The Missionary Review of the World — September 1938

SEPTEM8~

The Crisis-Looking Toward Madras Paul W. Harrison With Tibetans at the Crossroads E. B. Steiner Some Problems of a Midwest City L. Merle Rymph '

Why I Believe in Jesus Christ Chiang Kai..shek The Story of Meshed, The Sacred City Dwight M. Donaldson , The Modern Challenge to Christianity William Paton The Sunday Schools Over the World .

Robert M. Hopkins Practical Value of Missions to Pastors Archibald G. Adams 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Yea,.

I Church Management

For 1938 and 1939 IF YOU are considering the A Preaching and Worship Manual for the Year publication of a book, pamphlet, or tract, why not PRICE POSTPAID. $1.00 let us make it for you? Our facilities are most modem, (A full credit coupon in each book gives you a $1.00 and our location is at the credit on a Bubscription to "Church Management") "heart of distribution." Estimates on your particular re- ADDRESS quirements, with expert counsel, will be gladly fur- CHURCH MANAGEMENT nished on request. Auditorium Building Cleveland. Ohio e~ 8~ October 5 to 12-United Lutheran Obituary Notes p~ Church in America, Biennial Con- vention, Baltimore, Md. Dr. ~vi~on D. Lord, for over fifty years pastor of the First Baptist EFFECTIVE PRINTING AT October 6 to ll-International GOOd- church of Williamsburg, Brooklyn, N. ECONOMICAL PRICES Y., the president of the American will Congress. Palaee Hotel, San Baptist Home Mission Society and re- The Evangelical Pre•• Francisco, Calif. cording secretary of the Federal October 9 to II-Home Missions Council of Churches of Christ in Jr_-.,. 2'1oe"""s"-i"e"u0I/0 / . For14 Conference. Bu1falo, N. Y. America, died in Brooklyn, on July October 14 to 20-American Luther- Third and Reily St…. an Church, Biennial Convention, 18th at the age of seventy-nine. Dr. H.rri.J,urg, Pennaylv.nia Sandusky, .ohio. Lord was born in Hillsdale, Michigan, October 20-Baltimore, Md., Insti- and was graduated from Union The- tute for Church Women. Mrs: ological Seminary fifty-five years ago. Bruce H. McDonald, 616 West Fay- He was instrumental in effecting the ette Street, Baltimore, Md. union of the Free Bapti8t Church, of October 23 to 2~Home Missions which he was a member. with the D.e. to Remember Conference. Cleveland, .ohio. • • Northern Bapti8t Convention in 1911. October 30 to Nov. I-Home Mi8- September 11 to 13-Italian Baptist 8ions Conference. Kansas City, Mo. • Convention o;f America. Cleveland. Dr. Lemuel Call Barnel, formerly THE PRESBYTERIAn secretary of the Department of Eng~ September 26-Home Missions Con- lish-speaking Mis8ions and Indian ference. St. Louis, Mo. • The only weekly in the Work of the American Baptist Home Presbyterian Church. Mission Society, died in Yonkers, N. September 11 to 16-International Y., on July 18th at eighty-three years Convention of the Disciples of • Its message is based upon of age. Dr. Barnes was born in Kirk- Christ. Denver, Colo. the Revealed Word. of God. land, .ohio, was graduated from Kal- amazoo College, Michigan, in 1876 September 19 to 30 (tentative)- • Goes into every state in and from Newton TheoloJieal Sem- School of Missions. Mrs. Mitchell, the Union, U. S. possessiOns inary in 1878. After servIng pastor- Langdon, Tex. and many foreign countries. ates in St. Paul, Pittsburgh, Newton Center and Worcester, he became the September 21 to 28-General Council, Subscription rate – $2.50 eftlclent field 8ecretary of the Amer- United Church of Canada, Toronto, Ministerial rate – – $2.00 ican Baptist Home Mi..ion Society Canada. from 1907 to 1917. He was the author SOc. extra–Canadian postage of 8everal volume8, including "Two September 26 to 30-Southern Cali- $1.50 extra– Foreign postage Thousand Years of Mission8 Before fornia (Los Angeles) School of Carey" and "Baptist Work Among Mission Study. Mrs. H. M. Horn, THE PRESBYTERKIn American Indiana." His widow, Mary 1811 Huntington Drive, South Pas- Clark Barnes, survives her husband adena, Cal. 121 7 Market Street after nearly sixty years of married Philadelphia. P •• life. September 27 to. 21i'-A Second In- ••• terdenominational Women's Insti- Dr. Paul Rader, the well-known tute is to be held in the McCormick "cowboy evangelist," fonuerly pastor Memorial Y. W. C. A., Chicago. of the Moody Memorial church in Chi- Dr. T. H. P. Sailer, Dr. Arthur E. cago, (1914-1921), died in Hollywood, Holt, Prof. Samuel Kincheloe, Mrs. California, on July 19th, at the age E. E. McClintock and Miss Esther of 68 years. He was born in Denver, McRuer will be the leaders. Dr. H. Colorado, and in early youth was a cowboy. His father, Rev. Daniel L. —–Paul Douglass will conduct a semi- Rader, was a Methodi8t minister and nar on church unity and Dr. E. K. Paul became interested in evangelism Higdon, formerly of the Philip- at the age of thirty-one. He began pines, will conduct a seminar on preaching on street corners in Pitts- the Madras Conference. Dr. Sam burgh and afterwards he fllied pas- Higginbottom will speak at an eve- (CO'1/eltuled on pa,ge 887.) ning mass meeting.

October 4 to ~Warren, .ohio, School of Mi8sions. Mrs. George Konold, 814 Scott Street, N. E., Warren, .ohio.

and because O'f the fine print-

THE MISSIONARY ing, paper and pictures used to' illus- REVIEW OF THE WORLD trate its articles."

DBLAVAN L. PIBBSON, BcUtor (2) "THE REVIEW gives a gO'O'd ac- cO'unt O'f different fields O'f missiO'nary VOL. LXI SEPT., 1938 No.9 wO'rk. I vO'te this as the best when Publication and Business omce– Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. cO'mpared with all O'ther missiO'nary Editorial and Executive omce– magazines. I like the way in which 156 Fifth Avenue, New York CltT. it handles each subject." . ~ Entered as second-class matter at (3) "THE REVIEW is a magazine;bf Post Omce, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. the three-star variety. All the main 25 cents a copy-$2.50' a year. articles are O'f timely interest. This Foreign Postage, 50' cents a Tear. Published monthlT, except August. interdenO'minatiO'nal REVIEW gives an All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1937. British agents – Marshall, Morgan unbiased view O'f the great issues at· and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, stake." . London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, 10' shillings a year. (4) "I place THE REVIEW first MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- amO'ng missiO'nary magazines. The LISHING CO., INC. department of Wa.ys of Working is BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROIIERT E. SPBER, Prellidcmt an effective feature fO'r the far- A. L. W ABNSHl1IS, ViC7e-Praridmt WALTER McDoUGALL, Treasurer sighted pastO'r. The World-Wide Out- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretof'll look is alsO' far abO've all O'thers in giving wO'rld news. The magazine is PAUL J. BRAlSTED SAMUEL McCREA CAVlIlRT evangelical withO'ut being narrow." D. J. FANT MRS. ORRIN R. JunD Personal Items Malwa-the Great Temple WM. B. LIPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH Miss Anna Belle Stewart, for many When Ihe good wOl'k SAMUBL M. ZWBMBll years a very effective missiO'n wO'rker calls you Basi … sail Editorial Chat among the mO'untaineers O'f the SO'uth, is retiring frO'm active service under p&O Since nO' August number O'f THE REVIEW was published both July and the Presbyterian BO'ard O'f NatiO'nal 1938 begins a second century of P & 0 September issues are enlarged in size. service to the lands beyond Suez! When- If the subscribers will nO'te this it will MissiO'ns, having reached the age ever you are called to the other side of save extra cO'rresPO'ndence. the world, choose this traditional route. limit. Miss Stewart did a remarkable Cross to England by Cunard White Star Our October number O'f THE RE- ••. and then embark in a great liner of VIEW will be devO'ted to' India, the fO'r- wO'rk at ColcO'rd, West Virginia, and the P & 0 and British India fleets, led eign missiO'n study subject fO'r the by the new 23,SOO·ton Stratheden and cO'ming year, and a large number O'f fO'r the last few years has been pi- Strathallan, featuring air- conditioned very valuable and interesting subjects O'neering in the Smyrna CO'mmunity dining saloons in first class, hot and cold are in view. The main tO'pics and au- running water throughout, built·in outthO'rs are nO'ted O'n the third cO'ver O'f Center, Byrdstown, Tennessee. Her of·door swimming pools, children's playthis issue. These include articles by rooms! Regular service to Egypt, Sudan, outstanding authO'rities, bO'th Indian wO'rk is to' be taken up by Grace Jus- Persian Gulf, India, Burma, Ceylon, and fO'reign. Straits Settlements, China, Japan, Aus- tice, whO' has been associated with tralia, East and South Africa, Mauritius. *** Special reductions and generous bag- Miss Stewart as a vO'lunteer, and has gage allowance for missionaries. N O'W is the time to' O'rder quantities O'f this issue O'f THE REVIEW in O'rder shO'wn the ability, understanding and Convenient through bookings can be arto' take advantage O'f the special price ranged by your travel agent or any office of and to' avO'id the danger O'f waiting Christlike spirit that fit her fO'r this until the editiO'n is exhausted. CUNARD WHITE STAR LINE resPO'nsibility. *** General Agents Dr. E. Stan*ley*Jon*es O'f India, will Pastors and professors of missionll 25 Broadway and 638 Fifth Avenue, N. Y. in theO'IO'gical seminaries will be espe- address a meeting O'pen to' all mincially interested in the article in the present number O'n "The Practical isters in Marble CO'llegiate church, Value O'f MissiO'ns," by ProfessO'r Archibald G. Adams O'f Temple Uni- New YO'rk, at 10: 30 a. m., MO'nday, versity. In a persO'nal letter to' the EditO'r, PrO'fessO'r Adams quotes the September 26. He will participate in O'piniO'ns O'f many O'f his students as to' the interest and value of THE RE- the University Christian MissiO'n VIEW in keeping them in touch with wO'rld events and in helping them to' which will be cO'nducted this autumn educate their people and to' prepare at 14 American cO'lleges and univermissiO'nary sermO'ns and addresses. AmO'ng these O'piniO'ns O'f theO'IO'gical sities. •*• students are the fO'llO'wing (stated in substance fO'r brevity) : Dr. Douglas Horton, minister O'f Hyde Park CO'ngregatiO'nal church, (1) "THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF ChicagO', has been elected secretary O'f THE WORLD is rated high because O'f the General CO'uncil O'f the CO'ngregaits cO'ntent which is O'f wO'rld-wide tiO'nal and Christian Churches to' suc- ceed Dr. Charles EmersO'n BurtO'n, retired. Dr. HO'rtO'n was educated at PrincetO'n, Edinburgh and OxfO'rd Universities; has served as chaplain in the U. S. Navy, trustee O'f the American University in CairO' and at- tended many internatiO'nal cO'nfer- ences.

*** Capt. Ellis Skolfield, O'f the GO'spel Ship in the Philippine Islands, whO'

has been in America because of the ill health O'f his sO'n, has nO'w returned to' the SO'uth Seas to' cO'mplete plans fO'r taking the ship to' New Guinea and adjacent islands O'f the Dutch East Indies, as a preliminary to' O'pen- ing a permanent wO'rk there. It is expected that this survey trip will re- (Concluded on page 386.) [385 ]

I Itemi retary to the Board of Foreign Mis- What Shall We Study?

(Concluded from page 385.) sions of the Presbyterian Church, The American City and Its Church U. S. A. He assumed his new office (Kincheloe) presents the missionary quire about three months, after which on July 15, and is in charge of the task as emergent, with our rapidly in- Capt. Skolfield will return to America work in China. creasing urban population, treating to make his report and lay plans for ~!,mn5 the subject vigorously and construc- the future. *** tively. (Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60 cents.) City Man (Sears) is a special edi- Dr. Charles E. Maddry, Executive tion of a recent book that provides Secretary of the Southern Baptist of tbe Foreign Mission Board, who attended valuable supplemental material for the study topic. ($1.50 and 75 cents.) the Baptist Union of Italy in Rome, ctCbrl£ittan Urban Scene (Bro) presents the sailed from England for West Africa city today and its church in striking to visit Southern Baptist work in Ni~1 photographs, maps, pictorial statistics, geria. He expects to be back in Rich- 1Lt ~'f~ brief, gripping statements, etc. Inmond, Virginia, in September. dispensable for groups of all ages.

*** (25 cents.) ell BOOK of worship in song, com….. The foregoi,ng are for adu~t Mr. William Albert Harbison has resigned as treasurer of the American bining a hymnal for general groups. SpeCIal young people s >: Mission to Lepers and is succeeded by books are: Mr. W. Espey Albig, deputy manager A Course for Young People on the of the American Bankers' Association. Church in the City (Geer), which fur- church use and a song book for evan- ~elist. iC ~u'rposes: Onl d song~ • soun *** an the faith and Inspirational an char- nishes a guide to study, discussion, Dr. H. H. Underwood, President of acter included—emphasizing Evangel- worsh!p and. service, is based on The Chosen Christian College, Korea, has ism, Missions, and the Deeper Life. A merwan Ctty and Its Church and been elected President of Severance M any of the new—the best of the old. UrCblt;ttny SScheandeo. ws(25(Sceeanrtlse.)) – a coHec- Medical College, Seoul. At one time, tion of true stories challenging to Dr. O. R. Avison was President of 504 Songs Responsive Readings keenest interest. ($1.00 and 60 cents.) both institutions and under Dr. Underwood's administration these two Topicallndex Gold Embossed Street Corner (Hunting), a reading schools will continue to cooperate. and source book by which juniors ex- Published in round notes and Roxite cloth plore a city ($1.00 and 50 cents.) *** edition only at $65.00 per 100—an especiall~ low price. Single copy, 8Sc postpaid. My Community, My Church and Me Write today for returnable sample copy The Rev. Dr. Lloyd S. Ruland, for (Hallenbeck) is a helpful guide for eleven years pastor of West Presby- CHRISTIAN PUBLICATIONS, Inc. city groups in studying their own com- terian Church in Binghamton, New 1502 NORTH THIRD STREET munities and developing a program of York, has accepted a call to be sec- HARRISBUltG, PA. local service. (35 cents.) HAVE YOU READ?

THE LIFE OF GEORGE BOWEN OF BOMBAY By ROBERT E. SPEER The biography of a remarkable missionary whom the (then) Prince of Wales visited in Bombay at the request of his mother, Queen Victoria.

What some readers say of this book: Robert Speer's "Life of George Bowen of Bombay" is one was so far-sighted and so deep-seeing !-the former because of the richest of missionary biographies. the latter. If one wants to sum up the interests of our DR. J. LOVELL MURRAY, Director of the Canadian School of Missions, Toronto. students today-:-Biblical, social, theological-Bowen is a What a life! He was old enough to know why he went, representative figure. And what a lesson in apparent failure! . . . I ·feel strongly that every student and alumnus of our and bad enough to know the meaning of salvation. One by- Seminary needs this book. What better book to lead them to product of his experience was his wonderful humility-noth- feed on the Bible. One hears so much "vestibule religion"- men pointing to the door and taking their people as far as the ing in the show window and himself in the remote back- threshold, but no opening up of the treasures within the ground. It is inspiring. Father's House. Read the topics of current sermons, and . DR. GEORGE P. PIERSON, formerly of Japan. Bowen's expositions are precisely what Christians need in order We must all be grateful for this revealing of the main- to grow from puerility into spiritual maturity. Here is no springs of Bowen's character, his abiding faith in God, his adolescent, but a man in Christ. This is no volume to be earnest purpose to be a true and faithful follower of Jesus read and dismissed, but to be marked and to be turned to Christ; and his deep-seated conviction that the Gospel of Christ could meet the religious needs of India's people. repeatedly. HENRY SLOANE COFFIN, WILLIAM HAZEN, President of Union Seminary. Missionary in Sho/apur, India. The Memoirs of George Bowen will continue to be for A biography of one of the saintliest figures of the nineteenth century. I could not put the book down. There is a years to come a searching manual of devotion. He has set fascination and a depth in this man's soul which held me in before me an ideal which few could attain; his life is a scathdevout attention. I found myself marking his moving sayings which would serve as starting points for chapel talks. He ing rebuke to our ease, comfort, self-indulgence and inef- ficiency. J. Ross STEVENSON, President Emeritus, Princeton Seminary.

Send $2.50 to-day for your copy of this latest book by Dr. Speer THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO.

156 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y.

[386 ]

Notes bined the supervIsIon of a Boy's The great white Empresses

School with evangelistic trips. Mrs. every speed record to and from (Concluded from .2d cover page.) Derr gave her time to personal evan- the Orient. 10 days direct to gelism, teaching girls' industrial Yokohama by Empress of Asia torates in Boston and Chicago. From classes and training Bible women. or Empress of Russia. Or only 1921 to 1923 he was President of the three days more via Hawaii by Christian and Missionary Alliance *** Empress of Japan, largest and and later was President of W orld- fastest on the Pacific, or Empress Wide Gospel Couriers, a Chicago mis- Miss Lucy H. Dawson, formerly of Canada. Connect at Honolulu sionary society. Mrs. Rader and three from California ports. daughters survive him. General' 'Secretary of the Presbyterian Woman's Board of Home Missions, From Vancouver and Victoria *** died in Baltimore, May. 22, after an to Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, illness of· several years. Her mission- Shanghai, Hong Kong, Manila. Fred S. Goodman, for many years ary service included volunteer work Details from YOUR TRAVEL a member of the International Com- in city missions in Baltimore, re- AGENT or Canadian Pacific.: mittee of the Y. M. C. A. and for ligious work director of the Y. W. 41 offices in U. S. and Canada. some years an invalid, died at his C. A., in the Presbyterian Training home in Monclair, New Jersey, on School for Christian workers, the July 12th at eighty years of age. Mr. Daily Vacation Bible Schools and Goodman was born in Rockport, Illi- various women's missionary organizanois, in 1858 and was graduated from tions. After the consolidation of all Kalamazoo College, Michigan. He en- home mission agencies into the Board tered into Y. M. C. A. work in 1881 of National Missions, Miss Dawson and became associated with the In- became Promotion Secretary for ternational Committee twenty years women's work. later. During the World War he served on the World War Council and THE CITY had charge of the Religious Work Institutes for training those engaged The city-what is a city? in Y. M. C. A. war work. He was A city-that is where both Dives and retired in 1922 and then for ten years was American Secretary of the Wal- Lazarus live. densian Aid Society. He is survived A city-that is where men die of loneby one son, a daughter and eight grandchildren. liness in a crowd. A city -that is the land of plenty *** where men die of starvation. Dr. Charles C. Selden, formerly of A city-that is where a thousand peo- Canton, China, died suddenly in Oberlin, Ohio, June 15. He was an affili- ple live on an acre of ground that ated missionary of the Presbyterian they never see. Board, and devoted his personal for- A city is where thousands live in a tune and his life to work for the in- single block and never know they sane and the blind of China. He never have a neighbor. accepted any salary and lived simply A city is a place where may be seen in order to make conditions easier for both the glitter of vice and the the unfortunates. He retired in 1932. glow of virtue. but continued to live in China until A city is a place where vice centers in last March. sunless spots, and where virtue shines in secluded places. *** A city is all desert for some, all oasis for others. Mr. Walter W. Gethman, General A city is a place which some greet Secretary of the World Committee of with a cheer; others endure with the Y. M. C. A. from 1926 to 1936, tears. died in Geneva, Switzerland, July 8. But a city may not be characterized Mr. Gethman followed his war service in epigram. with the "Y" by founding a Y. M. C. A. in Czechoslovakia. He remained -CHARLES H. SEARS, in the there until taking up his post in Biblical World, October, Geneva. 1916.

*** Wherever the State claims to give Rev. J. H. Cope, American Baptist a theology to its people, or to set a principle of education, or tries to ormissionary to the northern Chin peo- ganize a conscience or impose a myth ple in Burma for thirty years, was upon the people, there you. will find stricken while on tour and died at the ultimate menace to the Christian Haka in the Chin Hills on June 13. Church.-Adolf Keller, G en e v a, Hundreds of converts and many Switzerland. churches organized among the Chins are testimony to the quality of his The fellowship of all the members service. In addition to preaching and of Christ's spiritual Church with one teaching, he translated the New another, overleaps all denominational Testament, Scripture portions and lines and all national boundaries.- Pilgrim's Progress; and also pre- President J. R. Sampey, Louisville, pared hymn books and school texts up Ky. to fourth grade in four dialects of Chin. The problem of more union among the churches of Christendom is not *** one of legislating ourselves together but rather that of the slow process of Mrs. Charles H. Derr, Presbyterian growing together.-T. S. Eliot, Lonmissionary to Chenchow, China, died don. in a sanatorium at La Vina, California on May 12. With her husband [387 ] she went to China in 1904, and located at Chenchow .where Mr. Derr com-

SANG TEACHING IN CHINA TELLING THE GOSPEL STORY IN

A WOMEN'S BIBLE CLASS IN KOREA WITH OVER 1 ,000 MEMBERS A SUNDAY SCHOOL IN NAZARETH, pALESTINE JAPANESE CHILDREN LEARNING OF CHRIST SUNDAY SCHOOL WORK AROUND THE WORLD (Bee arti ole by Robert M. Hopkins, page 402) electronic file created by cafis. org REVIB ORLD VOLUME LXI AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 9 SEPTEMBER, 1'938 Topics of the Times SOME THOUGHTS ON EVANGELISM There must follow guidance as well as training in the practice of devotion (Bible study and The University Preaching Mission has defined prayer) building up a Christian character, and its objective to be "to lead students to faith in finally help to enable the convert to give articulate God through Jesus Christ." If in this definition expression of his new found faith in service to his one were to substitute "men" for "students," one fellow men. Only then is the task of evangelism, might so define evangelism. However, when so so far as the convert is concerned, completed. doing, one should stress the fact that the term Faith without works is dead and of no avail. The "men" as used, refers to all men, male and fe- real test of faith is seen in the effect on a believer male, old and young, Jew and Gentile, black and and in what it impels and enables him to do.

white, agnostic and atheist, Buddhist and Mos- No doubt most people will agree on a basic lem without any exception whatsoever. This em- definition of evangelism and will probably admit phasis is essential in these days, when many its validity. Real difference of opinion arises foster a fellowship of religions, in which all re- when the question of methods of evangelism is ligions are more or less placed on a par, and who considered. Billy Sunday's high-pressure meththerefore protest against efforts to evangelize ods are not approved by some. The use of Bibmen as unwarranted "proselytism." The initial lical prophecy and scriptural appeal would be task of evangelism is to lead men to faith in God opposed by others; still others would claim sterthrough Jesus Christ. This task is not complete ility for any evangelistic effort that failed to until it has also helped such men to make a full stress personal sin, Christ crucified and redempsurrender to God and to articulate their faith, tion through His sacrifice. first to Him and then to. their fellow men in particular and to society in general. The intense emotionalism of many of the pre- war evangelistic campaigns and revivals are To lead men into faith in God through Jesus largely taboo' today. Such emotionalism is sup- Christ involves what is called conversion. Con- posed not to be in accord with present-day psycerning conversion Rabbi Solomon B. Freehof chology, practice and sophistication, though it is in his book "Stormers of Heaven" says: still used in certain Christian circles and appar- ently with success. No doubt the old revivals did There seems to be a uniqueness in the nature of Chris- often overstress the emotional appeal to the negtian conversion. Judaism is patient discipline, and Chris- lect of the appeal to reason. But today the tianity is sudden deliverance; Judaism is concerned with pendulum seems to have swung to the other exsocial development, Christianity is personal revolution. treme with intellectualism overemphasized al- 'fhere is explosive power in the Christian faith which can most to the complete exclusion of the appeal to the capture the souls of men in the calmest moment of their heart and conscience. True evangelism embodies self-contentment, tear down their spiritual organization, both. However much we may think and seek to and build it upon a new plan. understand God and our relation to Him, such an experience becomes ,articulate in life only when Would that more Christians had such convincing one feels it sufficiently to act. Mere argument faith in the explosive power of their Christian and apologetic, however convincing, rarely confaith! This tearing down of a man's "spiritual verts; invariably it is the Christian witness of a organization and building it upon a new plan," life that brings the'result. to use Freehof's words, is conversion or regeneration; this, is the first step in evangelism.

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Followers of Christ cannot evangelize others As we face the increasing human need in the until they themselves are more completely Chris- wake of wars, racial discrimination, social in- tian. Thus evangelism involves a further re- justice, moral relapse, and economic maladjust- sponsibility; it must include efforts to bring more ment, we are assailed by a sense of futility and Christlike reality into the lives of those already helplessness. What is the use of human efforts, known as Christians. This is of great impor-:- however sincere and energetic the individual may tance. We hear many criticisms of Christianity, be? Here one is forced to rely on God and away but few of Jesus, Christ. Many Jews, even the from dependence on man. As Fritz Beck writes: atheist type, assert that if Christians were more "A man without God, but with a knowledge Christlike, there probably would be no anti-Semi- of present world conditions, must surely despair."

tism, and more Jews would become Christians. At such times as these one realizes our utter de- Very true; but does not such assertion imply a pendence on GqQ and the need of Christ-centered remarkable faith in the power of the person of lives, projected out in service on the battle fronts Jesus Christ to mold lives and to influence human of human needs. Apart from God there is no relationships for good? hope or help for mankind.

One more word! God needs no proving. God One last word. Psychology stresses integra- is whether we are able or not to prove Him. Let tion of personality. That is essential. But inte- us not therefore be overanxious to prove His ex- gration of one's personality within one's environ- I istence by logic and apologetic. Let us not fall ment would seem to be of even greater impor- into the error of believing that God is simply a tance. In our world today, constituted as it is, one satisfying means of explaining an otherwise in- of the most difficult things is to be one's self, that explicable universe. God exists irrespective of is, to be an individual or to maintain one's dis- man's views or understanding of Him. And be- tinctive individuality. Independence of thought cause God is, I am. is not easy in the face of the intellectual "goose- IRRELIGION AND PAGANISM stepping" that is being enforced. We tend to conform to type and convention, like sheep which Today one encounters a lot of apparent irre- follow the bellwether. This is often especially ligion, if not out-and-out paganism. Experience true of the Christian. Some one has said "you reveals this to be very largely a veneer. Scratch it, cannot be Christian in this unchristian world and and you uncover great personal need and spirit- hope to survive." In other words, "Except a ual hunger. Men are hungry for spiritual and grain of wheat fall into the ground and die, it soul-satisfying food. Many suffer from a spirit- can bear no fruit." How many are prepared to ual vacuum which craves to be filled. To others, go all the way with Christ? How many of us life means little or nothing beyond "eat, drink would do as the apostle Paul, or Kagawa, or and be merry, for tomorrow we die." They talk Schweitzer or Niemoller have done?

of the failure of the Church but hope against President Robert J. Hutchins of Chicago Uni- hope that the Church may somehow satisfy their versity, when speaking to a recent graduating personal and spiritual needs. Modern and so- class, declared: phisticated man still longs for guidance, for as- My experience and observation lead me to warn you surance, for a power that will give him victory that by far the greatest, the most insidious, the most where now he suffers defeat. He knows that paralyzing danger you will face is the danger of corrup- tion. Time will corrupt you; your friends, your wives or "the world within us means more than all the husbands, your business or professional ambitions will worlds without." " corrupt you. The worst thing about life is that it is demoralizing. One may well wonder whether all the interest, feigned and real, in world affairs, such as prob- Life was never more demoralizing than now.

lems of war and peace, of racial discrimination Never was there more need for Jesus Christ than and of economic maladj ustment, is not largely a now-not vague or general religion~but a per- smoke screen to hide this ache and yearning in sonal Christ and Saviour. To give men such a men's hearts. Christian Evangelists must deal Christ is the task of evangelism noW as ever in with these world issues, but our interest in them the past. CONRAD HOFFMANN, JR.

must not be a beating around the bush and an evasion of other essential factors. We need to THE YOUTH FOR CHRIST preach Christ and the forgiveness of sin. After conversion, then is the time to give needed ex- We thank God for youth. They are to the pression to the faith that has been born, and Church and the State, what fresh young shoots then it is necessary to project that conversion into are to the future harvest. Everywhere we hear service for others. But there is no first and of "Youth Movements."

second here in order of importance. We must do It is estimated that there are nearly twice as the one and not neglect the other. many people in the world under thirty-three as

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

over that age. It is a well-known fact that there the youth of the world wants is to be given a high is ten times as great a likelihood of a young man standard to imitate. or young woman yielding to the claims of Christ under twenty years of age as there is when they Primitive people look to those of more advanced are older. Youth is the time for taking new countries. India has copied England, Japan is steps, the time of adventure, the time of growth, imitating Germany; China is seeking a model in the time when foundations are laid and when the United States. Good patterns must be set in habits are formed. art, in literature, in education, in politics, in so- cial life and in religion if the world is to make And yet is not youth today largely wasting its progress and is not to slip back into barbarity. energies and opportunities? The spirit of ad- Inventions, discoveries and modern machinery venture is too often spent in seeking thrills in will not produce purity, peace, brotherhood and illegitimate and dangerous paths. Natural curi- love. All peoples are truly hungry for clear osity and the desire to investigate lead too fre- knowledge and for a better way of life. To inquently to spiritual skepticism and blindly look- spire them to higher things the youth need: (1) A ing for truth about God without finding Him. good example of unselfish service; (2) a good How often the strength of youth is wasted in fool- example of unpatronizing friendliness; (3) an ish self-indulgence. opportunity to learn and to improve their condi- tion; (4) the knowledge of God as revealed in And yet, humanly speaking, youth is the hope Jesus Christ. of the world. The young people of today must be the parents, the teachers and preachers, the All creeds and all "isms" are contending for the scientists and artists, the authors and leaders of enthusiastic and devoted support of youthtomorrow. If the youth of today are not won to though that support may not be intelligent and Christ what will become of the church, the school, unselfish. There is no ideal, no inspirational exthe home, missionary work, and still more im- ample and no assurance of power to attain ideals, portant what will become of the youth as they that is equal to those found in Jesus Christ. In pass through this life into the eternity beyond? Him and in His program are combined all the ele- ments that appeal to the best in youth of all ages. In ·the face of some disconcerting signs in the And youth is responding to the challenge in their world today, there are many encouraging signs of readiness to enlist in sacrificial missionary servpromise. All over the United States and Canada, ice at home and abroad. many thousands of youth are gathered every summer in Christian camps and conferences. No JAPAN'S LOSING BATTLE less than a half-million young people come together, under trained leaders, for physical and , In spite of Japan's military advantage in modspiritual recreation. At a thousand or more re- ern equipment and trained soldiers, her military sorts these multitudes of earnest young people party is waging a losing battle in China. This meet to listen to inspirational addresses and to is becoming more evident as the months pass. learn what life and service mean. Japan has disregarded justice and mercy, has alienated other nations that are not ruled by the Similar gatherings are being held in foreign same ideals, and she depends on deceit and force lands, not only in Great Britain and many parts to keep her people in line at home. While China of Europe, but in practically all the mission fields. has now the most enlightened patriotic and able There were pra.ctically no such Christian gather- rulers in her history, Japanese leaders in power ings for youth fifty years ago. They have grown exhibit less intelligence and more cruelty than has up as the result of the growing consciousness of characterized her and puts her dependence on the necessity for giving a Christian training _to armed force. The general sympathy of the world the youth of today to prepare them to be the -inactive as it is-is with the Chinese in their leaders of tomorrow. The Bishop of Uganda desperate struggle for life and peace. While the writes of African youth: conflict is welding China into a united country, it is sowing seeds of discontent in Japan; while Dr. Aggrey used to say that he would like to have nine China is becoming more Christian and is even lives if he could be sure that in each he would be an suggesting opening their schools to the teaching African and born one after the other in Africa in this of Christian truth, Japan is becoming more pagan present century. The future of the world lies largely and is forcing her Christian people to worship at in the hands of the youth. Very much, however, depends the shrines of the Sun Goddess; while China is on the next few years. Primitive youth is imitative-it showing mercy to the enemy, scattering peace is important that the youth of England and America leaflets in place of bombs by airplane over Japan, should give them a good example to imitate. Youth is the Japanese continue to spread destruction in perceptive: he looks below the surface and very quickly China by bombs and machine guns that ruthlessly sums up what a man really is.

There is a passion for reality in youth. People cannot "get away with" shams and "window dressing," at any rate for long; but youth is impulsive and so is easily influenced temporarily by an emotional appeal. What

bring death to multitudes of men, women and Thus failure to comply with the demand that all J apachildren; while China is looking forward to re- nese participate in certain Shinto ceremonies may be reconstruction after the fighting is over, Japan is garded as a good reason for withdrawing the privilege becoming more and more impoverished physically of freedom of religious belief. and spiritually; while China appeals for peace on the basis of justice and friendship, Japan seeks It is natural that special efforts should be made to control by conquest and alienates those who would secure the obedience of subject peoples when it comes to be her friends. Shrine observance. This has become an acute problem in Korea and Formosa, and will be so in Chinese terri- Other nations in past centuries have tried J a- tories which come under the control of Japan. pan's tactics and have failed, even when they have seemed to win a temporary advantage. If the Japanese realized what their military leaders are doing and planning in China we be- The situation in Japan is revealed by a letter lieve that they would rise up and overthrow the just received from one who has lived there for present regime… But they are misled by governtwenty years and who knows and loves the Jap- ment censorship and propaganda. They are told anese people. (The letter could not be mailed in that China must be protected from Communism Japan on account of the government censorship.) and liberated from the Nanking regime and from The Japanese themselves are kept in ignorance General Chiang Kai-shek, their Christian ruler. of the facts and the military propagandists pro- Staged motion pictures are used to show that the claim that ignorance, fear, selfishness and jeal- Chinese are welcoming the Japanese soldiers as ousy are the motives that actuate all foreigners liberators and benefactors rather than ravishers, who oppose the program of the Japanese mili- terrorists and spreaders of venereal disease and tarists. narcotics.

The letter (dated in Japan, June 12, 1938) is In the meantime the common people in Japan in part as follows: are suffering from economic depression through high prices and many restrictions. They are told We can easily understand the causes of the rising tide that such suffering and self-denial are patriotic. of anti-Japanese feeling in other lands. While the The work of missionaries of Christ, presenting Japanese' people themselves are conscious of the antago- His ideals and message of life, is more than ever nism of certain foreign nations, it is attributed in the needed and is welcomed. The Japanese are hunmain to Chinese propaganda and the jealousy 0:1; the gry for life and peace. It is a great opportunity powers who are losing their economic spheres of influence in China. . " The people here only know what for the missionaries who show spiritual life and appears in the newspapers, and the result is that they power and have the message of God's love and are the victims of a propaganda which interprets the salvation. And the missionaries with reduced war in terms of a righteous crusade "to deliver China forces and income are busy teaching, conducting from the peril of communism." They know nothing of conferences and summer camps, and working the ruthlessness which has apparently characterized the through the churches and Sunday schools. The operations of the army and believe that the conduct of Japanese are responding with larger attendance the war has been above reproach! at evangelistic services, and with increased en- As is the case in all wars, the common people are the rollment in mission schools and colleges. Dr. ones who bear the burden and they are the ones who Toyohiko Kagawa, and other Japanese Christians, suffer. In thinking of Japan we trust that you will dis- express the feeling of the sense of shame and tinguish between those who are leading the nation in chagrin that "Christians are so impotent to stem paths of conquest and the great mass of people who are the tide of militarism in Japan." in the dark and are having to submit to increasing regimentation and more personal self-sacrifice. The people ,Evidently humanity must learn lessons through are in darkness and need desperately to be "translated warfare and suffering that they are not willing into the kingdom of God's dear Son." The fact that to learn through peace and prosperity. Among militarism is in the saddle is no reason for reducing mis- these lessons are the futility of selfish warfare, sionary interest in J.apan. Recent developments here and the superiority of spiritual forces over the main other countries present a challenge to the Christian terial, the supremacy of true love over the seIf- Church to increase their missionary interest. seeking human ambitions. Christ did not estab- lish peace in the Roman world but He did sow the The Japane~e Christian Church is finding itself in an seeds of life and of peace and victory in the hearts increasingly difficult position. This is in spite of the fact that Japanese Protestants have always been distinguished of His followers. Among His last words to His by their loyalty to Emperor and nation, by their obedi- disciples were these: "These things have I spoken ence to law and integrity of character, and by their faith- unto you that in me ye may have peace. In the fulness in the performance of the various, duties imposed world ye have tribulation but be of good cheer, I by the State. But officialdom has not been satisfied with have overcome the world." . This is the peace and this and has seen fit to make the observance of the various the victorythat the world cannot give and cannot ceremonies of State Shinto the 'sign of good citizenship. take away. They have put believers who regard the observance of State Shinto as idolatrous in the position of appearing disloyal. The Imperial Constitution provides that: "Japanese subjects shall, within limits of law, not preju- dicial to peace and order, and not antago!listic to their duties of subjects, enjoy freedom of religious belief."

A Crisis-Looking Forward to

By PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., Muscat, Arabia Author of "The Arab at Home"; Missionary of the Reformed Chutch in America A WORLD Missionary Conference is to be held will the Conference be a success. To the degree this year in Madras. The hope is that the that it fails to do this, the Conference will be a whole Church of Christ may focus there failure. her thanksgiving for the past, and her intercession for the future. Most of all we hope that God Nor is this something only for the few who go will give us guidance for the present. Certainly, to that South Indian city. Now is a time for us hitherto hath the Lord helped us, and we have all to bow down and pray for guidance and power come a long way in carrying out the command, from God. With our attention focused on gain- "Go ye therefore and make disciples of all the na- ing God's guidance, and bringing our work into tions." We will stand with the Apostle Paul in line with His will so that we can go forward in Madras. In every direction, a great door and ef- His power, this should be a day, above all things, fectual is opened unto us "and there are many for reverent and careful study of God's Word that adversaries." If the Apostle could actually speak we may learn how He would have us carryon His to us, he would perhaps tell us that he faced no work. We need profound and prayerful studies such wonderful open doors, nor such appalling of the mind of Christ in regard to our missionary adversaries. problems. We must penetrate below the surface and understand what the Holy Spirit has to teach This is not the day of the grinning stone image. us in the life and policies of the Apostle Paul. We deal with emotional idols, terribly alive all of Different men will discover many different things them, fashioned after the likeness of Mohammed- in this Book which God has given us. No one anism~ Men and women and children, from the man will understand it all. Indeed, reflecting least to the greatest, deliriously worship some God's mind as it does, all of us together will enter class or race or nation, sure that thereby they be- only the fringes of the Divine revelation. God come the elite of the universe. Worship of that wants us to see visions and dream dreams out of sort must have an object of pers.ecution as well His Word. Thus He will guide us and give us as an object of worship. Jews serve the purpose power in carrying His message to a turbulent and excellently. So do Christians. Those of us who distressed world. work in the arid desert into which Mohammed transformed a sixth of the human race, look out Christ's View of the Kingdom on the nations today with a feeling very close to terror. It is a very dreadful disease that is spread- In the thirteenth chapter of Matthew we find ing over the world, but it is not a new one. And a remarkable group of parables in which Christ when this outbreak has run its course, and men's shows us the essential nature of the missionary enterprise. He was speaking of the Kingdom of hearts have hardened into shape under its pride God. The phrase has puzzled us and from it have and falsity, will it again be a thousand years be- been developed most diverse and complicated and fore the Good News of God's love finds its way materialistic notions. But evidently in Christ's into men's hearts once more and the first convert mind the idea was as simple as sunlight. Wher- is won to Christ? ever God rules over the human heart as king, No! It will not be even a thousand days for there is the Kingdom of God established.

when "the enemy comes in like a flood," the Spirit This was something new which Christ brought of the Lord will lift up a standard against him. -a gift from Heaven. With Him came the glori- But we must realize, with a deep and terrible ous opportunity of being under the direct and realization, that we on the mission field today genuine rule of God. Christ spent His time pro- need two things, and only two. We need God's claiming this good news of the possible realization guidance and we need His power. It will be only .of the Kingdom. He sent out His disciples two by to the degree that the Madras Conference sensi- two to carry the message further. He left us to tizes us so that we can hear and obey the Divine finish the task through the centuries, and finished voice, and opens. the windows of Heaven so that it will be, for "this good news of the Kingdom God can pour out a blessing,only to that extent shall be preached in all the world for a witness [393 ]

to all the nations." Here is a simple message: a seed which will grow in men's hearts. Indeed "The time is fulfilled, the Kingdom of God is at that seed grows. up to be Christ Himself abiding hand. Repent, and believe the Good News." in us. It is thus that God rules.

Christ emphasized three things about this King- Good news of that sort is not much of a seed, dom. In the first place it is open to all men. The philosophically and scientifically. Christ explained entrance requirements are simple. "Repent ye"~ carefully that it is "less than the least of all seeds" leave your old life; "and believe the good news" which are sown so assiduously in men's hearts. -accept as genuine and true this announcement It takes no extraordinary insight to see the truth that men can actually come under God's personal of that. Any monist has us beaten philosophically control. The offer is for every man to the ends before the debate begins. Any second-rate idol of the inhabited earth. It is an ecumenical thing. temple can surpass our most ehtborate rituals, and emotionally, ~_mpared with communism, and In the second place, this wonderful opportunity, fascism, and emperor worship, we are most prethis door to an eternal destiny linked to God cisely the least of all seeds. We feel a great urge himself, is to be found only in Christ. Even the to assert that the Gospel is really good seed, and God-given Jewish religion could not provide it. we spend much time measuring its philosophical Salvation to a few, that religion certainly did and scientific dimensions and convincing ourselves bring, but apparently not to many. This Kingdom of its impressive character. However, the Gospel of God that He preached was a new thing. Christ seed is really most unimpressive, as Christ told brought it, and its lowliest member stands above us long ago. Its virtue is in its vitality and in the highest of the prophets. The implications of the astonishing result that it can produce when this are tremendous. Even with the light of the sown in men's hearts. Epistles and of the Acts, we can grasp only a few of them. Christ, however, shows us the simplicity As God looks down on a faithless and perverse and unity of the wisdom of God. One thinks of generation, perhaps few things seem so incon- Fujiyama, as he meditates on it. gruous as the audacity of men who produce a showy and resplendent philosophy out of Christ's The third characteristic, in its way as remark- teaching, but lack faith to believe that God who able as the others, is that this Kingdom is to be spread merely by proclaiming the Good News of has embodied Himself in it, can by its means over- God's gift. The Kingdom of God is like sowing a come the idols of our time. We must pit the very seed. There is food for deep meditation in that power of God Himself against the terrifying teaching. It is a message much needed in these forc·es of evil which have become so strong. There days when the missionary finds himself confused is one way to do that, and only one, in season and and perplexed. Whatever else is true of our work, out of season, and that is to sow the Good News it must always be the proclamation of the Good of the Kingdom in the hearts of men. News of the Kingdom of God. That good news is CHRISTIAN MISSIONS-BANE OR BLESSING?

Why should we make sacrifices to support foreign missions? One great reason is because of the results of this work. Had there been no Christian foreign missionaries, then Cyprus, Ephesus, Philippi, and Berea would never have heard the Gospel of Christ. Except for mis- sions the message of Life which He came to bring would not have reached Rome, and from Rome could not have spread into Spain and Gaul. Without missionaries, Great Britain and America would not have heard the message of Christ; India, China and other lands would have no Christians and no Christian enterprises. Had there been no missionaries, there would be no Christian Church today. Most, if not all, of the humanitarian and philanthropic organ- izations that now minister to mankind would never have been established. Hospitals, homes for the aged, orphanages, colleges and public schools all have had their first inspiration in the ideals of life and service taught in the New Testament. History shows clearly that these un- selfish ministries of love did not exist prior to the coming of Christ and apart from the spread of Christianity. They are due to the revelation of God and His ideals for man as revealed through Jesus Christ and as they have been imparted to His followers.

'BY THE LIPU LEKH PASS INTO TIBET-ALTITUDE 16,750

With Tibetans at the Crossroads By REV. E. B. STEINER, Dharchula, United Provinces, India Missionary of the Tibetan Border Mission TIBET-called the "Roof of the World"-is and consist of peas, barley and some type of grain the loftiest country on the face of the globe. which. can be ground and made into very coarse The line of vegetation lies at 13,000 feet alti- bread, which the ordinary European stomach is tude. Tibet has successfully kept herself aloof not able to digest.

from the outside world for centuries, and because Tibetan traders are more numerou.s than farmof this has had a tendency to draw the country ers, especially in the south. They are made up of into seclusion. two classes-Khampas and Dokpas. The former spend summers in Tibet and winters in India. The Tibetan is what he is because of four fac- Leaving Tibet in October, they cross the Himators-altitude, lack of vegetation, seclusion and layas for their trading in the foothill cities of religion. His characteristics are the product of India. After bartering they return in March, these factors, particularly in that region over entering Tibet over Lipu Lekh Pass in June. They against Bhot on the south central border of Tibet.

This country can be conquered, not by war, but speak Hindi and other Hill languages. by the Gospel of Jesus Christ that will change The Dokpas cross by Lipu Lekh Pass into India these backward Tibetans into progressive citizens. only to near-by towns in the Upper Himalayas. Tibetans may be divided into four classes: They speak Tibetan only. These traders export farmers, traders, robbers, lamas. Farmers in wool, salt and borax; they import wheat, rice, Tibet are the least prominent of the four classes. dal, sugar and cloth. They reside in valleys only; their crops are few The Tibetan robbers are called Jokpas in our [395 ]

area. In India they call at our bungal.ow and beg and another 5,500. (We do not vouch for these alms and food. In Tibet they rob us, but not in figures.) India because the British Government would im- Lamaism is a religi.on of works. The word prison them. As liquor dealers in America pay "grace," as understood in the Christian religion, license to the government and are permitted to is not found in Lamaism. The doing of religious .operate drinking establishments, so in Tibet a acts is believed to be the means of entitling a per- robber buys a license to rob whomsoever he son to a place in the Tibetan heaven. Everything pleases. a lama does-whether worship, prayers, reading, In 1930 the Tibetan Government granted Mrs. eating, sleeping or working-is a religious act.

Steiner and the writer a passport to travel 145 The spirit of the mind or the condition of the miles in Tibet. We were accosted by robbers heart has nothing to do with securing merit for twice during our twenty days in the country. the Tibetan heaven. The larger number of acts One Saturday aftern.oon suddenly three Tibetan a lama can do in a given time, the greater his robbers galloping on horseback,with flags floating merit and the Lama can accumulate far greater and guns raised, rushed out from between moun- merit by prayers than in any other way. It makes tains, calling to our Christians who were half a no difference for what he prays or how; the thing mile behind: that counts is that he performs his prayers. Be- "Halt, you are traders; you have money; open cause of this erroneous conception, the lama re- your bags! And over there is a white man and sorts to all sorts. of devices for prayer to assist a white woman; they are traders; they have in the accumulation of merit. Am.ong these de- money; open your bags." vices the most common in our area of Tibet are They continued talking roughly and yelling. prayer-wheels, prayer water-mills, prayer-flags Soon those Tibetan robbers began to talk less and prayer-walls.

roughly and finally they rode away without tak- Every lama possesses a prayer-wheel which he ing anything. holds in his right hand and revolves it as rapidly A month later we received a letter from a wom- as he can. In the wheel is written a prayer and an in Indiana who said she was praying for us. each revolution counts for merit for the owner of That letter was dated JUly 17, 1930, the very day the prayer-wheel. Large lamasaries have made that we were accosted by those Tibetan robbers. huge prayer-wheels called "Sipo Khorlo," inter- preted, "Wheel of Life." We saw one prayer- Ten days later, just as we were breaking camp, wheel seven feet in diameter in the lamasary at a robber party of twelve appeared. One robber Taklakot. On his way out of the lamasary a lama examined Mrs. Steiner's coat sleeve and after- gives the huge prayer-wheel a couple of turns, and wards my water bottle. Seeing his primitive gun I began to examine it in turn. He was pleased S.o it registers prayers to his credit. The lama and looking into my face he smiled. After that he would not rob me. While .our party .of ten does not need to say a word for the prayer-wheel Christians stood with bowed heads in silence in does the praying for him. Inside of this wheel is our morning worship, these ten robbers stood a paper on which is written that meaningless there on the side listening. Mter prayer they prayer, "Om Mani Padme Hum," interpreted in passed on and we went our way. English: "0 Jewel in the Lotus Flower." We do not know why this prayer has been adopted as the The Buddhist Lamas lama's formal prayer, save that the Tibetan be- lieves that Gautama, the founder of Buddhism, The fourth class of Tibetans, and by far the sprang from the lotus flower. About the year most prominent, are the Lamas or Buddhist 400 A. D. a great lama adopted this prayer as a Priests. The home of lamas is called a lamasary model for his followers and it has been used ever and the religion of Tibet is called Lamaism, a since.

form of Buddhism. Many lamas attach dozens of "prayer-flags"

The first-born son of each Tibetan family must to a cord or rope that stretches from one building be surrendered to the lamasary to be trained as to another, or to a tree. These prayer-flags are a lama. As all families are small, the percentage small pieces of cloth six or eight inches long in of lamas is great. A lamasary is a training school strips, on each of which is written this same . as well as a church, and some are in training for meaningless prayer-"Om Mani Padme Hum."

twenty or thirty years. The women lamas are When there is no wind these prayer-flags are silent sometimes called nuns. They are not permitted and therefore produce no merit; but when the to marry. Lamasaries are therefore like medire- wind blows, these flags flutter in the air and pile val monasteries, and sometimes the number of up millions of prayers to the credit of the owner.

inmates runs into the thousands. One lamasary Riding on a pony a hundred miles into Tibetan in Lhasa is said to admit 1,100, another 3,300, territory, we came to numerous "prayer-walls,"

WITH TIBETANS AT THE CROSSROADS

four to eight feet high, made of stone. On each Lekh Pass; our two stations,Dharchula and was inscribed this same prayer. Some of these Sirkha, are located on this highway and all who walls were twenty feet long, some fifty or a hun- travel to the plains of India must pass our way.

dred or two hundred feet. As we traveled, I no- Many call at our bungalow for alms or for med- ticed that my horseman, a Tibetan, owner of the ical aid. Each call brings a contact and makes an pony, always passed on the left side of the walls, opportunity. To many we give a Christian tract never on the right. When we came to another and to some we tell the story of salvation by prayer-wall, I said: "Go on the right side," but Christ. Most of these Tibetan travelers halt near he only smiled. Coming to the next wall, I spoke our Sunday School for four or five days at a time firmly, "Why don't you pass on the right side?" and some draw near to see what it is all about.

He paid no attention. My cook, a Mohammedan They may remain for the hour. Our Tibetan evan- from that area, told me that if this Tibetan passed on the right he would receive no merit but, pass- ing on the left, each stone with that inscription (and there are thousands on a wall 200 feet long, on its four sides and on top), produces. merit to his credit. It is the movement of something that counts, not thoughts. of the heart.

The Dalai Lama, the ruler of Tibet who lives at Lhasa, is the head of this land of seclusion reli- giously and politically. Dalai Lama means "Ocean of Virtue." He is helieved by Tibetans to be an incarnation of Chewasi, the son of the God 0 Pak Me, "the Buddha of Boundless Light." They be- lieve that "0 Pak Me" has been reincarnated again and again; being an incarnation, they think that the Dalai Lama cannot sin. It is likewise believed that each is an incarnation of that same god and therefore does not sin.

Many Tibetans practice polyandry. A woman marries the oldest brother in a family and thus automatically becomes the wife of all the brothers.

Consquently morality among the Tibetans is low, and their conception of home and family life are vague. These concepts of loose marriage rela- tions even creep into the Christian Church. Some twenty years ago two Tibetan brothers became Christians; one was married; the other was a widower. It was claimed some years ago, al- though not proven, that when the married brother was. absent from home for a month or more, his wife lived with the other brother as his wife. A TIBETAN LAMA AND HIS FAMILY About three years ago a Tibetan Christian sought a wife among Bhotiya Christians for his nephew. gelists and Bible women preach in their camps, He had difficulty in persuading members of one and our Tibetan Christians have friends among family to give their consent so he came to us. We some and invite them to their homes. Our work- suggested that he try to secure the daughter of ers also display their Tibetan scriptures and tracts one of our Tibetan Christian widows. But the on a blanket to attract passing Tibetans. We are widow said, "He who marries my daughter, mar- not permitted to preach to the Tibetans inside ries me also." Is there any doubt as to the need Tibet, but on our evangelistic pilgrimage to Mt.

of Tibetans for Christ and His Gospel? Kailash, 60 miles inland, there were ten Christians , We are sometimes asked how we make contacts in the group, four of whom were Tibetans. The with Tibetans in order to win them to Christ. We government cannot prevent us from worshipping are located in Bhot, that triangle in India on the our God as we choose and therefore on Sundays borders of both Tibet and Nepal. Lipu Lekh Pass, in Tibet, we have services and Sunday school for at an altitude of 16,750 feet, is one of the six main ourselves. Tibetans often stand around listening.

outlets of Tibet; the great Tibetan highway of The ruler of Taklakot gave us permission to this part of India passes through Bhot. Hundreds visit the lamasary in his city and there we found of Tibetans annually travel out and in over Lipu 300 lamas, men and women, boys and girls-aged electro nic fil e created by cafis.org

6 to 60. In one room we heard a Christian hymn. A family of ten pure Tibetans, devil worshipers, Upon inquiry, we learned that the lama had heard left their home, sear.ching for the true God. One us sing that song last year in India. I recalled of the number, our Tibetan cook, tells the followthat the year before, I had sung this hymn at ing story: "My grandfather was a priest of the every camp along the Tibetan highway as I was devil. Often have I seen him beat his body with returning from Naini Tal. The wonder was that heavy cords until it bled. Three times did the this Tibetan, hearing this hymn but once, was devil demand everything we possessed. After the able to remember both the words and melody. third time, we began to think that there must be Leading lamas followed us, pleading that we sing, a God somewhere who would not make unreasonand there, beside the huge wall of that lamasary able demands. Ten of us left in search for this in that land where we were forbidden to preach, true God. We wandered around Tibet. Then an four of us sang a Christian hymn. These lamas epidemic overtook us, killing six of our number, then begged for tracts. They sent two messengers including both-iny parents. My grandparents, my to our tent and we gave them forty-eight tracts. aunt and I only were left. iWe continued our search and passed through vast areas. Our food A year later I toured along the Indian side of was gone and we could get none. We came to the the Tibetan border. From Kuti, the last town, I Holy Region, Mt. Kailas, the Lakes and Taklakot, ascended a mountain up ·to 16,000 feet, coming to but we did not find the true God in this so-called a large open plain where we camped. Here an- 'Holy Region.' Then we came over Lipu Pass nually Bhotiyas and Tibetan traders meet for bar- and down into this Kali River Valley to Sirkha. tering. Among other Tibetans, were ten wealthy The Bhotiyas told us not to go near the Mission traders with 7,000 sheep, who came across the Compound or we would be made Christians. We border from their Tibetan town some twenty days' did not know what kind of wkked people Chrisjourney distant. Before we could pitch our tent, tians are, but they visited our camp and invited us these Tibetans crowded about, gazing at me, for to come to the mission. They did not look like they had never before looked upon a white face. bad people, so we thought we would go and live A peculiar feeling comes over one to think that in the Mission Compound, but would not go to one's white face is the first such face another hu- their meetings. Then we heard singing which man being has seen. sounded good and we thought that this might be the place to find the true God. We sat outside to We were hungry and tired, for we had made listen and later we went in and sat in the rear. this ascent of 4,000 feet and had had nothing to Then we found the true God we had been seeking eat since seven in the morning. Our helpers con- and we forsook Buddha for Christ." The grandcluded that this was the time to conduct a service parents have passed on, but our Tibetan cook has for these Tibetans, and each in turn gave a mes- entered deeply into the Christian life and is now sage-including my Tibetan cook, a boy of seven- one of our strongest Christians. teen. The Tibetans listened eagerly and then bought every Gospel and tract we had. They A Tibetan lama student in one of the leading wished to buy also my Tibetan hymn book and lamasaries in Lhasa for twenty years left the offered me twice its value. We forgot our hunger, lamasary because he felt that he was not sinless. but I never before saw such hunger for scriptures He married and wandered around for three years and tracts. with his wife, who contracted tuberculosis. To- gether they came over Lipu Lekh Pass into our We have been told that in certain areas, pure valley as far as Sirkha, and there his wife died. Tibetans cannot be won for Christ, as their hearts Our Tibetan evangelist, Chirring, befriended this are impregnable to the Gospel. We have not lama, Lobsang, and invited him to our Mission found it so. A Tibetan widow with two little sons Compound. Lobsang was impressed and finally came begging alms of Dr. Sheldon thirty-three renounced lamaism in April, 1929. He is now years. ago. She was told the story of Christ and conducting a Tibetan school and preaches the was asked to give up her beggar life, but she Gospel. In 1937 Lobsang and his family made an would not. The next year she came again and evangelistic tour into Tibet and brought back a yielded herself to Christ. She remained true to pure Tibetan, who came from a town eight days' her Lord for thirty years, first as matron and journey north of Lhasa. This man was baptized later as Bible woman, until she went two years on January 16th. Lobsang is now trying to win ago to be with her Saviour. Dr. Sheldon died in another Tibetan, who came a couple of months 1912', but Bunden continued as Bible woman all ago from the interior of Tibet.· Was it worth these years. One of her little sons is now a Tib- while befriending Lobsang? etan evangelist and the other a Christian tailor.

Modern Challenge to

By the REV. WILLIAM PATON, London Secretary of the International Missionary Council W HERE does the Christian missionary a world there may be religion, but religion will enterprise stand in this world of national- have become like other things just one among the ism, racialism, economic struggle, and other parts of life, ruled by its own law, an interauthoritarian states? It is not enough to show est among the many interests of man. I know no that mission hospitals do much good and that more terrible example of the secular spirit than Christian schools in the East and in Africa are the acceptance by religion of a specialized place lifting the burden of illiteracy from thousands. among the affairs of men. When religion, and In our typical modern struggles. is the missionary above all the Christian religion, abandons its enterprise relevant? claim to shed light and guidance upon the whole What is the characteristic modern issue? Let life of man and becomes one professionalized in- us go back a little in our own history. There was terest among a mass of others, we have the once something called Christendom. The word supreme secularism.

covered the idea ofa region of the world in which This was our state until these last years; but there was a civilization dominated by a single we are not facing that sort of world now. The great view of the world. In that medireval Europe, disintegration of human culture and the fading there was a common faith, a single Church, a gen- away of the central and life-giving belief in God erally accepted philosophy, and a recognition of was not an affair only of the scholar; there set in the unity of life, in such wise that, whether or not a deep disintegration of society. The World War men kept the Christian moral law, it did not occur hastened the process. One can speak only with to them to suggest that, for instance, the world of great sympathy of the situation that faced Ger- economic life lay outside the boundaries of moral many, for instance, in these post-war years. To and spiritual rule. In that sense the whole of life see their country losing all its coherence and dig- was integrated around the truths of Christianity. nity may well Ikive men to desperate remedies.

We know how that world broke up; I am no And in many lands today, as we know so well,.

medirevalist and I am not suggesting that we there has come into view the new type of integra- regret that vanished world. There came the Ren- tion, or more truly the new type of religion. No aissance of learning and the Ref.ormation; nations longer do we face a negative kind of secularist arose in Europe and separate churches came into temper; we face the bold attempt to regiment the being. Natural science was reborn and as the life of man around the primacy of the nation, or years passed science was harnessed to production of blood, or of class, or of the State. This is what and industry and we had the industrial revolution. is meant by that ungainly word the "totalitarian"

Life became far more complicated as well as much State. It is more than merely nationalism or class- richer. But one great consequence followed. The loyalty. It is the claim that devotion to this cen- world of men-our Western world at least–':'no tral standard-race or blood, community or state, longer was integrated round the Christian view or class-has absolute worth, and that in obedi- of life. The life of European man became divided; ence and surrender to it man finds his whole the world of economics was believed to have its meaning.

own law and to be separated from that of ethics; In modern Germany we have a classical instance what was true there became true of all the parts of the struggle which such a mode of life must of life, and the characteristic of our Western entail upon the Christian Church. The Church in world was that it had no common governing idea that and in every land has two essential features and was not ruled by any universally accepted which make it the enemy of the totalitarian state.

view. Each part of life became a law to itself. They are, first, that every local or national Church This is what I understand by secularism; the is not only local or national but also a part of the loosening 'of the parts. of life from their proper universal Christian fellowship. It is therefore a uniting centre in the will of God, so that not only constant reminder of a fellowship and loyalty is there no God acknowledged but there is no wider than that of the nation. But the other rea- other dominating idea to take His place. In such son goes. deeper. It is the fact that in the last r 399]

analysis the Church is' not a human society only- work, only more rapidly than in the West. Among not a sort of club that we have formed to carry educated Hindus today one finds everywhere a out purposes of our own, but is a society divine lack of belief and a communal loyalty that has as well as human. It is human and therefore nothing at all to do with true religion. In such a stained with the sins of humanity; but its origins country as Egypt you will find Moslems of educa- lie in the Divine love and it is still the Body of tion and earnestness, but for many of them, real Christ in which His Spirit dwells. So that in the faith has gone and what is left is a keenly national last resort the Church of Christ can only obey consciousness cloaking itself in religious dress.

God first and can never assent to any other pri- In such countries it is inevitable that the same mary loyalty. sort of process should be followed as we have If we look at the world of our Western life, we traced in our Western world. A force of integra- see a society that once was Christian and now is tion there must be; life must have a common pagan, with Christian forces and groups at work energizing centre. Thus we find the old cry of within it; that the emptiness' of a purposeless Pan-Islam wholly discredited in the Mohammedan society is being for myriads today filled by the countries, and nationalism or, as in Turkey, a keen worship of new gods; that these gods are in fact racial loyalty taking its place. In India you see only Man himself, worshipped in some group such a portent as the opening and consecration of manifestation; and that as against all this there a temple in which there is no object of worship is today only one force, small and weak as it may except a great marble relief map of India- seem, that is inescapably committed to a wholly Mother India, into which the spirit of the god is different view. That force is the love of God in called as in other idols of Hinduism.

Christ with the transformation of life and the In Japan and her empire we see most plainly total view of the world ·and the active fellowship the rise of the new nation-state worship. It is an that accompany it. The Church with all its weak- ancient thing there, for the doctrine of the divine nesses is still the fellowship in which men cannot Emperor, his descent from the Sun-Goddess, and be thought of as submerged in racial or commu- the divine quality of the Japanes.e nation go back nity groups, or as mere automata in the interplay to the dawn of Japanese history. Yet is it not of economic forces, because men 'are known as certain that a country like Japan, in which there those whom God made for Himself and for whom is an almost unparalleled concentration of wealth Jesus Christ was content to die. in a few hands, must be exposed almost more than But this attempt to analyze our modern prob- others to the social strains that aooompany such lem has referred only to what used to be called an economic organization? It can hardly be a Christendom. What of the rest of the world? mere coincidence that in this modern world, sub- Do we realize to what a vast extent this same ject universally to the influences I have tried to process of disintegration and this same drift away sketch, there should be felt in Japan the need to from the religious centre of life have appeared in strengthen the claim of the nation-state and to the East also, and in Africa? In Africa the mat- use the old doctrine for this purpose.

ter is perhaps. plainer than in any other place. So it is that in Japan itself, and far more reso- One does not need to have lived in Africa to com- lutely and indeed ferociously in Korea, Formosa prehend something of what it means that, for and in the nominally independent but actually instance, tribesmen come great distances to labor puppet state of Manchukuo, we find the rites of in the copper mines, there to exchange the life of emperor worship, or a rite akin to it, pressed upon the tribe, in which the individual hardly exists the schools and the colleges. It is explained that and the tribal group is everything, for the life of the rites are not religious, but merely patriotic.

a modern industrialized settlement where a man This is not the place to argue this matter in detail, is forced to become an individual. But consider but I feel that when this claim is made it is meant the countries with the ancient religious cultures. really that the rites defined as patriotic, are more Hinduism has never been a religion only in the important than religion. It is the determination sense that it offered a religious consolation and of those who rule events in that empire to lay guidance to the individual; it has been a social down as the foundation of life the absolute accept- system and upon its precepts and governing ideas ance of the State. When you have that, then you a whole society rested. The word "caste" will may have your private religion – your sectarian suggest all that is. bound up in this statement. Or Shinto or your Buddhism or your Christianity.

again Islam has never been a reJi.gion in the nar- But that absoluteness of claim and of range which row sense; it has claimed to provide an under- we associate with religions is reserved for the standing of the whole of life. It has indeed been patriotic claim symbolized by the patriotic rite.

a boast of Moslem scholars. that Islam offered a It is therefore no matter for surprise that the synthesis of sacred and secular. But today we see Christian Church in these lands should be suspect.

exactly the same process of disintegration at I would only say here–for there are many things

THE MODERN CHALLENGE TO CHRISTIANITY

it is not expedient t.o say-that my own touch in .of economic forces, or a pawn in national policy, recent months with them left me with a clearer or that He is. in fact these and these alone. The and a more poignant sense of the meaning of the Christian faith, in basing man's dignity on God's Church in the modern world than I have ever had. love, offers the only ground on which that dignity and freedom can be maintained. Can we now gather up something of what this rough and most imperfect sketch suggests? Sec.ond, the Christian Church offers in the Christian fellowship something that transcends It is the inescapable and eternal paradox of the barriers of nations, race, and class. Where man's life that he cannot find peace within him- it fails to do this it is plainly false to itself; where self but only as. he returns to God. When he de~ it does this it is plainly true to itself and its parts from God-and even from the gods of the Founder. .old faiths of the East-he finds that the disorder of his life demands a commanding centre, and he Third, and here we touch the centre of the makes a god out of some part of his human endow- Christian struggle in our modern world, the ment-race and blood, or class, or nati.on. But Christian Church is a society not only human but that god not only leads him to war and strife and also divine, owing allegiance to God and pointing internecine feud, it demands also the total sub- beyond all human associations and loyalties, merging of the individual in the grQUp .or mass claims and obligations, t.o the unshared majesty or totality. of God and the absoluteness of His will, the pri- macy of His kingdom. The Christian asserts three things in opposition to this modern idolatry: First, we declare that In this struggle there is no East and West. It man is created by God, in His spiritual image, tQ is the peculiar significance of the Christian misdo His will in loving obedience, and that in the sionary movement that it symbolizes the univerpassion and death of Jesus Christ there is ex- sality of the Christian Church and provides the hibited the value that God set upon man. It is means whereby the older church can aid and not possible for Christians to agree that any .one, strengthen the younger in facing what is essenfor whom the Lord Jesus Christ was CQntent to tially and .universally a common task. die, should be a mere racial unit, or a plaything TRENDS IN MODERN MISSION WORK By THE REV. CORNELIUS H. PATTON, D.D.

Formerly Secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.

1. Transfer of leadership and ownership to the national Christians of each land at the earliest possible moment.

2. Recognition more fully .of the responsibility of governments and to cooperate with them in so far as fundamental Christian principles allow.

3. Efforts to encourage and conserve the values of indigenous religion and culture wher- ever found, seeking always to domesticate Christian ideals and institutions in the environment and tradition of each land.

4. Purpose to maintain, as may be necessary, the distinction between Christianity and so- called Christian civilization.

5. Interpretation of the Christian message in such a way as to make it applicable to the total life of a people.

6. Desire to make evangelism complete byemphasizing the Christ-spirit as the saving ele- ment in all processes of social improvement.

7. Stressing the improvement of rural communities as the special need of the hour.

8. Endeavors to offer motive and guidance in the effort to save the people of the East from the mistakes of the industrial order of the West.

9. Work for the consolidation of the Christian forces throughout the world.

10. In the selection and training of missionary personnel, insistence upon the highest de- gree of efficiency attainable. .

11. Preaching the eternal Gospel by word and in terms that men and women of this age will understand.

12. Attempts to find in the leadership and saving power of Christ the only hope of a dis- tressed and bewildered yet spiritually hungry world.

Sunday Schools Over the World*

By REV. ROBERT M. HOPKINS, D.D., New York Secretary of the World's Sunday School Association A S WE look over the world today it is increas- Word to the people than the Sunday School. Even .l'. ingly difficult to decide which nations may in the lands ""here antagonism to the Bible prebe called Christian and which are non- vails, Sunday School pupils grow up to have a Christian. Some lands that have had within their very keen appreciation of the Book. An illustra- borders a preponderance of people affiliated with tion will be helpful. In spite of the fact that the Christian Church are today following pro- Puerto Rico has the largest Sunday School enrol- cedures that are decidedly not Christian. Other ment of any Spanish-speaking area in the world, lands that have been known as, "heathen" are there is a distressing lack of copies of Spanish today conspicuous. for their forbearance and other Bibles throughout the Island. A little girl, whose Christian virtues under the most difficult circum- parents are affiliated with the Roman Church, stances. somehow found her way into an evangelical In lands that have been known as "heathen" Sunday School, and with the consent of her par- and where the Christian Church is young, and ents she became a regular attendant. As her the vast majority of the people have not as yet birthday approached, her father and mother pre- openly identified themselves with Christ, the Sun- pared a party, with invited guests and special day School 'is a great factor in the spread of the refreshments. When asked what present she de- Gospel and in Christian training. It is chal- sired most of all she said, "I want a copy of the lenging at the outset to learn that in Africa, Latin Bible." This request grew out of her attendance America and Asia the Sunday School is making at the Sunday School. Her parents discovered its greatest numerical advance today. In Africa to their amazement that they were unable to buy during the past fou.r years the Sunday School has a copy of the Bible in any of the regular book made more than half the net total gain of the stores, but she was not satisfied until a copy was entire world; South America came second. What procured. Thus the Word of God found an hon- are some of the reasons for such progress? ored place in an influential home that had hitherto First, the principal constituency of the Sunday not possessed a copy.

School is the children. Young people and adults Various kinds of related Christian literature mayor may not be enrolled in mission lands, ac- have also grown up with the Sunday School move- cording to whether the standards that prevail ment. Ofttimes in mission lands Lesson Helps have come from America or Great Britain. But were at first mimeographed copies of the patient everywhere the Sunday School serves the chil- work of some missionary. Frequently the surplus.

dren. Thus its contrihution is made in the plastic materials are sent from Sunday Schools in more period of life. A single illustration will suffice. favored lands. These are greatly in demand, par- In a Sunday School rally in Aleppo, Syria, chil- ticularly the colored picture charts and picture dren came from a wide variety of home back- cards. In the village of India, the forests. of Af- ground. When asked if any child wished to send rica, the crowded lands of Korea, especially in a message to the Sunday School children of the lands like the Philippines where English is known, world, a little lad arose and said in Arabic that such used materials are never sufficient to meet he wished to send the message : "We ought to love the demands. The street Sunday Schools in Egypt one another." This boy had been raised in a and Wayside Sunday Schools in other lands are Yezidee home where the basic doctrine is one of made possible by grouping the children for the hate, rather than love. He had learned the mes- first time about the picture rolls, and by giving sage of love in the Sunday School. out Httle picture cards.

A second reason is that the Sunday School is A recent report from China indicates that the concerned with the study of the Bible. Many National Committee for Christian Religious Edu- agencies are uniting to spread the Christian cation has published ever since the outbreak of Scriptures around the world, but none make their hostilities, a special Sunday School paper giving task more directly related to the teaching of God's simple teaching material for use in refugee camps.

