass of poverty and do."

suffering the Salvation Army in "Don't co v e r your missionary books," said Mr. Beach, "if you the United States has organized want them read. You have simply placed a coffin around them. Furvarious institutions and agencies. thermore, if you want missionary books read, have them bound in These include: red."

Shelters for homeless men; shel- One of the most lively sessions had for its theme the teaching of ters for homeless women; homes fOf missions in the Sunday-school, and·

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

for its culmination the adoption of attendance transfer them to the strong resolutions urging the Inter- national Lesson Committee to as- public schools. No fewer than 17,- sign one missionary lesson every quarter. "I'd rather," asserted 102 personal visits were made to Dr. Rhodes with emphasis, "that homes of the poor, in fully half of my boy should get a good idea of what God is doing in China to-day which gifts of clothing had to be than that he should get ever so good an idea of what He did to made. Cripples, heretofore neg- N ebuchadnezzar." lected, are carried by this society's Much interest was shown in .the Methodist plan of making every agents down flights of stairs in the Sunday-school a missionary. so- morning and up . again at night, ciety, with its own officers, and at least one missionary meeting dur- that they may go to and from the ing the year. society's schools in the society's The conference made manifest wagons. Nearly 500 children were the usefulness of closer union placed in farmers' homes in the among mission workers. There were loud calls, for instance, for West, to be watched over by agents central bureaus of missionary in- of the society to see that they are formation and literature in large treated according to contract, and, cities. Uniform mission studies, especially, are sent to school.

missionary leaflets for Sunda.y- During its forty-nine yeal's of ac- schools, and exchanges of literature tivity the society has disbursed among mission boards are other $10,000,000.

possible results of the conference. Student Whatever it may The report of the sessions which is Missionary have been at first, Campaign the Student Misto be issued will be complete and sionary Movement invaluable. has become a mighty force for the The conference reached its climax world's evangelization. Take the with Mr. Speer's address-a fashion following as evidence, which re- conferences have. "I date my per- lates to but a single form of activ- sonal experience of the Christian ity among Presbyterian churches: life," he said, "from my reception Last summer 11 volunteers enterof the missionary spirit." He ed the field, whovisited 337churches, delivered 660 addresses, called on pleaded for a deeper consecration. 3,004 homes, leaving 837 missionary •• We can not accomplish by drive books and 1,103 church magazines .with them; placed 124 purely miswhat must be accomplished by de- sionary libraries (2,104 volumes) in votion." He made. an earnest plea young people's societies and Sun- day-schools; introduced systematic for home religion, declaring that. giving into 60 churches and 4 Chris- tian Endeavor societies; held con- "the home is the best place to reach ferences with 135 women's societies and 111 missionary committees; the young people."-A. R. WELLS. organized 12 women's societies, 5 young people's societies, 29 mis- Children's This organization, a sionary committees and 44 mission study classes; started monthly mis- Aid Society monument to the sionary meetings in 43 young peo- ple's societies, while leading 40 energy and devotion non-giving churches to give or inof C. L. Brace, is nearing its'semi- crease their gifts to foreign mis- sions. centennial. With $440,000 avail- Now it is Men, The Board of Forable for use last year, 19 day and 8 Now it is Money eign Missions of evening schools are maintained, the Presbyterian whose agents and teachers seek Church, North, has issued an ear- out children kept at home by the nestappeal tothe seminarystudents poverty, shiftlessness, and igno- rance of parents; and after cleaning them up and inducing regular

to consider the claims upon them Ashmore, Baptist missionary to of the work. Vacancies are to be filled, and reinforcements are China, tell the story: needed, and new stations are waiting to be opened. The support We found that the church had a seems to be in sight, but the men heavy infusion of the descendants are needed. With us in the South of the old missionaries who had it is just the other way. We have evangelized Hawaii: the Judds, the the men awaiting the ability of Binghams, the Gulicks, and others. our Foreign Mission office to send Well, here is a missionary church. them out. Doubtless more would They are carrying on a mission of respond from all our seminaries their own in the Gilbert Islands, and from the ranks of the younger sending money to the American ministry, but we are at this time Hoard also. Last year they gave in great and urgent need of the $40,000 to carryon their mission. means to sustain the missions al- This year they have already sent ready established and doing effect- $1,000 of Uncle Sam's yellow gold ive work.-Central Presbyterian. on to Boston, and the second and third thousand are to follow soon, New Life for The Americans are and that does not include private gifts of individuals whom the Lord Cuba beginning to show has prospered. The expenses of the church are all paid by private sub- that Cu ba, the scriptions and the Sunday collec- tions-every red penny of them. "Queen of the Antilles," reduced These collections have been some- times astonishing in size. On one to chaos by the tyranny and mis- Sunday they raised $14,000; on arl'other, by special appeal, they management of Spain, may be amounted to $34,000. Such giving as that would take the breath of transformed again into a fruitful the Baptists of a whole state with us. Not long ago, when the old garden. Large tracts of land, now Mother Board was in a pinch, they sent on $9,000 at a clip. overgrown with timber, are being Methodists in Rev. J. W. Butler cleared, and planted with tropical Mexico has this to say of fruit. The unsanitary fever-haunt- work in the capital ed cities and towns are being city of our neighbor republic: drained and cleared of infection, The Mexico Mission has been so that soon the natural advantages peculiarly fortunate in securing well-located properties in all its of the climate will be free from the more important centers. Take, for instance, Mexico city. Here, in 1873, incubus of a deadly danger. Better we came into possession of a part of what had formerly been the Conthan all, the American churches vent of San Francisco. It was pur- chased for $16,000 silver. A like are making a special mission field sum was immediately laid aut to adapt it to our purposes. Other of Cuba. The special conditions of improvements have followed since, till now we have an auditorium land and tenure just now make it capable of seating 800, with a chapel, or vestry, adjoining, which possible to evangelize the country will seat 150; a boys' school, where- in may gather 150 children; a bookafter the manner of Paul, the tent- store and publishing department large enough to do all our work for maker. A preacher can go to Cuba, the next 30 years; a free reading- room, open every day in the year; and if he can only get five acres of and separate residences for 2 mis- sionary and 2 native pastors' famland, which it is easy to do, he can ilies. Here the Gospel is preached every Sunday in 3 languages, and soon make a living for himself, services of some kind held nearly and in the mean time he can be doing mission work and establish a church.-London Christian.

The StrangeI it is 10- Banner Church cated, not in New for Giving York or in London, but in once benight- ed Honolulu. Let Rev. William

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

every evening. From this center markets just within the British go out about 4,000,000 pages of border; and into Abyssinia the religious literature annually. Bible is admitted freely.-British and Foreign Bible Society Report. The Bible in In this colony are British Guiana nearly 300,000 in- Wesleyan For years the West habitants, of whom Activity London Mission has fully half can claim negro-descent; over 105,000 are East Indians by at Home been carried on by direct immigration, 12,000 are Portuguese, 10,000 aborigines, 4,000 Hugh Price Hnghes Chinese, and 4,000 consist of Europeans, inclusive of those designated in St. James Hall. Not many weeks "whites other than Portuguese." The circulation of the Scriptures is ago a Methodist mission-hall was in the hands Qf agents of the British and Foreign Bible Society, who opened in Edinburgh, under the diact through 2 auxilaries, one of them having its center at Berbice, rection of Rev. George Jackson, and reports that in 1899 its sales were 1,805 copies in English and 128 situated at a favorable point for in Hindustani; while in 1900 th"tJy were 1,325 copies in English and 126 reaching thousands not in the habit in Hindustani. It receives from the parent society an annual grant of entering church doors. Manof £75 toward colportage expenses; and employs both an English and chester also has a similar work. an Hindustani colporteur, the latter at work among the numerous cool- Begun about fifteen years ago, it ies in the colony. has steadily grown, until its influ- EUROPE ence is felt throughout the entire God's Word It is a striking fact Going Forth that, while of the city of nearly 1,000,000. Twenty- thousands of new one services are held each Sunday, books published each year not one in three reaches a second edition, with an average attendance of and the average life of a modern book is only four or five years, there 15,000. Every week there ar~ is an ever-increasing and widening demand for new editions of the 33 prayer-meetings, 80 fellowship- Bible. Last year nearly 5,000,000 copies of the Bible or portions were meetings, 9 Bible classes, and 30 issued. In South Africa many thousands have been distributed in open-air services. Over 4,000 attend the camps, to the Boers as well as to the British. Among the new the temperance meetings every versions is one in Baluchi, the language of the half million pastoral Saturday evening. There are 2,500 people in the highlands of Baluchistan. Tho Tibet is closely children in the Sunday-schools of guarded against foreign intrusion, the society is sending the Bible the mission. Fifteen departments through traders who flock to the of social work are maintained, and more than 1,000 voluntary workers are engaged in various ways in spreading the Gospel, in minister- ing to the spiritual and temporal needs of a great multitude.

Tribute to Few laymen have a Good Soldier taken so active and practical a {lart in missionary work as Major-General Haig, who passed to his heavenly rest July 27th, last. When a young engineer officer, serving under Sir Arthur Cotton in the irrigation works planned by him on the God- avery River, his heart was drawn out toward the wild Roi people of the district; and in 1860, while Cotton wrote to the C. M. S. on their behalf, Haig held a prayer- meeting on the· spot. The society responded by sending out a promis-

tFebruary

ing young missionary, who is now ately after the return of monks well known as Canon Edmonds, of from the Philippines. Exeter. After Haig had retired from Indian service he still watched The first British possessions to over the interests of the mission, take alarm were the Channel Island in 1881-82 he went out himself ands. Vigorous action taken in and superintended, it while ~Ir. and Guernsey to prevent the settlement Mrs. Cain took furlough in Aus- of these uninvited guests has been tralia. Subsequently, his mission- followed by an act forbidding" perary sympathies turned to the Mos- sons of foreign nationality forming lem lands of Western Asia, and part of any religious order, if more an article by him on Aden led to than 6 in number, from settling in the society planning a mission at Jersey." In addition, members of that port, while an extract from it orders already in the island must printed in a religious newspaper register themselves and accept attracted the attention of Ion supervision. In the Isle of Wight Keith-Falconer, who soon after- a considerable addition has already ward went out to found the Scotch been made to the population in this mission there.-ChurchMissionary undesirable fashion, special pro- Intelligencer. vision having been made for their reception by their coreligionists.- The Expelled The United King- London Christian. French Friars dom and Holland The .. Christian A remarkable and seem to offer the readiest refuges for the friars ex- Brothers" in unequaled example pelled from France. In Belgium the Roman Catholic bishops have France of zeal for national imposed restrictions on such additions to their flocks, which are religious education practically prohibitive. Several of the Swiss cantons have explicitly has of late years been manifested denied entrance, and Germany is taking steps in the same direction. by the author of " Christian Even in Italy the adoption of precautions is being planned. Large Brothers," in France. When the bodies of tbe monks and nuns have sought asylum in SpaIn, where the French government abolished religlaws are entirely favorable to Roman Catholic institutions. The ious instruction in all the State authorities on the frontier report parties entering daily; and while schools of the country, the most of them go to the convents and monasteries of their respective "Brothers" established 40,000 volorders, others have bought landfor building in different provinces, untary schools on a definitely where they intend to settle. They will organize their communities Christian basis. To the service of under abbots and abbesses, as in France. Tho they have been kindly these schools about 120,000 teachreceived by the Roman Catholic community, Spanish Liberals and ers devote themselves, without Republicans are much displeased at this fresh influx, coming immedi- salary, and dedicate themselves to the work as to a vocation from God. Their coreligionists support them and the schools by a multi- tude of small weekly and monthly subscriptions. This wonderful effort, and on so grand a scale, merits the admiration of universal Christendom.

Temperance There are indica- Agitation e a t ion s that the in Germany people of Europe are awakening to the perils of the use of spirituous liquors. In Germany the society for "Combating the Abuse of

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

Spirituous Liquors" recently held where, and when it decided to fly a conference, at which Baron von with its own wings, and to estab- Diergardt said that alcohol would lish stations on the Gold Coast, it one day be universally regarded as sowed with graves for a long time. an enemy to civilization. He added At one time only a single laborer $750,000,000 are spent yearly in Ger- remained, who asked to be recalled. many for intoxicating liquors; the " Remain," said the committee, average German consumes 5 glasses with an authority which faith a day. The nation derives $41,000,- alone could justify. He remained, 000 revenue from spirits and $25,- and now the churches of the Gold 000,000 from beer. He said, further, Coast are flourishing; they reprethat one-third of the German ex- sent a total of about 17,000 Chrisports to Togoland and one-seventh tians, and among every 25 or 30 inof those to East Africa consist of habitants one is pretty sure to find alcohol. 1 Christian. In the district of Akorpong we find a Christian com- Hope Even It would seem that munity of some 1,600. These blacks, for Russia Russian opinion is aforetime so idle, have learned to work. Last year they made up at last awakening among them a sum of 45,000 francs, to the demand for religious tolera- largely gathered at mission festition. At a recent missionary con- vals and for mission undertakings. ference, held to discuss steps for When a chapel is to be built, or a proceeding against heretics, a lead- school-house, or a catechist's dwelling noble, M. Stachovitch, protest- ing, they give days' work without ed against the harsh measures in pay, and a great part of the matevogue, and said it was high time rials. There are among them 266 for Russia to concede to all the in- native helpers, of whom 24 are orvaluable prerogative of liberty of dained pastors.-Le Missionaire. conscience. Tho the proposal was rejected by the conference, it was ASIA taken up strongly in the secular press, which has published lumin- His Majest)r According to J. C. ous articles on the value of liberty the Sultan Goddard, in "A in matters religious. This is a hopeful sign, and the fact that the Leave of Absence," papers that have ventured on this Abdul Hamid reigns by intrigueand courageous step have not been sup- amid secret factions. The last sulpressed, as would inevitably have tan, it is said, committed suicide; been the case in earlier reigns, is a more probably it was "an assisted tribute to the new spirit which fate." The present sultan's brother emanates from the Czar, and which is called insane-convenient excuse is beginning to permeate down- for confining him in an asylum.. ward as well as to rise up from He wrings the life-blood from his beneath. When toleration becomes people by the most demoralizing a fact in the Russian Empire a great system of taxation on earth. The future will be opened to the Russian tree is taxed whether it is bearing people. or not, so that in Syria discouraged and frenzied farmers have been An Honored The Basel Mission known to cut down the olive grove • German was founded in 1815. in sheer desperation rather than be Mission Its restricted and taxed into bankruptcy. The court tim i d beginning lives in splendor; the people stran- gle with the mailed hand upon the consisted in training missionaries throat. Yet this is the sovereign for societies already founded else-

who s e official title is" Abdul guage, and the cast of mind pos- Hamid, the Beloved Sultan of Sul- sessed by the people of to-day.- tans, Emperor of Emperors; the Rev. F. E. HOSKINS.

Shadow of God upon Earth; Broth- Progress in The railway from er of the Sun; Dispenser of Crowns Palestine Joppa to Jerusalem. to Those who Sit upon Thrones; Sovereign of Constantinople and at first an experithe great city of Brousa, as well as ment; has been put upon a paying of Damascus, which is the Scent of basis. and other lines which will Paradise; King of Kings, whose connect it with points of interest Army is the Asylum of Victory; up and down the valley of the J 01'- at the Foot of Whose Throne is dan have been projected, or are Justice and the Refuge of the actually in course of builling. In World." Jerusalem there are now electric lights, telephones, phonographs, Beirut. the Beirut, with more sanitary plumbing, modern stores, houses built, and, in short, most of Metropolis of than l20,OOO people, the comforts of civilized life. Trol- ley lines are talked of to connect Syria is to-day the sixth Jerusalem with Bethany, Bethle- . hem, the Lake of Galilee, Samaria, city in the Ottoman Jericho, Nazareth, and other places made familiar through Bible his- Empire. According to the Tell el tory. With the introduction of these insignia of modern activ- Amarna tablets it has more than ity, the Palestine of the past will vanish. forty centuries of history behind it.

It has been heathen, Greek, Roman, Moslem, Saracenic, and Turkish in its history, but never really Chris- tian. No human alchemy could resolve the present population of Beirut into its original elements. Pilgrimages The usual ceremony Remotely Canaanitish, they have to Mecca connected with the had poured into their veins the departure of the blood of the Philistines, the Hit- sacred carpet from Cairo to Mecca tites, the Jews, the Greeks, the Ro- takes place in February. It is then mans, the Saracens; that of the transported by special caravan, and Crusaders, the Venetians, the Gen- escorted by a guard of Egyptian oese; that of the Turks, Kurds, and soldiers, to cover the soil of the Circassians, and now that of every kaaba in the holy city of the Mo- modern race of Europe. The stock hammedans. After that time the is essentially Semitic, but the embarkation of numerous pilgrims branches defy classification. Each takes place, and they engage in the race and strain and blood has con- ceremonies through which, ever tributed some characteristics to the since the time of Mohammed, many present people, making them the a sin-tossed soul has vainly sought most versatile, baffling, and cosmo- to obtain peace and salvation. That politan dwellers in this enchanted a visit to the sacred shrine is pow- land. Each separate invasion, with erless to effect any change in heart its corresponding" civilization, has and life is now so recognized, even brought with it some peculiar con- by the Arabs themselves, that one ception of God, and the struggle of of their proverbs says, "Wllo is the nations is a striking emblem of more cunning than a hadji (pil- the strife between these various grim)?" Answer: "One who IS conceptions of God warring for su- twice a hadji." In spite of the premacy. All have left their traces special prOVIsIOn accorded, after in human thought, human lan- several years of prohibition the

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

contingent of pilgrims from Algeria New Testaments, and single Gosand Tunisia is said to be unusually pels, in India, in memory of the small, and a French paper seriously late queen-empress. Altho the vast asks if it is indeed a fact that majority of the Indian people can the faith of the Moslems in not read, there are probably now their prophet is decreasing.-Mrs. 25,000,000 who can, and education is LILEY, in North Africa. spreading rapidly. The idea is that Christians in England should give Mission Work The societies at one or more copies of God's Word in Persia work in Persia are (or part of it) to each reading native; the following: The and it is suggested that men should send to men, women to women, chil- Presbyterian Board, the English dren to children. It is a vast under- Church Missionary Society, the taking; but the plans have been Assyrian Mission of the Archbishop worked out with great energy and of Canterbury, the Lazarist Order skill, and the response has been reof Roman Catholic Monks, and the markable.-C. M. S. Intelligencer. Holy Synod of the Russian Church. Working in cooperation with the Hindus Build A striking s tor y Protestant missions are the Amer- a Hospital comes from the city ican and the British and Foreign of Jodhpur, which Bible societies. The number of foreign missionaries in Persia is is the capital of Marwar, one of the about 120 of whom two-thirds are Rajput statlls, which has a popula- Protestan't and working in cooper- tion of about 2,500,000. The city ation. has a population of over 60,000, and is about 800 miles due north from It will be noticed that this list Bombay. An attempt in 1885 to contains all the great divisions of plant a mission there by the Scotch Christendom-Protestant, Angli- Free Church proved a failure, becan, Greek, and Roman Catholic. cause of the intense hostility of the A curious fact is that all of these people and the government. Yet a divisions are at work in the same year later Dr. Sommerville got a place and for the same people, in footh0ld for medical work, but Urumia and for the Syrians. In could obtain no suitable residence, Urumia there are also native Sy- the Maharajah stubbornly refusing rians or Nestorians supported by to grant a site for a building. But the Lutherans, Baptists, and oth- in God's providence an English offiers. Outside of Urumia, Teheran cer of Christian character, to whom is occupied by the Roman Catho- the Maharajah was attached, died, lics, and Salmas is another center and the widow was asked what of their work. The C. M. S. oc- form of a memorial' she would like cupy Ispahan, Shiraz, Yezd, and to have raised to her husband. She Kirman. The Protestant mission- replied that the thing she desired aries thus occupy 8 cities, the most was a site for a mission Roman Catholics 3, the Russians 1, bungalow. For a time the Mahaand the Archbishop's Mission 1, rajah hesitated, but later he gave besides 2 points in Turkish Kurdis- his consent, and, beyond this, he tan among the Syrians.-Rev. W. determined to el'ect the bungalow A. SHEDD. at his own expense. Since then Dr. Sommerville has labored most suc- The Bible for Are mar k a b I e cessfully, and has so won the hearts of all the officials as well as the India scheme has been set people that they resolved a 'few on foot by some in- fluential Christian men for the extensive distribution of Bibles,

years since to present him with a For the last six months every misnew mission hospital. This has now sion statIon in the Central Provbeen done, and the hospital was inces, in Gujarat, and in many formally opened in December, 1900. parts of the Western Presidency, The ceremony was most impressive, was converted into a relief camp. the Maharajah making a cordial The missionary workers did not address and others speaking in know rest, but were out day and high appreciation of the work done. night relieving distress and saving Then in solemn prayer the building lives. The strain was so severe was dedicated to the glory of God. that one of these workers writes: " Every mission in these parts has The Census Sir Charles Elliott, lost at least one European worker Testifies to in a letter to the by death, and ours one each month London Times, says for the last four months." Not Progress in reference to the only did these workers offer them- selves as a sacrifice, but money also question whether the recent census flowed freely for the relief of dis- tress from Christian centers in this will show that the increase in the country and abroad. Verily,Ohris- tian philanthrophy comes t 0 us number of Christians which pre- with healing balm for the many af- flictions. This humanity of Jesus' vious censuses have revealed has followers, and not their dogmas, will surely establish the throne of been maintained in the last decade: their Master on the love and rever- ence of civilized humanity. Let all By the kindness of Mr. H. H. classes of Indian society record Risley, the Imperial Census Com- their admiration to these worthy servants of Christ in unstinted missioner, I am able to ask you to measure.-Indian Messenger (Brahmo Somaj). publish the figures in the 9 prov- inces in which the tabulation of these statistics has been completed, For the remaining 18 we must wait a little longer.

Number of Native Christians PROVINCE 1891 1901 Ajmir……………. . 2,683 3,712 The Gospel Bishop Warne, in Assam …………… . 16,844 Baluchistan ……… . 35,969 in a the Indian Wit- Baroda………….. .. 646 4,026 Central Provinces… . 13,308 Chinese Heart ness, gives an inter- Central Jndia ……. . 5,999 7,691 Rajputana………. . 1,855 25,571 esting sketch, in Berar …………… .. 1,359 8,114 Punjab ………….. . 53,587 2,840 brief, of a Chinese convert in the 2,375 71,854 Penang District, Malay Peninsula, These figures relate only to minor as an illustration of the power of provinces, but so far as they go they the Gospel to transform character. satisfy our most sanguine hopes, He says: indicating as they do an increase of about 66,000 Christians, or 70 per When at Kuala Lampor, I found cent. above the numbers of 1891. the pastor was a bright Chinese, a convert from our church in Siam. Hindu Praise Famine work must Four years ago he was a poor, of Missionaries not close without a ignorant, withered up. opium- smoking coolie in Siam. He wa'3 word of recognition converted, called to preach, anri of the valuable services rendered was brought to the Penang Theoby Christian missionaries toward logical School. He has since learned mitigating its horrors. Honor to to read the Ohinese Bible, ariththese ambassadors of Christ! They metic up to square root, writing, h a v e proved themselves t 0 be geography, and has read in Chinese worthy followers of Him whose three volumes of church history, heart bled for the sorrows of men. the Discipline, the Catechism, the Philosophy of the Plan of Salva·

1902J GENEItAL MISsioNARY iNTELtiG~NcE

tion, Binney's Theological Com- of influence. On the withdrawal pend, Evidences of Christianity, a of the allied troops from Pekin, his life of Christ, an account of the troops, drilled after European religions of China-Buddhism, fashion, took over the policing of Confucianism, Taoism. He has the capital. Now he steps into the learned in a tonic sol-fa system to viceroyalty of Chih-li as leading read music at sight and to lead a official in China, and as such much congregation in singing in tune will be expected of him in his alld time. When I saw this man, exalted position. Hitherto he has an intelligent preacher, and showed himself not unfriendly to thought of what he was four years ago, I felt the days of miracles were Christian missions, and it would be not past, and that no one should well here to recall the word~ of his doubt the value of missions and famous proclamation issued but a the elevating power of the Gospel. few months ago-by some called The Work in Dr. Ross writes us the Magna Charta of Christians in Shan-tung: Manchuria from Mukden con- I have instructed that procla- cerning the prog- mations be put out. I propose hereafter to have lasting peace. ress of Christianity in Manchuria Church interests will then prosper and your idea of preaching rightsince the Boxer outbreak. He says: eousness I can promise. The pres- ent overturning is of a most ex- In Mukden we have over 1,300 traordinary character. Everywhere stalwarts and over 600 weak ones. in Shan-tung it is now quiet . . . The latter we do not acknowledge and if you (Protestant missionaries) meantime within the church. The wish to return to the interior I citycongregation is as prosperousas would beg of you to first give me ever financially-indeed, gave more word, that I may most certainly this year than ever before. They order the military to carefully prohave supported their pastor and an tect and escort you. evangelist, and have set up a new school. They are in great enthusi- The God of The real modern naasm. We have twelve chapels China tional god of the Chiopened in connection with this nese, says the late city, besides our new church hall here. For all which and more we Dr. Ernest Fabel', is Kuanti, the are devoutly thl',nkful to the" Preserver of Men." god of war, a general who was be- headed in the time of the "three Li-Hung- With the passing of Kingdoms," 220 A.D. "He is wor- Ch&ng's L i-H ung-C han g shipetl to oppose the evil spirits, and indeed to help against every Successor there steps into the kind of evil. His image is to be found not only in the homes but most important in special temples, and in almost every Taoist and Buddhist tempost in the empire a man of a very ple. . . . Such reverence to war- riors among the Chinese is the different stamp, and one who has strongest proof that the Chinese spirit is predominantly warlike. already proved himself a capable The instances adduced for the oppo- and enlightened official. Yiian- site opinion, and repeated again and again by -foreign authors in Shih-Kai was envoy to Korea general works on China, have their cause not in the Chinese spirit but when the difficulties arose which in other circumstances, of which I culminated in the Chinese-Japanese will mention: inferior weapons, war. As Governor of Shan-tung during the time of the Boxer rising he was able to keep the foreign powers in touch with Peking, for it was he who sent through the first message to the beleaguered Euro- peans; alld all through Governor Yiian remained true to the interests of Europeans, and formed the com- pact with the central viceroys to keep Boxerdom out of their spheres lack of drill, bad organization, de- is a mistake to say that most of ficient care for sick and wounded, these go out as missionaries. There the lack of thoroughly educated are about 1,500 who come from officers, and the universal cor- countries other than Egypt. But ruption of the Mandarins."-Zeit- most of these are sons of sheiks, schr'ift fur lI'Iissionsknnde. or wealthy men, who look upon the Azhar as the best place for their A Great Work In Korea, says The sons' education. What, in a word, in Korea Life of Faith, "a is the result of the education? The church has grown divorcement of memory altogether from reason and intellect. The de- up almost spontaneously, 'unorgan- velopment of a personality who is ized, pastorless, yet vital, self- useless for any other occupation supporting, and self-propagating, than that of teaching Arabic phon- perhaps as near the apostolic model etics, grammar, and the Koran, the as the world has 'seen anywhere closing of the mind to all honest since. There are about 300 rec- inquiry, all modern ideas and truth, ognized Christian congregations outside the Koran and the Arabic under several bodies of foreign mis- language. In spite of this, how- sionary workers, and about as ever, there is now a growing de- many more observe some form of mand on the part of. the pupils gathering for weekly worship. themselves for a knowledge of Eng- lish, and as this can not be given The Bible One of the most within the precincts of the mosque, in Japan cheering signs of it may be our opportunity to give what they need." ' the times in the – Sunrise Kingdom is found in the The Native In the Rheinische Christians in lI'Iissions Berichte rapidly increasing sales of the Scriptures. If Bibles, and Testa- Africa reference is made to ments, and parts are included, we a conference which have for the last three years an advance from 45,000, through 98,000, took place between the brethren .to 137,000, and 92,000 for the first engaged in missionary work among six months of 1901. the Hereros in German Southwest Africa. The main subject for con- AFRICA sideration was "The Inner Condi- tion of the Herero Churches." The AI Azhar Rev. D. M. Thorn- Herero missionaries expressed their University ton, writing to the full concurrence in the sentiments in Cairo Student Movement, expressed, for which reason con- says: "Probably sensus of opinion at this conference cannot fail to interest a wider cirthe greatest educational influence cle.

in the Moslem world is 'al Azhar' The carnal mind is everywhere the same, but its outward manifes- University here in Cairo 'the vic- tation differs according to the vary- ing character of different races, and torious.' I think that the religious excrescenses, which to us appear peculiarly ugly, may be found in influence of the place is fast wan- our midst under the disguise of another name. Nor should we foring, even tho the numbers still keep get that these converts are but just emerging from a state of whose very large. I find there are about 2,000 pupils who might be called undergraduates, and about another 6,000 to 7,000 who range from the ages of twelve to eighteen. The remaining 8,000 or so are merely boys, most of whom are in the pre- paratory schools round C a i l' 0 , taught by accredited sheiks. It

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

degradation we can not possibly disgust, conscious of no dark spots, but which should rather beget in form an adequate conception. The them the very spirit of intercession and the very pity of Christ. paper may be summ&rized as fol- B. HITJER. lows: Endeavorers in The South African The first thing that strikes you Very Deed Endeavorer tells of about the African is that he says a society which has "yes" to everything. You ask him whether he is really converted and 3 members at the front who never loves the Lord Jesus Christ, and he fail to send their responses for the promptly answers with a joyful monthly consecration meeting. On "yes"; but it means so little. As one occasion, however, one member a catechumen his conduct may have was unable to get his letter off in been exemplary and full of promise, time, so he tried to send his response such as fully justified his teacher by wire. This proved impossible, in baptising him. But after his as both clerk and censor were con- baptism, when he is removed from vinced that the Scripture reference the watchful superintendence of was an attempt to convey secret the missionary, he is no longer care- intelligence. ful in his walk, and is apt to relapse into his old habits. Of course there ISLANDS OF THE SEA are many exceptions, but for the majority the abo v e experience Sailors' Home After delays and holds good. A renewal of the in Manila obstacles, a mission heart, such as means death to "the to seamen in Manila old man, corrupt according to the deceitful lusts," they are, for the has been started which bids fa,ir to most part, strangers to; and while continue and to flourish. In con- the desire is there to walk in the nection with it a sailors' home has spirit, it is continually thwarted by been opened. In a single month- the low, carnal mind. August 15th to September 14th- 630 seamen slept in the home, ",nd There is a deplorable absence of there was an average of 30 in it truthfulness, even in the most during the daytime. Mr. Carl S. trivial matters, and they will not Sather is the superintendent, and scruple to tell a dozen lies to escape seems to have influence both among a rebuke. They are terribly afraid shipmasters and sailors. The Rev. of exposure, and so there are cases J. L. McLoughlin begins to see of converts who have secretly in- daylight after much darkness. Be- dulged in gross sin, yet continue to sides prayerful patience there is . join in the Lord's Supper (a sacra- need of business ability and large ment to the observance of which means in solving all the problems they attach great importance), be- that present themselves for rapid cause their withdrawal from it solution.-Sailors' Magazine. would create question and suspi- cion. In this manner they seek to Industrial We gather from hide their vices, and when ques- School the Rheinische Mis- tioned about them they take refuge in lies, hoping thus to escape dis- in Sumatra sions Berichte that grace. the i n d u s t l' i a I Their gross sensuality is, indeed, school established by that society a sad stumbling-block in the race at Si Antar is progressing steadily. set before them, and causes many One of the brethren has come home to make shipwreck of their faith. on furlough, in order better to They are wholly occupied with the qualify himself for the office of things that are seen, and most of superintendent of this school, and them, so far as one may judge, seem to begin to realize the things un- seen and eternal only when they are preparing to die, and to throw themselves unreservedly upon the mercy of God as this world fades from their view.