• See Frontispiece. One copy of this publication has a picture of the r 402] soldier camp in the background, while a little National Committee for Christian Religious Education in China Chinese lad gives thanks for the bowl of rice of which he is about to partake. Thus,even in times Congo Protestant Council (Sunday School Committee for of war and distress, the children are taught to the Belgian Congo) thank God for the temporal blessings of life. Sunday School ASEOciation in Czechoslovakia Egypt and Sudan Sunday School Union Latin America has oeen one of the leaders in Esthonian Sunday School Union the development of indigenous Sunday School lit- India Sunday School Union erature. A graded series of lessons has been pre- National Sunday School Association of Japan pared, most of it written by Latin American au- Sunday School Association of Jugoslavia thors and largely published on presses in Mexico, Korea Sunday School Association Latvian Sunday School Union Puerto Rico, Argentina, Chile and other Latin Madagascar Sunday School Union fields. Brazil has also developed its Portuguese Concilio Nacional De Iglesias Evangelical (Mexico) literature, the demand for which has exceeded Bible Lands Union for Christian Education (Palestine, the Sunday School enrolment, since many outsiders are eager to have the lessons. Syria and Transjordania) Alianza Evangelica De Peru Philippine Committee of Christian Education The Sunday School has been greatly blessed as Sunday School Association of Poland a means for securing cooperation among the vari- Comrr.ittee on Christian Education of the Association of Evangelical Churches of Puerto Rico ous denominational churches. The World's Sun- National Christian Council of Siam day School Association is a federation of fiftyone national (or in a few instances international) We have not called the roll of the cooperating organizations each of which represents the organizations in lands where the work of the churches within a given area that desire to coop- churches has been long established. To include erate in Christian education. No ecumenical or- them would bring the number up to fifty-one con- stituent units of the World's Sunday ganization is more widely representative. In many School Association.

lands cooperation began in a An especially gratifying outreach of the Sunday School union. Sunday School movement has recently A recent visit to Cuba re- been witnessed in lands where the East- vealed the way this move- ern Orthodox churches have predominated.

ment is going forward. There Early approaches of West- is no organization there that ern missionaries were often brings Christian churches to- resented as proselytizing. In gether to consider their com- recent years the organization mon task. A conference held within the Orthodox church- in Havana upon the invita- es has opened new doors.

tion of the World's Sunday One of the first approaches School Association, resulted of the Sunday School was in a representative attend- SUNDAY SCHOOL BOYS IN INDIA made to the ancient Church ance from the seven evangel- of Armenia in the Near East.

ical churches. There was an outspoken desire to A loyal son of the Apostolic church, Levon Zenian, have some agency created that would enable them eager to serve his people, was introduced to the to work together in the task of Christian edu- Armenian prelates in 1929 and with their cordial cation. approval began the organization of Sunday The Sunday School has been thus at the very Schools. His work has been inspiring and has heart of cooperation in the Christian enterprise made· possible many new bonds of fellowship.

in many lands for half a century. It seems easier Within the Greek Orthodox Church the Zoe move- for Christian forces to unite for the Christian ment, stimulated in part by what was occurring education of their children and youth than in any in other Eastern churches, has resulted in the other Christian activity. This has been especially true in mission lands. Note this inspiring list of organization of many Sunday Schools in that organizations charged with responsibility for co- ancient body. Following the historic example of operation in the work of Christian education: Robert Raikes in Gloucester, England, the Greek Orthodox Sunday Schools were first limited to Council of Religious Education in North Africa (Algeria) boys, but recently they have included girls. The EI Comite De Cooperacion De Las Republicas De La Plata leaders of the Zoe movement are in cordial fellow- (Argentina-Paraguay-Uruguay) Conselho Evangelico De Educacion Religiosa De Brasil ship with Sunday School leaders of other churches Burma Sunday School Union and attended the last World's Sunday School Con- Ceylon Sunday School Union vention in Oslo, with the sanction of the Holy Comision De Educacion Religiosa Del Comite Consultor Synod. If a banner had been awarded at the Oslo De Cooperacion de Chile electronic file created by cafis. org

Convention to the city which reported the largest movement for religious education has been wiped proportionate gain in its Sunday School enrolment out. Also the totalitarian states in many parts of during the previous four years, that banner would Europe are now drastically retarding the growth have gone to Athens. . of the Sunday School. In America the growing Another very vital contribution to Christian spirit of secularism has likewise slowed down the progress in mission lands has been through the rate of previous progress, while in Great Britain, pioneering of World Sunday School Conventions. where the modern Sunday School had its origin, Twelve of these world .gatherings have been held losses rather than gains· are recorded. It is rein the past fifty years and each was widely repre- markable that, in the face of such adverse condisentative of the Sunday Schools in many nations. tions, there has been gain at all around the world. Three World Conventions have been pioneers in their respective lands-Jerusalem in 1904 in the This has been due to the so-called non-Christian Near East, Tokyo in 1920 in the Far East, and lands. In ~_me Latin American countries the Rio de Janeiro in 1932 in Latin America. These Sunday School enrolment has doubled within four representative gatherings of Christian leaders years. This movement is thus proving to be the from around the world have made great contributions to the lands visited. For the fourth time the medium whereby there is achieved a continued net gain of the total movement in behalf of Chris- tian education around the world today. .

Movement is proposing to pioneer with the first representative world gathering of Christian lead- ALL HAIL TO THE WOMEN! ers on the continent of Africa. The next World's The Central Committee on the United Study of Sunday School Convention is announced for Durban, South Africa, July 22 to 28, 1940. Thus one Foreign Missions This remarkable organization of women for the promotion of the study of foreign missions and the publication of missionary literature was or- ganized at the time of the Ecumenical Conference in New York in 1900. Now, after thirty-eight years of very effective service, it has closed its work of pUblication (July 1) and has turned it over to the Missionary Education Movement, with which the Central Committee has been cooperat- ing. Miss Abbie B. Child was the first chairman of the Committee. Mrs. Peabody, one of the or- ganizers, was the efficient chairman of this Com- mittee for thirty years. Miss M. H. Leavis has been the agent for the literature and is largely re- A SUNDAY SCHOOL IN LAPAZ, BOLIVIA sponsible for its successful business operation.

century after Livingstone left Scotland to make Other women leaders who have been very active his first momentous journey to the then almost include-Mrs. John T. Gracey, Miss Margaret unknown Dark Continent, a pilgrimage is planned Hodge, Mrs. Helen B. Montgomery, Mrs. Fredin which thousands of Christian workers from erick G. Platt and Miss Gertrude Schultz (the many lands will trek to Africa, now the continent most recent chairman). The Committee has pubwith the largest actual gain in Sunday School lished forty-eight senior textbooks, besides hymadvance of them all. nals, junior and kindergarten books and a chil- dren's magazine Everyland. The total number of We must not overlook the contribution which Committee books sold number 3,770,947 copies. the spread of the movement in mission lands is Three of the textbooks have been translated into making to the Christian cause ata time when in one or more of the following languages: Chinese, so many parts of the world Christianity seems to Japanese, Tamil, Urdu and German. The books be retrograding. The report for the last Conven- published by this Committee form a remarkable tion, held in Oslo in 1936 (gathered by World missionary library, covering practically the whole Dominion Movement at the request of the World's world, viewed as a Christian mission field.

Sunday School Association), was in many ways the most comprehensive review of Sunday School In one New York public school a recent religious census progress ever compiled. It showed a total Sun- showed that out of 457 "Protestant" pupils only 33 had day School enrolment for the world of 37,285,519. religious instruction in any church school. The New York This is a net gain of 894,579 over the report for Federation of Churches estimates that only one-half of the previous quadrennium. At the same time it the children of the city are receiving any religious train-. should be remembered that in Russia the entire ing under church auspices-Protestant, Roman Catholic or Jewish.

Practical Value of Missions to Pastors*

By PROF. ARCHIBALD G. ADAMS t Chair of World Religions and Missions, Temple University Philadelphia .nA.S A MISSIONARY for twelve years, bO'rn with preachers who are mostly underpaid, as they and bred and almost buried in the mission- see money gQing for unseen, unappreciated needs ary tradition and purpose, I am vitally interested in interesting young ministers in mis- elsewhere while their O'wn needs are sO' painfully sions, even more than I am in securing new re- present and felt. As prQtagonists. O'f the missioncruits for WQrld service. It is a difficult task, and ary cause, they are defenceless against the critifor several reasons. First there is the depressiO'n cisms O'f their people whO' seek every excuse to which has driven many churches tQrO'b Paul, the escape gIvmg. Thus they endanger their popmissionary, to pay Peter, the preacher. An Epis- ularity by supporting missions. copal Bishop was visiting the rector in one O'f the parishes of his diQcese, and as he left his auto- Moved by these conditions and cO'nsiderations it has been my purpose to' be as practical as posmobile he carefully lO'cked it. The rector ex- sible in ,presenting the .subject to my classes in claimed, "You don't need to' lock your car arO'und Temple University. I recall the resentment I felt here, Bishop, we're all honest." "I'm not sO' sure in college on being compelled to take courses that of that," replied the Bishop, "hasn't your church seemed of nO' possible use to me in my life work, been taking the missionary money for current ex- and the joy I experienced in the theological sempenses?" inary because all my studies were more or less geared into my preparation for service. There- SecO'nd, the effects of the Laymen's inquiry re- fQre it has been my intention to present the subport, "Rethinking Missions." Its unfortunate ject of missiQns in the most practical way in order publicity played up the failures of missionary work and soft-pedalled the successes. to' meet the O'bjectiO'ns to' missions and to' meet the need of ,pastors for information and training in Third, the keen competition in the ministry, missionary sermQn preparation. compelling young seminary students to bend every effort to prepare themselves for the demands of The Need for Information About Missions the pastorate, leaves, little time for so unrelated an interest as world missions. From my experience in teaching missions to As a pastor fO'r eleven years, I can sympathize high school students I did not expect to find much with the difficulties pastQrs experience in interesting their people in a subject on which the pas- knowledge of the subject on the part of seminary tors themselves are very slightly informed, and often greatly misinformed. There is hardly a students, but I was not prepared to find so little. subject on which the O'rdinary pastO'r feels it his None had ever heard of Adoniram Judson and duty to preach, or is compelled by his church rules to preach, which he finds SO' hard, dry and lifeless O'nly a few had heard of David Livingstone! At as the missiQnary sermQn. This attitude is naturally reflected in the sermon, and his people come least there would be novelty in the subject for the to' share his attitude. Then, too, in these days, O'f reduced income, one cannQt help sympathizing students, and their surprised delight at finding the subject so interesting was most encouraging.

Their need for information has been met in my classes in the following ways: (1) The history of missions has been made in- teresting by likening it to' a Prayer Rosary. This is an appropriate figure because most religions • CQndensed frQm a paper read at a HartfQrd Seminary CQnfer- use rosaries and the Prayer Rosary is a way by ence Qf ProfessQrs Qf MisslQns, 1938. which Christians have been helping to answer t the'Ir prayer: "Thy KI' ngdom, Corne."The lI'nks TahnQdugfhorI mhaanvye tyaeuagrhs t haadvuelttaBuigbhlet cmlaissssieQsnsmOinore ytQhuanng hpaeIQt pmle'ys f the ChaI'n h ave b een supplI' ed'In the connectI' ng life, 0 summer assemblies, I dQ nOot pretend tOo be a specialist In the field facts of each periQd Qf histQry; each student has Qf teaching. I Qwe my apPQintment tOo the Chair of WOorld RellgiQns and MissiQns at Temple University tOo the fact that I have spent a supplied a pearl in the chain, each pearl being the quarter of a century Qn the fQreign mission field, half as a bQY receiving vivid impressiOons Oof Qld China, and later as a missiOonary critical and atpapkreenciaf trQivme recponosret couft. Itvhee lip. feerloofdssomI.ne fQr 12 years tOo Western China, the rapidly changing China Oof tQday. mi"SSIQnary I attacked my new task at Temple University in the same way in Church history. These reports were read in class which I apprQach this subject, nQt as a specialist in educatiQn, careful tOo Qbserve the laws Oof pedagQgy, but as a missiQnary first, f::dt';~ N~ini~~k ~~~~~:~t!~.~~~ g~sl.eleven years have been spent [405 ]

at their chronological place in history. Each source of great satisfaction. One actually bought report of from 2,500 to 3,000 words covered the for his own library everyone of the eight mis- following points: a brief outline of the mission- sionary books assigned for his reading, after he ary's life; the influences which led him to enlist had read the library copies.. Of Morrow's life and his preparations for service; a description of Judson, entitled "Splendor of God," another of the most worth-while accomplishment of the student wrote in his review, "Thank you for put- missionary ; criticism of the least praiseworthy ting this on the required reading list. It is abso- missionary methods and attitudes; the suitability lutely the most -inspiring and gripping book I ever of his message in the light of present-day stand- read." Another said that missionary biographies ards; lastly, a portrayal of the most inspiring and "had so stimulated his thirst for more" that he impressive characteristics of the missionary. was reading biographies which had not been as- As far as possible each student chose the mis- signed, duri~_ his vacation, for pleasurable in- sionary he preferred; only a few had to take sec- spiration. .Another outstanding senior enthused ond choices. At each of our two-hour sessions over Brockman's "I Discover the Orient," saying throughout the semester a paper was read, taking that it had opened a window to better understand- about half an hour. In spite of a limited mission- ing and appreciation of the Chinese. A serious- ary library, by the end of the semester the stu- minded student wrote: "The life of Adoniram dents had come to know about sixty home and Judson by his son, Edward Judson, challenged me foreign missionaries, half of them thoroughly. with the question, would I be willing to serve They were assigned readings in other missionary Christ at such sacrifice? I thank God for having biographies, besides their individual assignments. read this book, and hope that if such a command (2) The students' need for information was comes I will be found in His will and not my own."

also met by the study of some fourteen mission- Yet another student laughingly declared that he ary magazines. They had to appraise these mag- always left his mission assignments to the last, azines, and classify, giving their reasons. Then because his weariness of mind and flesh from as- they described an ideal magazine that they be- signments in other courses would always be dis- lieved would meet all needs. In this way they in- pelled by the inspiration in his miss,ionary read- directly gleaned much information and learned ing. He would retire refreshed in body, mind and where more could be secured. The examination soul ~rom the stirring information he had secured.

called for a letter to the editor of each student's After making due allowance for a desire to get denominational periodical, making criticisms and a good grade, the character of students making suggestions. such testimonies, convince me that missions, if (3) Information was also imparted through given half a chance, can be made most interesting the eye-gate, both by the professor's own stereop- and inspiring. But the subject must find good ticon slides and, in one course, by the missionary soil in which to bear fruit. It is usually the most slides secured from various denominational head- intelligent, earnest and slerious-minded students quarters, the students delivering the lectures who respond most enthusiastically to the appeal themselves during the first half hour, followed by of the heroic in missions.

criticisms from other students. We must let missions slpeak for themselves in (4) For one course that presented "A minis- the following ways: ter's brief for world missions," information was (1) Reading good biographies of missionaries. provided in lectures and by 'assigned readings.. (2) Reading stories and bi,ographies of native (5) In the course on a "Critique of Modern converts to Christ. Bishop Frederick B. Fisher, in Missions," based on the Laymen's Report, a criti- his testimony to ministers of Buffalo at their ancal judgment was developed to evaluate informa- nual retreat some years ago, said: "When I went tion, and data on the outstandingly successful to India as a missi,onary my heroos were all ,of my missionary enterprises was given to the students own race: Livingstone, Carey and Judson. Now through missionary periodicals. my Christian her,oes are of another race: men In these five ways much information has been like Kagawa of Japan,and Sadhu Sundar Singh supplied in interesting ways. of India, and Sun Yat-sen of China."

The Students' Need for Inspiration (3) Many stories of missionary heroism and sacrifice were gleaned from the lives of my own To save missions from its reputation of being parents and other missionaries I have known.

one of the dryest subjects taught in seminaries it There are books like "Waste Basket Surgery" by was with no little concern that I undertook' to Dr. Gordon Seagrave.

make the subject inspiring to our School of The- (4) A study of Christ's missionary spirit, ology students. That most of them found the teaching and practice as the minister's chief missions courses unexpectedly inspiring was a source of inspiration.

THE PRACTICAL VALUE OF MISSIONS TO PASTORS

The Pastor's Need for Missionary Defence JudsQn's challenge to missionary effort, they grew by leaps and bounds until today they are 90 times At the outset of a course entitled "The Minis- as great (9,000,000) in a little over 100 years. ter's Brief for World Missions," the class was We read that in the Baptist churches in Lincoln's asked to bring in all the criticisms they have home town in Illinois, the majQrity refused to supheard in opposition to WQrld missions. These port foreign missions. Today thQse anti-missionwere met as fully and frankly as possible; then ary-minded churches are practically dead, while a series .of lectures followed which aimed to do the missionary minded churches have over 50,000 two things.: (1) to provide the students with the members in .one ass.ociation. most convincing arguments for maintaining world missions; and (2) to provide them with the foun- What would Sunday school teachers do without dation supports fQr a year's series of monthly ser- missionary stories? mons, which, with topical variations, could last them for a life time. Grenfell's mother was right when she said: "Labrad.or has doOne much more for my son than In selecting the eight most cogent arguments my son has done f.or the Labrad.or." for missions I am aware of what my friend Guy W. Sarvis, formerly a missionary in China, writes If there were no missions in the Christian in his review of Sewell's "China Through a, College Window." There Sarvis says: "The time Church we would have to invent s.omething like has passed to defend missions on the basis of Biblical texts and abstract ethics. They must be them to keep the Church alive and growing. evaluated for their worth to the persons and communities. directly involved as well as for their (3) Because we owe a debt to the past t.O pass significance in international relations at a time on the Gospel to the future. A mother and child, when the world is contracting physically in in East Aurora, New York, attended a missionary airplane tempo, while doctrines of national sep- service. When the mother put nothing in the colaratism are supplanting the ideal of human broth- lection basket, the child said: "Mother, aren't you erhood. The missionary process is essentially one going to pay for me?" Could that mother ever pay of the impingement of cultures, inevitable in the for her Christian home, husband, church, land and modern world, good or bad in terms of concrete Gospel? Never, yet someone had to pay! "The effects." noble army, men and boys, the matIlon and the maid," martyrs and pioneers, all the way back to While we attempt to apply this truth we do not the Cross, where the greatest price was paid, tesabandon the authority of the Bible as part of the tify that "We are not our own; we have been defense of missions, because in the rightly selected bought with a price." G€neral Pershing, when passages we find the support which Jesus Christ he laid the wreath at Lafayette's tomb in France, gave to world missions in spirit, teaching and said, "Lafayette, we are here." Should we not practice. Hence the first argument, practically say to the dead champions of the faith, pioneer the only Biblical one, is: missionaries who gave their all, to Christ and to spread the Gospel we now enjoy: "Pioneers, (1) Because Jesus taught and practised world we are here" ! missions. In this lecture the student is shown, in some cases for the first time, how Jesus gave much (4) Because the sacrifices of missionaries must of His time and effort to preaching to the Gentiles not be in vain. Using the theme of Col. John Mcof His own country. As He was almost lynched Crae's poem: "In Flanders Field": by fellow townsfolk because He said He was going to preach to the Gentiles owing to the Jewish To you from failing hands we throw the Torch; Be yours to hold it high! indifference and unresponsiveness, so the preacher If ye break faith with us who die of today, to be truly like his Master, must expect We shall not sleep, though poppies grow in Flanders field. to meet opposition from unenlightened fellow Christians to the world missionary program. But We read of heroic sacrifices of missionaries, of we must not, for that reason, desist from earnest missionary mothers, missionary children, of pareffort to spread the Gospel. ents at h.ome who have given their children for foreign service; sacrifices.of devoted Christians (2) Because the Christian Church needs world in the h.ome churches, to supp.ort missionaries. missions to keep it Christ-like and growing, by the As Paul said: "I .take pleasure in necessities for challenge of a great task, such as world missions Christ's s·ake." If soldiers, explorers, and scienpresents. "They who live unto themselves, die tists are ready to make sacrifices f.or their coununto themselves." TQ deny is to die, to give is try, why should we not be ready to sacrifice for to live. This is true of churches as of individuals. Christ? Baptists in 1818 numbered only 158,000. But, mainly because .of the spiritual effect of accepting (5) Because we should give of our best to atone for the w.orst we have given. Review of the his- tory of the white man's invasions of colored races -American Indian; African slave trade; parti- tion of Africa; Mexican conquest by Spaniards;

South American conquest; the occupation of In- lined in the previous. headings) so that they can dia, Australia, New Zealand, and other parts of repeat the main theme with variations made effec- Oceania; the semi-partition of China. Albert tive by fresh illustrations. These can be obtained Schweitzer of Africa says: "A heavy guilt rests from missionary magazines. More than forty stu- upon our Christian culture," and he adds that he dents voluntarily took out a year's SUbscription to is there to try to make some atonement. a missionary magazine, and have been enthusiastic (6) Because those who sit in darkness deserve readers of it.

to share in the light of the world. Multitudes Popular magazines also sometimes supply mis- earnestly follow what light they have, though this sionary stories and articles. These are at work is often superstition; many have an earnest in minds of people who never read a missionary hunger for the truth; they are ready to make magazine. Missionary books, especially biog- sacrifices for their own religions; they suffer raphies of nY.ssionaries, are a fertile source of through ignorance, superstition, and wrong. The inspiring illustrations-stories of work, stories of least we can do is to share with them the greater converts, the products of missions. Other good light we have from Christ. missionary literature can be secured from denom- (7) Because when they have the light non- inational headquarters.

Christian peoples often rn,a,ke the best Christians. The suggestion is also made that five minutes While it is all that American Christians can do to may profitably be devoted during the Sunday get an hour or two of religious programs a day morning service to reports on missionary events over the air, the Chinese Christians of Shanghai and progress, under some such title as, "The March have their own broadcasting station and fill the of Missions" or "News Not in the Newspapers."

air with Christian messages all day long. If made brief and pointed, such a feature will edu- (8) Because the kingdom of G,od cannot come cate and inspire the congregations.

fully anywhere until it comes everywhere, and it Good missionary drama is immensely effective, cannot be accomplished without the help of Chris- and suggestions are made as to ways in which this tians of every race and nation. America could can be used. Lists of recommended missionary not be kept "dry" under prohibition, largely be- drama (one is by Rev. La Rue Cober of Colgate cause of wet Canada to the north and Mexico to Rochester Divinity School, Rochester, N. Y.) are the south, and wetter Europe across the Atlantic, distributed to the students and they or their wives so no land can ever beoome fully Christian until urged to try their hands at similar drama. every land has accepted Christ and His way of life. As Lloyd George said to Stanley High: "If The Need for Example and Practice missions fail, the rest of us will have to shut up shop!" , The seminary chapel furnishes an opportunity for the students to hear missionary speakers, as The Need for Missionary Ammunition examples of how (as well as, how not) to preach "The best defence is an offence," militarists tell on mISSIons. One speaker, using stereopticon us. The preacher needs ammunition for mission- slides, unsllspectingly furnished a good opportu- ary sermons and guidance in dropping his bombs. nity for the students to criticize pro and con, in The strategy of the Trojan horse is a wise prece- the light of their class training.

dent for the .general who would take the enemy of Only practice makes perfect. The practice pro- missions unawares. When one student started vided for the students was in sermon construction, his sermon with the bald statement: "This is a and in presentation of missionary lectures with missionary sermon," he was warned that he had stereopticon pictures in the classroom, and sermon made a tactical error before he had a chance to delivery in their own churches.

be heard. Opponents of missions close their ears Sermon construction was after this manner.

and hearts at the outset, while others need not be The professor assigned missionary books on told. The "Trojan horse strategy" is to iriter- which sermons were to be written, then to be sperse sermons with int~resting missionary illus- preached by those students who were supplying trations, occasionally at first, until an appetite for pulpits. Thus they "killed two birds with one such food has been stimulated, and a demand is stone," a feat which students alw'ays appreciate.

created for missionary sermons. Then give mis- Those students who had churches where they sionary sermons attractive, catchy titles, such as could preach the sermons prepared in class, re- Modern Miracles of the Master; Good News from ported impressions made upon their congrega- Far Countries; Saddle-Bay Surveyors of the tions.

Kingdom; Jesus the First World Missionary; At the beginning of each two-hour class half an Are Christians Color Blind? hour was given to stereopticon lectures by the Students are urged to collect clippings and students two at a time, each taking turns prac- notes on each of the arguments for missions (out- ticing the mechanics of running a stereopticon

RELIGIOUS PROBLEMS OF A MIDWEST CITY

lantern, andgIvmg the message. At the close sermons, because they have information and inthe students criticized the presentation and the spiration, and confidence in their ability to put mechanics, before the professor made his contri- the message across. bution. One of the examination questions called for a list of instructions as to the physical, mental Great encouragement to this method of teachand spiritual preparation for the presentation of ing missions comes from the fact that one student missionary lectures to guide the novice. Students was so much interested in his study of the history were also asked to criticize the quality of mission- of missions in the Caribbean islands (on which no ary lectures supplied by their denominational book has been written so that no little research headquarters, and to compose a letter to the au- on his part was necessary) that he submitted a thorities making suggestions. master's thesis, illustrated with handmade maps of every Caribbean island. The assignment had Thus the students are helped to become efficient been for a 3,000 word paper, and the student had in the presentation of missionary material so that not yet graduated. To have aroused such interest they will no longer dread that duty but will look in a missionary subject is one indication that the forward with pleasure to preaching missionary methods work.

Religious Problems of a Midwest City By REV. L. MERLE RYMPH, Wichita, Kansas President of the Ministerial Association and Minister of the Fairmount Community Church, CongregatiQnal W HAT are the religious problems of a Mid- Street and Douglas Ave. According to the story west city? Even a superficial study of of pioneers, Douglas Avenue became the prized facts, made by a casual observer, would business and residence street by a mere chance reveal a series of religious problems in a city like circumstance, in that the cowboy surveyor who Wichita, Kansas. These problems grow out of flung his rope across Douglas Ave. used a 114-foot five contributing social factors: (1) the rapid rope instead of a 100-foot rope as intended. Be growth of the city, (2) the missionary zeal and that as it may, this prairie city developed as most optimism of its pioneer founders, (3) the rapid prairie cities tend to develop in the form of a shift of its population from an agricultural econ- "cross" with the original business center at the omy and life to an urban economy and life, (4) the intersection. Douglas Avenue, being the wider secularization of its common life, and (5) the ex- and more beautiful street, attracted the more perience of chastened optimism during the more desirable business and residential development.

recent depression years. Main Street became the center of industrial de- I velopment north and south, as well as the center of the less desirable business and residential de- In less than seventy years the virgin praIrIe velopment. That fact has had its bearing today has been overlaid with a city population of 117,000 on the types of churches and the success of church residents. In the year 1867 the spot on which the developments in the various sectors of the city.

city of Wichita now stands was vis,ited by a corps In considering the city's phenomenal growth, of government surveyors. and this territory was it is well to remember that the city's growth to a laid out in government homesteads, laying the large extent has been the result of the develop- foundation for the rigid pattern of the City's north ment of the Southwest trade territory. The trade and south, east and west streets. The shallow territory in a very real sense made the city. In ford and the grove of cottonwood trees at the 1871,·800,000 cattle were driven through this city intersection of the Little Arkansas and the Big to the nearest market. When the Santa Fe Rail- Arkansas Rivers was a normal meeting place and road was extended to Wichita in 1872, two mil- trading center for homesteaders. In the year lion dollars changed hands in Wichita in the ship- 1870 the two original town plots, laid out by two ping of cattle. In the next few years most of the pioneers, Munger and Griifensteing, were joined immediate trade territory was homesteaded. By and incorporated as the city of Wichita, fixing the 1885 the Board of Trade in Wichita was adver- two main business streets of the city as Main tising the southwest territory, as "the cream of

the Southwest, . its land as rich as the plains As evidence of the underchurched situation that of Belgium, its breezes laden with the perfume is ours, I submit some facts revealed in a study of wild flowers and apple blossoms as sweet as of Week-Day Religious Education in Wichita as ever blew over Ceylon's isle, . . . its corn fields made by the Board of Week-Day Religious Edustretching mile on mile, which will ere long be cation in the year 1935. That year 10,950 elekeeping rhythmic time to those breezes." Such mentary children were eligible to attend W. D. optimism, such faith in the Southwest, such busi- R. E. schools in the churches, for one hour one day each week. Of these 10,950 elementary chilness and commercial enterprise set the stage for dren that were eligible for such instruction, only the rapid development of the Southwest and in 5,371 were in public schools adjacent to churches turn the rapid growth of the city itself. It is that were able and willing to offer facilities and against this background of individual enterprise, leadership f~. such instruction. Five thousand agricultural and business advance, that the five hundred and seventy-nine other elementary churches of Wichita have functioned until recent children were enrolled in public elementary years. schools either not adjacent to churches or adjacent What has the rapid development of the South- to churches not able and willing to offer this inwest, and the rapid growth of the city, meant to struction to these children. The proportion of the the church life of Wichita? It has reflected itself children that should rightfully be looked upon as in the mood of the churches. The churches expect a Protestant opportunity and responsibility is to grow. They expect to be fed continuously by the transfer of members from the great Southwest indicated by the fact that of the 5,371 who had -hence the success of those churches in the South- the privilege of attending W. D. R. E. in adjacent west as feeders into the church life of Wichita has churches, able and willing to offer them instrucbeen of no small consequence. The churches like- tion, 4,032 accepted the opportunity offered them. wise have expected the wealth of the Southwest The lowest percentage attending from any public to transfer itself to Wichita and express itself in school where the privilege was offered was 84% the building of great churches here. The wealth of cattle, and wheat, and oil has been a major con- and the highest percentage 96 %. These pertributing factor to the financial prestige of many of· our city churches, and not a single established centages indicate the measure of Protestant opchurch continues to function today entirely inde- portunity in Wichita, if only Protestantism was pendent of the wealth of Wichita's trade territory. organized and eager to serve the city, i. e., if the city was adequately churched. In the number of churches that have been founded in Wichita and in the number of Prot- I know that there are those that argue that estant sects and churches that are endeavoring to such things as Boy Scouts, Girls Scouts, and W. D. continue to serve the city, it would appear that R. E. are not necessary features of the church much of the religious faith, so expressed, has been program. I know that there are those who still ill-advised. With the hopeful expectancy that fol- contend that a Sunday church program is suffilows pioneer individual enterprise, Protestant cient. Let me call attention to the fact that Sunchurches were established throughout Wichita day School attendance is not sufficient. I have with reckless abandon. Today we have, accord- only the figures on Sunday School enrolments at ing to the Saturday Church Page, 114 Protestant hand, and could only make a guess as to the regchurches and sects trying to serve the city. The ularity of Sunday School attendance. I would omit the wild guess in favor of the hard, known city may be, as some claim, 80 % Protestant re- facts. The study made in 1935 previously referred to also reveals the fact that throughout the city sponsibility, nevertheless, it would appear that it the average percentage of elementry school chilis beyond reason to expect 114 churches to accrue dren enrolled in Sunday School is only 58ro, the sufficient leadership and financial strength to adequately serve the needs of city people. Many of greatest percentage in any sector being 63 % and the churches are so weak and feeble that whole areas are unserved by the Boy Scout and Girl the lowest being 44 %. . Certainly these percent- Scout organizations. Many other churches make no attempt to set up Week-Day Schools of Reli- ages leave a clear picture of the underchurching gion because they feel themselves too weak in of Wichita by our present program of Sunday leadership and financial resources. Still other religious education through our Sunday Schools churches carryon very inadequate and low-grade in these 114 churches. Sunday programs of religious education and worship. Wichita is now underchurched because it A study of the relative childhood responsibiliis overchurched with inadequate church organiza- ties of neighborhood, subcenter, and downtown tions. churches is still more revealing. The same study referred to in the above paragraphs reveals that it took four downtown churches with a total mem- bership of 8,900 to care for 1,284 pupils in the Week-Day Schools of Religion. The study also

shows the fact tha.t at the same time three sub- ties. Right now the sense of competition exceeds center residential churches with a total member- the sense that is ours of cooperation in meeting ship of 1,750 were caring for 341 pupils in Week- our common religious civic responsibility. Day Religious Education. More surprising still is the revelation we find in the studies referred to, The Influence of Sectarianism that three outlying re!>idential churches of 1,400 total membership were supplying Week-Day Here one may face frankly the heritage that is ours of our frontier missionary zeal in the Religious Education facilities for 601 pupils. establishment of denominational and sectarian Certainly the cost of Week-Day Religious Educa- churches. On the Saturday Church Page of the tion and the leadership of these schools is not Wichita Eagle the 114 Protestant congregations very equitably divided in the system of W. D. R. E. are listed under 36 different denominational and as it now stands in Wichita. I understand that sectarian captions. I suspect that this listing since 1935 two of the downtown churches have minimizes the actual number of sectarian groupaccepted the responsibility of helping finance and ings. Protestantism in every city has its myriad types of churches and Wichita is no exception. promote schools in outlying unserved districts. All home mission boards in the early days were Yet only one-half of our elementary children are offered these opportunities of religious instruc- eager "to possess the land" and to gain their tion. Surely no one will deny the fact that a greater statesmanlike churchmanship must be ex- rightful place in this metropolitan center. A pressed if Wichita children are to be offered this study of the Saturday Church Page reveals that minimum of religious instruction. the individual with the most rare and sensitive taste should be able to find the congregation of In a Midwest city like Wichita, all churches his choice here. We have our defenders of the are accessible to the adult population on Sundays. faith and we have churches' most tolerant and lib- From the most distant outlying point the down- eral. We have rigid sectarian churches and we town sector can be reached by bus in 15 minutes have churches that practice intercommunion as and by car in 12 minutes. The Sunday program well as open communion. We have our highly liof churches then is highly competitive and. each turgical churches and our non-liturgical churches. church finds itself in real, though friendly com- We have national cultural churches transplanted petition with every other church in the city. The from European scenes and we have typical Amerbigger downtown churches have the prestige of ican churches. We have country churches that years, of central location, of greater numerical have merely moved to town and we have highly and financial strength, and of a more highly paid ,adapted city churches. We have the more regular staff. The outlying residential church has the typ,es of Protestant churches like Methodist, Bappower of neighborhood appeal, the social power tist, Presbyterian, Congregational, etc., and we of contiguous and intimate family and age-group have a more or less irregular list including Penterelationships, and the warm spiritual appeal of costal, Tabernacle, Mission, Spiritualist, The- osophy and Unity. We have churches that insist intimate understandings. The subcenter residen- on being known as Trinitarian and one that above tial churches, many of them, face the area of all things is' Unitarian. Then beyond Protestantgreatest human need as' indicated by juvenile de- ism are the seven Roman Catholic churches and linquency, transciency, low rents and divisive the one central Roman Catholic Cathedral. Bereligious competitions. Having served for 11 yond this the two Jewish synagogues, the orthoyears as pastor of the Fairmount Community Con- dox and the liberal, with which some measure of gregational Church, a residential church five miles fellowship exists through the local Round Table from the heart of the city, I am most familiar of the National Conference of Jews and Chriswith the adaptations that such a church must tians. make, majoring in its community responsibilities The problem of fellowship and cooperation in throughout the week, without minimizing those such a myriad situation at times becomes a most opportunities that remain for intensive religious baffling one. Some of the more recept questions work on Sunday. For my own part, I ch,eri@the that ,ha:v/il come up in cooperative church fellowspiritual heritage that is ours of religious''iree- ship cit.cles are these: "How can church groups dom, with the right of people to worship and;;erve work odt an effective cooperative publicity and wh.en and where they choose; but I do hope t.hat promotioriprogram?" "Just what churches should along with recognition of that freedom as Prot- be represented in the Council of Churches-more s,pecificalIy, are churches such as "The Reorganestants we can so enhance our sense of shared ized Church of the Latter Day Saints" and "The social and religious responsibility that the needs Unitarian Church" sufficiently like-minded and of residential, subcenter, and downtown churches alike in faith and practice to be welcomed into the will be adequately met, that these several types of churches may fulfil their God-given responsibili-

fellowship of these already in the Council?" churches which were thriving churches in 1888 "Just how far and in what way should the Prot- were so depleted in 1892 that the only way they estant ministerial group share its fellowship with could see their way clear to carryon was to merge the Liberal Jewish Rabbi, who is most fraternal their forces into one church. Some churches have and eager for greater fraternity?" "What part been left stranded, located in the center of illshall Protestantism play in championing the reli- advised real estate ventures that failed to work gious rights. of minority religious culture groups ?" out. Other churches have been made by being Finally this most perplexing modern problem: located in the center of rapidly developing resi- "How can the radio time offered by the two broad- dential territory. In the main all those churches casting stations be most equitably and effectively located in good time in the heart of the "city divided among the various religious groups within cross," north and south, east and west, have the city?" If the reader of this, article is inclined grown by leaps and bounds regardless of their to feel that these questions have no real signifi- denomination~t affiliation. The only churches to cance, it would be well to sit in on some of the exceed them in growth have been those first estabconferences where these items· are inadvertently lished and centrally located downtown near the and unexpectedly brought to the fore for solution. heart of the business sector. Location means Here they must be faced as factual and emotional much to a church. Nowhere is this more evident realities. Sometimes the emotional factor is the than in a growing city like Wichita, with its varymajor factor. The religious problems that now ing types of residential and industrial developcome to a focus in this post-home missionary ex- ment schemes. pansion period are the problems that arise out of the Babel of sectarians that insist on their rights Just a word about the mind-set of the people of being heard on the city's streets, yet are more who move from the farms to Wichita, for to a or less desirous of finding their unity of expres- very large extent the city is made up of those who sion with others at the point of common under- have moved here from its trade territory. The standing and purpose. population is homogeneous and, for the most part, native American stock. Some come from the rural The Changing City Populations area, crowded off of the farms either by the mech- anization of those farms or because of the fact In dealing with the religious. problems that that the families have been too large for homearise from a shift from an agricultural economy stead farms to support all members generation and life to an urban economy and life, many things after generation. They come to Wichita full of come to my mind, but I shall limit this treatise expectancy and hope, expecting to be absorbed in merely to those problems which arise out of real the industrial and commercial life of the city. estate promotion schemes and those that appear Many of them do find their permanent place in the in the mind-set of the city man, recently trans- work life of the community. Some rise to high planted from the rural to the urban scene. places in civic and religious leadership. Others are absorbed in the city's industrial and commer- When one begins to study the different real estate promotion schemes that have had their day cial activities for a time only. Many are "let out" in Wichita, one begins to suspect that at least in at 45 and younger. Then it is that the sense of this respect Wichita has just grown up "like lostness and conscious maladjustment seizes them Topsy." Many subdivisions of the city have been and they suffer severe disillusionments, growing sanely promoted and have come as a normal result out of their own false hopes and the inadequacies of the demands of a growing city. Charts made of our modern city civilization in making perfor the city planning commission as early as 1923 manent room for them. One could not catalogue indicate some 23 different city plots that were the personal, the home, the social and the spirannexed, undeveloped, tax delinquent, and va- itual difficulties that the alert pastor must face in cated. Since that time many of these have been the fulfilment of his day-by-day pastoral duties, reannexed and developed as residential sectors. ministering to city dwellers today. The burst of the real estate boom in 1887 was purely a resultant of wild land speculation that One tremendous opportunity that the city brought a stalemate to city growth for ten years. church has today is the religious opportunity of Fifty church fammes from one church group influencing various professional groups through alone moved their residence from Wichita to the channels of religious inspiration and counsel. Eureka because they thought it offered more se- This seems to be the growing edge of the church's curity for their religious colony, and a more per- responsibility in civic life. So much of the work manent location for a denominational school of the Christian pastor in these days must be done center. The church of which I am now pastor as a professional religious adviser on the city came into being in those years, when two young streets and in the marketplace. Jesus found the condition quite different in the temple of Jeru-

RELIGIOUS PROBLEMS OF A MmWEST CITY

salem and on the streets of the Holy City from inadvertently. Adults are caught today in the what it was on the plains of Palestine and along throes of diversified and competitive Sunday pulls, the quiet shores of Galilee. The city pastor today, until Sunday for many has become a nightmare, likewise, finds the demands of the city quite dif- instead of a day of rest and worship. Schools, ferent from that of the more distinctly rural field. particularly universities, tend more and more to Religious work in the city must be adapted to the use Sunday for extras such as rehearsals, open highly specialized interests represented in city house and public concerts. Recreational groups life. The churchman in the city must face with and institutions, particularly those heavily com- courage and vision the demands of the city and mercialized, make their appeal more and more to adapt the work of his organization to the meeting Sunday crowds. Certain industries and commer- of those apparent spiritual needs, if the church of cial enterprises feel that they must open Sundays, the city is to have transforming and redemptive and the fact that people, including some church power. The city religious worker, today, who is people, patronize these businesses would indicate true to his trust, will face fearlessly as Jesus did that there is a public demand for Sunday open- the clannishness, the bigotries, and the self-suffi- ing. Then as a more recent development is the ciencies of privileged city classes, as his Master growing practice of professional and civic groups did before him. Likewise, he will follow the foot- to use Sundays as their big days for opening and steps of his Lord in entering sympathetically into closing their festivities. One divisive pull alone the problems of the underprivileged, the confused, would not be so devastating to the work of the and the harassed individuals who walk the city churches-but the aggregate of all these divisive streets without a real sense of security and "at pulls make it most difficult for churches to carry homeness." The spiritual service man renders to on consistent and constructive work on the day common humanity is still the best indication of that was once recognized as the Lord's day, and man's divinity. the day of the church's major opportunity.

The Secularization of Life What is the church to do about the seculariza- tion .of Sunday? Some churchmen are militant The secularization of contemporary urban life about the situation – and seek legislation, safemanifests itself in a number of ways, but no mani- guarding the Lord's Day for church purposes, festations of that secularization are more signifi- particularly certain well established hours. Some cant in the demands upon the city church for are troubled in the face of the situation-and seek urban adaptation than those that grow out of counsel. Some are intensely serious in the face (1) the secularization of Sunday and (2) the secularization of youth's sense of relative values. of the situation and are seeking ways to make Sunday more meaningful and ways also to sup- The secularized competitive usages that city plement th,e church's Sunday work with mean- people are bringing into their week-end and Sun- ingful week-day activities. Who is there who day experiences handicap the work of city does not recognize the gravity of the situation churches more than any reader of this article fully realizes. The chart made by the Week-Day sufficiently to realize that the church's one day of Religious Education Board reveals the percentage major opportunity has been and is being ruth- of attendance of elementary children in attend- lessly dissipated by many thoughtless and needless ance at Week-Day Schools of Religion in 1935 and competitive usages? Easter Sunday, our churches . in Sunday Schools for the same year. The aver- were crowded to the doors. One member of the age percent for Sunday School attendance stands regular Sunday worshipping congregation was at 58.70, ranging from 44% to 63%. The average heard to remark: "This shows how many people percentage in attendance at the Week-Day can go to church when they really want to."

Schools of Religion, 90%, ranging from 84% to I wonder just where are we going, and what 9670 in the different schools. Many factors enter are we going to do next Sunday, and the next into the fact that a greater percentage go to Sunday, and the next. In Wichita, we are for- W. D. R. E. than to S. S.; among these factors tunate enough to have both a board of education are "clothes," "the gang spirit," and the fact of and a city council that are sympathetic to the "no collection"-all in the favor of the W. D. R. E. church's problem. The publicly owned buildings school-but beyond these factors is the factor of Wichita are not open to the public on Sunday that parents. do not take the children away from for commercialized, competitive programs. Some the public school and the W. D. R. E. school for professional groups have given consideration to picnics, visiting and rural outings-as they take the church's need of a real opportunity to carry them from the Sunday School and the Sunday on its constructive and creative work by recog- worship program of the church. nizing Sunday as primarily the church's day. In But children are not the only ones who have the the main, however, it must be confessed that the influences of Sabbath observance taken from them problem has not seriously been faced by most in-

dividuals and groups within the city that should to be as group- and class-conscious as the Chamber be most concerned. of Commerce. A city-planning commission has been working since 1923 to effect a more whole- The other aspect of secularization I feel led to some city life. In times past the problems of face is also most real-I refer to the subconscious Wichita have been problems of its youth, exsecularization of our youth that takes place when pressed in growing pains. The problems today youth is educated only in and by our public school are the problems of middle age. Day after tosystem. Such education, valuable as it is, alone morrow they will be the problems of age. Right is not enough. The public schools, the high now interest is being manifest in filling in the schools, and the municipal university in this mid- gaps in city development by encouraging the erecwest city are so big, that the youth program of tion of diagonal streets to the four corners of the our churches appeal to the youth as too small and city. One of these has already been constructed, insignificant, unless the youth program of our terminating 'tlJt the airport. Another, soon we individual churches really does for these youth trust, will terminate at the Municipal University. what no public school, no matter how big, can ever Individual, unrelated real estate promotion do. Life to be healthy and whole must be under- schemes are giving way to city plannng and cogirded both by an adequate religious faith and an operative promotion enterprises. One cannot lisadequate religious experience in real spiritual fel- ten in at Democratic meetings these days and hear lowship. The church that meets this two-fold the words "the present recession" and at Repubneed will have the loyalty of its youth. The lican meetings and hear the echo, "the Roosevelt church's opportunity seems to be in those small depression," without feeling that the buoyant ingroup and age fellowship organizations where a dividualism of the past is really giving way to a type of religious. work and experience is nurtured sense of chastened optimism and perhaps also a quite comparable to the experience and work sense of somewhat restrained social responsibility. Jesus shared in the intimacies of fellowship with His disciple band. This likewise is true of the The Church in these days is caught up by the Christian Youth Council and the "Y" organiza- mood of the times. No great church buildings or tions. cathedrals are now being built in Wichita. No church is rushing into. new territory. The Council Looking Into the Future of Churches is not reaching out to take advanced ground with the boundless enthusiasm of the days I began this paper with an expression of bound- of its youth-yet it is conserving its status and less optimism, growing out of the consciousness it is undergirding itself for real work ahead, as that Wichita has been a rapidly growing city, are many of the churches. The Council of from the time of its founding until now. A new Churches grew out of a sense of shared church factor, however, has come into our common ex- responsibility some 18 years ago. The principle perience in more recent years. These depression of unrestrained individual church freedom had and recession years have disciplined our minds as Wichitans, as it has the minds and spirits of men run its course, and through the vision and courage and women the world around. Weare beginning of men like A. A. Hyde, Wichita's chief philanto recognize that the problems we now face and thropist, and Ross Sanderson, Wichita's pioneer are destined to face in the future will be more cooperative statesman; the Council of Churches difficult and baffling, for they will grow out of a was organized on a sane and constructive basis. more static situation. We already have one-fifth Last fall the National Preaching Mission conof our population on relief-in that we are one ducted in Wichita demonstrated the increased with our nation. Our sense of self-sufficiency has spiritual power that is released within a city like been somewhat broken in recent years as we have Wichita when churches join wholeheartedly in watched great dust clouds roll in from the South- united Christian effort. The growing sense of west and· as we have watched government agency interdenominational interrelatedness that is ours after goVernment agency established with head- today is a powerful and latent spiritual force quarter§: in our city for the relief of those in need undergfrding the churches for better days ahead. of govenhment subsidy. Kansas wheat farmers, historic~1ly individualistic and independent, have The future is uncharted. Spiritual needs will sensed their dependence and their interdepend- forever manifest themselves as real and all-com- ence, and have been learning to cooperate to pelling: The spirit of the Christ in the churches forward common interests and welfare of the com- will forever rise up to meet those needs. Just so .mon weal. Then, too, group- and class-conscious- long as the church, as "the body of Christ," emness has been growing within the city itself. bodies His Spirit and adapts itself to the changing Under the Wagner Act, labor g"roups are coming needs of the city, just so long will spiritual transinto a consciousness of group needs and bid fair formations take place and Christ's redemptive power wiiI be felt in the life of this midwest city.

I Believe in Jesus

I I~.- –tijf By GENERALISSIMO CHIANG KAI-SHEK* of China · AITH and superstition are two entirely dif- did he receive a so-called higher education. He ferent things. We must all realize that super- was born in an ordinary home of the laboring class, the son of a carpenter. Because He per- Pstition is not faith, and that those who really have faith will not wander off into vulgar super- ceived that His nation was on the verge of ruin, stition. If a man lacks faith he can accomplish that Abraham's seed was about to be destroyed, nothing; nor can he accomplish anything if he He courageously decided to undertake the arduous admits superstition into his life. Men nowadays task of restoring His nation; He dedicated him- often regard faith as superstition, and supersti- self wholly to the cause, and resolved to struggle tion as faith, and because the two are confused, sacrificially for the salvation of his people; more those who oppose superstition also discard faith. than that, to save all mankind. So He led his fol- We should all know that the success of any lowers throughout the land, and by means of enterprise means that faith is indispensable. In preaching and healing, and through His divine these days when principles are in eclipse and de- wisdom and His unequaled power to present the sires run riot, when government is torn up, when three great themes of truth, righteousness and the people are suffering, and the nation is strug- life, He awakened His nation, He led His people, gling in disaster, how can we be saved from un- to bring about national revolution.

paralleled calamity unless there is vigorous faith Social Significance of the Gospel and confident assurance of victory? On the one hand we must break down all superstition, and Second, believe in Jesus because He was a leader on the other hand we must all the more exalt a of social revolution. The causes of a nation's de- cline are indeed many, but failure to remedy, by positive faith. For example, if we can believe in orderly change, the people's economic life is one the "Three Principles" first enunciated by Sun of the chief causes of national downfall. So who- Yat-sen, we can go and practice them. Because ever would promote a national revolution must we firmly believe the truth and righteousness. of first completely eradicate the ignorance, the corthe "Three Principles," we fear nothing. And ruption and the disorders of society, its selfishness this psy;chology of not being afraid, this spirit of and greed; then with a new spirit he can build fearlessness, comes from faith. up a new life, abundant, expanding and ascending. Thus he will seek the emancipation of His people. Jesus the Revolutionary First, believe in Jesus because He was a leader Jesus attacked with all his might the evil forces of national revolution. When Jesus came to earth. of His day; He tried with all His power to over- the Jewish nation was daily growing weaker. It come its pernicious mores. His purpose was none had suffered the full measure of insult and oppres- other than by means of His leadership and ideal- sion from the Roman imperial authority. From ism to deliver His submerged people out of dark- history we can see that the Jewish people, stag- ness so that they might become a new people. He gering under the violence of their enemies, were laid the foundat'ions of social revolution.

no different from cattle and slaves; all liberties Third, believe in Jesus because He was a leader had been taken away from them and all power put of religious revolution. Jesus saw the rottenness into the hands of Romans. At that time not only of religion in his day, the evil customs, and per- could Jewish national independence show no re- verted beliefs; the leaders one and all cheated the sistance, but even the will to resist had vanished. people, and imposed on them their false beliefs, Fortunately, at this point in the course of events seeking only their own selfish profit. Autocracy in Jesus Christ was born. the Jewish church, and the hollowness of its rit- He was not a scion of the nobility. He was ual, pained and deeply grieved Jesus. He recog- without temporal position and worldly power; He nized that unless the perverted beliefs and the did not grow up in a home of wealth, and still less hypocrisy were done away with He could not re- * A radio address broadcast fronl Hankow, China, ,on Easter eve, vive His prostrate people, and still less could He spread abroad and exalt the true spirit of religion. April 16, 1938. Translated into English by Prof. Warren H. Stuart So He constantly rebuked those who vaingloriof the College of Emporia, Emporia, Kansas. Reprinted from The Chl'istian Century.

[415 ]

ously prayed at street intersections; he vigorously China and C~ristianity opposed those who in the name of religion would Now look at our nation. Suffering the last hundeceive the people-evildoers who undermine so- dred years from the corruption and weakness of ciety. He cast out the traders and overthrew the the Manchus, its condition bears striking resemmoney changers' tables; by means of a parable blance to the situation in Jesus' day. He exposed the wicked husbandmen, brought to book the wicked tribute-eollectors, and rebuked Sun Yat-sen, cherishing love for God and man, the covetous capitalists. suffused with the revolutionary spirit of Jesus, and motivated by universal love, followed the path All these efforts were solely to lead his people of revolution for forty years as if but for a day. out of darkness into light, from defeatism into With utter self-sacrifice He sought freedom for active struggle, from riotous living into decency, the Chinese people. At last in 1911 the Manchus' from greed and corruption into frugality and holi- imperial rule was overthrown, and the Republic ness. This work of reforming religion and cleans- of China broul'ht into being. Thus was the work ing away its evils – how important it was, and of national revolution achieved. what a Herculean task! How daringly and decisively, and with what utter abando~, Jesus en- As Sun Ya.t-sen's successor, I look ahead into deavored to rescue the Church and SOCIety of that the consequences of the people's revolution and day from its myriad ills to awaken the masses think over the causes of our present spiritual defrom their ignorance! So Jesus was a leader of pression, I firmly believe that in seeking to bring religious revolution. national recovery and social progress, we must advocate Jesus' spirit of universal love and of Love the Law of Life sacrifice. I feel that whatever one does, whether As I constantly study the basis of Jesus' revolu- dealing with men and situations, or commanding tionary spirit-where it was actually rooted-I and carrying on the government, in all forms of feel that the basis lay entirely in His spirit of love. service, only love and peace are the foundations of He a.imed by this spirit of universal love to expel human life; and struggle and sacrifi·ce are a revo- lutionary's duty. This was the attitude of Jesus. the wrong thinking of men, to abolish their unj ?st This was my meaning on a former occasion when systems, to make it possible for everr man to .enJoy his God-given rights, and the blessmgs. of lIberty . I said, "Until peace has become hopeless, never and fraternity. Jesus felt that "all within the forsake peace; when sacrifice has become necesfour seas are brethren," so he wanted men to sary, then sacrifice without reservation." draw near and love one another, sharing in time During the last few years, whenever at leisure of trial, helping one another in time of illness. from pressing duties, I have been promoting a Between nations He wanted to promote peace and social movement which has produced some wide- spread results. I refer to the New Life Movejustice, so all his life He opposed v!olence and ?I?- held fair dealing. He always cherIshed the SPIrIt ment. I am well aware that in this movement the of mercy, and helped the weak. His ~ords an.d superficial aspects may easily be emphasized while deeds manifest at every point the realIty of HIS the heart of it is neglected; it is easy to stress its universal love, and His spirit of revolutionary material phase, while overlooking its spirit. Now I have something new to add: that is to say, self-sacrifice. Because Jesus desired to fulfill His heaven-ap- if we are really going to practice the new method of living, not only must we have a new spirit, we pointed mission to save mankind, h.e held. fast to must have a New Life. This new life must have an indomitable resolve, an unwavermg faIth; He Jesus' spirit of universal love, and His determinamaintained an attitude of perfect good will, even tion to sacrifice Himself; only thus can this qualat the cost of life itself, not hesitating to sacrifice ity of new life be obtained. all so that his courageous. heart might struggle to th; end. And even when He faced the cross, with In brief, the spirit of Jesus is constructive, sacits unparalleled torture, he still remained un- rificial, holy, true, peaceable, forward-looking, full moved, unshaken by his trials. He maintained of eager striving; and it is revolutionary throughsupreme loyalty to ideals and duty, supreme mag- out. My fellow countrymen, let us cherish the nanimity toward friends. and comrades. Such de- idea of a "new birth"; let us maintain the resovotion and sympathy are the more precious be- lution of "sacrifice." Let us hold Jesus as the goal cause so difficult to attain. Then see Him nailed for human living; let us keep the mind of Jesus high on the cross, asking His heavenly Father to as our mind, the life of Jesus as our life. Let us have mercy upon His foes because of their igno- bravely go with Him to the cross, to seek the everrance. Behold how limitless is His spirit of uni- lasting peace of mankind, and the renewal of our versal love! nation of China.

Jesus' creative revolutionary spirit is founded The economic mess in which the world finds itself today just on this, His spirit of universal love. is more a mess of sin than a mess of economic ignorance. ·-Professor John Baillie.

Transformations in West

By G. C. BEANLAND, Nkolmvolan, Cameroun.

THERE is warfare which is far more subtle out, then carry them to their towns where they and engaging than any military campaign; are planed and prepared for these new buildings the warfare carried on between the soldiers and for attractive furniture. Others are learning of the Cross of Christ and the hordes of evil in the art of burning brick and tile, with which they all parts of Africa. Here is the great adventure are constructing very durable and serviceable for the Christian Church. It is a difficult task to houses. Still others are learning to build houses overthrow the evil, superstitious practices of with mud walls, which, when whitewashed with paganism and supplant them with the truths con- white clay taken from the beds of the streams, cerning God, man, and nature. The missionaries' make very attractive houses. part in this great work is that of teacher of hand, Another change is noticed in the dress of the head, heart and health. His work is never done. He must be continually on the job and no matter people. Our Industrial School conducts a tailorin which of the four categories of mission work, ing class in which young men have been taught industrial, medical, evangelistic or educational, to make clothing like that worn by the white man. his work lies, all his talents must be engaged all After an apprenticeship of sufficient time, these young men graduate and, on returning to their of the time to be able to see hts cherished plants towns, set themselves up as "village tailors" and grow and flourish. very few of them suffer from idleness as they Cameroun Colony on the West coast of Africa, have all the work they can do for their towns- where the work of the American Presbyterian people. Chauffeurs and mechanics are trained in Church is carried on, is a mandated colony under our Industrial School who are in great demand to the care and protection of the French Govern- care for and drive the many motors which have ment. It was a German colony prior to the great been brought out by traders and government World War, and after the war was mandated to officials. In order for these motors to function France. Mission work was greatly hampered and properly, of course, there must be good roads, impeded during the struggle but the natives were and the old trails of former days have given way led to realize our great dependence upon God and to modern gravel roads threading the country and His protecting power over all of us and we suf- connecting the different administrative points and fered comparatively little during those terrible days. Changing regimes brought about many commercial centers. Our medical department ad- ministers to the many sick people who are broug~t changes in our mission work but we adjusted in to our hospitals from all the regions round ourselves to the new government and we have had about, so that the natives who are suffering from very cordial and sympathetic relations with the the various tropical diseases can have medical French administration since their occupation of attention. This is bringing about a great change the colony. in the health conditions of the country.

Certain changes are noted in which the mission Since the introduction of our mission schools, and missionaries have had some part since the which at first had a very skeptical reception, work of the mission was established along the there has been noticed quite an intellectual change West coast of Africa about fifty years ago. One among these people. They are a people of marvelnotices today new and attractive homes of some ous memories, keen perception and very vivid of the natives which are being built along the imagination. They are not such philosophers as motor roads of the country. The young men have are the sons of Shem and Japheth but they are learned in the carpenter shops how to saw the nobody's fools. They have a very rich storehouse planks from the great timbers of the forest and of folklore and traditions and much of their how to build their homes with these planks. Not past is to be known only as one draws it out of being able to haul their timbers to the sawmill, the older people in conversation. To introduce they resort to the primitive method of digging a our schools to them we had at first, of course, to pit and rolling a section of the log over the pit reduce some of their language to writing as they ancl with large saws laboriously rip the planks have never had any method of writing or record- [417 ]

ing their language. It has been merely handed of the hardest fields of the mission. He and his down from father to son through countless faithful wife were sent far away into the heart generations. After the first translation of some of a very heathen tribe and there they established parts of the Gospel, and after the school children a home and set up their family altar. Soon word had become able to read and write their own came down saying "I have one convert." Later language, the schools took care of themselves. on he gained others and slowly he built up a little Word spread to many of the tribes that the mis- nucleus of believers about him. Other evangelists sion was able to teach the children to read and were sent up into that tribe because the people, write and soon schools were asked for by many of through the influence of this first evangelist, be- the chiefs of the different tribes, until today our gan calling for them. Finally it was deemed ad- schools are scattered throughout the entire area visable to establish a church in that tribe and of South Cameroun, even to the border. today there is one of the strongest churches in Not only did we give them our schools but we Cameroun in "hat locality, which was formally have given them a literature. At first the Gospels a superstitious, pagan, cannibalistic tribe.

and Acts were translated and later the whole of Another young man, Ze Esim, is a very lovable, the New Testament was given to them in their Christian character. He came to us from one of own language and put into the schools as a text- the older mission fields and was placed in the book. Now we have about finished the translation center of a very wicked tribe as there were a few of the entire Bible. Other literature, such as boys there who were inclined towards the things Pilgrim's Progress, school books, pamphlets for of God. Ze scoured the country round about and distribution in the towns and a monthly· news attracted scores of children to his school where sheet are some of the materials which have been he saturated them with the Gospel and taught gotten out on our well equipped Halsey Memorial them verses of Scripture to carry away in their Press. The printed page is going into the homes hearts. Opposed by some of the old heathen men, of most of the people who have learned to read he would preach to them and pray with them until and it is having its effect of spreading the news several of these men came over into the camp of of the Kingdom of God into many parts of the Ze's God. "Pray for me," wrote Ze, "as old land. Satan is trying to tear up my work, but I know Besides the physical changes and the intellectual that if I am faithful and persistent, Christ will change of the people we notice a spiritual change give us the victory for has He not said, 'Lo I am as well. These Bantu people are animistic and with you always even unto the end of the world.' "

have nothing in their faith that we may class as Craving more learning and a better way to preach a religion, but there is a superstitious fear of the Word of God, Ze is preparing himself for the the Great Spirit (Zambe) who made the world pastorate. With such a spirit he is bound to win and peopled it. There are many lesser gods and many more souls for the Kingdom of God.

their idea of worship is only some method of On such men as these, whom we can number appeasing the wrath of the Great Spirit or of by the scores, we are depending to build up the these lesser gods by sacrifice of fowls or animals; Kingdom of God in Cameroun. It is told that the consequently the old Jewish custom of sacrifice authorities in one of the African ports desired to as an atonement for sin has a special appeal to build a wharf alongside of which ocean-going them. We have, however, sought to teach them vessels might tie up and discharge their cargo of the great sacrifice made once and for all for and take on other cargo, so they ordered great those who believe in the strong Son of God. This timbers from Europe. These timbers were sunk Good News has laid hold upon thousands of these into the mud at the mouth of one of the big rivers natives and for them there is joy and happiness and their wharf built upon them. Soon the ter- in the new found life in Christ. Young men and mites began to eat into these timbers and they women are turning away from their old fetishes crumbled away into the river. Then the authori- and are giving allegiance to the Man of Galilee ties went into the great forest adjoining and cut who "came not to be ministered unto but to min- down some of the fine old mahogony trees, squared ister and to give His life a ransom for many." the logs, and, bringing these down to the coast, There was a fine young man who entered our sank them into this same mud and built their village school. He came from a very pagan tribe wharf upon them. There they stand because they and, by persevering in his studies, progressed are indigenous to the country and the termites rapidly and later asked to be admitted to the theo- cannot destroy them. The foundations of the logical school. He was a bright, inquisitive fellow Church of Christ are strong and we have faith to and tried to carry out the instructions of his believe that the faithful, Christian men and wom- teacher very faithfully. He was noted for his en of Cameroun will withstand the ravages of all piety and prayerfulness and when licensed by the destructive agencies for they are built upon Presbytery to preach, he asked to be sent to one the solid Rock.

A MOSLEM FEAST IN GOLDEN BANQUET HALL OF IMAM RIDA

The Story of Meshed, a Sacred City y the REV. DWIGHT M. DONALDSON, -.<!Ii{ Meshed, Iran A.uthor of "The Shi'ite Religion",. Missionary of [ : the Presb'yterian Church, u. S. A.

THE modern province of Khorasan has an area This is the third largest city in Iran and lies of 150,000 square 'miles. This is a little less about as many miles east of Jerusalem as Rome than one fourth of the entire area of Iran. lies to the west. Among the Jews of the Disper- Its population, notwithstanding its vast stretches sion, who returned to their homes after Pentecost of desert, is about equal to that of the fertile prov- with the marvelous news of. the risen Christ, were ince of Azerbaijan (1,500,000). While in Azer- Parthians, liedes and Elamites, and dwellers in baijan, in the northwest, American missionary Mesopotamia. It must have been shortly after the work was begun as early as 1835, in Khorasan, writing of the great report of St. Paul's mission- the large province in the northeast, bordering on ary jour~ys and preaching in Rome, that other Afghanistan and Turkestan, there was no mission believers, 'such as the Apostle Addai and Tatian, work established until the opening of Meshed in made their way East with the Christian Gospel.

1911. This is the largest and most significant pil- We know that before the overthrow of the Par- grimage city in Iran. Preliminary itinerating thiandynasty in A. D. 225, there were more than journeys were made by American missionaries in twenty Bishoprics in Mesopotamia and in Iran.

1878, 1894, and 1905, and finally in 1911 Rev. Furthermore, at an Eastern Council in A. D. 424, Lewis F. Esselstyn, D.D., was ,sent to occupy delegates came from the distant cities of Nisha- Meshed. pur and Herat and Merw.

[419 ] electro nic fil e created by cafis.org

In spite of the severe persecutions of Christians which has acquired this significance because it by the Sassanian kings, there were still communi- has been taken from near the tomb of the Imam ties of Christians in Iran at the time of the rise Rida, whom he trusts as his Friend, his Guide, of Islam in the seventh century, but the power of hi~ Mediator, and his Master.

the old Sassanian Empire was completely over- It is believed to be a special advantage to be thrown, and the forces of Islam pushed rapidly to buried near the Imam, in order to rise along with the East. Arab influence swept across Iran and him on the Judgment day, and be thus rated Afghanistan and on to India. Devastating wars among the friends and supporters of the Prophet and famines followed, so that by the time of Mohammed. Accordingly, for nearly a thousand Harun aI-Rashid (who died A. D. 786), who years, high prices have been paid for cemetery showed marked hostility to his Christian subjects, privileges near the grave of the Imam. For ages the remote communities of believers in Khorasan were almost wiped out.We read that Christian camel caravans have wended their way on long doctors took part in meetings that were held for desert j ourne~' that ended in Meshed, and frereligious discussion before the Caliph Ma'mun quently, in addition to their loads of merchandise, early in the ninth century in Merw. they have brought the bodies of good Mohamme- dans who died in distant places but who had ex- The Imam Rida pressed the wish to be buried in the great ceme- tery here. It is the custom also for corpses to be Harun al-Rashid's last military expedition was carried in solemn procession around the Imam's to quell a rebellion in Khorasan, but when he tomb before burial. About this tomb successive reached the city of Tus he fell ill'and died.' He kings of Persia, (Iran) have built a magnificent was buried in a garden sixtl'len miles away, and . shrine, with a dome and minarets of gold. Behis son Ma'mun moved on. .with the troops. to side ·it is. a, mosque, with a still larger dome of Merw, where he established his capital and main- tiles of turquoil?e blue. The sacred center of the a tained the authority of the Abbasid Caliphate in city is thia;;shrlrte;area. Devout Moslems stop as the East. Ma'mun made what he thought was a they cross st:reetthat leads to it, and bow to- politic effort to unite the great schism in Islam be- wards its resplendent golden dome.

tween the Sunnites and the Shi'ites by designating Changing Time as his heir apparent to the Caliphate the highly esteemed lineal descendant of the "prophet" Mu- A new day has now come in Meshed. On the hammad, the Imam Ali al-Rida, who was the other side of the city from the tomb of the Imam, recognized spiritual leader of the Shi'ites. This but with money from the Shrine endowments, a expedient proved to be exceedingly unpopular large modern hospital has been erected. The gov- among the Sunnites, however, and when the army ernment is systematically administering Shrine was on the return journey to Baghdad, it is said funds for public welfare, and among the efforts that the Imam Rida fell ill from eating grapes thus subsidized is a school for boys, with an im- that had been poisoned. As he died during the posing building that resembles the main building days of the encampment at the tomb. of Harun al- of the American College in Teheran, a curriculum Rashid, the Caliph Ma'mun had him buried with for 12 classes and an attendance of over 700 boys.

conspicuous honor at this place, in the garden of There is a similar school for girls, all in the name Sanabad, which later came to be known as the of the Imam Rida, with money exacted from the mashhad, or place of martyrdom, of the Imam Shrine authorities by the government.

Rida. Meshed~The Shrine City In order to accommodate automobile traffic the streets of Meshed have had to be widened, and to In the ravages of the Mongol invasions in the the amazement of everybody a great thoroughfare thirteenth century the city of Tus was destroyed, has been cut directly through the famous old cemeand a new city gradually grew up aro~nd the tomb tery on the north side of the Shrine, and hundreds of the Imam. This was the city of Mashhad, of the flat tombstones were used to pave the new which foreigners have come to call Meshed. sidewalks. Stories were told of miracles of healing through After ten years of work; in rented houses, the prayer in the name of the Imam, or through drink- missionaries in Meshed secured the present coming water mixed with dust swept from the tomb. pound of something over fourteen acres. It lies The very clay from the garden was reported to inside the city and is within view of the Shrine. have magic powers, and tablets of it are regularly used in the ritual of the daily prayers. The wor- Formerly it was land used for truck-gardening shiper lays the clay tablet on a cloth or prayer-rug but now there are trees and lawns and it is known that lies before him, and in the prescribed pros- as "The American Garden." It was purchased at trations he touches his forehead to the sacred clay, forty cents a square yard, but now it is appraised at four times as much.

THE STORY OF MESHED, A SACRED CITY

On this land there are five missionary resi- the Mission compound. It has enrolled a small dences, a fifty-bed hospital, and an elementary but homogeneous group of boys, in spite of serious school for boys. At the entrance to the compound opposition from Moslem parents .and the keen there is a Reading Room, which is a center for the competition of government schools. The reasons sale and distribution of evangelistic literature, for the existence of Mission schools, both for boys with a room where individuals come for Christian and for girls, are at least as strong as the reasons instruction. Another small building, near the for such schools in any other city in Iran. There football field, is used as a recreation center. is no other mission school within a radius of al- Medical work was begun in 1915, in a rented most six hundred miles. Well within that circle Iranian house, with one doctor and no trained as- lies the great province of Khorasan, with a fourth sistants. After steady development there is now of the area and about a sixth of the population of a well-planned hospital with good modern equip- all Iran, and including about a dozen smaller cities ment and trained workers. In addition to the tens that would send some of the best of their boys of thousands of patients who have been treated in the base hospital at Meshed, many more thousands have been helped on itinerating trips to other cities in the province of Khorasan. In 1924 a trip was made to Herat in Afghanistan and an- other a few years later.

Patients include many Iranians, Turks and Afghans, as well as some Indians and Arabs, Rus- sians and other Europeans. The great majority are Moslems, but there are also Jews, Hindus, Sikhs and Christians, as well as some who have no religious belief. It is the aim of the hospital staff that all should receive loving care in the name of the Saviour of mankind. Many pilgrims to the Shrine also come to the "American Chris- tian Hospital," and when they return to their far- off villages they sometimes take with them, not only gratitude for physical improvement, but a new spiritual hope.

The hospital also provides medical care for lepers who live in a village two miles outside the city. This is the only organized work for lepers in all Iran. There have been some actual cures from the dreaded disease, and treatment almost always stops its progress and relieves acute suf- MOSQUE OF THE BLUE TILES .aT ME'SHED fering.

The hospital maintains a standard of medical and girls to Mission schools in Meshed if they work that may serve as an example to the na- were developed so as to have boarding departtionals as they build their own hospitals. To co- ments, a secondary school, an industrial branch, operate with the Iranian doctors there are med- and such other facilities for work as would be ical conferences and public health meetings to commensurate with the strategic location and the stress matters of hygiene, sanitation and pre- unique opportunities of Meshed. ventive medicine. Infant and maternal mor- tality, though slowly decreasing, is still appalling, The Church in Its Khorasan Environment and much attention should be given to the instruction of mothers in child-care, midwives should be The fresh-water streams of Khorasan disappear trained, and constructive public health programs in the great salt desert, for they flow from the should be inaugurated. Along with this growth upper plateau into the central depression, known are even more favorable opportunities for the as the Great Kavir. This may serve as a parable presentation of the Christian message of hope of much missionary effort which seems to have and salvation. been in vain. New converts from Islam may show Christian educational work was begun on a a kind of ecstasy and enthusiasm while they are very small scale, with classes in two hospital among the hills of vision, but too often their rooms; then the school moved to a rented building Water of Life seems to be lost as they come down and finally in 1929 a good building was erected on to the problem of making a living in Moslem SQ- electro nic fil e created by cafis.org

ciety. For several years the number of converts as their Saviour, may give more effective testiwho have been kept together in the Church group mony in their present occupations. Those Chrisin Meshed has been made up almost entirely of tians who are artisans and small tradesmen must those to whom the Mission or missionaries have be able to withstand petty persecution and boybeen able to give employment. Happily some of cotting and win their way by honesty and forthese have rendered faithful service and have bearance to recognized Christian influence. made progress in Christian living, but in the case of others, when Mission employment has not been It is said that the horses of Khorasan, the faavailable their loyalty has waned. mous Turkomans, have by adaptation to their environment become "bony and clumsy-looking At the present time there are significant changes quadrupeds, with marvelous power of endurance." in the social life in Iran and we believe that the The camels of Khorasan also are celebrated for time has finally come when it is altogether pos- their size and strength. "They have very long sible for Moslems who have become Christians to hair and beat"·cold and exposure far better than find employment without working for the Mission. the ordinary Arabian or Iranian camels, which With industry, foresight,· thrift, patience, and carry only 320 lbs., whereas the Khorasan camels other virtues that make for Christian stamina this will carry from 600 to 700 lbs." In like manner can be done. Nevertheless, these Christians, in it is greatly to be desired that the converts from their capacity as pioneer missionaries among their Islam in Khorasan, and likewise the missionaries own people, need much sustaining love and prayer who are sent to this distant province, will so adapt that those of them who became Christians as themselves as to take root as Christians in this young men in mission schools may continue to be difficult environment, and in consequence may known as Christians in the cities where they go develop exceptional powers of endurance with a to work and that those who were patients or help- strong faith to carry cheerfully extra-heavy ers in mission hospitals, and who accepted Christ burdens.

A Church Serving the Whole Community By the REV. WILLIAM C. MUNDS, Corpus Christi, Texas f3.- Rector of the Church of the Good Shepherd ,:' of splendid educational buildings and parish houses closed from Sunday to Sunday. That is I N VIEW of the communal life upon which so- why the Church is often looked upon as purely a ciety is organized and in view of the service one-day-a-week institution. In the use of its equip- ideal which undergirds all Christian activity, ment, the Church must lose its smug, ecclesiastical the whole community is the definite responsibility life in the effort to have the spirit of Christ per- of the Church. If this be not so, the Church has meate every phase of our every-day life. The no reason nor excuse for its existence. Church must become an integral part of the life of man. In assuming responsibility for the whole One of the outmoded concepts of the Church's community, the Church must set up a compre- mission is that the Church is merely a preaching hensive program. This will vary in different station. According to the Gospel record our Lord types of communities, therefore we shall suggest preached very little, but he did a great deal. The a variety of activities in the hope that those in- Church should concern itself less with words and terested may find some helpful suggestions. more with deeds. The work of the Church in the ; foreign field for the past quarter century is a con- To begin with, the Church needs to understand crete illustration of this method. its community. This can best be accomplished by careful survey to determine the community's We must also cease stressing the importance of needs. Many splendid programs have failed for denominational loyalty to the exclusion of a pri- the reason that they were conceived without any mary loyalty to Christ and His way of life. This reference to actual conditions. Since the trend larger view is necessary as one cannot think in today is in the direction of highly institutionalized terms of community interests if he is first forced programs, the temptation is strong to make our to hurdle denominational barriers.

Church buildings must serve community needs. It is nothing short of a disgrace to see thousands

A CHURCH SERVING THE WHOLE COMMUNITY

churches beehives of activity. But little is accom- The crux of the community problem is here. It plished through such activity unless it effectively is not possible to raise the general moral level of a serves a definite purpose. The wise minister will community until the basic causes for juvenile know his community. That is the first step. delinquency are eliminated. It is utter stupidity and neglect of duty to assume that the general In making a survey, it is also necessary to know moral tone of a community can be improved until the assets of a community as well as its liabilities. more attention is given to the underprivileged There are usually agencies doing splendid work groups. Leadership for such work should come both in the character building and in the general from our churches. health field. The Church should use these agencies and bring people in contact with the organizations The city slums constitute a terrible indictment best fitted to serve their needs. It is a sinful against the Church, for often individual church waste of energy and money for the Church to members are responsible for the continued existduplicate work already being done efficiently by ence of such areas. Every social study reveals others. Our communities need today wise social the downward pull of the slum areas upon the engineering, and the Church can make a valuable moral tone of a community. The slums are the contribution in the field by supplying the initia- breeders of every known type of crime, and they tive and leadership. must be eliminated before civilization can be pulled up to higher levels. That is a responsi- Responsibility Toward Youth bility of the Church.

But there are many other contributions that the The Church and Moral Evils Church can and should make to the life of a community. The list that we shall discuss will not be The Church, being responsible for the whole comprehensive, but merely suggestive. The most community, must assume some obligation for the important phase of the Church's responsibility for evil conditions, as well as for developing the the whole community is towards its youth, and forces that are good. It is fallacious reasoning to being responsible for youth, the Church must as- assume that God will be satisfied to receive a sume the responsibility for the whole life of youth, chosen few into close fellowship with Himself social and recreational as well as religious. The and not be concerned with the multitudes who, prevailing theory of Christian workers is that if because of unspeakably bad social conditions, are youth is given proper spiritual foundations, other outside the circle of His divine society on earth. phases of youth's life will take care of themselves. Christianity is not only a personal religion, it But such a theory does not work, for youth de- is also a social religion which touches every area mands more than religious training. A whole- of life. As our Lord so trenchantly said, "I am some, social and recreational experience is needed not sent but unto the lost sheep." and if the Church does not supply it, the youth will go elsewhere to find it, and much of the com- One of the most degrading and injurious elemercial, social and recreational activities offered ments of any community is prostitution. This sin to youth is unwholesome, even harmful to char- only encourages the beast in man, destroys the acter. The time has come to face this situation idealism of youth, harbors the criminal, spreads frankly and inaugurate a youth program which gonorrhea and syphilis to a degree which is alarmwill provide wholesome social and recreational ing, but it injures the home and takes toll· in huexperiences as well as religious. training. man life that is enormous. Far from protecting virtuous womanhood, prostitution threatens her An increasingly large number of parishes and life and happiness. Whenever it is abolished, sex congregations are now conducting socials for crimes are reduced to a low level and the moral young people with splendid results. Other forms tone of the community is raised. Nothing is acof amusement may also be provided: girls' and complished by merely publicly protesting against boys' basketball teams, choral societies, young the existence of this institution. Far better for people's service leagues, dramatic clubs, Boy the churches to employ trained experts to handle Scouts, Camp Fire Girls, and a score of other ac- the situation. Prostitution can be removed from tivities that not only fill a real need but also serve a community and it is the Church's duty to help to tie young people closer to the Church.. remove it.

In thinking through its responsibility for the If it is true, as someone has said, that "it is the whole community, the Church must also minister duty of the Church to always concern itself with to the underprivileged groups. There are chil- the social problems that harass humanity," then dren and young people who need the Church, but the Church should instantly concern itself with who belong to the group not often welcomed by the divorce problem, a problem that is threatenthe Church. Admittedly, there are very real prob- ing the stability of the American home. Christ lems presented, but such problems can be solved. cannot be a dominant factor in homes that are

being broken up by divorce. Here again preach- viding the young people with wholesome social ing will accomplish little. The roots of the divorce and recreational activities. Desiring t{) meet this problem lie deep and the Church must adopt a need, at least in part, the Church of the Good c{)mprehensive educational program if construc- Shepherd, Episcopal, decided to build a Parish tive results are expected. Since marriage is a House. Several civic-minded citizens, who were serious undertaking, greater care must be used not members of the Episcopal Church, petitioned in preparing young people for it. If ministers the Church of the Good Shepherd to allow this everywhere would refuse to perform a ma.rriage building to be used by the whole community. The ceremony until they were convinced that the con- Parish was immediately faced with the question tracting parties were well qualified to undertake as to the Church's responsibility to the whole the venture, many hasty and ill-advised marriages community. would be av{)ided. An increasingly large number of churches are offering courses for young people After carefully considering the problem, it was on "The Preparation for Marriage, Home and decided that t'he community's needs must be con- Family," with surprisingly good .results. The sidered before parochial needs. A separate cortime is near when such courses will become a poration was formed, and an Operating Board recognized part of every Church School cur- was also appointed which included members from riculum.* practically every church in the city. While it is not officially an inter-church project, yet it is an Then there is the field of mental health. Every evidence of the splendid cooperative spirit which clergyman is now called upon to deal with people exists among churches of this city. who need the services of a psychologist or a psychiatrist. While he may be able personally to The Corpus Christi Civic Center is a building handle some of these cases, yet most of them will dedicated "To God for Youth." That is its prineed the services of experts. By putting those in mary purpose although it will serve a variety of need of this type of service in touch with the uses. proper agencies, the Church gives evidence of its concern for every form of human need. Some The building has a large auditorium seating churches have sponsored mental health clinics about 500 people and a stage for amateur drawith excellent results, especially where there is matics. It will be an ideal place for lectures, conno other agency doing this type of work. certs, and particularly socials for the young people. A fully equipped kitchen will serve 200 How One Church Served the Community people. Offices are provided for the Camp Fire Girls, Y. M. C. A., and other agencies. The base- It may prove helpful to relate how one Church ment contains a handball court, shower baths and accepted responsibility for a whole community locker rooms, free clinic for indigent children, a and is seeking to fulfil its obligations. game room and two parlors where various civic clubs may meet. A survey of the city {)f Corpus Christi, Texas, revealed a deplorable lack of facilities for pro- While this building will in no wise be able to serve the needs of the whole community, yet it is • Some communions require their clergy to give some type of a step in the right direction. There was a need. instruction to all those who apply for marriage. Individual The Church felt a responsibility to meet that need ministers of many communions have long offered such courses to and then did something about it.

prospective brides and bridegrooms. Few clergymen, if any, are In Corpus Christi there is another communal project. The missionary societies of six different qualified to give technical instruction on sex matters, but in every churches support and manage a Community Mis- sion in the Mexican section of the city. Each large city there are maternal health clinics available for such .pur- church is responsible for the religious services poses. In smaller communities progressive physicians will be glad conducted at the Mission for one month at a time. A trained Christian worker is soon to be employed to cooperate. Also there are splendid books on marriage that will to work among the people of that section.

prove helpful to those who read them. Every clergyman should have Each Church, as has been said, must study its particular community, and work out its own such books in his library to lend those who are to be married. program.

Obviously, none of these services can be rendered so long as the Church and her clergy refuse to assume a responsibility for dealing with this problem. The Church has an obligation which is some- thing far greater than actually performing the marriage ceremony.

Many communions realize the seriousness of this problem and are taking steps to safeguard the stability of the .home. At the last General Convention of the Episcopal Church a measure was intro- duced forbidding any clergyman of that communion to marry any couple until they had presented him with a certificate of health which included a Wassermann test against syphiIls. The measure was defeated by a small majority and wl!l undoubtedly be passed at some subsequent convention. The home is an institution which is vital to every community. Sinee the Church sanctifies the mar- riage relationship, it must help to make it a more intelligible and a more harmonious relationship. W. C. M.

Too many Christian bodies of various kinds are spending more time and effort today in winning members one from the other than in winning souls from the darkness of the King- dom of Evil.

Christ Found a Mexican Colonel*

This is the story told to Rev. N. W. Taylor, of Mexico City, by Colonel Rodolfo Curti V., formerly an army officer and then chief of Traffic Department, Police Force, Mexico City. Now he is on the Military Headquarters Staff, the Garrison of Mexico City.

TWELVE years ago, when stationed with my carrying out this commission that I received the regiment in the Mixtec region of the State of commendation of General Calles. I received praise Oaxaca, I was taken very ill and in my suf- also and promotion for my part in the organization fering, my thoughts naturally turned to my young of the Traffic Department and for other things wife and our four-months-old baby, who were done in the interest of the welfare of the city.

then in the city of Puebla. As I became worse I But then came disillusionment! I resigned from cried to God, asking that he spare me to them. the Traffic Department and for a time it seemed Finally I sank into a state of coma and the people that I had been forgotten by the Government in the village thought that I had died. I was pre- which I had tried to serve faithfully. I was even pared for burial and surrounded with candles. tempted to commit suicide. This was God's op- After some hours I regained consciousness and portunity.

sat up, causing terror among those who were in One night I dreamed that I was hurrying down the room at the time. a narrow, dark, tortuous street. I met a group of It was thought that the only chance to save my people and inquired, life was to take me as quickly as possible to "Have you found Him?"

Oaxaca City for an operation. But the village, "No," they replied.

where I lay sick, was four days' ride from the "Then let us seek Him together," I answered.

railroad and, as, the heat was intense, it seemed We threaded our way along the narrow street impossible for me to make the trip unless they for an interminable time it seemed and our anxiety could keep ice packs on me continually. But there increased every moment. At last we turned a was no ice in this mountain village nor in the dis- corner and saw in front of us a figure sitting on trict. The General commanding the State advised a low bench in front of a closed door. His head us by telegraph that he would send ice from the was resting on his hands but as we approached he city as rapidly as possible, but it was questionable looked up and I recognized Him as Christ. His whether any ice would last long enough to get me face shone and His hands and feet glistened like to the city. The first day, while we were waiting mirrors. I fell on my knees before Him; and all for the ice, a heavy cloud overshadowed the part His goodness, from that day in the Mixtec village of the town where I was lying and hailstones, so when the hailstones fell, flooded my memory and great that they killed chickens and turkeys, fell I burst into tears.

heavily for some minutes. The people hurriedly I awoke crying and the burden of my ingrati- filled sacks with the hailstones and I was placed tude and sin seemed unbearable. For the re- in a litter and the journey to the railroad began. mainder of the night I could not control myself I recovered but so great was my unbelief I forgot and continued crying like a child. When morning my prayer to God and ascribed the hailstorm to came I was like one in a daze. I could not even mere chance. remember the name of my only daughter whom I A few years later, when stationed in Guadala- love dearly. This condition lasted for three days.

jara, I was passing an evangelical church and I was in an agony of grief and sorrow and walked heard them singing "Nearer My God to Thee." up and down my living room or in the garden for Something seemed to grip my heart and I could hoursi at a time, crying, "My God, help me. My not restrain the tears. However, feeling that such God, help me."

emotion was unworthy of an army officer, I hur- Then I procured aNew Testament and began ried away. Later, my wife and I attended a serv- to read. Still no light or peace came. At last ice but did not understand the message. there came to my mind the words of the hymn I Then I was called to Mexico City to aid my Gen- had heard in Guadalajara and I remembered eral in the reorganization of the police force. At where there was an evangelical church in the city.

that time it fell to my lot to superintend the clos- I attended a service without getting any peace.

ing of all the Roman Catholic churches in the city I went a second time but still could not understand on the 31st of July, 1926. So zealous was I in the Way of Salvation. On the third occasion the * From The Philippine Evangelist, May, 1938. speaker was giving a Bible study on sin. As the [ 425 ] •

different sins were written on the blackboard I The following Sunday was Easter. We atsaid to myself, "Someone must have told about tended the morning service at which we learned me," for it was a perfect description of my condi- that some new members were to be baptized that tion. At the end of the meeting an invitation was evening. After prayer, my wife and I decided to given and I went forward. As I knelt there at ask to be received into the church in order to make the rail to my joy found my wife was kneeling our public confession and thus cut all that bound beside me. That night the pastor of the church us to the old life. That evening we publicly took led us into the Light and peace came into our our stand for Christ. In the four months which hearts. have passed since then we have been experiencing the truth of Paul's "If any man be in Christ, he Then came a great struggle. To go on with is a new creature; old things are passed away; Christ meant breaking with the old life. Christ behold all things are become new." All things must be all or nothing. There could be no half- have become l1oriously new for us and we are hearted surrender. But what would be the re- seeking to follow His Will. suIts? Would it mean losing position, rank and friends? I walked up and down my garden fight- *** ing it out and then like a flash there came to my mind the words, "Be of good cheer; I have over- The only knowledge Colonel Curti had of the come the world." I hurried into the house and Gospel story was through a very slight contact called my wife. with Roman Catholicism, which, in Mexico, em- phasizes a suffering or dead Christ, not a glorified "It is all settled," I said to her. "Christ has one. How was it that in his dream he saw a resurovercome the world and nothing can touch us ex- rected and glorified Christ? cept as He wills." From that moment we have tried to give our all to Christ, to do His will each Today Col. Curti is active in personal work day and have determined not to let a single day among the military and political leaders of the pass without trying to win one soul for Him. country.

Enlisting the Privileged to Help the Underprivileged By the REV. SAMUEL E. WEST Rector of St. lames Episcopal Church, Wichita, Kansas T HE sort of church of which I am rector is alike repeat the words too glibly. I have caught easily labeled as "privileged" by the news- myself talking to children about their privileges papers. They revel in announcing "A fash- and urging them to realize their responsibilities ionable wedding of socialites in the swank, to the underprivileged, and then wondering if in exclusive Episcopal Church on the HilL" It is a so doing I was not actuaJly aiding and abetting form of reporting whioh is exasperating to say the the subtle process of creating snobs.

least. By the same token there are still many people As a matter of fact this congregation represents left in the land 'who, despite the fact that they have been up against it, are senSitive and have a a cross-section of substantial middle-class business lot of self-respect; they by no means wish to be and professional people, with a fringe of wealth classed among the "underprivileged." Would it and another fringe of poverty. One of my faith- not be much better to use a good old scriptural ful laymen is a WPA worker and another is a expression, such as "we that are strong ought to janitor working for $60.00 per month. We have bear the infirmities of them that are weak." It eighty employed women and girls in a communi- is true that there are in all of our cities many cant membership of seven hundred. strong self-supporting parishes and likewise many weak, struggling, mission churches. By all of Personally I am inclined to think that we over- the precepts of the Christian religion, the strong work the phrase, "privileged and underprivileged." Religious leaders and social workers

ENLISTING THE PRIVILEGED TO HELP THE UNDERPRIVILEGED

should do all in their power to help the weak. The ago, when churches were having a hard time raisdifficulty which most of us experience in enlisting ing their budgets, we were discussing missionary the so-called privileged is probably due to the ab- quotas. One of the Vestrymen said, 'I don't see sence of the personal element, rather than to any why we should continue to send money to the other factor. This is true in regard to the mis- Chinese when we are so hard up ourselves. Why sionary enterprise and to the great programs of not forget missions until times are better?" I social welfare. To many people, missions and said to him, "Would you apply that same prinphilanthropy today seem to mean programs and ciple to our own Bishop and his program in the quotas rather than personal service. Something Diocese?" He replied, "No, dog-gone it, we can't must be done to remedy this condition. let the Bishop down. I wish I were not so fond of him; then it would be a lot easier to cut out During the recent Lenten season we tried an our Diocesan Assessment." The man knew, of experiment along this line in the Diocese of Kan- course, that the Bishop was vitally concerned sas. Bishop Wise suggested that in all of the about his mission clergymen and their congregaparishes and missions we conduct a series of mis- tions. Sometimes I ask myself if I am really in sionary book reviews. I invited six women to earnest in appealing for the missionary enterundertake these reviews and a number of men to undertake a similar task for the Men's Class. We prise. Do I really care about the advancement of have had such noted personalities presented as the Kingdom, or am I motivated rather by paro- Bishop Schereschewsky, Bishop Hare, Dr. Albert chial pride? We all need to ask oUI'selves ques- Schweitzer, Bishop Franklin Spaulding, Bishop tions of that nature. We can appeal, plead, cajole, condemn, denounce, argue and quote Scripture by Talbott, Dr. Grenfell of Labrador, and David Liv- the yard, but if we ourselves are not thoroughly ingstone. In every case both the men and the converted to the cause of missions all of our pulpit women who undertook the task have, I think, been thumping will fail to produce results. The telling thoroughly converted to the cause of missions, and of a story of missionary endeavor and personal I believe that they were able to communicate their adventure is more effective in enlisting the interown enthusiasm to the others. The lawyer who' est and support of the local congregation than all reviewed the life of Livingstone made the most of the high-powered arguments of ecclesiastical complete commitment to the cause of missions, at spellbinders. the conclusion of his review, that I have ever heard from a layman. The woman who was to tell But I wish to tell about the relationship of this about Albert Schweitzer happened to be in New parish to a struggling congregation of colored York the week before her review was scheduled, Episcopalians in the city. It may not be common and had an interview with Madame Schweitzer knowledge that we have no separate denominawho was in America at that time. This woman tional organization for colored Episcopalians. had accepted the assignment rather reluctantly as They are under the same jurisdiction, are reprea '~church duty," feeling it would be dull and tire- sented in the same Diocesan Convention, are some but she kept the .other women on the edge of their seats when she told the story. To "per- confirmed by the same Bishop and many of their sonalize" missions, philanthropy and the relation ministerial candidates attend the same Theological of the strong city church to the weaker mission Seminaries as the white Episcopalians. Conseis a difficult undertaking, but in some way it must quently the relationship of the mission for colored be done. The well-to-do members of our churches people in this city to the two self-supporting white are, I believe, no less generous than they used to parishes is just the same as that of a mission for be, but they are more careful. They have lost white people. At the present time these colored much of their own security and some of them feel Episcopalians are fortunate in having a priest of that they are contributing a good bit to the under- their own race, but from time to time during privileged through taxation. However when I years past they have been without pastoral overhave a personal problem which must be presented sight except from the two white rectors. It has as such, I find that the purse strings are open. been my privilege for several years to minister to Recently a young man in my parish was ordered this congregation but it is not of this pleasant by his physician to move to another climate. He personal relationship I wish to speak. was almost entirely without funds and appealed to me. I, in turn, appealed to two laymen over We have in this parish four licensed lay readers, the telephone, and within five minutes the neces- all of whom, with one exception, have served an sary amounts were forthcoming. apprenticeship in conducting services at the col- ored church. The Daughters of the King, a group One of the important factors in "personalizing of women who have charge of altar work, from the need" is the personality, enthusiasm and sin- time to time have supervised the colored women cerity of the leader. One evening several years in the care of their own altar and finally organ- ized a similar group for them.

,In our parish we have a tradition that we thought in helping to solve the problems of this carryon no money-raising activities for the sup- weaker mission church. Our aim has been to port of the parish by dinners, bazaars, rummage- avoid pauperizing the mission congregation. sales or anything of the kind. The one exception Their membership of not more than fifty is made is that once a year the women give a Musical Tea, up of school teachers, chauffeurs, porters, domesthe proceeds from which are sent to the Bishop tic servants and some business men. But their for support of missionary work within the Dio- greatest need is not for money but for personal cese. On two occasions several hundred dollars leadership and genuine friendly interest on the from this source have been used for the support part of the stronger white congregation. They of the local colored congregation. The women of are now approaching the time when they can soon the parish also help the colored women byemploy- support themselves, but they will continue to look ing them to serve possibly half of the parish din- to their many friends in this parish for guidance. ners given in this parish. Incidentally t~s cooperation has undoubtedly helped to ease the tension which so frequently Three years ago this mission congregation was exists between the two racial groups. in great need of a parish hall, for their ramshackle structure was about to fall to pieces. They took Whatever success we have had in this respect the matter up with some of us in this parish and is due to the enlistment of so many of our white we were able to secure a loan from the American laymen for personal service to the weaker congre- Church Building Fund and also a temporary loan gation. Had it been our policy simply to make a from the Bishop of the Diocese. These loans were grant of money each year to the colored brethren, made on condition that the people themselves raise very little would have been accomplished. The a certain amount, namely, $500.00, in about eight most intensely personal story in the New Testamonths. I shall never forget a day when the ment is the parable of the good Samaritan. In committee from the mission church met me in a that story we are told that the Samaritan, who local bank with the $500.00 in hand to apply on was undoubtedly a privileged person, when he the note. When the time came to build the parish came to the man who had fallen among thieves, hall one of the members of our white congregation did several things of an intimate personal nature donated his services as a contractor and gave a -"He saw him, he was moved with compassion, great many days to the supervision of the work. he came to him, he bound up his wounds, he Later another layman, an architect, gave his time poured on them oil and wine, he set him on his in further improving and beautifying the church own beast, he brought him to an inn, he took care structure. Another member of my congregation, of him." And after all of that he told the inna lumber dealer, has helped very generously in keeper that he would stand good for the expenses their purchase of supplies for the church and the and would come back to see how the poor fellow parish hall. was getting along.

Last year the vestry of the mission church ap- It is that sort of thing which we have largely pealed for help and we appointed a committee to lost in these highly specialized modern days. give them what leadership we could in conducting Somehow we must recapture the method of pertheir own Every-Member Canvass. The joint sonal service both in religious work and in social meetings of the two committees have been held in welfare, and when we do recapture it, I am conmy study and again I find the business men of my vinGed that we will have no difficulty in enlisting own parish are willing to give of their time and the privileged to help the underprivileged.

MORAL OR FINANCIAL DEPRESSION?

Many plead hard times as their reason for failing to support the Church and to give to benevolent causes. As a matter of fact, Government reports show that income is not a cri- terion of the gifts that may be expected. In the year 1936, taxable incomes in the United States increased 30 per cent over the previous year, but for the same period contributions for religious education and public welfare work decreased. The United States Treasury statis- tics for 1936 show a total declared net income (exclusive of tax exempt income) of $19,069,- 137,719 as compared with $14,212,403,587 the previous year. The contributions reported for the same year amounted to only $388,142,000 or about 2 per cent of the taxable income. The highest percentage of contributions to charity ever recorded by the Treasury came in the darkest depression years (1930-1934). On the gross incomes reported to the Government, the contributions amount to less than 1.8 per cent. Contributions through the churches in 1936 were less than at any time between 192'0 and 1934, being 40 per cent less than they were in 1928. Moral depression is more difficult to overcome than financial depression.

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II Effective Ways of Working 'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MISS GRACE MCGAVRAN, INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA ~~=================~~ How Awaken Interest BOOKS ON CHINA of its civilization. Its pictures in Books? HOUSE OF EXILE, by Nora range from the old court to mod- ern factories. A study of the missionary li- WaIn – a very sympathetic picbrary at the church was discour- ture of upper class country life That is enough to give an exaging. Old books; out-of-date in China, by an American girl ample of what was done. Sevbooks; books that not even the eral women have taken to readmost ardent missionary worker who lived for a while as an ing widely the library books on could call interesting! Worst of adopted member of the Chinese the subject of whatever country, all, fifty women supposed to do family. Read it for contrast race, or nation is being studied. missionary reading and no with Pea r I Buck's "Good The mission study books proper, money to buy new books. Earth." and books of missionary stories worth buying have, conse- Here is what the group lead- LIVING CHINA, by Edgar quently, had behind them a much ers did. more fundamentally prepared Snow – translations of modern group of readers than was pos- The few interesting, recent Chinese short stories, written sible before. and worth-while boo k s were pulled out. There were new and published in China for home Even where the public library members in the group who had consumption. They contain some d.oes not have much that is modread nothing. They could start things you will find it hard to ern, there are chapters in recent with these. books which may have decided stomach. But here is modern China, in at least some of its phases, as seen by the Chinese themselves. Read it to help you Four people were asked to buy decide whether China has any bearing. For example, in Dr. for themselves and then loan to real need of the Christian mes- Heiser's "Oddyssey of an Amerthe missionary society one each ican Doctor," the chapter on lepof the best new books bearing on sage and Gospel. rosy and the colony at Culion, the subject of the current Philippine Islands, is excellent studies. HO-MING: GIRL OF NEW background for a consideration CHINA, by Elizabeth Lewis (chil- The public library was ap- dren's library), a story which of missions to lepers. you will find interesting light proached, and a committee of reading, to give you a picture of Kn.owledge awakens interest. capable women chose and read young China in transiti.on. Read For a club paper many a woman those books which seemed to it because you want to know will read background books for have promise of being at least something of young China in the months. Why not as much for good background books; i. e., terms in which young people a talk in the missionary society? those which in addition to beirig read of each other. The deeper the knowledge, the vivid, interesting and accurate, WHAT AND WHY IN CHINA, by deeper the interest. gave a picture of home, school, Paul Hutchison – an answer to town or country life; or a back- the puzzle which modern Chinese How Get New Members ground of the country, race, or history is to most of us. Clear, One young women's missionnation; or, an interpretation of concise, and interesting, though ary group has an unusual prothe people; or, a picture of their very brief, it gives us an excel- portion of new working-memneeds; or, any other specific lent summary.of China's politics bers. They have a sort of unpresentation which would give to 1927. Read it for clearer written rule that no one is ever women a background pattern understanding of some of asked to join their missionary against which their program China's present difficulties. society. Instead, a prospective talks and considerations would LOTUS PETALS, by Princess member is asked to come as a stand out. The very best of der Ling-most interesting com- guest to one of the regular meetthese were listed. ments on va rio u smatters ings; she is greeted as a guest Mimeographed sheets, bearing Chinese by one who was first- of the one who has brought her, the following sort of informa- lady-in-waiting to the old Em- and is treated as such. She is tion, were given out at the early press Dowager. Read it so that asked by the same person to fall meeting, where background you may see China through Chi- come again, perhaps not next reading was stressed. nese eyes in yet another aspect time, but soon. She is welcomed [429 ]

as a visitor for as long as she ship plays when· well produced. the draping of the graceful garwants to come. Then, as she becomes a familiar guest, she is We also know how hard it is to ments of India. asked to help with this or that. And then, sometime, quite cas- discover from the printed de- Why not secure, in your disually, she is asked if she would like formally to join the group. scription of a play just what trict or state group, a demonstra- If she does join, it is because effect it will have. And even tion program of plays and dramshe knows the group, likes the fellowship, is interested in the after reading a play it is a bit atizations, suitable for use durmeetings, and has done some work in connection with them. hard to know what impression it ing this next year? It should be She knows, through regular reports and minutes, about the will give. held at least a month before such educational and financial aims of the group, and is already taking Why not have a demonstration plays will be given in the local time to attend. There is, thus, no influx of new members to be night for missionary plays and churches. coddled along. There is no un- playlets? A district or state con- .W~y not send someone to ~ee willing member who has joined vention is a fine place to do this. ~IssIO~ary plays that ar~ bemg because she was pestered to be- An institute or young people's ,~_gIven m other churches m .y.our come a member. Anyone is welcome as a perennial visitor to conference is also excellent. A own or near-by commumtIes? that group. But no one is asked to join until she has shown a de- county interdenominational Sun- Send someone who can coach a sire to become a working mem- day school council meeting gives play for yoU! ~roup. ber of the organization. . another opportunity. Why not Jom WIth other mlS- P. S. Oh, yes, its quite true that this group has an unusually Here are two examples of how sionary groups or churches to good time together, has good this has been done very success- ask a drama~lCs club to prepare programs, and carries an inspir- fully. The Boston University and pr~sent, m each of yo~r I?roing financial responsibility. But School of Religious Education grams m turn, the b~st I?IssIonthen, you know, so could your society. used to have one month before ary play or dramatIzatIon you Improving Missionary Christmas an'd one month before can find? P!o.duce t~at play! Easter, a program of plays, You can Meetings music and other items, given as Or you can Jomtly .wlth some "If we don't stop taking so demonstration, to which were o~her group secure Its ~rodu~­ much time for business," sighed tIon. A~d you can be gUIded m a bored member of a missionary invited representatives from the your chOl~e and h~ve your p~th group, "I'm going to quit com- city's churches. Two or more ~ade eaSIer for ItS productIon ing." She was right. The busi- plays, of differing difficulty and If y:ou arrange for an~ual, or ness seemed interminable. The secretary's reports were espe- type, were given each time-new cially boring. Attack at that point seemed strategic. At the plays which were available for semI-annual demonstratIOns. by next election, one of the church's most devoted club-women, was, use that season. How much bet- competent amateurs, at pomts with her previous consent, elected secretary. Her minutes, ter they could be judged, when where many are together who brief and to the point, gracious in their necessary acknowledg- produced on the stage than in can use such plays. ments, and in perfect order, have been a joy. It is noticeable that any other way! Ideas were Looking Ahead when this new secretary is oc- gained for costuming, for lightcasionally not able to be present, there is no slipping back into old ing, for music, for setting, all October is the special issue on ways. An ideal has been set up within the ability of the ordinary India. All the glamour and color for making the minutes a real church and yet stressing simple of the Orient can be introduced contribution rather than a detri- and dignified treatment. ment. into your meetings. And against A second example, which bids When You Produce That Play! fair to become a yearly custom, it you will present the tragedy is the presentation of two dem- and the hope of that ancient We all know the effectiveness onstration playlets, one on the land. We shall give some of the of missionary and world-friend- ways in which m iss ion a r y home missions theme and one on groups and leaders here and the foreign missions theme, at a there have made India a live luncheon program of the Mis- issue in their meetings.

sionary Institute of Indianapolis, In November we hope to have Indiana, early each May. It some very helpful suggestions would be interesting to know in for developing a sense of stew- how many missionary groups, ardship among the people of our missionary groups. Stewardship over Indiana and in adjacent is more than a faithful presenta- states from which delegates tion of the regular dues. It is an come, those little playlets. with their missionary message are attitude of life. And a very im- given in the missionary year portant part of Christian educa- tion is the nurture of individuals which follows; and just because and groups in that attitude. they were demonstrated there in a fashion which could be fol- Christmas and World Peace lowed in the smallest church. seem more and more to be joined in our thoughts.. We like also to For the current year, 'such a think of Christmas around the demonstration might include the world. In our December issue correct winding of a turban and we shall have some very definite

EFFECTIViE WAYS OF WORKING

suggestions for making the A missionary in Mexico, not Such a project can become Peace emphasis effective, and for long ago, found no welcome in a part of the stewardship training achieving a deeper sense of the certain village. So she moved of the children. Through it they real meaning of Christmas. over there to live, as a neighbor, become aware of the needs of Some avenues of service will be in a tiny Mexican "adobe" hut- others, they review their own regiven which other groups have to be, not a missionary, but a sources, decide to part with some found meant much to their own neighbor. She did not know things dear to them through asdevelopment. whether during the few months sociation, yet too often "hung she planned to be there, she onto" for only that reason, and Ventures in Understanding would find more than one or two they give time and money and curious children who would be effort to make the things "as A young women's missionary friends with her and to whom good as new" in order that they guild were studying the living she could be a friend. She ar- may be useful gifts to make, valreligions of the world. When rived with some trepidation. ued by those to whom they are they came to Judaism, they in- But the village people, hitherto to go. vited a young Jewish social hostile, welcomed her as they worker to come as a guest of one would have received one of them- Seven Rules for a Good of the members. They met her selves. Great things arose out Meeting socially before their supper, of that determination to give chatted with her during the herself, in their own manner, to 1. Be friendly. The regular member meal, and later listened with friendship. Is there anyone of who is retiring can be as lonely deep interest to her talk on your group making herself a as the stranger-almost. Great Jewish Women. For the member of another group, for an first time, for many of them, the hour, for a day, for a week? Is 2. Begin on time. Announce, "Thurs- Jew was linked with modern so- anyone putting herself in the day at 2: 00 P. M., with the procial reform. They began to real- position of needing from them gram beginning promptly at ize that Jews are a force for that same friendliness which she 2: 15." Stress the earlier hour, righteousness in America today. hopes to give them? for the greeting of friends and Theirs was more than a dispas- strangers is as important as the sionate study of Judaism that A New Avenue for Children's rest of the business, but begin night. They had a personal ex- Giving the program very promptly at perience in deepening their the time set. understanding of and liking for In connection with your study the Jew. What such experiences of the City, it might be wise to 3. Conduct all business with dispatch. in understanding are you plan- find out about Toy Libraries in Having planned a proportionning for your group during the your own or in some adjacent ately suitable time for the businext few months? city. Many city children in the ness, do not let it infringe upon underprivileged sections have the rest of the program. If it is *** not one toy of any sort. One of running over, analyze your tech- the interesting newer projects is nique and improve it. A young people's world friend- the establishment of a "Toy Liship group meeting included a brary" in some such district 4. See that the devotional period is Chinese boy and a Japanese girl. where children may withdraw a short but reverent in every way. What happened? Sparks flew! toy for a week, gs they would Stress simplicity and dignity; Some regretted that the two had withdraw a book from a library. and frown upon starting with an been invited at the same time. excuse for lack of preparation, But others realized, as never be- Where such a Toy Library facetiousness, or last – minute fore, how pride of race can cre- exists, an excellent avenue is passing of hymn books, etc. If ate antagonism even when Chris- open for a service project for the hymns 'are familiar, announce the tian brotherhood exists. From children of more privileged verses to be sung and sing withthat situation rose a deeper areas. Most of these children out books, not adding the hope understanding of the problem of have toys – such as scooters, that the hymn is known to everyracial antagonisms, and a sleds, roller skates, .and games one. If not familiar use books stronger desire to meet such an- which they have outgrown but or do not have group singing. tagonisms in the spirit of Christ. which are, basically, still sturdy This alone can produce. as it did and good. Dolls, games, toy fur- 5. Give sequence to your study. Rein that group, a greater senti- niture, puzzles, and other play- mind the group of the general ment than that of race, and things are lying in attics or on theme of study or program being draw alien peoples together. Are back shelves. Why not have a followed. Review in a sentence you keeping your group clear of "Paint and Scissors Club," meet- or two the ground already covsituations which might prove ing weekly for a few weeks, to ered in past meetings. State the embarrassing? Or are you out which will be brought these old aspect of the subject to be conto demonstrate, right within but good toys, to be renovated sidered today. Introduce each your own circle, that the most there by the Juniors under the item of the program with a word difficult race relationship can be direction of one or two adults or as to its bearing on today's desolved if courageously faced and young people? velopment of that aspect. met in the spirit of our Lord? 6. Relate the offering to life itself. At the time of its presentation, have a two- or three-sentence preSentation of some service the group is rendering through its gifts. Have a prayer dedicating the day's offering to its use.

7. Close on time. Never run past closing time. A meeting which closes on time has a rhythm and effectiveness which is lacking where it just runs on and on. Prompt closing makes for much more careful preparation.

BULLETIN

Council of Women for Home Missions EDITED BY MISS EDITH E. LOWRY, 297 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y. I ==================I~'

SETTING-UP CONFERENCE The central theme run~ing FOR EASTERN MIGRANT ""–through the w.orship serVIces STAFF was the need for spiritual re- Hartford Theological sources in the midst of a c.om- Seminary plex and confusing world – "I JUNE 16-19, 1938 can do all things thr.ough Christ As Seen by Two Leaders who strengtheneth me."

The fourth annual Setting-Up THE STAFF OF THE NEW YORK AND The cl.osing session was held Conference for the workers in NElW JERSEY CENTERS; MISS HELEN Sunday morning in the Semthe Migrant centers .of the East- inary Chapel preceding breakern Area was held this year, WHITE, SUPERVISOR fast and was led by Dr. Miller. June 16-19, at the Hartford In that early morning hour the Seminary Foundati.on, Hart- message of the joy of service ford, Connecticut, when Dr. J. Quinter Miller, Executive Sec- in crafts, recreation, s.ongs, nurs- fell upon minds and hearts alretary of the C.onnecticut C.oun- ready prepared. And as these cil of Churches, his able assist- ery school methods, child care, highly endowed young people ant, Mr. R. Stanley Kendig and camp sanitation, first aid, be- Miss Vera MacCracken, Secre- haviour problems and religious had themselves been ch.osen tary .of the Hartford County education methods made a rich largely because of the privilege Y. W. C. A. proved to be m.ost program. genial and perfect hosts. of their experience, they left The earnest and energetic Hartford newly commissioned Thither they came – 40 Col- staff .of young men and women and eager to go out to serve. lege students representing the had crammed noteb.ooks, broad- ShaufHer College of Religi.ous ened minds and understanding Into my hearl's treasury I slipped a and Social Work, Pennsylvania hearts. There was a strong feel- State, Bennett College, Kansas ing .of fellowship and unity. coin State Teachers College, Bucknell University, Virginia State Am.ong those who were .of That time cannot steal nor thief pur- College, Kalamazoo College, very special help were Mrs. Maryville College, Muskingum Phyllis Williams, of the Insti- loin, C.ollege, Oberlin College, Amherst College, Yale University; tute of Human Relati.ons .of Yale o better than the mining of a gold- Divinity Students from Hart- University, who gave an inter- crowned king ford Seminary F.oundation and pretation of 'the Folk ways. of Andover Newton The.ological the Italians; Miss Lola De- Is the safe-kept memory of a lovely Seminary; and experienced Grille, of the International Inkindergartners, recreational and stitute .of New York, interpreted thing. -Sara Teasdale. home-economics folk, as well as Polish f.olk; Mrs. John Ainley, sch.ool teachers. Many were who taught songs and also gave LAURA H. PARKER, new to the work while others meth.ods in song leading; Miss PETRICHA E. MANCHESTER. had had much experience, for one of the sl.ogans .of Migrant Frances Hedden with concrete As Seen by a Worker Workers is "once a Migrant, al- and practical suggestions. in reways a Migrant." Here they ligious education; Miss Marie Sharecropping and its horr.ors .assembled to receive training in Gaertller in nursery scho.ol have been studied and effectively "center" technique, to plan f.or methods; and Miss Agnes Diehl dramatized to the country. Yet the current season, and to ex- the migration of w.orkers from change helpful experiences. community to community seek- Lectures and dem.onstrations ing new employment, supple- menting irregular employment at customary occupations, or habitually following seasonal employment is an accepted phe- in the field of crafts. nomenon in contemp.orary in- Saturday night the picnic sup- dustrial society.

per with the singing, camp fire Consci.ous .of the extent of the and worship service br.ought to problem .of migratory labor in all a nearness of God through the United States, the C.ouncil the great .outdo.ors and a realiza- of Women for H.ome Missi.ons in tion, by contrast, .of the severe 1920 established centers for the care of migrant families. It was and sordid things that would the staff .of these centers in the have t.o be faced during the ex- East which met at Hartford perience of the summer.

[432 ] electro nic fil e created by cafis.org

BULLETIN: COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

Theological Seminary fro m grant ranks. The emplQyer June 16-19, 1938. looks at his migrant laborers as It is evident that a s'Ocial prQblem as comprehensive and people "whQm he gets cheap." basic as migratory lab'Or- 'Originating from a search for Hence, there is n'O coordination economic security and creating or cOQperatiQn among the groups. further problems of disintegratiQn 'Of family life, inadequate The good migrant social worker child care, poor housing c'Ondi- can and must break down these tions with consequent health problems, lack of sufficient edu- barriers. This was discussed by cati'On 'On the part 'Of children and adults, lack of time fQr Mrs. Manchester, Messrs. NewrecreatiQn and aesthetic expression, lack of opportunity fQr field, Glick, and Dr. Miller. participatiQn in dem'Ocracy, and a feeling 'Of intolerance–has n'O The migrant mQvies and the 'One final answer. Hence, the conference could best be viewed visit to the tobacco plantatiQn by stating its issues in terms of fundamental questions. expressed more adequately than It appears that a rather vital words the actual physical needs pre-supposition that undergirds of the migrant. each 'Of the issues, and is im- THE STAFF OF DELAWARE AND MARY- LAND CENTERS; MRS. P. E. Definite prQgram suggestions plied in each is: that the educa- MANCHESTER, SUPIDRVISOR tional and religiQus processes and helps were given in the should it be arran~ed? What which culminate in creative in- should be its extent? periods. with Misses Hedden, telligence and human under- 5. In facing the problem of healthstanding can transcend the cul- What can we do as inexperi- GordQn, Diehl, Gaertner, Mrs. ture and develop it. Upon one's enced, untrained people in giving reaction to the pre-supP'Osition first aid, camp sanitation, ar- Maramarco, and Messrs. Thomhangs the hQpe 'Of the social mi- ranging meals, summoning the grant worker. For, as seen aid of county agencies ? sen, North, and Kullgren when 6. Accompanying the maladjustment through: the issues and the dis- in labor and home, certain unde- we learned (bQth through hearcussion 'Of them, the migrant so- sirable and abnormal behaviour patterns are developed. How ing and d'Oing) something about cial worker is expected t'O be shall we meet them? an educator, religi'Ous director, 7. The migrants represent every cul- children's work; folk games and nurse, home economist, libra- ture. One works best with those rian, musician, and business he knows and understands. dances; homemade games; eveman. Unless he has faith, then, What are the folkways of the migrants with whom we are to ning, Sunday and rainy day pr'Oin the power 'Of a creative dy- work? namic educati'On coupled with grams for yQung people and the Qmnip'Otence 'Of God, he is as Let us develop these issues briefly as they were discussed at adults; and crafts. . a lost sheep. the c'Onference. ThrQugh the help of D'OctQrs With this in mind some basic The seven-minute presentaquestions and issues which were tions 'Of the four areas discussed Calverly and Clifford and Mr. cQnsidered are: picturesquely and interestingly by the Misses Vera MacCracken, Scott V e were ,able to feel that 1. What are the duties and problems Mary Cannon, CarQI Ferwerda of a migrant social worker? and Gladys Corkum prQvided an untrained health educatQrs could How does his work differ from excellent backgrQund orienta- the social case worker? tion for the understanding 'Of do something. the duties and problems of the 2. The migrants-How do they live? migrant socialwQrker. How Inspired, challenged, and defi- What are their needs? different her work is frQm a city sQcial case w'Orker! HQW much nitely helped by the experiences 3. What are the values of the migrant is involved! No longer are y'OU program for the employer, com- a case worker, or a nurse, or a of the conference we strove to munity, migrant? What should teacher, 'Or religi'Ousdirector- be the relationship between the but you must be a combination plan 'Our programs. Balanced migrant and community, em- of them all. ployer and migrant, social work- as they may be, we can still feel er and community, social worker Because any successful pro- and employer, migrant and so- gram 'Of migrant education must a lack, f'Or our prQgrams cannot cial worker? Where should the represent this cQmbinati'On, it focus be? What are some of the must include the empl'Oyer and get at the real roots of the prob- methods of attack? the community as well as the migrant. There exists, undoubt- lem. It· is evident that the old 4. Our program-What should it in- edly, a feeling 'Of intolerance clude for infants, children, among the community folk be- econQmy, attitudes land educa- young people, adults? · How cause they dQ n'Ot understand their migrant brother. There tion are inadequate, but the is, therefore, "a man without a country" attitude within the mi- problems of migrancy can be abolished is our cry.

May we keep always in 'Our hearts the spirit 'Of the "Work- er's Prayer" which we felt at the close of the conference.

Lord, speak to me, that I may speak In living echoes of thy tone; As thou hast sought, so let me seek Thy erring children, lost and lone.

Oh, teach me, Lord, that I may teach The precious things thou dost im- part; And wing my weirds that they may reach The hidden depths of many a heart.

Oh, give thine own sweet rest to me; That I may speak with soothing power A word in season, as from thee, To weary ones in needful hour.

-F'rttnces R. H avergal.

DEBORAH CANNON.

World–wide

A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events .~ EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO 1 ~'='===—-=-===–=-=======~ J APAN-OHOSEN who is a Christian and I see eight out of ten, because of the sQmething in his face that is dif- Japanese insistence on attend- A Soldier's Penance ferent. I want it." AnQther ance at the shrines. These were The United Church Record wrote: "I was riding a bicycle, "-great institutions wit h fine reports the following incident, told by the pastor in whose returning tQ my home from buildings, a good reputation, a church it .occurred: school. You gave me a tract. I capacity student body, and ap- A Japanese soldier came to a little chapel at Pingting, a rural town in believe now in the true God. I parently a future of great useeastern Shansi, on Christmas Day. He knelt and prayed before the Cross have .one friend who believes fulness. But it became imposwhile the pastor looked on with a great alsQ, and we gather the village sible to preserve the Christian deal of interest. children t.ogether sometimes and c.ontent of the sch.ools and at the Rising, the soldier approached the pastor and handed him a five-dollar talk to them about God." same time meet demands made note, explaining that he and three of -Presbyterian Survey. on them which loyal followers his comrades wished to donate this to the church. He Never Met a Ohristian of Christ would find impossible to meet with.out comprQmising Asked what was his calling before An .old man in the country their consciences, so we had no the war, the soldier revealed that he was converted by reading the choice left save tQ follow the and his three friends were all evan- Bible before he ever met a orders of our Executive Comgelists before they were conscripted. Christian. Hearing of Chris- mittee and make this great sac- Why didn't his friends come to the tianity, and thinking it sounded rifice for the sake of our convicchurch too? The answer was: They reasonable, he wrote to a city tion that we, as Christians, had no "face" to come to the church friend who sent him a Bible and should serve only one God, and after all the sinful things they had a Christian newspaper. After that our deepest soul loyalty bedone in invading China and killing the reading these he asked where he longs to Jesus Christ. Chinese people. They thought they could meet a Christian and was could not present themselves in front told there were some in Hamada. "There is still a strong native of Jesus Christ. Finding some of the Christian church that is witnessing for wQrkers holding an open-air Jesus Christ. It is working and He, however, decided that he could service, he joined heartily in the growing. There are also still at least atone for his sins by coming singing, making a joyful noise wide open fields for evangelism. to worship in the church, especially quite out of tune, and laughed The Gospel can be preached as since it was Christmas Day. He and chuckled all through the freely as ever, and people listen hoped that with the love of Christ the talks, so that the wo r k e r s as gladly. WQmen's work offers world might be changed, all national thought that he was mentally many opportunities for Chrisdifferences sunk and all human suf- deficient, until they realized that tian service in home and comferings avoided. it was his overflowing joy at munity. All the hospitals are meeting fellQw Christians for filled, and witnessing for Christ The Printed Word the first time in his life! He has is being emphasized in each of never turned back from the them. More extensive Bible Japan has one point of ad- faith he entered intQ through training is being planned, SQ vantage over all other mission reading the Bible. When he that every church may have fields in that practically every prays he follows no conventional competent leadership." Japanese can read. Education method, but sits down with open there is compulsory. A mission- eyes and chats to his unseen Presbyterian Survey. ary, therefore, can write out Friend as if he could see the .one anything he wishes to tell to the to whQm he talks. A Oommunist Oonverted thronging multitudes whQm he passes in city streets, or to Korea Mission Losses A United Church of Canada farmers he meets along country missionary visited a Korean palanes, and hand it with a smile Rev. L. T. Newland, D.D., .of tient in a hQspital and noticed a and a greeting, and know that the Southern Presbyterian Mis- copy of Luke's Gospel laying on it will be read and understoQd. sion at Kwangju, writes: "With- the bed. Upon being asked what As a result, letters come tQ the he thQught of it he replied: "I mission, confessing sins, telling used to be a cQmmunist. I .of dQmestic problems, asking thought the wQrld was in such hQW tQ be forgiven or how to find peace. One man wrote: "I in the last few months the a bad state that only by destroygQt yQur tract. I know a man Southern Presbyterian Mission ing everything and beginning in Korea has lost its schQols, all over again could things be [434 ] set right. Since I have been here deeming love is read with great two or three portable steel I have been reading this book, interest and appreciation. houses that will be set up by -Bible S.ociety Record. R. G. Letourneau, Inc. One of listening to the hospital evan- gelist, and have had time to NORTH AMERICA these will be used as a dwelling think. .I am now convinced that for exhibition purposes; another the Jesus' way is the only way Christian Youth Council will be the headquarters of the Christian Business Men's Comthat will work, that of changing Problems of war, poverty, un- mittee, while it is likely that a the world by first changing the hearts of men, and I have de- employment, slum living, race third will house a Bible exhibit. termined first of all to become a prejudice, crime, in d u s t ria 1 -Alliance Weekly. strife, alcohol and political cor- Christian myself." -Korea Mission Field. ruption cannot be solved by any- New England Bible thing less than a united Chris- Demonstration ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC tian movement, according to the At the Metropolitan Theater consensus of opinion among al- Bible Distribution in Hawaii most 3,000 Christian educators, in Providence, R. 1., this sum- Thirty thousand children in representatives of forty-one de- mer 3,500 Evangelical Chris- Hawaii's public s.chools have each received a copy of the nominations in the U nit e d ti·ans lifted their Bibles high Gospel of Luke. This was in response to a request of the chil- States and Canada, who came above their heads and repeated dren themselves, and the earnestness of the request was :r together in Columbus, Ohio, for three times: "The Word of the proved by the enthusiasm with which the gift was received. the twentieth quadrennial con- Lord endu~eth forever." he Some of the teachers wrote: vention of the International demonstrabon passed resolutIOns "The children are very much Council of Religious Education· recalling people everyw~er~, "~o pleased. Many read these little volumes during the free-reading in July. The delegates discussed a reverence for the BIble m period."-"Since the arrival of such problems as Christian fam- these ~ord~: "We again a!fi.rm the Gospels of Saint Luke a new ily life, Christian leadership for ~)Ur f~uth m. the . au~henbclty, interest in religious literature has been shown."-"This school the modern world missions and mtegnty and msplrabon of the wishes to express i·ts thanks and missionary educ~tion, drama, Holy Scripture as. being the ~ne appreciation for the wonderful story in the form received. A visual education, temperance and final authorIty. for. faith dozen different nationalities attend this school, and to many education, education and gam- and conduct; that, m VIew of this is a new book and a new story. We feel that much bene- bling, Christian education and the desperate need of the world fit will follow; for surely the industrial _economic problems, ~oday, we go on ~ecord as send- Word will bear fruit." Christian education and race re- mg forth from thIS rally a clear, Messages. like these cam e from the pupils: a Portuguese lations, and world peace. Facts pl·ain and forceful call to the about the world situation were world to return to that rever- presented, not by theorists but ence f?r the Bible w~ich sh.all by experts speaking b e for e result m earnest readmg, bellef small groups that took advan- in i~s rede~ptiye message and tage of the opportunity for ques- ~bedlence to Its mvaluable.teach- tions .and discussion. The task mgs."-Watch'lnan-Examtner.

of Christian education was viewed as one that concerns . Readjustments in Presbyterian Christian attitudes in facing our Foreign Board critical problems. Because of the retirement of girl remarked: "The first night Christianity on Exhibit several members of its staff, the I read four chapters to my whole Presbyterian Foreign Board is family. I shall read the whole At the Golden Gate Interna- readjusting the duties of other tional Exposition in 1939 an ap- members. Rev. William P. book for them."

An eighth-grade Japanese boy peal for Christianity will be Schell, D.D., continues as· chairproudly remarked: "Thanks for made to those who take no man of the Home Base Council the story. I carry it in my thought for religion. About and a new division of special pocket and read it every chance 8,000 square feet of outdoor gifts and annuities; Miss Ger- space will be leased, upon which trude Schultz remains in charge I get." A Japanese girl declared: will be erected a large steel audi- of women's work in the Home "Even though I believe in the torium, and in this Mr. Irwin Base. Rev. Charles T. Leber, Buddha, yet I like this story of A. Moon will present several D.D. has been transferred from times daily his "Sermons from the secretaryship for Japan, the Christ." These children carry the Science," a series of spectacular China, Siam and the Philippines Word of God to their various scientific phenomena used to il- to the promotional work of the homes-in the city, plantation lustrate spiritual truth. After Home Base, with a supervisory center, fisherman's hut, labor eight years of preparation, Mr. connection with young people's camp, homestead shack and Moon seeks to present the first work. Rev. Willis C. Lamott, primitive native houses, scat- century Gospel with twentieth D.D., of the Japan Mission, has tered from ocean shore to moun- century illustrations. In con- been asked to assume responsitain peak, where the story of re- nection with this exhibit will be bility for publicity work while

Miss Mary Moore, one of the appointed to deal with problems Church Cooperation and Union.

secretaries f.or y.oung people's of harmonizing rituals, co.ordi- Bishop Perry presented a resolu- work, will go to San Francisc.o nating pr.ograms and merging tion passed by the General Con- to replace Miss Marcia Kerr, organizations of the Methodist vention in Cincinnati: wh.o comes t.o New Y.ork t.o as- Episcopal Church, Methodist The General Convention of the sist Dr. Young in the new de- Episcopal Church, South, and Protestant Episcopal Church in the partment .of missi.onary person- Meth.odist Pr.otestant Church. U. S. A., acting with full realization nel. Rev. S. Franklin Mack will Other questions considered were of the significance of its proposal, church extension, missions, hos- hCehruebrcyh ininvthiteesU. tSh.eA. Ptoresjobiyntewriiathn give his entire time to directing pitals, education and young peo- it in accepting the following declarayoung pe.ople's w.ork.

Rev. George T. SC.ott, D.D. is pIe, pensions and publication tion: chairman .of the F.oreign De- work. A small committee .of The two churches, one in the faith lawyers will furnish counsel in onfatetheWLoordrd oJfesGusod,Chrreicsot,gmt~z~mginctahrepartment C.ouncil, with special alliega} matters. The next meet-"'·-Holy Scriptures as the supreme rule responsibility for interdenomi- national relationships. Rev. ing wIll be held January 24, of faith, accepting the two ~acra- LI.oyd S. Ruland, D.D., of Bing- 1939, at Jackson, Miss. minegnttshaotrdtahienevdisbibyleCuhnriistyt, aonfdCbherliisetv'shamton, N. Y., a former mis- Church is the will of God, hereby formally declare their purpose to sionary in China, becomes secre- School for Missionaries achieve organic union between their tary for China. Pending the The first Iowa School for Mis- respective churches. election .of a successor t.o Dr. Leber, Rev. J. L. Hooper, D.D., si.onaries will be held January -The Churchman. of the Philippines, will serve as 23 t.o February 18, 1939, at Iowa secretary f.or the four countries' State College, Ames, Iowa. The Library, and Racial Problem recently under Dr. Leber's su- first three weeks will be devoted t.o classes in the following sub- Here is what can happen pervision. jects: sociology and rural or- when a mission study class ganizati.on, agriculture and ru- learns something and acts upon Lutheran Unification ral education, foods and nutri- it. The minister of a Colored tion, family life and health, and church in Portsmouth, Va., city Delegates to the Eastern Dis- agriculture. The aftern.oons will of 50,000, told a white mission trict Convention .of the Ameri- study group that the Colored can Lutheran Church voted to be devoted t.o conferences and people of the city had n.o access put aside "doctrinal differences" field trips. A two-day rural mis- to a library. This was news to with .other Lutheran churches sions conference will be held many of the white people. and to unite "in fell.owship .of pulpit and altar" with them. during the course .of the school. The mission study class inves- The vote foll.owed long discus- The fourth week c.oincides with tigated, secured the cooperation sion of the reports of the Ameri- Iowa State Farm and Home of the National Youth Adminiscan Lutheran Church Commis- Week, the lectures and exhibits tration, which made the desired sion on Fell.owship with the .of which will be open t.o the mis- library a pr.oject, obtained aid United Lutheran Church in from the PWA, was given space America and with the Lutheran sionaries. The Iowa School for in Mr. Birchette's parish h.ouse, Synod of Missouri, Ohio and Missionaries is being carried on received gifts from citizens for .other states. by the Iowa State College at the lumber, paint, labor, and some request and with the co.opera- but n.ot yet enough furniturre T.h e Evangelical Lutheran an,d b.o.oks (the Church Periodi- Synod of Missouri has churches ti.on .of the Rural Missions C.o- cal Club assisting) and put a in every state of the Union, and .operating C.ommittee, repre- trained librarian in charge. a total membership .of 1,305,000 senting some eighteen foreign in the United States and Can- The library was opened by a ada. At the recent Triennial missi.on b.oards in the United States. -Agricultural Mission Notes.

Conventi.on the Syn.od auth.or- Presbyterian-Episcopal program inc Iud i n g eight ized a drive for a thank offering s pee c h e s by representatives Negotiations to commemorate the hundredth from co.operating groups.

anniversary .of the arrival in the A delegation fr.om the Pres- Border Cooperation United States .of the Saxons who byterian Church U. S. A., met f.ounded this church. The sum Every Texas city of moderate sought will be in addition to the last December with Bish.oP Per- size has its "Little Mexico," cut annual budget of $1,500,000. ry and Dr. Howard C. R.obbins .off from the rest .of the town by of the Protestant Episc.opal The- United Methodism Meets ological Seminary to confer on invisible but definite lines that a closer union ·of the tW.o b.odies. are seldom crossed except by The first large j.oint meeting Representing the Presbyterian teachers, missionaries or occa- .of Methodists held since unifi- Church were Dr. L. S. Mudge, sional tourists. Few of the cation was approved by the stated clerk of the General nearly 7,000 Mexicans in Texas Methodist Episcopal Church, Assembly and Dr. J. Ross Stev- speak English: they have their South, took place in Columbus, enson, chairman of the Presbyte- own stores, newspapers, church- Ohi.o, in JUly. C.ommittees were rian Assembly's Department on es. While the majority are

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Roman Catholic, every Mexican notified the large canneries at ment is given for an hour three center has a struggling evangel- Ho.onah and Yakutat that no na- times within one week, and then ical mission, and the American tives need bother to apply for the patient is allowed to rest for Bible Society tries to provide work either as laborers in the a month before the treatment is Spanish Scriptures at cost. Sec- canneries or as fishermen, for continued. retary Marroquin, American Bi- they would n'Ot be hired." The A wealthy philanthrQpist 'Of ble Society's Mexican agent, a natives in that region, threaten- Brazil has offered a set of the few months ago made a two- ing to take things into their own apparatus to the United States, weeks' tour of the centers of hands, are prepared to fight, if for use at the Leper Clinic in Mexican population in Texas; a necessary, fQr their right to Carville, La. journey of over 1,500 miles, work. The largest cannery in -The Christian Advocate. with stops in various centers Alaska, located at Kassan, has where local c'Ommittees had definitely decided not to reopen. Thr.ough Brazil with the Bible previously planned interdenomi- Others may do likewise, rather national meetings to hear his than yield to the unreas.onable An outstanding piece .of work during the year has been the reillustrated lecture. He shows demands of the labor unions. markable journey through Brahis audience how colportage Unless the deadlock is broken, zil of two colporteurs, George work is done in Mexic'O, takes Glass and the redoubtable Antao them over mountain passes, on thousands of Alaskan families Pessoa. They c'Overed 5,000 burro back or oxcart; and tells will suffer. them how, under the present Mexican g'Overnment, the circu- LATIN AMERIOA miles, mQstly by mule back, but lation 'Of the Bible increased the SQme 1,300 miles was in a "dug past year by 10,000 copies; how the Scriptures are being trans- Educati.on in B.olivia out" and almost 250 miles on lated into the native tongues of foot. There were perils to face, 3,000,000 Indians .of Mexico The public school teachers of such as terrific cataracts, rapids, who do not speak Spanish; how Bolivia have petitioned the wild beasts and hostile tribes, the 130,000 Protestants of that g.overnment to use for public the latter sunk in poverty and country contributed 4,152 pesos schools the money now given to ignorance. Once 'On trek they (over a thousand d'Ollars) to the support the State church. The came to an abandoned region support of the Bible Society; Roman clergy have jointly is- ruled by a murderer who tried how even the illiterates often sued a pastoral letter to all Bo- to get them in his p.ower, but buy copies .of the Bible, in the livian citizens warning them with the c'Onnivance of two 'Of hope that someone will read that their religion is in danger, the man's own cut throats they aloud to them-so great is their that Communism is just arQund managed to escape. desire for the Word of God. the CQrner. and that they should The largest sales were made c'Onsider very carefully for in the priest-ridden town of Eighteen such meetings were whom they cast their vote. This Campinas. One very suspicious held, and 'Over 7,000 Mexicans year 1938, may prove a momen-· old lady refused to touch the heard 'Of the work of Bible dis- tous .one for Bolivia, especially books, but as the colporteur read tribution, while 14,000 Gospels were left with local pastors to if the Congress and the Senate one passage after another she be given out. should decide on the separation began to make exclamatiQns of -Bible Society Record. of Church and State, which ac- apprQval, and finally bought a tion is not altogether improb- copy, say i n g apologetically: able. "You see, I thought the bOQk -Baptist Missionary Review. was Protestant." The lurid pic- Alaskans in Distress tures 'Of Protestants, painted by Oxygen f.or Lepr.osy the priests, had filled the people Native Alaskans, who depend Brazil is said to lead the wQrld with dread. entirely upon the fishing in- in the fight against leprosy, and dustry for their living, are fac- These two intrepid men had ing a desperate situati'On grow- a new treatment being tried ing out of the activities of the there is reported by Dr. H. W. many adventures and escapes, Wade, of Washington, D. C. It labor unions in the United but the greatest experience was States who seek to control the consists of the administration fishing and canning industry of oxygen under pressure, and the satisfaction .of circulating throughout the Alaskan Terri- the inventor is Dr. Ozorio de 100 Bibles, 700 Testaments and Almeida, wh.o first thought of it 3,000 Gospels in 'One .of the dark- est regions 'Of the earth.

-The Neglected Continent.

tory. Demands of rival labor as a means 'Of treating cancer. Five Year Increase in Brazil unions have prevented the re- The patient is placed in a tank opening of the canneries. These into which pure 'Oxygen can be The Presbyterian Church of unions insist upon determining introduced and the pressure Brazil reported at the annual who shall be employed, discrim- gradually increased until it General Assembly held this year inating against native Alaskans. reaches an atmosphere and a in FQrtaleza that there are now A correspondent of the Presby- half (some twenty-one pounds 266 organized churches and 140 terian BQard of National Mis- to the square inch) ab.ove the .other groups, exclusive of 1,522 sions writes: "The C. I. O. has normal pressure. The treat- places where the Gospel is regu-

larly preached. These churches EUROPE heads of families-men in good are organized into three synods Mohammed's Birthday Cele- standing with the governmentand are ministered to by 183 or- must be presented for approval. brated in London dained ministers and nine licen- tiates. There are 43,100 church On May 12, a group of Mo- Calvinistic Congress members, and a Sunday school membership of 47,939. It will hammedans in London cele- The fourth Biennial Calvinbe seen by comparison with the brated the birth of their prophet istic Congress met in Edinburgh figures published in 1932 in the World Dominion Survey of Bra- and Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer was in July, and created "no small zil that this is an all round increase during the last five years. invited to attend. Two hundred stir" in the city. An announce- This church has maintained a persons were present, of whom ment of a "Nazi ban on Edinworker in Portugal for some nearly half were women. SO!lle burgh Congress" drew attention time, and it is hoped that a col- of the men wore the Pers~an to meetings which might otherleague will be sent to him from headdress, a few the IndIan .wise have passed with less nothe Brazilian Church shortly. turban, but as to the rest they tice but the added interest was -World Dominion Press. might have been any group of justified. Four German pastors cultured London people. About were refused permission by der three-fourths of those pr~s~nt Fuehrer to be present, the reason were Moslems. :r'he presldmg being that the Congress was ex- officer was a R.usslan a~d prayer pected to take a sympathetic at- Cooperation in River Platte was offered III ArabIC by an titude toward the Confessional Republics Egyptian. One speaker declared Church as did the World Con- A new epoch in cooperation Mohammed to be "the redeemer ference' on Faith and Order at among Evangelical forces in Argentina, Uruguay and Para- of womanhood, the light of the :n Oxford last year. However two world and the glory of civilizaguay is believed to have begun tion" ! !-Religious Digest. Germans of the Ref 0 r e d Church were present, but took as a result of a conference called Bans and Concessions in by the Committee on Coopera- Roumania no part in the program. tion in Buenos Aires. This Con- The Congress was made up of ference considered the question The Religious News Service about 130 delegates, and inof organizing a Confederation reports that the Roumanian cluded a number of Europe's of Evangelical Churches in this Government has made it illegal foremost theologians. Holland area, and a committee of nine for eight different religious sects and Hungary sent some of their was appointed to draw up plans to continue the practice of their best thinkers, and others came for such a federation. faiths. . from France, Czechoslovakia, Switzerland, South Africa, New Of the forty-five pastors and The sects banned are: the Mil- Zealand, Australia, America, laymen in attendance, repre- .lenium group (which, .according Eire and Northern Ireland. The senting sixteen church bodies to the decision includes the In- general topic was "The Reand organizations, twenty-two ternational Students of the Bi- formed Faith and its Ethical Consequences" in the Individual, were nationals; eighteen were ble, Jehovah's Witnesses and the Family, the Church, in So- ciety, the State, in Economics, missionaries of North American others) the Pentecostalists, the in Art. It was emphasized that the world must get back to the and British Boards; and five Tremblers, the Church of God vital principle of Calvinism, the were ministers to non-Spanish- the Apostle, the Penitent Naza- sovereignty of God.

speaking groups in Argentina. renes, the Reformed Adventists, -The Christian.