It is a somber picture that is here presented, from which our own churches may turn away in secret

is making practical acquaintance ent missionary tour. He was prewith carpentering, watchmaking, printing, brickmaking; is learning paring to visit the aboriginal how mills are constructed (in order to put an end to the present pro- missions of Northern Queensland, cess of rice-stamping, which is such a grinding task for the poor wo- thence to New Guinea and through men); is acquainting himself with the most approved methods of the Oriental mission fields in Siberia slaughtering animals (for the purpose of putting a stop to the present to Europe, whence he will proceed inhuman practise); and is picking up as many hints a,s he can in the to the African missions. He expects making and repairing of musical instruments, and in various other to devote three years at least to directions. this tour of visitation. The Papuan The Papuan perma- at Home nently disfigures him- A new departure is being in- s el f through an at- augurated in the educational sys- tem of Fiji under a capable leader, tempt to add touches and charms the Rev. W. E. Bennett, M.A., to his natural appearance. He the principal of the Westeran Colbores a hole through the septum of lege at Navolan. Hitherto the eduhis nose, in which he carries his cation of the preachers and others long shell nose-stick. His ears are has been in the vernacular. But usually so cut and torn that the this opens a very limited area of lobe hangs in a festoon several literary and scientific knowledge inches long and almost touches his to them. Not only are there few shoulders. We shall judge him books in Fijian, but it would be lightly with regard to this mutila- impracticable to put many of our tion of his ears, if we will try to masterpieces in that language. imagine the position we ourselves Now English is to be taught and would be in without our pockets. the rich realm of our literary The Papuan wears nothing but a treasures will be open not only to broad leaf round his loins, and he those trained only in the college, often carries in the lobes of his ears but this will be universal practise what would go into his pockets if in all the schools of Fiji. he wore clothes. He does not cut his ears, to begin with, with a view In American Samoa there is very to extra carrying accommodation gratifying evidence of the depth of this kind; but the habit soon of religious prin~ples. A girls' grows upon him to put these elastic seminary has been built at Leone, bands to some practical use, and it to which the native Christians on is astonishing how much strain they one small island have contributed will bear. $2,000 out of an aggregate annual income of $3,000. This in addition Among Our correspondent in to supporting their own pastors. the Islands Victoria, Australia, A feature common to all the Chris- tian communities of these islands sends us the following is the strict observance of the interesting items of information Lord's Day. It is fenced apart and gathered in an interview with Rev. kept for sacred uses. The Governor W. E. Geil, of America, who has of Samoa invited the natives to a recently visited Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, dance one Sunday afternoon, but and Nlow Zealand, on his independ- none, of the Protestant Christians responded to this high official's be- hest. and it was reserved to a few Roman Catholic girls to save the governor's invitation from abso- lute neglect. The Roman Catholics are pressing agents of various grades into every mission field of the Pacific, but their success is by no means commensurate with this wide-spread devotion of men, wo- men and means to the conversion of the heathen.

Among the Maoris of New Zealand extensive efforts are being made for the education of the girls. Hitherto the boys have been almost exclusively cared for, but the ob- vious need for the training of the

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

women is leading to this movement, in the word of Scriptu1'e ; a gradual in which the Church of England is rooting of Christianity in the taking a prominent position. The national life; and a thorough traineducated Maoris are becoming in- ing and development of leading CI'easingly alive to the importance characters, in whose hands the of sanitation and improved do- guidance of the churches may be mestic methods. This may account placed. The acquisition of native for the arrest of the decadence of organs of teaching and guidance is this race-a fact which the last of the most imperative necessity; census has made apparent. only in connection with this can financial and evangelizi~g inde- Christian A letter from Rev. pendence be achieved.-Prof. Gus- Endeavorers John M arrio tt, TAv "VARNECK, in Allgemeine Missions Zeitschri/t. in Sampa Malua Institution, Samoa, says:' "I Missionaxy T his, "Missionary Thermometer Thermometer" is have been carefully collecting the statistics of our Christian En- reproduced fro m deavor societies. In the Samoan the Church Missionary Gleaner, group we have a total of 1,822 be- and was sent to them by an Auslonging to the Endeavor society. tralian friend. May its message In the Gilbert Islands we have go home to many hearts! 3 societies and the total of members is 360. .In the Ellice gro'J.p we BURNING Glorifies and magnifies Jesus. have 7 societies and a total of 706 ANIJ members. In the Tokelan group Mightily used by God. we have 2 societies_and 335 mem- SHINING Well-pleasing in His sight. bers. In Samoa we have the fol- John v. 35 lowing: In the Malua Institution Seeks entire consecration, and for the training of native ministers ALTAR obtaInS Holy Ghost power. we have 87 members. In the Pa- FIRE panta Girls' Boarding School we Always abounding in the work have 41 members. In the Atauloma Matt.iii.ll; ot the Lord. Girls' Boarding School we have a 1 COl', xv. 58 society of 14 members just com- Filled with love to God and menced. We have 12 societies in LIVE fallen humanity. the Talealili' district, with 279mem- COAL bers. We have, therefore, a total Isa. vi. 6, 'l ReW:hin~ ::~~y~~;re?O anyof members in Samoa and the outstations of 1,822… GLOWING Feelfu~lter:h~a~o~~~at~d~e!pci~ Acts xvi. 9; MISCELLANEOUS 1 John iii. 14 ye unto all the ,,"orId." etc.

The Native The independence WARM Prays earnestly, and gives Churches and of churches won 1 John freely to the cause of mis- Self-support from among the sions. iv. 15, 16 heathen _consists Hears the message, "Ye are not essentially in three points: that TEPID they should support themselves Rev.lii.15,16 ;'1~h o:~~i~~rle(fr~~~~lgv~~ out of their own means; that they s h 0 u I d administer themselves STILL 19,20). through their own organs; and COOL .A nxious to work for God. that they should extend themselves Mark iv. 5-7 Confesses Christ at home (Luke by their own impulse. Now to COLI) achieve this there is required a FREEZING viii. 39). long process of education-namely, Rev. iii.. . a firm settlement of these churches th~d,d~~! s~~~~'1'idle on the ZERO Phil. iii. 18,HI harvest plain! Thinks charity begins at home (and ends there). Lack of interest in His work.

Callous about the heathen. Thinks missions a huge mis- take.

Opposes ~nd cr~ici~!J, missiqnfh

Nine These words are tury. He said 2,240 baptisms were in evangelical churches, 57,300 in Arguments for mighty, coming as Roman Catholic churches, and 74,- 500 in Greek Catholic churches. Missions they do from Hon. The average number of baptisms is 1,500 a year, excluding the Roman John Barrett, Min- Catholic Church. Of these 800 are baptized in the Lutheran and ister to Siam, and for seven years Episcopal Church, 200 in other Protestant churches, and 500 in an extensive traveler throughout the Greek Catholic Church. " The Russian, Polish, and Orthodox the East: Hebrew in general," said Mr. Meyer, "is as prejudiced as he was 1. In my experience as a United in the decades gone by. The Amer- States Minister, 150 missionaries, ican Hebrew, especially the Re- formed Hebrew, is polite toward scattered over a land as large at> the Christianity, tho underneath the German Empire, gave me less old fire of prejudice and antipathy still burns." trouble than 15 business men or merchants. Scientists. etc•• Many a night I but No have looked up into 2. Everywhere they go, in Siam or Burma, in China or Japan, they Missionaries a clear sky and cried for menl I tend to raise the moral tone of the community where they settle. find scientists seeking bugs, men going into the heart of the country 3. They are the pioneers in edu- to plant cocoa plantations, or to cation, starting the first practical build cattle ranches, but day after day and week after week I scarcely schools and higher institutions of see a missionary. 0 for men!- learning, teaching along lines that BISHOP HARTZELL. develop the spirit of true citizenship, as well as of Christianity. Speedy The editor of the Evangelization Baptist Missionary 4. They develop the idea of patriotism, of individual responsi- Review, published at Madras, thus speaks of the disbility in the welfare of the State. cussion regarding the evangeliza- 5. They carryon extensive med- tion of the world within the next few years: "If the present agitaical and surgical work, build hos- tion results in increased impatience of everything that is slow enough pitals and encourage sanitary meas- to be permanent, the cause of mis- sions will receive more injury than ures, and have been the chief agency benefit from it. If, on the conthroughout Asia to check the trary, the wonderful possibilities spread of diseases like small-pox, before a fully consecrated and cholera, and the plague. united Church shall result in a greatly increased number of Chris- 6. They do a great work of tians determined to do each his own charity, and teach the idea of self- individual duty to the utmost of help among masses otherwise his ability, beyond a doubt we doomed to starvation and cruel shall see wonderful things result in slavery. the next few years."

7. They are helpful in preparing the way for legitimate commercial expansion, and almost invariably precede the merchant in penetrating the interior.

8. They have done more than either commerce or diplomacy to develop respect for American character and manhood among the countless ignorant millions of Asia.

9. They are a necessity to the Asiatic statesmen and people to provide them with that instruction and information required to un- dertake genuine progress and de- velopment.

From Judaism Recently the Rev. to Christianity' Louis E. Meyer, of Hopkinton, Iowa, caused a sensation in the Hebrew Messianic Conference by declaring that 204,540 Hebrews had been baptized during the nineteenth cen-

The Missionary Review of the World — May 1899

THE PENTECOSTAL MOVEMENT

~ "<l ~ () C) (j 1)"- Ii!

~ GULF ~ F S I AM .,,-< l'rcsentDoundO'fJ'otSiam. ________ _ _ _ . _ ~ ~ -::::::::::::= Bouuda.t'J of Siam OWlmuteetl Territory ••..••.••.•.•• "-< RaliroadsCompleted _______ _____ Railroads under Constructiun __ _____ = SCALE Of ENGLISH MIL.ES 120 lGO '00 J)R,U'N ..ro& THE MISSIONARY REVIEW BY DR. W.J.. lIRIGG8 electrfloORnMiAcY f'"ileCoc., rEeNaGtRe'Id. Nb. Yy. cafis.org MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD: Old Series. ( MAY. 5 New Series. VOL. XXII. No.5. I 1 VOL. XII. No.5.

THE PENTECOS'l'AL MOVEMENT-PILKINGTON OF UGANDA·t BY THE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF.

The crowning external revelation of the Word of God is the doctrine of the Holy Spirit, and the corresponding internal revelation of the Spirit in and to the believer is the crowning experience of the Divine life and love.

We have been looking for a series of months at the important spiritual movements of the half century now closing, and surely not one of them all compares in importance with the revival of interest in the person, functions, and offices, and in-working and out-working of the Spirit of God. This last is also first, for without it there could be no other truly sp£ritual movement or development; this gives character, genuineness, spiritual quality, and permanent stability to all other godly growths in knowledge, usefulness, and power.

For the sake of a distinctive name, this may be called the Pentecostal Movement, since the fnll bestowment of the Spirit, and His complete activity in and through the believer, dates from Pentecost. But by this name is iiow meant, particularly, the general movement, peculiar in our day, in the direction of new emphasis upon the work of the Spirit of God in three aspects-sanctifying, enduing, and fiZZing. If any choose to regard these latter terms, enduing and filling, as equivalent, we shall not stop to defend the distinction, which is clear to our own minds, but press on to the grand goal which lies before us as the purpose of this paper, namely, to lay as heavy stress as we may upon one all-important fact, and one all-important need: the fact that most disciples practically have never yet known the Holy Spirit as a presiding and controlling power, and the need, which, of all deficiencies in Christian experience, is the most lamentable and deplorable.

* —————————————-~ This periodical adopts the Orthography of the following Rule, recommended by the joint action of the American Philological Association and the Philological Society of England ,-Change d or ed final to t when so pronounced, except when the e aJiects a preceding sound.-PuBLISIIERS.

t See" Pilkington of Uganda," by O. F. Harford-Battersby, publishad by Marshall Bros" London. and Fleming H. Revell 00.. New York. We pass by all else for the time, first of all, to fix attention on the Scripture teaching, and the progress of doctrine which is so conspicuous, when the great leading texts are set in order as they occur in the New 'restament.

Our Lord, as Matthew reports Him, is represented as saying in that first great discourse which held the germs of all His subsequent teaching: If ye then, being evil, know how to give good gifts unto your children, how much more shall your Father which is in Heaven give good things to them that ask Him? Matt. vii : 11.

Luke, in his report of the same discourse, was manifestly struck by a particular good gift, specified by our Lord: How much more shall your Heavenly Father give the Holy Spirit to them that ask Him? Luke xi : 13.

This Scripture is very important because upon a comparison of the Gospel narratives it appears to be the earliest statement, in the order of time, found in the New Testament as to the gift of the Spirit of God to the believer in answer to prayer. Up to this point there had been no mention of the Spirit of God, except in His relation to the person of Christ, or as connected with the gift of prophecy, as in Zacharias, Elizabeth, Simeon, etc., or by way of teaching the new birth, etc. But, from this point on, it becomes clearer, that believing prayer can claim of the Father a special gift of the Spirit, and a few texts bearing npon the development of this doctrine should ever be written large in the memory. Conspicuous among these are the following: In the last day, that great day of the feast, Jesus stood and cried: If any man thirst, let him come unto Me and drink. He that believeth on Me, as the Scripture hath said, out of his belly (i. e., the inner man) shall flow rivers of living water. But this spake He of the spirit which they that believe on Him should receive. For the Holy Ghost was not yet given .. because Jesus was not yet glorified. John vii: 37-39.

Here we reach a very distinct stage of progress in the unfolding of the truth. We now learn that this gift of the Holy Spirit will make the disciple's inner life a fountain of life to others, so that from him shall flow spiritual rivers of Holy Spirit power and influence, and that such gift of the Spirit waits for Christ's glorification as the condition of its bestowment.

Next, we meet that inspiring passage in Mark, which is so unique in its teaching as to the condition of a proper asking: And Jesus answering saith unto them, Have faith in God (or reckon on God's good faith). Therefore I say unto you, Vhat things soever ye desire when ye pray, believe that ye receive them and ye shall have them. Mark xi : 22-24.

Here we touch another sublime height of teaching. The first pas·

PILKINGTON OF UGANDA

sage quoted revealed God's fatherly readiness to give the Holy Spirit to them that ask Him; the second showed the effect of such gift in making the recipient a reservoir of living spiritual power and blessing. And now we are taught that in asking for such a supremely good gift we must reckon on the faithfulness of God to His promise; we must not only desire and pray fo], the Spirit, but we must trust our Heavenly Father to do as He says. Weare not to depend upon our consciousness of some new force within, or on our own inward frames of feeling. It is a question, not of perceiving, but of receiving. If we come and desire and ask, having no doubt that God will keep good faith with us, we shall have this good gift.

'1'he only other stage at which we need to tarry in this progressive teaching is the last discourse of our Lord, which is recorded in John xiv-xvi, where there is more teaching about the Spirit than in all the previous narratives of the four Gospels combined; out of this wonderful talk of our Master, we select two very significant sentences: He dwelleth with you and shall be in you. John xiv: 17.

Here then appears to be a declaration of a present fact and an intimation of a fact yet future. (7tap' vj1zv j1EVEl, Uat EV Vj1ZV corat.) There was a sense in which the Holy Spirit was already with them, but there was another sense in which He was yet to be revealed as in them. The other Scripture is John xvi: 7: Nevertheless, I tell you the truth: It is expedient for you that I go away, for if I go not away, the Comforter will not come unto you; but, if I depart, I will send Him unto you.

This teaching reaches mysterious elevations of truth. So important was this gift that to receive it would repay for Christ's withdrawal! How many of us have ever reflected on that fact and have come to realize its awe-inspiring grandeur! To have the personal companionship of the Lord Jesus, lmt lose the fulness of the Spirit's revelation within, would be a calamity-so Christ himself teaches.

How immeasurably important then, that every disciple should know his own need of the Spirit, should feel the impossibility of any compensation for such a lack, should understand how ready God is to give the Spirit, and should pray in faith for the gift!

There is one ditch into which many believers practically fall, so that they never get to the firm resting-place of actual reception of this crowning gift of God. They say the Spirit of God was on the day of Pentecost given, fully, finally, and to all believers, and hence is not to be sought or askt in prayer as an unbestowed boon. In a seme this is true, but in another sense it is a snare. There was on the day of Pentecost an outpouring of the Spirit on all believers. The new dispensation of the Holy Spirit was then inaugurated, and we are not, therefore, to look for any such bestowment of the Spirit. But individually we find disciples filled with the Spirit subsequently, and in Ephesians

THE PENTECOSTAL MOVEMENT

v : 18, we find a distinct command, "Be filled with the Spirit." There must therefore be some true sense in which we are to claim, receive, and avail ourselves of this last and greatest gift of God. As Christ was once offered for all, a sacrifice for sin, but every new believer takes Christ as a Savior, and so makes practically available the work of Christ for sinners, so the Holy Spirit was once for all given, but every believing child of God accepts and receives the fulness of this gift by faith, and practically it is to him as tho the Spirit had been specially given to him.

For the philosophy of the matter we are not jealous, but for the practical realization of the fact, we well may be; and it is perhaps best to drop all mere punctilious criticism of terminology and verbal expression in our intense desire that all disciples may know and make real their share in the Pentecostal gift.

One fact knocks over all hostile theories: Men and women are in our day comt'ng -into an eni£rely new experience by the endowment of the Holy Spirit.

The case of George L. Pilkington, of Uganda, whose newly-pub- lisht life is reviewed in this issue presents an instance in point.

Referring to his own need of the Spirit he says: If it had not been that God enabled me after three years in the mission field to accept by faith the gift of the Holy Spirit, I should have given up the work. I could not have gone on as I was then. A book by David, the Tamil evangelist, showed me that my life was not right, that I had not the power of the Holy Ghost. I had consecrated myself hundreds of times, but I had not accepted God's gift. I saw now that God commanded me to be filled with the Spirit. Then I read: "All things whatsoever ye pray and ask for, believe that ye have received them and ye shall have them" (Mark xi: 24, R. V.), and claiming this promise I received the Holy Spirit. (P.222.) I distinguish between the presence of the Holy Spirit with us and in us; our blessed Lord said to His disciples, "He abideth with you and shall be in you." John xiv: 17. (P.224.) "He that believeth on me, out of his belly shall flow rivers (not a stream or a simple river) of living water. Greater works than these shall ye do because I go unto the Father." What are these rivers and where are these mighty works? We must ask rather, where is "he that believeth on Him? Surely, He is not unfaithful to a single line of His promise. What wonder that infidelity abounds when the worst infidelity of all is in our hearts! What wonder if popery increases, when we have dethroned the Holy Spirit from our hearts!" (P. 223.) About this same time a great desire arose for mission services to be held in Uganda. In the absence of special missioners from abroad, it occurred to them that God wanted to use themselves, and all in prayer newly dedicated themselves to Him, and askt Him to baptize them anew. This was December 8, 1893.

That very morning they began. They had not told the people, but went up after prayer, at the usual time, believing for a blessing.

Mr. Pilkington conducted the meeting. They sang Have you been to Jesus fOf the cleansing power?

and Mr. Pilkington prayed, and then spoke of a very sad case which

PILKINGTON OF UGANDA

had indirectly led to the conviction that there was need of such meetings, and of a new power from God coming down on the native church and even on the missionaries. A certain Musa Yakuganda had come to the missionaries and askt to have his name given out as having returned to the state of a heathen. The reason he gave was startling. He said: "I get no profit from your religion." Being askt if he knew what he was saying, he replied: "Do you think I have been reading seven years and do not understand? Your religion does not profit me at all. I have done with it." Pilkington dwelt on this case, and pointed out what a cause of shame and reproach it was to the missionaries. The sense of need of the deeper and fuller life and power of the Spirit took strong hold on the missionary preachers and teachers, and first of all humbled them before God. Then bless- ing came to the whole native church. On two occasions hundreds were all praying for forgiveness, while others were in the simplest language praising God. 'fhe meeting, which began at 8.30 A. M., did did not close till 12, and then another service began in the church directly. Each morning fully five hundred were present, and they found them- sel ves in the midst of a great spiritual revival, and their joy was beyond expression. The after meetings saw two hundred waiting for individual dealing. Among others who were the fruits of this work was that same Musa who had askt his name to be announced as having gone back to heathenism. Great chiefs in the land boldly confest their wish to accept Christ, and one chief, who had been a leading teacher and suspended for misconduct, acknowledged, in the presence of the king and his pages, that he had not before accepted the Lord Jesus as his Savior, but did so then. The missionaries appointed the week following the mission services as a time for special meetings for the deepening of the spiritual life.

Those wonderful three days, Dec. 8-10, 1893, will never be for- . gotten. They were the signal for years of blessing, pentecostal in character and wonderful in results. First of all God had brought the missionaries to humble themselves, feel their need, and seek larger blessing-to be filled with the Spirit. Then they were led to confess to the native church their previous lack of faith, of power, and 'of prayer, and to ask God for forgiveness. Then came similar humilia- tions and confessions among the Christians of Uganda. Many who had been lookt upon as leading disciples began to see their lack also, and to realize a new force and power in their Christian experience. In fact, such a spirit of confession and humiliation was poured out on the native church, and such secret sins came to light in this great upturning and uncovering of hidden things, that the missionaries felt called on to restrain these public confessions, lest they should bring too great reproach on the name of Christ, and the awakened

THE PENTECOSTAL MOVEMENT

backsliders were counseled to seek the brethren for private confession )lnd prayer before God.

It was particularly noticeable how the conversions and reclamations were almost invariably connected with knowledge of the Word of God. At the Liverpool Conference in 1896, Mr. Pilkington said: "The power to read the Bible is the key to the kingdom of God. With the exception of one case, I have never known anyone to profess Christ who could not l'ead."

Throughout this great revival in Uganda God has put special and very remarkable emphasis upon the Holy Scriptures as the means both of the new birth and the new quickening in spiritual life. They adopted a plan of erecting reading houses, or, as the people called them, "synagogi," where native teachers could instruct the people under the supervision of more experienced workers. The system was organizcd and became a leadl:ng feature of the work in Uganda. It was the means of causing the revival which had started in the capital to spread that same year far and wide through the various outlying stations.

By April 1, 1894, between thirty and forty teachers had offered themselves for such service in the country districts, and thirteen were solemnly sent out in one Sunday, and seven more the next week. Shortly word came from the islands of an enormous increase of " reading." A spirit of new inquiry was found, even among Roman Catholics and Moslems. In the autumn of 1894, before the church at Mengo fell in a great storm, at least 2,000 were assembling every weekday morning, and in the 200 country churches some 7,000 more, and on Sundays 20,000 in the various places of meeting. Of these, 6,000 were in classes, under regular instruction; and this great work, reaching out over a circle of territory three hundred miles in diameter, and nearly one thousand in circumference, had to be directed by only twelve Europeans, who workt with the double hindrance of an imperfect knowledge of the language, and constant liability to fever. Yet with all these disadvantages, the work so rapidly extended that, when in December the year 1894 was reviewed, some such results as the following were obvious as signs of God's moving: When the year began the number of country churches, reading rooms, or synagogi, did not exceed twenty; at the close of the year there were tell times that number, and the ten largest would hold 4,500 persons. Exclusive of the capital, there were on week days not less than 4,000, and on Sundays, 20,000 hearers of the Gospel. The first teachers, paid by the native church, went forth in April, and in December there were 131 of these, in 85 stations, twenty of which, being outside Uganda proper, were in a sense foreign mission stations. Even these figures can not represent the whole work, nor does this number embrace all the teachers, twenty of whom not reckoned in the above number were at work at Jungo. At Bu'si also, an island near Jungo, there were three churches, and 2,000 people under instruction.

'piLKINGTON OF UGANbA. 32'1

The" readers" ordinarily became catechumens, and the catechumens candidates for baptism. In 1893 the catechumens numbered 170, during the year 1894 some 800 were baptized, and 1,500 catechumens remained. The movement, so far from having expended its force, seemed not yet to have reacht its height, and there was every evidence that an enormous accession would yet come, as was the case.

When Mr. Pilkington went to England on furlough, in the sum- mer of 1895, he electrified the audiences he addrest, by his stirring account of the dealings of God with the Uganda mission. And noth- ing was more noticeable in his addresses than the emphasis he laid on this fact, that the first step in this vivification of the church in Uganda was this, that the missionaries and teachers themselves were led to just views of their own deep need)' they saw the absolute neces- GEORGE L. PILKINGTON IN UGANDA.

sity for personal consecration, and the experience of a direct and supreme work of the Holy Spirit in themselves.

Here, then, we have another mighty argument for seeking, with a desperate sense of helplessness and with a confident faith in God's promise, Holy Ghost power. Not to Mr. Pilkington and his fellowworkers was this indispensable only, but the whole native church of Uganda owes the almost unparalleled movement of the last decade of years to the new enduements of power which proved to these missionaries such a divine equipment for their work.

It was this outpouring of Holy Spirit power whereby the native evangelists do grand work in U ganda,-another proof that Africa is to be ultimately evangelized by Africans, and that the office of missionaries from America and Europe is to raise up a native church, with trained native teachers. In Uganda, as in many other parts of the

THE PENTECOSTAL MOVEMENT

heathen world, the people can follow but can not lead, and some one from outside must lead and organize.

A few examples of the efficiency of these Waganda evangelists will suffice as representative cases.

A missionary visiting a small island in the lake two or three years ago, found but one person who could read at all. Two teachers were sent, and, after nine months, sixty were reading the Gospel. Two teachers were sent to another island, and in a year one very rude church building, that even when uncomfortably full could hold but one hundred, had multiplied into four, one of which would hold seven hundred; the congregation of a hundred had multiplied tenfold, and fifty or more had been baptized.

On the large island of Sese all the chiefs are Roman Oatholics. Yet there are some three hundred and twenty Protestants, nicknamed "The people of the Holy Ghost," which, like the nickname "Ohristians" at Antioch, is an honor, not a reproach; and these disciples, ignorant as they are, evince a like readiness with the early Ohristians to face opposition and persecution for His name, and nowhere has a greater desire for" reading" been shown.

The educational value of the reading of God's Word has been very noticeable in Uganda. The very physiognomy of the people seems to have been modified by it, so that it is almost possible to distinguish a reader by his outward appearance. The reality of (lod seems to impress itself on the native mind more forcibly by this daily poring over the pages of the New Testament, at first mechanically and almost blindly, then with eyes partially opened to catch a glimpse or a glimmering of the meaning, until, with another illumining touch of God, the Divine message of love is intelligently graspt. Sometimes the impression is like a driven nail clincht and fastened by a sermon, or a prayer service, or the faithful words of a friend. What a lesson God is thus teaching us all as to the honor and value He sets on His own 'Vord, and this at a time when, more than ever before, even profest Ohristian teachers in Ohristian lands seem bent on lowering in the public mind the sense of the dignity and majesty of the Heavenly message. At first those who hear these words find them unintelligible; such terms as sin and salvation, love and faith, convey little meaning to minds that have been cast in the narrow and crampt mold of heathenism. But as they hear and read, Scripture interprets itself, and under the light of the Spirit they get totally uew ideas of Divine mysteries.

The outcome of this Holy Spirit revival in Uganda can not be measured; only from the Spirit comes the clear vision of Divine truth, as well as the inward experience of Divine life. And in the native preachers t.here has been developt remarkable spiritual discernment and power in presenting truth.

l'ILKINGTON OF UQANDA

A preacher at Mengo said in his sermon that" to form a judgment of man's deserts, man's way is to put into one scale his evil deeds and vices, and into the other his virtues and religions observances; but that God's way in snch a case wonld be to pnt both these into the same deMt scale." This native preacher had learned that rudimental truth, hidden from many of the wise and prudent, that" all our righteousnesses are as filthy rags," and that the only hope of jnstification is that the perfect obedience of onr adorable Lord, J esns Christ, shall be placed in the credit scale, and so overbalance and ontweigh onr evil and selfish deeds.

Another preacher, discriminating between inward heart piety on one hand and ontwaxd religions observances on the other, used the following apt and original simile: Religion may be compared to a banana (the natural food of the Baganda). The real heart religion is the juicy pulp; the forms and ceremonies are the skin. While the two are united and undivided the banana keeps good until it is used. And so it is with religion. Separate the forms from the spirit, and the one will be of no more value than the banana husk, while the latter will speedily decay and become corrupt, apart from the outward expression. Observances have their value in protecting the holy germ within, and fostering the feelings of the heart. (P.248.) '1'he discourse had its suggestion in a certain spirit of insubordination, which sought to rebel against the ordinances of the church. But as Mr. Pilkington asks, "What European teacher could have used such a simile."

Another native preacher, referring to Romish teaching, said: No poisoner gives poison meat if he would remain undiscovered. The devil knows that. He has two devices; he will do one of two things; first try to deprive you ofo the food, and if he can not, he will corrupt it. (P.248.) Pilkington before British hearers pleaded earnestly for a sufficient force to take possession of this great opportunity in Uganda, for a hundred additional missionaries, men and women filled with the Holy Ghost, as organizers and leaders for native workers, at least ten of whom could mastel', and then translate into, the native tongues; and with rare insight into the true philosophy of missions he urged a new policy ~f occupation. He contended that the only true method of distributing missionary workers is to send a large force when a deS1;re for instruction and an agg7'essive missionary spirit have been strongly developt among the nai£ve converts, instead of sending the bulk of missionary force to places where there is neither desire for teachers nor a missionary spirit And his argnment is that the ultimate outcome of the former method will be far the greater in good. For instance, he says, after ten years little or no impression will have been made on the indifferent and hostile community, and this begets

TUE t>B-NTECOSTAL MOVEMENT

depression among the workers and in the church at home. Whereas, if the work at the field, where God's Spirit has been outpoured, were reenforced, it will so progress that it becomes a source of wide influence; a strong native church is developt with a large force of native evangelists, and thus the fire God has kindled is carried to the other field and transferred to this other center. The result is encouragement both among the missionary band and the supporters at home.

So strongly did this plea affect his hearers and the readers of his addresses that, for example, the missionaries of the Church Missionary Society in India askt the society, when it could be done, to send candidates offering to go to India, to Uganda, for the time being, instead, to avail themselves of the exceptional opening in that field, the growing conviction being that God's singular blessing in any particular field is a signal for a special reenforcement at that time of the force at work there.

Mr. Pilkington gave, in Britain, a vivid pictnre of the Uganda work in the shape of four consecutive scenes, afterward issued in pamphlet form, and called" The Gospel in Uganda."