It was regarded as the most rep- the Illistii, the Innocents and the resentative group ever meeting Stilisti (the Old Stylers).

in Buenos Aires to discuss At the same time, the official decision granted new concesmeans of closer cooperation. Reformed Church of France An "Evangelical Youth Con- sions to Baptists, Seventh Day gress," held in Rosario, Argen- Adventists and Evangelicals. The Reformed Church of tine, last year revealed an in- Baptists received special men- France, which now unites the creasing solidarity among young tion, the last clause of the long four principal French Churches, people. Strong leadership was decision stating that they will will officially function in its unimanifest; the delegates declared be permitted to organize church fied form on January 1, 1939. their allegiance not only to the communions throughout the The new organization will be Church and its place in deepen- country by fulfilling certain con- marked by a work of conquest, ing the spiritual life, but also ditions, which in countries like consolidation and forward evanadopted important resolutions the United States and England gelism. in the field of social action. would be considered imposi- The churches in Paris are These young people edit and tions; for example, a minister seeking to spread among their publish two excellent periodicals must confine his activities to the congregations a desire for Bible in this district and share in a four walls of the recognized study, carried on by groups radio preaching broadcast twice "prayer house," and before such meeting daily in places of worweekly. a house can be lawful a petition ship. The great success which -The Christian Century. bearing the signature of twenty has resulted is due to a deep de-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

sire to know better the Word olics are not concerned, since AFRICA of God in order to spread this they concluded a concordant knowledge throughout ,France. nearly ten years ago. Jewish Islam's Sudan Campaign The fall in the value of the problems appear to be more po- As a result of Egypt's ac- franc and the rise in the cost of litical than religious.. knowledged rights in the Sudan, living presents a troublesome The head of this new depart- Azhar University in Cairo is deproblem to all the churches, and ment has traveled widely and is veloping a Moslem missionary es.pecially to the Paris Mission- conversant with all these prob- enterprise for various countries, ary Society with its large com- lems at first hand. and proposes that young Sudan- mitments in British Sou t h There will be seven divisions ese be trained at the University Africa. It will force them to in the new department, each in the technique of teaching Isconsider seriously the salaries under the direction of a special- lam to the pagans of the Sudan; of pastors, their pensions, and ist in such fields as education, and that they imitate Christian the maintenance and current ex- religion, labor, culture and eco- missionaries in acquiring the penditure of all Christian ac- native languages of these people. tivities. Yet the church has nomics. In spite of various discour- unanimously decided upon ad- The Gospel for Refugees agements, Christian missions in vance. the southern Sudan are meeting -World Dominion Press. In spite of the difficulties with great response. In some which beset the Russian Gospel areas, thousands attend the Sun- Evangelism in Greece Movement, conversions and bap- day services, and native Chris- A small group of Grecians, tisms are continually taking tians have started hundreds of converted to evangelical faith place among refugees. in various bush schools throughout the through reading the Bible, were country. charged by the Orthodox Church parts of Europe. Evangelistic with illegal proselytizing, for meetings are held regularly at Danger in Half Knowledge which the penalty is banishment. A Greek lawyer, now Montbard, France, where there Rev. P. A. Unwin, of the studying in England, was em- are numbers of refugees. The C. M. S., says that with the ployed to defend them and was Movement is responsible for the preaching of the Gospel there so impressed with the unfalter- must be systematic Christian distribution of a magazine and education, and clinches the point quantities of Gospel literature, mostly Scripture portions and ing faith of these unlettered books. with the following story: "A men that he entered into a During the International Ex- workman, educated in a governdee per spiritual experience position in Paris last year, more ment technical school, came to through their testimony, and is than 15,000 tracts in French and my room a short while ago. 'I now devoting his life to the Russian were distributed. Large want to see the thing which Lord's work. He reports that texts were on display, where makes the noise inside that box,'

this little group has started a they could be read by visitors. he said, indicating the wireless church which is growing stead- In this connection, it is start- set. I took off the back and ily. One old, illiterate woman ling to note in a report of the showed him all I could; but I asked a neighbor to read a Bible National Lutheran Council that am ignorant in such matters. chapter to her every day, and the 1938 budget of the Godless Then he railed at me and the gist half the village was converted of his remarks was this: 'You through this one instance, one of organization in Russia amounts English are all the same ; you the converts being a man who to 65 million rubles. Of this had spent seventeen years in sum 42 millions are contributed keep the African back. You do not want him to learn lest he prison. by members and 23 millions de- rived from the sale of anti-reli- should govern himself and you After completing his studies gious literature. During the would be deprived of the shillin England, this lawyer plans to year 14 millions will be allocated ings which you get from native return to Greece and help to to subsidize activities of the In- taxes. The Mission is the ear shepherd this flock. ternational Godless committee, of the Government. You are as and the remainder will be uti- bad as the rest. Have you not Situation Eased in Roumania lized for propaganda purposes refused to tell me how the wire- less works? Did they not refuse All religious questions have within the country. It is ex- pected also that a contribution to tell me how to make electricity been taken out of the office of will be sent to aid in financing at the technical school? And the Minister of Cult, and a the International Free Thinkers' why do you not let the African special department has been cre- congress to be held in London make his own shillings as you ated by the Roumanian Govern- next autumn. This amounts to do yourselves?' " ment to handle all minority a total of $13,000,000, of which questions, including religious -C. M. S. Outlook.

and ethical. This move is high- $2,800,000 is designated for Education Proceeds Slowly ly pleasing to such minorities as "foreign missions" in the United the Baptists, Evangelicals, Re- States and other Christian na- A diagram in the Gold Coast formists and Adventists. Cath- tions. Annual Education Report shows.

the total number of children at- man it was not for them to say WESTERN ASIA tending school for the past no. Hebrew University twenty-five years: according to the ratio of increase, it would Bantu Sunday Schools The Hebrew University in Jetake approximately 600 years before a child-population of the The s,econd Bantu Sunday rusalem, when founded in 1925, present size would be attending school. School Convention in Johannes- consisted of one building, a li- burg was attended by 117 dele- brary of 74,000 volumes, a fac- A further diagram, taking galtes from 43 centers in all ulty of 30, a student body of 64 into. account increases of population, shows the percentages of provinces of the South Africa and a curriculum of four departchildren of school age attending school to the total child-popula- Union, Basutoland and Swazi- ments. Today, on Mount Scotion year by year for the 25-year land. ~us there are 12 buildings, a period; and shows that it would take over 3,500 years before The Convention endorsed the lIbrary of over 350,000 volumes, primary education would be made available for the whole recommendation of the Inter-De- ",",a student body of over 800; a of the child-population of the partmental Committee on Na- faculty of 110.; and a currICU- Gold Coast. Figures for the tive Education that native edu- lum on a par! III both scope ~nd whole of Africa would be even cation should continue to be sta.ndar?~, WIth .that of leadmg more startling. centered in religion. It urged umve:;slbes. WIt.h some of. the upon the administration of Na- world s ou~standmg ~ ~ WI S h -World Dominion Press. tive Education and the teaching ~cholars on Its facu~ty, I~ IS mak- body to make religious educa- mg ~emarkab~e strIdes m schol- Pioneering in the Congo tion worthy and effective, and arshlp and sc!ence. . . Perhaps no type of mission- that every subject in the school In. connecbon Wlt~ t~e Ulllary service makes a greater ap- curriculum should be made a verslty, a great sClenbfic repeal to the imagination than pioneering. Rev. Malcolm Guthrie medium for the teaching of re- search activity is being deof the English Baptist Society writes an account for The Life ligion. veloped. This includes special of Faith of a pioneer trip in the de~artmen~s of ~rchreology, edu- Belgian Congo, when he covered Grave concern was expressed ~abon, sOCI~1 SCIence and agrar- 315 miles in less than four at the growing evil .of gambling Ian economIcs, as well as a deweeks, walking or cycling. "In among children both native and part!llent of par~sitol?gy, wh~re the most distant villages," he European. Chu~ches were asked specIal rese.arch IS bemg carrIed says, "they had not only never to give definite teaching on the heard the Gospel-they had never even heard of people with subject, and the Government on concernmg leprosy and cana Gospel to preach. The only was urged to curb gambling by cer.-Hadassah News Letter. white men they ever see are the government doctor who comes all possible means, and to de- Challenge to the Christian twice a year, and the tax col- stroy the facilities for the evil. Church lector once a year." -World Dominion Press. Most people showed a real desire to understand the message. Laborer Starts a Church An Arab Christian leader in In the first village visited, two Palestine writes the following boys wanted to go back with Mr. A young Portuguese, with his Guthrie in order "to get wis- wife and family, has gone to Sao letter: dom"; others asked for an evan- Tome, Portuguese Africa, to gelist to come and live among strengthen a work that was What can one say about Palestine them, and there were discus- started by an indentured la- at present! It is a country torn to sions as to how his belongings pieces by strife, hatred, rioting and could be conveyed such a long borer who had been converted aggression. Materially as well as distance. At Bokwo, another to evangelical Christianity in morally the country is on the eve of village, the people ran away in Angola; and whose initiative a total collapse, and what is still fright, and during the two days' resulted in the formation of a more painful is the fact that the services nobody took any notice small group of Christians. They troubles of the country may be traced at all. Later, a solemn conclave had no Scriptures to instruct back to racial ambitions based on was held to determine whether them, but found some fragments religious tradition and history. Jews an evangelist should be allowed of a Bible in some waste paper. as well as Arabs hold fast to their to locate in the village, and they These they copied by hand and claims in this respect, while the Chriscame to the conclusion that if distributed. At first they were tian Church has not yet come forward Mr. Guthrie wished to send a persecuted, but later it was with proposals to reconcile matters on recognized that the evangelicals the basic principle of Christianity, were the best workers, and they In the meantime unemployment and were no longer molested. what it entails is growing rapidly, suffering, hunger, dissatisfaction with This young Portuguese work- life, etc. Yet missionary activities, er has been commended by all hospitals, orphanages, welfare centers the denominations in Portugal, continue their work, often under very and it is hoped that the work In strained conditions and financial dif- Sao Tome will be adequately ficulties, particularly those who de- supported. pend for their support on Middle Europe. But nobody sees how this -World Dominion Press. country's affairs may be settled, there is not one, ray of hope that matters will clear up in the near or distant future, and I think that all of us have failed in the paramount duty of pray- ing constantly for this holy land, as

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

God only can send peace and He will meeting. "I have written the the divine power of the Good undoubtedly do so in His time if we unite in prayers to Him. music for the Lord's Prayer," he News. said, and handed me a neatly -Near East Christian Council.

Iranian Christian Art written sheet of music. "Will INDIA AND BURMA you sing it for us· tonight?" I Recent relaxation of the Mos- asked. He agreed, and later on lem rule in Iran against displays impressed us all deeply by sing- Legislators Face Problems of Christian work has been fol- ing "Our Father which art in Indian legislators are finding lowed by the use of Christian Heaven" to Iranian music of his pictures in educational p r 0- own composition. Then he gave that their economic and social grams. An Iranian was asked to a splendid testimony, telling the problems are not capable of select from a catalogue of Perry others what God had done for speedy solution. Mr. Gandhi's pictures those best suited to his him. educational proposals are called people. Unerringly, he picked impractical; and obstacles cononly great masterpieces, and one Field Widens in Arabia result has been increased sales tinue to arise in regard to childof Christian literature. Dr. Paul W. Harrison outlines marriage laws. The usual dis- some reasons for encouragement turbances involving Hindus and Converted By a Dream in medical work in Arabia. One Moslems result in clashes here of these is the steadily improv- Rev. W. McE. Miller, Presby- ing equipment. Better build- and there. However, most obterian missionary of Teheran, servers agree that the experi- ment of self-government is working not too badly. Iran, tells the story of one of the ings, instruments andautomo- A halt has been called in the latest converts, a man about 30. biles all contribute to the doc- prospects of any large communal He came to a meeting for in- tor's efficiency, but more im- movement of the d e pre sse d quirers and introduced himself portant than buildings and in- classes. Dr. Ambedkar is out at the close. He had been seek- struments, better trained men for guarantees that if any gen- ing the truth for five or six are now available, and with eral movement should take place, years, but had not found it. better training come increased assurances must be forthcoming Finally, one of his friends sug- resources of medicine itself; for that the political rights and sogested that he read the New anemia, they now have some- cial and economic well-being of Testament. He came to the gate thing better than powdered his community shall be conof our Mission where there is a shingle nails. served.

small bookshop and bought the As the friendlines:s of the peo- The general attitude of these book, and was profoundly in- ple grows, the field for medical classes is favorable to the recepfluenced by Christ's teaching. A work widens. Some have come tion of Christianity wherever year passed, and he did not be- to suspect that dirt is as much missions are in effective touch come a Christian. Finally, he to blame as the evil eye in mak- with them, and this work prohad a dream. He saw a great ing babies sick, and some of the ceeds in proportion to the abilmultitude, dressed in various most picturesque smells in the ity of missions to buy up the costumes, following a float on Near East are about to pass opportunity. The various "mass which a majestic Person was en- away. With all this have come movements" are proceeding· throned. A voice said to him, enlarged opportunities, and it is apace. The movement in the "Follow the teaching which is the day of beginnings for the Bhil area of Central India is exruling the world today!" He Christian Church. ceedingly promising, and if the tried to go nearer, but the crowd There are regular preaching missions were in a better posi- services where men and women prevented him. After ten days hear the good news about tion to follow up what is an unthe dream was repeated, and the Christ. Some of these are held doubted desire on the part of voice said, "Why do you hold in the Hospital compound, and these people to become Chrisback? Follow this teaching!" some of them in the little houses tians, there is almost no limit to the degree in which these This time he found himself quite near the glorious Person. He of the hospital helpers. There 2,000,000 people could be rerealized it was Christ, and he are social evenings where Chris- ceived into the Christian Church. determined to become a Chris- tian men and women learn how The five – year evangelistic tian, so on the advice of his Christ wants them to associate movement continues to occupy friend he had come to church, with one another. These are the attention of the churches, and the sermon had made a deep church affairs. The outside with notable results in many impression. We suggested that world is not invited. They are places. Conferences of farhe yield himself to Christ at hilarious and useful. The sum reaching importance are being once, and he said he was ready, total of all this is that the held in preparation for the so we prayed together, put his Church is emerging, and slowly Madras World Missionary Conhand into the hand of Christ, taking shape and growing, not ference, and there is a new spirit and he arose with a new light in because of any exhibition of hu- of optimism growing up in many his face. Next week he was the man skill or efficiency or wis- quarters. -World Dominion Press. first to arrive at the inquirers' dom, bp.t simply as a result of

Fighting Fear and demonstrated at a meeting of could be done for them, are now Superstition the Kolapur Church Council at being treated successfully. The C. M. S. Schools in Srinagar Sangli, when the eight or ten addition of this deep X-ray is are teaching their pupils to live up to their motto: "In all things missionaries present marvelled probably the hospital's greatest be men." Superstition and the at the progress made by Indian milestone in years, while for the fear of doing what "is not done," are twin evils in Kashmir. The Christian women in the past first time in its forty-five years' fear of public opinion is very strong, but the following inci- fifteen years since their first history an ambulance makes dent shows how this fear is being overcome. Those who lived participation in this organiza- possible more village work. The near the lake at Srinagar considered it useless to learn to tion. It was not just an occa- office has been made into a censwim because the "djinns" in the water would pull them down. sion to get together and talk; a tral unit, a cash register in- To disprove the theory, a yearly swim across the lake was organ- great deal of constructive activ- stalled to simplify routine work ized. Howe v e r, the "djinn" ity was reported. One village and a central storeroom makes woman reported apologetically. for greater efficiency and econ- for her group: '~'- omy. Plans are under way for I am only a country woman and I a second operating room and a library. can't read, but I'll tell about our so- -Western India Notes. ciety. We live in the country and Cholera Outbreak there is no one to help us or show us how we ought to do things. We don't even know how to pray proper- worshipers were not satisfied. ly, as we've never had a real opportu- In the recent outbreak of "It is true you have conquered nity to learn anything much, but we cholera in the United Provinces, the day-water 'djinns,'" they met regularly anyhow and did the 15,000 cases, out of 30,000, are best we knew. reported to have died. Fortysaid, "but how about those who four out of forty-eight districts inhabit the water at night?" The Here is a list of activities, are affeded. According to the challenge was accepted, and taken at random from reports Associated Press, entire villages thirteen boys swam safely across read: the lake at midnight. have been wiped out. Giving information regarding tem- The first crew of boys to pad- perance and missionary work of other India is one of the world's dle a boat through the city, lands. greatest cholera danger spots, about thirty years ago, hid them- Supporting Christian p rim a r y with more than 400,000 cases selves under b I a n k e t s, so schools for non-Christian children. every year. The ignorance and ashamed were they as sons of the educated to be seen engaged Helping support widows and or- superstition of the common in manual work. In various phans by sewing and other activities. ways the school is modifying people hinder the efforts of the the social customs of Kashmir. Conducting a nursery school in a officials to cope with the disease. For example, the rule that boys needy neighborhood. Native custom requires that under 18 who marry must pay double fees to enter the school Doing voluntary evangelistic work, bodies of cholera victims be is an effective method of reduc- usually in villages. thrown into streams, instead of ing the number of early mar- being buried or burned, and any riages. More than fifty widowed Conducting Sunday schools. attempt on the part of the govgirls have remarried in the past Supervising primary schools. ten years-another old custom Selling Christian literature (one ernment to prevent this is met dethroned. There is a new atti- enterprising woman sold over 100 tude toward the suffering of ani- Christian booklets to delegates in one with opposition. However, the mals; many boys are entering day). government is making every ef- Teaching illiterates to read. Teaching sewing, crocheting, knit- fort to deal with the problem on ting, etc. a large scale by using mass in- Helping small village societies to oculation and disinfection of conduct their meetings. dwellings as rapidly as possible. Cleaning the church, each woman voluntarily taking a turn.

-Western India Notes.

the veterinary profession. Bet- Bright Spots at Miraj Converts Walk 100 Miles ter still, more consideration is being shown the sick and afflict- Miraj Hospital is known all It is news when we hear of ed. There is a marked spiritual Christians so anxious to attend influence in the school, where over the world as one of the few a Christian service they will 1,400 boys and 280 girls are be- self-supporting mission instituing prepared for life. tions, and is unique in its being walk one hundred miles in order the only hospital to support a to be present. A group of eleven -The Christian. medical school. It is especially men in the Telugu area agreed Women to the Fore known for its surgery, a repu- they would walk the fifty miles tation which the late Sir Wil- there and fifty back to attend Daily papers in India indicate liam Wanless and Charles E. the conference in Hindpur. Then how rapidly women are coming Vail established. Notable acqui- they decided to make an evanto the front in politics, education sitions of the past year were the gelistic campaign of it so and social service, while their deep X-ray and the ambulance. preached in the villages en progress in the field of Christian Patients suffering from deep- route, and in order that they religion is becoming more and seated cancer, who were turned might reach as many villages as more noteworthy. This was away formerly because nothing possible with their witness, they

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

decided to return by a different Evangelism Among Bunnans result will be is not yet foreseen. route. Not only did they walk Educators find themselves in an 100 miles but it cost them at A writer in the National impossible situation. On the lease nine days' wages for the Christian Council Review asserts one hand, they face the humiliprivilege of attending the s e that Burma is today as strongly ating demands of the arrogant meetings. The leader of the Buddhist as it has ever been; invading army. On the other, group, who is a cripple, told and if the non-Burman Christian they must reckon with the risfriends how God had supplied community were removed, the ing tide of Chinese patriotism all their needs and kept them Church would number not more which suspects every attempt at from harm along the way, his than 15,000. Some have main- accommodation with the conface fairly beaming as he told it. tained that the time has come to querors as incipient treason. abandon work in Burma· and Sooner or later, the missions -Darkness and Light. concentrate upon more respon- will find it impossible to main- sive peoples, such as the Karens tain even a semblance of neu- Santal Christian Council and Chins, and thus form a ring trality under such conditions. of Christian people around the For the mission colleges in the An unusual feature of the land, trusting that the evangel- Peiping area, that time has evi- Santal Christian Council held ization of Burma will ensue. dently arrived. last February was that all the sessions, both devotional and The Burman cannot be said -Christian Century. business, were held in the Santal to be antagonistic to Christianlanguage. There were 14 Euro- ity. The message does not Farm Cooperatives for pean and American, and about arouse opposition. The Burman Refugees 40 Santal representatives pres- is influenced by public opinion ent. An entire session was which regards Christianity in a Plans are being developed to given to a discussion of the Sad- political rather than in a reli- form cooperative communities hu Movement. Sad h u s are gious light. The Burman Bud- of farmer refugees. It is estiknown as "clean people," and dhist attitude toward Burmese mated that between fifteen and they urge the Santal to give up Christians is that they have cut twenty million Chinese have eating unclean things, chickens, themselves off from the life of been driven off their lands in pigs., goats and sheep being their country by associating the devastated war zone, and classed as such. They urge the with the foreign cult. Preach- only heroic efforts by the Inter- Santals to worship the sun. The ing and routine work will not national Red Cross and similar fact that they respond to this bring the Burman into the agencies can save most of them teaching is proof of a heart Christian Church. He will from starvation before the end hunger which makes it all the change his religion only if he of next winter. Something more more imperative that they be cannot get away from the fact is needed than merely to feed given a chance to hear the that the new religion is better and clothe these helpless hordes, Christian message. than the old in the quality of and this something is now be- character it produces. ing sought by setting up in Two other subjects. discussed sparsely settled parts of China, were rural education and evan- CHINA AND TIBET far removed from the battle gelism. The following points lines where the likelihood of inwere indicated as essential: Japanese Orders Defied vasion is sma II, cooperative farming settlements. The money Training in handwork as well as Three Christian universities required to start these is coming academic subjects. in Peiping have risked their fu- in part from the Chinese gov- ture existence by refusing to ernment and in part from Chi- The use of materials easily avail- comply with orders to partici- nese banks. able in the district in which the school pate in celebrations of the Japis located, such as date palm leaves, anese occupation. The schools This establishment of farm jute and bamboo. involved are the Protestant cooperatives may have a far- Yenching University, the Ameri- reaching and permanent social Opportunities for gardening and can Catholic Fujen University importance in China. Perhaps the study of methods of improving and the French Catholic Peiping this may be one of the ways in agricultural work. University. The presidents of which an unexpected good may all three were ordered to hoist come out of the present evil of A cottage plan of hostel especially the flag of the puppet provision- war. for girls, and training in domestic al government, to make speeches science and the care of children. against Chiang Kai-shek's gov- Emergency Fund for Colleges ernment, to call on Japanese Opportunities for self-government army officers and tender official Nearly 4,500 individuals and in the hostel; responsibilities in the "thanks" for the Japanese in- organizations in the United Church and of service in· the village. vasion, and to send telegrams to States have united to raise an Chinese abroad denouncing Chi- emergency fund of $300,000 to The need for a positive faith, ang Kai-shek as "the arch crim- ensure the continuance of the 13 backed up by the testimony of a inal of eastern Asia." What the American – supported women's Christian life, was emphasized, as was also the need for a program of adult education among rural Santals.

-N a t ion a l Christian Council Review.

and coeducational colleges in Shantung Christian University, dhist theories in the form of a China, as the consummation of a seven months' campaign. The and the Central Government "Wheel of Life." The six reproject was undertaken by the National Emergency Committee University at Nanking have all gions of rebirth are painted on for Christian Colleges in China. moved to Chengtu. Dean S. N. a scroll which ranges from two This Christian educational work was begun by Americans Cheer, noted Chinese medical feet to several feet square, and as early as 1864. Some of the thirteen institutions have been educator and graduate of Har- which can readily be rolled and forced to leave their buildings temporarily; others have been vard, who has been in charge of unrolled. It occurred to misbombed, and are now in dugouts on the campus, but all of them the government medical school sionaries in Tibet that a Chrishave managed to maintain some, or all of their programs through- at Nanking, has been placed in tian Tibetan scroll on the lines out the past year. The total annual budget of the 13 colleges is charge of outpatient and inpa- of those used in the country normally about $1,600,000, of which a little more than $1,000,- tient clinical instruction at would be a novel and effective 000 comes from western sources and the remainder from Chi- Chengtu, thus centering almost way of presenting the Christian nese resources. Prevailing war conditions have reduced radical- all Chinese medical education in ". message. Services of Mr. John ly their income from Chinese sources, necessitating this spe- this one institution. ""Carey were secured, and he has cial fund of $300,000 both to replace losses of normal income -Christian Advocate. made some very beautiful paintand to meet heavy emergency expenditures. ings showing the life of Christ Another Rockefeller Gift Evangelizing Tibet and some of the parables. A lo- cal touch is given by depicting The Rockefeller Foundation Mass movements are not like- the learned men questioning J ehas made a grant of $35,000 for ly to occur in Tibet where travel sus in the temple as dressed like new buildings and modern is difficult and villages are sep- the lamas of Tibet. equipment at the University arated by mountainous districts. Hos.pital of West China Union Furthermore, the people are The scrolls, six of them, are University, Chengtu, Szechwan like the soil on which they live each sewn on to material of yel- Province. In addition to this -arid and stony. Statistically, low, blue and red, the colors gift, the University has received there is not much to show for used by the lamas. Each scroll $50,000 fro m an American the effort put forth to spread is carried in a sheath made of Methodist and $175,000 from tin with loops so that a string or sources in China. With its new the knowledge of Christ; yet leather strap can be attached equipment the University Hos- there is no doubt that the evan- when the evangelist goes on pital will have 275 beds and gelists who live among the peo- tour. -Moravian Missions. educational facilities for 150 ple and show the Christian medical students in nor mal times. In the present war emer- example are exerting a strong MISCELLANEOUS gency it has 325 medical stu- influence. An experiment is bedents from all parts of China. ing tried by opening a Gospel World Outlook for West China Union University, Inn for pilgrims and travelers Christianity "isolated" in the recesses of West China and far from the to and from Central Asia. The The World Alliance of Rewar area, is now the acknowl- object of this venture is to pro- formed Churches appraised the edged educational center of the vide lodging for these people, outlook for evangelical Chrisnation. It is a missionary in- and to tell them the Good News, tianity, and finds that in some stitution in which American besides distributing the Scrip- countries it is improving, in Methodists and Baptists, the tures to them on their depar- others declining. Adverse con- United Church of Canada, the ture. It is hoped later on to ditions affect the evangelical Friends of Great Britain, and keep an evangelist permanently churches in Italy, Germany, the Church of England combine posted in the Gospel Inn, and Ethiopia, Egypt, Chosen, Forto maintain. Faculties and stu- improve its usefulness as an mosa, Manchukuo, Russia, Spain dents of the University of Nan- evangelistic agency as circum- and Belgium. Protestantism, king, the School of Medicine of stances permit. however, is either growing or holding its own in Scandinavia, Another is the industrial proj- Holland, Switzerland, France, ect, intended to help indigent Czechoslovakia, Poland, Ruma- Christians to tide over a period nia, Greece, Hungary, India and of financial hardship, but the Africa. Finding a "marked re- isolation gives ve r y limited vival of Calvanism in the scope for such an enterprise. It Ref 0 r m e d and Presbyterian is encouraging that the little churches of Europe," the report attributes this in part to "the group of Christians in a village influence of the writings of Karl called oSheh are planning to build Barth." There is no doubt that a small church, independent of the attack of neo-paganism on any help from the Mission. -Baptist Missionary Review.

Christian Tibetan Scroll the Christian Church is driving evangelical church bodies in Eu- The traveler in Tibet frequent- rope back to the Biblical and ly meets in villages a pictorial spiritual fundamentals of their representation of current Bud- faith.-Watchman-Examiner.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

By-Product of Missions baptized converts among the year over 1936," the report states. Married women com- Missionary activity is not heathen and Moslems in the prised' 73 per cent and single limited to the field of religion, same period was 2,000,000, or women 17 per cent of this total, but flows over into other realms, one to every 525 of the heathen widows and divorcees making up and one important by-product and Moslem population. The the remainder. Their average is the contribution which mis- same degree of success among age was 41.5 years, the youngest sionaries have made to science, heathen and Moslems as among being 25 and the' oldest 65. Last especially in such fields as phi- Jews would have shown 7,000,- year's total is 115 per cent lology, geography, anthropology 000 converts, instead of 2,000,- greater than that of 1933, and and the study of ethnic religions. 000. Three times as many Jewish 159.5 per cent above the average Their contributions have often converts enter the Gospel min- yearly total number of women been of eminent importance, be- istry as of converts from among patients during the period from cause they have usually grown the heathen. A careful com- 1916 through 1936. out of a long personal contact parison of facts shows that no with the subject treated and mission field of modern times Turtle Eggs-Novel bear the stamp of a thorough has been so fruitful as the J ewand minute acquaintance, in viv- ish. Contribution id contrast with so many weak, theorizing productions of the se- The Great Delusion Dr. Albert W. Beaven, who cluded study rooms of univer- has made a recent visit to Bapsities. The New York Sun reports tist Missions in the Far East, these facts for those to ponder says that one of the queerest in- Progressive Ministry to Lepers who have thought that the li- cidents of the trip was one censing of strong drink would man's contribution of 4,000 tur- A summary of the past year's help America financially and tle eggs as his offering toward work of the Mission to Lepers otherwise: the Burma Baptist Convention. evidences an increasing scope of Some churches responded by this Christ-like ministry. Here In three years the Federal sending bags of rice, some a are some of the advances: in- government was defrauded of whole ox, while another church creased accommodations and $1,800,000 in alcohol taxes, and sent 2,000 ducks for entertain- New York State of $900,000. Five illicit stills were discovered, larger numbers in its institu- with capacities ranging from ing the 4,300 delegates. But one tions; a steadily increasing num- 200 to 500 gallons. More than man who specialized in turtle ber of out-patients; more service 500,000 gallons of alcohol were eggs sent 4,000 of them. These, for healthy children of lepers. distributed annually by the ring. being very perishable, had to be This work is developing rapidly Whiskey dispensed consisted of kept in wet sand in the basein India, especially. In China the a blend of alcohol, water, some ment of the church, and because need for such work is becoming coloring matter and a portion of of heat and humidity had to be more and more apparent, and in so-called "cooked whiskey." In turned over every ten hours to the widely affected areas of Af- this way 500,000 gallons of al- keep them from germinating. rica it is now realized how much cohol were converted into 1,000,- The entire time of two people can be done in this direction. 000 gallons of bad whiskey. It was required just to turn turtle The Children's Hospital Home was used chiefly by bars and res- eggs. in Uganda is an outstanding taurants to refill empty bottles Much has been written about example. Transcending all this that bore advertised brands and the missionary giving of the alleviation, is the spiritual com- labels of popular liquors. Karens, their self-supporting fort that is being brought to the Here was a triple delusion. churches and their evangelistic sufferers. This phase of the The government was cheated out work. Dr. Beaven was amazed work is proven of value in pro- of tax revenue. The legalized to find, instead of the bamboo, moting physical recovery. liquor industry suffered from thatch-c 0 v ere d shed for a -Life of Faith. illegal competition. The drink- church, a magnificent concrete ers were deceived into thinking and b ric k structure, seating Some Facts About Jews the bottles handed them by bar- from twelve to fifteen hundred According to the J ewish Year tenders contained what the la- people and with a pipe organ that probably cost about $15,000, Book the number of Jews bels said. throughout the world is over The K eel e y Institute at all paid for by the Karens 16,000,000. In the nineteenth Dwight, Illinois, reports that themselves. The seven or eight century 72,000 Jews accepted more women alcoholics took the other buildings, including high Protestant baptism, not to men- Keeley cure in 1937 than in any schools and dormitories, were tion the 132,000 baptized into previous year since 1915, and built 'and paid for by Karen the Greek and Roman Catholic the total number of patients of money. This in the face of the Churches. This is one Protes-' both sexes last year was the fact t hat the average Karen worker's income is from eighttant convert to every 156 of the largest since 1907. Jewish population at the end of "Women patients at the insti- een to twenty-five cents a day.

that century. The number of tute'increased 57.6 per cent last -Watchman-Examiner.

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information A History of the Expansion of Chris- jacket Df this vDlume which ….ance and especially what they tianity. (Vol. II.) The Thousand bears the symbDls Df falling pil- called the HDly Spirit-by their Years of Uncertainty-A. D. 500 to lars Df Crusader and MDslem very nature led to' variety and A. D. 1500. By Kenneth Scott La- tourette. Maps, Chronological Table warriDr; but the CrDss sur- to' extensive prDliferatiDn." This and Index. pp. 492. $3.00. Harper & Brothers, New York. mDunts the crescent and there is in line with the prDfessed in- are stars in the night-sky. One tentiDn Df the writer to' be "his- The first vDlume O'f this unsurpassed histO'ry Df the ex- reads these chapters with kin- tDrical and whDlly Dbjective" in pansiDn O'f Christianity was dling faith; thDugh God may his treatment Df the subject; reviewed at sO'me length (see December REVIEW, page 573). hide Himself, yet His truth and but his statement dDes nDt satisfy The purpDse and SCDpe Df the great wO'rk remain the same and right will win the day at last. Christians. every page bears the marks Df schDlarship and wide research. The treatment of sO' large a . Elsewhere the authDr ex- PrDfessor LatDurette has a clear theme is topical rather than presses his cDnvictiDn that Dnly style and does not waste wDrds. chrDnological. In the Introduc- thel"impDnderable"JDrces (sure- He Dmits nO'thing essential Dr tion we read: germane to' his theme and gives ly he means the HDly Spirit) "gDDd measure, pressed down, shaken tDgether and running First we will describe the conver- kept the Church alive and alight Dver" with very valuable fDO't- sion of those peoples who came into in medieval darkness. In dealnDtes. ing with the witness Df the the faith through Roman Catholicism, The title Df ProfessDr Latour- next of those who derived their faith martyrs and the patience Df the ette's book is arresting. The from Greek Christianity, and then re- saints during these dark days millenium Df racial migratiDns, count the territorial progress of the we IDng fDr a flash Df light and barbarian invasiDns and Islamic Nestorians and of the Syrian and fire. Even the stDry Df RaycDnquests seemed to be highly Coptic J acobites. Then chronologicalunfavDrable to' the spread Df ly we will double back on our tracks mund Lull is tDld in a rather Christianity. The hearts of the and tell of the spread of Islam and of lukewarm fashiDn, althDugh the faithful were perplexed. "At the the reverses which it brought to facts are faithfully chrDnicled. clDse Df the fifth century, Chris- But as Dne reads page after page tianity had becDme master Df Christianity. Next we will narrate the of the stDry Df the spread Df RDthe Mediterranean wDrld, which efforts of Christians to regain the was still, in spite Df its decay, ground lost to Islam and to carry man CathDlic Christianity in the majDr cultural centre Df their faith beyond the eastern bounds Spain, Gaul and NDrthern Eumankind. Within the next three of Islam into the lands of the Far rDpe, Df the missiDnary wDrk Df centuries it had IDSt abDut half East. Finally we will note the fresh this area and in the pDrtiDn outbursts of Moslem peoples which in the NestDrians in Ambia, Cenwhich still prDfessed the faith the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries tral Asia, China and India, Dne the level of civilizatiDn had dis- wiped Christianity from the map in is cDnfirmed in the cDnfessiDn: tinctly fallen." much of Asia and threatened it in "I believe in the HDly CathDlic Southeastern Europe. Following this The story Df these thDusand account of the varyin~ fortunes in the Church." years is black with tragedy, but expansion of the faith we will adnDt withDut rays Df hope. dress ourselves to the questions of the This secDnd vDlume Df PrD- effect of Christianity upon its en- Thrice blest is he to whom is given vironment and of the effect of the fessDr LatDurette's magnum The instinct that can tell environment upon Christianity. opus is a specific against all the That God is on the field when He Is most invisible. And the marvel is that such parDchialism and prDvincialism wealth Df material, such a sweep The entire hymn by F. W. Fa- across Europe and Central Asia, Df thDse whO' sDmetimes seem to' ber might have been put on the such a crDwding Df a thDusand years intO' Dne day, in Dne bDDk, think that Church history be- does nDt apparently Dver-tax the writer nor weary the reader. It gan with the RefDrmatiDn Dr is a great achievement. One sentence in the IntrDduction we with the DisruptiDn in SCDt- regret, where the author speaks Df the FDunder Df Christianity: land! Our LDrd Jesus Christ "The experiences which came to' His disciples after the crucifix- was head Df His church all iDn – the resurrectiDn appear- thrDugh all these thDusand dark years and made even the wrath Df men to' praise Him. He was cDntinually working Dut his eternal purpDse Df IDve in the midst Df human failure and un- certainty. S. M. ZWEMER.

[446 ] S. J. W. Clark. A Vision of Foreign presented here, are his lack of Forward Through the Ages. By Jesse emphasis on the importance of R. WHson. 139 pp. $1.00. The Missions. By Roland Allen. 12mo. prayer, his failure to state the 170 pp. 28. 6d. World Dominion Judson Press, Philadelphia. 1938. Press. 1938. This small but important book This unusual story of a Chris- necessity of the spiritual new contains a readable summary of tian business man should be read birth and the spiritual qualifica- "missions and missionaries of by every missionary and every tions for missionaries; there is yesterday and today." Mr. Wilexecutive of missions. In seven also no clear statement as to our son has written out of rich exjourneys, (from 1905 to 1924) dependence on the Holy Spirit in perience, first as a missionary in Japan, then as general secretary Mr. Clark looked into foreign the calling and preparation of of the Student Volunteer Movemission work as a pioneer "fact missionaries and in the actual ment; since 1936 he has been finder." He formed his own work that is being done on each western field secretary of the opinions as to the results of the field and in the offices at home. American Baptist Foreign Miswork and the way in which mis- Mr. Clark had positive convic- sions Society. It is an excellent sions should be conducted effi- tions and courage; he stood for book to put into the hands of ciently to be in accord with the new and better methods, rather young people and members of teachings of Christ and the ex- than for more life and better missionary societies. Even those ample of the early Apostles. As personnel; for finer mechanics who are well read in missionary a result, he severely but con- rather than for greater dynamic: literature will like its admirably structively criticized the work of clear and sympathetic survey mission boards to their face. He Der Arbeitslohn in China. By Prof. and evaluation of foreign miswas convinced that too much at- Dr. Paul Arndt, Dr. Djini-Schen sions, past and present. tention has been given to "dig- and Dr. Chii-Fen-Lo. Hans Buske. ging in" on the mission field, and Verlag. Leipzig. A. J. B. too little to surveying the fields in order to understand the need .Every missionary to China Who Is the Holy Spirit? By Henry and to evangelize the vast un- ~Ill find profit from reading this W. Flrost. 12mo. 124 pages. occupied areas. He believed that $1.25. Fleming H. Revell Co., New the Gospel of Christ must be mformabve boo k, evidently York. 1938. widely scattered as "living written after much knroeswelaerdcgh~ Many Christians are like the Seed," that the Bible must be and fro m first-hand disciples at Ephesus in that they of the field.

given to all mankind as the Word The 3,000 years of feudalism have scarcely "heard whether of God. He advocated the use of in China duplicated many condi- there is any Holy Spirit." Much "simplified script." Mr. Clark tions found in the world today, less do they understand His naheld that native leaders must be and suggests the way to organic ture, offices and relation to trained and indigenous churches cooperation among various eco- themselves. It is one of the most should be established and taught nomic groups. The study of important subjects in Christian to be self-supporting from the wages is fruitful for the scholar theology and life. Huge volumes start; and that these Christian the agriculturist, the mechanic: have been written in attempts churches must be the real agen- the tradesman and other work- to interpret the Scripture teachcies for the evangelization of ers, but not to the militarist ings. Here is a simple, clear their own people. What he stood whose life is built on the phi- and practical study that takes tip for deserves the attention of mis- losophy of force. briefly the Spirit's personality, sionary executives today. When This book traces the primal offices, baptism, filling, em- Mr. Clark died a few years ago social cell of China to ancestral powering and other subtopics. he left his fortune to make pos- relations, and then through prop- It is wholly Biblical with a few sible the world surveys of the erty holding, bartering and the -too few-facts of Church his- W 0 rId Dominion Movement. problems of industrial difficul- tory and personal experience to Mr. Clark's main principles in- ties. In an estimated population show how the Holy Spirit has cluded: (1) an organized, well- of 474,820,000 there are about been carrying out the predicconsidered plan for the evan- 78,568,245 families, of which , tions of the New Testament. Dr. gelization of the whole world; 80 % are active in agriculture. Frost 'has rendered a real serv- (2) cooperation and coordina- ice, especially to pastors and tion among all evangelical Chris- The economic facts help the young Christians, in giving us tian forces; (3) special empha- missionary to gauge not only the this illuminating and undersis on evangelization, rather condition of the people but the standable presentation of what than on institutional work; (4) possible support that may be ex- is to many a difficult or negan unpaid native ministry and a pected for the Church and its in- lected-but very vital-subject. stitutions. While there is no self-supporting native church from the beginning; and the de- direct reference to the Christian Following in His Train. By Mrs. J. missionary enterprise, every- W. Cox. 8 vo. 217 pp. 60 cents. velopment of truly indigenous thing in the book bears some re- Boardman Press, Nashville, Tenn. churches, independent of foreign lation to missions and to all life 1938. control. as related to sound economic Mrs. Cox, the wife of a deacon The essential elements that we principles. in the First Baptist church in miss in Mr. Clark's program, as JOHN M. G. DARMS. Memphis, Tenn., was for a time

President of the Woman's Mis- by friends and critics, by evan- would not accept her as a mis- sionary Union. Her chronicle gelists and by men of little faith sionary until she was twenty- of the women's missionary work in the things for which D. L. five, so she filled the intervening of the Southern Baptist Conven- Moody stood committed. These time with the study of medicine, tion is filled too much with seek to set forth the man, his and sailed for Africa in 1919.

names and dates to be popular message, his achievements and Her life was crowded with rich in style, but it gives evidences the secret of his power. All see experiences and achievements, of devoted service and real in him a great man who wielded interestingly recorded in this achievement. a vast influence and left a last- biography. Miss Veenstra died ing impression, but all are inade- in 1933, but the work goes on Dannie and the Alabaster Box. By quate. with signs of blessing.

Constance Savery. 12 mo. 62 Mr. Wilson, a Christian jour- H. H. F. pages. 9d. Pickering & Inglis, Glasgow. nalist, who never knew Mr. ""l'he Presbyterians: The Story of a Moody but has seen the results Stanch and Sturdy People. By An active, mischief-loving boy, through the dramatic, vivid of his work and sympathizes William Thompson Hanzsche. 194 stories of a former missionary, pp. $1.25. The Westminister with his faith and purpose, ha~ Press, Philadelphia. 1938. here tried to interpret the becomes enthusiastic in the "Meaning of Moody." He suc- Ministers, members of Prescause. When Dannie was kept ceeds in giving us many interat home by illness and could not esting glimpses of the man and byterian churches and other stu- attend the big Missionary Ex- some idea of the secret of his dents of religion will doubtless hibition, "Uncle Arthur" made power, but they are only frag- agree with Professor Gaius up for his disappointment by mentary glimpses and ideas. Jackson Slosser of Western telling him thrilling stories of Most of the biographical ma- Theological Seminary, that this Red Tiger, the converted robber terial given here deals with Mr. "is a distinct contribution to of India. He suggested ways Moody's early years, before he historical literature." In brief by which even a small boy could gave all his time to evangelistic compass it gives the main facts earn money to help send the work-in other words to the first regarding the founding and de- Gospel to people whose religious half of his life. velopment of Presbyterianism in beliefs often caused them to Mr. Wilson clearly points out treat even little children cruelly. that D. L. Moody's one aim was the United States, with some ac- count of home missions, but A treasured "Alabaster Box," only a short reference to the brought from India by Uncle Arthur, was chosen by enthusi- to exalt Christ and to win men extensive foreign missionary astic Dannie to hold their gifts to Him – not to himself. He w 0 r k 0 f the Presbyterian says: "I am one who doubts that Moody will ever pass out of the Church. The author, who is a and Dannie enlists his sister, pastor in Trenton, N. J., and a Charlotte, and many 0 the r friends in the good work. His picture. I doubt it because former edito,r of The Presbyenthusiasm, coupled with his Moody was never in any picture terian Magazine, has written in love of mischief, gets him into some pretty serious situations, that did not include the Cross of a fine irenic spirit, declaring and invites frequent correction. Christ. It is not Moody's par- The children are so bluntly that, while "we need to hold to truthful, that they often cause ticular job that explains his great amusement. meaning. It is the fact that he our standards in a world which became big enough for whatever job might be ahead of him. 'God apparently has no standards at is able,' he would say. Love will all, we need to be sympathetic find a way; and this means that to the viewpoint of other Chris- tians." A. J. B.

The small boy seems almost a man filled with the love of God Youth in the Toils. By L. V. Hartoo well informed, and too well becomes the capable man that rison and P. McN. Grant. 167 pp. acquainted with books, for a the world needs." $1.50. Macmillan, New York. 1938. child of seven but the story is bright, interesting and dramatic. Johanna of Nigeria. By Henry Beets. This study has two objectives: 8vo. 228 pp. Grand Rapids Print- to state a very real social proband should help any child or ing Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. 1937. lem of every large city, and to a d u I t to become missionary stir public sentiment to the point This is the life story of a of dealing with it. Mr. Harrison Ir.inded. L. W. P. Dutch Mary Slessor. Johanna is an outstanding criminologist The Meaning of Moody. By P. Whit- Veenstra was born in Paterson, and Mr. Grant has devoted his well Wilson. Illustrated. 12mo. N. J., of sturdy Dutch parent- life to boy probleIru3. The book 151 pp. $1.50. Fleming H. Revell age and at the age of sixteen includes actual stories of delin- Co., New York. 1938. worked in the Gospel Mission quent boys, some told in their One of the evidences of the conducted by Peter Starn. One own language, showing what greatness of D. L. Moody is the day at a Training Institute she made them delinquent. These fact that no biographer, and no heard Dr. Karl Kumm explain "case studies" indicate how difnumber of biographers do justice his idea of a chain of. Christian ferent handling might have to his life and work or fully por- missions across Africa asa bul- made good citizens, in place of tray him. We have "Lives" by wark to stem the tide of Islam. criminals. It is a timely book his two sons and his son-in-law, The Sudan United Mis s ion for this present day. H. H. F.

Book. Chiang Kai-Shek: Soldier and States- Foreign Missions Conference

man. Hollington K. Tong. 2 vola. North America. Report of Forty- 322 and 359 pp. Each vol. 158. fifth Annual Meetin(r. 188. pp. Missionary Arrives in Brazil A. T. Hum & Blackett, London. $1.35. Foreign MiSSIOns CoBler- Bentley Duncan. Svo. 192 pp. ence, New York. 28. 8d. Pickering & Inglis, London. Strong Man of China: Storr of Chiang Kai-Shek. 288 pp. ,3.00. W orId's Need of Religion, The. Pr0- New Testament, The. John Wesley's Houghton Mimin, New York. ceedings of World Congresa of Translation. Introduction by George Faiths, Oxford, 1937. 189 pp. 68. C. Cell 891 ])p. John C. Winston Christian Missions in Mid-India. J. Nicholson & Watson, London. Co., Phi1adelplUa. W. Pickett. 111 pp. 12aB. Jub- bulpore Mission Press. Educational Missions at Work. Ed- Forward Through the Ages. Jesse R. ited by H. P. Thompson. DIu. 128 Wilson. 189 pp~ $1.00. Judson Niger Ibos. G. T. Basden. Map. Il- pp. lB. 6d. S. P. G., London. Press, Philadelphia. Ius. 448 pp. 2lB. Seeley, Service, London. Buddhist Sects of Japan. E. Steinil- E,!aqelize or Fossilize. Herbert her-Oberlin and Kuni Matsuo. Lockyer. 92 pp. Bible Institute, Gambia: Country, People and Translated from the French. 308 Chicago. Church. John Laughton. DIus. 38 pp. 108.6d. Allen & Unwin, Lon- Seeing London With My Young pp. 6et. S. P. G., London. don. Friend&. C. A. Puncker. 144 pp. Drama of Madagascar, The. Sonia F. 28. Pickeding & Inglis, London. Howe. 359 pp. 158. Methuen, Christianity Explained to Muslims. L. Bevan Jones. 225 ])3). Rs 8. Roman Catholicism and F.reedom. London. Y. M. C. A. Publishing House, Cal- Cecil J. Cadoux. 207 pp. 58. In- cutta. dependent Press, London. Interpretative Statistical Survey of the World Mission of Christianity. An Open Letter to J ewa and Chris- Church Can Save the World, The. Edited by Joseph I. Parker. 331 tians. John Cournos. 188 pp. Samuel M. Shoemaker. 162 pp. pp. $5.00. International Mssion- $2.00. Oxford University Press, $1.60. Harper Bros., New York. ary Council, New York. New York.

Century of Mission Work in Basuto- Directory of World MiNions. Ed- Some ASl!ects of Religious Liberty land. V. Ellenbe}"ger. 882 pp. ited by Joeeph I. Parker. 382 pp. of Nationals in the Near East. Sesuto Book Dept., Morija, Basuto- $2.00. International Miseionary Compiled by Helen C. M. Davis. 182 land. – Council, New York. pp. ,3.00. Harper Bros., New York.

Children of the Rising Sun. Willard Sir, We Would See Jesus. D. T. Church and the Tribulation, The. Price. 816_ 3)p. $3.00. Reynal & Niles. 128 pp. 28. Student Chris- C. F. Hogg and W. E. Vine. 68 pp. Hitchcock, New York. tian Movement, London. 6d. Pickering & Inglis, London.

Send in Your Order Now for The October-Special India-Number of THE MISSIONARY ~'VlRID Some Leading Articles by Leading Authors with Maps, Chart., Illustrations INDIA AS A MISSION FIELD TODAY ……………… Alexander McLeish WHAT CHRIST HAS DONE FOR INDIA …………………… A Record THE UNTOUCHABLES AND THE GOSPEL ………… Bishop of Domakal • INDIAN RELIGIONS TODAY …………………….. Nicol Macnicol ATTITUDE OF INDIAN STUDENTS TOWARD CHRIST …….. A. Ralla Ram. OUTLOOK FOR CHRISTIANITY IN INDIA ………….. E. Stanley Jones.

INDIAN ASHRAMS AND SADHUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rev. Father Lash • HOME MISSIONS OF THE INDIAN CHURCH ………….. Thomas David CHRISTIAN VILLAGES IN INDIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. Z. Hodge OUTSTANDING INDIAN CHRISTIANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. D. Devanandham NOTABLE MISSIONARIES TO INDIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. E. Abraham INDIAN ATTITUDE TOWARD CHRIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E. N. Wells • Expected but not yet received.

ORDER COPIES FOR YOURSELF AND YOUR SOCIETY, BEFORE THE EDITION IS SOLD OUT 25 cents a copy $20.00 a hundred $2.50 a year THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor ROBERT E. SPEER, President

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Edilor.. SA..,.UEL M. ZWEMER, EDWIN E. CALVERLEY SOME ARTICLES IN THE JULY NUMBER Islam a Sevenfold Problem Samuel M. Zwemer "Some Libraries of _Cairo ,William M. Randall Islam in Sumatra Raymond L. Archer Allah Before Islam F. V. Winnett AI KUmai1: Companion of die Secret Dwi&ht M .. Donaldson 'The Moslem Antagonist Robert S. Darbishire Sins and Their Punishment in ISlam Francis T. Coo'lce Church and State in the Near East • Alfm-d Carleton A Theological Poem ' I. Lowrie Andenon Book Reviews-Current Topics ,f Survey of Periodicals Sue Molleson Foster _ ~ SUBSCRIBE NOW I( II[ '0 Cents a Copy. $2.00 a Year (postpaid) In combination with THE MOSLEM WORLD THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City '3.50 a Year. (Foreign Postage, 50 Cents.) ',…

British Agents: MARSHALL, MORGAN It SCOTT, 12 Patemoster Buildings, London, E. C. Price in Great Britain, Eight S~gs a Year, net THE LIFE OF GEORGE BOWEN, OF BOMBAY By ROBERT E. SPEER 'Ibis is the biography of a very remarkable Christian missionary to India and for twenty years the inBuential and able editor of the Bombay Guardian. Dr. J. Sumner Stone"c;alled him, "The White Yogt..

When George Bowen died i~ 1888 there was call for a worthy biography but its preparation was delayed. Later all the biographical material-including his diaries, letters, reminiscences, and the books and pamphlets of which he was author-was turned over to Dr. Speer. This material has now been put into shape for publication and the result is a frank and stimulating picture of the man,-his experiences, unique character, forceful views and methods of work. Here is a life story that is of absorbing interest and will richly reward the thoughtful reader. The book is now ready for delivery.

CONTENTS I. Family of George Bowen. XI. ADecisive Year, 1849. II. Boyhood and Youth. XII. From 1850 to 1855. III. Three Years Abroad. XIII. Ten Years' of Independent Work. Life in New York, 1840-1844. XIV. The Bombay Guaraian. IV. Illumination of a Hopeless Love. XV. Relations with the American Board. V. Conversion to Christianity. XVI. Association with the Methodist Church. VI. At Union Theological Seminary. XVII. Bowen as a Writer. VII. XVIII; Correspondence with Henry W. Rankin. VIII. His Missionary Appointment. Cosing Testimony. IX. The Voyage to Incha, 1847. XIX. X. Beginning Missionary Work.

This latest work. by Dr. Speer may be ordered at $2.50 per copy from THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY- 186 Fifth Avenue. New York

The Missionary Review of the World — March 1938

1938

The Present Situation in China . Frank W. Price The Wind Shifts in Mexico By a Resident 0/ the Republic A Visit to Beautiful Formosa George H. Winn Religious Situation in Soviet Russia Nicholas Arseniev A Trip Into Closed Afghanistan J. Christy Wilson The New Outlook in India Alexander McLeish Foreign Mission Appeals Today H. Kerr Taylor ZS Cents a Cop, $2.50 a YeaT

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ica's Greatest Theological Teachers. March 4-World Day of Prayer. March 23-24 – United Stewardship Winona Lake School of Theology, Winona Lake, Indiana Council, Columbus, Ohio. For MinUte…, Teacher., Mla.ionarie., Sunday Sc:hool Worker. and Laymen April 28-General Conference, Meth- 5 0 Courses leading to Regular Theological Degrees – Cost Reasonable July 12 to August 17 – Two Terms 15 Days Ea.ch – Interdenominational Free odist Episcopal Church, South, Bir- Rooms Evangelical Faith and High Scholarship Combined mingham, Ala. Dr. W. E. BiedenroH, Directo. (Ask for free Prospectus, Dr. l. A. H……. D_ May 12-16-Southern Baptist Conven- tion, Richmond, Va.

May lB-22-General Missionary Con- the preliminary conference of the . tion from Princeton Seminary, in 1887, ference of the Woman's Missionary proposed WorId Council of Churches he married Helen M. Pierson, the eld· Union of Friends in America, to be held at Utrecht, Holland, May est daughter of the late Dr. and Mrs. Whittier, California. Mrs. Bertha Arthur T. Pierson, and together they S. Snmpter, Argonia, Kans., Sec- 9-13. … … • sailed for Japan under appointment retary. bJf'tbe Presbyterian Board of Foreign Dr. W. Bruce Wilson has been Missions. They served successively in May 19-General Assembly, Presby- elected Secretary of the United Pres- Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Kyoto and terian Church in U. S., Meridian, byterian Board of American Missions Shimonoseki, Japan, for thirty years Miss. to fill the vaenncy caused by the death and ten additional years among the of Dr. R. A. Hutchison, on December Japanese in Korea. Tbey were hon- May 2S-General Assembly, United 11. Dr. Wilson became Associate orably retired in 1928 and made their Presbyterian Church !>f Nor t h home in New Haven, Connecticut, un- Amenea, Cleveland, OhiO. • • • Secretary of the Board a year ago. til the death of Mrs. Curtis. They Professor Kenneth S. Latourette are. survived by a daughter, Miss May 26-General Assembly, Presby- will deliver the N. A. Powell Lectures Grace P. Curtis, formerly a mission- terian Church in U. S. A., Philadel- in the Canadian School of Missions, ary in Japan, and three sons, Pierson phia, Pa. Toronto, April 4th to 9th. The last Curtis, Senior Master in the Stony three series of lectures have been Brook School for Boys; Ralph R. May 31-June 4 – Triennial Conven- given by Dr. Nicol MacNicol, Prof. Curtis of Wilton, Connecticut, an offi- tion, and 50th Anniversary, Wom- D. J. Fleming and Dr. Thomas Jesse cial of the New York Central Rail- an's Missionary Society of the Jones. General Synod, Evangelical and Reformed Church, Akron, Ohio.

June 2 – General Synod, Reformed road; and Gordon A. Curtis, formerly Church in America, Asbury Park, N.J. Obituary Note. . . a missionary in China, now Minister June lS-22-General Council of Con- Rev. Frederick S. Curtis, for forty of Music in the Independent Church gregational and Christian Churches, years a Presbyterian missionary in of Wilmington, Delaware.

Beloit, Wisconsin. … Japan and Korea, died on February Rev. Thomas E. Stevenson, "Par- June 2S-July 2-Interdenominational 6th at the home of his brother-in-law, son Tom," of Boulder City, Nevada, Conference of Missions, Eagles Delavan L. Pierson, Upper Montclair, was killed on Christmas Eve by a N.J. . . car with a drunken driver at the Mere, Pa. Mr. Curtis was born in Norwalk, June 2B-July 3-Twentieth Interna- wheel. He had won a fight to keep Connecticut, on October 11, 1861, the liquor out of Boulder City. tional Convention on Christian Edu- son of David Seymour Curtis and cation, Columbus, Ohio. Isabelle Raymond. After his gradua- … September–G e n era I Committee, World's Student Christian Federa- Bishop Elias Cotgell, 80 years old, a great Negro 1eader, died on .!,mn~ December 4. Bishop Cottrell founded tion, Japan. December 13-30-International Mis- of tbe . colleges in M1ississippi, Arkansas, sionary Council, Madras, India. Alabama and Texas.

… …

Mrs. Courtenay H. Fenn, who went ((bri~tian out to China as a missionary of the Per.onal Item. Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., in Dr. John G. Goucher, deceased, JLife 1893, and was recently honorably refounder and benefactor of Aoyama tired, entered into the life beyond on Gakuin in Tokyo, has just received cA BOOK of wonhip in song, com- February 5th from her home in Upper posthumous honor by the dedication bining a hymnal for general Montclair, N. J. Dr. and Mrl!; Fenn church use, and a song book for evan- gave forty years of loving sernce to . . of a bronze medallion placed in a gelistic purposes. Oilly songs sound China and the Chinese. They passed in the laith and inspirational in char- through the siege of the" Legations at large stone in front of Aoyama Ga- Peiping during the Boxer Rebellion in kuin Theological School. 1900. Even now Dr. Fenn del!ires to return to China to revise his Chitlese … acter induded–.emphasizing Evangel- Dictionary. … * * ism, Missions, and the Deeper Life. Paul Rader, former President of Many of the new—the best of the.old. REVIEWS WANTED the Christian, and Missionary Al- Miss Helen Burns, of Miss Michi liance, and afterwards pastor of the 504 Songs Responsive Readings KawaU's Christian School in, Tokyo, Moody Church, Chicago, is in London would like to have back numbers of for five months, ending in May, to Topical Index Gold Embossed THE REVIEW for the use of shut-ins work at Mildmay Center. In the and for program material for their United States he has been pressing Published in round notes and Roxite cloth missionary society. If any of our readthe claims of the World-wide Witness edition only at $65.00 per l00-an especially low price. Single copy, S5c postpaid. Fellowship. … … …

Dr. Lewis S. Mudge, of Philadel- Write today frw retum4ble .ample copy ers would like to forward their copies phia, has been selected as a repre- CHRISTIAN PUBLICATIONS, Inc. after reading they may be s~nt to Sentative of the Presbyterian and Mrs. G.' N. Pidcock, Box 13, Blooms- THIRD AND REILY STREETS bury, N. J., who will forward them to Reformed Churches of America to be one of America's twelve delegates to HARRISBURG, PA. Japan.

MISSIONARY Please accept my congratulations

the magazine." REVIEW OF THE WORLD MRS. SANFORD E. COBB, Secre- DIllLAVAN L. PIIIIRSON, Edttor tary for Missionary Education, Reformed Church in America, VOL. LXI MARCH,1938 No.3 New York.

Publication and Business Olllce– *** Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. "THE MISSIONARY REVIEW brings Editorial and Executive Olllce– to me much of inspiration and guid- 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. ance." Entered as second-class matter at MRS. PEARL JOHNSON SCHIND- Post Olllce, Harrisburg, Pa., under LER, Linton, N. D. Act of March 3, 1879. A CORRECTION-DR. SA'EED The great white Empresses hold 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. every speed record to and from Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. KURDISTANI the Orient. 10 days direct to Published monthly, except August. Yokohama by Empress of Asia All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1937. In our December REVIEW (page or Empress of Russia. Or only British agents – Marshall, Morgan 569) there was a picture of Dr. Sa'eed three days more via Hawaii by and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, Kurdistani, the Kurdish Christian Empress of Japan, largest and London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, physician of Teheran (not Isfahan). fastest on the Pacific, or Empress 10 shllings a year. Due to inaccurate information, the of Canada. Connect at Honolulu statement was made, under the por- from California ports. MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- trait, that the Doctor had been im- LISHING CO., INC. prisoned by the Iranian Government From Vancouver and Victoria "for his Christian faith and courage." to Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, BOARD OF DIRECTORS He was imprisoned but Dr. J. Christy Shanghai, Hong Kong, Manila. ROllERT E. SPEER. President Wilson writes that this is an error. Details from YOUR TRAVEL A. L. WARNSHUIS. Viae-President Dr. Sa'eed Kurdistani was taken into AGENT or Canadian Pacific.: WALTER McDOUGALL. Treasurer custody "for having written a letter 41 offices in U. S. and Canada. DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Secretary of condolence to the family of a Kurd- ish chief who had died in his home in PAUL J. BRAISTED Teheran, where he (the chief) was SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT required to live lest he stir up trou- D. J. FANT ble among his people. Dr. Sa'eed MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD Kurdistani made the remark in his WM. B. LIPPHARD letter that it was fortunate the chief ERIC M. NORTH had died in his own house rather than SAMUEL M. ZWEMIIIR in jail, like some others. This letter was read by the censor and the police Editorial Chat thought there might be some political implications in what he had written, The annual meeting of the Mis- whereas he meant it merely as a letsionary Review Publishing Company ter of sympathy to the bereaved famwas postponed on account of the lack ily. The good Doctor was held in of a quorum; the date on which it custody for several months but friends will be held will be announced later. were allowed to visit him. He was finally released when his son sent a *** long telegram explaining the whole affair to his Majesty Riza Pahlevi Many articles and requests are re- himself." ceived for the pUblication of articles on such topics as Peace, Race Rela- PARENTS … tions, Social Justice and Law Enforcement. Althougoh we sympathize In the F01'eignMission Field with these movements we do not deal to any extent with these topics, un- Endorse Calvert School less they are directly related to world Home Study Courses evangelization and training for Christian service, because we are con- for Children vinced that Christ deals primarily with the spiritual need of all man- Calvert School, through its Home Instruckind, the need of each individual for tion Department, will give your child a spiritual regeneration and whole- superior elementary education •.• by mail, souled surrender and obedience to regardless of where you may live. Mod- Christ as the only Saviour and Lord. ern, approved courses from this famous Other remedies are only surface school are being used by parents all over treatment of symptoms and do not the world with outstanding success. eradicate the disease, the sin that is destroying mankind and is disrupting Give your children the advantages of these homes, communities and nations. interesting lessons, carefully chosen books, and attractive materials. Instruction is *** under the personal guidance of teachers in Calvert's prominent and successful private Here are some comments on the day school in Baltimore. REVIEW, recently received from our readers: Write today for booklet of complete in- "THE REVIEW is proving of great formation. Costs are low. value in the work of our Department. t CALVERT SCHOOL The articles are to the point and help 180W. Tuscany Road us in the various phases of missionary education needs. I am especially Baltimore oQo Maryland advertising the "Moslem World" issue in connection with our church study of Arabia on account of the Fiftieth Anniversary of our Arabian Mission.

[113 ]

TODAY. SUNRISE PRAYER MEETING AT A YOUNG PEOPLE'S CONFERENCE

GRADUATING CLASS' IN A MISSION KINDERGARTEN AT DAILOTEI SIGNS OF THE GROWTH OF CHRISTIANITY IN FORMOSA

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LXI AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 3 MARCH,1938 Topics of the Times RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN CHINA preparation of all citizens for participation in national defense is being inaugurated. By REV. FRANK W. PRICE, Shanghai The end of the war seems far off. Japan's peace Missiorwry of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. terms have been reported to include the follow- ing: collaboration between Japan and China in During December and January the area of war, an anti-communist policy; demilitarized zones devastation and suffering in China greatly wid- and Japanese garrisons in China; an economic ened. The Japanese captured Nanking (Decem- agreement between China, Manchukuo and Japan ber 13) and Hangchow (December 24). Fight- on Japan's terms; war indemnities. A missioning has now extended near Hangchow, around ary writes from central China, "We do not yet Wuhu and north and northwes~t of Nanking. In know of any real hope for middle ground between Shantung province, Tsinan was captured on De- the sweeping Japanese intentions and the Chinese cember 27: Since then the Japanese armies have determination to hold some degree of independpressed toward the vital railway junction of Su- ence. Meanwhile misery reigns in much of China, chow near the Kiangsu-Shantung border. Chi- and the problems of the future pile up for both nese forces have been massed in great numbers countries." to defend the 150-mile-wide corridor traversed by the east-west Lung Hai Railway. The closing of "I feel that we individually and as a race have the gap between the two invading armies would to suffer much more before there may come a put Japan in a position to attack Hankow, the better day for us," wrote Dr. Wu Yi-fang, presiimportant city on the Yangtse. However, guerilla dent of Ginling College for Women as she left operations by mobile units are continually har- Nanking to join a group of teachers and students rassing the invaders' lines of communication and in Wuchang. But the leaders and people of China have slowed up the Japanese advance. About have already demonstrated that they can meet half of Shansi province has been occupied but the danger and suffering with marvelous fortitude. Eighth Route Army (former communist army) Not only have soldiers shown courage; thousands has successfully resisted further penetration. In of workers on the railways and in postal and telesouth China, Canton has been under strict martial graph offices have carried on under fire. Mails law. Japanese air raids upon cities of Kwang- have been delivered with remarkable efficiency ;tung and upon the vital Canton-Hankow Railway except in some areas now occupied by the J aphave been increasingly severe. anese army. Boy and Girl Scouts have risked their lives in rescuing wounded civilians. The In spite of critical defeats in the Shanghai- women of the nation are organizing for relief Hangchow-Nanking triangle, the government and people of China seem determined to continue the work. Schools have moved to central and west struggle for a long time. Generalissimo Chiang, China and teachers are serving for mere "living in six broadcast messages to the nation, has urged allowances." Millions of the common people, greater effort and sacrifice until freedom has been driven from their homes, have accepted their won. Visitors report that he is "full of confi- hardships bravely as part of their sacrifice for dence, physically fresh and buoyant." He and the nation. other leaders see hope of ultimate victory th~ough a protracted war which will wear out Japan "China is bleeding upon the thorns of this inthrough the costliness of an extended occupation. vasion," writes Dr. E. Stanley Jones. Missions A great program of "mass mobilization" with and the Christian Church are bleeding too. But the Christian witness has been a bright star in [115 ]

0, • the night of suffering. "As I leave China," con- out news and messages of encouragement to tinues Dr. Jones, "I want to pay my tribute of Christian workers all over China. gratitude to the Christians of China, both missionary and Chinese, who are holding so steady In East China War Zone and true in this time of national calamity. I am proud to belong to such a band. There is a tough- The destruction of property in the region beness of fibre in them that is the result of years of tween Shanghai and Nanking has been appalling. facing crisis after crisis. The missionary enter- Air raids, fires from incendiary bombs and shells prise has faced many a crisis in China and has and finally the burning of property by retreating grown under each one of them. It will come Chinese troops have laid waste the once great and through this one, too, perhaps purified." populous cities of Soochow, Wusih, Changchow, Chinkiang, and Sungkiang. Hundreds of smaller In the Shanghai Area cities and towns have been ruined. Much mission and church property has. suffered. All the mis- "In an area of but six square miles, that nor- sion buildings of the Presbyterian Church, U. S., mally cared :for a population of nearly two mil- in Kiangyin, hospital, schools and missionary lions, utterly destitute refugees are now numbered residences were burned. Sections of the Presbynot by tens of thousands but by hundreds of thou- terian and Methodist Hospitals in Soochow were sands. To us has come the sudden challenge to burned. In Kashing a Roman Catholic orphanage save this flotsam." More than 175 camps have was bombed resulting in the death of 86 children. been established in Shanghai, to house 150,000 Hospitals, schools, churches and missionary homes people. The Nantao Safety Zone, under the di- in most of this area have been looted. The beaurection of Father Jacquinot, has 250,000. Includ- tiful city oof Hangchow has been spared the tering destitute refugees living with relatives or rible destruction visited on other places, but the friends there are about three-fourths of a million city has now only one-fifth its former population. in need of food. Many missionaries living temporarily in Shanghai have been giving full time Property losses have been estimated at $500,- to help in the refugee camps. 000,000. The life of nearly twenty million people has been tragically disrupted. They have been People are returning but slowly to the devas- driven to the four winds before the invading tated sections around the International Settle- armies and when ·they return it will be to desolate ment. Chapei is a city of desolation. A few homes or to farms without animals and seed. One missionaries have been permitted to visit their news dispatch from China said that not even in former centers of work. At the Southern Baptist the World War was there such widespread desocompound in Hongkew "the condition is terrible." lation. The dormitories of Eliza Yates School were shelled, the classroom building burned and resi- Many missionaries refused to leave when the dences have been demolished and looted. The fighting raged in east China. The North China University of Shanghai property is occupied by Daily News said oof the missionaries in Soochow, Japanese soldiers and all faculty residences have "From the beginning of hostilities this intrepid been looted. Margaret Williamson Hospital was little band with their able Chinese assistants, have destroyed after the fighting had- ended. The ex- carried on without cessation." Dr. Mason Young, tent of other damage to mission and church Miss Lucy Grier, a nurse, Rev. Charles McDaniel buildings is not yet fully known. and others took wounded civilians and patients from a hospital foor the insane to an island in The University of Shanghai, St. John's Uni- Lake Tai, and stayed with them for weeks. Other versity and twenty Christian middle schools are missionaries stayed with Chinese Christians in continuing their work in the International and villages and were noot heard of for weeks. Rev. French Settlements. Churches are full on Sun- D. F. Stamps and Miss Mary Demarest of the days. But Shanghai, formerly a nerve-center of Southern Baptist Mission in Yangchow were remission work in China, has been cut off :to a large portted missing for nearly two months. A misextent from the inland. Missionaries have with sionary doctor wrote, "The future is very dark great difficulty secured military passes too inspect and this whole section may be swept clean before their stations even near Shanghai. The Japanese it is over-we can only live day by day trusting rure evidently working for control of the Interna- in Him." Twenty-eight missionaries stayed in tional Settlement and censorship on cables and Hangchow and fourteen in Nanking through the mails has been tightened. The economic future siege and capture of those cities and with them of Shanghai is very dark. But the Christian many fearless Ch~nese Christian workers, caring forces are undaunted as they seek to minister for thousands of refugees in "safety zones." with the love of Christ to those in need. The Christian Broadcasting Station continues to send The missions which have suffered most heavily in the lower Yangtze region are the Southern

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

Methodist, Northern and Southern Presbyterian, year. A provisional government was set up in Northern and Southern Bap.tist, Disciples and December, staffed by corrupt pro-Japanese pup- London Mission. Fighting now presses in upon pets. So far no outstanding, able Chinese has stations in north Kiangsu and southern Chekiang. been willing to coopera.te with the Japanese in their plans for an autonomous north China. Dr. Robert F. Fitch, of Hangchow, writes, "The repercussions will be f~lt everywhere in east Christian educators are determined to carryon, China; cold and hunger will be experienced by not to falter in their program, to conciliate where millions of the poor. For several months to come, necessary but not to give in on questions of prinperhaps into the late spring and summer there ciple. The Japanese officials are seeking to conwill be an overwhelming need for further aid trol the schools and all references to nationalist from outside sources especially from the Christian China have been deleted from the textbooks. The churches of the West." Confucian classics have been substituted for so- cial sciences and ethics. Slogans everywhere The Fall of Nanking ex:tol the aims of the Japanese army. Chinese students have been compelled to join parades cele- The story of the fall of Nanking and the sub- brating Japanese victories. There have been sequent weeks of terror has been graphically told raids on libraries and offices of teachers, and some in news dispatches from China. A. T. Steele re- teachers have been arrested. Japanese is to be ported in the New York Sun, "The fall of Nan- the main foreign language in the universities. king would have been infinitely more frightful if However, four middle schools in Peiping and not for the courageous efforts of a handful of Tungchow have an enrollment of 2,350, only one American missionaries and German business men thousand less than last year, and Yenching who stayed throughout the siege." But these (Christian) University now has over 500 stubrave fourteen ran risks which nearly cost them dents. The strain on principals and teachers is their lives once and again. severe. "Do you wonder," one writes, "that our educators, Chinese and foreign, are growing A cable from one of the missionaries who had grayer each month now than in five years prehelped to maintruin the safety zone, received on viously?" January 18, said, "University of Nanking sheltering thirty thousand refugees. This service from The Japanese advance into southern Hopei has December 13 has been tenaciously maintained caused widespread desolation. One missionary amid dishonor by soldiers, murdering, wounding, estimates that seventy per cent of ,the people of wholesale raping resulting in violent terror. In- north China evacuated. "Many of our mission stitutional losses moderate. Majority residences stations were completely wrecked, and the vilpartly looted. Staff splendid despite injuries, lages were almost empty of inhabitants. Crops danger, unspeakable distress. Ginling College were left rotting in the fields, unharvested. The situation comparable. Christian Hospital service whole countryside was lifeless." The invasion unique. Relief needs dominate city." was accompanied by constant foraging, looting and raping. "It is all more cruelly ruthless than Included in the Safety Zone, and hence spared anything in the American press descriptions," the material destruction inflicted upon the rest of another missionary wrote. Paotingfu suffered Nanking, were the University of Nanking, Ginling especially during and after the siege but mission- College, Nanking Theological Seminary, Wome,n's aries of the American Board and Presbyterian Bible Training School, Ming Deh PresbyterIan missions have continued to serve there. School for Girls and many missionary homes. In the area occupied by the Japanese, evangelis- In spite of the sudden advance of the Japanese tic work is going on. "Chinese Christian leaders," armies both the University of Nanking and Gin- one report says, "are everywhere showing a faith, ling College were able to move their staffs and courage and determination which no obstacles .so considerable equipment to central and west far apparently can defeat. These men are an lll- China. The government also succeeded in mov- spiration to their missionary colleagues. The ing 19,000 out of the 20,000 cases in which it had Church in the north does not intend to abdicate." packed the art treasures from the National Mu- At the county seat of Chowchow an evangelist seum. and his family and other Christians, total of sev- enteen, were killed by a bomb in one church yard. Nanking is at present little more than a Jap- "The Chowchow experience," a missionary writes, anese armed camp, subject ,to raids from Chinese "brings to me forcefully the realization that the airplanes. The city and surrounding region have Church, the real Church is a fellowship. Organonly a small fraction of the former population. ization, property and programs may disappe~r, The Safe.ty Zone is daily feeding 50,000 of the but little groups of Christians who are one WIth most destitute. Christ in God will continue."

The War in North China The people of Hopei province have been ex- periencing the force of Japanese rule for half a

The Church of the Brethren mission field in students. The churches are active and a new ex- eastern Shansi was first to feel the eff'ect of in- tension service to rural churches is proving very vasion. A woman missionary from this region fruitful.

writes that the countryside was ravaged bare. "I "We will go ahead as long as possible," writes have spent weeks in the midst of hell. When one one missionary. Most of the missionary women thinks of :the great areas of this country of which and children have left the province.

this is a fair example, it is too awful to contem- South and Central China plate." Several members of the Brethren Mission have been reported missing. The New York Kwangtung has suffered from incessant air Times of February 2 carried a report, through raids, the objectives apparently being the de- Hankow, that three missionaries had been shot struction of government-owned property, the by a Japanese sentry: Rev. and Mrs. Alva Harsh terrorizing of the ,civilian population and the of Petersburg, W. Va., and Miss Minerva Neher, prevention of sea-going commerce. Casualties Laverne, Cal. have been high, especially among civilians.

The Japanese lines at one time reached as far The churches and schools have tried to consouth as Fenchow and Taiku in the American tinue, many with emergency programs. Hospitals Board Mission field. The Oberlin-Shansi School have rendered courageous service. Many Chrisat Taiku moved first to Yuncheng, Shansi, then to tian institutions have organized first-aid corps. Shanhsien, Honan province. It may move further The Union Theological and Bible Training schools inland. The Ming I School at Fengyang moved in Canton have had one hundred per cent atto Tsishan in the southwest of the province where tendance. The College department of Lingnan the China Inland Mission has strong work under University has been maintained at Canton, under Chinese leadership. Many missionaries are re- the leadership of the new president, Mr. Lei Yingmaining in Shansi and also in Shensi to the west. lam. True Light and Pui Ying Schools moved to The Japanese are said to have about 140,000 Hongkong. The Union Normal School and Mei troops in Shansi alone. Wa School were bombed on December 31. The dining hall of Union Normal and the main build- In Suiyuan and Chahar provinces the Japanese ing of Mei Wa were severely damaged. The Ma army holds the main points but, in all the north- Kwong Home for the Blind was removed to ern provinces, irregular Chinese troops and local Macao. defense organizations are making the garrisoning of the area more difficult for the invaders. Relief Hainan Island has been fairly quiet in spite of needs are serious in Peiping, Tientsin and all the some bombings and the constant fear of attack conquered territory. by gunboats.

Shantung was spared war until late in Decem- One report from south China gave high praise ber, but Governor Han's vaccilating policy left to three women missionaries of the English Presthe province without a plan of defense and J ap- byterian Mission who had stayed on at Swatow anese occupation was rapid. Part of Tsinan city and helped to maintain morale among the Chriswas destroyed but the buildings of Cheeloo Uni- tian leaders and people there. versity have escaped damage, according to latest word. Fighting around Tsining, an important "I cannot close this letter," writes one missionmission center, has been especially severe. Suf- ary, "without giving expression to the evidence fering in Shantung has been accentuated by a of the wonderful spirit of our church leaders in flood last summer which made two million people this time of national crisis, especially in their dehomeless. termination to keep the spiritual side of the church uppermost and at the same time express Many missionaries, sojourning at Tsingtau, their loyalty to their country. Chinese church have left for Shanghai or other ports. A con- leaders have not been heard to preach hate; their siderable number, chiefly men, remained at their prayers always include a petition for Japan, espestations. cially the Christians of Japan." "Don't worry about us missionaries," writes another, "but pray In Chekiang and Fukien for the poor Chinese people."

Southern Chekiang and Fukien have been least The biggest battle of the war is now raging in touched by war of any coastal region, but Amay Central China, northern Kiangsu and Anhwei has felt the hot breath of attack. and in Honan province. More than 500 mission- Professor E. M. Stowe, of Fukien Christian aries normally live in this area. Several mission- University, writes that the University and Chris- aries of the United Church of Canada returned tian schools of the province have been carrying to their stations in Honan after furlough only on as usual, "a seemingly miraculous oasis in a two months ago, and a great number of mission- sea of chaos and blood." The new Union Theo- aries in the fighting zone will carryon at their logical College at Changchow has opened with 26 own risk.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

The Yangtze River below Wuhu is blocked There are 60 mISSIOn centers of 16 mission sowith booms. Since the capture of Nanking and cieties and more than 430 missionaries in the Wuhu there has been a considerable exodus of great area. Since the chance of Szechwan ever missionary families from Kuling but a number being occupied by Japanese armies is very small remain and the schools for foreign children are the strategic importance of this province from being maintained. The school at Chikungshan the standpoint of the Chinese government and has closed. defense and from the standpoint of Christian work and planning for the future cannot be over- The Wuhan cities (Hankow, Wuchang and estimated. Hanyang) have been bombed many times and air raids have reached as far up river as Ichang. But Government universities have moved to Chungotherwise the provinces of Hupeh and Hunan kiang and Chengtu. In one city 24 temporary have been quiet, and Christian work has suffered buildings were erected in 40 days. The Univercomparatively little. The effect of the great mi- sity of Nanking has moved to Chengtu and will gration from east China is felt everywhere and cooperate with West China Christian University. many cities have increased rapidly in population. Cheeloo Medical School has also moved from Hospitals are crowded and Yale's Emergency Shantung to Szechwan. Hospital in Hunan has prepared to receive 2,000 wounded soldiers. Chinese National Organizations Plans for mass mobilization and education of The National Christian Council continues its the people in self-defense are being promoted ac- office in Shanghai but is working more through tively in these central provinces. Hunan prov- regional organizations especially in central and ince is being made an important area in agricul- west China. The National Christian Council has tural experiments and rural reorganization which issued a "Call to a Forward Movement," suggestwill increase its productivity as a source of food ing a threefold emergency program for the supply. churches: relief, spiritual uplift and cooperation of the churches with other agencies in service to Dr. W. Y. Chen, of the National Christian the people. Christians are being urged to give a Council, wrote, after a visit to central China, "The cent a day to relief work. spirit of the people in the churches is simply wonderful." Many inland stations write of the help A Y. M. C. A. leader in China writes, "We need which Christian leaders and their families from your continued undergirding. All are determined east China have brought to them in their work. to stay though positions dangerous." Mr. George The churches are active in relief work and stu- Fitch at Nanking, Mr. Eugene Turner at Hangdents of Christian schools are participating in chow, Mr. R. S. Hall at Tsinan, and Mr. Edward many service activities. Lockwood at Canton are rendering notable serv- ice in places of peril. The National Committee of The railway from Wachang to Canton is still Y. M. C. A.'s has organized emergency service open despite repeated bombings. The new motor for soldiers in 28 cities. One hundred full-time road from Changsha to Kweilin will be completed secretaries have been allocated to this work while soon. The Eurasia planes still fly from Hong- two hundred are carrying on the regular Associakong to central and west China and carry mails. tion program where possible. The Peiping Y. M. C. A. has cooperated with the Red Cross in In West China relief work and recreational ac:tivities for wound- ed soldiers. Through hut work, soldier clubs, serv- Bishop Ralph A. Ward, of the Methodist Church ice to wounded in hospitals, help to soldiers at in Szechwan province, writes, "The rapid and railway junctions, travelling units, a work comsweeping changes in national life are affecting parable to that of the Y. M. C. A. during the World great changes in Szechwan. Thousands of stu- War is being done and with very limited funds. dE:mts and teachers, business and professional people and government officials are bringing a The Y. W. C. A. has organized its women membroader outlook, many material things and crea- bers into many forms of service and is helping to tive power. Many of the newcomers are Chris- train civilians in first aid, health work, and the tians. Most of them are at least awakened spir- meeting of emergency needs. itually. The local Christian communities need adjustment to the new opportunities, not to speak Interruption of Educational Work of their need for more vital Christian faith and life for themselves." Such is the unexpected new Fifty per cent of the Chinese colleges and uniopportunity in west China. versities have been closed or forced to suspend. The Ministry of Education has established two Szechwan is larger in size than the British Isles temporary universities, one at Sian and another and contains a population of over 70,000,000. It at Changsha. Nankai, Gentral University and has some of the most fertile farm land in China.

Futan University have new quarters in Chung- cans in China and :the Advisory Committee of king. Tsinghua and National Peking University China Famine Relief. are now located in Changsha. The new location of some Christian colleges has been noted. College The International Red Cross is taking over adstudents and graduates are not being encouraged ministration of a large number of refugee camps yet to join the fighting services but at least one- in Shanghai and is extending the "Morris plan." half of the 45,000 college students are engaged in The Salvation Army has been most successful in war-time studies. Many have joined the War- conducting clean camps and in feeding the refutime Students' Service Corps. gees wholesome food at very low cost.

The Christian colleges are playing a noble part Christian relief committees everywhere are in the National life during the crisis. Yenching, most active in helping. "The least that Christian as has been mentioned, carries on in Peiping with organizations can do under circumstances like an enrollment of over 500. Cheeloo University these is to make the-maximum contribution to ease medical students have been transferred to Cheng- pain, to heal the wounded and create channels tu, other students to various institutions. Ginling for the love of our Lord, Jesus Christ, to find ex- College is operating in three units, at Shanghai, pression in the midst of carnage and strife," at Hwa Chung College and at Wes:t China Union writes one Christian group. The National Chris- University. The University of Nanking has moved tian Council has sent out flying squads to survey to west China. Soochow University suffered heavy needs in devastated areas and give help where losses to its property and is still closed. The Uni- possible. versity of Shanghai continues work in temporary quarters in the French Concession and St. John's The outstanding service of the Christian hos- University carries on. Hangchow Christian Col- pitals everywhere has won high praise from all lege has not suffered damage to property although classes of Chinese. The work has been carried Japanese guns are now located nearby. Some on often in great danger and frequently without teachers and students transferred to a small town sufficient medical supplies. One missionary from in Anhwei province. Fukien Christian University north Kiangsu went 1200 miles to Hankow and and Hwa Nan College, Foochow, have been able to back in order to secure needed drugs. In some keep going without serious interruption. Lingnan areas Chris,tian forces have joined with govern- University, Canton, has 460 students on the ment forces in medical service. Christian field campus. The opening enrollment of Hwachung hospital units are being planned. College, Wuchang, was fifty per cent above normal due to admission of students from other schools. The Chinese government and army were utterly West China Union University, Chengtu, has an unprepared to care for such large numbers of enrollment twice that of last year. Classrooms wounded soldiers. Dr. A. R. Kepler after a tour and laboratories are utilized in successive shifts. through eight provinces reported, "I return to All the colleges are incurring serious deficits this Shanghai from my journey with the wounded solyear, although operating costs have been reduced dier as my most poignant memory. I can't get to bare essentials. him out of my thoughts. He is the most pitiable person in China today. The chances are that he The Need for Relief Work must eat all the bitterness of the refugee, inade- quate clothing, insufficient nourishment, no pro- Never have the Chinese themselves done so tection from rain and· biting north wind, wounds much for their suffering fellow-countrymen as festering through lack of surgical care." It may they are doing today. Chinese doctors have volun- be days or weeks before he gets from the front teered in large numbers for medical service, one line to the medical centers at Nanchang, Sian, hundred going from Shanghai alone. The Shang- Wuhan or Changsha. Dr. Kepler continues, "The hai Chinese churches contributed $40,000. Local war was unwanted by China. The government relief committees have been formed in a large was not prepared to face so formidable an enemy, number of cities. But the need is so great that and one so thoroughly prepared and equipped outside help is imperative. with every conceivable modern missile and instru- ment of destruction. These poor wounded men The Federal Council of Churches, Foreign Mis- are a summons to the Christian forces in China sions Conference, China Famine Relief, Inc., and and throughout the world to come to their rescue other organizations have appealed for relief funds and set agencies in operation which will look after with limited results. All mission societies have their needs." He urges a Christian Medical Auxilmade special appeals. The American Red Cross iary to work in close cooperation with governin September authorized chapters to receive funds ment medical units. but initiated no campaign. Funds will be administered through a committee of prominent Ameri- One missionary, after visiting the vast camp for wounded soldiers and war viotims at Sian, wrote, "It is the largest mass of suffering human-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

ity I have ever seen. Yet there was no groaning nor has the Church ever before stood out so clearor complaining even from stretcher cases who ly as a minister of good will and helpfulness to were borne past me by tired Boy Scouts." our suffering people."

The danger of epidemics will increase as spring BATES COLLEGE PROJECT IN ARABIA and summer come on, and all kinds of medical supplies will be needed. Eight Bates College students came back to Christians all over China have been contribut- campus after the Student Volunteer Convention ing to relief funds and women have been making garments for wounded civilians and soldiers. One at Buffalo in 1932, and had decided to adopt a misgroup made 1600 wadded vests and in each sewed sionary project suggested at the convention. a printed Scripture verse and message of comfort. Missionaries and Chinese Christian workers have Through personal sacrifice they volunteered to been visiting camps of wounded soldiers to give send to Dr. W. Harold Storm in Arabia fifty dolcomfort. To one missionary who was on his way to this service Madame Chiang Kai-shek said, lars for his medical work. Interesting letters and "And do not forget to ,tell them of the One who pictures came back as a result. An emergency suffered more than they." operation on the desert sands, an eye disease en- The Outlook and the Opportunity dured for years, cured, a child made over in the hospital-such incidents graphically described President Wu Yi-fang of Ginling College, Chairman of the National Christian Council, held the students and heightened their interest. wrote to friends in America, "In regard to the general situation in China, I don't see any possible Later the so-called Student Volunteer group lost improvement immediately and we must face the probable result of withdrawing to Szechwan, Yu- its identity by merging with the Christian Service nan, Kwangsi and Kweichow provinces. As to how long this process may take, no one can tell. Club. Just as Dr. Storm was about to sail back to I sound, I am afraid, very pessimistic, but in fact I am qui,te confident of the ultimate triumph of Arabia, Dr. Rayborn Zerby, adviser to the Chrisright over might." tian Association on the campus, suggested that President Francis C. Wei, of Hwa Hung Col- Dr. Storm be invited to return to the campus lege, now in America, said recently, "Wheth.er China is defeated or victorious the need for ChrIS- again to interest the Christian Association, comtianity and for Christian higher education will prising all the students of the College, in support be greater than before. If China shall be victorious, she will have all the greater need for of his project. Christianity to use wisely her new position and power. If she should be defeated, she will need The invitation was accepted. Dr. Storm was Christian courage and wisdom in dealing with the problems that will confront her." due to appear at chapel. His train was late.

A missionary leader writes, "As soon as hostili- Chapel began. There was a long hymn. The ties cease, under restrictions and difficulties such as we have never before experienced, we are going President prayed longer than usual. As he turned to have a tremendous opportunity to preach and teach our Christian faith." Af.ter his two months' to sit down, Dr. Storm appeared breathless. "A preaching tour in central and west China, Dr. E. Stanley Jones declared that China presented the storm has burst upon you," he began, and he truly greatest challenge to Christianity of any land in the world today. carried by storm the student body that morning.

Finally, this message from the Executive Coun- In the evening a large number of students came to cil of the Methodist Episcopal Church in China, may be taken as an appreciation and an appeal see pictures of his Arabian friends, of diseases from all Christians in China today: and operations, of desert travel and to hear his "Never before have the loyal confidences and intimate cooperation between the Chinese and the story of healing body and soul. He showed armissionary groups of our church in China been so plainly evident nor so distinctly stimUlating, ticles used in Arabian tent life: the mat for dates -and these articles he presented to Bates College as a permanent Arabian exhibit.

Since that time annually in the Bates Chapel the work of Dr. Storm has been presented and an offering has been made by students and faculty.

The Y.M.C.A. purchased and sent to Dr. Storm an "eye kit" such as was used during the War by field surgeons. This kit accompanies him on his desert trips.

The adoption of Dr. Storm by Bates students has been peculiarly fortunate because he has a personality which appeals to students; because his work carries with it so much of the humani- tarian appeal; and because he has made such a successful effort to keep in touch with the campus.

Here is a means of widening horizons of college students that means a deepening of the religious faith of those who appreciate the spiritual side of such missionary work. MIRIAM: B. MABEE.

WHAT IS IN A NAME IN CHINA?

By GEOFFREY W. ROYALL "What's in a name?" Forty million Chinese would answer, "Chang," another thirty-five million would reply, "Wang," and a paltry thirty million would bow and say, "My unworthy name is Li." In other words, approximately one hundred million, or almost one quarter of the people of the Dragon Kingdom answer to the name of Chang, Wang or Li. Suppose they all had telephones!

Try to visualize the name of every third American being identical; or imagine everyone in the British Isles, with perhaps the exception of Wales, having precisely the same surname. Such a proposition literally knocks the imagination down and out. The above staggering state of ~ffairs actually exists in Cathay.

The "Four Hundred Million Customers" ,that Carl Crow has introduced to you of the Oc- cident~ have but five hundred surnames among them all! The Smiths, Joneses and Browns that jostle us in the telephone directory have their unique counterparts in the Changs, Wangs and Lis of China. The word Chang has several meanings, the best of which perhaps is "stretch" ; Wang means "king"; Li is translated "plum." The fourth most prevalent name in this cus- tard-colored kingdom is Chao meaning "hasten."

Originally the Chinese had but four hundred thirty-eight surnames. These were tabulated by a scholar in the early Sung dynasty and appear in booklet form under the title Pai Chia Hsing-"All the Clan Names." These surnames are printed in groups of four which enable the native student to memorize them more easily. The average school boy is able to quote the whole list of four hundred thirty-eight by memory and to write them on demand!

China is a kingdom of villages. Their name is legion. Every walled town has mush- roomed about it between five hundred and two thousand hamlets. Very often the natives of a whole village will have the same name.

Ten centuries before Christ, when the family system had not yet come into prominence, marriage in China was not under the strict ethical code of the sages as it was later at the advent of Confucius, Laotzi, and Mencius. At that time there was no definite system of sur- names. Men and women mingled more or less freely together so that often a child was born without the mother being sure of the father's identity. During this comparatively early period in Chinese history (known as the To Fu Ch'ih) a child was generally gIVen its mother's name and not that of its other parent. As Oriental civilization progressed the family gradually be- came the strong link that held society together. A man had one wife and when he wished to leave his property to his son, he insisted on the latter taking his name and propagating the family interests. However, it was not until ,the time of the Chan-Kueh (the Warring States, 403-221 B. C.) that family names began to take on any semblance of permanency. Even then they were subject to change.

Chinese surnames and their English meanings are undoubtedly as brimful of human in- terest as our Occidental names are to them. After a careful study of the clan names I have translated and arranged the most interesting into groups.

The majority of us are acquainted with such family names as Green, Brown, White, Black, and Grey. While the Middle Kingdom has a White family, she has no claim to any Browns, Blacks, Greens or Greys. However, true to the Oriental love of bri&1ht colors, China has a Mr. Blue, Mr. Yellow, Mr. Red, Mr. Crimson, and even a Mr. Colour.

The West has a group of animal surnames. such as Bear, Pig, Fox, Wolf and Lyon. Be- sides the Bear family, China boasts a Mr. Ox, Mr. Camel, Mr. Goat, Mr. Dragon, a Mr. Horse, and also a Mr. Cart!

Before China became a Republic the arranging of weddings was an affair that bristled with superstition. This is still the case in the rural districts. The Mei-Ren, or Middle Man who had the delicate task of choosing a wife for his client, first learned the name of a likely maid before he enquired about her appearance and ability. Supposing the young man's family name were "Ox" and the girl were a member of the "Red" family, the parents of the young lady would object to such a match on the grounds that after the marriage Mr. Ox might "see red"! It is very doubtful if Mr. Cash and Miss Waste would make a good husband and wife. For similar reasons the Fish family, unless they belonged to the New China, would never marry their daughter to young Master Hook! On the other hand the parents of Miss Water might favorably consider the son of the Well family as a son-in-law. . . .

Are you acquainted with the Happy and Sing families? No? China is! Time and sand meet in other places than the hour glass, for among the mustard-colored sons of Han there is actually a Mr. Time and a Mr. Sand! . . . Perhaps the most unique galaxy in this remarkable constellation is Mr. Season, Mr. Summer, Mr. Warm, Mr. Autumn, Mr. Winter and Mr. Cold!

Winds Shift in

-··<tli{l!;;11===B=y=a=R=E=S=ID=E=N=T=O=F=TH=E=RE=P=U=B=LI=C==~I~ T HREE years ago. a mighty spiritual cQnflict Then suddenly the tide turned. NQt a missiQn- was being waged here in Mexico.. It was a ary Qr pastQr cQmprising the praying grQUp critical hQur, fQr cQmmunism was sweeping dQubted fQr a mQment but that GQd had laid bare Qver the land. The aggressive atheism which His Almighty Arm and had wrQught a miracle. streamed daily Qver radio. channels was blasphe- The mQst radical members Qf the cabinet were mQUS and deadly in its purpQse. The whQle edu- dismissed. It was nQthing shQrt Qf a revQlutiQn.

catiQnal system Qf the cQuntry was being re- The natiQn was shaken. Since that hQur there vamped fQr the purpQse Qf prQpagating atheistic has been a steady shifting Qf the winds. To. what cQmmunism. SchQQI teachers, agents Qf the gQV- extent Satan has been bruised under the feet Qf ernment, were being murdered in every state by the saints, if I may use the ApQstle Paul's lanthe rebelliQus "plebe." Children in public schQQls guage, will be indicated by this simple circum- were being taught to. march to. the tune Qf Uno, stance. On Christmas Eve, I heard brQadcasted dos.. no hay Di6s- (Qne, twO.; there is no. GQd). frQm a GQvernment statiQn, the Christian hymn, One was almQst afraid to. mentiQn the name Qf "Little LQrd Jesus Asleep in the Hay." As the Jesus. MissiQn schQQls were clQsed. All rQads wQrds "I IQve thee, LQrd Jesus," came sweetly were leading to. Russia. Qver the air, my thQughts went back to. the prayer cQnflic.t and I remembered the blasphemy Qne was This is the fact withQut gQing into. many re- lated questiQns. The type Qf RQmanism which WQnt to. hear frQm such statiQns three years ago.. fQr centuries had dQminated the land and which All are cQnscious Qf the marvellQus shift in the fQr gQQd reaSQns had fallen into disrepute, had winds in Mexico.. Heavenly breezes are taking prepared the SQil fQr the anti-religiQus sentiment the place Qf the deadly arctic blasts that had been that was nQW grQwing so. rapidly. This and Qther blQwing. NQwevery day brings fresh cQnfirmaquestiQns Qf a similar nature we will nQt discuss tiQns. DQQrs fQr the Gospel are Qpening so. rapidhere. ly that Christian wQrkers are nQt able to. enter them all. FurthermQre, we are seeing that all A grQUp Qf Evangelical pastQrs and missiQn- things wQrked tQgether fQr gQQd, God causing aries, deeply cQncerned, decided to. meet daily fQr prayer. FQr eight mQnths every mQrning at 6: 30 even the wrath Qf men to. praise Him. Unfruitful they literally bQmbarded Heaven. It was a tre- branches Qf Christian service in which there mendQus cQnflict waged in the heavenlies. There seemed to. be no. evidence Qf Divine life, were was no. mere saying Qf prayers-it was agQnized wiped Qut, and there has CQme a return to. vital intercessiQn; it was a case Qf thrQwing dQwn the evangelism. If we stand firmly with Chris,t and gauntlet to. the "prince Qf this wQrld," and then Qbey His cQmmand to. go. into. all the wQrld and fighting it Qut with his demQniacal fQrces; it was preach the GQspel, then when stQrms and flQQds wrestling with "principalities and PQwers" that CQme, Qur hQuse stands firmly Qn the Rock. prevail in this wQrld's darkness. The fQrces prQ- The shift in the winds is evident in a thQusand moting atheism were nOot merely gQvernment Qffi- ways. The head Qf the Bible SQciety tells me cials Qr a few radical members Qf cabinet; it was that they have just clQsed their best year. The nQt due Qnly to. the influence Qf Russia. Satan Y. M. C. A. has infQrmed me that they had never himself was marshaling his fQrces; the CQmmu- had such a fruitful year as the Qne just ended. nistic "ideQIQgia" was but an instrument in his Evangelical pastQrs, missiQnaries, cQlpQrteurs, hands. There was a feeling of QPpressiQn, SQme- deacQnesses, Christian wQrkers Qf every kind have . thing indefinable that stifled Qne's spirit. Only a new gleam in their eyes. Heavenly breezes are GQd CQuld turn the tide. FQr eight mQnths the blQwing. thrQne Qf GQd was besieged by this devQted and determined grQUp Qf intercessQrs. They felt them- It is true that missiQn schQQls, abQlished three selves whQlly dependent Qn GQd. He alQne CQuld years ago., are still clQsed, but Christian fQrces fQrmerly given to. educatiQn are nQW wQrking hurl back the infernal fQrces that were taking alQng definitely evangelistic lines, and WQuld nQt cQntrQI Qf the land. With dQgged persistence return to. the Qld Qrder if they eQuId.

they prayed and refused to. be discouraged. If the letter Qf the law is still in many respects [123 ]

unfriendly to the Christian Church, at least to the the winds of such a revival are now beginning to Roman Catholic Church, even here the law is be- blow no one can doubt. On all sides there are the coming more and more a dead letter. There is a fragrant heavenly breezes. Christian workers, new spirit abroad. Officials all over ,the land far from being discouraged, are on the march recognize the difference between Evangelical work with eager, wistful looks upon their faces. True, and the old Roman Catholic order. Though their the Roman Catholic Church has received a blow enmity to the latter, for reasons clear to even the from which she will never recover. But in her most superficial observer, is not abated, and prob- place the Sun of Righteousness is ari.sing with ably will not decrease, their friendly attitude to- healing in his wings. We covet the prayer of ward Protestants becomes ever more pronounced. Christian people everywhere that God may raise up laborers. "The harvest is plenteous but the To illustrate: For a year or more the Gospel laborers are few." has been preached in the Mexican Federal Prison. Then suddenly the door was closed. This led to a TO TRAIN MISSIONARIES TO MOSLEMS call to prayer that God who had opened the door would keep it open. After much prayer the case The Henry Martyn School of Islamic Studie'S was presented to the head of the Federal District, who expressed real satisfaction because of the One-seventh of the world's population is Moswork and iss.ued an order that the workers be per- lem. To lead a Moslem to Christ, without a knowlmitted to go ahead unmolested. Hundreds in this edge of the teaching and practices of Islam is like great prison have accepted Christ as their per- trying to lead a Jew to Christ, without having an sonal Saviour and are eagerly studying the Scrip- adequate knowledge of the Old Testament. But tures. how is the average missionary and Christian worker going to wade through the voluminous A recent experience with the firemen of the city writings of Moslem apologies and the replies by reveals the hunger in men's hearts for the Word Christian scholars to their declarations that the of God. A casual call at the Central Fire Station, Bible is corrupted, the Koran abrogates the Bible, with' a New Testament, elicited such a fervent Christ was a mere human prophet, Christ never response that in a short time Bible classes were died on the Cross, there is no need for the atoneorganized in all four stations. The chief, a thirty- ment, no resurrection occurred, and other obsecond degree Mason, was eager that his men jections? should be acquainted with the Bible. Some two hundred Testaments were given out and it was a One answer to this great need for a training joy to sit with these men about a great table in center for missionaries and Christian workers is their station library, and to read and expound the the Henry Martyn School at Lahore, opened in Word of God. Unfortunately, Police Headquarters 1930. It was appropriate that such a center are in the upper stories of the same building occu- should be opened in the Punjab in the heart of pied by the Central Fire Station. When the police eighty millions of Moslems. learned about the work among the firemen the result was a suspension of the Bible classes. As- The most remarkable feature of this School has surance has been given, however, that after the been the training of Moslem converts and Indian storm has blown over, the classes will be resumed. workers who have felt the call to bring the Gospel Not all depar,tments of the Government are aware to Moslems. Workers representing twenty-one of the shift in the winds, as this incident reveals. different missionary societies have already taken advantage of the course in Lahore, some having A mighty Salvation Army movement is under come from as far away as Kashgar, Chinese way in the Federal District, under the guidance of Turkestan and Inland China. ' the Spirit of God. The work was begun by a Mexican government inspector, who had found Twenty-seven Extension Courses have been Christ and began witnessing to the "down-and- conducted throughout the length and breadth of outs" of the worst section of the city. Without India, which mean that hundreds of Indian Chrisany knowledge of the Salvation Army, this con- tians have been given a new vision for work vert, Sr. Guzman, developed a work with an evan- among Mohammedans. gelistic emphasis even stronger than that which is found in the Salvation Army today. Sr. Guz- The School, with all its great opportunities, has man and a group of his Christian "soldiers" re- been threatened by the possibility of having to cently attended a Salvation Army Congress in close because of the lack of $2,500 required an- Atlanta, Georgia, where he received the Army flag nually for running expenses. Such a far-reaching from General Evangeline Booth herself, and was work run on such a small amount of money is officially adopted into the Army. remarkable; to close the school would be a catas- trophe.* The eight months of intercession had as one of its objects a spiritual revival in Mexico. That • Subscriptions may be sent to the Treasurer, The Henry Martyn School, 9 Masson Road, Lahore, India.

SYNOD OF THE PRESBYTE'RIAN CHURCH IN FORMOSA-1937

A Visit to Beautiful Formosa –eel I By REV. GEORGE H. WINN, Seoul, Chosen I )it- ~==========================~ A PORTUGUESE sea captain, beholding the Mackay. He was my interpreter for part of the beauties of the island, called Taiwan by the conference. Japanese under whose government it has We docked at a modern wharf at Keelung and been for forty years, exclaimed in Portuguese went to the home of Miss Adams in Tamsui, the Ihla Formosa – "Beautiful Isle" – and that has most beautiful of the Formosan mission stations.

since remained its English name. After Sunday at Tamsui we went on south to For many years we have desired to see For- Tainan by an all-day train journey to attend the mosa. As a little boy I had taken from my fa- conference of Christian workers. The Japanese ther's bookshelves the story of Dr. George Leslie train service is excellent and at numberless sta- Mackay's lif,e and had read it with interest, so it tions side lines branch off to huge sugar plan- was a great thrill to go to Formosa and there take tations.

dinner in the home of his son, the Rev. George Many pushcars are used where the energy is [125 ]

provided by two men who ride down hills and and the coffee bean grow in the mISSIOn comsometimes pole the car at five or six mnes an hour. pounds; at Tainan the compound contains many In addition to the coastal line on which we rode rose-apple trees from which they gain an income there was an inner parallel line through the moun- of about 200 yen. Brilliantly-colored wild shrubtains, but an earthquake damaged that line so bery abounds everywhere. Many of the mimosa greatly that s,eventy-five million yen would be have flowers of a greenish yellow, instead of the necessary to restore its tunnels and bridges. One pink to which we were accustomed; trees, similar train had just gone through a tunnel when the to the acacia in foliage, bloom in brilliant reds and earthquake came and destroyed the tunnel behind yellows. Banyan trees are common and at the it and the bridge ahead. Only this f'lpring, two railroad stations are trained and trimmed to spell years later, did they manage to get the train out out the names of the stations. of the predicament. The soil is exceedingly fertile so that two, and Water buffalo are everywhere in the rice fields; occasionally three, crops of rice a year are haras they plow and harrow, the driver pours water vested. Sugar cane is abundant, and the world's supply of camphor comes from Formosa. Bamboo is present everywhere, being planted around the villages to protect them from typhoon winds.

Many tons of bamboo are shipped to America. Coal is also abundant and petroleum, gold and silver are found.

At Tainan we had a unique experience-a ride in a bamboo boat. Some twenty large bamboo poles are bound together in a curved raft. With sails set, the raft slips along, the water rushing through the cracks from one en~ to the other. To keep passengers out of the water, tubs are pro- vided; and in them we sat high and dry with water all around.

In Formosa are the aboriginees of the moun- tains, driven there when the Chinese invaded the island some four hundred years ago. They are of Malay descent and were head hunters. The more civilized tribes remained in the nlains and intermingled with the Hakkas from China. The Amoy Chinese are the largest element of aU, and there are some 300,000 Japanese who have ruled the land for forty years, since the Treaty of Shi- monoseki. Our chief interest in the people was in their relation to Christ. There are four mission sta- tions, two in the north, two in the south. The Protestant church, mostly Presbyterian, numbers about 50,000, making one Christian in a hundred.

ABORIGINES AND AN EDUCATED FORMOSAN WOMAN The Roman Catholic group is very weak. The Presbyterian churches number about one hundred over the animal with a long-handled dipper. If and seventy, served by forty pastors. Although they are dry their skin cracks. Everywhere flocks graduates of the Theological Seminary are more of ducks with their keepers are to be seen wad- numerous than that, they must work on probation dling in the water along the roads, their keepers for three years, studying and taking examinations strolling after them in leisurely manner holding before they are ordained. No church is built exumbrellas aloft. It is amusing to observe the cept by approval of a committee of Presbytery haste with which the ducks automatically seek the who pass on plans and see if sufficient funds are side of the road at the sound of the honk of an available. The church is practically self-supportauto. ing and self-governing.

The island reminds one of Hawaii. The lux- The missionary conference had an attendance uriant flora of the tropics greeted the eye, and the of some 140 pastors and unordained. workers. The fragrance of the same flowers used for the Ha- latter are seminary graduates, largely young men waiian lei gr,eeted the nostrils. Banana, papaya and forward looking, with a zeal for Christ. It

A VISIT TO BEAUTIFUL FORMOSA

was a real inspiration to be with them for the a Women's School. Church Kindergartens have week. been added recently and are a powerful 'agency in linking the homes with the Church. The First church at Tainan has one of the best organized Sunday schools I have seen, made up Presbyterian missionary work in North Forof some four hundred children and young people. mosa is conducted from two centers, Taihoku and One hundred .of the young folk are .organized into Tamsui. The work in South Formosa is under preaching bands and go out from Sunday to Sun- the Presbyterian .Church of England. day to preach. There were five hundred Christians present at the morning worship service. The MacKay Memorial Hospital was built at Outside many stood around the doors and win- Taihoku to carryon medical work and is filled to dows, while others sat in the shade of the trees to capacity. There is a leprosy clinic for out-palisten. It was a well-dressed audience and seemed tients, closely identified with the Happy Mount largely composed of the business and professional Leprosy Colony. To the patients in every hosclasses, though some in coarse work clothes were pita;} department the story of Christ the Great not ashamed to come in with them. The singing Physician is made very clear. was hearty and accurate in pitch, and I was interested to note a blind man in front singing and General evangelistic work is carried on among following the service in the Braille. the Aboriginal tribes to build up an indigenous, self-governing, self-supporting and self-propa- The second service of the day, instead of being gating church. The native Christian churches at night was in the afternoon, at the Peaceful have their .own governing body, the North For- East Gate Church, which has a membership of mosa Presbytery, which, with that of the Presbyseven hundred. That service also was well at- terian Church of England in South F.ormosa form tended in spite of a heavy downpour. The pastor the Presbyterian Synod of Formosa. is a strong leader, a convert from the Plainsmen. The orderliness and quiet reverence of the wor- The evangelistic work is promoted byaggresship in that church created a truly spiritual at- sive teaching and preaching. A three-year movemosphere. ment was begun by the native Presbytery which seeks t.o quicken the whole church life through Let me tell the story of a Formosan magistrate. prayer, Bible study and various forms of service. He loved the savages and did his best to keep Revival services have been held by Evangelist them from coming down on head-hunting expedi- Dr. Sung of China. Thousands attended; huntions. They, on their part, respected him and dreds were converted and several hundred preachknew that he was a true friend. One day they ing bands were formed, the members pledging said they must have one more head for a great festival. In vain did the magistrate protest. themselves to testify to Christ at least once a Finally he asked whether they would make this week. Thus the whole spiritual life of the church their last such raid. They made an agreement to has been quickened. so do, so he said, "At early dawn I'll send a man dressed in red. Take him." Sure enough a figure The spirit of Christian youth in Formosa was in red appeared. He was shot and his head taken evident at the conference of 1936 when two hunin high glee, but soon their savage rejoicing was dred delegates, men and women, testified of their turned to mourning for they found that this man joy in Christian fellowship. The first Preachers' in red was none other than their best friend, the Wives' Conference of North Formosa was held in magistrate who had given himself for his people. Tamsui for three days, attended by forty-three The people saw the evil of their ways and re- preachers' wives. Definite w.ork among the pented. From that time head hunting has not women and girls of congregations was planned. been practiced. This man's stone memorial stands The Formosan Women's Missionary Society has at a spot near where he gave his life. now over 400 members and is actively interested in the work of the Bible women who receive excel- *** lent training in the Women's School at Tamsui.

PRESBYTERIAN WORK IN FORMOSA Japanese Government regulations n.ow require that all missionaries in Formosa use the Japanese Evangelical missionary work in North For- language instead of Formosan Chinese. This m.osa is conducted under the auspices of the Pres- change has placed a heavy load of language study byterian Church in Canada and has followed the on missionaries, but they are finding that the two general plan outlined by the pi.oneer missionary, languages will be of value in evangelism. Dr. George Leslie MacKay. He undertook to give the Formosans the best possible Christian educa- Changes in the educational situation have left tion in order to train them for life and service. our missionaries free to devote themselves to teaching the Gospel and training Formosans to There have been established a Boys' Middle carryon the work so that in time to come native School, a Girls' School, a Theological College and Christians may assume the responsibility of evan- gelizing their own people, and native homes will become centers of religious Ufe.

Situation in Soviet Russia*

By NICHOLASARSENIEV, Warsaw, Poland Professor of Theology in University of Warsaw .nA..NY investigation into the religious situ~tion accordingly. I.t seems as if events were pressing in Soviet Russia is met wth baffling difficul- towards a spiritual issue and this makes the pres- . ties, but in this intricate and seemingly ent moment a significant one from the religious confused panorama certain facts stand out clearly. point of view.

(1) There seems to be an increase of religious A Closer Survey of Facts feeling and of religious energy among the people. Possibly it is the manifestation of this, rather In spite of every eff.ort on the part of the Bolthan the feeling its·elf, that has increased. sheviks, it was found impossible to strangle all religious life by persecution. This very persecu- (2) Methods of anti-religi.ous propaganda' and tion has had the opposite effect and religi.on has, of religious persecution have, to a great extent, in many cases, been strengthened and driven more failed, and there is disappointment among Bol- deeply than ever into the lives of the Russian peosheviks as to the results of their struggle against ple. Every n.ow and again this religious convicreligion. tion seems to spread in ever-widening circles, sometimes among the most unexpected elements (3) The Bolsheviks had to adopt some changes of the population. in their handling .of the religious question. These changes are mainly of a tactical, not of an essen- Let me quote from an interesting article by E. tial character. Most of them are only means of Yaroslavsky, the leader.of the League of Militant concealing the real state of things. Alth.ough Atheists.1 In reply to his questi.on: "Who goes these "veils" or "screens" are transparently to church-people belonging to what strata of the clumsy they have proved effective, and friends of population ?" the following is the answer: the Soviet Government in foreign countries accept them, with no wish for further investigation. In At the factory Fmser (in Moscow) quite a number of other words, these changes (t.o a great extent only workmen are missing from work on church holidays. In fictitious) represent a policy of deceit, built on a the religious organizations of the province of Gorky (pregigantic scale and used by the Bolsheviks to mis- viously Nijny-Novgorod) four per cent of the presidents lead public .opini.on in foreign countries~ of parish councils are workmen. . . . There is a railway village, Kbstych, where 10,000 workmen live. Among the (4) Religious persecution c.ontinues in Soviet communists this village is known as the 'priest health re- Russia, although there are some changes in its sort,' more than fifty priests live there. In Petrozavodsk application. in the parish councils of the churches Onejskaya and Neglinskaya workmen predominate. Let us take the (5) In the main, the general picture .of the offi- Church of the Transfiguration in Irkutsk: there are, on cial attitude to religion in Soviet Russia is much the whole, 911 believers in the community, among them the same as it has been for five .or six years. The 866 women of whom 40 per cent work in factories. Ijevsk difference lies in the greater religious activity of is a factory town. In 1936 the local priest Pletzky was a the Believers and in the collapse of many of the former workman. . . .

methods of anti-religious propaganda. In the railway village D.oobliantchina, the The collapse of anti-religious propaganda, due church choir consists of fifty singers, many of to lack of c.ollaborators, becomes more manifest them young people; the majority are railway day by day. This, however, does not mean a workmen. In the village Ilovay-Rojdestvenskaya change in the attitude of the Government. One (near the station Brigadirskaya), inhabited string of its bow, that of anti-religious propa- mostly by railway workmen, the church has re- ganda, is broken, or rather damaged; ,the .other, cently been restored.2 The miners in the Donetz that of vi.olent destruction of church-buildings and district, having obtained from the authorities ma- objects of religious art and the putting to death terials for building their homes, handed them over of bishops, priests and many Believers, continues for the restoration of the churches and chapels.

to functi.on. Bolsheviks are realizing more and Children are again being baptized. Before the more the unabated power .of religion and hate it • Condensed from Wo.rld Domini,on (London), January, 1938. 1 Anti1"eZigiosnik, No.6, 1937. 2 Communist paper Goodok, quoted in the Warsaw paper Slo1}o, 28th August, 1937.

[128 ] entrance to dangerous coal mines public prayers The growth of religious life is especially conare said.3 spicuous in the country, notwithstanding the col- lectivization of the peasant classes. In collective There is a remarkable spread of religion among farms it is not uncommon to find priests celethe young people, who are especially the object of brating religious services in a barn or shed which anti-religious propaganda in Soviet Russia, and has been turned into a chapel.lO In the province even among the c.omsomoltzy (members of the of Nijni-Novgorod the peasants have started "con- Youth Communist League). The Review of the secrating" their huts, which means that they ask Youth Communist League, the Comsomole Truth, a priest to come and conduct a short service and gives a picture of the growth of religious feeling sprinkle the hut with "holy water." In some vilamong the young generation in the province of lages even the village authorities (themselves Voronej. The girls have founded a "secret mon- peasants, although members of the Communist astery"; fifteen girls from two kolkhose (i.e., col- Party) are being influenced by the general relilectivized villages) joined it immediately. Boys gious awakening and make no objection to and girls go to communion, are wedded in church processions or to public prayers being said churches, observe church fasts and religious rites. by the clergy in the village schools at the opening Young married couples baptize their children. In of the school yearY Church holidays – special spite of all this these young people continue to be Days to St. Nicholas, St. John, St. Peter, St. Paul, numbered among the Coms.omoltzy.4 St. Elija, and our Lady of Kazan, are celebrated by the peasantry, and especial reverence is paid The Bolshevic Review, Socialistic Agriculture, to the feasts of Transfiguration and Assumption. speaks of groups organized by the young people In the small town of Alexin (formerly province for the reading of the Bible.5 In the district of of Toula) religious funerals of the faithful take Zaslavsk (province of Vinnitza) three Comso- place. In the .community of Boorilovsk (district moltzy have signed the request for re-opening the of Efremov) numbering 1,300 inhabitants, all church.6 In Beresovsk very early in the morning families baptize their children, with the exception people may be seen gathering in a churchyard, of five or six.12 where priests are celebrating. (This means that there is not a church left in the locality.) The This enhancement of religious activity seems to Oural Workman writing of this adds: "It is sad be backed up and fostered, much against the aims that many young persons are in the crowd." In of the Bolsheviks themselves, by the new constithe province of Nijni-Novgorod the leader of the tution of Soviet Russia, passed in 1936, by which local board of instruction was entrusted with an the right of citizenship (i.e., the right to vote) investigation into the state of the schools. He has been restored to ministers of religion. The found that boys in primary and secondary schools Believers seem sometimes to consider these "conwere singing in church choirs. In smaller towns stitutional changes," which are meant, in the and villages schoolboys might be seen asking a main, to remain a dead letter, as something which clergyman's blessing when they met him in the might improve the religious situation in Russia. street. 7 In dealing with local authorities they often appeal to these changes, as giving them a new legal stand- A Bolshevik journalist, Kosharev, tells us in the ing. They sometimes feel sufficiently emboldened Soviet paper Pravda that the Comsomoltzy go to to present petitions to the Government for perchurch, are wedded in churches and baptize their mission to re-open churches. These petitions, acchildren: Soviet students take part in church cording to report, are signed, not only by members choirs in Penza and Ulyanovsk. At the thirteenth of "collective farms," but even, here and there, by Communist Party conference in Kiev much was members of the Communist Youth Organization. said about schoolboys and girls buying small icons and crosses in the churches. Yaroslavsky tells usS The review Antireligioznik13 tells us that the that in the Gorky province in twenty-two districts priests try to explain in their own way paragraph there are 182 members of church parish councils 124 of the New Constitution: of Comsomol age, that is, between the ages of eighteen and twenty-five. Bishop Silvester was In many places, even in the province of Moscow, the recently arrested in Torjok. He had great in- faithful celebrated in the churches solemn services of fluence on the young people. As a protest against thanksgiving for the promulgation of the new Constituhis imprisonment some of the Comsomoltzy threw tion. In their sermons priests praised its authors and away their Communist certificates.9 expressed their gratitude to God. In the province of Yaroslav the peasants of the collective farms talk of the 3 Bolshevik paper Trood-. Compare Slovo, 5th and 12th September, necessity of re-opening churches,14 1937. 10 Slovo, 4th April, 1937. 4 Slovo, 3rd October, 1937. 11 The Bolshevic Review, Socialistic Agriculture, 1937. • Siovo, 10th October, 1937. 12 Antireligioznik, No.4, April, 1937. 6 Antireligiosnik, No.4. April, 1937. ]3 Antireligioznik, No.4, April, 1937. • Siovo, 6th June, 1937. 14 Socialistic Oulture, quoted in the paper Pravos/avnaya Russ, 8 Bolchevic, No.4, 1937. Vladimirovo Tchecho-Slovakia, 10th July, 1937. • Slovo, 5th September, 1937.

Even the village authorities are telling members of the The redoubling of persecution shows that these anti-religious propaganda movement that Believers and "friendly hints" fall on fruitful soil. The Soviet ministers of the cult are now in possession of the same Government can be thankful te these informers. rights as other citizens.15 We, too, have reason to thank them, for, through the rage and hate of these collaborators of the The movement for re-opening churches seems to spread Soviet executioners, out of those very reports through many parts of Russia. In the district of Zaslavsk which are meant to be weapons of persecution and three Comsomoltzy have signed a request for that pur- which have already sealed the fate of many bepose.16 lievers, how be;autifully there shines forth the religious fervor of the humble clergy and the The Meaning faithful people.

These reports are brought out as a charge It is interesting to note the response to the reagainst Believers. Names are given where they quests for the re-dpening of churches. There seem are available. The Bolshevik authorities will prob- to have been occasions when the results were faably see to it that such happenings shall not be vorable. The Kharbin papers contain the memrepeated, and that the persons in question shall oirs of a certain Mrs. Kravtchenko-Kostenko, who be punished. The following may be read, for in- left Soviet Russia in March of this year. She stance, as a distinct denunciation: tells of a terrible drought in the Volga region in – the summer of 1936. The people became restive The parish council of the church Neglinskaya (in Petro- and demanded the re-opening of the St. Elija zavodsk) has for its chairman the carpenter Kijin, a work- church in the town of Balashov. A petition was man from the Onega factory. The workmen Frolov and sent to Stalin himself who at once complied with Anookov are members of the same parish council. The the request by a telegram, being afraid (accordpresident of the parish council of the Zaretzkaya church ing to Mrs. Kravtchenko) of troubles among the is also a factory woman, Arifmetikova. We could quote peasantry. The general attitude of the Soviet many similar examples. . . . When a religious funeral of Government towards such questions, however, is a workman of the Onega factory took place, seventy-five clearly stated in a decree in the "religious" secworkmen of the factory were present. Neither party or- tion of the G.P.V., which alone has the authority ganization, nor Comsomol nor communist trade union cared to grant such petitions. Four requirements are in the least that church people should use the funeral of necessary for the re-opening of a church: (1) It a workman for a religious demonstration. must be proved that the people asking for this are politically trustworthy; (2) the church in ques- It would be astonishing if hints such as these, tion should not be situated within less than onegiven by spies of the Soviet Government, should quarter-of-an-hour's walk from the nearest school remain unnoticed by that Government. We may (this condition alone is enough to make all these be sure that the workmen of the Onega factory applications worthless); (3) there must be no had to pay dearly for their participation at a reli- "founded" objections from the local godless league gious funeral and in parish councils! 11 to the re-opening of the church!

The informer of the paper Ouralsky Rabotchy As to the promises of the new constitution, they says: are meant, to a large extent, to deceive public opinion outside Russia. The effect produced on This year the church "Fathers" have developed an un- Believers seems to have been unexpected by the precedented activity. In the district of Voroshilovsk, under Government. The religious tide has been strengthcover of "divine words," the papers are making counter- ened. That explains the cry of rage that fills the revolutionary propaganda against the most important Bolshevik periodicals for the year 1937 to a measures of the Government. In March of this year the greater extent than before. They are doing their priest Slavtza, of the church of Gorodistshe, threatened best to restore the balance, by redoubling the govfrom the pulpit those among the Believers who would allow ernmental support of anti-religious propaganda their children to be educated under atheistic teaching. on the one hand and by pursuing the line of phys- The sermon of the priest was directed against the Soviet ical suppression on the other. The reports in the methods of education. Bolshevik papers that we have quoted are pre- liminary steps pointing out the enemy to the In the village Lenktva the priest Kotchetkoff has com- authorities. The sequel is often exile or even the posed a special prayer for pacification of the church. The death-sentence for the victim. prayer was directed against the collective farms and tended to excite dissatisfaction against the Bolshevik au- Anti-Religious Propaganda thorities. This holy priest took special "care" of tlie atheistic youth. The activity of the priests does not limit The inner impulse of the anti-religious propaitself to the precincts of the church buildings. At the ganda movement is dying out. The breakdown of station of Oosolskaya men and women from the collective the Godless Movement is a fact to be reckoned farms may often be met, talking "peacefully" on religious SUbjects. In the village of Eskino the ex-priest gathers the people in the evenings in his room for prayer. (This means that the church has been closed and taken away from the Believers.) Every evening the singing of a choir may be heard from the house of this holy father.

Such information provides a most efficient and terrible weapon for the suppression of religion.

15 Socialistic AgricuUure, See Slovo,. 16 AntireZigiosni/(;, No.4, 1937. 17 Unhappily this proved to be true.

RELIGIOUS SITUATION IN SOVIET RUSSIA

with (the Godless policy of the Soviets, of course, on relentlessly? Here we come at last to the true still continues). In sixteen provinces of the Sovi~t nature of things.

Union the leagues of the Militant Godless have The Metropolitan Peter, the real lo.cum tenens ceased to exist. Some of them, before dissolving, of the vacant Patriarchal Seat of Russia, died last handed their archives over to the councils of reli- year in exile under terrible conditions. His lawful gious communities. The records of the atheistic successor, Metropolitan Cyrill of Kazan (ap- league of Vyshni-Volotchok, for instance, are in pointed twelve years ago by the Patriarch Ty- the custody of the local Evangelical community.l8 chon) is condemned to forced labor, which means The General Secretary of the League of the Mili- an awful death – slow, painful, in dirt, stench, tant Godless, Olestshuk, gives a survey of the state hunger, exhaustion and humiliation, eaten by ver- of utter decadence and inner dissolution of the min and covered by wounds and loathsome rags.

organizations throughout the country.l9 In Mos- What has become of the many bishops and in- cow there was not a single active godless member numerable thousands of priests and Believers still among the workmen of Moscow factories who in the labor camps (death camps would be a truer could be invited to take part in a conference dedi- description) of the G.P.U.? 24 A Bolshevik official cated to the problem of improving and heightening statement gives the figure of 9,126 "ministers of the activity of the League.2o cult" in these terrible camps of compulsory The Constitution and Religion work.25 This figure is clearly an underestimate: added to these there are numbers in exile in the The wording of the paragraph of the new con- wildest parts of northern Russia and Siberia. The stitution concerning religion runs as follows :21 destruction of churches continues. There was a In order to secure full freedom of conscience to the pause in the destruction of the well-known "Pascitizens of the Union of the Soviets, the Church is sep- sion Monastery" (Strastnoy) in Moscow, but it arated from the State and the School from the Church. has been renewed with energy.26 The famous The liberty of practicing religious cults and of anti-religious propaganda is vouchsafed to all citizens. Vydubitzky monastery near Kiev, dating from 1070, has been quite recently destroyed.27 During The former text (May,1929) stated that liberty the first half of 1937 no fewer than 612: churches was acknowledged by law to "religious confessions have been pulled down in Soviet Russia.28 Orders and anti-religious propaganda." The 1918 text have been given for the destruction of a further was worded, ". . . liberty of religious and anti- 2,900 churches and 63 monasteries.29 Many of the religious propaganda." It can be seen that there big towns have not a single church left.

is no vital difference between the texts of 1929 and A fierce campaign against the Orthodox clergy 1936, and we know that the quite liberal and tol- has resulted in many executions. In the rooms of erant wording of the 1929 text did not protect the former theological academy of Moscow a High Believers from the most atrocious treatment, it School for Atheistic Culture has been opened.30 merely served as a sort of screen to cover the in- In August, 1937, tWe'llty-nine clergymen were sencreasing religious persecution.22 tenced to death and shot in east Siberia. In Kras- noyarsk, as a penalty for influencing young peo- What guarantee is there that the nearly iden- ple towards religion, five Orthodox, three Roman tical text of 1936, restated solemnly as part of the Catholic priests and ten Baptists were sentenced new constitution, will make things easier? to ten to fifteen years in SovieJt concentration camps.31 Of greater interest are paragraphs 135 and 136, restoring the right to vote to the clergy.23 It is Where is the liberty, the tolerance, proclaimed our prayer that this will really mean an improve- by the Soviet Government? Let us try to sum up ment in the religious situation. A Christian's at- the religious situation in Soviet Russia in a few titude towards the Soviets depends ultimately on words. It is dark indeed, and stained-and sancthe latter's real (not fictitious) attitude towards tified-by blood and suffering, but there are rays religion. How can this "restoration" of clergy of hope. In God's good purpose there is a rising and Believers to the full right of citizenship (in tide of spiritual life in the country which has been passing, it may be remembered that this right strengthened by the very means destined by goddoes not mean very much in Soviet Russia) be less men to stamp i.t out. reconciled with the persecution of religion going 1.8 See the Bolshevik Review, Oommunist O,/Jtwre, Slow, 6th June, •• Descriptions of Ilfe In labor camps may be found in Prisoner ot 1937. the O.G.P.U., by George Kitchin (Longmans, London, 1935), and 19 Antireligiosnik, No, 7, August, 1937. AU8 dem Lande der Stummen, by Alexandra Anzerowa (Bresla.u, 2Q See Slovo, No. 37, 1937. 21 Paragraph 124. Bergstadverlag, 1936). 25 S. B. Sove, Die Orlhodoxe Kirohe in Sowjetrubkf,nd und in der 22 See my article in the German Cathollc monthly Hoohland, seP- Emig,ration (Eine Heilige Kirohe, 1937, Heft 1/3). tember, 1936. 26 Slovo, 30th May, 1937. 23 The text of paragraph 135 runs: "All the citizens of the U"S.S.R., 27 SZOvo, 18th April, 1937. 28 Dei,. Riell. Komme, September, 1937. having attained the age of eighteen, have, independently of their 29 La Libre Belgique, 3rd July, 1937. race, nationaIlty, confession, and social origin, the right to partake 30 Prawslavnaja Rus8, 25th September, 1937. at the elections of deputies and can themselves be elected, with the at. Slo1)o, 19th September, 1937. exception of lunatics and of persons who have been condemned by Tribunal to be deprived of right of election."

A Trip into Closed Afghanistan*

A Vacation Trip with the Expedition of the American Institute of Iranian Art and Archteology, Visiting Meshed, in Southeastern Iran, and Visiting Herat, in Afghanistan By the REV. J. CHRISTY WILSON, D.D., Tabriz, Persia Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A ..

W E LEFT Meshed in the afternoon and Afghanistan, it would no doubt be a most difficult drove 150 miles to the Iranian border cus- and, at first, a field of very small apparent results. toms at Yusephabad. The director of cus- When the changes come, however, which have so toms was a former student of the Alborz College affected other Moslem lands and are bound sooner in Teheran. A concrete monument marks the or later to reach Afghanistan, it would be won- boundary of Iran and Afghanistan. derful to have Christian representatives already The border post is at Islamgaleh, where our established on the ground.

passports were inspected. Everyone speaks Per- The head of the national hospital told me that sian but Pushtu has recently been made the official there are only two qualified doctors and several language. others with some little private training for a city After leaving the border, we followed a made 60,000 to 75,000 inhabitants. This doctor promroad with crushed stone surface, but in places ised to invite Dr. Hoffman, in Meshed, or Dr. heavy sand had drifted over the highway. The Cochran to come to Herat to consult on the build- Afghan legation in London had warned Mr. Pope ing of a new government hospital. This may dethat it might be best to avoid night driving, but velop into an opportunity for establishing close we were overtaken with darkness in the desert relations between the medical work of our mission and drove on for about two hours to Herat. The· in Meshed and Afghanistan. distance from the border post to Herat is about The fabulous country of Afghanistan is very eighty miles. We were entertained at the hotel operated for foreigners by the Afghan Govern- much like Iran of yesterday. The men all wear white turbans, with one end dangling down the ment. There is entirely a different spirit among the back or over a shoulder, which caused my servant, Ali, to remark, "It appears that all the men are people of Afghanistan from that which we see in mullahs up here." We found that roving bands Iran today. All the enthusiasm for the new and novel and for progress is lacking, except in a few of Afghan raiders are not fiction, for there was a wounded Iranian officer at Turbat-i~Sheikh Jam individuals. There seems to be great religious conservation and fanaticism. The women are who had received a long bullet wound through the upper part of his led in a fight near the border on tightly veiled in costumes that were prevalent in Iran thirty or forty years ago. ,.Some of the the previous day. We fitted one of the spring beds in the back of our truck as a hospital cot, with women wear white or colored "charshabs" in the street, though the majority are black. When we plenty of mattresses and quilts, so that he could lie down at full length. We had come up in three were taking pictures from the roof of the J ami' Mosque men were sent ahead to cry out a warning . and a half hours, but it took six on the return trip lest by chance there should be women in some with our wounded officer. The road was rough, and even with careful driving it must have been near-by yard who might be seen even from such a painful trip for him, though he said he was very a distance by our profane eyes. comfortable, and expressed his appreciation to I gave out a few Christian tracts and Gospels, Donald Wilber and me by drawing us down to his where there was evident desire for them. Should an opening come for the missionary occupation of bed, after we had delivered him safely to the mili- tary hospital in Meshed, and giving us each a re- • Condensed from The Presbyterian. sounding kiss.

[ 132]

New Outlook·in

By ALEXANDER McLEISH, London, England Survey Department of the World Dominion Press A RECENT visit to India and careful study of foreigner will come into right relationship with the work of many missions has produced his Indian brethren. Almost any work can be some strong impressions concerning. the carried on which the group agrees to do; there mIssIOnary situation. Just at a time when the is practically no limit to its possibilities. In view response to the Christian Gospel is at its greatest of the great incompleted evangelistic task before the missions are hard pressed to maintain the us every talent can be pooled and utilized.

work. The additions to the Evangelical Christian The need of India must be approached realisti- community are between 200,000 and 250,000 a cally. At this stage of the Christian enterprise, year, and the problem of shepherding them, train- for the foreigner to repeat the experience of the ing pastors and teachers, and pressing forward pioneers of 120 years ago and to bury himself in to meet ever-increasing opportunities for evan- an unevangelized area, as if there was no heritage gelism, is increasingly difficult. There are prob- of the Christian faith and experience in India ably not less than 4,000,000 Evangelical Chris- upon which the newcomer could build, seems to tians in India today, and the witness of many of many observers a foolish policy. Every newcomer .these is the main factor in the great increase of should surely become fully aware of this accumu- the Christian community. This fact must greatly lated experience, and should not repeat the mis- affect all future missionary policy. takes of the past, nor neglect the opportunities Our objective is the evangelization of all India, that have opened on every hand.

and in this the individual Christian witness has To adjust oneself to a new outlook may be diffiproved the most potent factor. It, therefore, must cult, but it must be done if we are to preserve be our great aim to make that Christian witness precious lives and to utilize aright the financial more effective. How can this be made effective? resources, acquired with difficulty. There is great The first necessity is the organizing and equip- waste of both these resources today in India; ping of the Indian Church as the primary evangelizing agency in its own land. In this the for- there is a call for collective action on the part of eigner need no longer take up alone pioneer work missions in dealing with the opportunities and which can be better done by the Indian himself or needs of their respective areas, and for the estab- through effective cooperation with Indian work- lishment of a new relationship on terms of equal- ers. The missionary has the more difficult work ity with Indian fellow workers. Workers of the of undergirding the Indian Church, contributing type who could fulfil this position, do exist but, to tasks still beyond its power, such as the train..: for the most part, they are not being effectively ing of pastors and teachers, the support of pioneer used by missions. Many are working "on their evangelists, and all that will help the Church to own," or have gone into secular professions and discharge its evangelistic task as effectively as business. Meanwhile missions employ workers possible. All this the foreign mission can do with- on srnall salaries, who are not the best kind of out pauperizing or destroying the self-respect of leaders for the Christian community which they the Church and its leaders. serve. There is no solution to this situation from There are many young people who feel the the point of view of the mission; the true solu- claims of the Indian mission field today. The diffi- tion is to accept the viewpoint of the Indian culty in regard to these is to know. what to advise. Church which in these matters must be served by Some things stand out clearly. The first is that both Indian and European in full and generous any new work should be done in cooperation.with cooperation.

Indian leaders of the right stamp. Everywhere Experience has shown that a Church built up by ashrams, or brotherhood fellowships, are spring- foreign effort remains an exotic or conglomerate ing up, and this is one of the ways in which India entity which fails to fit into the community life.

herself is pointing to the solution of co-working Further, continued foreign control of the grow- with the foreigner. The ashram, or fellowship ing Church is unhealthy. All this denotes that team work, insures from the beginning that the there is need to revise our policies and ask whether [133 ]

the mission-centric plan of work is wise and in complete fellowship with them. Only in this whether we can find a better way. I am convinced way can the great and growing response to the that there is a better way, more difficult certainly, Gospel be met. yet the only way to build the Church of the future in India. An example of what is here urged can be found in the work of the Diocese of the Bishop of Dor- There is in India an average of only nine mis- nakal where a large Indian staff under Indian disionaries to each 1,000,000 people in India, and rection works with a few Europeans who do just there are as a result great unoccupied fields con- that special kind of work for which they are spetaining many millions of people. There are 670,- cially fitted, namely, training teachers and pastors 000 villages, of which Chdstians certainly cannot for the Church of the future. There are other be found in more than 70,000. These many vil- examples Of the new order in India, but they are lages can never be reached by foreign enterprise; it is, therefore, imperative that plans be made de- a still all too few. Qld traditions and practices are liberately to reach them through the Indian Church. The task at the moment is to find Indian dying slowly, but new day has dawned on the leaders and to associate with them kindred spirits Christian enterprise in India, and it behooves us from Christian lands who will be prepared to work to realize this and plan our part as foreign mis- sion workers in the evangelization of that great continent in a new spirit and with a new humility.

Rethinking Missions With Moslems -e{ I By S. NEALE ALTER, Hama, Syria (1921-) I ~.- ~==========================~ ONE of the great ancient Greek philosophers social, political and industrial tenets, must bring has given us the three steps for rethinking. all people into the Christian fold by a strong These are: careful statements of a thesis, world-wide missionary propaganda. By this the- the antithesis, and the synthesis. Following these sis Christianity makes a direct antagonistic attack three steps we shall state briefly the thesis for on Islam. This attitude has been justified by the missions during the last century, the antithesis following claims: to this from the point of view of the thoughtful First, the only true form of monotheism is Moslem and finally we shall consider a new syn- found in Christianity – unity in Trinity. The thesis of missions to Islam. When one attempts to "rethink missions" with monotheism of Judaism is considered inferior be- cause too primitive, while the monotheism of Moslems one needs to take into account the atti- Islam is judged to be a perversion of that of tudes and opinions of Moslems who really do some ,Judaism and Christianity and therefore even less genuine thinking. While these represent less than tenable. two percent of the Moslems at present, they are the ones who will determine the future course of Second, Christianity claims to possess the one Islam. The unthinking masses do not acknowl- and only doctrine which guarantees salvation from edge that there could be any true thesis for Chris- sin and entrance into Eternal Life. This doctrine tian missionary work among Moslems, and a new has been developed by the Christian Church and synthesis would be considered as the rankest form reduced to creeds.

of heresy-a compromise with the devil himself. Third, modern Western civilization is held to With the thinking Manodslepmr,esheonwtsevaern, the situation be superior to all others, and is a direct result of is quite different encouraging Christianity. This civilization has usually in- challenge for both missionaries and Moslems to cluded the political, social and industrial orders do some real rethinking, preferably in joint con- current in the countries from which missionaries ferences. are sent. Western civilization is introduced by The Thesis; In brief the Christian thesis for promoting modern education and by supplanting missions to Islam has been somewhat as follows: the less ideal social, industrial and political orders, Christianity being the only true religion, holding by those prevailing in the West. The expansion of the one true form of monotheism, possessing the Christian political and industrial imperialism of one true doctrine of salvation and having superior the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries have

RETHINKING MISSIONS WITH MOSLEMS

made this claim seem to be important in the eyes on a much higher plain of physical, cultural and of the "sending groups." spiritual well-being than similar workers in the Moslem Near and Far East, but that Western in- Fourth, the Christian Church, as an institution, dustrialism, democracy and culture are the endeavors to absorb into itself all people of the panacea for all the ills of mankind, the thoughtful world. The great weakness to this project has Moslem is no longer as naive and ready to accept been the fact that there have been so many com- this claim as he was twenty-five years ago. The peting forms that the Church has taken. Each thoughtful Moslem will continue to look West inbranch of the Church shows an unwillingness to stead of East for material inspiration but he is make serious modifications in its particular doc- not willing to accept everything without many trines and forms of worship. As numerical gain serious reservations and modifications. has been too often considered as the measuring rod for success; different missions have even Thoughtful Moslems also disagree with the often been in strong competition with each other, claim that Western civilization is entirely the reand with the national faiths of other Christian sult of the Christian religion. They claim that groups among whom they were working. many factors, such as modern science, secular edu- cation, mechanical inventions, imperialism, and Fifth, the claims as to Jesus have often made it change of itrade routes, have also played very im- portant parts in Western progress. necessary for a convert to accept all the implica- The fourth claim that the Christian Church tions, interpretations and creedal statements of should absorb all the people of the world is rejected since the thoughtful Moslem sees little the particular sending group. It was seldom that evidence of its realization. He makes serious objections to the results which he sees in the even minor modifications were permitted among effect of absorption on some of the individuals who have been taken into the Christian Church. new Believers. . But to the claim, that one must accept the his- The Antithesis to this thesis for missions, torical creedal statements about Jesus, the brought by modern thoughtful Moslems may be thoughtful Moslem takes the greatest exception. stated as follows: Moslems claim that the Chris- Missionaries go to Moslems to make Jesus Christ tian form of monotheism is not superior to all known to those with whom they come in contact. others but that their simpler form is better. In There is no greater need than this since Moslems fact many thinking Moslems feel that many do not really know the Jesus as He is revealed in Christians believe in three Gods, since it is diffi- the Gospels. The statements in the Koran about cult to recognize their complicated belief in the "Aisa" are often far from correct. Trinity as true monotheism. Thoughtful, well informed Moslems do, however, recognize that many After coming into contact with missionaries Protestants hold a true monotheism. Some even who make Jesus Christ known, many thoughtful go further and acknowledge that the modern Prot- Moslems are willing to correct the false historical estant conception of monotheism would have a statements of the Koran and accept the Gospel good influence on Islam, since it would vitalize rather than the Koran as the true history. Also the austere desert deism of Islam. But most Mos- many are willing to admit that Jesus Christ must lems would prefer austere deism rather than any- have a superior place to Mohammed, and some are thing that seemed to them to be a compromise even willing to accept Him as offering the true with polytheism. way of salvation, but they reject some of the dog- matic interpretations that do not seem to be . As to the second claim that Christians have the proved conclusively in the Gospels. Koranic interonly true doctrine of salvation, the. reply is that pretation has become such a fine art that those life in all its fulness of past, present and future skilled in tafseer can prove anything by an appeal cannot be reduced to any short dogmatic formula. to the Koran. When a thoughtful Moslem has Islam claims to have reduced this process to the given up these interpretations he is not anxious minimum in teaching that one may obtain salva- to accept a new set of interpretations that seem tion simply by repeating with serious intent the to him to be speCUlative. formula, "There is no God but Allah and Mohammed is his prophet." When Christians pre- The Synthesis. We can only point out a few sent to thoughtful Moslems a new set of dogmatic observations as to factors which must be taken formulas, they do not receive a very enthusiastic into account in a new synthesis. response. Dogmatics have ceased vitally to interest them. First Islam should not be classed with poly- theistic heathen religions but should be recognized To claim that Western civilization is superior as one of the great monotheistic faiths. The task to all others, thoughtful Moslems reply that there of the missionary is not to destroy such faith but is no objection to the claim that modern medicine is much superior to the quack practices of Moslemsheikhs, and that the agricultural and industrial methods of the West enable workers to live

"to fulfil" on any and all occasions. Moslems who club. A true synthesis takes into account all the come into contact with him on the basis of under- facts and issues or difference between the two standing, impartial research, and good-will should points of view, in order to see where these differ- not be pressed into a new spiritual bondage of ences may be brought into agreement without dogmatism, but should be brought into the fuller sacrificing the truth or essential issues; finally liberty of Christ. the purpose is to make a clear statement of the Second, Christian missionary methods should essential variations which cannot be brought into avoid controversy as far as possible; instead there agreements. The new synthesis will thus show should be direct, simple and positive presentation that Christianity and Islam have many very vital of the Scriptural message of Jesus Christ, relating differences, such as the austere desert deism as it to modern life. We should emphasize beliefs contrasted to Jesus' teaching of the Fatherhood and practices which Christians and Moslems hold of God. To recognize such a vital difference is not in common and be tolerant in matters where we sufficient to clear ,:pp the issue, since there are do not agree. Anyone familiar with Islam will some who will choose the austere deism, just as realize that there are many differences of opinion there are those who choose to live in the desert and that there is not much danger of compromise. rather than among the most beautiful gardens.

Third, Christians should cease to measure suc- Islam also differs from Christianity in that cess in terms of numbers brought into the church. Islam knows practically nothing of that spiritual It may be better to make it difficult for a Moslem freedom which we have in the Gospel of Jesus to make a formal break with his own community Christ. The spirit-controlled life is of more im- in order to join the Christian community. This portance than assent to dogmatic creeds or ritual- might be done not by placing obstacles in his way, istic deeds performed to obtain merit. Moslems but by placing the responsibility for such a break have much to learn in this respect from the life on those who wish to make the break with Islam. and teaching of Jesus Christ. Moslems should This policy may seem to some missionaries un- recognize that there is a very vital connection be- fair, since there are already so many difficulties tween the high ethical demands of the Gospel of for a convert, but this course would avoid many Christ and the cultural and educational develq,p- of the unfortunate situations which now arise. ments in the West. For instance modern science Such an announced policy would also go far to- demands an honesty similar to that required by wards eliminating the misunderstandings with Jesus. Satisfactory government administration thoughtful Moslems over the matter of proselytiz- and international relationships, which are so de- ing from their group. This might also lessen the pendent on right attitudes towards others, un- prejudice against Christian missions. selfishness, brotherhood, and truthfulness, cannot Fourth, we should allow the freedom provided be developed by ,the compromising ethics of Islam.

for in the New Testament to every Mosle.m who Christian nations have only partially realized this is willing to extend a fraternal spiritual fellow- fact since they still use the same compromising ship to Christians. At present Jesus and Mo- ethics as those taught by Mohammed.

hammed are in direct competition, and Islam has But the greatest difference between Christianity developed a system of dogmatics regarding Mo- and Islam is in the Way of salvation. Islam de- hammed which is similar to the historic dogmatic pends almost entirely on the formal acceptance of theology of the Church. A thoughtful Moslem dogmatic creeds, and the performance of meri- who has recently rejected these dogmatic claims torious deeds prescribed in a ritual. Islam knows for Mohammed is not usually prepared to accept little or nothing about those deeper spiritual reali- without question a new set of dogmatic theological ties of salvation secured through Jesus Christ statements. Yet many wish to accept Jesus as the which offers the abundant life here and hereafter.