A hundred thousand souls brought into close contact with the Gospel, half of them able to read for themselves; two hundred buildings raised by native Christians, in which to worship and read the Word of God; two hundred native evangelists and teachers wholly supported by the native church; ten thousand New Testaments in circulation; six thousand souls seeking instruction daily; numbers of candidates for baptism, confirmation, of adherents and teachers more than doubling each year for six or seven years, and God's power shown by their changed lives-and all these results in the very center of the world's thickest spiritual darkness and death shade!

This was in 1896, and later reports eclipse even this. The changes wrought by the Gospel in Uganda can be appreciated only by setting in sharp contrast the state of things in 1880 and in 1895. Old Isaiah, "the good-natured giant," will tell you how three hundred brothers and cousins of the king were penned within the narrow limits of the dike, still visible by the roadside, two or three miles north of Mengo, and by his orders left there to starve to death! A boy of fifteen lost sight of a goat he was herding, and his master cut off his ear. For a trifling misdemeanor both eyes were gouged out. An unfortunate courtier accidentally trod on the king's mat, and paid the penalty with his life. The king, simply to support his royal dignity, ordered the promiscuous slaughter of all who happened to be standing on his right and left hand, or all who might be met on the streets at a certain time, by a band sent out for the purpose of such slaughter. Should a remonstrance be made against killing the innocent, the answer would be, "If I only kill the guilty, the innocent will not respect me." Women and children were sold into hopeless slavery and misery. Spirits were believed in, feared, propitiated, and worshiped. Charms were worn; woman was a beast of burden, etc. Christ and his Gospel has changed all this. Domestic slavery no longer has any legal status, and any slave may claim freedom, and this claim will be honored. Woman takes her place

i'lL1UNGTON OF UGANDA

by man's side. Conversion has brought victory over vicious habits; cruelty is seen to be cruelty, and ar'ound the Lord's table gather from time to time those who were once darkness, but now light in the Lord, "washed, sanctified, justified, in the name of the Lord Jesus, and by the Spirit of our God."

One remark we feel constrained to make, as we read the brief account of dear Pilkington's death. This invaluable missionary and translator, whatever may be the justification of it, joined the troops in quelling the second mutiny. He took up his position with Oaptain Harrison, who was leading the attack. :Men were seen coming toward them, and were thought to be Waganda, but they opened fire, and proved themselves to be N ubians. One of them took deliberate aim at Pilkington several times, but each time missed him. Then Pilkington returned the fire, but the shots went equally wide of the mark. He fired again at Pilkington, and this time shot him right through the thigh, bursting the femoral artery. One of Harrison's Nubian officers then shot and killed the man who had inflicted on Pilkington his fatal wound. Shortly after, the beloved missionary fell asleep. He had gone out in the morning at seven; he was brought back before 9 P. M. dead.

vVe have had more than once a doubt whether Ohrist's messengers of peace are to take up weapons of war; whether literally our weapons in the mission field, if they are to be mighty through God to the pulling down of strongholds, are not to be spiritual in character. Had Pilkington kept himself to his work of translation and evangelization, he would have been, so far as man can see, alive to-day. One can not but notice how, nntil he returned the fire, he seemed to be Divinely sheltered from the deliberate aim of the foe; but after he fired his shots, the first return fire was fatal. What impression must be made on the heathen whom we seek to win to Ohrist, when they see a missionary taking up a rifle and marching against them! "The Son of Man came not to destroy men's lives, but to save them." And what was the act by which the life of the man who had shot down Pilkington was taken, but an act of retaliation ! We know of one missionary society, whose unswerving principle it is not to attempt any act of violence, even in self-defense; and they have never yet lost but one life by any act of violence on the part of the natives among whom they labor. With the utmost tenderness we feel constrained to ask whether our missionaries should not keep themselves to their work as God's heralds and witnesses, and whether an entirely pacific mission on their part would not seem in the eyes of pagans more consistent with their profession and the spirit of their :Master. For ourselves we have long felt that war is not the occupation of the missionary, and every new instance, snch as the beloved Pilkington furnishes, seems to erect a new warning for God's servants.

MIsSION WORK AMONG TRE LAOS OF INDO-CRINA

MISSION WORK AMONG THE LAOS OF INDO CHINA.-II.

BY WILLIAM A. BRIGGS, M.D., LAKAWN.

Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions (North).

For years the eyes of the missionaries among the Laos of Northern Siam have been turned to the vast unoccupied territories to the north and east of the present mission stations. A score or more mountain tribes, each speaking a separate language, and millions of Laos-speaking people far beyond our present stations, are dependent upon us for the knowledge of the Gospel. Dr. Daniel McGilvary (called by some the Apostle Daniel) has for years made extensive tours to the north and northeast. Other missionaries have also, from time to time, visited parts of this great outlying territory, and have done faithful work 111 sowing the seed. God has promist the harvest.

The immense distances to be traveled, and the rough character of the country, make it impossible to follow up this work from our present stations. With a view, therefore, to establishing a station in British territory to the north, and a station in French territory to the northeast, two committees were appointed to explore these regions during the year 1897, as much as possible covering territory heretofore unvisited. Rev. D. McGilvary, D.D., and Dr. S. C. Peoples were appointed to take a tour through French territory to the east and northeast, while the Rev. W. O. Dodd and I were appointed to take a tour through British territory to the north and northwest.* From Lakawn we were absent ninety days. " We slept in Buddhist monasteries more frequently than elsewhere. We came into close contact with the religions and the superstitions of the people. We distributed books, explained picture rolls of scenes in the life of Ohrist, gave away medicines free and in exchange for food, and sought to point all to Him who is both Teacher and Healer." We traveled in a strange land, among strange people, most of whom had never seen the face of a white man before, and everywhere, except ill one small village, we and our message received a most cordial reception.

On Monday, Nov. 8, 1897, at 2.20 P. M., from the height of 5,000 feet above sea level, we saw before us the plain of Oheung Tung. Our eyes beheld in the distance the scene to which our hearts and minds had wandered many times during the past few years. But the view was disappointing. Mountains-mountains everywhere; and the plain-a spot the size of a man's hand. Yet this was Oheung Tung, and our hearts were glad. 'rhis tiny spot among the mountains proved to be a plain ten miles wide by twenty miles long, with a city greater in area and population than any city yet known to us in all the Laos-speaking territory.

• A limited number of the reports of these committees can be had by applying to the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. A MARKET SCENE IN CHEUNG TUNG.

Ten full days were spent at the city of Cheung Tung·-days and nights of work, with but li ttle rest. Such openings presented themselves for evangelistic work that it was decidedly a trial to be unable to remain longer. We were, however, comforted with the thought that hundreds of portions of God's Word had been distributed, and the seed had thus been sown in what seemed to us prepared soil. The Sabbath which we spent in Cheung Tung was big :!llarket day, and we might then have judiciously disposed of every Laos book we had brought with us. We had about two hundred pounds' weight of literature with us, but our whole stock could have been disposed of in any one of half it dozen towns.

On the morning of Friday, Nov. 19, we separated, Mr. Dodd going northeast, while I kept on to the north, both of us crossing into the province of Yunnan, China. On our way homeward we met one month later at Muang Yawng, and, with great rejoicing, rehearsed all the way the Lord had led us.* Certainly, our eyes had seen and our ears had heard much of which we had never dreamed. What joy to give the Bread of Life to hungry soulsl What a happy burden had been laid upon us, and what a cause fo r rejoicing, to know that through the medium of our Laos language we can (if the church send us) give to the people in all the territory through which we traveled the t ru th as it is in Jesus. 'fhe following inciden ts from my own experiences illustrate equally the experience of Mr. Dodd.

At Muang Mah, in Laam province, I was kept so busy attending the sick and answering the questions in regard to the" religion of Jesus," that I found it difficult to press my way through the crowd Sabbath afternoon and ride off to visit another village near by. The • Our rejoicing was increast b y the presence with us of Rev. Robert Irwin, who waS returning from America via Burma and the Shan States. head man of the village showed deep interest, listening for hours to the message of truth. The highest official of the district, an old white-haired governor, sent a special messenger to call us to his place, asking to hear our message, and listening to it most thankfully, thoughtfully, and even devoutly. In the evening over thirty of those most interested, who had waited hours in the temple for my return, were gathered together for a farewell meeting. The picture roll was exhibited, and for an hour and a half those people listened with eager attention to the story of the birth, life, death, resurrection, ascension, and promist coming again of our blessed Lord. A special endeavor was made to have them understand the main particulars, and the effort was graciously rewarded by hearing them spontaneously repeat the main features of the story over and over again to each other. An appeal was made to them not to treat our message as mere gossip, but as the Word from the only true God, and as that which pertained to their own eternal welfare. The appeal and the message were received with outspoken gratitude and intelligent interest, many of the people remaining till long after midnight, reading the books and tracts by the light of the fire, and asking questions of the Christians in our company.

On Monday morning, Nov. 29, I and my boy rode on ahead of the caravan into Muang Laam City, crossing over a mountain 5,800 feet above sea-level. We arrived at the city at 11.20 A. M., in time to see the great market, which was, indeed, worth seeing. Here our message was listened to with a similar interest to that shown in Muang Mah. One A GROUP OUTSIDE THE TElIIPLE IN HUANG LAAlII, YUNNAN, CRINA. priest paid us eight or ten visits-coming every night after dark and staying until we were too tired to talk longer. He was given a copy of our Scriptures (so far as yet publisht), and spent many hours in diligent study, asking thoughtful questions that he might be able to teach others. Just as we were starting on our homeward journey, this priest came with questions as to whether or not the genealogies of Jesus had any special significance or importance in the plan of salvation. After a brief explanation, I was obliged to jump on my horse and hasten after our caravan, which was almost out of sight.

THE WILD WAHS OF YUNNAN.

In Muang Laam we saw for. the first time the real" Wild Wahs," who are big, strong, robust, ugly, black, fierce-looking creatures. Certainly one felt like maintaining a comfortable distance between one's neck and the big butcher knife that was stuck unsheathed into the loin-cloth of every Wah. The Wild Wahs occupy the mountains of the southwestern corner of Yunnan province, China, and the British territory contiguous to it. In customs, costume, and physical appearance they may well be called" wild." It would be difficult to imagine any family of the human race with less cultivation than these black-skinned, almost naked head-hunters. There were a few hundred of them at the market in Muang Laam City on the day of our arrival, and our immediate sensations would be hard to describe. We thought of all the horrible missionary picture books which we had, in boyhood, secretly considered fiction, and we decided that the truth was emphatically stranger. Yet these people have a civilization of their own. They have some thirteen weeungs (cities) in their mountain fastnesses, and are so strong that they have for eight years been able to defy and defeat the armies of China sent to overcome them. This year China is determined to end the matter, and has entered upon a war for the utter extermination of these savages. Tho China may be unsuccessful, the Wahs will in time be compelled to give in. Races of men, more wild and savage than the Wahs, have been compelled to give in, not by a war of death, but by a war of life, light, and love. Our conversation with the Chinese commissioner on these lines provoked no cynical smile, but an exprest desire to know more of this matter. The history of the Christianity of Christ gives no cause to be ashamed of the practical power of the Gospel.

Between seven and eight hundred years ago the Wahs, living in a district called Sam Tow, near Cheung 'l'oong Oity, were converted to Buddhism, and now call themselves Plangs. These Plangs are Buddhists of the strictest type, and seemingly it is only the fault of Buddhism itself that they are not better Buddhists. They are faithful, but continue to look for something satisfying. "Every boy among this remarkable folk enters the priesthood, and there learns the Laos language. This solves the problem of how to give the Gospel to the score of mountain tribes in Indo-Ohina. Each tribe speaks a language unintelligible to the others, but while the Plangs retain their own language, most of even the women and children also understand and speak the language of their religion, the Laos. All the men can read our Laos printed books."

These people, hungry for tnt th that satisfies, and longing for light, are very anxiously awaiting the coming of the promist Messiah of Buddhism. What a preparation for the true Messiah! At every Sam Tow village which we visited the people listened with rapt attention to all we told them, and eagerly requested books, which were distributed carefully among them. In one village the people remained till far on into the night, asking qllestions-llOt about the" outside country," but about the upper country and the God who had come to earth, and who seemed t.o them to be surely the One for whom they had been looking eagerly these many years. I was finally obliged to request them to leave that I might rest. I then went to say farewell to the abbot of the monastery, who was sitting in state, teaching the priests and novitiates their lessons. I presented him with a copy of the Gospel according to St. Matthew, which he accepted with thanks. As I turned to go, I found two or three men to whom I had given leaflets, who implored me to explain some things to them more fully. 'rhus for a shalf hour after midnight I preacht on the "Lord's Prayer" and "Oome unto Me," having for an audience the two or three men of the village, the abbot, and some twenty odd priests and monks, all of whom gave most respectful and thoughtful attention. In the morning, at 5 o'clock, the abbot and all the people of the village were out to wish me many good things; promising a warm welcome should I return.

Are we going to leave these warm-hearted, earnest people-once wild Wahs-to seek on without the help we can give them? The Ohurch must answer. It is well said, "'Yhere the emblem of Anglo- Saxon liberty has once been raised it must never be hauled down." Last year we planted the emblem of eternal life, liberty, and love four hundred miles beyond our farthest outpost. Is it to be hauled down? Or will the Ohurch say, "Go back at any cost, and occupy the land in the name of Ohrist and His Ohurch ?"

There are open doors on all sides. Strong, able, consecrated men and women are ready to enter. Bnt the word has gone out that the Presbyterian Ohurch is saying, "The debt is paid, let us take a holiday." We can not believe it. 'rhe church is made up of men and women who know that since the debt is paid, it is just the tilme for keeping out of debt, not by selling part of our birthright, not by mortgaging a corner of our vineyard, but by enthusiastic labor and consecrated self-denial. To-day the Womau's Foreign Missionary Socie-

PHEACHING '.rHE GOSPEL TO THE LAOS IN BURMA

ties are stronger than ever. The Ohristian Endeavor societies are active in missionary work. Many Sabbath-schools are taught to think and to pray and to give for missions. Missionary literature is flooding the country as never before. God has again blest the land with peace and prosperity. Bugle calls of triumph are heard from our missionary army 'scattered among the nations. Despatches are being received from our pioneer corps in Ohina, Korea, Siam, Laos, and other fields, calling for reenforcements and supplies. What shall the answer be ? It must be quick, definite, and decisive. If the Presbyterian Ohurch loyally and liberally supports the work already entered npon, the answer is " go forward," otherwise-no, I believe there wiII be no otherwise.

A GROUP OF KAWS IN THE BRITISH SHAN STATES.

PREAOHING 'l'HE GOSPEL TO THE LAOS IN BURMA.

REV. W. C. DODD, CHEUNG HAl, NORTHERN SIAM. Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions.

Mrs. Dodd and I left our home in Oheung Hai, North Siam, on the 7th of March, 1898, and spent three and a half months itinerating. Nearly all of that time we were in territory which has, within the past four years, become a part of Burma, but the population of which is nearly all Laos. We traveled by boat some distance up the Maa Kawng, then took pony express, limited-very mnch limited, both by the size of the pony and by the short stages it could traverse-usually from ten to fifteen miles a day. More than a month was spent at Oheun~ Tun~, the capital of the E&f)tern Shan States of Upper Burm&. W. C. DODD PREACHING TO A MOUNTAIN TRIBE IN A KAW VILLAGE 1 CHEUNG TUNG.

We both preacht, but not in the same way. I took few texts, Mrs. Dodd took none, but neither of us spoke from manuscript. We had two picture 1'0113 of scenes in the life of Christ. 'l'hese spoke to the eyes of the people, while wc assaulted ear-gate. Sometimes I wouid be explaining one set, and Mrs. Dodd the other at the same time. We simply told about Jesus to those who, with few exceptions, had never before had Christ and the resurrection preacht to them. Most of our large audiences were in Buddhist monasteries, and often included the monks, but we also went to private houses and talkt to the people, who quickly came together. Sometimes our audicnce did more talking than we, but this was the exception. L sually we had the strictest attention, and plenty of questions afterward, or respectfully put during the telling of the story.

While in Cheung Tung, we turned our boatmen and carriers into colporteurs. Some of them were not Christians themselves, but they did good work in assisting the native Christians in evangelism. All alike were detailed daily, with books and a picture roll. They pretty well covered the villages in the Cheung 'rung plain. More than seven hundred copies of a small tract, on the essentials of truth as it is in Christ, were thus distributed. On market days we were all especially busy. 'rhese market days come once in every five in all the large towns in this region. '['hey are attended by people from all the contiguous villages, some coming so far that they have to· sleep a night on the way. In this way books and the spoken word of truth had a wide dissemi!1ation. Many exprest a desire to learn more. In order to understand the way these people receive the Word, a little Buddhist theology is necessary. According to this theology, myriads upon myriads of ages ago, a white crow living in a "nikote"

tree, laid five eggs. Earthquake, thunder, and tornado envelopt these eggs round about, and scattered them. Each was taken by a foster-mother and hatcht. They became respectively, Kahkoosuntah, Konahmanah, Kasappa, Kotama (afterward Gotama Buddha), and Ahreyah Mettai. After living for a time as sons of the white crow, tlley were reborn in the upper worlds as water lilies or lotus. There they agreed that the lotus which first budded should be born on the earth, as a Buddha, to bless animals and men. First, Kahkoosuntah's lotus budded, and ·he became a Buddha for 5,000 years. His appearance was like gold. At the end of 5,000 years he entered Nirvana, or, as it is called here, Nipplin. After him came Konahmanah, like a jewel, 3,000 years, then Nipplin. Then down came Kasappa, white as milk, for 2,000 years. 'rhen the lotus of Ahreyah Mettai, who was next in age, came to bud, but Kotama swapped lilies with him on the sly, and, coming down to earth, was born on the island of Ceylon. It is acknowledged that his natural life was only 80 years, but it is claimed that he has merely entered upon the second stage of Nipplin, of whieh there are three in all. The first he entered when he made the great renunciation under the sacred Po tree. The second one he entered at death, and in this he still retains consciousness and power; he can come on invitation to inhabit his images, and can bless his votaries. Thus his" life" is not yet ended. It is to last 5,000 years, when he will attain the final stage of Nipplin-complete annihilation -for a time. His religion is only a preparatory one, admonishing to negative virtues, and warning against positive vices. Some say that at the end of the 5,000 years, others, when all men become pure as, white milk-Ahreyah Mettai will take his turn, out of which he was cheated by Kotama, and be born. He is to combine all the glories ot person, and all the virtues and powers of his four brothers who have preceded him, and is to live and reign 84,000 years. All who have white hearts will be born or reborn at that time; and when he enters Nipplin, they too shall enter, and thus stop the hitherto ceaseless round of transmigration. Yet, only for a time. After cycles of ages, all must begin the dreary round again, the five brothers, animals, and men alike.

Most of our auditors lookt upon Jesns for the next Buddha, the Savior, Ahreyah Mettai. Many lifted both hands in worship of the pictures, the books, and the preachers. This, of course, we forbade, and tried to explain how far superior Christ is to Ahreyah Mettai.

The general expectation of a Messiah dou btless explains the reception accorded our colporteurs. '1'hey were treated in most places as the messengers of the Buddhist Messiah. Offerings of food, flowers, and wax tapers were made to them. In return, they were expected to bless the givers. They explained that they themselves were sinners, deriving all merit and blessing from Jehovah God, and then reverently asked a blessing from Him. 'rhus Christian services were held in hundreds of heathen homes.

How many cycles will it be, think ye, at the present rate, and such fast and loose playing at missions, before voluntary, intelligent, Ohristian service~ shall ascend to Jesus the King from these homes?

il40 MISSIONARY INTEREST AND MISSIONARY INCOME

MISSIONAHY INTEREST AND MISSIONARY INCOME.

A SYMPOSIUM.

We have askt a number of the leading secretaries, pastors, laymen, and women of different denominations to give in a few words the results of their thought, observation, and experience as to the cause for decrease in the income of soine of our foreign missionary boards, and the best means of increasing and maintaining the interest in and the contributions to the foreign missionary work. We purposely selecteci parties in different fields, and having different convictions and experiences, in order that the subject might be presented as broadly as possible in the brief space allowed. For the editorial comment on this important subject see the Editorial Departrnent.-EDITORS.

THE RESPONSIBILITY OJ<' PASTORS. By REV. WILTON MERLE SMITH, D.D., Pastor of the Central Presbyterian Church, New York.

The decrease in the income of many of our mission boards is due undoubtedly to the recent depression of the business interests, and to the ever-increasing demands of local charities.

The rerned.1llies largely in the hands of the pastors. The lack of interest on the part of many of the pastors in the great missionary work of the church is discreditable to the last degree. '1'here never fails to be an earnest missionary church when there is an earnest missionary pastor. The lazy, slipshod, indifferent way in which missionary offerings are made in many of our churches is a crying shame to the cause of Christ, The pastors have the remedy in their own hands. 1. Let them present often, faithfully, and fervently, the cause of systematic beneficence. Let them teach their people that worshipful and proportionate giving ought to be an important and integral part of their religion.

2. Let the old missionary concerts be galvanized into life. Have a lantern or stereopticon, and throw on the screen pictures of fields, of mission buildings, of different phases of the work. Let the pastor be willing to do a little hard work.

3. Let each church send out its own missionary. If possible let him spend six months working in the church before his departure, and then go out to some foreign field with the prayers of the church behind him. Let him have a camera, and send home pictures to be thrown upon the screen in the monthly missionary meetings. Let his letters be read at the same time. The church by and by will begin to burn with missionary zeal. Not only this missionary's support will be easy, but the general offering of the church will be doubled on account of the increast interest in the subject.

4. If the pastor has little interest, the trouble lies in his lapsing spiritual life. He knows little of the mind of Christ. Let him go to Northfield next August, and get a baptism of new fire, and of the Holy Ghost.

THE TRUE MOTIVE AND SPIRIT OF MISSIONS.

By REV. JAMES 1. VANCE, Pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, Nashville, Tenn.

Back of the inadequate maintenance of any cause will be found a waning interest in its purpose, and a weakened conviction of its importance. The diminisht income of foreign missionary societies ft,nd boards is not satisfactorily explained by saying that the Ch111'Ch i[l

THE RESPONSIBILITY OF PASTORS

in a state of spiritual declension, or that church members are possest of a parsimonious spirit, or that Christians are in the grip of hard times. All of this may be true-it is probably false-but it fails to explain. The decrease in contributions is due to a waning interest in the cause of foreign missions, and to a weakened conviction, of its importance. 'rhree things have contributed to this result.

1. Mistakes have been made in the motives used to awaken an interest in the cause. It is not necessary to damn the universe in order to get an argument for foreign missions. The zeal that has been awakened by the vision of the heathen world marching in unbroken phalanx down to perdition is too hysterical. We may differ as to its scriptural correctness, but we can agree that all decisions pertaining tO,the final destiny of certain classes of our fellow-men may safely be left in the hands of the Supreme Judge of all men. It is a far higher and truer motive that gets its plea from the cross of Christ. '1'he interest that is awakened by a decree of retribution is likely to lack longevity, but the interest that is created by fellowship with Jesus Christ, by devotion to His command, and faith in His ideas, will never suffer diminution.

2. Mistakes have been made in the management of missionary work. Whether justly or not, these mistakes have imprest many earnest Christians with the belief that oftentimes there has been a lack of economy, and sometimes a lack of judgment. Perhaps this impression has not been well-founded, but whether just or not, the suspicion has been aroused. and the result has been diminisht contributions. The glory of foreign Ii1issions is the spirit of sacrifice which is thought to be embodied in them. Once break that spell, and the cause ceases to be magnetic. Let the church suspect that there is extravagance in the management of missions, or that pastors and missionaries who represent this canse, and plead for its generous support, are themselves lacking in that spirit of Calvary, and the fountain of Christian generosity flows weak.

3. It is popular and common to lay everything that is wrong in our church life at the door of the Higher Criticism. 'rhis is not quite fair. There is no doubt, however, that the rationalistic spirit, which has been so much in 'evidence of late years, should be made to bear a large share of responsibility for the falling off in contributions to for~ eign missions. It has tended to weaken the faith of many in the inspired authority of the Bible. It has cast a cloud of doubt over many portions of the Book that bear directly upon the subject in hand. It has supplanted the teachings of Jesus wiLh certain theories gathered from the comparative study of religions, and which insist that the best religion for a people depends upon the intellectual, li;Dcial, and moral status of that people. If it be true that Christianity is the best religion only for those people who have attained the highest, or a high degree of civilization, foreign mission is not only unnecessary, but quixotic. This subtle spirit of doubt has unconsciously poisoned the minds of many Christians. It has affected them sufficiently to lead them to write an interrogation point where they nsed to write a period. The inevitable result is that they give less. Doubt as to the value of the investment leads them to hesitate.

If the foregoing diagnosis be correct, the cure is not hard to dis-

MissiONAity iNTEREST AND MISStONARY INCOME

cover. We must get back to the old confidence in the Book. We must argue our cause from the throne of God and the cross of Cal- vary, rather than from the dogma of eternal punishmeut. Above all, then, must be a fresh baptism of the old-fashioned spirit of sacrifice that made lustrous the careers of the pioneer missionaries. Softness in service will never stir the pulse of liberality; hardship and sacrifice will. It is the old glory that we need above all things else. The cause that has the cross conspicuous in all its struggles will not fail of the adequate support of God's people. We need the spirit of that brave Scotch soldier who fell in the battle of Atbora. As the Came- ron Highlanders stormed the heights, Capt. Urquhart fell, fatally wounded. His comrades gathered around him to bear the wounded man from the field, but he motioned them away, as he said: "Never mind me, lads; go on." It is such devotion as this to any cause that makes friends rally to its support. It is precisely the spirit which the Savior breathed upon the missionary cause, when, for the first time, He sent His disciples forth to preach the Gospe1. 'rhe old spirit of sacrifice in the cause itself will, more than all else, be the guaranty of its sufficient support.

BROAD VIEWS AND DEEP CONVICTIONS.

By Rev. C. M. LAM30N, D.D., Hartford, Connecticut, President of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.

The law of cause and effect is better stated as " causes and effect," for usually the effect is the result of two or more causes. The decrease in the income of foreign missionary boards has several explanations; no one can dispute if we affirm them to be causes.

1. The present educational and philanthropic appeal, while it may appear to many as more rational and acceptable, is certainly not as vivid and impressive as that presented twenty-five years ago. To say to the churches, " Men and women are forever lost if you do not now send them the Gospel," was a very awakening appea1. For this there is no remedy but that of making the Hew motive as imperative as the old. Make clear to Christians that if their faith is so real then it must be preacht. The apostle creed means the creed of apostles, of men who must preach to the world what they believe. The missionary spirit is t·he measure of the quality and intensity of our faith.

2. 'l'he nearness and variety of the needs and charities of the times diminish somewhat the unique interest in foreign missions. Great numbers of societies and causes now claim the aid of the churches. A small local interest often receives as much as the great world-wide cause of missions. The remedy for this is the constant affirmation of the fact that the world is one, and that all are neighbors. 'l'he Christian heart must learn from Christ that the unit of Christian interest and work is the UJorld. The whole circle is the unit-the degrees are parts of the circle. The circle is not the sum of the degrees. To think rightly of any human need, or serve rightly any local interest, one must know, lc>ve, and serve the whole.

3. There is a growing impression that the so-called ethnic religions

VIEWS OF A LAYMAN

are fairly well auapted to meet the needs of other races. Through the "Parliament of Religions" and the study of comparative religion, the thought has obtained some influence that the need of the world for Christianity, or rather for Christ, is not immediate or imperative. This seems to imply that there is among Christians a diminisht sense of the necessity of the Gospel for all men. Christianity is lookt upon as a local religion, the religion of a sLlperior civilization. The remedy for this impression is the clearer conviction, gained from the Scriptures, that Christ is the only Savior, and that He is the Savior for all men. The world needs not a religion, but the religion. '1'he best religion is necessary for the lowest race. If Christian teachers and preachers would learn from missiollaries and other sources, what the religions of the world are doing for the people who accept them, of the degradations and sufferings and slaveries they produce, or allow and can not cure, and would teach this to the churches, something might be done to lead all who love Christ to preach Him to the world.

The remedy for all the hindrances might be in increasing the knowledge of what missions are doing. "They are doing more to-day for '1'urkey t·han all the European powers combined," says Dr. Hep- worth. Missions are the pioneers of commerce, and make the world more productive. But the real remedy must be in a more entire devotion to Olm:st, and a consequent spirit of sacrifice, in 'order that the world may have His Gospel. Those who have to do with the active efforts of missionary organizations, and at the same time with the life of the churches, feel that the close union of the two needs, not that criticism be met concerning auministration, nor that the so-called causes of decline of interest be removed, but that in some way the men, the middle-aged business men, the active masculine force of the congre- gation, be so interested in the duty and privilege of evangelizing the world, that they shall even make sacrifice to give to the great work.

When we have solved the question, How shall we reach business men with the touch of the Gospel truth? we shall have solved the question of decrease of income by making it no longer a question.

THE VIEWS OF A LAYMAN.

JOHN H. CONVERSE, Esq., Philadelphia, Pa.

Among the causes for the decrease in income of the foreign mIS_ sionary societies and boards, may be mentioned the following: 1. The foreign missionary work has lost, to some extent, the element of adventure, heroism, and self-sacrifice. The spirit which animated the Crusaders in the middle ages was reflected in the spirit which inspired men in the early part of this century to adventure their lives in the foreign field, and which stimulated those at home to sustain the work. The extension of all that is involved in nineteenth century civilization, and the spread of material improvements, have brought heathen lands nearer to us, and rendered us more familiar with their actual condition. Familiarity has bred indifference.

2. The multitude of causes now appealing to OLlr churches, is probably another reason. '1'he number of benevolent objects in which the church may take an interest is legion. The work which may be

MISSIONARY INTEREST AND MISSIONARY INCOME

accomplisht by the institutional church, the claims of the different boards directly connected with the church, the appeals for educational, philanthropic, and humane work generally, have trencht on the interest and means of the benevolent.

3. Lack of information as to the real methods and results of foreign missions is another element of the problem. Many earnest and excellent Ohristians are not sufficiently informed on this point, and have only a vague idea of what is being done, and what remains to be done.

The consideration last named suggests the course which should be taken to stimulate a greater and more abiding interest in foreign missions.· It is in the power of the pastor to promote such organization and action as will lead to an increase of contributions. The dissemination of periodicals and other literature bearing upon missions, the monthly concert of prayer in the interest of missions, the presentation of the subject from the pulpit, and the promotion of missionary organizations in the churches, are all needful and proper means of promoting greater liberality and more adequate support of the foreign missionary work.

A QUICKENED SPIRITUAL LIFE.

By REV. HENRY C. MABIE, D.D., Boston, Secretary of the American Baptist Missionary Union.

As far as the American Baptist Missionary Union is concerned, while there have been years in the last decade in which there have been larger deficits, they can not fairly be attributed to a decrease of interest in missions so much as to incid.ental causes. If we consider the past decade as a whole, and make allowance for these factors, we find a sum total of markt gain.* The relative number of our contributing churches has very largely increast, and the circulation of our literature has practically doubled. Oonsidering that six years of the past ten has been a period of uncommon financial depression in the country as a whole, we can not but feel that the record made by our churches under the divine blessing is occasion for uncommon thankfulness and rejoicing.