New Testament reveals Him. An Indian Moslem A new synthesis will make this difference more is reported to have said: "India wants your clear to all.

Christ but not your Christianity." Many thought- A comprehensive synthesis, such as is here sug- ful Moslems are anxious to enter that spiritual gested, will require time. Conferences are needed fellowship in Jesus the Christ, but do not want between spiritually minded, thoughtful Christians the trappings of Western doctrines and practices. and Moslems who are willing to do good, honest Fifth: When we speak of a new synthesis of rethinking, instead of merely rationalizing and missions to Islam, we do not mean a compromise seeking new defenses for their much loved and in which we attempt t~ bring the truths of the honored dogmas which may no longer offer a vital thesis and the antithesis into acceptable agree- way of life. Such a synthesis has become a vital ment, as is the case often in the political sphere. necessity in order that we may find and keep a Neither can we "soft-pedal" differences and imi- vital reality, in regard to life and faith, in the tate the "hail-fellow-well-met" spirit of the Rotary face of modern materialism.

Post Office Christian

-01§{ I By REV. B. G. LOVELACE, General Secretary, London 1}!Ie– W HAT is the P.O.C.A.? It is a work built men and women gather to hear the heaven-sent up step by step thrDugh over fifty years, message from men of God. Here, toO', pDstmen a WDrk begun and continued in God, and have come for rest and refreshment, specially set having but Dne aim, to' extend His Kingdom and apart for their use. The ,testimony of one was: glDrify His Name. "If it were not for this place I should gO' to' the *** public-house or sit on the curb." Weekly meet- ings drew many, and as the men passed on to In the year 1875, Miss Annie Hodgkin, then a other districts and others took their place, numyoung girl, was staying at BDurnemDuth, and be- bers were blessed. Times have changed; the postcame interested in the work of Miss Whiteway, men nDW having better duties, the rest rooms are who sought to help policemen and postmen by no longer needed, but the meeting room remains, means of Christian literature sent through the and there the weekly Prayer Meeting still holds post. Four years later Miss Hodgkin, with her its own. Again and again have the prayers offamily, settled at Surbiton, and there this interest fered there been abundantly answered. was deepened. She tried to touch the postmen of Kingston in the same way, also arranging meet- A worker in the Central Telegraph Office, Lonings for them, and fDllowed up these efforts with don, was so moved by the daily life testimony of practical interest. This small beginning proved a colleague, herself a P.O.C.A. member, that he to be the start Df a life-work. was led to make the great surrender, and ere long the purpose was formed to devote his life to the Another seed was in preparation. In Central telling forth of the Glad Tidings. He came into London a group of Post Office men were keenly the work as Home Evangelist, and is, after but a feeling the need of the deepening of their own few years in the Baptist ministry, with us today spiritual life and fuller facilities for helping their as General Secretary, and, with all his knowledge colleagues in things spiritual. To this group came of official life behind, has from the first proved tidings of the work at Kingston. They got into indeed to be sent of God. As Home Evangelist, touch with Miss Edmonstone, who had taken up Mr. LDvelace was able to' make tours and open up the work, and together they planned in the Lord. many Provincial Offices. This was the definite start of the Association as such. Two simple aims were: Other activities multiplied. Miss Edmonstone was led to ask for the use of a rODm for work 1. To band together in prayer and fellowship amDng the boys of the Savings Bank Department. the Christians of the Service; The Ladies' Branches also came intO' being, for soon the Money Order, Returned Letter, Clearing 2. To seek to win their fellow-workers for House, and later on the Telephone Departments Christ.

The P.O.C.A. has never swerved from loyalty had each their Dwn branch.

to the whole truth of God as set forth in the Scrip- At one of the early meetings at Kingston-on- tures; the Word of the Cross has ever been its Thames a member prayed fDr God's biessing on final ultimatum. *** the work in its beginnings and that it might grow and spread all over the world. This prayer was The work marvellously grew. An Institute was never forgotten, and was destined to be wonder- opened in London and found its home in one build- fully answered.

ing after another, until it finally settled at the India-To the meetings for the ladies of the present Headquarters, 62, Bartholomew Close, Savings Bank came, among others, one whose which have been occupied for some twenty-five heart was already Christ's, and who soon became years. There in narrDW and sDmewhat dark a staunch member Df the branch and a help in rooms the light of God shone, and memories of seeking others. The desire for missionary service hallowed hours spent there are still precious. To- was born, and at a Keswick Convention, where day, "62~' has become a familiar password. Here she was Dne of a P.O.C.A. party, Miss Hale of- counsel has been sought and counsel given; here fered herself to God f.Dr work abroad. Ih the [137 ]

meantime, the prayer seed had been maturing the work. Time fails to tell of the sacrificial givin another direction. Some members in Dublin ing, of the P.O.C.A. Boat, and of the souls and Belfast had been travailing in prayer for reached. Now other workers have gone out; India, and through their gifts and initiative, first Bible classes are held, a Gospel paper is circulated a Gospel paper was started and then a native widely, correspondence is largely used, and the evangelist appointed to work in the Post Offices Scriptures are distributed. of Ceylon. It was not long before Madras was touched, then the Punjab, Calcutta and Bombay. South America – A young girl, entering the The work of the evangelist at Gujerat revealed office, was invited to a P.O.C.A. meeting. Brought the need of a lady worker for the families of offi- up in a Christian home, its godly influence was cials, and at a Keswick Convention the call came with her, although as yet religion had not seemed to a P.O.C.A. worker who was at the time Hon- very attractive. But she accepted the invitation, orary Secretary for Belfast. She went out to and at one of the first meetings the message of the India the same year. We have now besides, a na- friendship of J~sus Christ so came home to her tive worker, Mr. Mathews in the South, and a that she received Him as Saviour and before long Gospel paper, "Bright Echoes," is circulated the desire for service in the regions beyond was through the country. implanted. South America became the object of. her prayers and Miss Goldsmith had the definite Japan-Some years before Miss Hale's call to call to South America. She went out, and has India, Japan was touched with Gospel literature labored there now over twenty years, editing the through the voluntary work of missionaries of paper "EI Correo," a magazine for Spanish-speakother Societies. At present advance is greatly ing countries, aided and encouraged by her husneeded, and will be made as funds and helpers are band, Mr. Curtis. Through the influence of their given. The Savings Bank had given of their best work, branches have been started in Brazil and for India, the P.ostal and Telegraph Staffs were Mexico, helped by voluntary workers in those to point the way to China, and eventually to send parts, and Peru and Venezuela are also being also from their ranks to that country. touched in a similar way.

China-At a time when there was no effort for A Postmaster in North Argentina noticed a China, suddenly one day a Scotch postman sent little packet of "Correo," the P .O.C.A. Gospel "Ten shillings for China." "After many days" paper, in his office. Attracted by the name, which this little seed bore fruit. The need was contin- means "The Gospel Mail," he opened the paper, ually remembered before God at the Central and for the first time in his life he read of the Prayer Meeting and by many interested else- Good Tidings of life. It awoke in him a deep where, and prayer was answered in a remarkable thirst for further light, a Bible was obtained, Gosway. pel meetings attended, and finally the man became a sincere follower of the Lord Jesus Christ. Hard At the time of the Boxer troubles the Empress by his office he built a little preaching hall as a of China had a telegram sent all over her empire, token of his gratitude to God for the blessing rethe wording of which was as follows: "The for- ceived, and there he conducts a Sunday School and eigners must be killed, the foreigners retiring other meetings. must still be killed." This telegram fell into the hands of two telegraphists, not Christians, whose South Africa-The Provincial Branches were hearts were so touched with the desperate plight slowly increasing, and a good deal of spade and of the foreigners that they put the word "Pro- trowel work had been going on. One member tected" for the word "Killed." Swiftly the mes- spent his holidays touring "on the wheel" on besage ran over the wires from town to town: "The half of the work; another visited Germany, which foreigners must be protected, the foreigners re- was opening up. This work was shared by the tiring must still be protected." Before the mis- Scattered Branch, which came to include members take was noticed hundred~ of lives were saved. not only in the then United Kingdom, but also in The story quickly spread to England, and it came many Colonies and Dependencies. The South Afas a challenge to the P.O.C.A. to send the Gospel rican Branch grew out of the Scattered Branch. A to their Chinese colleagues. Prayer became more member up-country wrote telling of the deep need definite, and when the Chinese Imperial Post Office of himself and those working with him for spirwas established it was felt that the time was ripe itual help. "I have longed," he wrote, "to live as for a start. It was arranged to send out Bibles a Christian should, but the life here is deadly and Testaments to all the Post Offices in China, monotonous; the loneliness of the veldt has got then numbering only 1,000, with greetings from into my soul." A seed of longing desire from a their comrades in this country. The response was troubled heart became the means for a definite so wonderful that Mr. James Heal, then of the work in South Africa, and another life was sur- China Inland Mission, was led to give himself to rendered that the purposes of God might not fail.

THE POST OFFICE CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION

Mrs. Goslin, of the South African General Mis- have heard the call of God and put themselves at sion, gave herself for this work. With Cape Town His disposal, to witness and serve while still as a centre, touch was soon made with offices and carrying on the daily round. The Association calls individuals up and down the country, and today loudly today for more such surrendered lives. many are blessing God for the P.O.C.A. in their What could not be done if God had such a witness midst. The present Hon. Secretary, Miss Findlay, and one or two of the first members are still in every Post Office in the land? * among the chief helpers. A Post Office influenced for Christ is not only a Egypt-The work in Egypt, where an Arabic receiving station but a distributing centre. So paper circulates, began with a few scattered mem- often the life of a little community in various bers, and now reaches Post Offices in a fairly wide countries centers around the Post Office. The area and numbers many members. On one occa- work of the P.O.C.A., which commenced over fifty sion the village postman took Mr. Upson to see years ago, has now become world-wide in its the Postmaster. For a long time after supper scope. Every fresh advance has been born in they discussed the Gospel, and finally the Post- prayer and its foundations laid in the distribution master brought his family for evening worship. of the Word of God. Thus country after country has opened to the work through its missionaries Europe-In Europe we have the same story to and workers, and Gospel magazines are regularly tell; the seed of prayer sown and the purpose of distributed to postal officials in over thirty-three God worked out through those whose hearts were countries. At the present time the response from touched to respond to the call. The work in Italy inquiring souls is growing greatly and the hand arose through the prayers of a Scotch postman, of God is upon work and workers in manifest and and the first year's issue of the quarterly Gospel growing blessing. It would be of strategic impaper was made possible by the gift of a whole portance for the Kingdom of God if He graciously year's rise of salary by a lady in the service. This raised up a fellowship of service among the Post work showed the best method of touching other Offices of the United States on behalf of the great European countries, i.e., through Gospel papers work yet to be done among Post Office employees specially prepared and distributed widely through throughout the world in leading them to a living the post. France, Belgium, Portugal, Spain, Ice- faith in Christ. In some instances this work is land, are all reached in this way. One other line being done on virgin soil as in Portuguese Guinea, of work used is the distribution of the Scriptures; Goa, and Timor, where there is neither missionthese have been widely circulated in Russia, and ary nor Christian missionary work of any kind. are still being given in Esthonia. In the Euro- Yet the post is wide open, and this constitutes not pean work every fresh country entered has been only ari opportunity but a challenge. Each of our the result of some individual appeal for prayer Gospel magazines contains an offer of a free copy for an open door in the land. of the Scriptures, and in this way contact has been made with thousands of men and women in the There remains much land to be possessed. The Post Offices which has led many of them to faith perusal of even one copy of the "Quarterly Mail," in Christ. the official organ of the Association, will show the world-wide nature of its activities. Very early in MISSIONS AS A OAREER its history John Wes'ley's motto, "The world is my parish," was adopted, and today the P.O.C.A. Charles M. Sheldon, the author of "In His Steps," tells is working in every continent. For many years the Society was known as the International Postal, of a university class reunion, where one alumnus asked: Telegraph and Telephone Christian Association, the present title having been more recently "How do you account for Manley's going as a missionadopted as more concise. ary? He was the most intellectual and brilliant man in *** our class. Now it has been years since I have heard of It will be evident that such a work as here described could not have been maintained by the him. Poor fellow! A great career lost!" Service alone, unless by support from a very large percentage of its members. The Christian public The speaker was the head of a corporation and had has greatly helped, and their gifts and interest have been a distinct boon. And this is not out of spent all his life since graduation in piling up money. His the way, for does not the Post Office serve all? 'And any Gospel work on a sound basis will appeal companion, a distinguished journalist, replied: "I have a to the people of God. letter here from Manley enclosing a little circular. His There have been and still are Christians who work includes a great hospital for surgical cases; a preaching circle of fourteen stations and outstations; a publishing house that ranks among the first in the East, and a boys' training school with an attendance of 500 students. He has twenty-seven assistant workers in vari- ous departments." The big businessman replied: "I apologize to Manley; I did not know what a great career a modern missionary has. By the side of it my own is small." -Watchman-Examiner.

• Gifts for the work should be sent to the General Secretary, the Rev. B. G. Lovelace, Post Olllce Christian Association, 62, Bartho- lomew Close, London, E. C. 1.

Mission Appeals

By the REV. H. KERR TAYLOR, D.D., Nashville, Tennessee Foreign Missionary Educational Secretary, Presbyterian Church in the United States W HETHER we now call it "Foreign Mis- ", sions," or "International Christianity," or quaintance with religious and mission matters is "World Christian Community," or just the quite aware of this. Kingdom of God, our problem remains to raise the eyes and the interest of Christians at home to the If, however, we are convinced of the integrity outlying, less-favored areas of the world that of the missionary enterprise, what remains in the know not the Good News of the incarnation of light of changed conditions, of our missionary the Son of God. Certainly for a few more decades appeal to the people in the home churches? What at least this is a task ,that must derive its support are the vital facts that make legitimate an emfrom Christian churches and societies in Western phasis in the present-day call for money and men churches for people in area6 overseas. and deep concern for the areas of earth overseas? We believe that the integrity of the appeals of the A generation or even a decade or more ago the former days carryover with much of their appeal for interest and support was concrete. strength into the world situation today, and that Those overseas lands were called "heathen" lands, the newer conditions, born of the very success and still unopened and untouched with the Gospel. values of the cause of Christ in the world, only The religions and cultures there were admittedly emphasize and underscore the reality of the abidnon-Christian. The soul-stirring appeals of those ing missionary need and the claim of these needy days were effective: the untouched fields; the areas on more privileged communities. millions in total darkness who were going into eternity at the rate of so many every minute; Missionary appeal has always been most effecheathen concepts; ,the prevalence of cannibalism, tively made along the lines of a real need, of a polygamy, slavery, infanticide; the degradation great opportunity, and of the results that such of woman and the universal practice of idolatry. work may legitimately be expected to produce.

Today the emphasis has changed; so has the It is necessary to put in the very forefront the basis of appeal for interest and support. The stupendous need presented by an unfinished task. task to some extent has lost its pioneer appeal. As one recalls the mighty appeals of a generation The coastal areas and river and railroad towns in ago for untouched areas of the world and its peothe mission fields have been reached to some ex- pIes, one thinks of the exceedingly small number tent with the Gospel story. Great independent of cities and towns and villages that have been churches now stand in the cities of Tokyo, Shang- effectively reached today by the messengers of the hai, Canton, Calcutta, Bombay, Cairo, Johannes- Gospel of Christ. There are hundreds of millions burg, Rio de Janeiro and Mexico City. Multitudes of human beings who still are in exactly the same of voices in lesser known cities and towns in these condition as were those of whom we were told in "non-Christian" fields praise the one God and former days. Something must be done to reach Father of us all even though they have not all ac- these people. They continue to live and stumble, cepted Christ as the only Saviour. to question and die, without a knowledge of the truth of God. Think of the tens of thousands of The world, too, is shrinking in its size. Life in villages in China, Japan, India, Africa and other any land is not nearly so provincial and primitive lands into which has never yet gone a messenger as once it was. Steamships, Clipper planes, ra- with the Gospel. Here is a condition that we negdios, telegraph, telephone, commerce and interna- leet at peril to ourselves. The newer and more tibnal dependence and conflicts have brought that advanced problems and policies at home and about. In the whole world Christian community abroad cannot ignore it. This was a major apthere has come a corresponding shift from a peal for an awakening Church a few decades ago. purely personal and devotional emphasis to a ,But consistency in our attitude requires that fuller recognition of the social implications of something must yet be done to overtake these Christianity. Anyone with even a passing ac- same great needs that exist today.

Loyalty, to the service of Christ, and the sacri- [140 ] fice of those who have served in these hard places for the expenditure of life and money. Men are urges completion of the task so nobly begun. It encouraged by dividends – material or spiritual. is obviously wise to build now on foundations Young workers looking to foreign service wish to so well and so sacrificially laid, that the task may be assured that, as a return for the giving of their go on without interruption. The missionary task lives to such service, there is offered a reasonable has rarely in any field reached a final stage. The promise of definite and worth-while achievement. typical Protestant congregation in the Far East, it has been said, is a group of about fifty Chris- There is much to say on this point. The church tians surrounded by 25,000 non-Christians. The should be informed of indigenous church growth, same thing is true in other fields. Here is the of well-planned occupation of the field, of virile possibility of a strategic advance. In terms of native church leadership and effective movements military strategy the Church should bring up its of advance. reserves. There is nothing more appealing and convinc- Present-Day Opportunities ing than reports and illustrations of strong per- sonalities, indicative of the reality and vitality of One recalls the appeals once made for men and the church in fDreign lands. How great is the enmeans and united prayer that doors then closed couragement that has come through Toyohiko might be opened. There are few such closed doors Kagawa and Bishop Azariah, T. Z. Koo and multoday. It is exceptional today when a missionary titudes of others in every mission field. cannot stand and preach or teach or heal in the Name of Christ in any place on the earth's sur- The Church at home needs to realize the great face. The fact that God answered these prayers service and influence that the missionary enterand Dpened the doors should nerve us to a renewed prise is exerting on the field. Such a book as "Beeffort to occupy the openings now before' us. We yond Statistics," by S. J. Corey, presents a most prayed for the opening of doors into great geo- convincing argument. In social uplift, in health graphical areas. That prayer was answered. measures, in education, in the creation of good Life areas, too, of every kind stand open today. will, in the ameliorating of such great evils as The field of service for properly qualified foreign unbridled prostitution, intemperance, use of narworkers remains wide and the opportunity is cotics, unchecked causes of famine and plague, ours. The messenger must be well prepared, in- mi'ssiDnaries have rendered outstanding service. telligent and of sympathetic heart, but the field As Dr. Corey says, "NDbody but an intellectual fDr such a worker is almost unlimited. provincial, a moral agnostic, ,or a dDgmatic quack can be cynical about these great results of mis- The missionary message is fresh and vital; it sions." has a universal background; it personalizes, as it were, an ecumenical conception of what the The Protestant Christian enterprise has abun- Church of Christ is. There is experience to meet dantly proved its essential relation to the world's a difficult task. There is needed on mission fields life. It has fought its way to its present position those who can bear witness to the universal char- of commanding influence in a world in spite of acter and claims of the Christian faith. It is too pronounced and strong opposition where there easy for the growing Church to conceive of itself should have been alliance. The missionary cause, as a separate entity with little or no relation to a as it has been carried on, has little Df which to Christian world fellowship. Provinciality is al- be ashamed; it has much fDr which it may be ways a curse of Church life. For health and in- thankful and to which it can point with pride. spiration the newer churches need association with older and more experienced churches. There is less provincialism in our day than there was when the missionary enterprise was born. Never was the experience of the Church needed For that let us thank God. World events and namore than on mission fields tDday. There is no tional interdependence have forced us to think in necessity for the younger churches to make all the more inclusive modes. Foreign service is not mistakes that have for decades weakened or made merely so "foreign" as it once was. It has come futile much of the effDrt of churches in other closer home. lands. The mDdern missionary, with trained mind and heart, and with vital contact with President Roosevelt, standing in Chicago in Oc- Christ, can mediate the best in Christian expei'i- tober, 1937, made a clarion call to men of all races ence; from his peculiar position he can guide to. return to and live by the principles of the past pitfalls in church policy and life. Prince of Peace. Here was truly a nDtable em- phasis on the work of the missionary. FDr how Convincing Results shall nations believe and live by the principles and life of One of whom they have not heard? The supporters Df missi,onary work wish to And how shall they hear without a preacher? feel that there are encouraging results to show And how shall they preach except they be sent?

Christians everywhere need to waken to the reality, the ,opportunity and the success of a di-

vinely appointed task well begun. Foreign mis- new faith and courage. Every church and every sions have weathered a perfect siege of side-line church member true to Christ must face the criticism. Weare more than standing unshaken claims of this world enterprise which has successin a world whose current philosophy has led it into fully stood the test of time. a cheapened over-concern with the mere tinsels of life. We need to have faith and courage and Move to the fore! God himself waits morale strengthened in the thought that God is And must wait till thou come. with us and that the task well begun has been Men are God's prophets, carried forward to its pre'sent magnificent stage. Though ages lie dumb. While we cannot point to a service that has not Halts the Christ Kingdom had its mistakes and while we yet have many With conquest so near? things to learn, we have much for which to praise Thou art the cause, then, God. We need to go on with the enterprise with Thou man at Jj.he rear- M.ove to the fore!

When a man receive's the Lord Jesus Christ he also receives the power of God to pass through all his being, and to be exhibited in the world for the glory of God and for :the salva- tion of others. The principle and practice of self-sacrifice should control him at every point so that, exactly following in the steps of his Redeemer, as a faithful imitation of Christ, the man should be known as one who, by his life, recommends Jesus Christ to others.

PREB. H. W. WEBB-PEPLOE.

SOME WORLD SUNDAY SCHOOL ACHIEVEMENTS IN 1937 1. In the Apostolic Church of Armenia, Sunday school work, well established in Syria and Palestine, has been extended for the first time to Egypt, Cyprus and Iran (Persia), under the leadership of Levon Zenian.

2. Secretary Newell S. Booth, of the Belgian Congo, has published an indigenous manual, "Serving God in the Sunday School," which will have wide use among Sunday school workers throughout Africa.

3. Sunday school work in Brazil has been greatly advanced through the call of an associate, Sr. Jose Del Nero, to serve with Rodolfo Anders, general secretary.

4. The indigenous program in China for training leaders for voluntary service in the church, in spite of the outbreak of hostilities, has made remarkable advance.

5. The ancient Coptic church in Egypt is vigorously promoting the formation of Sunday schools and is working in close cooperation with the other churches in Egypt.

6. The ZOE movement w,ithin the Orthodox Church in Greece has been accorded official approval by the (Greek Church) Holy Synod to include Sunday school classes for girls taught by women teachers.

7. In spite of decrease in Japan, bo,th in the number of Sunday schools and in enrollment of pupils due to the growing spirit of militarism, the National Sunday School Association i,s steadily pushing forward its work.

8. In Korea; many outstanding Sunday school leaders have been imprisoned becaus,e of their unwillingness to worship at Shinto shrines and so place government 10Yialities before their loyalty to Christ.

9. The conviction among evangelical leaders in Mexico has deepened that the Sunday school d'S the best- agency to meet the needs for religious education since such education is now restricted by law ,to homes and registered church buildings.

10. The holding of a seoond annual general Sunday School Convention for the Bantu (natives) in. the Union of South Africa has resulted in a decided advance in Sunday school work ;among Bantu children.

11. Puerto Rico has the largest Sunday school enrollment in any Spanish-speaking area in the world.

12. In Turkey, the churches are maintaining Sunday schools as "Children Worship Services," in order to comply with the law which prohibits the conduct of schools without govern- mental supervision.

Ways of

crested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home i EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO '~I"==~=========================================== Ministers and Missions-in Re- sermon, and having a church Number 3: In addition to hav- geared for departmental mis- ing a membership well organized lation to the Local Church sionary study, I depend mainly and manned for missions, gives upon the dynamic of frequent up his evening service for six The key man to the missionary en- contact with live missionaries weeks, beginning on the first terprise in America today, the one (live in all senses of the word) Sunday in November, to a school who will determine more than anyone who not only speak from my of missions in which every deelse the attitude of the church to the pulpit but meet integral church partment (except the Primary, movement, is not the board secretary, groups-such as the young peo- which has its instruction at the or the foreign missionary, but the pas- ple's society-and also as many regular Sunday school hour) has tor of the local church. He it is who of the membership in their its own group session under the stands before the congregation every homes as practical. Weare a most competent instructors- Sunday morning as the expounder of missionary church. (This an- largely college professors-meetthose things which are held to be of swer is satisfactory, but we ing at the opening for a fifteentranscendent value in human life. . . . should also like to have heard minute assembly period in which Christian missions is not thought of of a correlated, integrated plan stereopticon slides, moving picas a one-sided operation in which we through which the missionary tures, brief dramatic sketches or are the active ones while they (the machinery in the church reaches talks by authoritative speakers non-Christian world) remain recep- its maximum efficiency and de- are presented. This has proved tive, but rather a reciprocal interplay velopes its full potentialities. such a success that after the first of influences between two foci. . . . But far be it from us to criticize year or so the other denomina- The minister must be reasonably cer- any plan that works.) tions of the community united in tain with reference to the attitude the effort, and thus an advance which he should seek to develop in Number 2: Had an outstand- has been made not only in mishis people. From now on, attitudes ing innovation in the way of a sion study but that of the denomare the main thing which America Men's Missionary League in inational comity-which must lie can contribute. What is required is which the masculine members at the foundation of the eventual that the attitude within should be kept pace with the feminine in church unity of which many of made to correspond with the facts in definite mission study and con- us dream. the changing world without. . . . Re- served the special efficiency of ligious history is being written rapidly business and professional men Number 4- has had six or eight in these days. The details are con- in the undertaking of actual successive Family Church Nights fusing and must be left to those con- field projects, in community, beginning in the autumn, in cerned. The really prophetic ministry country-wide and foreign work. which the mid-week service is will discover the major trends and given over to an all-church suppresent these to his congregation in (What a splendid group to turn per-substantial but simple and such a manner that their attitudes loose in the special Civic and Peace inexpensive enough to be within may keep abreast of the times and projects stressed in this year's plans the reach of most of the memtheir support may be continued to an in all the denominations! See THE bers. The ensuing meeting inenterprise which is doomed to change REVIEW, page 155 of the March, 1937, cludes a devotional period and so long as it is alive. issue for picture and an article on this missionary presentations in the endeavor.) way of the mission study books, This declaration of an out- addresses, dramatic sketches, standing Christian thinker is so This league holds meetings in pictures, lively programs sponcentral in the present mission- other churches, puts out a pam- sored by the various missionary ary situation that the Depart- phlet with full directions for or- organizations, and even lively ment Editor asked a number of ganization and work. social features, of a homogeneous pastors what their policies and nature. This works well in his practices were in the matter, (Published by Board of Adminis- membership and is looked forwith the following results. Be- tration United Presbyterian Church, ward to eagerly each year. hind each numeral there stands Publication Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa.) the name of a bona fide clergy- Number 5, whose plan apman: Its leader, Rev. G. A. Brown, peared in the January, 1938, is- 238 Princeton Ave., Elyria, Number 1: Taking missions Ohio, will give help to any into be an essential part of the quirer who will enclose postage warp and woof of a Christian for reply. life, I do not preach occasional missionary sermons but, using [143 ] missionary facts and illustrations in the normal course of any

sue of THE REVIEW, uses the the church at home is visibly suf- Japan – p I a y let, "Let's be midweek service over a definite fering from "marasmus"? Send Friends." China – description period most profitably by hav- us your own or your pastor's of China. Have some one impering a School of Broadening Hori- plan to pass along to those poor sonate missionaries. They might zons-for the children's groups preachers of an anemic Gospel. wish to introduce a couple of during the church worship hour, Chinese children. Play some and for the young peoples' and Another key man in mission- deck games. Africa – be sure adult groups during the B.Y.P.U. ary teaching is the Sunday and point out the Southern Cross hour. The mi.ssionary prayer school superintendent. The De- and other constellations (use partment Editor is especially suggestions from Chapter 1, meeting at the midweek service anxious to get helps from and Congo Crosses, to give atmosis held once a month for eight for him. Write to the address phere); visit mission stations months. Four meetings are to at the head of this Department there; meet missionaries and be on the Moslem world and four if you have any suggestions. learn about work. on the rural theme. Three progressive rural pastors, alive to More Briefs from Our Homeward B 0 un d: Group present-day problems, are to singing; reading-"Two Roostcome in and speak on outstand- Exchanges ers" or "The Pig and the Hen" ing points in their work. A or "The North Wind and the The following Around the Sun"; special music; New York stereopticon lecture on colpor- World Cruise is an adaptable Harbor – song, "America the tage work will climax the pro- plan taken from The EvangelVcal Beautiful"; Negro spirituals. grams on rural life, while a mov- Missionary World: Kentucky-just in time for the ing picture on the Mohammedan missionary meeting; devotiontopic will complete the series. Take in all points of interest, als; brief business meeting. but especially concentrate on Much earnest work and thought our mission stations. Leave Home A g a in: Farewellswere put upon this plan in order from San Francisco and stop at hymn of parting. to coordinate comprehensively Japan, China, Africa, dock on the eastern coast and visit Ken- A Missionary Picnic was anall the features of the work. tucky. other usable plan. Last June the Baltimore district of the Evan- Number 6 takes a study book Supplies necessary for the gelicals met for a picnic, groups for six successive mid wee k journey: Boat-can be made by gathering from all directions meetings and has the subject arranging chairs in the shape of from early morn to the sunset a ship with crepe paper around hour which climaxed the day. matter briefly and attractively the outside. Then in the center, Everyone was ready to contribsummarized by some speaker by using a long table, crepe ute something to the success of paper and cardboard, you can the day – races, contests and who can be held within his time fashion the smoke stacks; Gas- games for the children. A mis- -a different speaker for each energy; Oil-enthusiasm; Goal sion band gave a demonstration chapter. Accompanying stere- Chart-maps; Tickets-dues or and an original song. A debate opticon or moving pictures ought fare; Passport-your baby pic- on "Why I Believe in Missions" ture; Schedule-program; Ko- was very interesting. Towards to be used wherever possible. dak-an inquiring mind and its evening girls came from their On an average, the services thus pictures. places of business and mothers gave them supper from the picutilized are the best attended in Organization: Pilot – presi- nic baskets. Then all sat on the the entire year, especially on dent; Chief mechanic-program hillside facing the setting sun picture nights; and incidentally, chairman; Hostess – meeting and the girls held an impressive hostess; Purser – treasurer; sunset service. Scripture readthe problem of What to Do With Recorder – secretary; Guide- ing and prayer were followed by the Prayer Meeting Hour is person in charge of tour or the two beautiful mi.ssionary stories. solved for the time being. advisor; Red Caps-entertain- "Abide with Me," sung by the ment committee; Fruit seller- company, closed the service. The Number 7 – and the name dispenses f r u its, sandwiches, Spirit had drawn us into one back of that numeral is Legion candy, etc.; Newsboy – litera- large, happy family. -number 7 has no plan or con- ture committee – dispenses all sistent practice or definite policy church periodicals. A Convention with the BirdiS whatsoever, stating all un- furnishes a picturesque meeting Invitations in the form of cir- attraction even to those not yet ashamed that the handling of culars announcing the date of interested in missions: missions had been left mostly to tour and rates: C r u i s e- "the sisters," as they had the "Around the World Cruise" ; Invitation Ship-Goodwill; Shipping Comtime and seemed to be better in- pany-Evangelical lines. Come, let us go to birdland formed and more interested than And see what they can tell the rest. "0, a few missionary Suggested Schedule: Song- instrumental or vocal (Star About the work of Missions illustrations are occasionally in- Spangled Banner) as the ship Which we should know so well. troduced into a sermon but the leaves port; Explanation of tour congregation didn't seem to care —'Guide; Group Singing; Brief The meeting will be held (date and Description of Japan; Touring place). for that sort of preaching." And yet these otherwise worthy men are under commission to preach the whole Gospel in which the winning of the world for Jesus Christ is fundamental! Is it any wonder that missions lag and

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

Decorations home life necessary to the wel- a coordinated plan of missionary fare of young girls in a city. promotion. The following ele- If possible, make this an outdoor meeting. If it must be held indoors Another problem is that of ments are suggested for incluat night, try and make the room as finding wholesome recreation in sion: suggestive of the out-of-doors as pos- most cities. . . . Con g est e d sible. Bird nests, bird baths, stuffed streets and cheap motion picture 1. The preparation and distribution birds and even a few canaries will houses form their places of help to make you feel closer to God's amusement. Out of these come of missionary materials and nature. hundreds of girls and young supplies. women with vicious tastes and Devotions low ideals to make up a group 2. The promotion of missions through of undesirable citizens. Our in- institutes, conventions, assem- Call to Worship–Read Mat. 6: 26. terest in Christian Citizenship blies and like gatherings. Solo by Canary (one dressed in yel- should lead us to do the follow- ing simple ,things in our several 3. The propagation of the mission- low)-"This is my Father's communities: World." ary cause through church pe- Scripture Promises (read by different 1. A group of white women in each riodicals and church school members)-Isa. 40: 31; Ps. 103: city should get first-hand information literature. . 5; 91: 1-5; Mat. 10: 29-31; Deut. on how the Colored women in the 4. The promotion of special mission- 32: 11, 12. lowest economic class live in their par- ary days and periods. ticular city. The group should work Program – Take a bird's-eye with a housing committee, or if none 5. The deputation and itineration of view of certain mission stations. exists it should form one for the pur- missionaries on furlough. Have members give word pic- pose of bringing to the attention of tures of activities upon the sev- the privileged people their responsi- 6. The cultivation of the Christian eral fields as seen while soaring ~ilit~ for seein~ to it that Negroes WorId View among student life. high above them. These word hve m surroundmgs that will produce pictures will be based upon facts, good citizens. 7. The regular and -systematic culbut the presentation will need to ture of pastors in the missionbe largely imaginative in order 2. A committee on employment and ary idea. to secure the best effect. employment standards should be found to work with the Negro women who 8. The building of a program of mtis- The Evangelical Missionary must labor long hours for little pay, World is replete with practical and who as a result cannot care prop- sionary education and promosuggestions. erly for their homes and children. In tion in the local church. the long run it might be possible to 9. The enlistment of the annual cO?!.- Problems that Confront build up public .sentiment for paying ference missionary societies for heads of families wages sufficient to active participation in this pro- Women and Girls reduce the number of such Negro gram.' women. 10. The complete correlation of this An address by Lucy Dean Slow, Dean of Women in Howard 3. A committee should be formed to program with that of all other University, may well be pon- find out what opportunities exist for agencies affected thereby. dered by us all. It appeared in caring for girls during their leisure The Evangelical Missionary time. . . . The Church could be of "Peace ,on earth, goodwill to World: service, for their own lecture rooms men." Shall we help our boys and parish halls could be used as cen- and girls to cultivate an attitude In discussing some of the ters of constructive recreation. of International Peace? . . . problems of Colored women and girls precipitated by their con- 4. Finally it seems to me that all How about Christmas gifts that tact with city life and their at- of us need to be aware of what is go- will suggest thoughts of Peace? tempts at adjustment to it … ing on in our cities to this group of … From the Women's Interwe find that all of them have people. . . . With the economic prob- national League for Peace and their roots primarily in the eco- lem solved, it will be easier to solve Freedom, Pennsylvania branch nomic condition of the people. the social and moral problems, . . . Many very serious prob- at 1924 Chestnut St., Philadellems face these newcomers (in A Comprehensive Outreach phia, you may obtain a list of the exodus from farm to city), the most serious of which is Dr. Carl Heinmiller, Field Sec- toys which can be purchased in maintaining a home. All too retary of the Missionary Society four of the leading stores of frequently the bulk of the Negro in the Evangelical church, in his Philadelphia. Names of the population is forced to occupy annual report, says ,this about a manufacturers will be sent upon alley dwellings and old houses comprehensive outreach: request to those wishing to .order deserted by better paid whites. through local stares. The list Often these are lacking in sani- I would like to share with this consists of board games, card tation and are located irr sur- body a growing conviction of the games, handwork sets, maps, roundings not con d u c i veto imperative need for a more com- puzzles, pictures, indoor games, wholesome living. . . . When prehensive program of missionyou consider that approximately ary education by this Board, in dolls and figures, and the prices 51 per cent of the Negro married order that we may effectively are stated. Send for the leaflet, women are employed as against confront our constituency with The New Patriotism Is Peace; 22 per cent of the white married the "planetary dimensions" of Building the International Mind women, you can realize how diffi- the Gospel. I am wondering if through Toys. . . . Are you cult it is to maintain the proper the time has not come thoroughly thinking of books for your young to study our present procedure for the purpose of formulating friends? From our literature headquarters you may secure Broken Guns, Ship East – Ship West, Victories of Peace, each 50 cents in paper, one dollar in cloth.

This suggestion from The Evangelical World is of great importance. The books mentioned may be secured from any mis- sionary literature headquarters; and the gifts will be just as appropriate on birthdays and other gift-giving occasions as on Chrlst- mas.-EDITOR. .

BULLETIN

Council of Women for Home Missions EDITED BY MISS EDITH E. LOWRY, 297 FOURTH AVENUE,NEW YORK, N. Y.

J =============================I~ Study Quietness "I Stand Amid Eternal Ways" "Time out now to bury the dead"; "Who's this fellow? Here's his head;" Paul, the pastor and mission- -Burroughs. A man lets out a piteous cryary, true to his understanding of "I'm going to the Lord on high!" the unique Way of Christ, wrote ==;=~–~ to the Thessalonian Christians, Another dying man looks roundconcerning love ,of the brethren; Photograph by Dorothy L. Webster "I guess – I'm going neath the . . . ye yourselves are taught of "SPIRIT OF PEACE" God to love one another; for in- ground": deed ye do it toward all the Peter Colonn&, aged 15, hears So it is both day and night, brethren that are in all Mace- The Call to Battle Everywhere its "Fight, fight, fight!" donia. But we exhort you, None will miss you in your grave; brethren, that ye abound more Hark! The bugle's triumphant sound They've gQt their own lives to save. and more; and that ye study to Throughout the dismal woods around; be quiet, and to do your own Dig your trenches firm and steep, I think now you'll understand business and to work with your Get a place where you can sleep. War's not music and a band; hands . . . that ye may walk Hark! The sound of marching feet- Nor a uniform neat and trim, becomingly toward them that The enemy we're going to greet, But tragedy both stark and grim. are without, and may have need "Come on, boys, we'll make a charge"; of nothing. "Gee, that cannon sure is large." Is this "Call to Battle," heard I hear a whining close at hand; by a schoolboy, in any way the Does quietness really accom- "Duck! A shell's about to land"; responsibility 0 f Christians? plish all this? All night long the shelling. goes, What shall we do about it? While in the trees a soft wmd blows; When? Peaceful Change "What's the use? I'm going to die." "Keep on; make another try." Shall We Cure War? "Do you remember, Little Boom! Boom! Boom! The cannons Chipmunk,what the Spider Armistice 1918! First Con- Woman told the Children of the roar, ference on the Cause and Cure Sun when they started out to Why this killing and this gore? of War, 1925. January 1938, subdue the enemies?" "That thing once was Johnny Jones, the Thirteenth Conference on Now's a mass of blood and bones; the Cause and Cure of War had The old man with his face still Billy was my friend and true, for the theme, "A Present-Day serene after years of hardship Now he's dead and buried, too." Program for Peace." smiled at his Little Chipmunk. [146 ] From the Call to the thir- "Repeat the words I have teenth Conference, we find the taught you. Repeat them every positive emphases that "Our morning when you greet the sun. business at the Conference will Repeat them now." be to reinforce our knowledge, to refresh our courage, redouble Na Nai said in a low voice- our efforts, and reaffirm our be- liefs, having in mind that saying Put your feet down in peace. of President Masaryk's-"Noth- ing kills an idea that is really be- Put your hands down in peace. lieved in."

Put your head down in peace. The implication in the Call is, if enough Americans believe in Then your feet are peaceful.· the idea of preventing the use of Then your hands are peaceful. war as a national policy in set- tling disputes with any govern- YQur body is peaceful. . ment on the face of the earth, then "the present-day program Your mind is peaceful. for peace" will be given a chance to develop in our home communi- Your voice is peaceful. ties. By such efforts, our coun- For, my children, remember this, The trail is beautiful-Be still.

-From . Laura Adam.s Armer: Dark Circle of Branches. By permission of Longmans, Green & Co., New York.

BULLETIN: COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

try may finally become peace- Henry Adams' idea that if he others who attended the Thirminded and peace-acting in all and two friends returned "say, teenth Conference on the Cause relations of life. This will not in 1938-their centenary-they and Cure of War agree with mean absence of struggle or lack might see the mistakes of their Mrs. Harper Sibley who closed own lives made clear in the light the program with the consideraof force, but the field of action of the mistakes of their succes- tion of "War and Religion," will be in the scientific and sors; perhaps then for the first namely, that there is a dynamic moral realms, and also in the re- time since man began his edu- strength in the Christian faith ligious field. cation . . . they would find a in the Fatherhood of God which can and may soon triumph over Felix Morley said early in the world, that sensitive and timid all opposition to the present-day Conference, "If we want to build natures could regard without a program for peace. machinery for peace out of our shudder." True, they find it not! vast store of knowledge, it must It is quite clear that education Carrie Chapman Catt, invinbe built by a group of like- for peace must include practise cible soul and inspiration of all of new ways by the present gen- peacemakers, spoke unforgetminded people." He presented "four points of achievement" of erations. table words: "there is a new the "late" Brussels Conference. way. Anyone who feels inclined In this 1938 Conference such might add this new one to the He gave other indications from subjects as World Economic Co- old. . . . Just how ashamed are present events of the beginnings operation, Raw Materials and you of War history, and of the of a new world order. Colonies, Trade Barriers and Currencies, American Capital, years the human race has The responsibility of powerful Labor, and the Farmer, became wasted its brain power in innations for world peace was the personal affairs of those at- venting new armaments to kill, urged by most of the speakers. tending. Doubtless these mat- instead of trying to find a way The discipline needed to walk ters will become more and more the common possession of our to stop war. If you are not the road of world peace must be citizens in their present pursuit ashamed now, ask God to make accepted by an increasing num- you ashamed. It would be the ber of persons and groups. The of livelihood and happiness. If greatest blessing that could discipline for peace will be it is not happening where you come to you. When you have costly, perhaps greater than the live and work, send straightway to the National Committee on become ashamed, work to make cost of the World War. It seems your family, your friends and to be a matter .of responsibility the Cause and Cure of War, 1622 on the part .of the people, mean- Grand Central Terminal Build- townsmen ashamed likewise. I ing ourselves. The choice neces- ing, New York, for the report of long to s,ee a great army of the sitates positive and steady con- the Conference and the Mara- ashamed, marching up Capitol victions as to the means used to thon Round Table material. The Hill to our Government, in order achieve peace. National Peace Conference, 8 that, together, we may make a West 40th Street, is in the midst gigantic apology for man's war The Conference program did of a fifteen-month campaign for record. . . . It is not from argu- "reinforce our knowledge" on ments that peace will come, but World Economic Cooperation. an international scale. There The Conference frankly poses it wHl arise out of the purified was a review of the ways used this question to the public: "Are souls of men who have put internationally in opposition to you willing to make as the price morality above immorality." for peace a fraction of the sacwar, the plans for the interna- rifices you would make for My mind and heart turn to tional peace campaign, and a war?" possible international pol ice the observance of the World Day John Donald Adams, in the of Prayer, on March fourth, for force. There was the considera- January Atlantic Monthly, con- which the people are preparing. tion of American policies to pre- tends that "personal conscience vent war, such as Neutrality, The Day is .observed annually in the United States has fallen the first Friday in Lent by Concerted Action as in Boycott to a new low in our history as a and Sanctions, our Country's nation." "Where personal con- Christians round the world. Far-Eastern Pol icy, and the science dies, there is no free- The theme is "The Church – A Reciprocal Trade Agreements dom." He is positive and help- World Fellowship." The civil strife in our own country and which seem to be basic to the ful in his emphasis that "the new world order. There were personal conscience is nourished the use of queer methods of fili- Round Table discussions on the and sustained by faith, and by bustering and the like, increased Far East, an International Po- the ready assumption of individ- armament and show of giant lice Force, Spain in Europe, force give us deep concern over Danger Spots in Eastern Eu- ual moral responsibility for in- dividual acts." With Christians, the public welfare. rope. Able leaders opened the it should not be necessary for "Justice brings us peace and subjects which were then fur- Mr. Adams or anyone, "to con- quiet; honesty renders us sether explored by folk who care, tend" this point. cure; my people shall have and who will, not only to be edu- homes of peace and rest in cated for peace but to be effec- The church women and many houses undisturbed. (Isaiah 32: tive for world p€ace. 17 Moffatt.) In a Christmas letter sent to This Issue of the Bulletin has been pre- pared by Miss Anne Seesholtz. former editor. the writer, a friend quoted

AMERICA sions, asserts that our Govern- Itinerating in

ment's use of the term "good Literary Cooperation in neighbor" carries with it impli- , Rev. H. A. Martin, Presby- Mexico cations of tremendous responsi- terian minister in Lageado, Mat- bility. "If America is going to to Grosso, Brazil, has lived in Evangelical writers h a v e be really a good neighbor nation this interior for 20 years, 2,000 formed a Union, by means of it cannot be that in any super- miles from the seaport of Sao which all engaged in evangeli- ficial way," thinks Dr. Odell. Paulo. Most of his time is spent cal publication will have a way "It must be the result of an im- traveling among the natives by of exchanging articles, arrang- pulse within. We must be a mule train. He does most of his ing unified statements on mat- Christian nation if we are going sleeping in hammocks strung ters of general interest, and to carry into effect in any real between two trees in the jungle. generally becoming better ac- way a good-neighbor policy. He says: "If we slept on the quainted with similar work in And we cannot do it if we expect ground, huge black ants would other denominations. It is hoped something in return." descend on us in armies, and that all petitions for help in con- would infect us with fever from struction of churches, Christian Dr. Odell emphasized that their bites." centers and other kinds of en- there would be no fundamental terprise iss u e d by various worth to any neighborly policy Since Brazil is a country withchurches of the country will by our government "unless mo- out fences, the mission party has have a greater publicity as a re- tivated by something genuine in something of a problem to keep sult of this Union. our hearts." its mules from straying while it encamps overnight. With each -World Dominion Press. Colombia a Backward Land mule train there is a horse known as the "godmother" of Bibles for Nicaraguans Colombia is one of South the pack. At night the mules America's most difficult mission are allowed to roam free, but The American Bible Society fields. After· more than eighty the horse is hobbled and a bell is printing 3,000 Miskito New years of occupation there are is affixed to its neck. Because Testaments for the Moravian now only twenty-six national of the strange affinity which the Mission in Nicaragua, of which ordained workers, serving forty- mules have for horses they never a portion have been shipped. six organized churches with a stray far away. The demand for Miskito Scrip- membership of 1,196. The Suntures has grown with the in- day-school enrolment is 2,245. Mr. Martin supervises. the crease of adult literacy. This Many new missionary societies mission work in Matto Grosso, language is spoken by almost are entering this field, most of and in addition to evangelism 25,000 people of Nicaragua and them of the independent and has under his care a training Honduras along the east coast, faith groups. In one year the school for teachers at Burity. and for about 25,0 miles up the total number of missionaries has He discreetly refrains from com- Coco River. It was reduced to jumped from 87 to 113. There menting on the policies of the writing by missionaries over is an open struggle in Colombia new government of Brazil. ninety years ago, and the whole between church and state. While New Testament has been avail- religious conditions are back- Drive Against Liquor in Chile able since 1905. It was revised ward the country is making rapand published by the American id development in many other The present government in Bible Society in 1926. ways. This is particularly true Chile is whipping up sentiment in means of transportation. to restrict the sale of intoxicants. -Bible Society Record. There is even a proposal to de- Among the aggressive evan- stroy many of the vineyards. Implication in Term "Good gelical missions are the Presby- The president and his advisors Neighbor" terian, U. S. A., the Christian warn that the future of the na- and Missionary Alliance, the tion will be imperiled unless Dr. E. A. Odell, Secretary for Gospel Missionary Union, the drastic action is taken to curb the West Indies of the Presby- Cumberland Presbyterian and the drink menace. The brewers terian Board of National Mis- the Scandinavian Alliance. say, as they say in the U. S., that the problem is one for education, [148 ]

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

not for legal handling. But open, an organization known as be given by teachers that have left Chilean women want to see some the Union Evangelique Interna- the churches. In exceptional circumaction, along with education. tionale D'Etudiants is seeking to stances special instruction can be fur- They have, to produce action, "buy up the opportunities." It merged ten organizations, in- nished for children remaining in the cluding the Feminine C i vic Christian Church by teachers who Party, the Pro-Emancipation of is estimated that there are 45,– are "ecclesiastical professionals." Women Movement, the American Women's Club, the Feminine 000 young men and women -The Living Church. Evangelical Club, the Chilean Women's Association, the Club studying in Paris, about 8,000 de Professores, the Woman's Federation, and the Methodist of whom are from other parts Finland-Protestant Bulwark Feminine Federation. of Europe and overseas. The Union has an attractive club- Religiously, Finland is the -Christian Advocate. room, converted from an old eastern outpost of Protestant- coach stable, and conveniently ism, facing Greek Catholicism of EUROPE situated in the heart of the Uni- versity Quarter. Here meeting;;, yesterday and militant atheism An Achievement in Giving Bible-study groups, and social of today. The Finnish Church gatherings are held each week. forms the shock troop of Lu- To secure local gifts of £10,- The president is a French teach- theranism against the onslaught 500 in two weeks to restore a er, the vice-president a Chris- of persecution and a propaganda church in Wolverhampton, Eng- tian Japanese student. No fewer of godlessness that has· almost land, is probably a world record than 20 nationalities are reprein rapid fund raising. The sented in the meetings. destroyed the Church in Russia, mayor launched the appeal for Ukrainia and elsewhere east of £10,000; 28,000 letters were A new venture in 1937 was a the Baltic. m a i led to householders; a Young People's House Party, short film, in which the mayor held at Vennes, Switzerland. Lutheranism was brought to appealed to the town, was shown The daily program included con- Finland through Swedish influin nearly all the cinemas; the versational Bible study, fol- ence, a change that developed in church was floodlit every night, lowed by a season of prayer. Alopen until 10, and visited by together more than 1,000 young a conservative and gradual manthousands in groups escorted by people attended the four camps. ner. Although Finland has felt guides; the local newspaper gave daily support of the cam- -The Christian. the influence of various cross paign. currents and religious move- ments which have affected Prot- A change of mayors. took place estantism, it has been remarkduring the period, and the new one took up the appeal at once. ably free from internal schisms Fourteen days to the minute from the start of the appeal, the Plan to Subjugate Church and separatism. Ninety-eight mayor went to the church steps per cent of the entire Finnish and announced the total received. A service of thanksgiv- A December issue Qf the population of three and one-half ing followed. Schwarze Korps, a Nazi period- million people, are members of ical, announces a "program for the Lutheran Church. It is not Paris Evangelical Student the future German Church" noticeably affected by the insid- Union which seems to offer little to ious forces of atheism and Bol- choose between exile or martyr- shevism that continually seep About four-fifths of the popu- dom for those who remain Chris- through its borders. lation in France have drifted fro m all religious mooring. tian. Here is the "program" : AFRICA French Protestants n u m b e r scarcely more than a million, (1) Germany proclaims a State remost of them in the south where ligion to which all citizens, without today are evidences of revived exception, are obligated. This new Sunday Schools Imperative interest in Bible study. religion is based on the "revelation For some time the Egyptian Although opportunities for of God in nature, and in destiny, life Government has been working evangelistic efforts are becom- and death of the peoples." on a program of compulsory eding fewer in several European ucation, and it is now being put countries, there is still complete (2) The churches will be permitted into effect. One of the serious liberty for Gospel teaching in to exist as purely private institu- Republican France. Realizing tions if they subordinate themselves that the door may not remain in sermon and teachings to the basIc problems confronting the Chris- doctrines of the general State re- ligion. tian community is that of the re- ligious lessons in these compul- (3) The State refuses all coopera- tion with the churches. It removes sory schools. These lessons are its protection from them and refuses in the Koran and Islamic teach- the financial support hitherto paid ings. While the children of to them. Christians are not required to (4) The State confiscates all attend these religious lessons, it church property on the grounds that "this property was created through is inevitable that much of the the joint cooperation of all citizens, and in a period when State and Moslem teaching given to other Church were still an entity." Con- children will be imbibed by vent schools and institutions and mon- Christian children. Further- astic settlements will therefore be more, these children are without disbanded. (5) Religious instruction in the religious training unless the churches Will be conducted in the Christian community is suffici- service of the State religion, and will ently large to make some spe-

cial provision on its own ac- said; "I do forget so." As they yet be the grave of Italy; and to count. It is therefore most repeated to him the story of the have ordered his son, living in important that an effective Sun- Cross his face lit up, and he said, Jerusalem, to pay no attention to day school program be main- "Oh, now I begin to remember! any invitation from this same -So S. Times. tained. Sheikh Metry Dewairy 'fell me more." source.

has a large· part in promoting A young man who had op- Locusts, and a Revival this work. posed the Gospel put his hand Aggressive Evangelism in on the old man's shoulder and Bolobo is a town of about Morocco 5,000 inhabitants, on the river said to the missionary: "This is bank about 450 miles from the The Southern Morocco Mis- mouth of the Congo. In its large sion attains its jubilee this year. the only one in the village in hinterland an extensive evan- whose heart your words have en- tered." -Life of Faith.

In this fanatically Moslem land, New Ohristians gelistic work has been carried on a staff of 25 missionaries carry > for nearly fifty years, and a on educational, medical and Results of the preaching mis- large c~urch membership had evangelistic work in several cen- sion in Efulan, Presbyterian been bUIlt up: But whIle the ters. As always where Islam is WbeeysotnAd freixcpaecsttaattiioonn~ went so far church grew m numbers, there in power, the work is not easy. that help was a falling away in quality. Medical work proves a most use- was sought to examine the 642 ~here were plenty of fluent naful means of contact. Those who who publicly confessed Christ, to tlV~ P!eachers, and several evanjourney to the mission for medi- see if it were the real thing. gelIstIc teams, put the he~then cal attention are never allowed After the missionary preached knew that the mner experIence to depart until the Gospel mes- his sermon he told these people of the church members who sage has been presented in some that he did not want them to preached to them was not greatly form. come forward unless they really different from their own.

Mr. Robert Nairn, of Mar- meant it. It was not just to have In 1934, the missionary staff raksh, tells in The Christian how one's name written, but it must called a conference of pivotal the medical work leads to evan- be a real confession of faith in men and women, hoping for a gelistic opportunity. Mission- Jesus as their Saviour. After complete renewal. Far from aries, visiting a village for the that 600 came forward. producing a singleness of pur- first time, sought out two wom- In some parts of this field pose,. th~ deacons. resented t~e en, who, they remembered, had there have been people so afraid ImplIcatIOn o~ faIlure ?~ theIr come from that village to the that they might confess if talked pll;rt .and ~et~hated by ~ItIng the dispensary some time before. The result was that the mission- ttoh~ythkantewthethye would hide when mISSIOnarIes shortcommgs. The personal workers frank discussion proved to be aries were warmly welcomed, were in their town. These were salutary. The deacons declared and at a meeting in the small people who knew they should be that cooperation was impossihouse of one of the women the room was crowded with an at- gCihvreisutpiatnhs~ but who could not ble, and, atfet enrsiot hnr, e etl;meyo nut h~asnio­f things of this world. increased tentive congregation. Arrange- One man went away from his mously tendered theIr resIgnaments have been made to visit town when he knew the preach- tion. On the first Sunday. of the village each month. Increasing numbers of Jews, ing mission was t ocwomn inog~lya ntdo January, 1935, no CommunIon went to another service could be observed.. Then living in all parts of Morocco, find the mission there, and con- swarms of locusts were SIghted have been visiting the dispen- fessed in that church. near Bolobo. The European offi- cial was instructed by telephone sary in Marraksh. No oppor- to organize beating parties and tunity is lost of testifying to Ohaos in Ethiopia keep the locusts from alighting. them of their Messiah. Scrip- For three days the people weature copies are sold every day. Mussolini has arranged that ried themselves in the effort to Lantern services usually prove the Roman Catholic Prelate of preserve their maize, manioo popular, and provide. excellent Rhodes shall officiate at the and ground nuts, and then the opportunity for presenting the crowning of a Roman Emperor locusts departed without doing Christian message. of Abyssinia. But it is not so any material damage. sure there will be a crowning. A Moor's Fidelity A condition of chaos is reported The coming of the locusts was in Ethiopia, with guerilla war- effectual in bringing within a Here is an example of endur- fare and shortage of food. The week a revival, a conviction of ing faith. A convert of the conquerors move about only in sin and testimony. North Africa Mission in Mo- large companies and protected rocco is over 70, and on a recent by airplanes. Haile Selassie is -The Christian.

visit the missionaries found that said to have refused Mussolini's Native Health Problem his memory was failing rapidly; offer of the Abyssinian throne but his trust in the Saviour was under Italian protection, with Unsatisfactory health condi- Rteadfast. "Tell me again," he the remark that Ethiopia would tions among the natives of South

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Africa is disturbing the Govern- Sabbath in Palestine sionaries and there have been conversions in many pal'lts. ment and public opinion. Gen- Tel-Aviv in Palestine has the distinction of being the only 100 S. M. ZWEMER. eral Smuts is quoted as saying: per cent Jewish city in the world. Last year, a series of Iran Attacks Illiteracy "The natives in this country meetings all over Palestine cul- minated in a conference at Tel- The Boy Scout Movement is are getting rotten with disease Aviv, during which lectures were spreading rapidly in Iran, under given on how to observe the Sab- government support. Eve r y and are becoming a menace to bath in agriculture, industry, town of any size has a troop; it ~tc. This movement is supported is claimed there are 50,000 civilization. Something will III the highest Jewish circles. Scouts in the country. They are organized and directed by an have to be done, the condition is For some time the arrival of American, Thomas R. Gibson. the Sabbath has been proclaimed becoming worse and worse." on Friday afternoon all aroun<l The government encourage- Tel-Aviv by the blowing of the ment of adult education also Agit3;tion . over native physical Shophar, or ram's horn trumpet grows apace. Night classes in of Biblical days. After dark reading and writing are condeterIOratIOn and the serious there blazes from the dome of ducted in all the provinces. Il- the synagogue an electric sign lustrated posters showing the death rate among their children "Remember the sabbath day to' value of education are placed keep it holy." The reformers everywhere. At present, so has been increased by an outcry want to see every Jew in the many people have enrolled in synagogue on Sabbath and pri- these courses that it is taxing from urban areas that native vate motor cars put away. the department of education to provide the necessary teachers servants are carrying wide- -Alliance Weekly. and equipment. The hope is that illiteracy will be abolished in two spread infection into the homes Decline of Islam years. -Christian Century.

of the whites. Tuberculosis and Islam no longer has the INDIA AND BURMA strength and power of 40 years other p~lmonary troubles, per- ago, and gates of brass are be- Training in Evangelism ing opened. Modern Arabia has son~l dlsease~, and. unsanitary a~ area. of one million square Those who know the value of mIles, wIth about eight million college trained women evangelhabIts prevaIl among natives people, and is the center of a ists in America and England feel great non-Christian religion. that similar training should be who are in daily contact with Islam has been bound together available to Indian women stu- by the annual pilgrimage to Mec- dents, in view of the present white people and their cphriledpraern~ ca from all parts of the world. open door for Christian teachand who handle and The Government blue book on ing. This has led to a new ven- the subject shows a shrinkage in ture in one area of the United their food. A demand for com- the number of pilgrims from Church of Northern India. Two 300,000 twenty or >thirty years members of the Bible Women's pulsory medical examination is ago to about 50,000 last year. Institute committee of the Pun- During the last 50 years marvel- jab Church Council were asked being'made, but there are legal lous progress has been made in to make a tour of girls' middle Arabia. The slave traffic has training and high schools and and other difficulties. The root been stopped, the old social sys- the women's college to present tem is uprooted, and it will not the challenge of evangelism and difficulty can be dealt with by be long before Egypt and Arabia Bible teaching as a vocation. follow the example of Iran and The idea was well received and relieving malnutrition and re- Turkey in the emancipation of discussion brought out reports womanhood. Ibn Sa'oud has of actual evangelistic and social moyi~g its source in poverty. been raised up >to develop and service projects being carried on unify his country. Roads have by the various groups. It is ThIs Illvolves the whole economic been made through the desert, hoped that the day will come and the automobile has replaced when Indian youth will have and industrial situation. the camel as a means of trans- their equivalent of the Student portation. Modern developments Volunteer organization. -World Dominion Press. have helped missions, and Ara- bia has now nine hospitals along Another Sundar Singh? WESTERN ASIA the c?ast. Arabs are watching the lIves of the Christian mis- A young sikh is preaching in The Power of Initiative western India, with the result Modern Turkey has coined a new word which means "·the power of initiative." It is on everr tong~e at present. A deputy III parlIament and editor of a monthly magazine, New Education, discusses it in an article.

rower of ~nitiative, he says, can eXIst only wIth freedom. As there was no freedom in the country in the days, of a Moslem theocracy and ab- solutIsm, there could have been no power of initiative. Those who be- lieved everything came directly from God considered it a sin to begin a work on their own initiative. The Sulta~s thought themselves as irresponsIble as God, as infallible as God tal;s1e t hseuhssthiatd~otew of God on earth and of the Prop het; 'these d~d not desIre to have anyone in the kmgdo~ with personal initiative.

There IS freedom, now in Turkey, therefore also the power of initiative.

. . . There is much work which the power of initiative can accomplish by creative science and industry and in !he domain of literature and learnmg.

Fascist government would do well to ponder this. -World Dominion Press.

that the number of Bibles. sold halls each with rooms for 150 Scripture texts in brilliant colors increased from 500 to 12,000 in students and for two unmarried beside the way. Two Christian a year. members of the staff and a cer- hostels have been opened where tain number of tutors. The 450 travelers may obtain a night's This Sikh was converted by or more delegates to the World lodging, hear the Gospel, and reading some literature on a steamer going to Canada. World Missionary Conference can be pass on. In one town an attrac- Dominion says: "He has all the conveniently accommodated. tive newspaper is being produced fire of an apostle. He preaches Christ and Him crucified, and The college moved from Ma- monthly, on the back page of tells Christians that they must dras city to its new home at which a Gospel message is themselves be convicted of all Tambaram six months ago. In printed. sin if they expect to see the non- Christian so convicted. He is the work of the college several Siam Sends Missionaries roving the churches of the Pun- missions cooperate; from the jab as Sadhu Singh used to do. How he lives is a marvel. He proceeds of the "British Colleges. Siamese Christian churches of never asks for money and re- Appeal" a sum of £10,000 was •Chiengmai have recently sent fuses it, except for his railway given last year toward the new out five young people into misfares, and he has no collections at his meetings. He tells simply Tambaram set-up. sionary service. Two of the five how Christ brings. into his life joy which he vainly sought as a The Church in the Punjab are foreign missionaries, having Sikh." gone over the border into Yun- In honor of pioneers who laid nan Province, China. Kiulung- In This Case-Not! the foundations for the Church kiang was formerly a station of of Christ in the Punjab, great the Yunnan Mission of the Pres- Rev. S. P. Hieb, pastor of a groups of Christians poured into byterian Church, but was transchurch in Sholapur, denies the Ludhiana last October, carrying ferred to the Siam Mission bestatement of a recent Ripley banners and singing psalms un- cause, although in China, the "Believe It or Not" cartoon, til two thousand registration language and customs closely rewhich called this-"the Christian badges had been used up, and semble those of Siam. Robbers' Church-the strangest still more delegates arrived for church in the world . . . whose the three-day celebration. One A missionary who attended a entire congregation consists of day the crowd marched through farewell service for them rerobbers from the hereditary the streets of the city, displaying marked that "they are going criminal tribes of India." The Bible verses, preaching, singing, with quaking knees, but going." fact is the church is called "The in a remarkable procession over City of Hope Church." Less a mile long. At a community -Monday Morning. than one-half its membership is supper, 2,700 Christians, gathdrawn from the people of Crim- ered from all walks of life, from Judson College inal Tribes. It is inaccurate to village and city, many former represent that all, or most of the untouchables, ate together in the Judson College, Burma, has "Crims" are joining the church, bond of Christian fellowship. reached the highest enrolment in that people who still have crim- its history – 337 – classified as inal habits are accepted as The Principal of the Theolog- follows: 197 Christians, 75 Budchurch members, or that the ical School, Rev. S. N. Talib-ud- dhists, 48 Hindus, 14 Mohamstigma of their former occupa- Din, sounded the challenge that medans; 117 Burmese, 108 Kation is attached to Christians in inasmuch as America has pro- rens, 70 Indians, 22 European, the church. vided money and leadership, the 10 Chinese, 4 Chins, 2 Kachins, Indian Church must now give 2 Mons, 2 Shans; 102 women, Madras Christian College in money and men and service to 235 men. There are 248 students meet the unparalleled opportuni- in residence, 157 men and 91 New Location ties for the presentation of women. Ninety-nine students Christ in India today. At the receive aid in some form. Tambaram is the new location closing consecration service it of Madras Christian College, was decided to raise during the Two Sunday schools are mainpremier Christian college in In- next five years a Centennial tained for Burmese children in dia. It is 16 miles from the city Fund of ten thousand rupees for a near-by village, with 107 of Madras, but connected by ef- evangelism. pupils and 12 teachers. The Inficient electric railway service. dian Church, which developed The college is built on about 400 -Presbyterian Tribune. from efforts of the college stuacres of land and on the model dents, meets regularly in the of the residential universities of Ways of Working chapel and its pastor has a gen- Oxford and Cambridge in Eng- uinely evangelistic influence. land, and of Harvard and Yale in the United States. It has four -':"'Burma News.