Yet, while saying this, nearing the close of our present fiscal year, * Previous to 1890 there were only two years in which the donations from our churches exceeded $200,000; the offerings from the same source for the last decade have averaged $320,- 000 per year. Within the same period the number of our missionaries has increast from 262 to 474. The contributions just referred to take no account of income from legacies, contributions to Wt)nlSn'S societies, income from funds, etc. If these were included, the average annual income for the past nine years would be nearly double the amount received in dona· tions from the churches. It is true that there have been two years in which unusual stimnla"" tion was applied to our churches. First, in the effort of the centennial year (1892), when we raised from the churches alone over $600,000 of funds available for current work; and again, in 1897–8, when we raised $749,298.31, paying the large debt of about $300,000, besides carrying the regular work of that year. Each of these efforts was naturally attended with a markt falling off in the year immediately succeeding. Of course, some anxiety was occasioned the society again in each instance, so that it will be true to say that there has been a sort of chronic dread of deficits, and much talk about the danger and evil of them. This talk, doubtless, has contributed somewhat to the general impression that is abroad-that t he interest of our churches in foreign missions is dying out.

THE SECRET OF WOMEN'S SUCCESS

and our work requiring $350,000 in donations from the churches, we are in considerable suspense whether the year can be closed without a deficit. The fact is, the wide opportunities everywhere, and the ardent enterprise for possessing new fields is always pressing mission boards to occupy faster than the churches seem able to follow, consid- ering the ever-expanding home demands upon their resources. I do not doubt that the markt defection in faith in many influential quarters, the influence of the Parliament of Religions, and loose views generally on the subject of comparative religions, not to mention the great increase of worldliness in the churches, has had much to do with the deficits in the past, and with the general inadequacy of funds for the increase of the work abroad.

'fhe question as to how to stimulate general, steady, and abiding interest, so as to secure larger giving, fundamentally concerns the development in the church of the vision which Christ had of this world-the increase of motive to personally reincarnate Him among the heathen-and the Christian use of income with respect to the execution of His last great commission. The ultimate problem is that of the deepening and broadening of the spiritual life, and for this the ministry, the Christian press, and our Christian schools are chiefly responsible.

THE SECRET OF WOMEN'S SUCCESS.

Mrs. J. T. GRACEY, Rochester, N. Y., Secretary of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

I consider myself very fortunate in being connected with a missionary society whose income has not decreast during the past few years, bu t has steadily increast. This society has raised within the past five years a little over one million five hundred thousand dollars, which is an advance of more than a quarter of a million dollars over the preceding five years. These results have been accomplisht by the women in one of the most remarkable periods of financial depression this country has ever known, and at a time when some other missionary societies have fallen behind in their contributions. There has been also in the same time an advance in anxiliary societies, young people's organizations, members, etc. Moreover, there has also been a steady increase in the subscriptions to our four missionary periodicals,* by which the society is sending missionary information into more than seventy-three thousand homes. Within the last five years ninety missionaries have been sent to the foreign field, against fiftysix sent in the preceding five years.

The contributing causes to these results have been various, such • The Woman's Missionary Friend, the organ of the society, has a subscription list of 20.857: The Children's Missionary Friend, 21,759, and The Study, a monthly leaflet for the uniform study of mission fields and subjects, has now reached 27,000, while the paper pubJisht in German for the German constituency, has 3,510 subscribers.

MISSIONARY INTEREST AND MISSIONARY INCOME

as a very complete organization, systematic and not impulsive gIvmg, the little from the many rather than the large donation from the few, a free use of missionary literature, systematic study of all phases of work, both at home and abroad; the itineraries of returned missionaries, bringing the auxiliary societies in sympathetic touch with their representatives; the distribution of thousands of mite boxes in the homes, gathering up the small amounts; giving special work to the individual or society who become interested in the development of their protege, in educational and spiritual lines; and the observance of a thank-offering day. The observance of this day has become very general, and since its inauguration, some fourteen years ago, over two hundred and thirty-three thousand dollars have come into the treasury through this channel alone.

The funds of this society are not only raised, but distributed by the women. The appropriation of all money is also made by them, so that they feel a measure of responsibility, which is healthful. These are some of the reasons why the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church has recently taken no backward steps, and we believe that similar methods will produce similar results elsewhere.

EDUCATION OF THE YOUNG PEOPLE.

~1iss V. F. PENROSE, Germantown, Pa.

The people of the United States spend annually for jewelry, $450,- 000,000; for tobacco, $600,000,000; for liquor, $1,200,000,000; and their capital is $80,000,000,000. And yet the funds being contributed by the Christian Church to foreign missions are utterly inadequate to meet the demands of a growing work. Why?

The reason is not found only in the increase of benevolent objects at home, hospitals, asylums, all sorts of charitable work, each claiming our supreme attention. Giving is not systematic. Worldliness has increast, "and the love of many has waxt cold." A personal interview with the living Christ is needed. The" unbelieving world," as has recently been said, is the church at home God's power has not changed. If we would lay hold on Christ we would realize at once the eternal truth of His words: "All power is given unto Me." Ignorance of the world-wide work abounds, and largely explains the situation.

A factor most neglected, a most important factor, is our Snndayschools. True, they are for Bible study, but are they not first of all to make soul-winning their supreme object? Is not Christ to be shown as our head? Has He not commanded, "Go ye into all the world?" Are we faithful to Him if in our Sunday-schools we neglect to teach the need of obedience to this great command, His last?

'rime does not permit? Then omit two hymns and in their place •

EDUCATION 01<' THE YOUNG PEOPLE

have some carefully prepared missionary information.* Tell the story of Blind Cha'ang from the February MISSIOKARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, or tell the story," In the Tiger Jungle," or "God on the Rock," from" On the Indian Trail." These can be told in the primary, the intermediate, the senior departments. They all interest, all show what Christ's power is among heathen people. '1'he first could be used to illustrate medical missions, that crying need of mission work with only one doctor to twenty other missionaries, and each medical missionary with a clientele of two and a half million patients. "In the Tiger Jungle" would show a phase of missionary life, touring. "God on the Rock" illustrates the need of education, and how work must be begun.

'ren minutes, once a month, thus employed, systematically, carefully, praYe71ully, has in one school interested many who were before uninterested, because they did not know the facts, had been brought up in ignorance of missions, had never read the missionary magazines;· and the money in consequence increast remarkably. The desire now is for more information. Always in view is the map of the world. t Colored to represent the progress of religion, it is a silent witness to "the petty done, the undone vast." It shows that "there remaineth yet very much land to be possest." You can not do the best work without a map of the world.

In the Sunday-school library have an annex for some of the new, delightful books like "Vikings of To-day," by Wilfred T. Grenfel, M.D., "Korean Sketches," by Rev. James S. Gale, "In Lands Afar," "Khamil," "Behind the Purdah." Have the books accessible, and ask some one to read such a chapter as that on the Korean" Boy." One hundred and fifty missionary books, read by one small society, caused them to raise $1,500 for missions.

Let each class take, as a class, one missionary magazine, and have interesting bits markt. Believe me, if once our Sunday-schools as a whole begin to have information of the progress of the Kingdom as, an integral part of their Christian education, much prayer being offered in the schools, as one need after another is shown, the whole church will be better informed and interested. Many are in the schools who attend no other service, who do not belong to the Christian Endeavor Society (where perhaps quarterly they may hear of • Classes can .ake turns in supplying information on the country for the month, or teachers can take turns in hunting up the facts and trying to make them interesting and helpful, because" the love of Christ constrains." The" Twenty Questions," publisht by the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, can be used, one for each class, and as they are really undenominational, can be used by any denomination. The information necessary for the answers should be arranged for at the Sunday·schoollibrary.

t The A. B. C. F. M. has a fine map, on cloth, for $2.50. This was easily colored with water·colors, after that beautiful little map of the world in "The New Acts of the Apostles" (which can also be purchast separately for 40c. at the publishers), gold stars marking where all denominations are at work.

MISSIONARY INTEREST AND MISSIONARY INCOME

missions), nor to bands. It is a marvelous opportunity to begin at the beginning and make prominent the fact that our chief work is to make Ohrist known throughout the world.

A DEPARTMENT OF MISSIONARY FINANCE.

By E. A. K. HACKETT, Esq., Fort Wayne, Indiana, Editor of the Fort TVayne Sentinel.

The chief causes for the decrease in the income of foreign missionary .societies and boards is that the field has not been plowed deep enough.

To bring about an increase and steadiness in the missionary gifts of the churches and individuals I wonld suggest that we create a new department-a Department of Finance. At present most of the foreign missionary secretaries are strong men, giants in the pulpit, strong in the Lord. But very few of them have had any training along those business lines necessary to money-raising. In disc.harging those duties for which they are fitted and trained they have plenty to do without being additionally burdened with the obligation to raise the money needed in their work. This is an age of specialism; that is, of scientific economy in business. Men are selected for that work in which they can accomplish most, and those methods are adopted which achieve the greatest results. Money-raising is a business, and depends for its success largely upon business methods, and these methods can not be ignored in the business side of mission work, without inviting failure. Like the federal government, the boards should have a department of finance with a strict function of raising money. At the head of this department should be a man of extensive training in the business of money-raising, and entirely competent to deal with large affairs. He should be made a coordinate member of the board, and paid a salary equal to that paid the other members, or more, if necessary. Empower the head of the department to create a system for money-raising, as little complicated. as possible, but with the design uppermost that it shall raise money. Every person forming a part of this money-raising system, from highest to lowest, should be chosen because of fitness in those specialties that money-raising for mission work requires. A system of working with a view to the greatest convenience, effectiveness, and economy, should be adopted. No one should be engaged in this branch of work, who is not a business man, a money raiser, and a mission worker. Enthusiasm and business mix well; each reenforces the other. Elaboration of method is not here attempted. Essential details will suggest themselves readily to any business man of the right kind who might be chosen to create the system for this work. Thorough method in trained hands working to definite purpose is needed, and this will reach all accessible ends. If some such system could be brought about, I believe that money would come readily. God has mightily prospered the Ohristian people of

POLLING THE CHURCHES FOR FOREIGN MISSIONS

this land, and I believe they are ready and willing to make large illvest~ ment~ for the Lord. Once they have tasted the blessings of giving to the Lord in unstinted measure they will not stop.

POLLING THE CHURCHES FOR FOREIGN MISSIONS.

By LUTHER D. ·WISHARD, New York, Special Representative of the Forward Movement (A. B. C. F. M.).

The first year of experience in connection with the Presbyterian Forward Movement in Foreign Missions revealed certain facts which were fairly startling in their significance and encouragement. One strongly emphasized feature in the policy of the movement consisted in an appeal to a certain class of churches to assume the Lull salary of specific missionaries. This appeal was made to twenty-five churches, and every Olle of them, without a single exception, either increast its annual contribution to the sum required or contributed a salary over and above its regular offering. The entire number of persons present when the appeals were made did not exceed seven thousand, or about two thirds of the church membership. Fully two thousand distinct pledges were made, which probably represented nearly one-half the families in the churches. The total sum pledged was $21,862, an increase of $16,547 over the average contributions of the congregations for the preceding five years. The increase in the several churches varied from fifty to twenty-five lwnd7'ed per cent. The two thousand contributors averaged over ten dollars, which means an average of at least three dollars for the entire membership.

These churches were not selected with reference to any certainty or even strong probability of a salary being secured. As a matter of fact, leading members of almost everyone of them entertained grave doubts as to their church's willingness or ability to provide a salary. (The salaries averaged from $600 to $1,200, according to the country.) One of the interesting features of the entire canvass was the great surprise of the people at their success. The audience in many cases was in a fair condition for a revival of religion at the close of the collection. * The foregoing facts indicate: First-That the heart of the church is sound on the missionary question. They are abundantly able and abundantly willing to furnish the money for the world's evangelization. Second-A distinct appeal must be made and an immediate opportunity must be afforded the people to respond in terms as definite as the appeal. Third-The people are strongly attracted by the proposition to support their own personal representative. They believe in the policy * One church which had averaged twenty-five dollars a year for five years is now rejoicing over its acquisition of a parish in Africa, whose missionary costs six hundred dollars a year. Another church, which stood at the very head in the denomination for per capita gifts, was not satisfied with its attainments until it had provided two more salaries, averaging eight hundred dollars a year. This brings its gifts up to the !tmazing sum of over thirt1/ dollars ?- rnemger.

THE LOLOS-THE RED MEN elF WESTERN CHINA

so ably advocated by the sainted Dr. Gordon in this REVIEW, of projecting their influence as a congregation into the mission field, of extending the boundary lines of their own parish into the unevangelized world, and maintaining a pastor in the foreign section of their parish. There are doubtless enough of congregations in every one of our leading denominations which are fully able to give five hundred dollars and more a year to missions to insure the salaries of all the missionaries needed for the world's evangelization. The majority of congregations which are not able to give this amount, can be lookt to for the means for meeting all the other items in the foreign budget. In this way the mission boards may be provided with both special and general funds.

The Presbyterian Forward Movement has already demonstrated for the churches in America what the Ohurch Missionary Society has done for the British churches, a method which, if pursued, will insure money enough to properly maintain all existing work and workers, and also send to the front an army of student volunteers many fold larger than the present force.

Weare just on the eve of another census, which will require an army of men and a vast sum of money. 'rhe fundamental method of the census is the personal touch. Millions of men will be personally interviewed. Why may we not make an equally thorough attempt to poll the churches for foreign missions?

'rHE LOLOS.-'l'HE RED MEN OF WESTERN OHINA.

BY REV. WM. )f. UPCRAFT, YACHOW SZCHUAN, CHINA. l1issionary of the American Baptist l1issionary Union.

In the far west of Szchuan, the great western province of Ohina, there lies a long broad strip of country which is practically unknown to any but the tribes of mountaineers who inhabit it. 'l'he west-bound traveler along the valley of the Yang-tze finds his road blockt some distance beyond Suifu, at the junction of the Min and Yang-tze, and if he wishes to reach the Ohinese who live beyond the mountains there in sight, he must make a long detour to either the north or south, and spend weeks in a journflY to reach a place but a few miles distant by a direct road.

'rhis snowy range and the contiguous country is known as Liang Shan, and is surrounded by a fringe of Ohinese territory never opened to the outsider save at the will of the owners, who are known as Lolos, or more commonly called by the Ohinese "yeh ren," i. e., wild men, or barbarians. Such a term, offensive and misleading, gauges the popular attitude of the Ohinese toward the Lolos, and would need to be intensified several degrees in order to express the official estimate.

The first thing that (:ltrikes !J,n obs(,lrver is the distinctive dress of the Lolos. 'rhe men wear a loose blouse and loose short trousers made of blue cotton cloth, over which a stout plaited felt cloak is thrown, which reaches from the neck to the knees, and is useful by day in either cold or wet weather, and at night forms an ample covering. A large mushroom-shaped bamboo hat renders the Lolo indifferent to the swiftly recurring changes in the weather on his native hills. One peculiar feature is their manner of dressing the hair. Instead of wearing a queue in the way adopted by the Ohinese, the Lolos allow the hair to grow long in the front, then braid it into a kind of horn above the forehead and bind it round with blue cotton cloth, so that it becomes the most conspicuous object about them. Their women folk wear a short jacket, often finely embroidered, over a plaited skirt much resembling a Scottish kilt. Their feet and ankles are bare-a fine contrast to the crampt deformed feet of the Ohinese women.

The men are lithe, active, spare, rather over the medium height of the Western Ohinese, with slightly oval faces, and deep brown eyes. The women are stockily lmilt, well fitted for the active share they take in the heavier du ties of life. Their life appears to be simple and free from idolatry, though there are priests or rather "doctors" who seem to have a large control of the people.

The position of the women among the Lolos is worthy of note. When a traveler goes through any portion of the country which is tributary to Ohina, but administered by the Lolos, as is the case in northern Szchuan, a female guide is supplied, who, in starting out, dons an extra skirt, and in case of trouble in any place and molestation of the guest, the guide takes off the extra skirt and lays it there till it is redeemed by her tribesmen and the outrage avenged. Laughing, merry creatures are these Lolo women, so far as one can learn in the brief seasons of our observation. Life among them is cheered by song shared in by both men and women, a pleasant contrast to the screoching nasal noise miscalled singing among the Ohinese.

In language the Lolos are as distinct from the Ohinese as in other ways, and while remnants of a written form still survive, but few among the people seem to understand anything about the queer ungainly-looking characters. In this realm there lies a new world to conquer by such as find a call to it.

Burial customs also differentiate the Lolos from the environing Ohinese, in that the dead are cremated, a fact used by their Ohinese neighbors in ridicule and scorn of the hill people.

One wonders what remedies and alleviating plans are found amongst them, and with what armor they provide theml?elves to meet the last enemy. Here also is a new realm for the all-subduing physician from the Western lands, with cordial for both body and soul.

The relations existing between the Ohinese and Lolos, both politieally and socially, are of the kind known as "daggers drawn." The Ohinese scorns and robs the Lolo in any convenient way open to him; the Lolo pays his enemy back in kind wherever he can. Around their mountain homes the Lolos have made a fringe that might be called dead man's land -so bare of life and the things that sustain life have they made it. When opportunity offers, the Ohinese are captured and carried off into captivity among the mountains, and there compelled to labor for their masters till a sufficient ransom is forthcoming for their deliverance, failing which they are held for life, but are fairly treated, and if skilful as carpenters or mechanics, may even find life very agreeable.

On the other hand, the Ohinese capture what Lolos they can by open seizure or bribery, and hold them as hostages. One would be glad to say that such prisoners are fairly treated and life made endurable for them, but with the Ohinese criminal law in its present state of development, those who know how their own prisoners are treated, will not expect much for the Lolos. Filthy dens is the least possible that can besaid of their quarters, to which must be added every kind of indignity, with examination by torture as a culmination of woes.

It hardly need to be said that no attempt at civilizing the Lolos has been made worthy of the name. A limited effort has been put forth to introduce among them the composite creed, known as the doctrine of the three churches-Oonfucian, Buddhist, and Taoist-but this has been from political motives only, and with scant result. There is at most a pro-Chinese element among the Lolos, bought with Ohinese money, and sustained by Ohinese emolument.

The man who scorns his fellows and dubs them with degrading names can hardly be expected to do much for the amelioration of such, and there stands the Confucianist, while the fire of evangelizing Buddhism has long since died out in Ohina. Thus the elevating force must be imported. An unknown people, yet untoucht by love's ministry, a splendid territory awaiting occupntion, and no danger of ousting one's neighbor from the field.

The difficulties are not few. There will be needed more self-denial and power to endure isolation than falls to the honor of ordinary mission work. A prudent approach will have to be made, so as not to rouse the opposition of the Ohinese officials, and thus add needless trouble. Two languages will be necessary, Ohinese first and Lolo afterward, the latter to be acquired from its very beginning. Finally the prospect of years of unrequited labors, in which the husbandman will patiently wait for the fruit of his toil. Yet, with the magnificent result in Burma from the labors for the Karens, with the cheering success among the Laos in northern Siam, there is every ground of hope and inducement to work for the Lolos.

It some Olle or two at the first, having at their disposal the mean,!

FACTS ABOUT BRITISH MALAYA

of defraying the ordinary cost of living, could come into western Szchuan, patiently look over the ground, take time to understand the condition of things, and give themselves up to be led into the best road and method for reaching this new people-unhurried, yet not delaying -waiting, yet still advancing-what might not God work through such in the course of a few coming years!

SOME FACTS ABOUT BRITISH MALAYA.

BY REV. J. A. B. COOK, SINGAPORE, MALAYA. Missionary of the Presbyterian Church of England.

In Siam the American Presbyterians work among the Buddhistic Siamese and the Laos of the northern hill country, and occasionally visiting the Siamese of the lower peninsula, who in turn wander down among the Malays. But nothing is done by any missionary, Papal or Protestant, among the Malays and Chinese ofthe east coast of British Malaya.

On the western coast of the peninsula Malacca has for centuries been in the hands of the Romanists, but after more than 300 years the native Portuguese are as low morally and socially in Malacca as are the Mohammedan Malays. Religiously they are not much better, and but for difference of dress, and the use of "Santa Maria" instead of "Rasol Mohammed," the two cults could hardly be distinguisht. Their abject state is notorious. The local Episcopal chaplaiu has given up the little Chinese mission of which he had charge, and the American Methodists in Singapore have sent a Chinese catechist to take up the work.

Penang and Singapore form part of what is now locally termed " British Malaya," which, with these islands, comprises a large part of the Malay peninsula. In both Penang and Singapore there is considerable mission work done, especially by the English Presbyterians and the American Methodists, the former in Singapore, and the latter in both islands. There are also several" Plymouth Brethren" working in the islands on the west coast.

The French priests of the Propaganda de Fide are most active, and number their" converts" by the thousand; so do the Portuguese priests of the Padreado, but their people are almost entirely the descendants of former converts. They are not now aggressive, like the French.

On the west coast, Kedah is still nominally independent, but the other states, viz: Perak, Negri Sembilan, Sungei Ujong, and Selangor, together with Pahang on the east coast, form the federated Malay states, and are directly su bject to British control and administration, under the resident-general. What about Protestant mission work in these states ? In Kedah, I believe, th ere still is none; in Perak the American Methodists have a school and church at Ipoh. Negri Sembilan, and Sungei Ujong are still untoucht, and the capital of Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, which is also the capi tal of the states, h as been occu pied in part by th e American Methodists und the Brethren.

The Presbyterian Church of England's mission to the Chinese has J ohor entirely to itself. Here, in Bahm, the r esidence of the sultan, a Presbyterian church was built in 1883, one year after t he Roman Catholic church. The priest, like the missionary, is non-resident, tho the priests in the straits are numerous, and the Presbyterian missionary is one and alone. He has also charge of the mission church at Muar, on th e bord ers of Malacca, some 108 miles from Singapore. 'l'hese churches are all in the sultanate, which has over 200,000 Chinese, and 50,000 Malays, besides other nationalities and races.

In the interior of t he peninsula t he aborigines are still to be found. 'rheyare known as Iakuns in Johor, Sakais in Malacca to Perak, and n orth of the Perak river as Semangs.

In the Malay peninsula there are over one million Chinese, and six hundred thousand Malays, besides natives of India by the thousand, and many others, waiting to be evangelized. Who will pray, give, and work fo r British Malaya?

KLING P UPPETS IN PENANG1 MALAY P ENINSULA.

These are monster marionettes. The figures a.rc lIfe-size and represent an orchestra.'

INDIA-THE PENINSULAR CONTINENT

II.-MISSIONARY DIGEST DEPARTMENT.

INDIA-THE PENINSULAR CONTINENT. * In population, diversIty of languages, and variety of conditions, India may well be called a continent. It contains 300,000,000 inhabitants, or more than all of North and South America and Africa put together. India is a land of villages, there being over 700,000 of them scattered over the country, separated from each other by distances averaging about a GROWTH 01…. CHR(ST[A…~ITY.

1~711 18(lc) )len :Iissionaries, .. 906 Women }Ii<sionaries, 370 Native ::len "~orkers, 2,210 Native Women Workers, 837 3,2,~ Protestant Com.muni- cants, 52,813 18",2,122 Pl'otestantAdherants,nt,161 559,661 THE PEOPLE OF INDIA.

Population, 300,000,000 Women, 145,000,000 Voluen uDder instruction, 700,000 Widows, 25,000,000 Yidows under ten, 77,()(X) Children, 117,000,000 Children in Sun- day'schools, 250,000 Tota'l under in- 4,500,()O() struction, 250,000,000 Illiterate, 2,400,000 Christian!;, Non-Chris- 207,600,000 tians, mile and a half. The average population is 370, and the Protestant missionary force provides but one worker for every 400 villages, one to every 180,000 of the population. Thousands of villages are yet untoucht, and millions of men and women have no opportunity to hear the Gospel.

*The map is adapted and reproduced from The Christian (London), The statistics are taken in part from" Across India," by Lucy E. Uuinness.

MISSIONARY DIGEST DEPARTMENT

JUSTINIAN VON WELTZ, THE EARLIEST EUROPEAN CHAMPION OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS.

The February Zeitschrift fur Missionskunde has a thorough and sympathetic essay on this earliest champion of Protestant missions on the continent of Europe. The author, Dr. Bahlow, does not accept the excuses given for the long indifference of Protestants, especially Lutherans, to missions. The reason was not that they were too much occupied at home, or that their access to the heathen was barred. These facts may explain indifference, but they can not excuse active aversion. The truth is, that while Luther's dislike to missions was confined to missions to the Jews, his followers extended this aversion to all missions whatever. It was, we suppose, a widely accepted opinion among them that the apostolate was exhausted, leaving only the local pastorate, with no authority to preach to the heathen. But it seems that even then the verdict was, not "unlawful," but "unpractical" and "fanatical." Thus, when Baron von Weltz presented his missionary proposals at the Imperial Diet at Ratisbon, in 1664, to the Corpus evangelicorum (the Protestant estates), these are his biting words: I sought a place where many distinguisht and zealous Christians were to come together. The place, it is true, I soon found; but zeal in those thus assembled to advance the kingdom of Christ I found not.

Distinguisht people were they, in sooth, in all manner of sumptuousness, but not in Christian exercises and upright zeal. My printed exhortation was read indeed, but only out of haughty condescension. They praised the same, but only in my presence; I sought assistance to convert the heathen, but I might, in very truth, have rather required help to turn away the Christians before me from atheism. I thought the heathen were in far distant lands, and 10, I found myself in the midst of ,them. I sought' help of the clergy, but they past me over to the laity;. the lay- men excused themselves by the lukewarmness of the clergy. Help was given to many petitioners in worldly matters; but I went forth out of my spiritual concernment empty-handed. Had something secular been propounded by me, I doubt not that at least a part of the assembly would have listened to me. But inasmuch as I set myself to prove that we ought to propagate the kingdom of Christ among the unbelieving peo- ples, even tho it cost the greatest hardships, there was a general outcry: "The work at this time is not pnacticable."

Weltz then publisht an appeal full of passionate indignation against these neglecters of Chri3t's last commission. Thereupon the eminent John Henry Ursinus, Lutheran superintendent of Ratisbon, one of the most highly-considered theolog!J:!ns of the day, was provokt to his violent assault upon the Baron, his proposed "Societas J esu " (" Jesus Society"), and all his plans, proposals, and hopes. He taxes him with selfexaltation-him, the humblest of men!-with deceiving the people, with Quakerism, nay, even Munzerism. The "Jesus Society," he declared, would draw to it all the children of the devil, and would prove utterly ruinous. Weltz now went to Holland, where he was soon forbidden to write or speak for his cause. The Calvinists seem to have been as bad as the Lutherans. However, he had publisht his scheme. Some of his proposals have proved unpractical, and of necessity a certain vagueness hung over all. Yet, almost every principle embraced in modern missions is found here, even to medical missions.

Example, he thought, would speak louder than precept. He laid aside his baronial rank, received ordination from his friend Breckling in Holland as a "Gentile Apostle," gathered together his few friends in Holland, took leave of them in a heart-stirring farewell address, and set sail for Surinam, in le66. He died there in 1668.

"How, we do not know. We have no accounts as to whether he had

ARE WE SOWING SEEDS OF' DISCORD?

any success in his missionary activity. He died solitary and forsaken, the sacrifice of a vocation, the exercise of which he had recognized as God's will, and, therefore, as a Christian duty not to be set aside. For this conviction he surrendered everything-rank, honor, wealth, all the conveniences of life, and, finally, life itself. In his faithfulness to his convictions he remains a shining example for all times. But also the manner in which he presents the grounds of his persuasion, and the proposals which he advances for the realization of his ideas, are interesting and weighty enough to assure him an abiding-place in missionary history.

"The inclination to missionary visionary (Schwarrnerei) which Weltz, so deeply pious a man, showed, as well as his familiarity with Gichtel and Breckling, two men so widely disliked as visionaries and fanatics, inspired in many minds a feeling of cool reserve, or of declared enmity. But even apart from this the Protestant Church of Germany could not be roused to a living interest in missions, so long as the living Christian spirit was held in check by a dead, dogmatically-imprisoned and one-sided orthodoxy. When a change for the better came to pass in this, then the missionary duty also was recognized. And to have contributed in no small degree to this, is the abiding merit of Justinian von Weltz. Even tho his immediate endeavors were without results, the seed which he cast abroad in the missionary discussion which he stirred up did not perish, but soon shot up, and has brought forth a rich harvest."

ARE WE SOWING SEEDS OF DISCORD?* BY J. HEYWOOD HORSBURGH, CHUNG-CHING, CHINA.

Missionary of the Church Missionary Society at Mien Chow.

The various churches at home are sending out their missionaries to new lands practically pledged to set up their respective churches side by side, and so to divide the Christians into parties. I do think we ought to be very honest in this matter, and I say deliberately, missionaries are sent to heathen lands practically pledged, and in many cases actually pledged, to set up their respective churches. At this moment the few Christians in this province of China are being divided into parties or sects. Is this Fight or is it wrong?

Of course, the great object of the missionary societies is to evangelize and make disciples among the heathen. But one society advocates the Wesleyan system, another the Church of England system, another the Baptist, and another the Presbyterian. A man, no matter how orthodox and respected a member, or minister, of his church he may be, can not go, out to the heathen as a missionary of the society which is connected with his church unless he promises, or tacitly consents, to set up that church wherever they send him. The churches at home then are sending out missionaries to heathen lands in such a way as to divide the Christians into" parties."

It will be said: "We must have order; there must be some form of organization." But this does not really answer the question which, in my mind, is this: Does the Lord Jesus send His servants deliberately to start divisions in new countries? If so, then it is all right. If not, *Condenst from The Christian (London).

MISSIONARY DIGEST DEPARTMENT

then there is a better way. Itis sometimes said that the different parties emphasize different truths, and stimulate one another. Are these divisions, then, the work of God's Holy Spirit? Look at their attitude one toward another. Do the different churches or sects really help one another? Do these divisions really conduce to the building up of a strong, united Church of Christ? On the contrary, the attitude of the denominations toward each other is often most deplorable, and is a great hindrance to Christian life, and fellowship, and power everywhere. This is not the work of the Holy Spirit.

At present in China there exists generally a very friendly feeling between the different Protestant churches. The missionaries and the native Christians of the various denominations regard one another as brethren, receive one another, and, to some extent, cooperate. Nevertheless the germ of the monster evil is already working, and the Christians are being divided into separate sects or parties. Who is responsible? It is we who are deliberately doing it. To the mind of one who has been thirteen years in the country, and who has watcht this thing taking root, and insidiously spreading, it is inexpressibly sad.

It may be said: "The native Christians would disagree and form sects in any case." Suppose it were so, are we thereby justified in forestalling them and adding to their possible divisions? Some people excuse the importation of opium into China on much the same grounds. In days to come, the divided Christians will then be able to turn to the missionaries and say: "You tell us this should not be, but who sowed the seeds?"

Many will probably agree that in the abstract the present system is wrong, but complain that it can not be helpt. Therefore, it is right! Might we not-ought we not-to come together and earnestly, prayerfully, look for a better way? vVe may deeply value our system, and may be convinced that it is the best. Yet is it always right to insist on introducing it?

Most Christians would agree that it would be wrong to introduce divisions where Christians are already united. Is it not wrong then for us in the first instance to cause them to be divided? Would it not be better to sacrifice a part of a particular system, nay, the whole of it, rather than divide into" parties" those who might otherwise be one? It seems to me worse than a pity to introduce into fresh countries non-essential customs and expressions which have caused endless contention at home". It is natural at first, in a heathen wilderness, where our fellow-country". men and native Christians are few, and everyone is glad to see friends and fellow-Christians without asking to what church they belong, that the danger of our divisions is but little noticed. But the snake is there, lurking in the grass!

Now, what are we to do? That is too great a matter for" one man to settle. My question is, "Are we right?" If not, then the who~e Church or the missionary societies should earnestly, humbly, and prayerfully consider the matter before God, with an immovable determination to find out His will and at all costs to act upon it. But, so far as I can see, the missionary societies and their missionaries are making no serious attempt to avoid or remove these faults which we deplore. Very few seem inclined to sacrifice even trifling non-essentials for the sake of greater unity; unity is not promoted by wilful poliformity.

There are certainly grave and great difficulties in the way of a

OPPORTUNITIES IN TItE PIttLlPPINES

change of policy, yet not so great, perhaps, as might be imagined. ,Ve must have some organization, but I believe a very simple organization is enough, and anything beyond that is a weight. Some churches have become so accustomed to elaborate organization that we can not think of a church existing without it. And yet, perhaps, the native churches are seriously maimed by the amount of organization with which we encompass them. Churches ought to grow naturally; they can not successfully be made to order, according to the particular patterns which foreign missionaries choose to dictate for them. Saul's armor was admirably suited for full-grown Saul, but not for youthful David. The feeble life and weak growth of many native churches, may be due, in part, to our smothering them with grown men's armor imported from the West.

Rather than split the native Christians into sects, let the form of organization be broad enough to include aU the usages which the various churches regard as really essential, and which their consciences will not allow them to forego. But let all yield as far as they can. I long for the day when the missionary societies shall say to their missionaries, " We represent different branches of Christ's Church at home, but remember, we do not send you to the heathen lands to set up our different churches there. Take heed, therefore, to do nothing which shall endanger the oneness of God's people. Make it your aim to unite all Christians everywhere, and to build up, with your fellow workers, one undivided Church of Christ."

I am persuaded the present plan is not, can not be, what God desires. Therefore there is, there must be, a better plan which God does desire. If God's people will consult with Him, and with each other, and be perfectly willing to give up their own plans and preferences, and follow God's direction, then surely He would show us His way.. Among the many things which claim the attention of our societies and councils is anything of more moment than this just now? Something accomplisht in this direction would outweigh a hundred ordinary achievements, because of its Godlikeness, and the blessing, power, and joy that would attend it.

OPPORTUNITIES IN THE PHILIPPINES.* REV. JOHN R. HYKES, SHANGHAI. Agent of the American Bible Society in China.

The Philippine group consists of more than fourteen hundred islands, the majority of which are mere islets or rocks projecting out of the sea. The total area is about equal to that of New England, New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland. The most important of the inhabited islands are only eleven, namely, Luzon, Mindanao, Samar, Panay, Negros, Palawan, Mindoro, Leyte, Cebu, Masbate, and Bohol. The first two of these (Luzon and Mindanao) are larger in area than all the other islands in the archipelago put together. Luzon, the capital of which is Manila, is first in size and importance. Its area is equal to one-third of the entire group. The population is variously estimated at from 8,000,000 to 10,000,000, of which number about one-half are domesticated natives. The remainder is made up of the independent hilI tribes, Chinese Mestizos or half-breeds, Spaniards, and a few other Europeans and Americans.

* Condenst from three reports sent by Mr. Hykes to the American Bible Society.

MISSIONARY DIGEST DEPARTMENT

Before the war there were 60,000 Spanish officials, friars, and soldiers in the islands. The Chinese population is 85,000, besides over 200,000 Chinese Mestizos or half-breeds. Most of the Chinese immigrants come from Amoy; a very small proportion, only about five per cent., coming from Canton. There are scarcely any Chinese women in the islands. The Chinese men almost without exception marry Philippine women, and in Manila the Chinese half-breeds form about one-sixth of the population. As a class they are more cunning and treacherous than the pure natives. The Spanish half-breeds and creoles form a distinct class, as well as an influential one. Formerly the Spanish government encouraged marriages between Spaniards and native women, and such alliances are still quite common. The Spanish Mestizos are more shrewd and intellectual than the pure Asiatic, but they are more suspicious, vacillating, a,nd seem to have inherited the worst traits of both races. Among the native population the Tagals are the principal tribe in Luzon, and the Visayas of the Southern islands.

In the mountains of nearly everyone of the inhabited islands, native races are to be met with which are supposed to be the aboriginal inhabitants. They have not been subdued by the Spanish conquerors of the islands, and even in Luzon there are some of these tribes which have never so much as heard of the Spaniards. The Negritos are to be found in most of the islands. They are a very low type, both intellectually and physically, and will probably disappear before the advance of civilization. The Igorrotes are the chief mountain tribe in Luzon. They are, perhaps, the best of the aboriginal races. They are very tenacious of their beliefs, and after repeated efforts, the Spaniards abandoned the idea of subduing them. There are a number of Igorrote Chinese, who are distinguishable by their oblique eyes and Chinese features.

There are no less than thirty different languages officially recognized. There are four or five of these spoken in Luzon. The Tagalo, the principal dialect spoken in Luzon, is used by one and a half millions; the Visaya by over two millions. Spanish is the language of Manila and or the principal ports of the islands.

SPANISH PRIESTS AND OFFICIALS.

Sacerdotal despotism and official rapacity are alone responsible for the recent rebellion. Not only has the venality of administration been notorious, but the oppression, the cruelty, the injustice of many of the Spanish officials have called to high heaven for vengeance. They sowed the wind and are now reaping the whirlwind. Men, from the governorgeneral down, sought government positions in the Philippines in orde; to make their fortunes, and it was a common saying that a governor who could not in three years retire with a competency was a fool. Every man had his price, and it was almost impossible to get goods through the customs without bribing the officers. The native had to pay tax on everything-the paper on which he wrote a letter, the buffalo that plowed his fields, his chickens, and even upon the eggs they laid. The governors monopolized the trade of their districts. They fixt their own purchasing price, and sold, of course, at current market rates. No conscience was shown by any officer in his rigorous exactions from the natives. The expenses of legal proceedings were so enormous that many a wealthy man was ruined by a single case of litigation.

OPPORTUNITIES IN THE PHILIPPINES

Under Spanish rule the parish priests were the virtual rulers of the provinces, and by working upon the superstitious fears of the natives they often effected a submission to the Spanish crown, which the secular authorities could not secure by a display of force. The clerical and secular rivalries form one of the disgraceful pages in the history of the islands. The friars often usurped civil authority and openly defied the civil governors. From provincial governors down, Spanish officials held their positions by clerical influence, and many of them were the tools, unwilling it may be, of the friars. To oppose the priests, or refuse compliance with their demands, was sure to make one a victim of their intrigue.

The exactions and iniquities of the friars are the subjects of common conversation. Usually taken from the lowest ranks of society, with little or no secular education, intrusted with civil power over an ignorant, superstitious people in places where they were practically subject to no superior authority, the system of semi-sacerdotal government which prevailed in the Philippines waf:> one of the greatest iniquities of modern times. It gave the unprincipled friars a rare opportunity of fleecing the natives and enriching the great corporation to which they belong, and, more than all, of gratifying their lust. Every event in a man's life is made an excuse for getting a fee. There is a tariff of marriage fees, but the priest usually sets this aside and fixes his charges according to the resources of the parties. This abuse of power can hardly be resisted, as the natives have a radical aversion to being married elsewhere than in the village of the bride. The fees demanded are sometimes enormous, the common result being that many couples dispense with the wedding ceremony.

A funeral is another occasion for exacting money from the superstitious natives. A poor man has a death in his family. He goes to the priest, and requests him to conduct the funeral service. He demands an exorbitant fee, which the man says he is utterly unable to pay, and burial is refused. The Filipinos like to bury their dead within twentyfour hours, and the man is in great distress. The priest hands him a small box surmounted by an image of a saint. He rushes through the streets with this, pushes it into the face of every passer-by, who kisses the saint, and for the privilege drops a coin into the box. He returns with the result of his day's begging to the priest. If he is satisfied, the burial takes place; if not, the man is started out again to collect more. The fees of a church near the hotel at which I was stopping amounted to $100,000 per annum. It is not surprising that the great religious corporations are enormously wealthy, and that they have a power consonant with that wealth.

I was shockt at the stories I was told by men whose word I could not doubt, of the flagrant immorality of the Spanish friars. The men who gave me these statements said they were prepared to give names, dates, and places. It is a matter of common knowledge that there is a halfcaste population growing up in many towns in the interior for which the parish priest is responsible. A young man, a resident of Manila, said to me: "I am a Roman Catholic, but I am free to say that I know many of the friars to be vile beyond all conception. No attractive young girl is safe. Nothing is allowed to stand between a priest and the gratification of his lust." A gentleman who has been twenty-five years in the Philippines told me that it is impossible to exaggerate the immorality of the

MISSIONARY DIGEST DEPARTMENT

Spanish friars. The result of all this iniquity is that the Spanish priests are thoroughly hated by the Filipinos.* I am sure that the Roman Catholics of the United States would be as much shockt as anybody at the immorality of these friars. I am aware that this is not Roman Catholicism as it is to be found in England and the United States to-day, and it is necessary that this should be emphasized in order to comprehend the religious condition of the people, and to adequately realize their spiritual needs. They have had more than three centuries of Catholic Christianity; commodious churches are to be found all over the islands. and they are well attended, but practically nothing has been done to educate and enlighten the people. The Spanish government past a law that the Spanish language should be taught in all the parochial schools, but the order was disregarded because the priests preferred to keep the people in ignorance. It is astonishing that a lower standard of morals does not exist among the people when we consider the character of their spiritual teachers. It is generally conceded that the Filipino priests are vastly more moral than the Spanish friars, and it is perhaps this fact, and their inherent superstitions, that has prevented the people from abandoning all religion. With the native religion is a mere form and not a spiritual life. The symbols of the faith, and the observance of religious rites, are about all he knows of religion. From what I have written there can be little doubt of their great need of the Gospel, and that the overthrow of Spanish rule and priestly domination have, in the providence of God, made this the Church's opportunity to enter these islands with pure, spiritual religion.

QUALIFICATIONS FOR SELF-GOVERNMENT.

While there are doubtless many able men among the Filipinos, I am convinced that they do not have the qualifications which are essential in the founders of the republic. This is not surprising to one who knows the history of the Philippines, and is familiar with the effects of Spanish misrule for more than three centuries. The natives were little better than savages when the Spaniards came to the islands, and while contact with Europeans has of necessity introduced a higher culture, I believe that if Western influence were to be entirely withdrawn, civilization would spontaneously die out in the Philippines. The mass of the people are ignorant in the extreme, and they are not prepared and will not be prepared for many years for self-government. It will be generations before their aspirations to become an independent commonwealth ought to be realized.

I think it would be difficult to find a more needy field, and the call that comes to the Protestant churches of America is loud and urgent. The people are and have been without the Bible.t They know there is such a book, and that is about all.

*Every Spanish friar ought to be banisht from the islands. If not, there will be endless trouble. I ought to have said that the Jesuits were never accused of the gross immorality with which the other orders have been so freely charged. They were driven out of the provinces by the other religious corporations, and their work was almost entirely confined to Manila.

t The Scriptures at present available for distribntion are Spanish, Spanish-English, besides portions of the New Testament in Pangasinian. Tagalog. The Gospel of Luke is being issued in Vicol by the British Bible Society, and a translation of the same Gospel into Ilocan is in progress.

THE ENTRANCE OF THE BIBLE INTO RUSSIA

THE ENTRANOE OF THE BIBLE INTO RUSSIA. * In the first decade of the present century the Bible was practically unknown in Russia. H was indeed possible to secure German and Slavonic texts (the latter being the church language of the establishment, but not at all understood by the great majority of the people), and occasionally a copy in the Finnish, Polish, Lithuanian, or Esthonian languages could be met with; but in the Russian language there were no copies of the Scriptures to be had. In 1812 Napoleon invaded Russia, and the Russians, defeated in all the battles, were compelled to retreat. The Ozar Alexander 1. and his advisers were in despair. Only one man among those with whom the emperor associated remained calm and hopeful, and that was Prince Galitzyn. Finally the czar askt him the cause of his good spirits, and the prince drew out of his pocket a small copy of the New Testament a·.d Psalms, and informed his ruler that this book was the source of his comfort and joy. The czar wanted to see the book, but it happened to fall to the ground, and, in falling, opened at the ninety-first Psalm, and the czar's eyes fell on the opening words of this Psalm. Deeply moved, he askt for the book, and became a warm lover of the Scriptures.

Soon afterward John Paterson, a representative of the British Bible Society, arrived in St. Petersburg, and askt for permission to establish a branch in Finland. The czar not only granted the request, but also contributed 5,000 rubles toward_the project, and further is[lUed the order that in Russia proper, even while the French were yet in Moscow, a Bible society on a large scale should be establisht, so that all Russian subjects could have a Bible in their own tongue.

In this way the St. Petersburg Bible Society received governmental approval December 6, 1812, and the czar himself became a member. The first meeting was held in January, 1813, when Prince Galitzyn was chosen president. The members were not only adherents of the state or orthodox church, but also Protestants and Roman Oatholics. In the same year a Bible society was established for the German Baltic provinces. In Moscow, too, a similar organization was effected, headed by the archbishop of that metropolis. As early as 1814 the various local societies were united into a general body, the Russian Bible Society, and among the new members were a number of Russian grand dukes. The outspoken object was to have every Russian family in the empire the possessor of a Bible. In order to secure a good translation into the Russian, the czar contributed 30,000 rubles and a stone building in St. Petersburg. In the year 1823 the Bible had already been translated into sixteen dialects of Russia, and 40,000 copies had been imported from abroad,. in addition to the 805,000 copies issued by the Russian society. There was no lack of funds. In the first ten years of its activity, this society expended the sum elf 3,687,000 rubles, and yet, as Prince Galitzyn himself declared, the supply was not equal to the demand among the people.

An unexpected change came after the death of Alexander 1. in 1825, when Nicholas 1. ascended the throne. In the following year the new czar issued an edict dissolving all Bible societies in Russia, and refused to permit private printing concerns to circulate the Scriptures, and ordered that all the copies on hand in the depots should be sent to St. Petersburg, where their fate was to be decided by the Holy Synod, which ~ From the Kirchenzeitung, of Leipsic. Translation made for The Literary Digest.

MISSIONARY DIGEST DEPARTMENT

body alone was to have the right of circulating the Scriptures. This body did practically little or nothing in this direction, and soon the mat- ter rested altogether. In 1845 an English wholesale merchant in St. Petersburg, when requested to furnish a copy of the Russian New Testa- ment, reported that it had been impossible for him to secure a single copy of either the Slavonic or the Russian Scriptures in that city, altho he had offered the highest price for such a book; and that in Moscow too the supply was nearly exhausted. After a great deal of agitation, the Holy Synod decided that it would print S,600 copies of the New Testament in the Slavonic language, as it was thought this would supply the actual need. Nor was more done at that time.

In the reign of Alexander II., Bible societies were again permitted to do their work in Russia, and in 1869 "The Society for the Spread of the Scriptures in Russia" was organized, and this association has in the twenty years of its existence spread more than a million and a half copies of the Bible, or parts of the Bible, throughout the empire. Headquarters . and depots are at St. Petersburg and Moscow, and a network of col- porteurs has been established in all the leading cities. In the year 1898 Miss Hoerschelmann, the daughter of a high officer, devoted herself entirely to the work of distributing the Bible among the prisoners, and has in this way made use of 60,000 copies.

PROGRESS OF OHRISTIANITY IN KOREA.* There is no more beautiful sight in any land than that of a Ohristian home. In Korea there are twice as many as there were last year; homes where morning and evening father and mother gather children and servants about the family altar to offer to the God of nations homage and prayer in the name of His Son; homes where the dread demons of the heathen abodes, have been cast to the moles and the bats, and Ohrist, and the Bible, and song, and love, and hope and better things have taken their place. We have been in and out of these homes and have found them clean and neat and tidy. Wife-beating, a universal practice in Korean homes, has been banisht. One wife told in a prayer-meeting of the changed behavior of her husband toward her. "No more drunkenness and hard, unkind words and low, vile talk. We eat at the same table. at the same time. and out of the same dishes."

Two thousand years ago, to the sick, the blind, the lame, the lepers, the suffering of every kind, there was no touch like that of Jesus of Nazareth. It will be an underestimate to say that 25,000 Koreans found relief from disease and suffering in Ohristian hospitals of Ohrist, in this country last year. Ohristian medicine appeals probably in a special manner to the Koreans, because of a national weakness for medicine in theory and practise. No country of Asia has paid more attention to medicine than Korea. For centuries the peninsula was the fruitful source whence, on the one hand, Japan came for medical knowledge and China for drugs. Christ and Christianity in the character of a physician has special attractions to the Koreans.

In a beautiful little village near a seaport there lived a man who had once bought a Christian book. He had often studied its contents, but it was meaningless to him. One day a Korean Christian landing at the * From the Korean Repository.

RECENT ARTICLES ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

seaport saw the village a mile away across the valley, and led by an impulse went there, and to the first man he met announced himself a believer in the Jesus truth. This villager was the man with the meaningless book, and he received the Christian with great joy, "For," said he, "I have a Jesus book, but that is all I know about it. Come and make it clear to me." That was in August. We are told that there are now ten Christian families in that beautiful village, which has not yet been seen even by a foreign missionary.

The fast-falling night found a colporteur of the Bible Society in a strange village. He accosted a villager and ask for food and lodging. It was given and when the evening meal was over the neighbors came in to niagi, "talk." Among them was a school-teacher who did not thiuk there was "any good thing out of Nazareth," but the earnest words of the colporteur imprest him and he bought a Chinese Bible on trust. The next we heard was that the school-teacher and his friends were hard at work weaving mats and sandals to earn money to pay for their Bibles anil. buy more Christian books. In the center of a small town there is a large grave which has been the seat of a spirit shrine for hundreds of years, and which gave the town its name shrine-town. But the heads of the village became Christians and led many of the villagers to follow their example, and now at that grave where formerly the only symbols of religion were barbecued dog and the wailing chant of the mudangsorceress-we have a Christian chapel, and each Sabbath enlightening and uplifting instructions.

RECENT ARTICLES ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS.

AFRICA-Ride into Southern Morocco, F. W. Wynn. Macmillan's Magazine (March); The Kongo State and its Critics, D. C. Boulger, F01·tnightly Review (March); Through Pigmy Land, A. B. Lloyd, Wide World Magazine (April).

AMERICA-Peculiarities of American Highlanders, Prof. M. E. Merriam, Congregational Work (March); Revival of the Mormon Problem, Eugene Young, North American Revl.ew (April); The Future of Cuba, Robt. P. Porter (ibid.); Cuba and Puerto Rico, Bishop Ninde and A. B. Leonard, Gospel in All Lands (April); The Ancient Religion of Mexico, Assembly Herald (March); South America-its Condition and Missions, Woman's Journal (March); Facts About Brazil, The Foreign Missions Journal (April).

CHINA AND KOREA-American Opportunities in China, Gilbert Reid, Forum (April); Chi· nese Church of To-day, Dr. F. L. Potts, Chinese Recorder (February); Family Life in China, Mrs. Pitcher, Gospel in All Lands (April); Martyrs of Kucheng, Henry Mostyn, Wide World Magazine (April); Korea and the Koreans, Homer B. Hulbert, Fort,m (April).

C,TY MISSIONs-Settlement Work, Anson P. Atterbury, D.D., Homiletic Review (April).

EUROPE-After the War in Spain, Missionary Herald, Ireland, (February); Spain and Her Future, Nicolas Estevanez, Independent (March 20).

INDIA AND MALAYSIA-British Rule in India, J. P. Jones, D.D., North American Review (April); Domestic Conditions in India, R. W. Munson, Good Health (March); How Gods are Made in India, E. W. Hopkins, New World (March); Strategical Importance of Work among the Higher Classes of India, J. P. Haithornthwaite, Church Missionary Intelligencer (March and April); Mission Work in Malaysia, R. W. Munson, Medical Missionary (February).

ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC-Samoa Illustrated, Overland Monthly (March); Visit to Samoa, L. M. S. Chronicle (March); Results of Missions in Hawaii, Missionary Herald (April); The Friars in the Philippines, Irish Rosary (March).

TURKEy-Smyrna and its Field, J. P. :IIcNaughton, Missionary Herald (April).

GENERAL-Cooperation in Christian Work in our New Possessions, Dr. Teunis S. Hamlin, Independent (April 6); Selection, Education, and Probation of Native Workers, Rev. G. H. Pole, Church Missionary Intelligencer (March); The Epworth League and Missions, Review of Missions (April); Higher Education of Girls in Mission Fields, Mrs. J. R. Mott, The Intercollegian (April).

INTERNATIONAL DEPARTMENT

III.-INTERNATIONAL DEPARTMENT.

EDITED AND CONDUCTED BY REV. J. T. GRACEY, D.D.

The Situation in China. China, he says, is like a timepiece BY J. T. G. introduced into a Chinese village, Who shall write of the situation which has always been content in China? Sir Robert Hart, baronet, Dr. W. A. P. Martin, of the Impe- with noting sunrise and sunset, rial University of Peking, says, has had a "career to which there and the seasons. " Any news from is no parallel, east or west." What Li Hung Chang is among native China," he says, "is incomplete servants of the Chinese government, Dr. Martin affirms, that is and misleading, unless the precise Sir Robert Hart among its foreign employees. "Rare in personal moment of writing be appended to qualities, and exceptional in opportunity, he looms up like the Tung- what is written." This seems cho pagoda, which, rising from a level plain, becomes a part of the strange about a great people whom landscape, and attracts the eyes of all who turn their faces toward we have been wont to think of as Peking." only making geological progress- Toward the close of last year, at an official dinner party, at which a quarter of an inch in a million of Sir Robert was one of the guests, in a conversation with Marquis Ito years or so. of Jal}an, Sir Robert is reported to have said: RECENT REFORM MEASURES.

China is indeed a difficult coun- Certainly the recent reform meastry. A year or two ago I thought I knew something about her affairs, ures came in an avalanche. Take and I ventured to commit my views to writing. But to-day I seem to those formulated in six weeks, as have lost all knowledge. If you askt me to write even three or Mr. Cornaby notes them; four pages about China, I should be puzzled to do so. There is only June H.-Decree for the estabone thing that I have learned. In lishment of a University at Peking. my country the rule is "break but never bend;" in China the rule. is June 2O.-Decree that the Ts'Ung "bend but never break." li Yam'Un report on the encourage- ment .of art, science, and modern Rev. W. Arthur Cornaby of agriculture. China, writing in the Methodist Recorder, of London, says: "Sir June 23.-Decree that the essay Robert Hart himself has given up (or moral sermonette) be abolisht generalizing or prophesying con- as the chief test of qualification for cerning China. The only safe ob- degrees and rulership over cities jective revelation is, 'The Lord and districts. reigneth.' " He asks, "Who can sketch the view from the deck of a June 27.-Ministers and princes boat heaving and tossing in a ordered to report on the proposal storm?" The new element in to adopt Western arms and drill for all the Tartar troops.

July 4.-Establishment of agri- cultural schools.

July 5.-Decree for the introduc- tion of patent and copyright laws.

July 5.-Board of war ordered to report on proposed reform of military examinations, the disuse of bows, arrows, and other anti- quated anachronisms.

July 29.-Decree for the establish- ment of school boards in every city of the empire.

Little wonder that somebody should think the fire was dropping from the burning axles of this Chi- nese leader. Where the first check came from it is not easy to affirm.

Some say from Russia. The em- peror had taken to a study of Mackenzie's" History of Christian Civ- cials were charged with treason; ilization in the Nineteenth Cen- six of them were tried at night, and tury," and literature of like type. five of them lost their heads. Some The Russian minister is credited of them, if not all of them, were with pointing out that reforms on men of convictions, and with the that line meant democracy; and courage of them. "My head may· the emperor and the czar would drop," said the son of the governor both be counted out. The empe- of Hupeh province, "but know you ror's aunt was equal to the emer- that a thousand heads will rise in gency. She could "screw her cour- its place." age to the sticking point." She had done so before; she had poi- Dr. Ashmore, of Swatow, writ- soned two empresses to make her ing of all this in the Baptist Mis- way to the throne on which she, sionary Review of India, asks: like Milton's Satan, "exalted sat." "Did the dowager succeed?" and When Tung Chih, the emperor, answers it by asking, "Did Athadied, she kept the secret, and four- Hah succeed? Did J ezebel suc- teen days after he was dead issued ceed? " proclamation of thanksgiving for his convalescence. By royal decree The leaven of all this reform has she made the boy Kuang-Shu em- been working through all the years peror, and ran the empire herself since the dowager was born. Right till his majority; and-resumed the under her eyes, right under her control of the government when nose, the whole state of things, for the spirit of reform, shown in the the existence of which she would, measures above named, got away if she durst, decapitate the boy to with him. whom she yesterday committed the empire, and from whom she There is little room for wonder to-day snatches it, has been developthat the emperor's reform party ing. The influence of the diplocould be so easily squelcht, for it matic bodies, of the books written had no backing of military force. by Chinese ambassadors after re- The whole military strength of the turning from abroad, the Western country was under the control of management of maritime customs, the Manchu politicians, who were the Western merchants, and, most opposed to reform, and thus at the of all of the missionaries, has, as disposal of the dowager. One only Dr. Ashmore states, superinduced hope was left them. Li had an conditions of a resistless reform. army of 37,000 men, splendidlooking fellows, but something THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT. befell them in the Japan war and they were not. They had been There is one change-a reform-to reorganized at Peking undEr which the dowager herself has been Yuen Shi-kai, whom the reformers compelled to be a party. Western thought they might trust. They nations think of the emperor of gave him their confidence, and he China as they might of the embetrayed them, and they were left peror of Russia or Germany, as wholly without military backing. having imperial power to act for" the whole nation. This was never The dowager choosing a time heard of in China, till Western when the foreign ministers were powers insisted on dealing with the absent, obtained possession of the emperor as the unit of the Chinese emperor's person, usurpt the government. The several provinces scepter, and commenced a reign of are a confederacy of independent terror, in which sixteen high offi- states. The central government is not to assume any initiative, but to control the action of the provin- merely states in severalty. That is cial administrators, register their reform of a gigantic nature, not proceedings, and to remove, de- even ratified by the states, but grade them, or advance them, as acquiesced in under the law of occasion requires. Itwas less than necessity. Reform goes on resistforty years ago that the Tsungli lessly. China is not, and never again Yamen was establisht to comply can be what she was fifty years with the demand of foreign govern- ago. ments for a central imperial avenue of dealing with the empire as a Meanwhile the missionary movewhole in diplomatic and treaty ment is greatly accelerated. Even matters. It is not yet ten years the present dynasty, at one time, since this emperor's "council," now forbade the teaching of the Chrisgrown to a board of eight persons, tian religion. Christians were first appeared in the Red Book, the obliged to labor in secret and with record of state departments. constant fear. Fines, imprison- ment, banishment, torture, and And yet this central imperial death threatened them. But the power, of which China has, in a edict of the seventeenth year of way, known nothing till within a Kuang HSll made it lawful to prophalf century, has been compelled agate the Christian religion. to recognize the allotment of large Chinese preachers may go everyparts of the China coast to foreign where proclaiming the Gospel. If occupancy. Russia has practically perchance they are disturbed, the annext 400,000 square miles of law is on their side. There is a territory, important strategically, signal turning of the people to the even if it does not contain more missionary since the China-Japan than one-twentieth of the whole war. population. It is said to be ten times as much territory as all the RIOTS AND REVOLTS. rest of the European powers have together got. The other nations have Missionaries, like others, have to appropriated all the rest of the take chances of residence in a coast, except some 200 miles or so on country subject to local outbreaks Pechili. We knowhow it is. Great and uprisings, such as constantly Britain and Germany control the occur in China. The Sz-chuan Shantung coast line, Great Britain province has just now been plunged that of Kiangsu and of Chekia,ng, into peril by one of those organized too. unless Italy gets a slice of it. marauding expeditions. Yu, the Foochow is preempted by pro- son of a deceased opium den prospective claims of Japan. Great prietor, part proprietor of a coal Britain takes Canton province sea- mine in the center of the province, line, and southward from that nicknamed Mantze, the "savage," France claims her "sphere of in- has been for a long time under ban, fluence." and efforts have been made to capture him. He was captured in Thus China has lost all inde- June, 1898, but was rescued by his pendent control except in the sympathizers. He then rallied some " Hinterland." She can do nothing malcontents, whom he armed, and with her coast line, but by pitting they raided the Roman Catholic the foreign powers against each converts in central Sz-chuan, and other. C':tina has ceased to be the captured missionary Fleury. Elumere confederacy she was. The ding capture, they entered Hochou, world has demanded that she be a sixty miles distant from Chungnation-a United States-and not king, with anti-Christianproclama- tions. The movement assumed the proportions of a revolt, and him: "When I was a young man missionary property and mission- God said to me, 'I am going to aries were in peril, and it was said evangelize Inland China, and I am Chungking itself was invested, if going to do it through you, if you not captured, by the rebels. On will walk with Me.' When I learned September 15th they looted the that God was going to do it, I was American mission, and burned the eager to go, because I felt the reproperty of the Roman Catholic sponsibility of the work would rest mission at Hochou. on Him, not on me."