Moravian missionaries in Ti- CHINA bet use various methods of mak- Christ the Only Hope ing God's Word known. One missionary, adapting the method Chinese Christians in North China are praying for Chris- of the Buddhists who carve holy tians in Japan. When a Japa- words upon the rocks for pass- ing pilgrims to see, stencils

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

nese Christian soldier comes Throughout the country there is scene of battle moved from into church the words, "I am a growing recognition of the ab- Chapei to the western district of also a Christian," banishes at solute necessity of honesty in ad- Shanghai, St. John's campus once the expression of strain ministration, and men whose in- was on the very edge of the batand apprehension on the faces tegrity is beyond question are tlefield and it became necessary of the people. An English- being sought to fill positions of for everyone to evacuate. speaking soldier came-an en- trust. In spite of war, a new gineering college graduate and China is being built, and the -The Living Church. a Sunday school teacher in Ja- Christian Church is being asked pan-"What a pity I What a to furnish the ideals. Y. W. C. A. Service pity I" cried a young Chinese teacher. The man talked with The Silver Lining The Young Women's Christhe Chinese pastor and asked for tian Association is rendering a verse from the Chinese Bible, A missionary in P e i pin g valuable service in China during since he was going to the front, writes the Presbyterian Board the present struggle in meeting together with the pastor's auto- of a station prayer meeting in urgent human needs. Refugee graph. He wished to carry it in which a report was given of ex- camps, first aid classes and clinhis hat. The verse given him periences in Paotingfu, when the ics were the first response to the was, "Where there is neither city was taken by the Japanese. situation; a woman's service Jew nor G r e e k, barbarian, The courageous and convincing center has bee n established Scythian, bond or free, but testimony of the Chinese Chris- which combines into one large Christ is all and in all." tians in the face of wounds and unit a refugee camp for unem- death, the equally impressive at- ployed Chinese women, a hostel More than one individual Jap- titude and conversation of Japa- for factory girls already at anese soldier and officer has said nese Christian soldiers under the work, and a vocational training they would prefer not to be in compulsory sway of a military center for those still unable to this war, but "we are under or- system which enrolls all able- return to, or find work; units ders." bodied men for war; and the of industrial girls have gone to evident use of this testimony by the front to aid in helping both An American woman whose the Holy Spirit in the conversion soldiers and civilians. name is known nationally was of many; all demonstrate that no walking along a street in Japan matter how dark the world out- It is gratifying to note that a few weeks ago just before sail- look may be, God's overruling the regular forward-looking proing for the United States. A providence is making even the gram of the association is being Japanese gentleman fell into wrath of man to praise Him. carried on throughout the counstep beside her, asked if she try; some of the national staff were not an American, and St. J ohn:'s University members are remaining at headapologized for speaking to her Carries On quarters in Shanghai, while but said he felt that he must. eight others have gone to Han- He said, "I don't know who you The work of Christian educa- kow to establish a national headare, but you are going to Amer- tion goes on in Shanghai. St. quarters in Central China, and ica and I want you to tell the John's University began its fall to be ready to follow the Gov- American people that we J apa- term five weeks late in a huge ernment if it moves farther innese do not want this war-We office building constructed of land. Every cent of money do not want to fight China. It concrete in the heart of the busi- raised for pursuing the program is only the militarist party in ness district. goes directly to China. control, and we are helpless." The many practical difficulties Movements in Central Asia War and Christianity connected with such a move were met and overcome by the The missionary occupation of A writer in The Christian Ad- acting president, William Sung, Chinese Turkestan has been exvocate declares there never has and the administrative staff in a ceedingly thin, but so long as it been a time in China when an- most efficient manner. Funds was possible to do so, two pioneer tagonism to Christian teaching for the extra expenses such as missionaries, George Hunter and was so rapidly disappearing. rent and the transportation of Percy Mather, traveled up and The work and spirit of the furniture were collected from down sowing the seed of the Church are making themselves the alumni. The enrolment of Gospel in preparation for a harso strongly felt in high places students was greater than ever, vest yet to be garnered. They that they are quietly permeating many universities in China be- sought to reach the most remote the life of the people, breaking ing unable to open at all, and peoples, and succeeded in spreaddown prejudices and removing their students transferring to ing the knowledge of Christ and barriers, which a few years ago St. John's. distributing Scriptures over an seemed immovable. Old super- enormous area. stitions are disintegrating and About half of the staff conopening up an unhindered way tinued to live on the university Meanwhile, on the Western for the message of the Christ as campus which was guarded by side, the Swedish Mission in the Saviour of men from sin. British soldiers; but when the Kashgar, by medical and educa- tional methods, maintained a

steady effort to reach the Moslem he has been speaking night after In his plea for vigorous suppopulation. At present it is not night to packed audiences. It is port of missions, Mr. Castle used possible to report accurately the reported that young people are Japan, the country with which missionary effort of Chinese especially restless and bewil- he is familiar, as an example of Turkestan because of the critical dered at the situation, and are the need for such work. "We political situation, but there has earnestly seeking for the lead hear people say, 'I will not give been advance in that territory which Dr. Kagawa is so capable to missions in Japan.' If they which lies south of the Kara- of giving. feel so bitterly toward Japan, koram Pass. There are plans they should give more freely for new effort at the starting The National Christian Coun- than ever before, since, in their point for all caravans moving to- cil of Japan announces: "One own opinion, the Japanese are ward Chinese and R u s s ian of the primary objects of hold- desperately in need of Christian Turkestan. ing the 1938 World Christian {)tandards of conduct. The use- Conference in the Orient was to fulness of missions is not in the Nothing could be more impor- make it possible for the attend- least dependent on whether we tant than to establish work ance of full delegations from the approve or disapprove the acwhich will influence traders and younger churches." This may tions of the government of the travelers who form these cara- not now be possible, but the country where the missions are vans and supply them with Council reports that it will co- established." Scriptures. There is talk of es- operate as far as possible in tablishing bases from which making the meeting to be held Another speaker, B ish 0 p hitherto closed provinces, such in India in December, 1938, a Tucker, himself a former misas Yasin, Hunza and Nagar, can success. sionary to Japan, defended the be pentrated, and there is hope existence of missions in Japan of occupying an area known as – World Dominion Press. against the criticism of those the Trans-zoji-Ia field which is who hold that Japan's present accessible from the Kashmir Practice in Leadership conduct toward China does not border, and which will greatly justify missionary effort. affect pioneer work in Ladakh A little over a year ago the and Baltistan. Osaka English School decided "Perhaps we do not realize to organize a Sunday school to that Christian nations some- -Mildred Cable. take the place of week-day Bible times do not show evidence of classes. At that time there was Christianity in practical con- JAPAN-CHOSEN not even one student who had duct," he said. ever had the experience of lead- Kagawa's Christmas Gift ing a worship program of any Christian influence in Japan kind, and only three who would "has won an almost complete American friends of Kagawa, lead in public prayer. It was victory" in elevating m 0 r a I have sent him a Christmas gift not easy to plan worship pro- standards of the Japanese in soof $1,000 to continue his service. grams for an untrained group cial, industrial, business and More than 350 persons had a of this kind, who had never be- philanthropic life. While admitpart in this gift. Probably there fore had any connection with a ting that perhaps it has failed in has never been a time in his life Sunday school and who knew regard to influencing the nationwhen Kagawa was in more need little about Christianity. But alistic attitude of the Japanese, of a practical demonstration of gradually the i r interest in- Bishop Tucker said: "I believe Christian brotherhood than the creased, and a few "born lead- the cause may be that as the present. ers" were discovered. Only once Japanese watched the activities or twice has anyone declined to of Christian countries in the Or- Rev. J. Henry Carpenter, 285 take part when asked, and then ient, witnessing certain degrees Schermerhorn St., Brooklyn, N. with good excuse. There is an of aggression, they have not Y., is treasurer of this fund, average attendance of fifty. gathered that Christianity has which has a balance of $100 still much influence on Christian govin the bank, and promises of -World Outlook. ernments;" -N. Y. Times. more to come. Christian Front Urged Aid for China -The Living Church. At a missionary rally last Jan- Here is proof that not all Jap- Difficulties Beset the N. C. C. uary in the Cathedral of St. John anese are militarists. Rev. H. H. the Divine, New York, William Kano, minister in charge of the The National Christian Coun- R. Castle, former U. S. ambas- Episcopal Church's work among cil's United Campaign of Evan- sador to Japan, appealed to Japanese farmers in Western gelism has been slowed up by Christianity to present "a united Nebraska, has sent a gift of $10 the Sino-Japanese crisis. The front against the forces of re- to the China Emergency Fund. thinking of the nation is given action and evil." He branded As further proof, a young J apawholly to the struggle being communism as reversion to the nese artist, son of Yone Noguchi, waged. Only in Tokyo are the primitive, and Naziism and Fas- made a drawing of a Chinese meetings arranged in the Spring cism as enemies of individual mother and child, to be sold at of 1937 for Dr. Kagawa being liberty. a benefit in New York City for carried out as planned. There

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

the Chinese. The drawing was 2. Learning to listen while God always been a matter of uncerpurchased by a Chinese business speaks, and to obey what He says. tainty. Recently the Dutch Govman of New York. When asked ernment has made a thorough why he contributed his work to 3. Telling to other people the good survey of their part of the this end, Mr. Noguchi is quoted results that have come to their lives. island, with the result that the as saying: population is now estimated at There have been surprising results. over a million. Here are num- I give this drawing to make the Many school girls have confessed that berless tribes and races un- Americans understand that the Japa- they have been cheating in examina- reached except as viewed from nese are not all militaristic. I am tion, and have resolved that, at what- the air. They are generally just as distressed for the Japanese as ever cost to their marks, they would known as Papuans (curly). for the Chinese. Whereas in China cheat no more. They have confessed They are black, have curly hair, people are killed and hearts are brok- to the matron that they stole food and in many cases are still proben, in Japan children will be raised and fruit from the cupboard when ably cannibals. Nearly one hunwith hearts hardened to a race next she was not around, and have re- dred Dyak Christians of Borneo to them if they win this war. solved to return or pay for all they have been employed by a gold have stolen. Some have confessed to mining company, and have gone -The Churchman. stealing money and have planned to to New Guinea. Some of the Chi- return it. There is a new conscience nese missionaries of the Chinese Year's Growth in Chosen about obeying the rules of the school Foreign Missionary Union are and dormitory. feeling a call to this island, which Rev. C. A. Clark writes in save Greenland, is the largest Pyengyang News that 1937 was These young people spend an hour island in the world. a remarkable year in the rural or so each day in quiet times together, field. Every church has been listening silently to hear what God -The Pioneer. filled to overflowing; four con- says. The answers they are getting gregations are building new, and are practical, and are resulting in In Dutch East Indies larger churches. As a gesture of such striking changes that everybody sharing, Mr. Clark contributed notices them. The Dutch East Indies is one 10 yen to each; except for this of the largest fields of the Christhe people have met the entire C. E. Jubilee in Australia tian and Missionary Alliance. Recost. cently the Government withdrew The following call has been its objections to the Alliance us- Mr. Clark began work in his issued: "Ninety thousand Aus- ing a hydroplane in one of the field fourteen years ago when tralasian Christian Endeavor- districts of Borneo which is exthere were 21 churches; two or ers affectionately and enthusias- ceedingly difficult of access. The three of these barely started. tically invite their comrades of only condition is that the plane Today, there are 45 churches in every nationality to come to Mel- shall be nominally owned by a the same area. Five women bourne, the entertaining city of Dutch subject. As a Dutch misworkers are paid in full by the the Tenth World's Christan En- sionary was due to arrive on the churches. Each church last year deavor Convention-August 2nd field a few weeks ago, there is had a week of Bible classes. to 8th, 1938. We earnestly ask not likely to be any further ob- that you will make every effort jection. This method of trans- ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC throughout your territory to or- port will save the missionaries ganize a representative delega- much time, and will be a safer Bible Course for Formosa tion and thus kindle fires of con- way of traveling than by the secration, fellowship, unity and swift-flowing river. The Canadian Mission in For- goodwill that will spread from mosa asked for a Japanese Melbourne to the utmost corners The Alliance has a Bible translation of Dr. W. L. Sival- of the earth. . . . school in Makassar, Celebes, len's Bib I e Correspondence where about 170 students were Course, for use among Japanese "Christian youth, 'neath the enrolled during last year, pre- Christians in Formosa. This has Southern Cross, holds out to you paring to preach the Gospel in now been made, making this the ready hand of welcome and the unevangelized parts of the course available in Korean, Chi- affection. A young nation, fac- islands. Nearly 3,000 converts nese and Japanese. The number ing the dawn of a great future, were baptized in 1936, most of now enrolled is over 10,000 and whose people are imbued with these being in Borneo, and those who have finished the the highest instincts of friendli- bringing the Christian commucourse are more than 3,000. ness, invites you to mingle with nity in that island to more than her sons and daughters in for- 11,000. . -The Christian. -Pyengyang News. mulating a covenant-program of world evangelism, world unity NORTH AMERICA The Real Thing and world peace." Our National Leakage Some of the young people in -N. C. C. Bulletin. Dansalan, P. 1., have resolved to Prof. Charles J. Bushnell, of take their Christianity in earn- Unexplored New Guinea Toledo University, and other ines:t by doing these three things: The entire coastline of New 1. Analyzing their lives, getting Guinea has been assigned to the rid of every little sin, and surrender- Dutch missions. Many thouing completely to God. sands have been reached, but the task of evangelizing the interior of that great island is an enor- mous one. The population has

vestigators have recently sup- their signed cards. Among those 1938, in eastern, central and Pa- plied some startling figures in signing were: cific areas. The theme will be regard to crime's economic drain 33 Catholics 1 People's "Presbyterian Young People in on the nation. For example, in 49 Episcopalians the World Christian Communi- Church the time those defaulted war 53 Presbyterians 93 Methodists ty." Each conference will con- 2 Brethren 1 Pentecostal -debts have been running, the ac- 1 Mormon 2 Church tinue for five days, and each will <cumulated crime bill would pay be led by Dr. Harold McAfee for all the wars in history. This 12 Congregation- of God Robinson. College students will alists 3 Swedish appalling drain includes a gam- 14 Christian Mission have time set aside in each for bling bill of $4,000,000,000; $3,- Scientists 3 Greek consideration of their particular 500,000,000 lost through com- 7 Evangelicals Orthodox problems, and to plan for regionmercial frauds, diverting funds 1 Salvationist ,al student organization. 45 Lutherans 6 St. Andrew from legitimate channels; the 4 Disciples Protestant 1 St. Lucas loss from crimes against prop- . 30 Baptists 19 Unsigned Inquiry Into Student Affiliation erty; the half million annual ar- -Po T. L. Quarterly.

rests; the 2'00,000 prison population with an annual turnover University Christian Mission The Episcopal Church has of fifty per cent, the police, made a survey, and announces courts, transportation and insti- The Federal C 0 U n c i I of that 47,729 of the nation's stututions estimated at never less Churches announces a "Univer- dents are Episcopalian, or one than $10,000,000,000 and as sity Christian Mission" to be sixth of all college students. The high as $15,000,000,000. conducted at the invitation of survey also disclosed that a total leading educational institutions of 88.3'1'0 of students in Ameri- If even a fraction of this mon- of the nation during 1938. It is can colleges have a definite reey were saved by preventive a united effort on the part of all ligious preference. These figmeasures, it would stimulate g r 0 ups engaged in student ures are based on information business; and a large propor- Christian work to present the received from 1,340 institutes of tion of the taxes spent on the claim of Christian faith and life higher learning, involving 82'8,- futile turnover of a constantly upon students of America. 071 students. recruited criminal class could be put to constructive purposes- The primary purpose is to Methodists, with 156,423, or 18.89 education, libraries, recreational confront students wit h the percent, led the list of denominations. facilities, health and mental hy- claims of Christ upon their lives, giene. and to lead them to a definite Roman Catholics were second with Christian discipleship. The time 122,786 students, or 14.83 per cent. Let it be noted that this loss is opportune for a new religious is cumulative in its effects, in- movement a m 0 n g students. Other groups in order were: creasing both taxes and cost of Many are seriously looking for Baptist, 99,219. living. a Divine Master in whom they Presbyterian, 88,473. may believe, and for a cause to Congregational and Christian, 48,- Gospels for Evanston, Ill., which they may commit them- 354. Protestant Episcopal, 47,729. Lutheran, 38,339. Hebrew, 32,405. Disciples of Christ, 13,921.

High School selves. The aim of the Mission Christian Science, 12,282. will be to make the strongest Latter Day Saints (Mormon), 11,- Through the cooperation of the possible presentation of Christ, 428. principal of the Evanston High and of what He means for the School, the Scripture League of life of the individual and of the It was found that in nine Evanston placed a Gospel of St. world. The Mission has been or- states it is illegal to inquire into John on the desk of each boy <and ganized under the chairmanship the religious preferences of stugirl in the different assembly of Dr. John A. Mackay, Presi- dents. -The Living Church. rooms, and the matter was dent of Princeton Theological briefly explained to them by the Seminary, who s e influential Mormons on Relief assembly teacher. They were leadership a m 0 n g thoughtful told that the acceptance of the Christians is recognized on all Statements appear from time book must be entirely voluntary sides. to time to the effect that the and that if they did not wish to Mormon Church has taken care keep it they could drop it in a Presbyterian Youth of its own relief problems durbox on their way out of the Conferences ing the depression, and since. A room. Less than 500 of the 3,000 Presbyterian missionary at Wa~ Gospels were refused. After An attempt to do something satch-Logan Academy calls this reading the Gospels through, al- on a national basis about Pres- "publicity" for the Latter Day byterian young people in their Saints, and says that 42 per cent of Mt. Pleasant-about 90 per most 400 signed the P. T. L. relationship to the United Chris- cent Mormon-is on government membership cards and received tian Youth Movement and to the relief; the situation in other their Testaments. The Scrip- Student Christian Movement parts of Utah is similar, or ture League reported that 361 takes form in plans for three worse. The state supervisor of marked "I accept Christ" on conferences in June and July, social work, a Mormon, by the

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

way, says that the Mormon in distant and islated places turn War Resisters Church does very little in this almost invariably to the mission- The War Resisters' Internaconnection. tional is pledged to refuse sup- aries for advice, for interpreters, port ,to any kind of war and to -Monday Morning. for hospitality. Thus the Chris- tian Church has its own sources work for the removal of all The Race Question of information, which on the causes of war. It has members whole are more complete and As a follow-up of last year's in sixty-eight countries, and in study of the American Negro, more trustworthy than any other twenty-five of these there are fifty-two organized groups. The two conferences of church wom- sources dealing with the same headquarters in London reports en have been held, one at Asbury class of facts. The nearest ap- Park, N. J., the other at Evans- proach to a General Headquar- that "open work is now absoton, Ill. Considerable attention ters for the world's Protestant lutely impossible" in Germany, was given to reports from de- churches is the International and that in Italy correspondence nominational representatives as Missionary Council, which deals can only be "erratic and carried to how far their groups had with what would be called in military parlance the expedi- on with great discretion." But progressed in their racial atti- tionary forces of the churches. the Peace Pledge Union in Great tudes, and the specific results of Britain has 127,000 members,- in -Presbyterian Tribune. five hundred groups with its their recent study. These re- own weekly newspaper. In the ports showed long standing in- Some Figures Do Not Lie United States there are 13,000 terest in the Negro, first as an members of the War Resisters' object of missionary endeavor, Churches uninterested in mis- League, and the movement con-. sions eventually die. The Watchnext as the center of a great man-Examin.er supports t his tinues to grow in numbers and moral controversy that split sev- effectiveness. The Bel g ian eral of the denominations, then theory with the following figures. Union Against War, an absolute as a hopeless freedman who In 1832 there were 3,000 anti- pacifist organization, includes needed education and leadership missionary and 3,000 missionary 75,000 members of the Flemish training, and finally the increas- Baptists in one state. Fifty Ex-Servicemen's Association and ing shift from simply doing years later there were still 3,000 things for the Negro to thinking anti-missionary Baptists, while 20,000 members of the Anti-Wal' of him as a fellow human being the missionary group had grown League.-Christian Advocate.

whose help is needed in the to 37,000. In North Carolina, building of a Christian America. Baptists divided in 1840 on mis- More Light on Old Testament. It was reported that Negroes are receiving greater recognition in sions. There were then 1,200 Knowledge of ancient empires: the administrative agencies of anti-missionary Baptists, and and peoples is being enlarged so. twice as many committed to mis- rapidly that facts which confirm most denominations; that equal sions. Fifty years later the the truth of the Bible are being. treatment of racial minorities is anti-missionary group had not required by many denominations increased in number, while the brought to light constantly. In when they hold official gather- missionary group had in their Egypt, Palestine and Mesopo.., ings; but that all these advances tamia, patient archeologists are are only a small beginning to- churches 300,000 members. unearthing information which ward better racial relations. World Preaching Mission renders rationalistic interpreta..

tions untenable. Sir Charles Dr. Jesse M. Bader, Director Marston and Sir Henry Well- MISOELLANEOUS of the National Preaching Mis- come are among those who have sion, announces a World Preach- not only contributed generously Missions-an Information ing Mission, with participation to various archreological expedi.,. Bureau The 25,000 missionaries sta- by all evangelical churches in all tions; but have recorded the tioned all over the world know lands, in 1940. Arrangements findings in a series of books. intimately the facts about the are well under way in some The latest of these is Sir Charles people among whom they labor, countries. Marston's new volume, "The and possess a mass of informa- Widespread interest, as great Bible Comes Alive." One of his tion far greater than that col- as that during the 1936 missions, most striking refutations of lected by news agencies, or by and a marked benefit to the criticism is in regard to the lit- governments. If the League of churches of all communions have erary ability possessed by the Nations, for example, wants to been reported from the eleven Israelites from the time of know exactly what the situation cities visited by the National Moses. He proves that so far is in regard to a mandated por- Preaching Mission last autumn. from being illiterate, they were tion of Africa, it often has to At every center the city's largest far superior to the nations turn to the missionaries to ob- auditorium was used for the around them, and had at least tain accurate and unbiased in- mass meetings, and in most in- three alphabetical scripts. Thus formation. Newspaper corre- stances it was completely filled the theory of oral transmissioq is set aside. spondents covering assignment on one or more days. Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~-======~==~~~======~=======I~ China Through a College Window. have yet to discover a portrait Miss Carmichael has the eye By William G. Sewell. 183 pp. of Mohammed anywhere in of an artist, the soul of a poet, a $1.00. Friendship Press, New York. China. • heart of love, the vision of a 1937. We recommend this book as a spirit-filled missionary and the The author of this delightful readable account of the funda- mind of Christ. Her book is mental changes taking place in filled with facts and incidentsbook is a well-known chemist in some grave and some gay-that Clrinese educational circles. Al- the youth of China today. though he gives the fictitious stir the reader and lead to a dename of "Ren I" for his univer- C. L. PICKENS. sire to share in such a vital, lifesity, the book very well describes "West China Union University" Windows. By Amy Carmichael. Il- giving work. The 36 pictures at Chengtu, Szechuan. lustrated. 8vo. 247 pp. Paper, 38. 6d.; cloth, 58. 6d. May be or- are unique and fascinating; the Prof. Sewell, who has been dered from Hope Church Sunday quotations are striking, but the connected with the Friends' School, St. Louis, Mo. 1937. deep impression is made by the Service Council since 1924, says, Real stimulus to faith and de- vastness of the spiritual need of "The sole design of the book is votion comes from this very at- the people of India. When we to portray life as it is lived today tractive, beautifully illustrated, hear the words, "the voice of among Chinese students in the spiritually impressive Dohnavur thy brother's blood crieth unto city removed from the extremes book. In it Miss Carmichael- me from the ground," we realof coastal influences." However, now on a bed of pain-tells how ize that our answer to that cry the fascinating pen sketches of "windows in heaven" have been opened to supply the needs- must be the message of the lifethe Chinese character, both an- giving blood of Christ. cient and modern, as portrayed in actual experience, makes the temporal and spiritual- of the "Ask and It Shall Be Given You." understanding of the changes in family of 700 children and work- By Ida Goepp Pierson. 8vo. 140 new China easily understood. This book gives an excellent ers connected with the various pp. $1.50. Wm. B. Eerdman Pub. view of Chinese life, and is more phases of the work at Dohnavur Co. Grand Rapids, Mich. 1937. readable than Lin Yu-tang's "My Country and My People," and the neighboring villages. Mrs. George P. Pierson was Here we learn much about this for forty years a faithful and which is a little heavy for steady remarkable work of faith and efficient praying missionary in reading. labor of love and its fruitage. Japan. Her husband testified We see rare photographic and that she was a woman of prayer T.he author's summing up of pen pictures that visualize the and knew from experience the the Christian approach to the scenes. We hear why they fact that God answers prayer. needed electric lights-not only Here are her Bible studies on student is commended to others. for the hospital work but to the subject. The book is not a He says: "The spiritual help avoid snakes; thirteen cobras logical treatise on prayer but they need is not gained through caught one afternoon-and rats Mrs. Pierson has gone over Bible study groups and religious -one hundred invaded a single many of the 255 prayers of the bathroom in a few weeks! The Old Testament and the 209 New services alone. What really mat- electric lights were given in an- Testament petitions to discover ters is the quality of life of those swer to prayer. There are many the subjects, the laws, and the who profess themselves Chris- stories of the hospital – "Place power of prayer. She includes tians; for right living is really of Heavenly Healing"; the res- interesting and suggestive obinfectious." cue of the little boys and girls servations on the unanswered from lives of sin and shame; the prayers of the Bible and on the There is one statement which "angel's weekly finance meet- prayers of God and evil people. should be challenged. On page ing"; the gifts offered by chil- It is interesting to note that no 41, Mr. Sewell says, "In his dren; the life in the nursery; prayers are recorded in Leviti- experiences in a haunted house; cus, Ruth, Esther, Ecclesiastes, simple bedroom he (the Chinese satanic attacks; fiery trials; Proverbs or Songs of Solomon. student) hangs pictures, not battles against ill-health; vic- Some books have even no referonly of Confucius and the Bud- tories. ence to prayer. Jesus' example dha, but also of Jesus Christ, Chwant Dze, Mohammed and the great ones of the world." We Any of the books noted In these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on. receipt of price.

[158 ]

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

A Definite Experience of Faith and Consecration Is Our Heritage Every Christian owes more to the past than the fact of a Christ who is our divine Lord~ The experiences of redeemed men are our most pre- cious heritage. In their hearts and lives have been demonstrated the evidences of the saving grace of the Son of God.

On May 24th more than 10,000,000 Methodists throughout the world are commemorating the Aldersgate experience of John Wesley, in which he uttered those words cherished by evangelical believers the world around, HI felt my heart strangely warmed."

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and teachings on prayer are will be deeply interested in the brief chapters Dr. Huizenga re- most fruitful. wealth and variety of the facts lates some of the high lights in The book offers an excellent cited and in what was said by the career of this missionary basis for further study. It is delegates from the various counstrictly biblical. tries. It is true that "much leader, and gives some of the water has flowed under the The appearance and clearness bridge" since August, 1936, but tributes paid at the time of his of the volume would be improved if the many Scripture quotations most of the contents of this vol- death in 1936. had been printed in a different ume is of abiding value. Our retype. gret are that it deals with the Going out in 1900, Mr. Brink "problems of the Pacific" as if labored at three strategic points, Tohatchi, Toadlena and Farm- ington, all on the New Mexico side of the broad expanse of the An Ambassador in Bonds. The Story they were solely social, economic Navaho reservation. At Farm- of William Henry Jackson, the and political, and with no ap- parent recognition of the sig~ ington, "L.P." saw "several of Blind Priest of Burma. By May C. Purser. 64 pp. 6d. S. P. G. nificance of the moral and spir- his long-cherished missionary London. ambitions realized . . . his itual forces that are operating translations come from the press The story of a consecrated and and the contribution of the and distributed in the field; his remarkably talented blind young Christian missionary enterprise. first native Navaho evangelist, Englishman, who made his phys- Something more is involved in J. C. Morgan, set aside by the ical handicaps count in service these "problems" than trade and Board for the work of the Lord; for his Master. The story is politics. ARTHUR J. BROWN. saw his proposed chain of mis- written by one who knew him as sion stations to reach all the out- a sister and an associate in The Land of Umbrellas. Lessons on lying Navahos of the reservation work. A missionary of the the Church in Burma. By Ruth accepted by the Synod." Henrich. Is. S.P.G. London. 1937. S.P.G., he gave his life to the Someone has called Brink blind of Burma, created a Bur- A missionary study book for "the Cadmus of the Navaho mese Braille type and estab- Juniors, comprising t wei v e tribe," as he is said to be the lished the school for the blind. studies on the work of the first to put the Navaho tongue Deeply appreciative of Burmese Church of England in Burma. music, poetry and national cus- It includes maps, a picture sheet, into writing. He compiled a toms, he adopted the national leader's helps, much fine illus- grammar and dictionary and translated portions of the Bible dress. The Government of In- trative material, and practical into a language which the Amerdia awarded him the Kaiser-i- project suggestions. While defi- Hind medal. Though living in nitely concerned with the work ican Bible Society designates as perpetual darkness, "there was of the Church of England in "a very complex language, with verb forms that can express an zest and joy in his living, and in Burma, the material is excellent, almost infinite variety of shades his dying there was no room for clearly and attractively pre- of meaning, in sounds that do tears." RUTH WILDER BRAISTED. sented, and would be helpful as not lend themselves readily to source material to any Junior representation in our English Problems of the Pacific, 19'36. Edited group studying Burma. alphabet." His translations by W. L. Holland and Kate L. RUTH WILDER BRAISTED. also included Gospel hymns.

Mitchell. $5.00. University of Today the Navaho youth are Chicl'.go Press, Chicago. 1937. Leonard Peter Brink. By Lee S. learning to read and understand The problems of the Pacific Huizenga. 66 pp. Cloth, 75 cents; the English Bible but they love have become world problems. paper, 50 cents. Zondervan Pub- to sing the hymns in their na- lishing House, Grand Rapids, Mich. They are increasingly difficult 1937. tive language. and ominous, and no solution is now in sight. This volume con- . Dr. Huizenga, himself a med- J. C. Morgan, a converted tains a large amount of informa- ical missionary and at one time Na-vaho and recognized leader tion upon certain phases of these in the Navaho field, tells the life among his people, who served problems. It is a summary of story of another missionary, under "L.P." for many years, the proceedings of the Sixth who spent thirty-five years as a gives a fitting tribute to this Conference of the Institute of pioneer among the Navahos, Gospel messenger to the Red Pacific Relations, held in Yosem- and was known to his friends Men: "The great success of his ite National Park, in August, and admirers by the familiar missionary work among the 1936. The sub-title, "Aims and sobriquet of "L.P." Dr. Henry Navahos can be summed up in a Results of Social and Economic Beets, a pioneer in Christian few words: Meekness, kindness, Policies in Pacific Countries," in- work of the Christian Reformed honesty and unselfishness. He dicates both the scope and the Church, writes an Introduction. was never too busy to sit down and talk with the Indians . . .

limitations of the volume. The "L.P." was a veteran of the by the hour, . . . about their "countries" referred to are the Cross, and a constant source of affairs in general, and finally.

United States, China, Japan and inspiration to young and old, to end up with some Gospel mes- Russia. The student of missions Indians and whites. In eight sage." G. E. E. LINDQUIST.

for the

The Federal Council offers this DOES YOUR MINISTER TAKE prayer for mercy, grace and peace: CHURCH Almighty God, our Father, from MANAGEMENT I whom every family in heaven and earth is named, hear our prayer for Thy children in other lands who live in the midst of conflict and death, who UFound in Pro.peroru Churcha" are wounded in spirit or in body by If not, have a subscription entered in his man's inhumanity to man. Have mercy upon them and sustain them in name or the name of the church. their dark hour of trial and tempta- It will pay big dividends. tion. Forgive us our 'indolence and faithlessness in not teaching nations $2.50 per year CHURCH MANAGEMENT a better way than strife. Purge our 2 years, $4.00 Auditorium Building Cleveland, Ohio .own hearts of racial and national an- tagoonGisomdso. f love, draw us all so close the present American Standard Edi- China Through a College Window. unto Thyself that we may be enabled tion of the Bible in the light of the Wm. G. Sewell. 183 pp. $1.00. by Thy Grace to pr'tl. for our enemies resUlts of modern scholarship, this re- Friendship Press. New York. as did Christ himse , to put away all 'vision to be designed for use in public malice, and to subdue the hateful and private worship, and to be in the Eclipse in Ethiopia. Esme Ritchie promptings of evil. So may our fel- direction of the simple, classic Eng- Rice. 124 pp. 40 cents. Marshall, lowship within Thy Church Universal lish style of the King James Version. Morgan & Scott. London. endure in spite of distance, falsehood and bloodshed. The work is :to begin at once, The Open Door in China. A Scrip- Gather us together with all our and will require about five years tural Interpretation of Missio'ns by Christian brothers of every tongue for completion. a Missionary. M. A. Hopkins. 189 and nation beneath the Cross of -Christian Observer. pp. 35 cents. R. C. Annan, 2813 Christ, that in humility we may learn Mary St., St. Joseph, Mo.

Problems of the Pacific. Edited by of Him how to serve Thee in healing W. L. Holland and Kate L. Mitchell. the wounds of a stricken world. En- $5.00. University of Chicago. Chilarge our hearts to respond to suffer- New Boole. cago, Ill. ing and need that we may give and Religion in Central America. 147 pp. not count the cost. "Ask and It Shall Be Given You." $2.00 or 58. World Dominion Press. Ida Goepp Pierson. 140 pp. $1.50. New York and London. May Thy wisdom guide us. May Wm. B. Eerdman. Grand Rapids, Thrilling Voices of the Past. T. Thy power sustain us. And may Thy Mich. Christie Innes. 150 pp. 28. 6d. love keep us ever. Amen.

New Version of Bible Planned Der Arbeitslohn in China (in Ger- Pickering & Inglis. London. The Interna.tional Council of man). Paul Arndt, Djini Shen and The Missionary Education of Adults. Chu-Fen Lo. Paper, -'1.50 RMi; Religious Education is an or- cloth, 9 RM. Hans Buske, Leipzig, John Leslie Lobingier. 182 pp. ganization of about forty Protes- Germany. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 80 cents. Mistant denominations which are sionary Education ~vement. New cooperating in matters affecting Arab and lew in Prophecy and His- York. tory. C. H. Titterton. 32 pp. 6d. Goforth of China. By Rosalind Go- Pickering & Inglis. London. forth. 364 pp. $2.00. Zondervau.

Christian religious education. Pub. House. Grand Rapids, Mich.

In 1929, this Council appointed ~n Unusual GJ'Xew <lIoolr on the Christ the Life. D. M. McIntyre. 93 a committee, composed of well- pp. lB. Pickering & Inglis. Lonknown scholars, to explore the DistinctWe TTUth 0fClaristiani,.,t don. need of a further revision of the text of the American Standard The Resurred:ion of A Black Civilization: A Social Study version of the Bible. It agreed of an Australian Tribe. W. Lloyd that the last forty years has been the Human Body Warner. 612 pp. $5. Harper. New York. 168. Macmillan. Lon- don.

especially fruitful in the discov- by The Christian Approach It,o. I eW8. eryof manuscript materials of- Charles Singer. 30 pp. fering new resources for the NORMAN H. CAMP & Unwin. London. Allen better understanding of the New Testament. They reported: Author of Thinking With God, etc. The Wailing Wall. Olga Levertoss. 136 pp. 38. 6d. Mowbray. London. That we record the conviction that I s CHRIST now living in a human there is need for a version which em- body of flesh and bones? Where? Christian Faith and the Modern bodies the best results of modern Will the bodies of all dead men be State. Nils Ehrenstrom. Tra'ns. scholarship as to the meaning of the raised from the grave? When? Can by D. Patrick and O. Wyon. 2(1).- Scriptures, and expresses this mean- Christians distinguish between truth pp. 68. Student Christian Move- 'ing in English diction which is de- and error? How? These and other ment. London. signed for use in public and private vital questions considered in this timely worship, and preserves those qualities book on the outstanding message of World Peace and Christian Missions. which have given to the King James the early Church. Harold E. Fey. 64 pp. 25 cents. Version a supreme place in English Friendship Press. London. literature. We, therefore, define the Bound in blue cloth, stamped in gold; task of the American Standard Bible 127 pages; attractive two-color jacket; Race Attitudes in South Africa: Committee to be that of revision of 75 cents. Order Your Copy Now! Historical, Experimental and Psy- cholOgical Studies. I. D. MacCrone. The Bible Institute Colportage Association 328 pp. 128. 6d. Oxford Univer- 848 North Well. Street, Chic:ago sity Press. London.

LIFE OF GEORGE BOWEN, OF

By ROBERT E. SPEER This is the biography of a very remarkable Christian missionary to India and for twenty years the influential and able editor of the Bombay Guardian. Dr. J. Sumner Stone called him, "The White Yogi."

When George Bowen died in 1888 there was call for a worthy biography but its preparation was . delayed. Later all the biographical material-including his diaries, letters, reminiscences, and the books and pamphlets of which he was author-was turned over to Dr. Speer. This material has now been put into shape for publication and the result is a frank and stimulating picture of the man,-his experiences, unique character, forceful views and methods of work. Here is a life story that is of absorbing interest and will richly reward the thoughtful reader. The book is now ready for delivery.

CONTENTS I. Family of George Bowen. XI. A Decisive Year, 1849. II. Boyhood and Youth. XII. From 1850 to 1855. III. Three Years Abroad. XIII. Ten Years of Independent Work. IV. Life in New York, 1840·1844. XIV. The Bombay Guardian. V. Illumination of a Hopeless Love. XV. Relations with the American Board. VI. Conversion to Christianity. XVI. Association with the Methodist Church. VII. At Union Theological Seminary. XVII. Bowen as a Writer. VIII. His Missionary Appointment. XVIII. Correspondence with Henry W. Rankin. IX. The Voyage to India, 1847. XIX. Closing Testimony. X. Beginning Missionary Work.

This latest work by Dr. Speer may be ordered at $2.50 per copy from THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY IS6 Fifth Avenue, New York 11fE MISSIONARY ~RID This illustrated evangelical missionary monthly will keep readers in touch with the need of men for Christ and His Gospel and relates graphically the story. of the progress of missionary work in all lands.

$2.50 a year; 25 cents a copy Among the coming articles are the following: How CAN WE IMPROVE MISSIONARY ADMINISTRATION? ………… William Paton THE MOVEMENT FOR WORLD CHRISTIANITY …………… '" ….. Julius Richter ENCOURAGEMENTS IN THE EVANGELIZATION OF MOSLEMS …………. George Swan BLACK AND WHITE IN SOUTH AFRICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kenneth G. Grubb SHOULD THE MISSIONS WITHDRAW FROM INSTITUTIONAL WORK? …. Baez Camargo THE MINISTER AND MISsiONARY EDUCATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. H. Arnup MISSIONS IN A REALISTIC WORLD ………………… , … '" ….. H. B. DAVIES MANSUR SANG-CHRISTIAN DERVISH …………………… J. CHRISTY WILSON PROSECUTING THE GoSPEL IN BRAZIL ……………………….. E. doAmarol LOOKING BACK ON OUR FURLOUGH …………………..•……. Roy Phillips TWO NEW TWELVE-MONTH SUBSCRIPTIO~S WILL BE SENT FOR $4.00 MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO., Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa.

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The Missionary Review of the World — July 1935

" JULY

NARY RID Hitler and the Jews……A Christian View Conrad Hoffmann, Jr.

Christian Youth and aNew America RoyA. Burkhart The Spiritual Condition .of the Heathen Henry W.Frost Taking the Gospel to the Dyaks .

David Clench TheYounger Men's Missionary Congress Mills J. Taylor Experiences on the Mosquito Coast Kenneth 'Grubb ,Pioneering Work in Madagascar w. Kendall Gale 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Yea,.

WINNETKA Personal

Waenever EXTENSION SCHOOL Bishop J. H. Linton, of Isfahan, the Call comes from FOR CHILDREN Iran (Persia), a missionary bishop of EAST OF SUEZ PROVIDES GUIDANCE AND ALL the Church of England for over fif- MATERIALS FOR TEACHINfil YOUNG teen years, is returning to England, sail by having been appointed by the .l:Sishop CHILDREN AT HOME of BIrmingham to the rectory of p&O Handsworth, in succession to Canon It offers complete instruction for W. J. Lyon. The loss of Bishop Lin- To whatever part of the East the work the tirst six grades of school, using of the Faith may take you ••• Cunard self-instructive, self-correcting ma- ton to Iran will be greatly felt as he White Star and P & 0 combine to terials designed for individual prog- has been a leader in the evangelization make the way easy. You cross to ress. Curriculum, methods and of Moslems and in movements toward England by the largest fleet on the materials have been developed in Atlantic ••• then sail eastward on the the Winnetka Public Schools under • • • uniting evangelical mission work. new s.s. Strathnaver or s. s. Strathaird direction of outstanding educators. Prof. Hachiro Yuasa, of the Imor any other fast luxurious P&O liners. perial University at Kyoto, has been Thus you use throughout the two For details about the special service elected and installed as President of Lines preferred by travelers since for children of foreign missionaries, Doshisha University, Kyoto, founded 1840 ••• on the Indian and Pacific by Joseph Hardy Neesima. The new as well as the Atlantic oceans. Tra- write to president is a graduate of Doshisha ditions of seamanship and service that and has received degrees from three have endured for nearly a century, THE WINNETKA EXTENSION SCHOOL American institutions. He is a third are your assurance of a safe and generation Christian, his grandmother supremely comfortable voyage. HORACE MANN SCHOOL and his father having been baptized by Dr. Neesima. Dr. Yuasa is also PEN INS ULARAN D 0RlENTAL WINNETKA •• ILLINOIS chairman of the Board of Trustees of AND the Kyoto Y. M. C. A. BRITISH INDIA Dates to Remember Rev. Ladislau•s H• ar*sanyi, pastor of STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANIES July 2-7-lnternational Christian En- deavor Convention, Philadelphia, the First Magyar Church, New York P & 0 liners sail regularly from London to Pa. City, has been awarded the service pin Egypt, Sudan and the Persian Gulf, to India, of the Presbyterian Board of National Burma and Ceylon, to the Straits Settle. August 7-12 – World Convention of Missions for 25 years of service it' ments, China and Japan. to Australia and the Disciples of Christ, Leicester, that Board's work in his present field. New Zealand, East and South Africa, England. Mauritius, etc. Convenient through book· *•• ings at attractively low fares can be arranged August H-I8-Foreign Missions Week Mr. Albert Griffith AdaDls, of the by your local travel agent or any office of of the Southern Baptist Convention West Africa Mission of the Presby- Cunard White Star Line. in the Blue Ridge Mountains on terian Church in the Cameroun, has Compkteinformationfrom YourLocalAgentor the Southern Baptist Assembly been honored by the French Govern- Grounds, Ridgcrest. North Carolina. ment with the "Order of the Black CUNARD WHITE STAR Star of Benin." This is the highest August 12-18-World Alliance for In- honor of the Government given in GENERAL AGENTS ternational Friendship Through the Africa, and is conferred because of Churches. Geneva, Switzerland. 25 Broadway New York 638 Fifth Ave. • • Mr. Adams' financial ability. August 18-22 – Universal Christian Council for Life and Work. Geneva, • – – Switzerland. – – – – Dr. John Henry House, for sixty- four years a missionary under the Summer Oonferences and American Board in the Balkan States Schools of Missions of Europe, celebrated his 90th anni- versary on May 28th. Thirty years Bethesda, Ohio. July 29-August 2. ago, Dr. House founded the Thesso- Miss Mary I. Scott, 810 Tomlinson loni~a Agricultural and Industrial In- Ave., Moundsville, W. Va. stitute of which he is president emeritus. This is also known as the Chautauqua, New York. August 18- American Farm School and is located 24. Institute of World Missions, near Salonika, Greece. He still re- Mrs. F. C. Reynolds, 809 Woodlawn sides there and his birthday anniver- Road, Roland Park, Baltimore, Md., sary was celebrated with the aid of Chairman. U. S. Minister McVeigh, the British Consul and representatives of the Eaglesmere, Pa. June 26-July 8. Cor. Greek Government. Sec.-Mrs. Edith C. Ashton, 1989 Grant Ave., Bustleton, Philadelphia, George Walk•er •Bu*ckner, Ji, has Pa. become editor of World Call, to suc- Houston, Teg;as. October 28-Novem- ceed Harold E. Fey. Dr. Buckner is ber 1. Mrs. E. B. Mohle, 2809 Rob- the youngest son of a minister of the inhood, Houston, Texas. Disciples of Christ.

Minnesota (Minneapolis – St. Paul). John Buchan*, an* * in the Pres- September 16-23. Mrs. A. F. Au- guster, 1586 Van Buren St., St. elder Paul, Minn. byterian Church of Scotland, has been appointed Governor-General of Can- Mountain Lake Park, Maryland. July 81-August 6. MrS. B. H. Sin- ada, the first commoner to fill that cell, 108 2d St., Oakland, Md. post. * * "" Nort1r.field, Massachusetts. JUly 5-18. Mra. Virgil B. Sease, Parlin, N. J. Dr. Friedrich Siegmund-Schultze. formerly a professor in the University Warren, Ohio. September 17 and 24. Mrs. Goo. Konold, 814 Scott St., of Berlin, director of the East Berlin N. E., Waqen, Ohio. (Concluded on 3d cOl1er.)

MISSIONARY

REVIEW OF THE WORLD DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor VOL. LVIII JULY, 1935 No.7 PUblication and Business 01llce– .."A Wonderful Help EMPRESS EXPRESS Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. TO THE ORIENT onThe Foreign Field" Editorial and Executive 01llce– YOKOHAMA IN 10 FAST DAYS by 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. The School That Comes to You… By Mail! the Direct Express Route. Go on Entered as second-class matter at the sister-ships, Empress of Asia "Your school is a wonderful help here on or Empress of Russia. Ports-of-call: Post 01llce, Harrisburg, Pa., under the foreIgn held and I am so hal?PY to have Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, Shang- Act of March 3, 1879. my chIldren so well educated, . Writes a hai, Hong Kong, and Manila. parent whose children are studying Calvert 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. Courses in far off China. Take 3 more days and go by way Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. For 28 years, Calvert School has had a part of Honolulu on the fast Empress Published monthly, except August. in educating the children of famIlies in of Japan or the Empress of Canada. All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. Missionary work . . . in giving them the INEXPENSIVE ROUND·TRIP FARES. British agents – Marshall, Morgan rich, cultural background of an American Go by distinguished First Class or and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, private school. comfortable Tourist Class. Still London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, No matter where your mission, Calvert lower Summer round-trip fares to 10 shillings a year. School will come to you with complete the Orient. Low-cost Third Class. courses of instruction for your children FREQUENT SAILINGS from Van- MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- from kindergarten to high school age. couver (trains to ship-side) and LISHING CO., INC. All lessons, books, stationery and special Victoria. Orient fares include pas- Calvert educational devices are supplied sage to and from Seattle. California BOARD OF DIRECTORS from our prominent and successful prIvate sailings meet "Empresses" at day school in Baltimore. Honolulu. ROBERT E. SPEER, President These simple, understandable, moderately • Also, •• low-cost World Tours. WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President priced Home Instruction Courses are a BOOKLETS frOffiYOUROWN AGENT WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer unique and satisfactory way of solving your or Canadian Pacific: New York, DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary child's educational problem in the foreign Chicago, San Francisco, and 34 held. other cities in the U. S. and Canada. SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD Lessons Mav Be Started at Anv Time WM. B. LIPPHARD Write today. Get full information about ERIC M. NORTH Calvert-"The School That Comes to JESSE R. W'ILBON You." See what Calvert is doing for A. L. W ARNBHUIB others . • • it will do the same for your SAMUEL M. ZWEMER —– children. ———– Editorial Chat CALVERT SCHOOL The special Home Mission (June) number of THE REVIEW has already Mrs. O. S. Rhoads made a hit. Orders are being filled as Director of Home InstTUCtion promptly as possible as long as the 187 W. Tuscanv Road supply lasts. We cannot reprint a BALTIMORE, MARYLAND new edition. Please order now. Name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ *** Address Since we do not issue an August E, Diffendorfer, John Ritichie and REVIEW this July issue is larger and others – missionaroies, executives, contains a rich and varied program. travelers and authors. Why not order Many of our readers will not wish to extra copies now? miss a 'word of it. Will you pass on copies and recommend them to your [321 ] friends? This will make them your debtors and will promote interest in Christ's work in all lands.

*** We deeply appreciate the many kind references to THE REVIEW and editorial commendations that appear from time to time in contemporary magazines at home and abroad. All who are living to exalt Christ and are working to advance His cause, can accomplish this end best by working in close and sympathetic fellowship with Him and with each other. There can be no selfish rivalry among Christians.

*** The September REVIEW will have a rich table of contents with articles on the present situation and progress in Turkey, Africa, China, Japan, Korea and America. Do not miss your copy by a failure to notify us of any change of address.

The Latin Am* er*ica*number of THE REVIEW will be out about October 1st. The articles include very informing and stimulating papers by Latin Americans and by such well-known authorities as John A. Mackay, Webster E. Browning, S. G. Inman, Ralph

by Kenneth Grubb PhotogrOJphy by Kenneth

TRAVELING ON ONE OF THE TYPICAL ROADS IN HONDURAs A GLIMPSE OF THE CAPITAL OF HONDURAS-NOT ON THE RAILWAY REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVIII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 7 JULY, 1935 Topics of the Times A PEACE MESSAGE FROM JAPAN understand the problems and difficulties confront- Missionaries of Christ are true peacemakers. ing the Oriental peoples, to remove all sources of True Christians are one the world over. They friction and misunderstanding for which our namay not be able immediately to change govern- tion may be responsible, and particularly to cultiment policies or to control moral conditions, to vate attitudes that will spurn any suggestion of correct economic and social evils or to establish seeking solutions of our problems by means other true Christian educational methods, but they seek than the employment of peaceful diplomacy. We to live in harmony with the Will of God and at plead for the will to peace. peace with fellow Christians. A recent letter (April 20th) has come from missionaries in Japan "With a solemn sense of our responsibility as to fellow Christians in America. It is, in part, Christian Americans in Japan, and in the light of as follows: our intimate knowledge of the Japanese people, we declare our conviction that the cause of peace "As Americans living in Japan we find our- and mutual welfare will be served if our fellow selves in a position of peculiar privilege. To the American citizens resolutely and conscientiously rich heritage of our own citizenship, there is added consider the following proposals: the wealth of life and friendship with another (1) To study with care the laws proposed in our legisnation. Our experience has deepened our. appre- lative assemblies, or already on the statute books, that ciation of both peoples and has convinced us that bear upon our relations with foreign countries, and more priceless benefits will continue to flow naturally particularly to remove the aspects of our Immigration Act which offend the self-respect of Oriental peoples; from growing intimacy and cooperation between (2) To condemn the subversive propaganda against forthem. For the historical friendship between eign countries frequently appearing in certain of our Japan and the United States is not a mere phrase; ne(;fa~~r~~ing to bear the force of Christian principles it is a fact which rests upon deep sentiment, mu- upon the foreign policies of our government; tually advantageous commercial interests, and for- (4) To support our government in every effort to avoid tunate geographical positions. This relationship giving offense to friendly nations by such incidents as inhas the additional advantage of being enlivened discreet declarations on the part of public officials, naval by differing but complementary cultures. Ob- manreuvers on the borders of friendly powers, and other provocative gestures of force; viously only a structure of peace should rest upon (5) To encourage our government 00 take the lead in such a foundation. disarmament proposals which, while protecting legitimate . "In saying this we would not ignore differences national interests, shall eventuate in reduction of armain point of view on some vital issues. Such differences are I.neVI·table bet ween st rong andas·pIrm. g ments to police status; nations but they should be made stepping stones (6) To cherish the faith that peace can be won and to mutual respect and cooperation through the workings of enlightened statesmanship and the maintained wherever men of good will unite in sacrificial diplomacy of peace. . . . and intelligent cooperation, and to encourage the round- table method of solving the complex but by no means in- "However, in the presence of forces which, if soluble problems now confronting the nations in East Asia; unchecked, may easily endanger this long record (7) To reenforce our government in every possible way of unbroken peace, we would urge our friends in in a policy of cooperation with other nations through the the United States to redouble their efforts to International Labor Office, the World Court, and all other effective agencies for world regeneration. We believe that the entry of the United States into the League of Nations would greatly contribute to the maintenance of peace in [323 ]

East Asia, removing a serious obstacle to Japan's return partment undertook the enforcement of the revenue act to the League, and encouraging her cooperation 'in all in- of May, 1934, the cases began to come in again under the ternational affairs. revenue procedure. . . . The increase in practically all kinds of crime has carried us beyond the estimate. In "We would stress the need of forbearance and other words, the lag we were expecting to get through the sympathetic understanding of the spiritual aspira- repeal of prohibition did not matlerialize. tions and material needs of all the Oriental peopies; we urge the exercise of a fearless and en- If prohibition does not "prohibit," even more lightened conscience in the discernment and sup- is it true that licensing the manufacture and sale port of the moral principles involved. We believe of alcoholic drinks does not decrease crime or the in facing these problems upon the plane of Chris- cost of law enforcement. The Department of tian love rather than that of materialistic self- Justice also states that there has been no decrease interest. We assure our fellow-Americans of the in the number of prisoners since the repeal and presence of this spirit and point of view among that "appropriations must be increased to provide many of our Japanese friends, both Christian and for more inmates in penal and correctional instinon-Christian, and we pledge ourselves to work to tutions." the end that in the critical issues before us the advocates of reason and peace on both sides of the It is encouraging on the other hand to note the Pacific may speak the final word." number of Christian educational and welfare agencies that are studying the situation and are ALCOHOL AND CRIME endeavoring to cope with the problem through the introduction of scientific instruction and char- The use of intoxicants is not the only or the acter-building programs. The "Allied youth chief cause of crime and immorality. The lack of Movement" and similar organizations are workhigh ideals, defects in modern education, unwhole- ing diligently to enlist the youth of the country some home and family life, a dominating desire in promoting moral and spiritual strength and to to gratify selfish instincts, and above all a disre- increase true patriotism and the observance of gard for God and the supreme claims of Jesus the laws of God and of the State. Christ are the real causes of weakness and deterioration in individuals and in society today. ALL-INDIA CHRISTIAN CONFERENCE At the same time sociological studies reveal the The Christians in any land, because of their fact that increase in the use of intoxicating drinks high ideals, their general intelligence and strength promotes disease, crime and immorality. Alcohol of character, should be able greatly to influence as a beverage lowers resistance, weakens inhibi- legislation and standards of conduct in the country tions, interferes with judgment and takes away of which they are citizens. The difficulty is that self-control. Physicians and police officers declare they cannot unite on a course of action or that that even one drink is enough to incapacitate a many of them fail to stand strongly for Christian man or a woman for safe driving of an automo- principles when the test comes in regard to public bile. There is good reason why locomotive engi- questions. The acceptance of Christian standards neers are forbidden to use intoxicants and yet plus Christian unity may accomplish wonders in their engines run on rails! The number, freedom national and international life, under the guidance and power of the modern motor cars make it es- of God. sential that every driver have all his mental and physical powers under perfect control. Men and The recent All-India Christian Conference is an women do many foolish and hurtful things when example of how Indian Christians are getting tostrong drink has taken away or lessened their gether in an effort to make their united voice felt powers of calm judgment and self-control, giving in Indian life. This conference met at Moradain their place false courage and greater disregard bad, April 19th and 20th, with delegates from for results. United Provinces, Bombay, Panjab,' Behar and Orissa, and Madras. The president was Dewan Advocates of the repeal of prohibition stated Bahadur A. Appadural PiIIari of Madras and the that crime would decrease with the return of general secretary is Mr. Behari Lal Rallia Ram. license. As a matter of fact the Department of Justice states that crime is increasing since the Among the resolutions adopted by the conferrepeal. Jails and prisons are overcrowded-very ence were the following: largely as a result of strong drink. Mr. Sanford Bates, Director of the Bureau of Prisons, stated 1. An appeal to the viceroy to grant amnesty to a subcommittee of the House of Representatives to political prisoners not guilty of violence. . Committee on Appropriations (March 4, 1935) : 2. A resolution urging the substitution of the There was a great decrease in liquor offenses which con- term "Backward Classes" for "Depressed Classes" tinued through the repeal. As soon as the Treasury De- as more in harmony with the Christian spirit. The conference urged that all agencies and or- ganizations make every effort to remove all so-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

cial, economic and educational disabilities from years ago); the Church of England Zenana Mis- which some Indians suffer on account of their sionary Society, with seven missionaries (opened ancestry, occupation or residence. The United thirty-four years ago); the Christian and Mis- Provinces Association has successfully appealed sionary Alliance of New York withdrew its mis- to the Government to call a conference on the sionaries from Chaman a few years ago.

education of village Christians and to avoid re- There has been practically nothing done for the ferring to converts from "Backward Classes" by people of other districts in Baluchistan, most of their old caste titles in public returns and docu- whom are either Sunni Moslems (735,000) or ments. Hindus (55,000). Christians number about 7,000 3. The conference suggested better cooperation and Sikhs 8,000.

between Roman Catholics and Indian Protestants, No word has yet been received as to the fate of on questions of general public welfare, through the missionaries. It is reported that the city of the appointment of a joint committee of fourteen. Quetta will not be rebuilt.

This committee would deal with civic and other matters affecting the Indian community as a YOUTH CONGRESS IN PHILADELPHIA whole. An "interdenominational youth congress" is 4. The conference expressed its conviction that what Christian Endeavorers call their coming in- ternational convention which is to meet July 2-7. the "Government of India Bill," now being en- In the societies represented in the Philadelphia acted in the British Parliament, fails to give ade- County Christian Endeavor Union are seven thouquate recognition to the Indian Christian com- sand young people and within a radius of five hunmunity and that this bill should contain a declara- dred miles live approximately one-third of the tion in favor of guaranteeing the fundamental Christian Endeavor members of North America. rights to every citizen in the full exercise of his The meetings will be held in the civic Convention religious beliefs and of the rights of minorities. Hall which has thirty or more conference rooms for sections of the day-time program and an audi- 5. The conference also called attention to the torium seating several thousands for evening need for revising the Indian Christian Marriage mass meetings. Among the speakers announced Act of 1872 since under that Act an Indian Chris- for the Philadelphia convention are Dr. Robert tian girl is placed under great disadvantage if E. Speer, missionary statesman; Dr. Norman V. she marries a man whose religion entitles him to Peale, of the Reformed Church in America; Dr. be governed by his own personal laws. Oscar W. Blackwelder, a Lutheran leader from Washington; Dr. Lynn Harold Hough, a Meth- Christians in every land recognize that their odist preacher and educator, Drew Theological true "citizenship is in Heaven" but they cannot Seminary; Dr. Daniel A. Poling, editor of Christherefore escape from the responsibility for tian Herald and president of the World's Chrisunitedly seeking to make the laws of the land in which they live more in harmony with the eternal laws of God and the Spirit of Jesus Christ.

THE EARTHQUAKE IN BALUCHISTAN tian Endeavor Union; Dr. Edwin T. Dahlberg, a Baptist clergyman from St. Paul, Minnesota; Miss Quetta, the capital of Baluchistan, northwest Margaret Slattery, widely known author and a of India, has been completely destroyed by an popular speaker to young people; Hon. Lester H.

earthquake (May 31) with the loss of over 40,000 Clee, D.D., Newark clergyman who is speaker of lives in the earthquake zone – including at least the New Jersey House of Representatives; Dr.

200 Britishers. Louis Evans, Presbyterian minister of Pitts- Baluchistan has an area of 134,638 square burgh; Dr. Abram E. Cory, Director of the Pen- miles and a population of 800,000; the British sion Fund of the Disciples of Christ; Dr. Norman administered territory includes 54,228 square E. Richardson, a leader in religious education; miles with a population of about 425,000. The Dr. William Hiram Foulkes, Newark, leader in city of Quetta, beautifully situated in the moun- international religious projects; Dr. Roy A. Burk- tains, had a population of about 60,000. British hart, Columbus, Ohio, youth leader; Dr. Samuel troops and government officials were stationed at W. Hughes, of London, secretary of the National Quetta, and here the Royal Air Force headquarters Free Church Council of Great Britain; Dr. James were entirely destroyed, as well as practically all Kelly, of Glasgow, general secretary of the World's the houses in the civil area. The cities of Kalat Sunday School Association; Harry N. Holmes, and Mastung were greatly damaged as were all international Christian leader in peace move- the villages between Kalat and Quetta. ments; Bishop M. H. Davis of the African Meth- The only Protestant Christian missionary work odist Episcopal Church; and the Rev. and Mrs.

in Baluchistan is that conducted by the Church Vere W. Abbey, secretaries of the Christian En- Missionary Society in Quetta (opened thirty-five deavor Union of India and Burma. More than

seventy young people and leaders of young people such a thing as personal conviction of sin. Now, for many, will compose the faculty of the daily school of the sin is rather a misfortune than a fault. Conviction of sin, convention, where young people will discuss timely if it comes, seems'to result from a study of the social issues in many phases of church and community wrongs rather than from a sense of personal sin. service. "We Choose Christ" is the general theme of the convention. 4. Forty-three years ago, the Bible was regarded by Christian students as the Word of God. Now it is regarded Several hundred delegates are expected to ac- by some as merely containing the Word of God, and each company President Poling and Mr. and Mrs. undergraduate may decide for himself what parts of it Abbey to the World's Christian Endeavor Con- are the Word of God. The result is that there is a lack of vention in Budapest, Hungary (August 2-7). faith in the absolute trustworthiness of the sacred Scrip- "Thy Kingdom Come" is the theme of the World's tures. Convention, at which a delegation of eight hundred is expected from Great Britain, with large 5. Forty;-three years ago, doubt was regarded with representation from Germany and delegates from alarm, now sometimes there is a danger of placing a pre- Northern Italy and the missions fields. mium on doubt. Our Lord did not congratulate Thomas on being so clever as tp doubt His resurrection. Of course UNIVERSITY STUDENTS TODAY we should not favor credulity; we ought to have a reason for the faith that is in us. Dr. Robert P. Wilder, known and beloved by many as the founder of the Student Volunteer 6. Today the presentation of Christian truth to uni- Movement and a tireless worker for Christ among versity men and women is, much more "highbrow" than it students in India, Europe, America and the Near used to be forty years ago. The appeal in those days was East, has recently visited British universities to the will more than to the intellect. The appeal now under the auspices of the Inter-Varsity Fellow- seems to be largely to the intellect. Jesus said, "If any ship. These conferences have produced effective man willeth to do His (the Father's) will, he shall know results in the deepening of spiritual life and the of the teaching." presentation of the call to Christian missionary services. Many workers among students today need to be re- minded of the words of Christ, "Except ye be converted It was forty-three years ago that Dr. Wilder and become as little children, ye cannot enter the Kingdom first visited the British universities for the pur- of Heaven." Many today join groups to discuss about the pose of helping to enlist students as volunteers for Bible rather than to study the book itself. missions. The changes that have taken place in Christian program in the universities in the past 7. During my first visit to Great Britain, missionary forty-three years are significant. He says in a addresses were usually based on the Bible as giving the recent issue of the Inter-Varsity Magazine: charter for the work. The need of the non-Christian lands was explained. Now speakers frequently appeal to their • 1. When I first visited the British universities, there audiences on the political, industrial and social needs of were in the main only three objects emphasized: humanity. Christ is so presented as the fulfilment of all that is good in non-Christian faiths that some students (1) To win fellow students to a personal faith in Jesus think that while He is the best way to God, He is not the Christ; only way.

(2) To build them up in Christ by prayer and by Bible In my recent tour one was much encouraged by the size study for personal spiritual growth; of the audiences. Thank God there were some conversions and several believers were deepened in their faith in (3) To encourage them to go forth as workers for Christ. In England, Ireland and Scotland it was a joy Christ into needy places at home and abroad. to find liberals present at many of the meetings. At the Guildhall in Cambridge there were 800 to 1,000 students Now the Christian undergraduate is expected to study present and there were some real spiritual results followsocial problems; to align himself with peace movements; ing that meeting. to study economic, racial and international problems, and to work for the unity of the Church. In the pressure of It is a joy to see so many students coming back to the these various interests which compete for his attention, "Morning Watch" and personal evangelism which were so the three primary objects are frequently lost sight of. prominent forty years ago. Undergraduates today have no more time for extra curriculum activities than they had forty-three years ago. Much the same comparison can be drawn be- tween American students-even professing Chris- 2. Forty-three years ago there was a strong belief tians-today and those of forty years ago. They among Christian undergraduates that those who are not are less concerned with their own eternal welfare saved are really lost. There are today a number of stu- and that of others all over the world; they are indents who feel that to mention hell is "bad form." The terested in social, economic and political probfuture destiny of one who lives an evil life had better not lems and methods-almost to the exclusion of the be discussed, is the feeling of many. The power of student religious and spiritual; they are prone to accept leaders like D. L. Moody lay largely in their conviction as their code the prevailing customs, standards that those who are not saved are really lost. St. Paul and philosophy of men even when these contradict "warned men night and day with tears" because he knew the Word of God as revealed in Christ and th~ their real condition. Bible. But there are encouraging signs of a re- turn to Christian faith and practice. Modern 3. Forty-three years ago Christian undergraduates knew materialism and humanism have failed to solve present-day problems and there is a growing con- sciousness of need for superhuman wisdom and power to guide human thought and destinies.

and the Jews-A Christian

By CONRAD HOFFMANN, Jr., New York I Director of the International Missionary Council's Committee }Be- on the Christian Approach to the Jews THE phenomenal rise to power of Adolf Hitler, As a result of this defeat, revolution broke out his anti-Semitism, and most recently, his de- in Germany overthrowing the monarchy and re- cision to rearm, the Versailles Treaty pro- placing it by a republican form of government, hibitions notwithstanding, have made him Eu- for which the German people were not prepared rope's post-war surprise package or Jack-in-the- either by temperament or training. They were Box. Few people ever expected him actually to monarchists and not republicans. Civil war con- become Germany's "Fuehrer." Even those whose tinued more or less well into the spring of 1919, authority and judgment we respected and trusted when the terms of the Versailles Peace Treaty predicted as late as January, 1933, that he would were made public. The Germans had anticipated never come to power in Ger- a peace on the basis of Wilson's many. Yet only two months Fourteen Points, but when the later, as a result of an over- Why do Germans dislike terms of Versailles were anwhelming landslide majority the Jews and wish to elim- nounced in May, 1919, complete vote of the German people, the inate them from national disillusionment took place. The Austrian painter and political life? Is there any justifica- treaty placed upon the Ger- fugitive of a few years back tion for such persecution and mans two great burdens: the was officially and enthusiasti- discrimination of the Jews as material burden of impossible cally inaugurated as Germany's they are experiencing; if so, war reparation demands, and leader and heralded by many as the spiritual burden of carry- Germany's saviour. what is it? The Christian ing the whole guilt of respon- viewpoint is very different sibility for the war. Such guilt To understand these unex- and people in many lands they refused to acknowledge; pected developments, we must have been stirred to protest. they could not and would not go back to the war days and Dr. Hoffmann has recently gathered first· hand informatake up Germany's experience tion; read his article if you believe that their six million and history since then. Only as wish to know the inside facts dead on the battlefields of and to learn the probable rewe comprehend the full portent Europe had died without some of the war and post-war experi- sults to the Christian Church justice to their cause. ences for the German people and program. Inflation of the German cur- can we hope to account for rency followed, causing com- Hitler and his anti-Semitism. plete demoralization of the peo- We need to remember that the German people ple by removing the sense of security commonly went into the war believing, rightly or wrongly, placed in a country's money. From being one of that theirs was a righteous cause and that God the most thrifty peoples in the world, in the course was on their side. (Incidentally, every nation of two years the Germans became the greatest that participated in the war went in with much spendthrifts. In times of a rapidly decreasing the same kind of belief and conviction. It seems currency value, such as swept Germany during that the universal God of all mankind had been the inflation, the worst thing to do seems to be to split into petty national gods by the respective na- save money and the wisest thing is to spend it as tional propaganda.) With this strong conviction quickly as possible. The result was that the aver- the German people made every possible sacrifice age German workman, clerk, or professional man, to win the war, and the Allies remember to their on receipt of weekly wage or monthly salary, in- sorrow that as a result Germany, practically stead of depositing a large share in savings bank single-handed, fought the world to a standstill for accountl;l, hurried off to spend as quickly as pos- four long years. The Germans emerged from the sible and translate it into more stable commodities war completely exhausted. All their sacrifices such as food, clothes, furs, jewels, but under no proved in vain, for as we know Germany was circumstances to keep the money. Even the little defeated. children caught the fever and knew that if they [327 ]

did not spend the ten or twenty pfenning they re~ more Germans, intently straining their ears in ceived immediately they would get less and less anticipation of his address. And beyond them the candy the longer they kept the money. A sum of many millions of Germans listening in on the na- German marks which in the early days of the in~ tional hook-up that was to broadcast the inaugural flation {leriod was sufficient to purchase an entire ceremonies. Expectation everywhere. A rebirth city block of houses in Berlin was, by the end of of a nation. What an opportunity and temptation a year, scarcely sufficient to buy a pair of shoe~ for a clever politician to play the "grandstand"!

strings. Hitler, however, displayed real genius; as he Then came political disintegration. The Ger~ stepped forward to address that vast assembly, man people, unaccustomed to the privilege of suf- visible and invisible, he effaced himself and in- frage which came to them with the revolution, stead called upon the venerable General von Hin- transformed that privilege into license. At the denburg. Placing the General between himself peak of this political disintegration there were as and his German audience he remarked simply, "to many as twenty-seven different political parties this man we owe this great hour" and made that in the field, all competing bitterly for the control the theme of his address. Hitler was well aware of the country. This in turn created disunity, that Hindenburg was the idol and hero of the civil strife, chaos, lawlessness, and disorder. German people and by this r1ct of recognition in- Finally, while these experiences were taking volving his own effacement he won for himself the place, the Germans were in the throes, not of an acclaim and confidence of the German people who economic crisis, but of a chronic economic depres- have ever since referred to him as "The Leader,"

sion which still continues, notwithstanding the many of them going further and speaking of him drastic efforts of Hitler to promote an internal as "The Saviour."

boom. That inauguration at Potsdam marked the birth The inevitable consequence of experiences of of a new Germany. By resorting to brutal viothis kind was to reduce the Germans to a state of lence it is true that Hitler has eliminated all oputter despair. On the other hand, as they looked position by completely routing and exterminating to the future there seemed absolutely no hope for the communist party, the social democrats, the them, in view of the unbending rigidity of Allied Centrum, and finally Hugenberg's Stahlhelm, the diplomacy toward Germany ever since the war. group that had helped to put him into power. As a matter of fact it is very doubtful whether With open opposition gone, Germany gained a Hitler ever would have come to power had Allied sense of unity. Moreover, Hitler gave German diplomacy been a little more generous with men youth the prospect of participation and creative like Stresemann and Bruening, or had undertaken activity in the building of the new Germany. in some degree to fulfil the Versailles Treaty terms Finally, thanks to his Spaf'tan idealism, he has with reference to their own disarmament. In this carried through a great moral clean~up of Gerthe Allies helped Hitler's rise to power. many. In no cities of the world perhaps was With the Germans in this state of despair and there such flagrant display of vice as in Berlin hopelessness it was natural for a messianic long~ and other German cities in the post-war period. Obscene art and literature, the nudist cult, the ing to develop. I The people craved something or most vulgar and daring of night clubs and cab- someone to come and change the situation for the better, and so, like a drowning man grasping at a arets flaunted their vice openly and boldly. Hitler straw, they grasped at Adolf Hitler as their only has eliminated all this and one might pray for a hope of salvation and swept him into power on a Hitler to help clean up some of the vulgar dis~ great tidal wave of national yearning. 'They were plays and vice centers of our own cities. convinced that he could not make conditions worse but might greatly improve them. Thus Hitler be~ The Outbreak of Anti-Semitism came possible because of the desperation of the Let us now turn to a consideration of the out- German people. Everything else having failed, break of anti-Semitism. Why did it come to pass? resort to this desperate step was taken. Since the Germans went into the war believing Whatever we may think of Adolf Hitler he is theirs was a righteous cause and that God was not a mere political mountebank. That was best on their side, they could never understand their evidenced at the time of his inauguration in Pots- defeat and post-war suffering. In their search dam. Imagine the scene: A festive and flag- for an explanation they dared not blame God, and draped church in Potsdam of Frederick the Great naturally did not wish to seek the cause within fame. Crowded to the doors and windows with themselves but rather looked about for some scape- an august assembly of leaders of every walk of goat. Under Hitler's leadership the Jews became German life; innumerable representatives of for- this scapegoat and were held responsible for all eign governments. Outside the church 100,000 or the ills that had befallen the Fatherland. Trag~

HITLER AND THE JEWS-A CHRISTIAN VIEW

ically throughout history the Jew has ever been election before he came to power over five million conveniently near at hand to become the scape- communist votes were cast in Germany. At the goat of nations in time of crisis. To justify his time, there were only 650,000 Jews in the country accusation against the Jews, Hitler provided evi- so that even if all these Jews, representing men, dence in many ways. First, he called attention to women, and children, had voted communist, there the fact that the constitution of the Weimar Re- were still eight times as many communist votes public, which followed the overthrow of the mon- cast as there were Jews in the country. Hitler archy was built up on the theories and doctrines himself tells us that not all the Jews voted com- of one Karl Marx who was born a Jew, although munist for simultaneously he accused them of be- later he was baptized as a Christian. Hitler then ing the financiers and in control of the money in- proceeded to rationalize, pointing out that the re- terests of Germany. One has yet to find that com- publican form of government had created political munist and capitalist make good bedfellows!

disintegration, that this in turn had created dis- He next called attention to the demoralizing in- unity and chaos, lawlessness and disorder, and fluence that had been at work in Germany in the that as a result Germany had been unable to pre- post-war period, above all to the anti-God and sent a solid front to the Allies. This meant in- anti-church movement that had been raising its ability to have German demands accepted by the head. Because certain Jews were connected with Allies, and left the future dark and uncertain. these tendencies he held German Jewry as a whole And so the ills of Germany in the post-war period responsible.

were traced back to Jewish influence and the Jews Finally, he pointed to the international connec- as a whole held responsible for all the national tions of the Jews and insinuated that, by virtue misfortunes. of these international connections, Gerrnan Jewry Again, Adolf Hitler called attention to the fact was intriguing against the best interests of the that, as a result of the large number of Jews in Fatherland.

the professional and cultural life of the country, Teutonic Racial Purity Germany was becoming Judaized. He failed, to explain that in the pre-war days non-Jews in- On top of all of these accusations came his racial variably sought the military career, from which purity idealism. Jews were excluded, so that the Jews naturally When a desperate people are fed with this type turned to the professions. The war ended the of propaganda against a disliked minority, the military career, and non-Jews, who had formerly inevitable result is an outbreak of more or less become military officers now turned to the pro- violent discrimination, which in Germany has fessions in which they discovered a dispropor- manifested itself in the present evidences of antitionately large number of Jews. As the economic Semitism. In times of crises it is easy to fan the depression increased, the competition became public opinion of a suffering people into hatred. more intense, with resultant growing bitterness The Germans, as we have seen, were desperate against the Jews who were holding jobs which the and were therefore neither objective nor reason- able; because certain Jews seemed guilty all non-Jews now wanted to fill. Hitler also called attention to the presence of Jewry was held responsible. We have here evicertain Jews as ringleaders in the communist agi- dence of the curse of generalization of which tation that had characterized post-war Germany. Jewry has ever been the victim.