But all this, as we have said, in At the noonday meeting. Janua great empire like China, with a ary 18th, Miss Weatherly, of Lafourth of the population of the hore, said that the C. E. pledge world to be governed, must be emphasizes the old claims of the expected; and disturbances every- Christian life, viz.: (1) prayer; (2) where liable to be provokt by the study of God's Word; and (3) members of the secret societies the doing of God's will. Rev. Mr. which honeycomb the empire, must Chamberlain pointed out that the be reckoned in to the count. They pledge touches the whole range of have little to do with the great our duty to God, man, and self. underswell of change, reform, and Mrs. Nelson, of Lucknow, showed progress. which is everywhere felt the desirableness of getting new over the empire, and affect but converts to Christ to conduct meettemporarily the temper of the mass ings; firstly, for the sake of others, of the population, which is kindly because they occupy such little toward the missionary. time in their addresses that an op- portunity is thereby given to others The Allahabad Oonvention. to speak; a.nd secondly, for their own sakes. Such an one once con- The Student Volunteer Move- ducted the meeting of the society ment, and the Christian Endeavor- which she represents, and remarkt ers of India, held a three-days' afterward: "It's done me a world conference at Allahabad, India, in of good, because it has made me January last. The attendance was hunt up the Bible, as I should never large, and the representatives were have done otherwise." Rev. R. from all parts of India, including Burgess showed that the word" I" many denominations and races. occurs nine times in the pledge, At the reception meeting the ad- which lays emphasis on the indidress of welcome was responded to vidual, and causes one to say: "I by Mr. Chamberlain for South India, stand in single relation to God." Rev. H. Anderson for Bengal, Miss The result of this sense of personal Phillips for Orissa, Rev. S. V. Kar- responsibility is a strong desire to markar for Bombay, Mr. Samuel win souls to Christ. An open pal;'- Baker for Central Provinces, Dr. liament followed, crowded with Campbell for Central India, Miss choice thoughts apd m,etb,odljl, va- Nazar Ali for Punjab, Mr. Andrew ried and helpful. Stuart for Scotland, Rev. R. Burgess for Wales, l'Ir. J. N. Forman At the meeting of January 19th for S. V. M., and Mr. Pollock for two addresses were given, which the Railway Mission. The last re are summarized in the Indian Witsponse was a short, stirring, humor- ness as follows. Rev. Robert A. ous address from Rev. F. B. Meyer, Hume made the following points on in the course of which he remarkt tha,t Hudson Taylor once sa,iq to "GOD'S CLAIM ON OUR TIME:"

1. Time means opportunity. It is helpful to translate common words into those less common, to open of offices on that day, and deget at their deeper meaning. prived large numbers of their week- ly rest. A great mass-meeting, in 2. Opportunity means God. It is which the various non-Christian well to take these common words communities were represented by and transmute them into Divine thousands, assembled, and a veheterms in order more clearly to ap- ment protest was made against the prehend their true significance. proposal of government. The pro- test was effectual. The departure 3. The motto over the platform- of the mail was permanently fixt Christ for India-implies that In- for Saturday, and Bombay has its dia is for Christ. If God is for official and commercial day of rest. time, time is for God. God before Of all. the holy influences that abide time, God in time, God through with him in his manhood, the most time. Time for God, time in God, precious are those of the Sabbath time through God. Holy living evenings with his mother. The makes holy time. Sabbath is God's great opportunity for working out for man His 4. Time is God's opportunity for blessed purpose and plan. us to become what He wants us to become, and do what He wants us Day of all the days the best, to do. He enables us. Emblem of eternal rest.

5. Time is opportunity for God to Rev. G. L. Wharton, speaking on do for us what He wants to do. He "GOD'S CLAIM ON OUR MONEY," wants a chance to do His mighty work in us. As a mother for the read various passages of Scripture, child, so God for us. dwelling briefly on each (Ps. xcv: 4-6; I: 10; xxiv: 1; 1 Cor. vi:20). One 6. Emphasizing time, all time. thought preeminent-God owns The speaker had a vision. He had everything. He is absolute owner seen a great sheet let down from of money, and all that makes Heaven in which were all manner money. The Lord has given us the of days, and a voice he heard say- earth, but that does not affect His ing: "Robert Hume, what God ownership. Passages were read hath cleansed that call not thou from Leviticus in reference to the common." Not simply on Sunday tithe. God is not an Indian zeminwill the Father have men to wor- dar, or an Irish absentee landlord, ship Him, but every day in the enriching himself by impoverishweek. ing others. The tithe is not an ar- bitrary thing with the Lord. In 7. God's claim on our time. Men that little zila, Palestine, God had have been said to be possest of the a great work to do, preparing for devil, but never possest of God. the enri~hment of the world. He God gives us time. The joy of son- made the provision of the tithe in ship is that what is ours is God's. order to carry out His plan. God's Time being ours is God's. operations then were confined to that little territory; no mission- 8. God's claim on our time. The aries were sent abroad. But now compulsion of love is much greater His missionary servants are spread than the compulsion of law, and all over the world. If God required the obedience of love is much the tithe for the maintenance of sweeter than the obedience of law. the rites and ceremonies connected God's claim is based upon what He with a tent in Palestine, how much has done for us, and what is His more for a work that engirdles the world! The fact is, money is plan for us. required for all things and all enter- Finally, we have these treasures prisee. There neVer was a tiwf,) in earthen vessels. The Sabbath was made for man, God's special opportunity for man. ,Vhen we see the awful unbroken drudgery of life in India, how thankful we ought to be for the Sabbath! No let-up for the sons and daughters of toil in India. No opportunity for family life. That the day of rest is regarded as a boon by the thoughtful people of the land, was shown in Bombay a few years ago. The proposal was made by the authorities to make Sunday the day of departure of the English mail.

Th",t wQuld have involved keeping when money was more needed for boards to enter Cuba and Puerto the work of God in the world. Rico, and a number of these boa~ds have appointed "committees of Giving is a higher standing than two" to confer together as a joint receiving. It is more blessed to committee with reference to a give than to receive. The speaker division of these fields. It is im- read from Malachi about the giving portant before any of the boards of the tithe, and the opening of the buy or secure property, and thus windows of Heaven. First giving, determine the location of their sta- then receiving, then dispensing in tions and work, that these fields partnership with God. Can we should in some way be parcelled begin with less than a tenth? out, so that the whole ground may When at home in America, a few be covered without several denom- years ago, he found in seventeen inations working in the same States as many different plans of towns and districts. The probable raising money for religious pur- relative needs of Cuba and Puerto poses-the fancy-fair plan, the pew Rico to other parts of the world plan, the box-or-the-jug plan, etc. are not such as to require all the Compare God's simple, common- boards of missions to open work sense, self-respecting plan with there; but if they do, a wise division those he had enumerated! In clo- of territory will greatly aid in sing the speaker told of a mission- getting the work on a good founda- ary from whom he had requested a tion. contribution for the Bible Society, but inability to give was pleaded. A study of the subject of comity Expense had been incurred by in respect to overlapping and in- moving, by sickness during the efficiency, owing to weak under- year, etc. Besides, he belonged to manned stations, and lack of con- the Priests and Levites, for whose centration, would reveal the support others gave their tithes. possibilities in increast efficiency From Numbers xviii: 26 the speaker and results from the present showed him that even the Levites staff of workers and financial were under obligation to tithe their outlay. It is not only far more tithe receipts. economic for each board to concen- trate in one district, but far better It would be very profitable read- for the whole work. This has ing if we could quote from the ad- ample proof in the countries where dresses of Rev. Mr. Meyer, two or it has been carried out; witness three each day, but we can only Turkey, Egypt, Ceylon, Burma, touch on this greatly important Siam, Korea, Madagascar, and convention. parts of India, China, and Africa, the most vigorous native churches A Word on Missionary Oomity. being where the missions are not bidding against one another for the BY w. HENRY GRANT, NEW YORK. service of native helpers, where the stations are mutually supporting Many of the friends of Christian and well manned by members of missions in this and other countries one body. Thousands of cities and are looking for a solution to the villages are to-day unoccupied by problem of different societies work- the Christian Church, because we ing in the same field without per- are in bondage to denominational petuating the divisions that have traditions and ownership in little to do with the great essentials property. upon which our Savior and His apostles preacht. As a layman who has given te~ Jt is now proposed by some ei~ht years to the study of the economics no; one says, advisable but not of missions, I am in correspondence with all parts of the world, and practicable; Mr. Curtis says, absoknow many cases that need the kindly judgment of an unbiased lutely necessary. Southern Presbyjury, to which the missionaries would gladly submit. I have yet terian Mission: Advisable. Cumto meet the layman who cared what denomination occupied a berland Presbyterian Mission: particular field, providing the people were getting the Gospel and Desirable, but we doubt its practicahis own church was doing its full share, somewhere. The various bility. North Japan Reformed Misdenominations have never been more united and cooperative than sion: Advisable and possible for the they are to-day, and, therefore, we ought to realize in practical co- cooperating missions. South Japan operation and comity what could not have been effected fifty years Reformed Mission: One thinks it ago. desirable but difficult, one not COOPERATION IN JAPAN. possible, and one theoretically Apropos of this communication from Mr. Grant, we note that the simple but impracticable. The Methodist and Presbyterian missions of Japan have united on a German Reformed Mission: It "plan of cooperation in Sundayschool publications." They are to would be a great convenience, and follow the international lesson course and to publish a teachers' there seems to be no reason why journal; a quarterly, for advanced and intermediate pupils; a leaflet, such a uniform scale of salaries for the primary scholars; all to be publisht at the Methodist Publish- could not be drawn up and then ing House, the editors selected from all the cooperating bodies. improved upon from time to time On some other items the several as experience demanded." missions doubt if they can cooperate. For instance, in the It will be noted that these twenty-first report of the Council of Missions cooperating with the answers are exclusively from the Church of Christ in Japan we find the question, "Would it be advis- several bodies represented in the able and possible for the cooperating missions and other missions Church of Christ in Japan. No working in the same or contiguous territory to have the same scale of quotations of views from "other salaries for evangelists and school teachers?" The answers are sum- missions" are given. But if these marized as follows: "East Japan Presbyterian Mission: Opinions cooperating missions can not agree differ. West Japan Presbyterian Mission: Two say, yes; one says, on what at this distance seems so simple a proposition, it is scarcely probable the "other missions"

could be brought to sufficient unity of view to make this proposal prac- tical. Still we think in a general way it can be done. J. T. G.

The Outlook in the Sudm.

The proposal of the Sirdar Lord Kitchener to erect a memorial col- lege to the lamented Gordon at Khartum, and, as Kipling says, where they yesterday mowed to death the people, to "call the liv- ing to school," has been received with widespread enthusiasm,' and quickly the amount the sirdar called for was exceeded by thou- sands of pounds. 'The policy is a farseeing one. Great Britain is in Egypt to stay. But whether a purely secular college is all the memorial that ought to be raised to so noble a Christian as was Gordon, needs only to be askt, and it is the hope that at the earliest moment answered. The becoming memorial consistent with public safety the is a great Christian missionary sirdar's restrictions will be with- movement, prudently and charita- drawn. They are not novices in bly conducted, in which the Church administration who adopt these of England Missionary Society resolutions. Sir John Kennaway might at least lead. This society moved them and Sir Richard Tem- was making preparations to re- ple seconded them. enter the Sudan, from which they were driven fifteen years ago by A petition is being circulated to the Dervish insurrection. Lord Salisbury, expressing deep re- gret that the Church of England But the sirdar, with a strange Missionary Society has been de- sort of fatuity, proclaims that terred by Lord Kitchener and Lord Christian missionaries must not Cromer from entering on work at come to that country. If he meant Khartum and Omdurman, and that war conditions were prohib- this sets forth what we have preitive of evangelists for the imme- viously affirmed, that the British diate present, that would have been learned their lesson in the Indian taken in good part; but it was not mutiny. This petition says: "We so understood. We predicted that have in mind the similar disastrous the British religious public would policy long pursued in British brook no such dictation from the India, and rejoice to know that sirdar or any other official in the governors, generals, and other high British government. They have officers of state have entirely renot yet forgotten Cawnpore and ceded from that policy." Delhi, which, even if it were superstition to believe, yet they believed And the sirdar will have to reand still believe, to have been God's cede from it, too. It turns out to judgment on the British East India be scarcely within" practical poli- Company for its rotten policy of tics" just yet, for the sirdar has exclusion of the Christian teacher not yet finished conquering the from its territory up to the meas- Sudan. ure of its restrictive power. A Forward Movement in the Province We are not at aIL surprised to meet at once with a vigorous pro- of Kiang-si, China. test against the sirdar's mandate. The House of Laymen for the BY REV. WILLIAM TAYLOR. Province of Canterbury has entered its condemnation of this wretched Missionary of the Ohina Inland Mission. policy. They welcomed the sirdar's noble effort to elevate and instruct This is not the first time that this the people of the Sudan and Upper province of China has been brought Egypt through the proposed Gor- before the readers of the MISSIONdon College, but they affirm that ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD. In "no effort to perpetuate the the issue for February, 1896 (p. memory of General Gordon can be 114), (,here appeared an article enconsidered adequate which does not titled "Notes on Kiang-si, a Provinclude the direct proclamation of ince of Central China." The REthe Gospel of Jesus Christ to all VIEW of September, 1898, presents, the races inhabiting the upper in the Missionary Digest Departbasin of the Nile, which has re- ment (p. 678), "A Call to Advance cently been brought under the con- in China," giving a resolution trol of England. ,. They express ad~pted by the Church Missionary Society, callmg for an advance of all missionary enterprise in the great empire of China, and refer- THE FORWARD MOVEMENT. ring, at the close, to a forward movement proposed by Mr. J. Hud- The great need, so apparent from son Taylor, of the China Inland the above figures, has led Mr. HudlYiission, to be begun in the province son Taylor, general director of the of Kiang-si. We here give again China Inland Mission, to issue an briefly some data of that province, appeal that earnest prayer be and of the forward movement pro- offered to God that He will, first of posed in connection with the China all, grant increast spiritual bless- Inland Mission, commending it to ing to -all the missionaries and the prayers of God's people. native Christians already on the field, and that He will select, pre- THE PROVINCE. pare, and send forth, for work in Kiang-si, twenty a,ble, earnest, and Position: Central China, south healthy young men as a first conof the Yang-tu River. Lat. 25° to tingent in the forward movement. 300 N. (the same as Florida and North Mexico). Lon. 1140 to 1180 E. Mr. Taylor, in some papers on this forward movement, which Area: 72,176 square miles. Larg~r have appeared in China's Millions, than the combined areas of the has writteu that it is intended these Canadian provinces of New Bruns- twenty men should form" a special wick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Ed- itinerant missionary evangelistic ward Island; or than the combined band, willing to consecrate five areas of the American States of years of their lives to itinerate New York, Vermont, and New work, without thought of marriage Hampshire. or of settling down till their special work is accomplisht." He further Population: Over 15,000,000 (some says: "The work would be arduous, estimate it as high as 24,000,000), involving much self-denial; but it at least one-quarter that of the would bring with it much blessing United States and three times that and great spiritual joy, as the comof Canada. mand, 'Preach the Gospel to every creature,' was being obeyed. In Missionary Work: Protestant keeping of His commandments missionary work is carried on by there is great reward. (See Psalm the American Methodist Episcopal xix: 2.) The workers, when ready, Mission, the Woman's Board (of the M. E. Church), the English would go out two and two-i. e., Brethren, and the China Inland Mission. The combined staff (in- two missionaries and two native cluding wives and lady workers) is helpers – to previously arranged about 90, tho the male missionaries districts, to sell Scriptures and do not number over 30. These mis- Gospel tracts, and to preach the sionaries carryon work in some glad tidings. Living together in 50 stations and out-stations, where the same inns, for companionthere are now (1898) about 750 ship and fellowship, they would native Christians. If these workers often separate during the day, one were evenly divided among the missionary and native brother population of 15,000,000, there going in one direction and the would be six missionaries to each other two in another, and meet million. In the United States and again at night to commend to God Canada there are over 1,200 or- the work of the day, as before setdained Protestant ministers to each ting out they had unitedly sought million, not to reckon Sunday- His blessing. Two-thirds to threeschool, lay, and lady workers, of quarters of their time being thus whom there is a vast army. occupied, the remainder would afford opportunity for bodily and mation wiII be gladly furnisht on spiritual rest and refreshment, for application to the North American branch of the mission, at No. 632 continuing the Chinese studies of Church Street, Toronto, Canada.

the missionaries, and the sys- Our Question Drawer, tematic Bible studies of the native A correspondent asks: helpers in rest centers in charge of Will you be kind enough to furnish such experienced missionaries. information as you may be able to give in re- gard to the running expenses of boards of " This forward evangelistic move- foreign missions? What I want to know is, what per cent. of the income of the boards is ment is not intended to be a substi- spent upon the machinery of the boards tute for, nor to supersede, but to (salaries of secretaries, treasurers, and other officers, office rents, expenses of printing, supplement the present localized agents engaged in making collectIOns, and in working up the churches, etc.), and what work. . . . Twenty consecrated per cent. in doing the work for which the young men, with good health, boards exist (salaries of missionaries in the field, etc.)? sound judgment, Christian experi- If this were answered catechetience, stedfastness, a y i e ld i n g cally, we would say from three to spirit, a love for prayer and for the twelve per cent. of their income. The explanation of the variation Word of God, and a deep zeal for is found in the difference of the items which they estimate as cost; souls, are needed." some have loss on their publication account; some count, this, others do Later on, as the way opens, lady not. Some have profit on the same count. Then, of course, the per workers will also be needed for cent. cost is in favor of the societies having large incomes; the salary work among the women. And it and other items will be less per cent. than with those having small is our earnest prayer that the receipts, yet one may be as economi- cally administered as the other. forward movement, beginning in One society raised, several years ago, a separate and special fund, Kiang-si, may very soon be ex- the income from which was to meet tended to all the other provinces of the office expenses, without taking anything from the regular receipts the Chinese Empire. from other sources. Anything like All Christians are urged to unite an intelligent comparison of these ratios would involve an elaborate with us in unceasing prayer for the article. An average ratio would, perhaps, be seven or eight percent. following: The Rev. D. L. Bonner, D.D., 1. That these twenty men, and contributes to the Presbyterian the needed native workers, be Journal the following figures showraised up and sent forth speedily. ing how much missionary money, in the various denominations, goes 2. That the missionaries and native Christians already in Kiang- for running expenses. The above si be daily filled with the Holy statements must be borne in mind, Spirit. however, in order to draw accurate 3. That the duty of each one of conclusions from these figures. us regarding this forward movement be made plain. Let us, in Presbyterian: Per cent. Per cent. deep reality, ask our Master, nsed on used for "Lord, what wilt Thou have me to do?" field. expenses.

N. B.-The mission referred to in Home ……………… 93.48 6.52 this article is interdenominational Foreign. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 93.85 6.15 Consolidated ……….. 93.63 6.37 and international. Members of all Protestant Episcopal. ….. 92.30 7.70 Methodist Episcopal. …… 93 60 6.40 evangelical churches, irrespective American Board ……….. 92.46 7.54 Reformed Church (Dutch). 95.09 4.91 of denomination, are accepted for Presbyterian South: Home ……………… 8940 10.6Q service in China, if felt to be other- Foreign. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 93.98 6.02 United Presbyterian: wise suitable. The mission will be Home ……………… 95.70 4.30 Foreign…………….. 98.00 2.00 glad to correspond with any who have faced the whole question prayerfully before God, and are clear in their conviction that He would have them take the definite step of offering themselves to the China Inland Mission. Any infor- IV.-EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT.

Money and Missions. enough to awaken an effervescent enthusiasm by tales of dire need 'Ve present this month a sympo- and heroic effort; more attention sium by leading missionary secreta- needs to be paid to the education of ries, pastors, laymen, and women Christians in the true motive for on "Missionary Interest and Mis- missions, viz., loving obedience to sionary Income." It is a subject of the command of Christ. very vital importance, but one on which there is a wide divergence of The fault and the remedy lie opinion. largely with the pastors. Some opportunities have arisen for hostile According to carefully-collected criticism of missionaries and mis- statistics the total gifts by Ameri- sionary boards, but a fuller under- can Christians to foreign missions standing of the difficulties and did not decrease last year, but in- arduous labor connected with mis- creast by $300,000. The figures are sionary life and missionary admin- approximately as follows for the istration would quickly dispel the incomb of American missionary distrust which may be engendered societies and boards: and fostered by partial and preju- diced views. Many, for example, 1890-1891 •.•• .- …………………… $4,180,6G2 severely and, we believe, unjustly 1891-1892 •.•.••••.•.•…..••.••••.•••• 5,006,283 criticise missionary secretaries be- 1892-1893 ……………………….. 6,089,402 cause of their salaries, not con- 1893-1894 ……………………….. 5,173,749 sidering the immense labor which 1894-1895 ……………………….. 5,672,772 their duties involve, or the fact that 1895-1896 ……………………….. 5,693,020 many may give largely out of their 1896-1897 ……………………….. 5,255,006 salaries. We believe that it would 1897-1898 ……………………….. 5,549,340 be of great advantage if some one would give money to endow mis- From this it will be seen that sionary secretaryships in order there has been a fluctuation in re- that no contributors might think ceipts, for which it is difficult to that their money was being used to account. No doubt, the causes of run the machinery instead of going the decrease in the income of many direct!y to the foreign field. of our foreign missionary boards have been manifold. Amongothers, An increase, and a steadiness in hard times, lax views in regard to missionary income proportionate the need of supplanting heathen to the demands of the work, can creeds (probably fostered in part by be obtained only by a cultivation of the Parliament of Religions), the the grace of continuance. The batales of unsympathetic travelers as sis of missions needs to be emphato the "luxurious living" of mis- sized, systematic giving must be sionaries in foreign lands, the false practised, and the mission field deductions from the expensive should be kept constantly before buildings erected by many mission the people-the facts relative to the boards, and especially the many needs, the progress, the difficulties, undenominational enterprises and the administration, etc. Special independent appeals, both at home objects naturally and, we believe, and abroad. Such work as that of legitimately, appeal to the heart of Ramabai in India has, no doubt, Christians. Giving should not dediverted many contributions from pend on sensational appeals, but it denominational channels. But even stands to reason that men and such causes do not adequately ac- women will give largely in proporcount for the falling off of incomes. The most deepseated cause may be the lack of a true foundation for the missionary motive. It is not tion to their knowledge of existing these new enterprises. which are needs. Donors do not like to trust now before the public, than for the distribution of their gifts en- those which are of long standing. tirely in the hands of secretaries, Many societies refrain frOI.J. enterand to feel that they are lost in a ing because they have not the general mass while other definite means, but we .know of none which and worthy objects clamor for help refrains from principles of interon every side. "Ve believe that denominational comity. We believe some method should be devised for that a golden opportunity has been bringing I'!pecial needs before Chris- lost to put these principles into practians, not so much to impel giving tise. Vast fields in Asia and Africa as to direct gifts. remain unoccupied while societies prepare to crowd upon each other The whole problem has been par- in a few small islands. The need tially solved, at least, by the wom- in these new possessions is great, en's missionary societies and prayer but comparatively there are vastly circles. Here spirituality is fos- more needy fields which an unselfish tered, interest is quickened and spirit would lead some to enter directed, and those who give and in preference. pray keep in contact with the work. According to our latest intelli- The Missionary Occupation of Our New gence the following societies have Possessions. entered, or propose to enter, the islands which have been ceded by The recent war has thrown heavy Spain: 'responsibilities upon the people of the United States, not the least of CUBA. them being the giving of the Gos- The Protestant Episcopal Missionary Society. pel to the people of Cuba, Puerto The Presbyterian Board of F. M. (South). Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. The Presbyterian Board of H. M. (North). All of these islands were nominally The Congregational Home Missionary Soc. Roman Catholic under Spain, but The H. M. B. of the So. Baptist Convention. had little opportunity to know the The Baptist Home Mission Society. Gospel of Christ either by precept The Foreign Christian Missionary Society. or by example. It is a commentary The Methodist Episcopal M. S. (South). on Spanish morality, that one of The Methodist Episcopal M. S. (North) (1). the first laws enacted by the United The African Methodist Episcopal M. S. States was necessarily against im- The F. M. S. of the United Brethren in Christ. moral plays in the theaters and the The Christian and Missionary Alliance. sale of indecent books and pictures. The Society of Friends.

The zeal which the various mis- PUERTO RICO. sionary societies have shown in The Protestant Episcopal Missionary Society. planning to send missionaries to The Presbyterian Board of Home Missions. these islands is in some respects The American Missionary Association. commendable, but dashes rudely to The American Baptist Missionary Society. the ground our cherisht hope that The Christian Home Missionary Society. now at last missionary comity The Methodist Episcopal M. S. (North).. would be put into practise. The The African Methodist Episcopal M. S. result of the preliminary confer- The United Brethren in Christ. ences of missionary secretaries The Christian and Missionary Alliance. seems to have had little practical The Society of Friends. results, but every organization which can secure the funds makes THE PHILIPPINES. plans to enter. One reason may be The Protestant Episcopal Missionary Society. that it is easier to raise money for The Presbyterian Board F. M. (North). The American Baptist Missionary Union. The Foreign Christian Missionary Society. The Methodist Episcopal Missionary Society. The Christian and Missionary Alliance.

GUAM. The American Board C. F. M.

In addition to these societies are the independent and interdenomi- E. Speer. Exception has been national workers of the Bible and Tract societies, the Salvation taken to it, notably by The Gospel Army, etc. Some steps have been taken with a view to denomina- Message, in an article headed tional comity and the division of territory, but nothing which meets " Sound the Alarm." The real purthe demands of the situation. "The good is the enemy of the best." We pose and purport of the paragraph rejoice that Christians are stirred with a desire to carry the Gospel criticised was misunderstood by the to these islands, but who will say that this method is right? As men critics. I t was taken by us as a sort and wonlen are converted in our "new possessions," are they to of sarcasm or semi-humorous chalhave denominational labels? For once at least Christians should lenge. Mr. Speer knew that he unite in preaching a simple Gospel, and in founding one church under was throwing down a gauntlet that the simple name of "Christian." There should be no rivalry to estab- would not be soon taken up, and in lish sects, no waste of money or energy, and no· discredit brought the same spirit the REVIEW repeaton the cause of Christ by divisions among brethren. We know of one ed the challenge. The stanchest harmonious church in which there are eleven different denominations, among Protestants may safely say including Friends, Baptists, Methodists, Presbyterians, etc. It is to the Roman Catholic Church that, not too late to take the necessary steps, but it soon will be. A divided if they will send out men who will church is not according to the mind of Christ. preach the simple Gospel, Protes- Some means should be devised tants will turn to other fields. That for carrying out the principles of Christian unity and of missionary challenge need not be qualified until comity. Why not organize a board composed of representatives of all it is at least nominally accepted. the leading societies of America at least, and give this boardautho1'ity Whoever will faithfully preacb to decide the interdenominational questions which can not be decided Christ and Him crucified to lost otherwise? These conferences accomplish little; somebody must men, should have encouragelnenthave power delegated to it in order that something may be done. should, at least, be let alone.

Roman Oatholic Missions. As to the general principles in- In our November (1898) number, volved in the criticism, a few comp. 869, was quoted a statement on Roman Catholic countries and ments must suffice. missions, attributed to Mr. Robert l. The paragraph, as it stands in our Novenlber issue, does not voice our own sentiments, nor is it free from risk of misconstruction. But our repeated utterances in these pages must have assured our readers that we believe many of the principal doctrines of the Romish Church to be both false in teaching and evil in tendency. There is a demand for Protestant missions in papal lands, not because they are Roman Catholic, but because they are not in any proper sense Christian and evangelical.

2-. In some cases there is a deplor- able state of ignorance, immorality, and superstition, which is con- ceded by papists themselves. A leading missionary in South America says after thirty years' experience, that the average condi- tion of the people there is so de- graded that their state is practi· cally worse than if nominal Chris- tianity had not found entrance; and some papal communities have proven harder fields than pagan lands.

3. The principle of the New Testament is that in all Gospel effort, preference is to be given to the fields most destitute of Gospel bazaars, and score of similar expelight; and that whether in pretense dients whereby money is so often or in truth Christ is preacht, if only raised for "the Lord's purposes," He be preacht, we are to rejoice. so-called. There was a spirit of Whenever, therefore, the Roman giving, praying, and praising mani- Catholic Church sends out mission- fested, and the spontaneity of the aries who by precept and example whole offering was its charm. preach the Gospel, Protestants Thousands of pounds will need to may well occupy more needy fields. be secured yet before the colossal This we believe to have been Mr. building will be completely re- Speer's meaning, tho, perhaps, his stored, but from the cheerful utterance was not sufficiently manner in which previous gifts guarded. have come in without pressure or urgency, there will aparently be 4. 'Ve wish every attitude and little difficulty in raising the whole utterance of this REVIEW to be sum. May the future of this great markt by charity to brethren as church be full of blessing and its well as loyalty to truth, and it is missionary influence pervade the a part of charity not unduly to world. magnify the errors of professing disciples. The Roman Catholic L. H. B. Yie, a Korean stUdent Church has conserved certain pre- at Cliff College, Dr. Guinness' Insticious truths, but dangerous errors tute in Curbar, England, takes exhave permeated the whole lump, ception to some statements in our and we fear that the general influ- February number (p. 117), and we ence of Romanists everywhere is think his words worthy of a place toward a ceremonial righteousness here. It is only fair to say, howrather than justification by faith, ever, that the statements referred and that the mass, the confessional, to were only an extract from an the worship of the Virgin, and article by Robert E. Speer, a man prayers to the saints, and like prac- whom we know to be moved by a tises everywhere foster bondage to deep love for the Koreans, and a priestcraft and an idolatry scarcely sincere respect for many of their less ensnaring than that of heathen- characteristics. Mr. Yie says in ism. If this be true, charity becomes part: laxity when it leads to silence or restrains earnest protest. With I have found in your magazine a few statecharity to all and malice toward ments in which Korea has been very unnone, we must maintain a Gospel favorably estimated, especially that about standard and witness against error His Majesty. the present emperor of Korea. whether found in Protestant or in I pray much f"r the success of every mispapal teaching and practise. sionary there, and I believe there is the light of the Gospel in the" Land of lIiorning Calm," At the Metropolitan Tabernacle where the people begin to seek for the truth of Christ. I speak with the sentiment of the in London, in March, there was Koreans. His Majesty, the present emperor of Korea. is a gentleman and kind sovereign, held a unique gathering for the with an admirable idea of modern civilization and sympathetical feeling toward the missionraising of contributions toward the aries of every country. In regard to the condition of the government, if the new completion of the rebuilding. Mrs. wheels of the political machinery continue in regular motion as they have now begun, the Charles H. Spurgeon, the mother, world will in time see a new Korea.

with her two sons, Thomas, the pastor, and Charles, pastor at Greenwich, stood for some hours to receive the offerings, and a steady stream of gifts poured into Mrs. Spurgeon's hands, until be- tween six and seven thousand pounds were received. The whole affair was well managed and con- trasts beautifully with the various and elaborate festivals, fairs,

RECENT BOOKS ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

V.-RECENT BOOKS ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS.

PILKINGTON OF UGANDA, by C. F. Harford to anything recorded in apostolic Battersby. Maps. Illustrated. 8vo., 346 days. pp. Marshal! Bros., London, and Fleming H. Revell Co., New York and Chicago. The book, however, possesses an- $1.50. other attraction, in the wise and spiritual sayings which are scat- This book is the brief record of tered through its pages. And of the short life of George Lawrence these we give some few "hand- Pilkington, who recently fell, in fuls " gleaned as from the corners Uganda, and whose name, like that of the field, almost without selecof Mackay, will be inseparable from tion, hoping many may thus be led the Gospel triumphs in that land. to examine for themselves the The book is so full of suggestion and riches this book contains. instruction that we give it ample space in this REVIEW, in addition A few extracts will suffice to to the extended references already show how suggestive and helpful made to it in the article on the were Pilkington's views of Gospel Pentecostal Movement. (See p. 321.) truth. As to continuance in sin: First, the volume is valuable as Once a man sees the awful danger from the story of the life that extended which he has been rescued, he won't see how over only thirty-two and a half close he can get to the precipice without years, from June 4, 1865, to Dec. tumbling over. He will hate that which so 11, 1897. Pilkington died, shot down nearly ruined him, and which crucified his in the effort to quell the "second Savior-sin and the devil. Repentance means mutiny" in Uganda. It was after a change of mind, and doesn't imply sorrow some seven years in the field, dur- of necessity; true sorrow for sin can not ing which he had showed himself come, I believe, till after conversion. Regret one of the most efficient workers for its evil effects is quite possible, but sorever in Africa, and especially gifted row because God hates sin is impossible till in translation of the Word of God. our heart feels the same holy impulses as God. A second attraction of the volume is that it forms a fitting sequel As to lack of assurance: to the biography of Alexander Mackay. That gives the story of Doubt of our own acceptance with God, of the Uganda mission during the Qllr everlasting salvation, comes from selfearlier days and up to the appoint- righteousness in the garb of humility. It is ment of Pilkington; so that the because a man imagines that something in two together give us a connected himself is necessary to atone for sin that he account of the most remarkable doubts whether he is saved. I stick to missionary triumphs which have Leviticus xvii: 2 (probably xvii: 11 is meant). been known in Africa within a half century. Indeed, it may be The difficulties of translation: questioned whether, with the exception of Johnson's work at Sierra Luganda, tho a very rich language, may Leone, the revival at the Hawaiian happen to be weak just where Greek is Islands, and the great work among strong. We have used one word for the the Telugus, the century has known Greek ."..<VI'-4 (spirit), "',;X~ (soul) and KapSt" anything else equal to the victories (heart). of the Gospel in Uganda since the martyrdom of Hannington in 1885. Again, the word for u to love" and ". to These thirteen and a half years will" is the same in Luganda; hence, "achave seen a transformation equal cording to the will of God ., might mean" the love of God." Again, for "accept" and H be- lieve" there is only one word. P. 194, If a man wants to go in for what are called worldly pleasures, I can't see what good it would be to hinder him: if he tastes the pleasures which God gives, the others drop off, as a dog drops a bit of potato when you offer him a bone. There isn't time for both. say, let every man no as he is disposed in his heart. A man is what he is disposed in THROUGH ARMBNlA ON HORSEBACK. George his heart to be; what he does is only a symp- H. Hepworth. Map and illustrations. tom of what he is, and of very trifling impor- 8vo. 354 pp. $1.50. E. P. Dutton & Co., tance comparatively, except as a symptom. New York. The devil changed would be a devil still. Even when he appears as an angel of light, As known to most of our readers, he's still the devil. P.202. the Rev. G. H. Hepworth was sent by James Gordon Bennett of the Referring to the need of being New York Herald, "to take a filled with the Holy Spirit (see lead- bird's-eye view of the Armenian ing article, pp. 324). region, where so many horrible massacres have taken place, and to If it had not been that God enabled me, discover, so far as possible, the after three years in the mission field, to ac- present conditions and future pros- cept by faith the gift of the Holy Spirit, I pects of this nearly exterminated should have given up the work. I could not race." The story of the expedition have gone on as I was then. A book by is told in this book, and told in a fas- David, the Tamil evangelist, shewed me that cinating way. As the journey was my life was not right, that I had not the undertaken with the full knowl- power. P. 222. edge and consent of the sultan, and under the protection of a body- At Liverpool conference, in 1896, guard sent by him, it would seem Mr. Pilkington said some very wise natural that Mr. Hepworth should and striking things: be somewhat prepossest in his favor. But we lay down the book, If yon speak to an African of God, he does feeling that the writer has sought not know what you mean, and your words honestly to tell the truth. The convey to him no significance. If you would tr.uth was indeed hard to get at, win him, you must give him the testimony of for as he says: a Christian life. While I think the sultan is honest, I also To gain the heathen you must live with think he has been misinformed. The docu- them. Get close to the hearts you would win ments sent to the palace were a tissue of lies. for Christ. Let your heart be entwined with The Armenians can not be safely trusted, their's. Let n~ barriers of big houses, or because their terror makes multiplication clotl.es, or custom, or national prejudice easy. The Turkish officials can not be mar your work, nor any pride or daintiness. trusted, for since all Europe was infuriated, Let us become all things to all men-become, their whole business was to minimize the not pretend to be. affair.

As to missionaries' qualifications We get an interesting glimpse of he said: Constantinople, a city of a million inhabitants, without a postal de- Realize the importance of physical care in livery; a glimpse, too, of the Conthe matter of food and flesh. The best train- stantinople Turk, who has learned ing is to be able to live on the simplest food, all the vices but none of the virtues and never to indulge in sleep. In the matter of modern civilization; who, of food the Israelites were first tempted, and while a thousand years behind the in the matter of sleep the disciples failed in times, "fancies he is in the vanthe hour of our Lord's need. guard of civilization."

Uganda was, fifteen years ago, an Trebizond is the real startingisolated mission field in the center point of the journey through Anaof a vast dark continent. Now a tolia. And here we first meet the Armenians, of whom Mr. Hepgreat highway is projected from worth says: Cairo to the Cape, with Khartum and Uganda as its two main junc- A more hopeless people it has never been my lot to behold. The number of those who tions. Livingstone and Gordon and have lost all, and must begin life anew, is Mackay and Hannington have beyond the reach of computation. At every helpt, by their lives and deaths, to missionary st&tioll in the Gountry, you wUI open up this highway. Livingstone declared in the Senate House at Cambridge in 1857, over forty years ago; I know that within a few years I shall be cut off in that country, which isnow open; do not let it be shut again! I go back to Africa to try and make an open path for commerce and Christianity; do you carry out the work which I nave begun; I leave it for you. find orphans by the score, made orphans by note that the Turk is ashamed of the mas- as base a crime as ever stained the page of sacres. The whole nation is conscious of its history. guilt.

At Erzerum we reach the Mr_ Hepworth in his journey " center of the Armenian question." from Erzerum, visited Mt. Ararat, Here the ghastly massacre was past through Bitlis, Diabekr, Ain- begun by bugle call, and ended in tab, and westward again to Smyrna the same way. Frequently the and Constantinople. The book writer pays a tribute to the mis- abounds in vivid descriptions of sionaries. For example: the people, the roads, the schools, the horses, the scenery of the land In Erzerum they live in one of the dirtiest so greatly blest by God, so greatly parts of the city, where the filth is little less cursed by man. than ankle-deep, but they are doing a wonder- ful work. Of course, they attempt nothing in One further glimpse of the mis- the way of conversion. They are practically sionaries: engaged in a mission to foreign Christians. There are nearly two hundred children in the I have seen a large number of these mis- boys' and girls' school, a large majority of sionaries, and I have found them rather a sad whom were made orphans by the recent set of men. They are without congenial comdisasters, and are wholly dependent upon panionship from one year's end to the other; the missionaries for their support as well as they lead lonely and secluded lives; they are their education. keenly on the watch for danger, not to them- selves, but to the people among whom they As to the causes of the massacres; work. That kind of life tells not only on a there is no single cause, but a man's brain, but on his body as well. The complication of causes. In the first price to be paid for the enlightenment of the place, "the Turk has conquered nation is very heavy, but these noble men the Armenian by force of arms, and women earnestly are willing to pay it, but the Armenian has the better of and I for one feel that my poor life amounts the Turk by force of brains. Up to to nothing in comparison; so with a full the time of the recent massacres heart, a heart with a big ache in it, I cry, the Turk was continually losing I. God bless them." money, while the Armenian grew richer every day." This could not THE AMERICAN COLONIAL HANDBOOK. By last. forever, and on occasion must Thomas C. Copeland. Maps. 16mo, 181 end in bloodshed. pp. 5Oc. Funk & Wagnalls Co., New York and London_ . The Armenians, while theoretically on an equality with t.he Turks This is an exceedingly useful and before the law, are subjected to all timely volume, being a "ready sorts of petty tyranny, are fre- reference book of facts and figures, quently tortured to secure testi- historical, geographical, and commony, are continually treated as mercial, about Cuba, Puerto Rico, political suspects by the petty poli- the Philippines, Hawaii, and ticians, who wish to stand well with Gualn." Each of the "colonies" the central government. On the is taken up separately, and is in the slightest pretext a man is regarded form of a catechism, most of the as a revolutionist, and the slightest information desired being clearly incident is the signal for a and concisely given. The facts as to massacre. Cuba are given under the headings of geography, climate, mountains, As to the extent of the mas- rivers, harbors, roads, transportasacres: tion, population, cities, agriculture, sugar, tobacco, vegetables, min- Out of, perhaps, a population of six erals, animals, finance, commerce, hundred thousand, it would be a moderate and shipping. There are also conestimate to say that fifty thousand have been denst historical and geographical killed. These victims were mostly men, heads notes and statistical tables. The of families. Very few women were murdered other "new possession!;!" are simi- !,nd verr few children. It is interestinl;' to larly treated. The following are and conditions of this archipelago. some of the facts given as to Mr. Lala is a man of education, and Guam: wields a facile pen. His descrip- tions are vivid and picturesque, and The Mariana Islands, or Ladrones, were his narratives full of interest. discovered by Magellan on March 6, 1521, The photographic illustrations are being the first archipelago in the Pacific seen good, but the map is too small to by Europeans. They were annext to Spain be of much practical value. The in 1668. The group consists of fifteen small lack of an index is only partially islands, of which only five are inhabited, and supplied by a full table of contents. of these Guam is the largest. The islands are of volcanic origin and partly mountainous, THE TRANSFORMATION OF HAWAII. By Belle with an aggregate area of 420 square miles, M. Brain. Illustrated. 12mo, 193 pp. and a population of 10,170,8,561 of whom are $100. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, on Guam. Guam is 27 miles in length by 3 Chicago, and Toronto. to 10 miles in breadth, with an area of 198 square miles and a coast line of 100 miles, Any book on Hawaii has now par- in which there are three harbors. The ticular interest for American read- natives resemble the Tagals of the Philip- ers, and any book which does not pines, and are lazy, ignorant, and of low treat largely and sympathetically morality. The soil is fertile, and rice, maize, of the work of the missionaries in cotton, indigo, sugar, cocoa, and tobacco are the redemption from ignorance and cultivated. The inhabitants were nominally degradation of the" Paradise of the converted to Romanism, but are now as Pacific," is fundamentally lacking. much in need of the Gospel as before the Miss Brain has had much experi- priests arrived. ence in educating young people in the cause of missions, and it is for THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. By Ramon Reyes them especially that she tells the Lala. Map. Illustrated. 8vo, 342 pp. romantic and thrilling story of $250. The Continental Publishing Co., "How American Missionaries Gave New York. a Christian Nation to the World." Her book gives reliable information The Philippine Islands have sud- as to the character of the islands denly risen out of obscurity, and and their inhabitants, the main numerous books. of more or less points of their history from their value have been suddenly thrust discovery in 1778 to their annexaupon the market. Next to Dean tion to the United States in 1898, Worcester's volume this by Mr. and some of the remarkable epi- Lala is by far the best. Dean sodes connected with missionary Worcester, writing as a scientific work. Much incidental informaobserver, considers each island tion is also given as to the pronunseparately, describing the country ciation of Hawaiian words, Haand people from an outsider's point waiian numerals, ordinary exof view. Ramon Lala writes, as pressions, proper names, songs, only an educated native could, with prayers, etc. The story is told in an intimate knowledge of the peo- a charmingly simple manner, calple, and, no doubt, with some culated to interest persons of all prejudices as well. He gives the ages. Every Sunday-school library history, political and religious, should have the book. from a native view point, and describes the character, customs, and BRIGHT BITS, for Reading in Missionary Socioccupations of the peoples, and the eties. Second series. Compiled by Mrs. animal, vegetable, and mineral M. S. Budlong. 12mo, 204 pp. Paper. products of the islands in a way 4Oc. Mrs. Budlong, Rockford, Ill. which shows careful study. The last two chapters give the story of Mrs. Budlong's "Bright Bits" Dewey's victory and the American will be welcomed by many leaders .occupation up to Aug. 17, 1898. of missionary societies. They con- These two volumes supplement !;list of Bible readin~s, appeals, each other happily in giving a two-sided view of the cltaracter poems, exercises, stories, and sug- imagination. The day has past, gestions for programs, all of which we are glad to say, when Bible will be found exceedingly useful. pictures were chiefly characterized Many of the readings are from by their grotesque anachronisms, well-known authors, and would and in the Illuminated' Bible the occupy from one to ten minutes in artists show a sympathetic and en· reading. lightened skill.

THE ROYAL COMMISSION ON OPIUM. The report Monthly Missionary Bibliography, of the commission compared with evi- dence from China that was submitted to HISTORY of THE CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY. the commission. An examination and an appeal. By Arnold Foster, with a pref- Its environment, its men, and its work. ace signed by the Archbishop of Canter- By Eugene Stock. 3 vol. 8vo, 6•. each. bury, and 147 others. 8vo, 41 pp. 6d. Church Missionary SOCiety, London. P. S. King & Son, London. THE FLAMING TORCH IN THE DARK CONTINENT. This seems to us an unanswer- By Bishop William Taylor. Illustrated. able proof of the lack of thorough- 8vo,675 pp. $2.50. Eaton & Mains, New ness and honesty on the part of York. the royal commission as a whole. Opium is undoubtedly the curse of UNDER THE AFRICAN SUN. By W. J. Ansorge. China, and is so recognized by the Illustrated. 8vo, 355 pp. $5.00. Longmans, Chinese statesmen, assuredly by all Green & Co., New York. Christians. The crime of England in forcing the trade upon China, HISTORY OF THE COLONIZATION OF AFRICA and in continuing the imports, is unmitigated. Absolute prohibition BY ALllllN RACES. By Sir Harry H. Johnof the exporting of rum and opium. ston. Maps. Bvo, 320 pp. $1.50. The should be enforced by all nations Macmillan Co., New York. which claim to be either Christian WEST AFRICAN STUDIES. By- Mary H. Kingsor civilized. Read Mr. Arnold's ley. Maps and illustratIOns. Bvo, 633 pp. examination if you wish to be con- $5.00. The Macmillan Co., New York. vinced that the royal commission ON THE SOUTH AFRICAN FRONTIER. Wm. carried on its investigations with a Harvey Brown. Maps and illustrations. view to uphold the criminal traffic. 8vo, 430 pp. $3.00. Charles Scribner'S Sons, New York. THE ILLUMINATED BIBLE. Teachers' Edition HISTORY 0>' SOUTH AMERICA. Translated 8vo. Flexible covers. American Bible from the Spanish by Adah D. Jones. House, New York. Maps and indexlls. 8vo, 345 pp. The Macmillan Co. This is one of the modern Bibles, IN THE KLONDYKE. By Frederick Palmer. self-pronouncing, with marginal Illustrated. 12mo, $1.50. Charles Scrib· references, concordance, maps, ner's Sons. numerous helps, and nearly 600 AMERICAN COLONIAL HANDBOOK. By T. C. original illustrations, (mostly vign- Copeland. Maps. 16mo, 180 pp. 5Oc. ettes). We scarcely know whether Funk & Wagnalls Co. or not to class the last mentioned INDUSTRIAL CUBA. By Robert P. Porter. 8vo. feature among the helps. For the G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York. most part they are exceptionally HAWAIIAN ALLIANCE AND ANNUAL FOR 1899 well conceived and executed,and for Compiled by Thos. G. Thrum. 8vo, 203 young people, or those especially pp. 75c. Baker & Taylor Co., New York. susceptible to impression through THE REAL HAWAII. By Lucien Young. $1.50. pictorial art, will be interesting Doubleday & McClure, New York. and helpful. To our mind it is not THROUGH NEW GUINEA WITH A CAMERA. By adapted for a "Study Bible," and Capt. Webole. 8vo. Frederick A. Stokes, as a rule we believe that teachers New York. will find more assistance from the IN THE AUSTRALIAN BUSH AND ON THE COAST " helps" and maps than from these OF THE CORAL SEA. By Richard Semon. tasteful {lroduC£s of the artist's Maps and illustrations. 8vo, 552 pp. The Macmillan Co. CHINA AND ITS FUTURE. By Rev. .Tames John- ston. Illustrated. 12mo. 180 pp. 4 shil- lings. Elliot Stock, London. DAVID HILL: MISSIONARY AND SAINT. By Rev. W. T. A. Barber. Chas. H. Kelly, London. JAPAN AND ITS RESCUE. By A. D. Hall, D.D. 12mo, 150 pp. 750. The Cumberland Publishing Company, Nashville, Tenn. IN NORTHERN INDIA. By Rev. A. R. Covalier. Illustrated, 8vo, 174 pp. 3. 6d. S. W. Partridge & Co., London. MODERN PERSIA. Rabbi M. G. Daniel. 224 pp. 75c. Henderson & Co., Toronto. SPAIN. By F. A. Ober. 16mo, 285 pp. 60c. D. Appleton & Co., New York. THE CITY WILDERNESS. A Settlement Study. Edited by Robert A. Wood. $1.50. !loughton, Mifflin & Co., BostoU.

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

VI.-GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE.

EDITED BY REV. D. L. LEONARD, D.D.

THE KINGDOM. 4,367,152 last year. For use in Europe 80 languages are employed, -Rev. I. S. Hankins in the Bap- in Africa as many, and 24 for Mostist Missionary Magazine remarks lems. The number of alphabets that if a missionary could have used is 40. An agency on the line knowledge of everything under the of the Suez canal sells Bibles in 70 sun, he could have use for it every languages. week. In his own experience he has had to be housebuilder, doctor, -The Hindu Shastras have given lawyer, preacher, and teacher. us India; the Koran has given us Arabia, Turkey, and North and -The faculty and students of Central Africa; the doctrine of McMaster University, Toronto, set Gautama Buddha has given us :aside one day each month for the Burma, Tibet, and Siam; the teach- :study of missions. All lectures in ings of Confucius have given us ,the arts and theological depart- enfeebled distracted China. The ments are suspended on that day, Bible has given us Britain, Gerand the large attendance of faculty many, the United States–nations and students shows how much the which, tho unhappily afflicted with day is appreciated by all. The numberless evils because the Bible Volunteer Band corresponds with is not yet allowed full supremacy the graduates of the university in in the individual and national life, the mission field, and letters from are in the van of human progress, the alumni are read at every meet- enlightenment, and civilization. ing. In five hundred years no really use- ful invention or valuable discovery -Rev. F. B. Meyer at a recent has originated in any land outside gathering in Calcutta recom- the pale of Christendom. Neither mended the Christ method of pro- Asia nor Africa for twenty generapagating Christianity, and said tions has contributed a single idea that if he were a young missionary from which the world is reaping he would do his very best to "train comfort, enrichment, or uplifting twelve apostles, seeking to imbue impulse. How is this ?-Indian them with his own spirit, living Witness. with them, working with them, and sending them forth." A man -A company of 60 gentlemen of the fullest consecration, largest dined together in a Boston hotel faith, greatest tact, soundest judg- the other evening. That is no ment, and ripest experience would unusual occurrence. The same be necessary for this kind of work, hostelry witnesses, during the but given such a combination of winter season, many similar gatherqualities and twelve workmen de- ings of business men, but in this velopt in this way, a most effective case they assembled not merely to and blessed service would follow. enjoy a dinner, but to become newly interested in the cause of foreign -An article in Allgemeine Mis- missions. From one of their sions-Zeitschrijf for January on number, who has recently visited a what Bible societies have done for distant country, where missions missions states that the British are in successful operation, they and Foreign Bible Society alone has learned of the amazing progress of put 155,000,000 volumes in print, the last few years. There were summary of rational ideas, etc. other addresses designed to lay We know no other Gospel than upon the hearts and consciences, that which signifies a message upon the intellect and the-push of of the gracious God, and this mes- these business men their responsi- sage has an historical origin. There bility for evangelizing the world. is only one locality in space, from There was little of the conventional whence the person-forming forces, missionary appeal. There was no the complex of which we name gush or inconsequential moralizing. Christianity, have taken their point The meeting was simply designed of departure, only one point in to show these men, many of whom time, from which the certainty are successful and prominent in streamed out to mankind, that their respective callings, what a atonement and love are the highest glorious thing it is for a mau who ruling powers, and that only, there- is making money to-day to see the fore, does this world deserve to be world-wide opportunities for his called a world of God. So far the benevolence.-Cong1'egationalist. faces of all, whether from the rising or the setting sun, must, as -This is our plea for foreign mis- we read in the Gospel (Luke 9 : 51), sions. God has given the earth to be steadfastly set toward Jerusa- the children of men. But the lem. There alone rest the ever- children of men are God's children lastingly availing remembrances, too. Only in His name and fear do from whence bonds of brotherhood they truly possess the earth which are knit strong enough to encircle He has given them. To claim the a world. But this is for us no earth for Him was the great work longer a mere dawn of history, no of Christ. To claim the earth for piece of old cloth that is to be arti- Him must be the work of every ficially patcht upon an alien body of servant of Christ who in any degree history, but it is the center from is like his Master. That claim is to which the history of all and every be made first by living ourselves people needs to be brought into brave, pure, faithful, Godlike lives position as braving the signifiupon the earth, letting men see and cance of a single cooperating scene proving,to ourselves that a man in the great drama of the hismay live upon this wicked earth as tory of mankind. This appears the true child of God. It is to to me the only possible solube made again by telling to all tion of the entangled knot formed _mankind, in the never outworn, by the diverging remembrances of never outgrown story of the Incar- the cultivated peoples. This elenation, that they and the earth in ment of the past must, as still which they live are not their own, working in one and every present, but God's; are their own only be- be taken up into all peoples' book cause they are God's; have been of memory and of life. N everthemade truly and thoroughly their less, India, China, Japan must be own by being redeemed to God in held quit of the necessity of an Jesus Christ.-Phillips Brooks. artificial inoculation with that which natural development has -Dr. Holtzmann, speaking of found only on Jewish, Grecian, the Evangelisch – protestanischer Roman, Germanic soil. This, in- Missions- Verein, goes dn to say: deed, will be' the final test of the "He would do us wrong who should universal character of the Christian ascribe to us the design of bringing message of salvation, that, for Christianity to the heathen world wholly various antecedent histoas an unhistorical somewhat, aSa ries, it can provide a consummation boy who was cast into the Ganges always equally fit, for heterogene- was saved by some soldiers and is ous edifices are equally appropriate now temporarily at the orphanage, pinnacles for the most distant and with his sister, who had been sold, most widely divergent paths of de- during the famine, for 33 cents. velopment by concordant goal. A Now the. parents have become missionary work that pursues right Christians, and the children are aims will result in many national under Christian training. churches. Even so many past histories will Christianity, as it were, -Miss Annie R. Taylor, of Yaabsorb into itself. This variety of tong, is well, but weary. She is manifestations will become ever kept busy. During the first half of multiform, but will bring out only December she took Ra. 400. The the more evidently the inner unity Chinese amban and retinue are and simplicity of its nucleus." good customers. But some of them prefer to help themselves, and a WOMAN'S WORK. sharp lookout has to be kept. Our sister distributes large numbers of -I have been askt, "What is copies of the Gospels, and preaches the most beautiful thing you have Jesus to all comers. Some of the seen in Japan? " The grandest Chinese appear interested, and tell vision is the scenery, but the her they have heard of Jesus in prettiest thing to be seen is a China. They are interested in a Japanese lady riding in a jinrikisha double sense, and seek in this way and shaded by a paper umbrella. to make friends in hopes of getting The whole effect of such a picture things cheaper. It is certainly reis bewitchingly artistic. But if I markable that the opening of Yawere askt, "What is the most tong as a trading station for Euroimpressive thing I have seen?" I peans, has thus far only resulted in reply without hesitation, it is the the missionary trader getting a faces of the Christian women of footing there.-News and Notes. Japan, especially those who have been trained in Christian schools. -Rev. F. B. Meyer, while in India There is an expression in their paid a visit to the Ludhiana Medical faces, revealing a character and a School, which has been establisht purpose in life, which one misses for some twenty years, and is now so much in the majority of faces, under general direction of Miss and one can tell, with a fair degree Greenfield, who lives in the adjoinof certainty, from the face alone, ing bungalow; and of Dr. Edith what Christianity has done for Brown, a thoroughly qualified women through its schools, placing woman doctor. She is assisted by 2 its seal of nobility on what is other- fully qualified medical women, Dr. wise but a vanity fair.-Rev. F. S. Eleanor Dodson and Miss Thor- Scudder. nett. He reports: -More than one-half of the 112 " This is the hospital; lofty, spacigirls in the orphanage at Rakha, ous, clean, sweet. The amount of India, have been taken in during medical work done at this place, the past two years, writes Mrs. and in the 3 dependent dispensaries, Forman. Many of them will never. is something surprising. Last year recover from the effects of the atone village 2,000 cases, at another months of slow starvation during 2,000, in the city between 12,000 and the famine. One little girl was 15,000. Think of what is meant by rescued who had been thrown away 233 major operations-that is, those by her father and mother. A little which required the administration of anesthetics-and 1,100 minor op- erations I" -During its sixty years Mt. again, as always in the kingdom of Holyoke Seminary (now College) God, we see action and reaction. has sent 187 of its graduates to If missions are in a way of owing mission fields in foreign lands, and much to our unions, these already Oberlin has sent 123. Truly, a mag- owe enormously to missions; mem- nificent record, bers full of zeal, captivating ses- sions, instructive recitals, living YOUNG PEOPLE. correspondences, examples such as to restrain from discouragement -The Chicago Y. M. C. A. has 5 and to teach how to praise God.- city, 4 railroad, and 15 college Le Missionnaire (Geneva). branches; 6 buildings, valued at $2,029,245 (above all indebtedness, -Canada has 87,000 Epworth $1,388,295), with annual receipts League members, who have underamounting to $120,140. Five gym- taken the support of 21 missionnasiums are sustained, and 110 sec- aries. retaries and others devote all their time to the work. -The Tenth Legion of Christian Endeavor now numbers over 14,000, -The ninth anniversary of the and nearly 141,000 have joined the Madras Y. M. C. A. has recently Comrades of the Quiet Hour. There been observed. The annual report are now nearly 600 Endeavor sociegave the following particulars: The ties in London. Local unions have membership advanced from 425 at been formed in Johannesburg, Pethe beginning to 521 at the close of termoritzburg, Cape Town, and the year. Of the 521,171 are Indian King William's Town. Madagas- Christians, 236 Hindus, 20 Moham- car's recent Christian Endeavor medans, 1 Parsee, 1 Burman, and 92 con·vention enrolled 500 delegates. Europeans. The treasurer's state- The Endeavor cause among the ment showed a total receipt of 6,503 Tamil-speaking millions of South rupees, all locally obtained, which India has grown so rapidly that it more than met all the expenses of now claims an organ to itself, or the association, with the exception rather a part of an organ, the last of the secretary's salary, which is page of the paper, Joyful News, contributed by friends in America. which amounts to a paper for the The educational work of the asso- Endeavorers. ciation shows considerable progress, and has secured support from UNITED STATES. the government in the shape of a grant of 24,000 rupees toward the -Well may we rejoice and give new building, which will be opened hearty thanks that this action was in April next. A hostel for students taken by the recent Congress just is part of th:J enlargement scheme, before adjournment, which is now and will provide accommodation a part of the law of the land: for 38 young men. No officer or private soldier Bhall -The associations of young be detailed to sell intoxicating people are the junior sisters of drinks, as a bartender or otherwise, missions, called to aid these with in any post exchange or canteen, all the force, let us say with all the nor shall any other person be reenthusiasm, of their youth. The quired or allowed to sell such beautiful journey of our friend, Mr. liquors in any encampment or fort, Mott, has been a brilliant confirma- or on any premises used for milition of this truth-we were about tary purposes by the United States; to say of this axiom. And these and the secretary of war is hereby directed to issue such general orders as may be necessary to carry the provisions of this section into full force and effect. And before this Secretary Long -The annual Negro Conference had issued an order that hereafter no intoxicating liquors be sold on was held at Tuskegee, February 22, the ships or in the yards of the navy. with some 2,000 in attendance. As -Rev. Daniel Dorchester, in a usual, the program was eminently recent Chri8tian Advocate, gives these figures as to the relative practical in its character, as this strength of Protestantism and the Papacy in this country: list of topics discust will show: Roman Catholic population…….. 7,336,000 "How many mortgage their Lutheran population…………… 4,309,000 crops? Presbyterian population………… 4,747,000 Various smaller bodies, population. 10,540,000 "How many are planting noth- Baptist population……………..• 13,013,000 ing but cotton? Methodist population…………… 16,062,000 Total non·Catholic population …… 50,616,000 "How many have raised enough corn, vegetables, meat, etc., for -Mr. Jacob Riis is quoted by the their families? Charitie8 Review as being responsible for the statement that in New "How many live on rented lands? York city 1 out of every 5 persons "How many live in houses with who die, dies in a prison, an alms- but one room? house, a lunatic asylum, or a chari- " How many are paying off morttable institution of some kind. gages? Nearly one-tenth of the burials are "Howmany are building houses? in the potter's fieldo "How many have bought land? "How long is your school ses- -There seems to be a larger de- sion? mand than ever for the young men " Is nothing being done to extend and women going out from the the school term? Moody Bible Institute, Chicago, "Is a new school house needed? and it can not keep pace at all with What is being done to secure one? the calls, especially for young men. "Is the teacher right in educa- Of those who left the Institute last tiD!} and morals? Is the same true year, 34 are pastors, pastors' assist- of ministers? ants, and church missionaries; 13 "Is your teacher properly paid are in rescue and city mission work; and properly treated? 31 are evangelistic preachers and "Are the morals of the teacher singers; 6 are Sunday-school mis- improving? Is a line drawn besionaries; 3 are Y. M. C. A. secre- tween the good and bad? taries; 4 are Y. W. C. A. secreta- "Are the women being treated ries; 16 are in educational work; 18 better? are foreign missionaries. There " Is less whisky being used? never has been a student who took "Is money being squandered on the diploma of the Bible Institute excursions? " who has not found some good opening for Christian work. -The grandson of the first wo- -The American Missionary As- man in Zululand to become a consociation has decided to enter upon educational work in Puerto Rico vert to Christianity was recently on the same lines adopted in the South and West for Negroes and ordained a missionary. This marks . Indians. The points selected are another grand achievement of for- San Juan, Mayaguez, and Utuado. eign missionary work as conducted by the American Board. That John L. Dube, a native Zulu, a de- scendant of a cannibal, could, after such a short time in our schools and colleges, pass a satisfactory examination on all points, includ- ing theology, is worthy of notice.

Mr. DuM was to sail with his wife for Africa in April. Congregation- alists have a reason to be proud of Mr. Dube, as he was brought to Christ by one of their missionaries, Dr. Lindsay, and has been educated in the schooll:i of the denomination, being a graduate of Oberlin.-Con- Ponce, Puerto Rico, Nov. 10. Comgregationalist. [Mr. Dube has gone ment is unnecessary: to Africa to establish an Industrial Mission, somewhat on the line of TO THE CATHOLICS. Tuskegee Institute. His plans are Separate yourselves entirely from the Prot. presented in full in the June (1898), estants, and leave them in peace. By no number of this REVIEW.] means attend their meetings. Avoid all re- ligious conversation. If they come to your -The report of the Oommissioner homes speaking of salvation or religion, of Indian Affairs shows that dur- throw them out in the act. By no means reing the past year there have been ceive their Bibles and other papers. on the rolls of the Indian schools Watch your younger (Catholic) children 24,004 pupils, with an average with great care that they may not attend attendance of 19,671, a considerable any Protestant exercise; and that they may increase over the preceding year. not receive of the Protestants either books or The great majority are in the presents or playthings. regular government schools, 19,899; 1st.. Because Protestantism is truly heretic, there are nearly 3,000 in the con- and of the worst kind. tract schools, 315 in public schools, 2d. Because the Protestants do not come of 7iJ7 in mission boarding-schools, and Christ; the first Protestant did not appear 54 in mission day-schools. The until 1517 years after Christ. appropriations for the education of 3d. Because the Protestants falsify the Indians in schools under private Bible in many points; they mutilate it, and control have diminisht steadily. when they explain it they do not present it For the present year the sumu are v;ithout the words which favors their error. for the Roman Catholics, $116,862; 4th. The creed of the Apostles they indigfor Lincoln Institution, $33,400; for nantly trample on. The creed says: "Christ Hampton Institute, $20,040; the born of the Virgin Mary;" and they deny last two being special appropria- the virginity of Saint Mary. The creed says: tions. The amount appropriated '" Believe in the Catholic Church." They for Indian school purposes by the combat this. government for the present year is 5th. At other times they contradict the $2,638,390, a slight increase on the more clear words of Christ, v. g.: "My flesh appropriations for the preceding is truly bread; My blood is truly drink." year. Puerto Ricans, be firm in the faith of your fathers I Live and die in the Catholic re- -The Episcopal Board of Home ligion, which is the only divine, the one which Missions now has in commission 51 comes rightly of Christ and for the great and missionaries among the Indians, 35 only truth. of whom are natives. They minister to 91 organized churches, com- PONCE, 19th of November, 1898. posed of 4,348 members. The Wo- NOTE: With this action we warn the public man's Board maintains 19 day and of a series of leaflets, of great interest to all boarding-schools, with 67 teachers, Catholics of Puerto Rico, which will be disand cares for 888 day and 539 board- tributed in the church free every Sunday. ing pupils. These results of Indian May the divine aid accompany them missions are eminently satisfactory through the way of the Immaculate Mary. to all who are acquainted with the Now in her protection we place them I Indian, both as to the number of converts made and their steadfast- EUROPE. ness and reliability as Christians. Great Britain. – The relative Puerto Rico.-The following is the translation of a circular dis- strength of the Evangelical Free tributed in the Uatholic Church at Churches and Anglican Church is made evident in the following figures, which are for England and Wales alone: Evangelical Free Anglican Ohurches. Church. 6,886,977 Sittings ………… 7,848,804 1,886,059 Members ………. 1,897,175 Teachers……….. 381,153 219,159 Scholars……….. 3,284,963 2,393,372 Pastors. . . . . . . . . . . . 8,802 Local Preachers… 49,970 22,876 The increase in the membership for the year is: Free churches, 47,708; Establisht church, 45,708. -The East London Institute for – The English Preshyterian Home and Foreign Missions and Church, the mission work of which the Kongo Balolo Mission is hence- is mainly in China and India, has forward to be known as The 165 stations, 153 native and 55 Euro- Regions Beyond Missionary Union. pean mIsslOnaries. Ten hospitals All of the old work of the other are open, at which some 30,000 organization is to be prosecuted, patients are treated annually. The and an effort is to be made to hospital of this mission at Swatow evangelize Behar. In that country, is the largest in all China. about as large in territorial extent as England, there are 24,000,000 of -The Free Church of Scotland people, of whom at least 20,000,000 has 42 medical missionaries, some are absolutely without the Gospel, sent by the home society, and sunk in heathen superstition or several prepared at its training Mohammedan degradation. Volun- school in North India. They have teers for this new mission, trained treated during the past year 145,000 men and women from Harley patients. House, are ready to go out next autumn. France.-The grand total of the alms collected by the Lyons Society -The Salvation Army, during for the Propagation of the Faith the last self-denial week, raised during the seventy years between . $165,000 to carryon their work 1822 and 1891, amounted to nearly among the lowly and neglected, an £10,734,000, of which France con- increase of $40,000 over last year. tributed nearly £7,000,000, the Uni- ted Kingdom £353,236, and the -The London Missionary Society whole of North America (both reports that it received last year United States and Canada), only through collecting cards brought in £311,320. An average of less than by boys and girls, the noble sum of £10,000 a year was derived from $38,627. With this money the America and the United Kingdom society was able to maintain the combined. steamer John Williams, the schooner Olive Branch, the pretty -A second monthly paper ap- little lugger Niue, the Hanamoa, pealing to French Romanists is and quite a fleet of whale boats Le Pretre Converti, edited by a band used by missionaries and native of ex-priests, who have taken their teachers in the South Seas and stand by the evangelical faith. New Guinea; also the steel life- Tho friendly disposed toward Ab- boat Morning Star at the south be Bourrier's paper, Le Chretien end of Lake Tanganyika, the river Franrais, the newcomer moves on boats Jessie at Berhampur, and a slightly different plane, and opens Tara at Calcutta, and the Gospel with a bold pronouncement for Boat at Amoy. The outlay on Protestantism, both in doctrine wages, stores, repairs, and working and practise. Le Pretre Converti expenses, including the heavy coal takes good account of current work bill for the John Williams, was all among priests. It is under the provided for by this offering. The management of M. J. B. Corne- vessels belong to the young, and loup, 25 Rue Carlo-Hebert, Courbe- they keep them going. Besides voie, Seine, France. The subscrip- supporting these mission ships and tion price to foreign countries is boats, the offering is in future to be 3fr. 5c. per annum. used to keep schools for the chil- dren of converts. Spain.-No American believes that all Spaniards are 'Veylers. Nevertheless the splendid example 617 baptized members; of these of Captain Don Petro Millet, of the 8,723 belong to the German provbarkentine Gabriel, in rescuing a ince, 5,957 to the British, 22,345 to crew of American sailors, caring the American. On the foreign misfor them twenty-six days, and re- sion field are found 92,142 Chrisfusing to accept remuneration, at tians, not including the missionaries a time when the two nations were and the:r children, while 372 misat war, quite turns the scale of hu- sionaries with 31 native assistants manity in favor of the Spaniard. and 1,914 helpers work in Green- land, Labrador, Alaska, North -Spain has unwittingly done an America, the West Indies, Nicarimportant service in preparing the agua, Demarara, Surinam, South way for the introduction of pure Africa, German East Africa, Aus- Christianity into the Philippines. tralia, West Himalaya. The total Some time previous to the insur- receipts for missionary purposes rection in the islands, a Filipino, during 1898 amounted to 1,655,650 Don Pascual Pubiete, who had J;l1arks. About one-half of the large influence with his country- heavy debt of the previous year has men, was suspected of inciting re- been paid. bellion, carried a prisoner to Spain, and banisht to a fort in Africa, -The Berlin Missionary Society where he suffered much from ill- (Berlin 1.) celebrated its 75th annitreatment. He succeeded in estab- versary in February. The society's lishing his innocence. Being per- staff in South Africa, East Africa, mitted to go to Madrid, he found and China consists of 93 clergymen, his way into a Protestant service, 21 lay-workers, 82 wives, and 142 became interested, was converted, paid native agents in Africa, and 37 and has lately been received into in China. The native congregations membership in the Church of the number about 35,000 souls in Africa Savior in that city. He now in- and 1,000 in China. The title D.D. tends to return to his own country was conferred by the theological as an evangelist. He has already faculty of the Berlin University on translated the first three Gospels Mr. Rathmann, LL.D., the oldest and the Book of Acts into the member of the mission board, and Tagallanguage, under the direction on Rev. A. Merensky, formerly of an agent of the British and For- missionary in' Africa, but now a eign Bible Society. member of the staff at home.

Germany.-A considerable estate Russia.-Two small steps in the near the city of Darmstadt in the direction of religious liberty have grand-duchy of Hesse has been been taken by the Russian Senate. bought for 53,000 marks, to be used One of them is intended to relieve as a house of refuge for neglected the condition of the Stundists who children who have finisht the have allied themselves with Gercourse of instruction in school. It man Baptists, and the other peris a special object to train the mits a sect known as Old Believers children in manual labor. A large to hold religious services in their garden and 20 acres of good land homes. The hierarchy of the Greek afford ample opportunity for Church actively opposed bothmeashonest work. A Christian house- ures. father superintends the work and attends especially to the spiritual -The following incident is narwants. rated in the Anglo-Russian: In the courtyard of the village of -The Moravian Church has 129,- Ekaterinovka about 30 families of non-conformists were assembled. In all probability the applicants next year will be far more numer- The children, usually bright Id ous than this year. We thought when the influx began, three years joyous, were now dead silent and since, that it was a wave soon to pass. On the contrary, it proves clung close to their parents, grasp- an ever-swelling tide."

ing their father's hand or their -Rev. G. C. Raynolds, reporting his relief and orphanage in Van, mother's skirt. . The police states that the entire amount paid out during the year was nearly officer, accompanied by a priest, $45,000. This sum has been received partly from England, America, and appeared, and read a circular or- Germany, and partly from the sale of materials. It has been "expended dering that all children from two for free aid to the suffering, the healing of the sick, the care of orto eleven years should be taken phans, the instruction of boys and girls in different trades. For exfrom their parents. The victims ample, 65 boys are learning the shoemaking trade, 43 the weaver's lookt more dead than alive, and trade, 42 are in tailor shops, 12 are learning the baker's trade, 8 are in shivered and trembled like yellow a tannery, 8 more in a smithy, while a large amount of live stock autumn leaves. Soon the air was is cared for by still others. Outside of the orphanage there have been filled with shrieks of mothers and 1,100 spinners employed, support- ing probably 4 persons each; 700 indescribable groans and cries of weavers supporting each 4 more, making a total of probably not less the men and children. The police- than 7,200. In addition to this, 480 orphans have received food and 25 men were tearing the latter from more are in the hospital, so that entirely aside from the orphanage, their parents. One peasant, after over 7,700 people have lookt to this bureau for their subsistence. his little daughter was violently -In an article in the Fortnightly torn from his embrace, fell to the Review it is calculated that Syria and Palestine could support a popground unconscious. The officer ulation of from ten to fifteen mil- lions, numbers which the writer kickt him with his boot, exclaim- says "will not appear excessive to anybody acquainted with the fine ing: "Actingl the beast!" climate and extraordinary fertility of the country." The projected ASIA. railways from the Cape to Cairo, and through the Euphrates valley, Turkey.-The statement has ap- are mentioned, and it is p<>inted out peared in some American newspa- that they would meet in Palestine. pers that our government has re- Palestine is the great center, the ceived information from the high- meeting of the roads. Whoever est Turkish officials that, while disclaiming responsibility for the losses of mission property at the time of the massacres, yet the indemnity askt for would be paid. We understand that the State Department at Washington has received information of this sort from Constantinople.-Missionary Herald.

-Dr. Tracy, writing from Marsovan and Anatolia College, says: " The influx of students surpasses all precedent. We now have close upon 250 in the college and its preparatory department. If we permit them to come, the number will rise to near 300. We can not permit it, and are now shutting the gates against them. What shall we do? Weare prest upon by a crowd of students who pay fully, willingly, and promptly. holds Palestine commands the -In India all cailings are heredi- great lines of communication, not tary; a baker's son becomes Ii baker, only by land, but also by sea; not and his son after him, and so on only would the power in Syria con- from generation to generation. The trol the railways, but would be people of Allahabad especially are master of the Suez Canal, and domi- not ashamed of their professions. nate Egypt. Thirty-five describe themselves as "men who beg with tl"reats and India.-A number of Brahmans violence; " 226 as "flatterers for brought to the maharajah of Mysore gain; " 25 as "hereditary robbers;" a petition in which they protested 974 as " low blackguards; " 29 against the following customs and "howlers at funerals," while 6,372 practises which are destructive of publicly announce that they are caste and from which they begged " poets. " In the other districts the maharajah to guard his prov- one finds, besides the ordinary proince: (I) Criminals in jail are com- fessions, 11,000 tom-tom players, pelled to drink from the same water 45 makers of crowns for idols, and supply as that used by Mussulmans –most curious of all-" hereditary and Pariahs. (2) Brahmans are painters of horses with spots."- often compelled to take medicines The Church Standard. prepared by doctors of Pariah orlgm. (3) In educational work -Discussing the question of se1£- caste rules are not observed, and support in the Indian Witness, girls are allowed to be educated. Rev. C. B. Ward, of Shellandu, Female education will be the death- says: blow of the caste system. (4) In the systems of water supply no For more than twenty years I provision is made for separate have fully believed that India is fountains from which the Brah- better able to support Christianity mans alone could draw. that blesses, than heathenism in which there are no compensations. -Last August we drew attention From the most careful and oft-reto the contributions of native peated investigation, I am left no Christians, and showed that for the room to doubt that heathenism last financial year they averaged costs the poorest of its devotees about 6 shillings per communicant, two tithes of all that ever comes to or 2 shillings for each baptized him, in cash, or kind, and in the Christian. This average covers the majority of cases much more than whole mission field. The Rev. A. this. F. Painter has pointed out to us how very much larger this sum is He adds that in thirty years he than appears at first sight. "Many has never known a Christian to lose Christians in South India," he by tithing for Christ's sake, while writes, "earn only 4 or 5 rupees a he has known many who were wonmonth, that is, 5s. or 6s. 3d. in derfully prospered of God both in English money; and men with an body and soul by so doing. income of 20 rupees a month are considered to be in very comfort- –Bishop Foss, with President able circumstances, This makes Goucher, of Baltimore, returning 2s. a far larger subscription, pro- after a visit to India and Malaysia, portionately, than if subscribed by has made a report on Bishop Thoan Englishman earning say £4 to burn's administration, comparing £10 a month."-C. M. S. Gleaner. the record for ten years. During that time the number of communi- cants has risen from 7,940 to 77,963; the number of baptisms during the year from 1,959 to 29,396, while the entire Christian community now numbers 109,489 instead of 11,000. huge cigars. According to Bishop The number of native preachers Thoburn: "The best drest women has increast from 168 to 635; teach- in the street will be found with a ers from 308 to 1,078; day-schools cigar some three or four times the from 545, with 16,412 scholars, to size of an ordinary American weed.

1,259, with 31,879 scholars. Sun- The cigar is not composed wholly of day-schools have grown from 703, tobacco leaves. The tobacco is with an attendance of 26,585, to wrapt up in an ordinary leaf, which 2,485, with an attendance of 83,229. resembles tobacco in appearance, Burma.-Last New Year's day but is as harmless as so much paper. the 7 Baptist churches of Rangoon When in the mouth, however, it met for worship in a hall with 1,400 resembles an ordinary cigar so present. In opening the service, much in every respect, excepting the hymn, "Come, thou Almighty size, that the observer, if a stranger, King," was sung in English, Bur- would never suppose that it was mese, Sgaw Karen, and Tamil- composed of any other leaf."

that is, in all 4 languages at one' China.-Dr. Edkins, giving in the time. Then followed an invocation Chinese Recorder his reminiscences in Pwo Karen. After an anthem of the last fifty years, says: "The by the choir of the college church, great river of idolatry is dried up.

there were Scripture readings in The conflict now is between Chris- English, Burmese, Sgaw Karen, tianity and the world power. Our Telugu, and Chinese. Then fol- books are being widely examined, lowed a prayer in English. Next and the result will be an enormous came an anthem by the choir of accession to the Christian ranks in the Sgaw Karen church, with ad- a few years. Faster than India, dresses in English and Burmese. sooner than Japan, China will be- Next, in 4 languages, they sang come a Christian land, and it will " How Firm a Foundation I " be the greatest victory achieved by Next there were two more addresses, the Christian religion since the con- one in Tamil and one in Sgaw version of the Roman Emperor Karen. In 10 (think of it, in ten!) Constantine. "

languages the Doxology was sung -Chinese conservatism is breakto close the service.-F. S. Dobbins. ing up. People have been slow to be- -In 1857, l1indon-min, king of lieve it possible, but it is so. Ethno- Burma, erected a monument near graphically China is not a modern Mandalay, called the Kutho-dan. nation; but she is about to become There he built 700 temples, in each one. Her place has been among of which there is a slab of white the mastodons of the dead past. marble. Upon these 700 slabs is It is as if an ichthyosaurus, or a engraved the whole of the Buddhist mastodon, had suddenly been raised Bible, a vast literature in itself, up and had taken its place in the equal to about six copies of the procession of living fauna.-Rev. Holy Scripture. This marble Bible William Ashmore.

is engraved in the Pali language, -Rev. C. E. Ewing, of Peking, thought to have been spoken by reports that the British and For- Buddha himself, 500 B. C. Photo- eign Bible Society is having an graphs of some of the inscriptions altogether unprecedented sale of have reacht England, and Prof. its publications throughout the Max Muller has examined them. Chinese Empire. Until within four -For a wonder, Burmese women years the average annual sale of are addicted to the habit of smoking Bibles, and portions, in China was about 250,000 copies, the highest is largely due to his consistency number being 290,000; but during and enthusiasm. The charge is the first ten months of 1898 the often made that the people in our sales amounted to 795,000 copies, churches are mere rice hunters, but and it was expected that by the here is a man who for years has first of January they would amount acted as pastor and evangelist withover 1,000,000. Mr. Ewing also re- out receiving a cent in cash for his ports that the sales of publications services. And there are thousands of the North China Tract Society in China like him." have far exceeded those of any previous year, and that the demand -A missionary writes: "Filial has exceeded the supply. piety in China keeps a man sub- ject to the authority of his parents -In the course of his long mis- all his lifetime. He never becomes sionary career in China, Dr. Grif- of age in our meaning of the phrase; fith John has baptized more than never becomes his own man so long 4,000 converts. as his parents are living, tho the eldest son as male head of the -Any man is at liberty to prac- family has a certain amount of tise medicine in China, and many authority over a widowed mother. men who can not succeed there in But with the Chinese filial piety is, any other branch gf business, will in part, only one division of an allbuy a book of prescriptions and embracing system of subordination start as "doctors." In China there of inferior to superior; a man is are 90 medical missionaries with more or less subject to all the senior British degrees and qualifications, male relatives of his father's clan. and there are as many, or perhaps I have seen an elder brother fiercely more, from America; but what are chastise a younger brother, who 200 medical missionaries among meekly submitted, and no one 400,000,000 people? thought of interfering."

-A colporteur of the Bible So- Korea.-Two magazines and 9 paciety writes: "Last spring, when pers are now publisht in Korea-all visiting a little market town called in Seoul, the capital we believe. Ch'ien-wei, I made the acquaint- Of the 9 weekly papers, 2 have been ance of a well-to-do grain mer- recently establisht-the Christian chant, an energetic Christian, who News, edited by Drs. Underwood gave me a hearty invitation to and Vinton, of the Presbyterian come and preach at his door. There (Northern) Mission, and the Korean he placed a table and chair, and Christian Advocate, publisht by from that improvised pulpit we the Methodist Tract Society and preacht and sold books for over Sunday-school Union. four hours. His place of business, at first sight, lookt more like a -This kingdom appears to be in tract depository than a grain store. the midst of the throes which al- The outside pillars and the inside ways attend the breaking up of old walls were literally covered with ideas and customs. The Independ- Scripture texts, some of the scrolls ence Club is aggressive and determeasuring over five feet in length, mined to secure substantial reand the characters six inches. For forms. The Peddlers are as resolute many years this man suffered much to resist and prevent these, and the persecution, but he never wavered king has the reputation of having in his allegiance to Christ, and the not the least approach to honesty success of the work in Ch'ien-wei or any moral principle. Japan.-It really looks as tho at burned. The first day she did not last, after a serious lapse from its speak, but on the second day she early high estate, and after a severe put her dirty little arm around my and protracted struggle, the Doshi- neck, and said, 'My sister, the fire sha is to be redeemed. took from me my only garment, and this is not kind to my skin,' -Rev. D. C. Greene, of the Amer- meaning the old sack in which ican Board Mission, by his contri- she was wrapt. I was so thankful butions to the Japanese vernacular to be able to go to my room and press, has done much to point out bring her a soft garment. This radical defects in the proposed code poor child died after much sufferof judicial procedure, under which ing. The last time, as I changed foreigners in Japan will have to the lint on her burnt chest and live after consular jurisdiction back, she kept whispering, 'The ceases. He has been strenuously Lord is kind, the Lord is gentle.' contending for recognition of the Poor little one! how did she know? Anglo-Saxon principle, that a man It was just this: she felt the comunder arrest must be deemed inno- fort of cool lint and clean soft garcent until proved guilty, whereas ments, and she accepted them as the code as it now stands is based from the Lord Himself."-Medical on Latin models; gives the judge Mi88ions. undue power, and tempts him to act as if the accused were guilty, -Rev. C. H. Goodman, of the and his conviction a test of judicial Free Methodist mission among the ability and integrity. Mendi people, has arrived in Eng- land, and has told some of the ter- -The Japanese papers give the rible experiences he has past following statistics of Christian through in the native rising. There schools in that country: Protestant had been signs of trouble, but these boarding – schools for boys, 15, were not (till too late) regarded sewith 1,520 scholars; for girls, riously in a country the air of which schools 47, containing 2,527 schol- is constantly filled with all kinds of ars; Protestant day-schools, 105, stories. But when the raid actupupils 6,031; Protestant Sunday- ally came, the children and several schools, 837, with 30,624 pupils. of the workers were in refuge in The Greek Catholics and Roman the old town of Tikonko, while but Catholics have no Sunday-schools. very few were left on the mission The Greeks have 1 boys' and 1 farm. All the Monday morning girls' boarding-school, with 130 pu- many strange men had been loiterpils in the two. The Roman Cath- ing about in a threatening manner; olics have 2 boys' boarding-schools and that afternoon a boy carrying with 200 pupils, and 3 girls' board- into town a box belonging to the ing-schools, with 180 pupils. The Johnsons was set upon. Mr. and Greeks have 1 day-school with 69 Mrs. Johnson went to the rescue, scholars. The Roman Catholics but were both caught by the warhave 41 day schools, containing boys, beaten unmercifully, arid their 2,982 pupils, besides 20 orphanages, clothes literally torn from their containing over 2,000 children. backs, Mr. Johnson also receiving a frightful gash across the face. AFRICA. When Mr. Goodman and his help- ers went to aid, they too were set -Miss M. Copping, writing of upon; and he, with Mr. Campbell, the medical work in Fez, Morocco, the school teacher, had to flee into says: "A country child of about ten years was carried to us badly the bush, where the latter was aries and the natives ~as nad its caught and afterward murdered. reward; and the same thing is true, Creeping through the bush, Mr. we believe, of the Friends' Mission Goodman made for the town, but and the Norwegian Mission. But the door was shut in his face, and quite a different story is told of the he had again to betake himself to mission of the S. P. G., which seems the bush till night, when he entered to be going to pieces for want of a through a breach in the wall, bishop. A correspondent says in reacht the king's compound, and the Church Times: from him found shelter. Disguised as a sick woman, he was taken to " Our mission to Madagascar has one of the chief's houses outside the become the laughing-stock of the town, and there he was hidden by religious world, our enemies are night and in the dense bush by day. triumphant, our friends are falling But he was betrayed and marcht away, our missionaries are in deoff in the burning sun without his spair, and their cry comes home helmet for about three and a half mail after mail: 'If you think hours. The people at Bumpe re- that the mission to Madagascar ceived him with yells of delight, should be continued, let it be done and met in a big palaver to decide with all vigor and in due form; if his fate. not, let us withdraw, for the present condition of affairs can no longer -The African Training Institute, be endured.' "-London Christian. establisht at Colwyn Bay, aims to give an evangelical and industrial -The Norwegian missionary at training to the most promising of Sirabe, in Madagascar, reports that the Africa.Il converts, and to estab- just in the worst time of the recent lish branch institutions on similar persecution 79 new members were lines in Africa, thus sending forth admitted into the church by bapto their own land self-supporting tism, and during the course of the missionaries. The natives of sev- year 416 were baptized. Thatmany eral of the English colonies along fell away in the time of trial is not the West Coast show great interest surprIsmg. "Our native pastors in the work, and have formed have workt with a zeal which has auxiliary committees at various surpast anything that could have places, thus bringing the institute been expected at a time like this. in touch with 3,000 miles of the This i::; especially true of Pastor coast. The students hitherto repre- Rarifoana. His parish belongs to sent many of the districts along the the district where heathenism had line from the Gambia down to St. and still has its greatest stronghold. Paul de Loanda. They are taken Here also was one of the chief seats from all parts of Africa, where 600 of the insurrection, and after the languages are spoken.-The Chris- battles and defeat of Sirabe th~re tian was some wounded man in every house in this district. But now Madagascar.-The latest news things are brightening again. the L.l'LS. has received from Mada- About 100 grown-up men and gascar is of a favorable character. women have lately announced The persecution has abated, at least themselves as candidates for bapin its violent forms, and the com- tism."-Norsk Missionstidende. motion has subsided. Christians can now go about their daily busi- -In a letter from Madagascar. ness and do their Christian work. dated December 16th, M. Escandc The steadfastness of the mission- announces that, in an int()rview with General Gallieni, he obtained the surrender of the last church in the Betsileo, which was still in the hands of the Catholics. If the rain "" did not prevent him, he intended struct the free preaching of the to go in person to take possession Gospel and the extension of the of it. "Then all the churches in kingdom of God, then the Lord has the Betsileo will have been restored other nations, particularly the to us." There are still some to be English-speaking nations, which restored in Imerina, but the num- allow full freedom to carry God's ber has been much reduced.-Jour- Word to the natives, and which he nal des Missions Evangeliques. can entrust with the government of Dutch India." ISLANDS OF THE SEA. In Sir Stamford Ruffles's time, Malaysia.-It is rather a paradox near the beginning of the century, that the nations most advanced in when for a brief season England had Gospel privilege and political free- the possession of Java, there was the dom should be those whose secret fullest freedom and encouragement or present history reveals some of to preach the Gospel. Alas! that it the most frightful inconsistencies should not be so now. May God in their treatment of other races. rouse the Christians of Holland to The United States, Great Britain, press for the overthrow of all and Holland, are kernels to which government hindrances.-Medical one most naturally attaches the Missions. thought of a pure Gospel and its fruits in righteousness. Yet it was -Mr. Morris Coster writes that the United States which had to pass " according to the last reports from through the fiercest and bloodiest Dutch East India there are at prescivil war of modern times before its ent in that Dutch colony 345,000 traffic in the bodies of living colored native Protestant Christians, and men could take end. It is Great also 30,000 native Roman Catholic Britain which continues to make Christians, a total of 375,000. About herself the scandal of Christendom sixty years ago there were in that by an opium traffic which has done colony only about 75,000 native more to demoralize China than Christians, so that in later years any other cause which can be the number of native Christians named. And it is free Protestant has increast fully 300,000." Holland which has the inglorious distinction of a government which -Missionary Simon, of the Rhendeliberately hinders the Gospel ish Society in Sumatra, writes that from reaching vast multitudes of its the falling off of Mohammedan Mohammedan subjects, and which converts (which followed the news cramps and fetters the movements of the Turkish massacres in Armeof the messengers of Christ more nia, and the defeat of Greece) still than any other government. continues. "The battle is still se- Happily, there are not a few in vere, and will be for some time. Holland who feel bitterly the But we have a set of Christians anomaly and danger of the govern- here who really accomplish somemental position, and who are not thing for their religion, and it folafraid to speak out. Here is a lows that these hard times cause word frOIn a recent number of the much good frl!it to ripen. I often Heidenbode, the missionary organ notice with wonder how the Lord of the Reformed Church of the gives those who are so persecuted Netherlands: from without so many other trials to bear. One of our elders, Johan- "Let us understand that, should nes, in the last year and a half, has we still longer deny the Gospel to lost his father, mother, father-inthe millions in our East, and should law, son, and some more distant our government continue to ob- relations. Then came the famine, which tried him sorely; and his relations said to him daily: 'See! if NECROLOGY. you had remained a Mohammedan, all this would not have happened A cablegram from London, Tbursday, to you;' and this and similar con- March 23d, announced the sudden death of stant mockery he bears faithfully Rev. JAMES ARCHER SPURGEON, D.D., LL.D., and loyally. There is another of West Croydon. He was found lifeless in Christian whose little daughter I a railway carriage of the London & Brighton have buried to-day; she was the Express on the preceding day. Few details eighth child he had lost. The scoffs have yet reacht us, but we infer apoplexy to of the Mohammedans are intoler- have been the cause. Dr. Spurgeon was able, but he remains faithful to the born in 1837, and was nearly sixty·two. He Lord."-Berichte der Rheinischen was for a qnarter of a century the copastor Missionsgesellschajt. of his brother, Charles H. Spurgeon, in the great Tabernacle of London. But it is not Tahiti.-" It is my opinion," says generally known that he was also the sole M. Huguenin, French missionary in pastor of a large and i~fluential church at Tahiti, "that if a premature civili- West Croydon, where he lived, and where, zation has accelerated the depopula- for twenty-five years and more, he had been tion of these islands, a more intel- in charge of one of the best Baptist congreligent civilization will tend to gations in England, composed of very intelliincrease the population, only by gent, educated, and prominent people, by means of the Gospel. 1'here are whom he was much loved. He was a man of certain proofs of the good influence unusual ability and of manifold activities. He of Christianity in this respect in was the president of the orphanage founded our Windward Isles, where the by his brother, and until of late was also population is rapidly increasing, president of the Pastors' College. He was a especially at Maupiti and Borabora, man who combined capacity and sagacity, where there has been no war for a and -his counsel and cooperation were much long time; where alcohol hardly valued by his brother. He had been a prom.. ever comes, and where the fatal inent actor in many forms of philanthropy, influence of the traders in this pest was a sound biblical preacher, and a man of has not yet been felt. The race public worth. He leaves a wife, with one deserves to be preserved; it is a son and one daughter. His aged father, Rev. fine race, and might become healthy John Spurgeon, survives him, and lives also and vigorous with right hygiene at Croydon. Dr. Spurgeon's death will leave and right morals. It is intelligent a large lack in many directions to be filled.- and desires to learn; it will edu- A.T.P. cate itself, and will work when manly Christian principles have REV. MICHAEL E. STRIEBY, D.D., for more shaken off its idleness and indo- than thirty years secretary of the Amerilence. It is very gentle; we nevel' can Missionary Association, died at Clifton hear of murders and suicides here, Springs, N. Y., on Friday, March 17th, in the and there are only a few men who eighty-fourth year of his age. His career fight in drunkenness. If the fam- was distinguisht by wise and self-sacrificing ily bond is too much relaxt, still service from its beginning to its close. He the Tahitian loves his children be- was educated at Oberlin College. In 1864 he fore everything, and is happy and left the pastorate of the Plymouth Congregaproud when he sees them acquiring tional Church in Syracuse to become secre- European knowledge. The Tahi- taryof the newly-formed American Missiontian IS a great child till his death; ary Association. Probably no man in the the future alone, a Christian future, country was better informed concerning tbe will make a man of him, and this work for the elevation of the colored people task is to be ours and our succes- than Dr. Strieby. As a reformer, a pastor, a sors."-Journal des Missions Evan- preacher, an administrator of the affairs of a geliques. great benevolent society, Dr. Strieby was wise, courageous, able, and gentle. His name will long be remembered and held in honor.

NOTICE.

The sixteenth annual meeting of the Inter- national Missionary Union will be held at Clifton Springs, N. Y., June 14-21,1899. All foreign missionaries of any evangelical de- nomination are eligible to membership, and as such are entitled to free entertainment., Additional information can be obtained by addressing Mrs. C. C. Thayer,Clifton Springs, N.Y.