Moreover, he told of the large number of Jews Hitler's anti-Semitism manifests itself not so that had come from Eastern Europe into Germany much in actual physical violence done the Jews since the war. Actually only about 70,000 had as in the commercial, political, social, and cul- entered but reference to Eastern Europe at once tural ostracism and boycott of all Jews. The acts envisaged Soviet Russia, and the "bugaboo" of of violence against individual Jews, and the minia- communism. Thus Hitler propagandized the Ger- ture pogrom in Gundershausen, are as inexcusable mans into believing that the Jews were respon- as are the numerous acts of violence perpetrated sible for the menace of communism in Germany. against many non-Jews who as communists, so- He had forgotten that during the war it was the cialists or pacifists were regarded as opponents German War Ministry which, as a war measure, of the Nazi regime.

had granted permission for Lenin and Trotzky to The average tourist to Germany will see little cross Germany from Switzerland en route to evidence of any Jewish persecution and as a re- Czarist Russia, in the hope that they would stir sult many have returned maintaining that there up the communist revolution in Czarist Russia, is no anti-Semitism, and even expressing admira- break Russia from the Allies, and thus give Ger- tion for the present regime. Owing to extensive many a better chance of winning the war. He press censorship many Germans are ignorant of also neglected to mention that in the last normal actual conditions, and they remain inarticulate or

maintain that the accusations concerning Hitler's lion as compared with the 650,000 Jews in preanti-Semitism are malicious propaganda from Hitler Germany. Fully 500,000 of the so-called abroad. Moreover, all articulate opposition to Hit- non-Aryans are out and out Christians, and have ler involves the risk of position, imprisonment, and been so for several generations, but because, by even of life. the accident of birth or inheritance, they happen to have Jewish blood in their veins they are dealt When one confers with German Jewish leaders, with as Jews and are being increasingly deprived visits Jewish families, and delves beneath the sur- of all possibility of a livelihood within Germany. face, one quickly discovers how insidious and pernicious is the campaign against the Jews. The The net result of all this anti-Semitism is a more vulgar and despicable aspects of the cam- gradual removal of Jews and Jewish influence paign are seen in Streicher's anti-Semitic publica- from the life of Germany, which in some respects tion known as Der StUrmer, and heard in certain reminds one of the elimination of the bourgeoisie public addresses against Jews made by represent- from Soviet Russia. Whereas it is not as drastic atives of the Nazi party. Der Sturmer stoops to as the "blood purge" of June 30, it produces more crude, indecent, and undignified attacks on the spiritual anguish in addition to physical pain. Jew utterly unworthy of the Germany of Goethe Within the last few weeks rumors have been curand Schiller, and of what we commonly und€r- rent that a definite plan of elimination of the Jews stand as German Ritterlichkeit. Newspapers fre- from Germany within the next twenty-five years quently publish the names and addresses of J ew- is being seriously considered. To date not more ish doctors and lawyers, urging the German pub- than 60,000 of the total 650,000 Jews in Germany lic not to patronize these. All Jews are denied have actually been able or willing to flee Germany positions in the civil service, in the teaching pro- to escape this growing wave of ostracism. Many fessions – whether in· the universities or the German Jews are really Germans – Germany is schools – as well as all participation in the cul- their native land and they are loath to leave it tural life of the country as represented by the even in the face of so much antagonism and peropera, theatre, arid music. The small trades are secution. Some 27,000 have gone to Palestine for at present the primary outlet. But when a coun- permanent settlement. The others have gone to try is in the throes of economic depression there France, Switzerland, Poland, and Czechoslovakia, isn't much hope for many new thousands of people where permanent residence for a few, and temto enter the small trades and to earn a livelihood porary residence for the many have been perthere. mitted. On the other hand, even if more desire to leave Germany, they cannot under present world A Campaign of Bitterness conditions. Emigration is practically impossible, for immigration laws everywhere, made more During the early part of last winter one was rigid by universal unemployment crises, render led to believe that a more moderate policy with any large exodus from one country to another imregard to the Jews was being introduced, but in possible. And so we have the tragic experience recent months and notably during March, the of hundreds of German Jews who had fled to campaign against the Jews seems to be $reatly neighboring countries where they have been intensified in scope and bitterness. granted temporary domicile now finding them- selves actually compelled to go back into Germany The whole campaign is most vicious in that it because no other country will have them. Acis not confined to adults but is extended' to the cording to a report widely circulated, many of children as well. A Berlin clergyman recently these returning Jews, on arrival in Germany, sent the writer an anti-Jewish poem which his ten- were at once placed in custody of the police or in year-old son and other Berlin school children were concentration camps. required to learn. Yet Heinrich Heine's "Die Lorelei," though written by a Jew, remains a Can there be any justification for this extensive popular folksong of the Germans. Members of and apparently brutal discriminatiqn and persethe boys' and girls' youth groups are forbidden cution of the Jews in Germany? Even though we to have any social contact with their former J ew- admit that the accusations of Adolf Hitler are ish playmates. The result is a poisoning of the true with reference to certdin individual Jews, minds of innocent German children with race there can, none the less, be no justification for the hatred and the creation of spiritual anguish for punishment of all the Jewish people of Germany the Jewish children. because of the guilt, real or imaginary, of certain German Jews. Having advanced this principle, Nor is the discrimination limited to Jews only. we must apply it to the Germans as well. There In pursuit of the racial purity idealism of Hitler seems also no justification for punishing all the it also includes all who within two generations Germans by the boycott because Hitler and the back have the taint of Jewish blood in their veins. Such persons are known as non-Aryans. Their number in Germany probably exceeds three mil-

Nazis are guilty of an unjustified and brutal anti- necessarily agree with all his policies, as is shown Semitism. by the courageous protests of Protestant clergy- A Christian Viewpoint men against the totalitarian concept of Hitler.

From a Christian point of view we must spe- The fight for the subjection of the Church to the cifically protest against Hitler's anti-Semitism. dictates of the State is not yet won. It is sig- In the first place, it is a violation of human per- nificant that of all the various agencies and groups sonality held sacred by the Christ whom Chris- in Germany the Church has been the only one tians profess to believe in. In the second place, which has dared openly to take issue with Hitler. it is an utter denial of the spirit and teachings of Note also the remarkable stand taken by Cardinal that Christ. In the third place, anti-Semitism, if Faulhaber, Roman Catholic Prelate of Munich, carried to its logical conclusions, must sooner or later become a menace to the continued existence who in five Advent sermons,* preached in 1933, of the Christian faith itself. As a matter of fact, a considerable number of Germans, in their desire openly took issue with Hitler with regard to his to eliminate Jewish influence, are not content to totalitarian state, his attitude toward Jews and eliminate it merely from their economic, profes- non-Aryans, and the neopagan trends in the wake sional, and cultural life, but are also attempting of Naziism. to eliminate Jewish influence from their religious faith. But if one would rid the Christian faith There are Y. M. C. A.'s in Germany which to of all Jewish influence one must do away with date have never hoisted the Hitler flag and anyone Moses and the Ten Commandments, the psalms, who has been in Germany since Hitler came into and the prophets. In addition one must do away power knows how conspicuous a building without with Jesus Christ Himself, as well as the twelve a swastika flag is in present-day Germany. The Apostles and St. Paul. Thus little would be left. marching thousands of young and old to the ac- Incidentally, this analysis reveals how much the companiment of military music and the flying Christian faith owes to Judaism for its own colors of the Hitler flag and the singing of the content. Horst Wessel song, as well as the extensive be- flagging of all buildings and homes, give the im- pression of a continuous Fouth of July celebra- tion. At least one Y. M. C. A., on hearing of the order requiring all youth organizations to enlist Following the shock of the outbreak of Hitler's their members en masse in the Hitler youth moveanti.,Semitism protests against it have been world- ment quietly, and deliberately dissolved its own wide. In some cases these were engineered by membership so that it had no members thus to the Jews themselves. In others Christians took enlist. It takes courage to do such things in Gerthe initiative. But unfortunately mere protests many today. are of little avail and bring no relief to the vic- Finally, I call attention to the experience of tims. The simplest solution would be repatriation one of my intimate friends, a Roman Catholic, and rehabilitation of the Jews of Germany in Fritz Beck by name, who lived in Munich. He other lands. But at present any large exodus of Jews from Germany to other lands is possible. was in charge of all student activities in Bavaria and was director of three student centers in America to date has taken in not more than 3,000 Munich. Ever since the war he had been most and these are very largely scholars, scientists, and active in international student affairs and while a musicians, admitted to help fructify American loyal German was strongly international-minded cultural life. Weare no more desirous of having the rank and file of German Jew than is any other and a very special friend of American students. Soon after Hitler came into power Beck received country in the world. instructions to keep the Jewish students out of Moreover, in America we find a rising tide of the student centers. A decision had to be made. anti-Jewish feeling and in view of our Negro Beck realized that if he refused to obey, the result racial problem and the brutal lynchings that take would be at least loss of position-a very serious place every now and then, the Germans rightly matter. But because Beck believed that the Faretaliate when we protest, with the question, therhood of God implied the brotherhood of man "What right have you to protest against our anti- and that therefore to discriminate against any Semitism? Are we doing anything that is worse people was a direct violation of that fundamental than your lynchings?" conviction, he had the courage to refuse. As a The world has wondered at the apparent ab- result he lost his job, and moreover gained the sence of opposition and protest within Germany enmity of many of the older Nazi students who against Hitler's anti-Semitism. It is therefore swore vengeance. By a miraculous coincidence, significant that not all Germans have acquiesced. Fritz Beck had many years ago befriended Roehm, Whereas most Germans will admit that Hitler is their only hope, that does not mean that they • These sermons have been published by the Macmillan Company under the title "Christianity, Judaism, and Germany."

who at the time of Beck's dismissal, was German Moreover, in view of the extensive oftimes exag- Chief of Staff. Roehm, hearing of Beck's dis- gerated agitation and protest against Germany, missal, and remembering the friendly deed of everything German of which certain American many years ago, used his influence to reinstate Jews and non-Jews have been guilty, American Beck and put him under the wing of his protec- citizens of German ancestry are becoming Gertion. On June 30, 1934, as we all know, Roehm man-conscious and are bitter against the Jews. among others was shot in cold blood by Hitler's Clashes and conflicts between Jews and such Gerorders. The older students took advantage of the man-conscious Americans have been frequent. commotion of the purge to call on Beck in his Most startling, however, is the large number of office. Beck was "taken for a ride," apparently Americans who are inclined to be indifferent, if tortured and then shot in cold blood. Several not actually sympathetic to Hitler's campaign days after his body, riddled with bullets, was against the Jews. As a friend sincerely interested found on a roadside near Munich. Beck paid in solving the problem of the Jew, one could wish with his life for his defense of the Jew. for some recognition by Jews that certain Jews, by their attitudes, actions, and activities help to Fritz Beck's last letter to me, written just six provoke anti-Semitism, and that such undoubtedly weeks before he was killed, gives evidence that was the case in Germany. Hitherto there has been he had a premonition of the fate that awaited him. no such admission of possible guilt by Jews. To None the less he went ahead, not swerving from solve the problem of the Jew, both gentile and his convictions, even in the face of death. In this Jew must cooperate in eliminating causes of antiletter (dated May 15, 1934), he wrote: Jewish feeling. The gentile alone cannot elim- inate anti-Jewish feeling, even though we admit On June 4, God willing, I shall once again be at the old the burden of guilt rests largely on gentiles. job in Munich. And even though it is with a bleeding heart that I view much of that which is now taking place One-third of all the Jews in the world live in in Germany I shall remain at my post as long as God wills. America. One-eighth of all the Jews in the world Indeed, it seems almost like a miracle of God that I have are in New York City. What is the future of been able to continue at my task thus long, in spite of the these Jews? There are evidences of growing antifact that I have in no way changed my opinions. May God Jewish feeling. The serious economic crisis which give me strength ever to bear witness to Him, even if the confronts America contributes to this. There are Powers that be should demand of me torture, imprison- numerous small groups that are openly agitating ment, or life itself. against the Jews and it is here that the real 'chal- lenge to the Christian Church of America comes. Will not you also remember me in prayer-after all, The American Church must be aggressive in the separated as we are, prayer alone availeth. . . . present situation lest through indifference or tol- erance it become guilty, like the German Church, Thus we see that whereas Hitler and the Nazis of actually fostering anti-Jewish feeling. are brutally anti-Semitic, there are many Germans who, at the risk of position, liberty, and life In the past nations have endeavored to solve itself, are taking issue silently as well as openly the Jewish problem by forcible conversion of the in their protest against anti-Semitism. Let us not Jew to the Christian faith, by his exile, by segregeneralize with reference to the Germans any gation in the ghetto, and even by massacre, but more than with reference to the Jews. none of these methods have solved the problem. Anti-Semitism, no matter what form it takes, Other Issues in Germany merely aggravates the problem of the Jew. The only other alternative is that of true Christian If space permitted, one should discuss the im- neighbol'liness, and it is this which the Christian portant German Church issue, as well as the char- churches of America must promote and immeacter, and aims of the Nazi party and finally the diately, if we are to avoid an outbreak of antiimplications for peace or war in Europe, growing Semitism akin to that which has taken place in out of Hitler's recent decision to rearm, the con- Germany. This is the task of the Christian sequent conferences between Hitler, Simon, and churches. It must be more than goodwill, im- Eden, as well as the Stresa meetings. However, portant as that is; it must be, a witnessing to the our primary concern has been the Jewish ques- Jew who is our neighbor of the power that Jesus tion, with which we must limit ourselves for the Christ gives men and women to live as true chilpresent. dren of God and therefore as true brothers to our fellowmen, irrespective of race, color, or creed. To complete our theme, we need a word on the Jesus Christ is the key to the solution of the probimplications of Hitler's anti-Semitism for Amer- lem of the Jew, here as in Germany and elsewhere. ica. It is well to remember that in the wake of Hitler's anti-Semitism there has come a renaissance within Jewry. It is significant that this renaissance is stressing the racial and national aspects of Jewishness rather than the religious.

Youth and a New

~~II~~~BY~R~O~Y~A~.~B~U~R~KH~A~R~T~'~C~Ol~wn~bu~S'~O~h~i~o~~ll~ SOMEONE has well said that if Communism in it far-reaching possibility. For the first time gets the upper hand in America Christianity will be to blame. Someone else has said that in the history of Protestantism all agencies workif we ever have a war again Christianity will be to blame. Someone else might well say that if our ing with youth are actually working together. It economic order, with its muddled and turbulent conditions, finally ends up in chaos, dragging civ- is a challenging movement. Youth and their lead- ilization with it Christianity will be to blame.* ers are responding in a most encouraging way.

In one of the twenty-four youth conferences The Christian Youth Council of North America held in important centers as a part of the united youth program, "Christian youth Building a New met at Lake Geneva last summer and most of the WorId," a boy stood up in a closing commitment service and made this significant statement: camps and conferences last summer built their Mr. Leader, how can you have the conscience to stand program around this united youth movement. there and ask these young people to commit their lives to a religion that is a part of an economic order and a social Many denominational meetings and all agencies system that is pagan to the very heart? You are asking them to give their lives to a religion that has wandered looking into the summer and next fall are planfar from its Founder and that has become a battle cry for a civilization that has long since lost concern for ning their programs in harmony with the major human needs. I am the son of a Methodist minister. I am a graduate of a large university in engineering. I projects of the movement. waited four years for a job-I could not get it. My life had no meaning. Now I am a Communist and my life has Twenty-four large regional youth conferences meaning. We Communists are building a new world. We may starve doing it but we have the satisfaction of work- were held in March and more than 26,000 young ing for a cause that will ultimately give justice to those who live after us. people and their leaders were in attendance, with The reader can well visualize what happened in 1,600 local churches represented. Most encourthat group. There was a deathly silence. Well thinking young people, realizing the devisiveness' aging reports have been received. Young people in our conception of Christianity, the lack of constructive action, the apathy of so-called Christian were challenged to the task to be done by Chrisleaders, knew that this boy was speaking words which were far too true for comfort. They knew tianity and were made aware of their responsithat young people in most churches have no sense of mission. Few have any sense of going any- bility and their privilege in helping to build a where except to church. They feel they want peace but they know of no strategy of action new world. The young people received a great whereby they can get peace. They want social justice but they know that the economic power is sense of fellowship and mission that are of great in the hands of a small group of people. They know that as long as these people have the power value. The young people went forth with a feelthere is little others can do. Consequently they have a sense of futility, spending their days won- ing that they were joining with others in builddering if they will be lucky enough to get jobs. ing a new world and that they did not need to go Because of these facts those who are close to the growing united Christian youth program, see alone because they had fellowship with Christ • These statements are, of course, not endorsed by the Editor of who has the power to make all things new. THE REVIEW. It Is only "denatured Christianity," Christianity The different agencies had not been working :~~hfo~af~~IS~hristm~~~o~e1i;:::':~~I~~R~lamed for failure. Those together but out of these conferences will un- doubtedly emerge a strategy of cooperation in the community which should result in significant prog- ress along many lines. Such cooperation will give young people a sense of mission and of a definite objective because of the fact that they are work- ing with young people from many other groups.

In one city they are planning f¥ large peace parade with a hundred thousand4"0ung people. One church or one denomination dpuld not go very far but all groups' working together can speak and act with' power.

In the past there has never been a distinct na- tion-wide Christian youth movement. There are at present hundreds of small movements of one sort or another, but none that is national in scope.

Now, in the new program, many observers feel that there is a movement which is destined to be- come dtor,uesl ya1N1tohert hCAhrml.setiraicnaynoiunt scope. Includ ing as 'I. t h agencies in b oth the United States and Canada, there is every rea- [333 ]

son to expect great results from it. Not only All over the world there is appalling misery and should the ten or twelve million young people in the churches become active in this united effort, suffering. War clouds hang low. The poor are getbut thousands who are not now in the fold should be won to Christ and His program. ting poorer and the insecurity of the dispossessed Already programs for camps and conferences more intense. Those who have jobs have them at are being shaped into the movement. Various denominations are planning national gatherings to the expense of those who have none. There is build their own programs in harmony with the vision they have glimpsed. The camp conferences fear, hatred, and gloom. But through the blackof the International Council of Religious Education are to be a real part of the movement. The ness and the mist, there is a reassuring ray of biennial convention of the International Society of Christian Endeavor, to be held in Philadelphia hope-Christian youth, working with their elders in July, will have a distinct relationship to this great plan. and with the youth of other faiths can build a new Late in 1935 or during 1936 an enlarged meet- world. It is on that hope that many are bettering of the Christian Youth Council will be held with 2,000 or 2,500 delegates, including key young ing their lives.* people who are holding positions of leadership in national or area groups, present to report prog- * The following material on the United Youth Movement has been ress and to make plans. prepared cooperatively and may be secured from the International Council of Religious Education, 203 North Wabash Avenue, Chicago, IlL: "Forward Together," a promotional leaflet giving information about the movement, (Single copies, one cent; 100 c'oples, 75 cents; .500 copies, $3.50; 1,000 copies, $6.50.) A poster for the above material may be secured for ten cents. "Our Share in Build- ing a New World," a printed pamphlet containing suggestions and resource materials for local groups (ten cents). "The Statement of Christian Conviction of the Christian Youth Council," including a worship service for use in connection with the Signing of this state- ment (single copy, five cents; five or more copies, three cents each; 300 or more, three cents each less twenty per cent discount). A speCial pamphlet entitled "After Conference~What?" was prepared for use as follow up to the conferences mentioned above. This will serve as a splendid guide to youth groups in taking a creative part in this movement. Copies of this can be secured from the Board of Religious Education of the Disciples Church, at three cents per copy.

THE MISSIONARY MESSAGE OF THE CROSS The word "cross" in the Scriptures never occurs in the plural. To Christ the cross meant one thing, and nothing less: His sacrifice of Himself to save others. That is what it must mean to every disciple-self-abnegation. To take up the cross and bear it after Christ is to undertake, like the Master, a life of self-erucifixion for the saving of others. It is to lose the self-life for His sake. It is to be willing to die, if need be, that others may live. When our Lord hung upon the cross His enemies tauntingly said: "He saved others: Himself He cannot save." No sneer ever hid a truth so sublime. In the Christian life, saving self and saving others are utterly incompatible; and the one great difficulty with the whole body of professed disciples is that most of them are trying to save themselves, and yet be saved. And so it comes to pass that thousands go to church, come to the Lord's Table, utter prayers and bear the name of Christ, yet live a life essentially worldly, and are engaged in no truly soul-saving work. They spend many times as much on self-indulgence as they give to feed the hungry, clothe the naked, . or give the Living Bread to dying souls.

Consider what would be the result if every professed child of God could burn with Paul's passion for souls, could know the continual heart burden for the unsaved, that made it possible for him even to wish himself accursed that they might be saved.

That was cross-bearing. The Apostle Paul died daily; he was "crucified with Christ," he bore branded in his body the marks of the Lord Jesus. Could ten thousand of the millions of professed believers burn with such a Christ-like passion for souls, for one year, the Gospel would be carried round the globe within that year. Arguments and appeals are vain while you argue and appeal to the spiritually dead. Before the church can "convert the world," the members of the Church must be converted. The real difficulty is not in unsanctified purses, or unsanctified cradles, but in sanctified hearts.

A light that does not shine, a spring that does not flow, a germ that does not grow, is not more a contradiction than a life in Christ which does not bear witness to Christ. If there be a spring within, there will flow a stream without. If there is no witness, is there any experience? "He that believeth on me," as the Scripture hath said, "out of his innermost being shall flow rivers of living water." He who has no passion to convert, needs conversion. The saved man is not content to have unsaved men go unwarned, or the -saving power of God to go un-, witnessed. It may well be doubted whether one who bears no part in testimony to Christ has any part in His salvation. Would that everyone might feel the full force of this paradox of missions: "Christ :alone can save this world, But Christ cannot save this world alone."

ARTHUR T. PIERSON.

Spiritual Condition of the

By REV. HENRY W. FROST, D.D., Princeton, N. J.

Home Director Emeritus of the China Inland Mission I F THE heathen-those who have never heard the facts, then indeed it would be worthwhile to the Gospel or received life through Christ- leave homeland, kin and kindred, ease, comfort, are not "lost," one would feel almost warranted physical and educational advantages, all that goes in openly disobeying the command of Christ and to make the home life alluring and profitable, for making no effort to carry the Gospel to them. For the sake of delivering souls from perdition and what use would it be simply to civilize them and bringing them to Christ and, at last, to an eternal give them our western culture? To be sure they and beatific Heaven. In such a case, we should need some things which go with our civilization, understand why Jesus said to go and asked us to such as teachers, schools and colleges, and, par- sacrifice our all. And in such an event, we should ticularly, doctors, nurses and· hospitals. But it not think Him ruthless, but, on the contrary, very would cost too much to give them these at the compassionate, not only to the heathen, but also, sacrifice of separation from loved ones, living in to ourselves, in spite of our heavy loss. And in far-away lands, consorting with such a happening, there would alien and uncouth peoples, en- be those who would desire to go during deep and long drawn- One of the greatest points abroad instead of staying at out loneliness, exposing the of disagreement between those home and would consider it a body to serious climatic dis- . who are and are not vitally high privilege, honor and joy to eases, facing possible attacks interested in evangelizing the obey the commandment of by lawless mobs, and finally, it world with the Gospel of Christ to preach the Gospel to may be, passing through sud- Christ is the question as to every creature. Yes, it would den and terrible death. Life is whether or not all non-Chris- make all the difference in the too precious to trifle with it and tians are Ulost" and in danger world if we knew that the to throw it away by spending Gofode. terMnaalnysewpahroattiaokne fsriodems heathen are really lost. on this question have never its strength in the pursuit of really studied it. Dr. Frost Missionaries of old felt this secondary objectives. It re- to be the case; and they went. quires a strong inducement to presents the view of the This was true of Judson, Carey, warrant our giving up home- ~~Word of God" – the only Livingstone, Morrison, Burns land advantages when the alter- final authority. and Taylor. It has been true of nate is to be, not gain, but large a countless number of others and perpetual loss. For this who have followed in their reason we should be tempted to say, in spite of the train. And it was true of that greatest of all misarrant disloyalty of it, Let us disobey Christ and sionaries, Paul, who became all things to all men stay at home, unless the heathen need the Gospel that he might save some. for the saving of their souls. In such a case, we Now it must be conceded that God is the only should come to. the conclusion that the Master had One, in heaven above or on earth beneath, who dealt ruthlessly with us when He commanded us really knows whether or not the heathen are lost. to go to peoples, not lost but having sufficiently For it is only His eye that sees the true condition good religions of their own to save them. of souls and their eternal state and destiny. This Suppose, however, the heathen are lost; what implies that there is not a man living, however educated, intelligent and spiritual, who, of himthen? Suppose their religions are false, their idol self, has the slightest conception of the heathens' worship is vain, their long pilgrimages are wasted spiritual condition. So far as the natural man is time, their sacrifices are destructive of everything concerned, therefore, the subject is beyond undergood; what then? Suppose they are worshiping .standing and had best be left unconsidered. But, not God, but demons, and suppose, when they in spite of this conclusion, a question may be pass through the portal of death, they go out into an unillumined darkness and into an eternal sep- asked: Has the All-knowing One made any revaration from God and Christ and all that is pure elation to man concerning the spiritual condition and beautiful and holy; what then? If these are of the heathen? If He has not, we must remain [335 ]

in ignorance. If He has, we may rightfully seek and that it was only the man who heard and re- to know what is revealed. This then, is our pres· ceivedit who would be saved.

ent attitude of mind. Feeling that we must know, Christ, when He spoke from heaven and comif possible, the truth of God concerning the missioned Paul to be a missionary to the Gentiles heathen, in order that we may understand what to lifted the veil which hung over the heathen and do in reference to the command of Jesus to preach discovered to the apostle and thus to us their spirthe Gospel to them, we turn to the Scriptures to itual state. He spoke as follows: "To open their discover what their testimony is. eyes, and to turn them from darkness to light, and The question of the spiritual condition of the from the power of Satan unto God, that they may heathen is discussed even in the Old Testament. receive forgiveness of sins" (Acts 26: 17, 18).

David said, "The wicked shall be turned into hell, Here then, is the revelation of the All-seeing One.

and all the nations that forget God" (Ps. 9: 17) ; He affirmed that the heathen are spiritually blind and again, "Confounded be all they that serve and do not see; 'that they walk in darkness and graven images, that boast themselves of idols" need the light; that they are in the possession (Ps. 97: 7). Isaiah wrote, "The idols he shall and under the dominion of Satan and require to utterly abolish" (Isa. 2: 18-21). Joel declared, be delivered from him and brought to God; and "Let the heathen be wakened and come up to the that their sins are so many and great as to call for valley of Jehoshaphat; for there will I sit to judge a divine forgiveness.

the heathen round about . . . for their wicked· Paul is profuse in his statements concerning the ness is great" (Joel 3: 11-13). Micah affirmed, heathen. The following are some of his declara- "I will execute vengeance in anger and fury upon tions: '

the heathen" (Mic. 5: 15). "Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the New Testament Declarations world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned" (Rom. When we come to the New Testament we find 5: 12). In the light of this verse, we cannot say that it is replete with statements in reference to that the heathen will be lost if they do not hear the heathen and their spiritual condition. We the Gospel and be saved. The proper statement is would review some of these declarations, as that they are lost and will remain in this condifollows: tion if they do not hear the Gospel and are saved.

If we should be asked what verse in the New The spiritual "death," spoken of is the state of Testament most reveals the love and grace of God . being lost and that death, because of man's trans- we should probably reply in these words, "God so gression and universal sin, has fallen upon all.

loved the world that he gave his only begotten In other words, all men, including the heathen, Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not are born in a state of spiritual death and need the perish, but have everlasting life" (John 3: 16). redemption of Christ. The only question is, Will But there are things about this verse of compas- they come to know Christ and be delivered from sion and mercy which we do not usually recognize. their lost condition? .

They are these: It says that God loved "the "For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven world"; then we must conclude that all the world against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of had need of that love and the gift that followed. men, who hold the truth in unrighteousness. . . .

Also, it says that God gave His Son to the world For the invisible things of him from the creation that it might "not perish"; then it follows that of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the world was perishing and that the only way in the things that are made, even his eternal power which it could be kept from perishing ultimately and Godhead; so that they are without excuse"

and utterly was by believing on the Son whom (Rom. 1: 18, 20). There is much talk about the God has given. In other words the verse declares "innocent heathen." But they are not found in that the reason why God manifested His love and experience and the Scripture never describes them grace was because the whole wide world was lost. as such. God, in the last words of our passage, Jesus put at the very heart of the Great Com- definitely and positively affirms that the heathen mission-according to Mark's Gospel-these sol- are "without excuse," He being revealed in the emn and startling words: "He that believeth and physical world by which they are surrounded..

is baptized shall be saved; but he that disbelieveth "For as many as have sinned without law shall shall be condemned" (Mark 16: 16 R. V.). The also perish without law" (Rom. 2: 12). The Master here implied that the preaching of the "law" here spoken of is the Mosaic law. The Gospel. was a matter of life and death; that the verse says then, As many as have sinned apart man who did not believe it would remain in his from the Mosaic law shall also perish apart from lost condition and would be divinely condemned, the Mosaic law. This refers to the heathen, and

THE SPIRITUAL CONDITION OF THE HEATHEN

the reason of it is, first, though the heathen have alienated from the life of God through the igno- not the Mosaic law, they have the law of con- rance that is in them, because of the blindness of science; and second, no man can be saved by law, their heart" (Eph. 4: 17, 18). There is infinite whether it be that of Moses or conscience, for no distance. between God's thoughts and man's as one can keep the one law or the other (Rom. 2: 11- touching the heathen. We count their ignorance 16). It is thus that God adds, not shall be judged of the way of righteousness an entire and valid without law, but "shall also perish without law." excuse for their not walking in that Way. Igno- "But I say, that the things which the Gentiles rance in some cases is excuse. But this is not the sacrifice, they sacrifice to demons and not to God" case with the heathen. For their ignorance is the (1 Cor. 10: 20 R. V.). Let us observe from our direct result of a wilful blindness of heart. God verse, that the One who sees and knows does not does not hold them responsible for not knowing look with complacency upon the sacrifices of the the Gospel. That is the responsibility of the heathen, however earnest and self-denying these Church, and a heavy one it is. What they are remay be. He declares, in effect, that all heathen sponsible for is this, for not seeking to obey the religions are nothing else than demonology. This One who has revealed Himself in sun, moon and is a serious charge, coming from such an One stars, flowers, fruits and waving fields of grain, the rain that falls and the wind that blows, all of as God. "And you hath he quickened, who were dead in which are so many sights and sounds of the livtrespasses and sins. Wherein in time past ye ing and true God. Their ignorance, therefore, is walked according to the course of this world, ac- self-imposed and it results from the blindness, not cording to the prince of the power of the air, the of their eyes, but of their hearts. It is for this spirit that now worketh in the children of dis- that God will judge them. And as it has meant an obedience: That at that time ye were without alienation from God in this life, so it will mean Christ, being aliens from the commonwealth of an alienation in the other.

Israel, and strangers from the covenants of prom- John, the seer, is given a vision of the last ise, having no hope, and without God in the world" things and is permitted to give us to see what he (Eph. 2: 1, 2, 12). Paul had a first-hand knowl- saw, including the last of the last things, namely, edge of the heathen, having been brought up in the final judgment of God. As we look at this rev- their midst. He knew, not only the worst of them, elation, we shrink back appalled, for the view is but also the best of them, having been highly edu- other than we should like and is shocking to every cated and having been associated with those of fiber of our being. And yet, if we believe in God's scholarly minds and cultured lives. Also, he had Word and love truth more than ourselves, we shall in mind, in writing to the Ephesians, the refine- look again and believe what we see through the ment and high-plane living of many of the heathen words which we read. And as we read, we shall who dwelt at Ephesus. And yet, he implies as to remember that it was the beloved apostle who all of the heathen of that city and thus of all the wrote the words, the man of God who loved and heathen everywhere, that, they walk "according to pitied as no other man did. His words are these: the course of this world," and "according to the "The fearful, and unbelieving, and the abominable, prince of the power of the air," namely, the devil; and murderers, and whoremongers, and sorcerers, that they are "without Christ," are "aliens from and idolaters, and all liars, shall have their part the commonwealth of Israel," are "strangers from in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone: the covenants of promise," and are "without hope" which is the second death" (Rev. 21: 8). And and "without God in the world." mark it, the items of sin mentioned describe th'e If these words do not describe the lost state of heathen 'almost more than any other class of huthe heathen, including the best of them, we know man beings, for preeminently it is true of them now what words would. Take, for instance, these that they are "abominable, murderers, whoretwo words, "without hope." We hear much in mongers, sorcerers, idolaters and liars."

these days, especially as related to the heathen, So then, we conclude that the All-knowing One about the "larger hope." But God did not coin has granted to us a revelation and has given us to that phrase. His statement is "No hope," which, see what He sees, namely, a perishing world.

according to the word "no," must refer both to With this sight before us, it is easy to understand this present world and the next. So then the why Jesus, who loved us, said "Go"! He is not heathen at large, in spite of their religions, phi- willing that any should perish, and, as God sacri- losophies, altruisms and negations of self, are in ficed Him, He is constrained to sacrifice us, if a hopeless state. This, as God sees things, is be- only the lost may be saved. All that remains, ing utterly lost. therefore, is for us to decide which we love the "As other Gentiles walk, in the vanity of their better, ourselves and our ease, or Christ and the mind, having the understanding darkened, being souls of men.

A. A. Hyde-A Good Steward*

.r-. A T THE ripe age of eighty-six, and less than a Promoters and even friends with schemes for week after teaching his Bible Class and de- profitable investment found Mr. Hyde too busy to livering a message to the staff of his Men- be interviewed, but he always had time to hear the thalatum Company, A. A. Hyde, of Wichita, Kan- appeal in behalf of the most humble Christian sas, U. S. A., passed quietly into the Higher Life, enterprise. He did not give without investigation on January 10, 1935. He was a truly consistent and sound judgment, but he did give without stint Christian business man to whom Christ's in- or condition and he helped to put dozens of worthy j unction to "seek first the Kingdom of God" was causes on their feet. His advice made them stand the central motive of life. Two principles were up and walk. These benefactions he considered his daily concern – the very core of his being: his real investments. They circled the globe and are pushing the frontiers of the Kingdom into the neglected areas of mankind.

But Mr. Hyde did not end his missionary re- sponsibilities by gifts of money and counsel to distant projects. He practiced the Kingdom brotherhood in his home, his church, and his com- munity. His employees were fellowmen and women. His Negro chauffeur was his personal friend and companion. His "servants" were peo- ple-members of the household. His brotherhood did not discriminate against either race, or cast, or nationality. His guests were made members of the family. On Sundays it was the regular thing for young men to be brought home, after church, for a most informal luncheon-in the pantry, on the good solid food stored up on Saturdays in the refrigerators by the cook-who would be off duty for Sunday.

One became acquainted with Mr. Hyde in thirty minutes and could not spend that much time with him without knowing that he was a practicing Christian-vitally interested in the Kingdom of God. Yet there was nothing about his unceasing zeal that bored or alienated others; quite the con- trary. A citizen of his city declared that, although out of sympathy with the Church, he looked up to A. A. Hyde as his ideal of both manhood and religion.

THE LATE A. A. HYDE. OF WICHITA. KANSAS On his seventy-seventh birthday the City of Wichita officially celebrated with a banquet at- first, the putting first of all the Kingdom of God, tended by 1,100 people-many coming from dis- and second, regarding all he possessed-material, tant parts of the United States-with a program physical, and spiritual-as a trust from God, to be and souvenir book which took half a year in prep- administered as a steward rather than as owner. aration by a great committee of the leading citi- Andrew Carnegie's theory that it is "a disgrace zens from all walks of life. Because he sought to die rich" was Mr. Hyde's practice. He began no glory for himself; because he gave everything his business career by pledging one-tenth of his -to such extent that his own family almost was receipts to the building of the Kingdom of God, brought to the point of disrepair; because he but during the past quarter-century when his suc- practiced with unprecedented faithfulness and cess increased, he gave nine-tenths, and finally zeal the principle of Christian stewardshipeverything beyond frugal living expenses. there was not a person in his community who would grudge him the title of First Citizen of * Revised from The Omi Mustard-Seed, Japan. Wichita.

[ 338]

the Gospel to the Dyaks*

By C. DAVID CLENCH, Borneo Missionary of the Christian and Missionary Alliance T HE rivers of Borneo are wide, and of a dirty, in the morning one cannot see any river bed at yellowish gray color. On the mud banks we all, only a great wide sheet of rushing water filling see here and there a crocodile sleeping in the the gorge completely. For this reason boats are sunshine. Hearing us, he jumps and disappears always pulled to the top of the gorge.

in the water. Then we are attracted by a sudden After a long journey we reach the Dyak coun- shaking among the trees and see a monkey spring try, in the center of Borneo, high up in the hills.

from one branch to another. Then suddenly we see a host of them-a whole crowd of monkeys chattering in the woods.

Just ahead is a bend in the river. These bends become so monotonous at times that we wish we would never see another. On both sides of the stream, is the forest as far as eye can see, but no birds and blossoms with gorgeous coloring in Borneo. This flat monotony of land influences the Dyak. If there were more variety, more contrast, more beauty, the people also might benefit by it.

The Dyak is an animist. His gods are in the trees. Rather, they are not gods but devils, for the Dyak's religion is one of fear. A bird conveys a message. The Dyak seems to be one with the nature in which he lives. He considers it a bad omen when a whirlpool swings his canoe around.

He stops, pulls out a match, and burns bark as an offering to appease the evil spirits, before he can proceed. These are taboos and customs which he dare not ignore. In short, the Dyak has a reli- gion, but it is a religion of fear.

As we proceed up the river, we find many rap- ids to push through. The current is swift, and the boatmen have to hug the banks to make any progress. Seizing the branches of the trees, they pull themselves forward with all their great strength. Some Dyaks have developed a very striking physique, wide of shoulder and deep of A TYPICAL DY.AJK OF THE MOEROET TRIBE chest, wonderful specimens of muscular perfec- tion. The Dyaks are difficult to reach. As we approach, After the rapids, the stream becomes smaller we look here and there for dwelling places or and smaller. There is probably not a river in "long-houses," which are great long greenhouses Borneo over 500 miles long, but all are very swift built on poles and make up the Dyak village. They and rise rapidly. Borneo is like a cake, high in are made of bamboo and thatch.

the middle and low at the edges, a natural water- We draw our canoes up to the bank and look for shed. When a rainstorm comes, the water rushes a log that has been thrust down the bank and sedown from these mountains into the gorges. In curely fastened. In this log steps are cut in such a single night the streams rise fifty feet. In the a way as to make a natural ladder. If the water evening one may look down a steep bank and see is high, it is not necessary to use these steps. If a tiny little stream far below. A rain comes, and the water is low, the bank is slippery, and if that • Condensed from The Alliance Weekly. stairway were not there, we would have a hard [339 ]

time climbing up the bank. We tie our canoes to say, "Sir, we should like to invite you into our this log and gingerly step out on it. If we are not long-house as a brother, a friend. In order to do careful, it will turn over, and over we shall go. this, we have a custom, a rite which we wish to We climb to the top of the bank and mayor may perform. We agree, and the chief orders some of not have a reception. his men to get a chicken and cut its neck. They then take the blood of the chicken and bring it The Dyaks may not know there is a white man before us. The old chief may dip his hand or a within a thousand miles. In that case, when we piece of wood, in the blood, and put that blood on appear, the children see us first and immediately our forehead, our hand, and our foot. They bring dash for the log that leads into the long-house. some water and the old chief takes a branch, dips In a mad scramble they rush up the steps and it in the water, and sprinkles us with it. After disappear. The Dyak dogs see us and begin to performing some other rites, he says, "Now you howl. They are small, mangy-looking dogs. As are no longer a stranger, an alien; you are just we draw near the long-house, we wonder if any- like a Dyak. We"believe in you. We trust you. body is around. We see wooden images cut from You can sleep here. You oan have fellowship with wooden logs, and set upright, a grotesque image us. Your skin may be a little whiter, but you are of a man, or a bird, or a beast. The Dyaks cannot one of us, a Dyak." live at peace unless they set up these images. Finally we reach the stairway that leads to the long- We thank him for his wonderful hospitality and house and do not know whether to enter or not. for the honor they have done us. We then begin to tell them how they may have fellowship with TWO CHRISTIAN DYAK BIBLE SCHOOL STUDENTS the great God of heaven. We tell them about the Blood of Christ which speaketh better things, and Sometimes it is very foolish to go in unless we about the water of cleansing. As we preach Jesus are invited. Eyes peer out at us through the walls, and Him crucified, as we tell how Christ's Blood the dark eyes of the children and women. Per- can be applied to them, their own custom makes haps the chief comes to the door and invites us it easier for them to oomprehend. to enter. There is usually a railing on each side of these log step-ladders. The door is low, and Some modern critics may think the Blood too we have to bend down to enter. Most of the long- deep a subject to present to the Dyak, but with houses are very gloomy, and if light is wanted, a the Spirit's help, there is no one who cannot unportion of the roof is raised. derstand. There is nothing we present to the Dyaks they so readily understand as Jesus Christ, A partition extends down the center of the God's Son, giving His life, pouring out His Blood whole length of the long-house. The families live for them. When we tell them that Blood can be on one side, which is further partitioned off. Here applied to them, that they can become God's chilthey sleep, cook, and eat. The other side is left dren, no longer aliens, no longer afar off, no longer open, and here they do all their talking. The floor strangers, but through the Blood brought nigh by is made of bamboo splints, not interlaced, but laid Jesus Christ, the truth lifts their pall of darkacross the poles or beams. Looking down one can ness and breaks their chains of false superstition. see the chickens, dogs, cats, and pigs on the ground It takes away heaviness from their hearts and below. The Dyaks keep their chickens in wicker they receive the light and respond to the love of cages. As we walk across the floor, the whole God revealed in Jesus Christ. building trembles; and if the building is old, it even shakes if a little dog runs across it. Then we begin to question them and sing little hymns in the Malay language. The chief brings a mat to the center of the hall and invites us to sit down. Then the chief may What can wash away my sins? Nothing but the blood of Jesus.

As we sing, we tell the story and as we pray, the Spirit of God works. As we lift up Jesus to the Dyaks, they, too, are made a "habitation of God through the Spirit."

One of our Dyak students became estranged from the rest of his people through his discon- tinuing the observance of Dyak superstitions and religious practices. Then he came and heard the Gospel, going back later among his people to tell them the glad news that Jesus saves. That Dyak boy and I are not aliens. We both speak the same language. Many, many times we have knelt and prayed together.

Younger Men's Missionary

By the REV. MILLS J. TAYLOR, D.D., Philadelphia, Pa.

Associate Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, United Presbyterian Church N EARLY a thousand persons, of whom ap- "World peace and the avoidance of war are secured only proximately two-thirds were laymen, reg- by the spread of vital Christian religion as it should be istered as delegates for the four-day lived in each country and practiced in international trade sessions of this Congress in the Stevens Hotel, and intercourse. The perilous problems of our time pres- Chicago, May 2-5. They came from twenty-seven ent a new sense of the urgency which makes delay in adstates and ten or twelve foreign countries. Among vancing the Christian movement perilous." the men were 299 Protestant ministers and· one Jewish rabbi. Sixty-four women were regularly "The weakness in our present system is not the validity registered and "listened in" from the gallery. of our motives but ignorance of the facts." Twenty-six foreign missionaries took part in the program and thirty-six Foreign Mission Boards "The fundamental difficulty of the present time is the cooperated in the Congress. sense of dire need in the homeland. But the abandonment of help to churches in mission lands would destroy the The place of meeting is about the last word in internationalism of Christianity." accommodation for such a gathering-comfortable and convenient, with commodious rooms for "The Congress finds that the pulpit is the largest single group, committee and mass meetings. In spite of hope of an aroused church. There should be more and the special rates offered by the hotel, many dele- better preaching of missions." gates were under the necessity of seeking accommodations elsewhere at lower rates. "Missions committees should be established in local churches." "JESUS CHRIST AND THE WORLD TODAY" was the Congress theme. Like a shining thread it "Schools of Missions should be encouraged." ran through the program, an ever present thought "Accent needs to be laid on the missionary education of in all meetings and addresses. The song services, men. The Congress commends the plan of men's organizaskillfully conducted, and the Scripture readings tions for missions." and devotional talks, impressively led, kept the Congress in a reverent and worshipful attitude, One of the most interesting moments was when ready to hear what the Spirit might say through a pastor, the Rev. George A. Brown of Elyria, any speaker. Ohio, told the Congress of a "Men's Missionary League" that is growing in popularity and power The conference nature of the Congress had been in his congregation. thoroughly planned by arranging for twenty groups to meet simultaneously in four unhurried At one point during the Congress the executive sessions under the general supervision of Dr. committee of the Laymen's Missionary Movement Cleland B. McAfee, Secretary of the Board of invited the secretaries of the Mission Boards and Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church. others to meet for unhurried counsel about the Each group was presided over by a young lay- weakness and strength of this organization and man who, as a rule, had associated with him rt its plans and prospects for the future. This was missionary, a young pastor and a board secretary. a heart-to-heart conference when difficulties were In some instances the presence of a Christian na- frankly faced. The immediate result was that the tional from some mission field added interest and laymen were again assured of the desire of the strength. One of these groups was fortunate in secretaries to have the movement remain a layhaving Dr. C. J. Lin, President of Fukien Uni- men's affair, managed and financed by them, facversity, Foochow, China. Each group appointed a ing living issues with Jesus Christ in the world committee to prepare findings which were sent to today and with the promise that, in the future as a general committee to be studied and prepared in the past, the Mission Boards would offer counfor final approval by the Congress. sel and assist the laymen to secure effective speakers. Certain sentences stand out here and there in these findings: One result of the Congress was that the Lay- men's Missionary Movement was encouraged to seek a sounder basis financially by enrolling thou- sands of laymen for a small fee and in other ways to raise a fund to articulate its program. The Movement's executive committee has the author- ity to prepare a program and to build a suitable organization for carrying it out, but the Mission [341 ]

Boards will not be solicited nor expected to assist sia, India, Africa. The closing address by Dr. in financing the Movement. Its work is "to enlist Robert E. Speer stated graphically what the the interest of men in Christian missions and to Christian missionary enterprise has been and still encourage them to discharge that responsibility is, and challenged the coming generation, into through the missionary boards with which their whose hands "the torch" is being placed, to accept church membership identifies them." the challenge and hold up the Cross of Christ.

As to the program of the Congress, one hesi- Appropriate responses to this challenge were tates to mention particular addresses among the made by an American Student Volunteer and a many that were informing and inspiring. Plans young Christian national from India, among are under way to publish some of them in this whose closing words, and almost the last words magazine. Having been present throughout the of the Congress, were these, ". . . men and National Men's Missionary Congress, held in Chi- women will catch the torch from those splendid cago in 1910, I can say that in missionary pas- Christian personalities who have so remarkably sion, world vision, loyalty to Jesus Christ, scholar- demonstrated the power of Jesus Christ. The ship and experience the messages at Chicago this youth of India are very much impressed by this year lacked nothing that was heard in the Con- devotion and intend to carryon. It is with this gress twenty-five years ago. There was lacking thought that the meaning of Christ becomes persomething of the size and therefore impact upon sonal to me. As one of those who have been loved, the church which the former National Congress led and lifted by the Spirit of Christ and who gained by being the climax to a series of great have given themselves to the great program of state conventions. reconstruction in India, I feel that it is my privi- lege and obligation to walk the Indian road with The opening address was delivered by Dr. Sher- Christ and my fellow workers. I am convinced wood Eddy. Other speakers were Bishop George that the power of Jesus will make us able to bear Craig Stewart, John A. Mackay, Roy A. Burkhart, the responsibilities we must face. In India, as J. Warren Hastings, Ralph C. Hutchison, Fred- everywhere on this bewildered planet, it is Christ erick A. Agar, missionaries from at home and or chaos." a;broad, nationals from China, Japan, Korea, Per- Findings of the Younger Men's Missionary Congress Based on the Reports of the Group Conferences, Dr. Cleland B. McAfee, Chairman Motives for the Missionary Enterprise which disrupts the human family is the restored family of God with right relations among all its T HE Congress sees no weakening of the five members, God seen as its Father and all men as fundamental motives which have become his- brethren in Christ. toric : the commission of Christ; the need of the world for all that Christ brings; the nature (c) Both the historic motives and those peof the Christian faith in its universal truth and its culiar to our time involve a new sense of urgency value for all men; the need of the home church which makes delay in advancing the Christian to fulfil its life in the widest expression of its movement perilous and unchristian. The fullness spirit; and the work already done and now in of life which Christ brings is needed at once. progress in all lands. (d) The weakness in the present situation is (a) These motives must be supplemented for not so much refusal of the validity of these moour own day by the need for Christ as the only tives in the hearts of Christian believers as gensolution to all world problems. World peace and eral ignorance of the facts and needs of missions. the avoidance of war are secured only by the The need is not for more motives but for more spread of a vital religion lived in daily life and in understanding of the world and the power of international relations. International Christian- Christ in caring for its needs. Weare more or ity is an essential part of the program of the less "side-stepping" the real issue when we dis- Church. The impulse to supply an adequate re- cuss motives, whereas the real problem is to get ligion to all people is a natural Christian response the facts of missions known to the people of the to the inner urge of faith in Christ. Church. – (b) These historic motives need constant re- Objections to Mission Work interpretation, always adjusted to the conditions of the world and yet always held in right relation The Congress learns of few new objections to to Christ as the moving force of the Christian missions at home or abroad. They continue to be faith. The only cure for the sin of the world such objections as recurring nationalism, pro- vincialism, sectarianism, and common selfishness.

FINDINGS OF THE YOUNGER MEN'S MISSIONARY CONGRESS

In some quarters there are fears regarding exist- only temporarily to foreign agencies and to pass ing missionary operations either on the field or in the home lands, but these are not against the work in direction and control as rapidly as possible into of missions as a whole. hands of the people of the lands where the work The fundamental difficulty of the present time is the sense of dire need in the home lands, is done. The Congress would express its hearty whether it would not be well to direct attention to the cure of evils which make America so often an fellowship with the brethren of these churches as argument against the principles of Christ, as in race prejudice, exploitation of the weak, selfish full partners with the sending churches in the one attitudes toward other groups in the same nation, etc. The laymen of America can make a great cause of Christ. . contribution to world missions by laboring with greater zeal for a really Christian social order Missions in the Home Churches here. At the same time there seems to the Congress no effective way of distinguishing between The Congress finds that the pulpit is the largest the local ministry of the Gospel of Christ and its single hope of an aroused Church. There should world-wide service. The argument for· world- be more and better missionary preaching throughwide work increases rather than lessens the de- out the Church. However, the pastor is powerless mand for more effective service in the home lands. unless he has at least a nucleus of laymen who The need of the world is not less because the need will take the work seriously and devote to it the of the West presses so heavily on the churches of time required for the spread of effective inforthe West. mation. The training of the Church needs to be- gin with its youth and the Congress renews the The growing strength of the churches in mis- appeal for larger and more effective use of mission lands should not prevent continued concern sions in the Sunday schools and Young People's for their development. They are still far from Societies of the churches. A special missions comadequate to carry the whole burden of evangel- mittee in the local church is urged, formed from izing their own lands while strong Western various groups in the church which will advance churches are able to aid them. Abandonment of the interest of missions in all bodies of the church them at this stage would tend to destroy the inter- life. Accent needs now to be laid on the education nationalism of the Christian Church which is so of men regarding missionary work, for the deepmuch to be desired. ening of their sense of obligation. It is urged that there be a large development of the specific object The Congress realizes the effort so widely made plan of support of missionaries and the Boards to interpret the faith of Christ in undenomina- are reminded that the Church looks to them for tional terms in its presentation to new groups but the statesmanship need for the hour. Local official it feels that one of the weaknesses of the present boards are not agencies for the local work alone situation is the tendency to reproduce on mission but are responsible for making the Church what fields the distinctions and denominations which a Christian Church ought to be as a world factor. obtain in the West. Without passing on the wis- There is needed a clearer assurance of the coopdom of this in certain ways and at certain points eration of forces on the field as an inspiration to the Congress still feels that it should be given churches at home, so that their own programs can greatest consideration by those who are respon- be unified. For this reason the development of sible for future plans. group gatherings for the propagation of the mis~ sionary idea is much desired. Changes to Meet the Present Situation The attention of the home church should be di- The Congress makes few suggestions regarding rected to the enormous areas yet untouched by definite changes that may be possible or desirable. Christian missions as an encouragement to more It simply urges that every effort be made to keep active participation in the work. The existence the work fully sensitive to the current situations of men's organizations for missions is gladly in the world. This will involve a frank recogni- recognized and the Congress commends the plan tion of values now known to exist in present reli- to thoughtful consideration. Schools of Missions gions and cultures, appreciation on the part of should be encouraged. Missionary education missionaries, together with most careful prep- should be made a regular feature of every church aration and selection of missionaries. It involves program and sustained by the men as well as by recognition of needs newly sensed in all lands, the women and young people. The Congress such as that among rural populations and the earnestly desires the unifying of interdenominaelimination Of leprosy. It involves also the treat- tional missions in local churches. It calls for a ment of the work as one enterprise committed more effective offering of Jesus Christ to the young people in terms which show His right to their loyalty and devotion and His winsomeness for their lives. It desires the extension of the present growing movement for week-day religious

instruction during public school hours so that the ship with them in the work which we feel they young people may be informed and instructed in are doing not alone for Christ and for those who missions and in the total Christian program. know him but little, but for us as well. We look upon them as our representatives in a work which The Congress instructs the Executive Commit- is committed to us as well as to them. We have tee of the Laymen's Missionary Movement to issue confidence in them and bid them Godspeed in the and send to the missionaries in foreign lands and work which is both ours and theirs. in America its assurance of affectionate fellow- What Jesus Can Mean to India An Address Delivered at the Younger Men's Missionary Congress, Chicago By KONIGAPOGU JOSEPH DEVADANAM, H yderabad, Deccan O NE of my first memorable experiences after vast improvements in the very conditions we have coming to America taught me something been describing. I have seen these people with- significant about missions. I was walking out any thought of personal reward or advancetoward the university campus one morning when ment bring security to the economically disenfrana small boy ran up to me, looked at my dark com- chised, bring enlightenment to thousands who plexion with a thunderstruck expression, and were groping in the darkness of ignorance, give shouted, "Do you know what my mother told me?" adequate prevention and cure for the diseases which ravaged the cities and villages, give val- "What did she tell you?" I answered. uable help in understanding the faiths and tradi- "She told me not to drink black coffee!" Once tions of others in the light of a Christian view of again he looked at me as if he had made an im- life, and bring courage, hope and high resolve to portant discovery. "I'll bet you drank some!" the lives of many people. I have also seen Chris- Ever since that warning I have been using a tian ethics penetrating into the national life, as great deal of cream in my coffee, with no results illustrated by Gandhi's program of nonviolence. whatsoever! But that small boy set me to think- But most significant of all, I have seen a revoluing. I wonder whether most of us are any less tionary change not only in the attitude toward naIve in our thinking about international ques- castes but in the Hindu system itself. For intions than was that small boy in his knowledge of stance, no sooner is an individual baptized into other races. But I am more particularly inter- the Christian faith, whether he be of a high or ested just now in whether we Christians, either in low caste, than he becomes casteless. This innothe Orient or in the Occident, really understand vation reached such startling proportions that it what Jesus Christ means to our human brothers gave impetus to corollary movements such as the on the other side of the globe. Brahmo Samaj and the Arya Samaj, branches of You may understand more fully than I the Hinduism which are built upon the social teachphilosophical and psychological differences in the ings of Jesus. religious and racial traditions of mankind; but I may at least present the viewpoint of a Chris- Furthermore, this Christian principle of detian from India as to what the religion of Christ mocracy has become so significant in the life of can mean to the bewildered India of today. India that it has far outreached the expectations India is bewildered because of its poverty, its of the relatively few adherents of the Christian illiteracy, its disease problem, its religious con- Church, as in work in behalf of the untouchables fusion, its nationalistic aspirations, and above all, which has shaken the foundations of Indian because of its pernicious caste system and the in- society and resulted in a nation-wide movement. humane effects of that system. Even though I paint a dark picture it is not nearly so dark as it Observing the changes which Christianity has was before Christ started to walk the Indian Road. brought, I understand the meaning of Christ in In my own lifetime I have seen people, both na- a still more personal and intimate way. I have tionals and missionaries, who personified Christ seen Him in my missionary mother, Miss Alice A. in their own lives, and who thereby brought about Evans. I have seen Him as a loving Christ as she walked through the compound of the school and

WHAT JESUS CAN MEAN TO INDIA

spoke to the little ones kindly as they played in by the spirit of the Christ may eventually feed the sand, dirty of hand and face. Moved with the one hundred million people of India who go compassion she took them in her arms and kissed to bed every night having eaten only one meal that the little ones as a mother would do it. Every day. It may save twenty millions who would have morning and evening as we sat on the floor she perished in twenty years by bubonic plague, fifsat with us and told us the beautiful stories from teen million who would have died of malaria, and the New Testament and taught us the Ten Com- the eighteen million who would have died of inmandments and the Lord's Prayer. She always fluenza in one year. The world picture of the concluded this prayer with, "God is our Father, missionary enterprise indicates that there are Jesus Christ is our elder brother and we are 25,000 missionaries shepherding over 8,000,000 brothers and sisters in Him." converts of the Protestant churches; 4,000,000 people are given medical aid, and 2,000,000 boys At that time I did not understand what she and girls are given educational opportunities in meant but now I see the significance of that prayer mission boarding schools. for this socially distorted and internationally bickering world. The reconstruction so urgently needed in India can be brought about only by men and women who Once I was desperately ill and unconscious for seven days. When I came to myself I found that will catch the torch from those splendid Christian I was in a mission hospital being attended by a personalities who have so remarkably demonmissionary nurse. A missionary doctor diagnosed strated the power of Jesus Christ. my case, prescribed medicine and knelt at my bedside in prayer. I began asking myself, "What The youth of India are much impressed by this makes these people so kind?" I came to believe devotion and we intend to carryon the work that then, and now I believe more than ever that it has been started. It is with this thought that the was Christlike love which motivated their service meaning of Christ becomes very personal to me. and sacrifice. Speaking as one of those who have been loved, led and lifted by Christ and who have dedicated them- My experience can be duplicated by thousands selves to the great future program of Christian who have felt the tangible results of Christian reconstruction in India, I feel that it is my privifaith and life as they have become real and active lege and obligation to walk the Indian Road with in the humble lives of men and women all around Christ and my fellow workers. I am convinced the world. Jesus said, "Inasmuch as you have fed that the power of Christ will make us able to bear the hungry, clothed the naked, visited those who the responsibilities we must face. In India, as are socially ostracized, and have healed the sick well as everywhere on this bewildered planet, it you have done it unto Me." Village reconstruc- is Christ or Chaos. tion and the social uplifting program inaugurated By Gourtesy 0/ UMissions/' Amer'l-can liltpt'tst jf'ore't-!Jn M-illsion Society A BAPTISM,AL SERVICE IN BURMA The baptismal service at Inyekyun, Burma, after a great ingathering among the Pwo Karen tribes. Under the canopy in the center 353 were baptized on February 5, 1933. Last year (1934) 284 more were baptized acrO'ss the river, and during a tour of 24 villages 616 others were baptized.

Rev. C. L. Conrad, of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society, reports: "Pentecostal history was again wr'itten among our Karens."

Twenty,-five Years of Missionary Progress*

-·. g.{11 By DR. J. H. OLDHAM, London, England 11.- I N THE summer of 1910 the World Missionary steadily increasing income. The events of the Conference met in Edinburgh. It was the post-war years have made clear the fact that a most representative missionary gathering ever return to the conditions prevailing before the war held up to that time. It was also a landmark in cannot be expected, and the great majority of the the history of Christian missions and indeed of missionary societies are having to plan their work the Christian Church as a whole, inasmuch as it afresh on the basis of a considerably reduced in- was not content to pass resolutions in regard to come.

what was desirable in the field of missionary ac- Notwithstanding the interruptions and difficul- tivity, but set up a permanent organization, with ties of the war and the post-war years the work a secretariat, to take practical action. of Christian missions has gone steadily forward, Thus it anticipated, in the sphere of inter- and there have been abundant grounds for encour- national missionary cooperation between the agement in the growth of the indigenous churches, churches, the similar action in the political field in the increase of missionary cooperation, in a taken later by the creation of the League of Na- deepening sense of fellowship, and a clearer light tions. The Edinburgh Conference gave an im- regarding missionary policy.

mense impulse to missionary cooperation every- A comparison of the figures in the World Mis- where, and there are today, in addition to the In- sionary Atlas published in 1925 with those gath- ternational Missionary Council, in the various mis- ered in 1907 indicates that in this period the num- sion fields and in the home countries from which ber of missionaries (not including wives) had in- missionaries are sent out, thirty-six national creased from over 12,000 to over 20,000, while the Christian councils or representative mISSIOnary number of communicants and of the total Chris- organizations, served by a staff of more than tian community had doubled, the former increas- thirty whole-time officers. ing from 1,800,000 to 3,600,000, and the latter The Edinburgh Missionary Conference ad- from over 4,000,000 to over 8,000,000.

dressed to the Christian Church throughout the The most conspicuous advances during the past world a message in which it referred to the mo- twenty-five years have been in South America and mentous character of the present hour, affirmed in Africa. In the latter continent the revolution- that the next ten years would in all probability ary changes in transport facUities have opened the constitute a turning point in human history, and whole continent to missionary work, while they urged that the missionary task demanded from have also brought new problems for the mission- every Christian a change in the existing scale of ary by opening the way to trade and industrial- missionary zeal and service. ism, and the resulting compliications, so that the Four years later the world was involved in the primitive African who had never seen even a World War. Missionary work was everywhere wheeled vehicle has been confronted by the aero- subject to restrictions and arrest, and the work plane, and men from the bush have been brought of the German missions in the territories of the to work in copper mines and to handle elaborate allied and associated powers, and in those which machinery. The central parts of Africa have been passed under mandate, was brought to a complete increasingly penetrated by missionary work, standstill. The provision made at the Edinburgh partly through the expansion of older societies, Conference for international cooperation made it and partly through the entry of new missions.

possible for the missions of other nationalities to The most important development has been the come to the aid of the Christian communities de- growth in numbers, in self-consciousness, and prived of their European teachers, and to mitigate in responsibility of the indigenous Christian the extent of the disaster, until in 1925 the doors churches. There has been an encouraging de- were opened for the return of German mission- velopment of native leadership, and the central aries to their old field$. task which awaits the missionary societies of the Up to the time of the War the missionary so- West today is how they may best use their limited cieties in all countries had been planning their resources to help provide the younger churches in work for the most part on the assumption that the the mission field with spiritual leaders for the needs of an expanding work would be met by a work of evangelization and for an effective Chris- • Condensed from The Life Of Faith, London. tian witness in their own lands.

[346 ]

the Mosquito

By KENNETH G. GRUBB, London, England World Dominion Movement T HOSE who glance at the map of Central teenth century to establish some kind of footing America might think it was an easy matter there. This they did by recognizing a kind of king to get from one coast to another at almost of the Miskito or Mosquito Indians as the paraevery point. In several of the republics such a mount governor of the region, and advising him journey can be made without any grave difficulty. through their consul. Nicaraguan Government But this is not the case in Nicaragua for there are was not effectively established on the coast and it really two Nicaraguas. There is the Nicaragua of was not difficult to maintain the system. Ultithe lake, the volcanoes and the chief cities with mately, however, it came into conflict both with the capital; and there is the Nicaragua of the justifiable national aspirations, and with the Mon- Atlantic coast known as the Mosquito Coast. Be- roe Doctrine, and was abandoned. There is no tween them lies a wild region of dense forest. In doubt that the British claim to the region was these days easy communication untenable, but their protection has been established between was appreciated by the Indians.

the two sides of the country by The author of this article Indeed, the Mosquitos h a v e aeroplane. But it was not al- has recently returned from an claimed that the last words of ways so. Few venture to make extensive tour of Central Queen Victoria were: "Edtheir way straight across the America. He was formerly a ward, never forget my Mosinterior by land and the usual missionary in South America quito Indians." way of communication has been and is unusually well into cross the great lake of Nic- formed on mission'ary prob- The Mosquito coast is for the iledmeasls. anHde iNs enwow Taesssotacmiaetendt most part low-lying, and covaragua (said to be the largest with the World Dominion between the Great Lakes and Movement of London. His ered by forests and savannas, Titicaca), pass by the smoking description of the lit tIe while a series of lagoons and island volcano of Omerepe to known people of the Mos- swamps fringe the immediate the old fort at San Carlos, and seaboard. The climate is damp; enter the San Juan River. This quito Coast of Nicaragua is some years ago a rainfall of river flows into the Caribbean 292 inches was recorded in timely and informing. Greytown. It is not really as Sea at Greytown, a decadent unhealthy as might be supposed and dangerous little port long since the heat is tempered by since closed to foreign shipping, and from Grey- regular and sometimes strong winds from the sea. town launches ply up the coast to Bluefields, the Pines are an interesting feature of the vegetation. capital. The journey occupies eight days. The The last serious hurricane was in 1919; there aeroplane takes less than four hours. was a serious flood in 1929. The epidemics of whooping cough in 1923, and of smallpox in 1931, The Mosquito Coast and the San Juan River both took a toll of the people. were once beloved of pirates. No ambitious and forward-looking pirate felt himself properly es- The population of the coast is estimated at about tablished in his profession unless he had made a 35,000 of whom some 20,000 are Miskito Indians. raid on the coast. Through the San Juan River These Indians live north of Bluefields and are it was possible to attack Granada at the northern found well into the eastern corner of Honduras. end of the lake, and Granada once was the center Other tribes are the Sumus in the interior, supof the Spanish power in the region. The strategic posed to number about 5,000 and a small number position of the river is easy to gauge from the fact of Ramas to the south of Bluefields. In Honduras that it is on the possibilities of this valley that the the Payas are still surviving. As lowland Indians discussions for a Nicaraguan inter-oceanic canal are classed, the Miskitos are a vigorous people and turn. Nelson himself made an unsuccessful raid are increasing in number. They are to some exon the Spanish defences of the river. tent mixed with the other elements of the popula- tion, West Indians and Nicaraguans. The position of the Mosquito Coast made it seem desirable to the British as far back as the seven- The Moravian Mission on the Mosquito CoaR1 [347 ]

was begun in 1849, and is therefore the oldest A statistical review of the mission shows an in- organized work in Central America. In 1914 war crease in total membership between 1915 and 1930 conditions compelled the transfer of the work to from 6,519 to 13,082. Communicants have grown, the Society for Propagating the Gospel, of Bethle- in the same period, from 1,743 to 3,721, day school hem, Pa. The missionaries are German, English pupils from 651 to 1,218, evangelists from 3 to 22.

and North American in nationality. On the field The financial depression, as elsewhere in the the work is under the guidance of Bishop Guido world, has compelled some limitation of activities, Grossmann who has been 34 years in the Mos- and the unsettled condition of the country required quitia. Recently in 1930 a new advance was made the temporary abandonment of a field in the in- into Honduras and the first station among the terior. On the other hand, although the Indians Miskitos of that republic was founded. A sad in- have built their own chapels, no church has yet cident in 1931 was the murder of the Rev. Karl attained self-support; the poverty on the coast is A. Bregenzer. He was killed on an interior sta- very considerable. Medical work has been opened tion by men under the leadership of Sandino, the quite recently on the Wanks River with a fully guerilla general of Nicaragua, who has himself qualified missionary; many of the missionaries since been assassinated. Mrs. Bregenzer and her have sufficient medical training to handle the com- two children were led to safety by local Sumu mon ailments of the people.

Indians. It is a remarkable work built up across the As a result of the nature of the population and years by a series of builders each of whom has the labors of the Moravian Brethren the coast to- added a stone to the temple. It has been marked day has been Christianized. The maj ority of the more by the energy of moral suasion exhibited in people are either Protestant Christians or indif- the lives of the missionaries rather than by any ferent. Roman Catholicism has as yet taken no vastness of organization or extensive institutional firm root, and the customary characteristics of investment. The example of solid and devotional Catholic civilization are wanting. The Catholic piety has been given to the Indians, and the treas- Church is fully aware of this situation and has ures of the Gospel have been placed within the taken steps to alter it. The Capuchins have reach of the poor and the uneducated. The beauty opened a convent and established schools where of holiness speaks more eloquently than the the teaching is excellent. Bluefields became a tongues of men and of angels, and, as a result, of Bishopric in 1915 and a campaign was started to many hundreds of Miskitos it can be said that the work towards "One creed and one language on the radiance of Jesus Christ has become the master- Atlantic Coast of Nicaragua." Yet toleration is, light of all their being.

on the whole, the order of the day, and there has The future holds its special tasks. Evangelizabeen no actual hostility between the various tion has yet to spread among the Miskitos of Hongroups ln the region. duras, and the five or six thousand Sumus of the interior. If the whole population of this region The usual languages on the coast are English can be claimed for the Kingdom of Christ it will and Miskito. The use of Spanish is now becom- mean a bright spot in the midst of the spiritual ing more common and it is the reasonable desire abandon of Central America. A second vital but of the government that it should be the language very difficult task is to develop in the churches the of commerce and daily relations. To the observer spirit of self-support which among a people who accustomed to evangelical work in Latin America neither possess nor use to any extent ordinary it appears unusual to meet missionaries who have worked for long years without any acquaintance of the tongue of Cervantes. In accordance with money, is no easy task. If in Nicaragua there the policy of the government the missionaries are should arise the same spirit of prejudice against now learning Castilian, and are thus demonstrat- the foreign missionary as has been exhibited in ing the disinterestedness of their aims, provided other parts of Central America it is only thus that the Gospel is brought to the people. It is simply the future can be safeguarded. As yet no real the plain fact to say that up to the present there Christian ministry has been trained upon the has been very little scope for the use of Spanish . coast but it is necessary for the property of the on the coast. Today there are one or two Baptist work that this should be taken in hand. For the congregations among the Spanish-speaking peo- rest, perhaps few would look to the Mosquito ple. This is a work that greatly need strengthen- Coast of Nicaragua, the scene of piratry and vio- ing and the missionaries, for their part, are ready lence in the past, in order to find the presence of to welcome workers who have the necessary ex- the Prince of Peace. But a faith that tells us how perience, more particularly in association with God was revealed in a cradle and on a Cross one or another of the missions already established should surely have trained us to watch for Him in Nicaragua. where we might least expect Him.

A RURAL PASTOR VISITS THE HOME OF A BANANA GROWER IN

Some Peacemakers of Cuba By the REV. COE HAYNE, New York Department of Publicity, American Baptist Home Mission Society A BLANKET of terrorism suddenly had set- The general election has been postponed until tIed over Cuba. A revolutionary strike on next autumn, since the principal candidates for the part of white collared government em- presidency declare the futility of any election ployees, including school-teachers and post-office while the Army is in control. Batista is virtual clerks, was in progress. The employees of one dictator, but without portfolio. Mendieta owes railroad went out on a sympathetic strike and it his continued occupancy of the president's chair was feared that bus and taxi drivers would quit. to the very efficient young man who received his Several months before the civil government under early education in a Friends' mission school at President Mendieta apparently had been on the Banes. The political secret societies are not verge of collapse, but forces counteracting the underestimating the power of Batista, who mainspread of disloyalty to the government had be- tains peace at the point of the bayonet.

come operative. The army held steady under the Cuba is the world's most important source of stern discipline of its young commander-in-chief, cane sugar. International agreements control the Colonel Fulgencio Batista, not two years before a quantity of the Cuban CrOP and the present low stenographer with the rank of sergeant. prices and oversupply of sugar in the markets The streets were ordered cl~ared after nine p. m. of tlie world have brought untold suffering to the and large groups were not allowed to gather in laborers in Cuba. Concerning Cuba's dependence cafes; trains, buses and airplanes were subjected in sugar, Jose Marti said in 1883: "A people com- to search by soldiers for arms and explosives. mits suicide the day on Which it bases its existence Teachers were given forty-eight hours to return on a single crop."

to work. Finally order was restored by the troops Cuba lies only about a hundred miles off the apparently loyal to their leader. It was said that coast of Florida and commands the only two the soldiers were receiving their pay but school- Eastern approaches to Panama. Cuba's political, teachers were complaining that they had no sup- social and industrial welfare constantly attract plies-books, pads, pencils-for their classes and the attention of American citizens. Young Amer- the government was in arrears in their salaries. icans from their history books early learn that [349 ]

the United States figured largely in the Cuban ond Baptist Church of Santiago. Many young War for Independence (1895-1898); thousands of people come to his services in Holguin where they tourists annually enjoy the delights of Cuba in meet for worship in his home. He enlists them in winter; American investment and trade in the Christian service. Slowly the church is accumu- lating a fund with which to erect a building. island have reached vast proportions. A recent visit to the Evangelical missions of Another Cuban preacher, Rev. F. Sabas, was Cuba revealed the fact that our churches through- converted under Pastor Barocio, of Santiago, just out the Island are after the Spanish-American War. His father had making genuine ef- been an ardent revolutionist and for a time lived for t s to continue in exile in Santo Domingo. Young Sabas lived their programs in with his mother in the reconcentration camp at spite of many hand- EI Caney and at the close of the war began to icaps. The prin- work for a new and better Cuba. Under the guid- ciples of denomina- ance of his religious teachers he became a worker tional and interde- in missions in Santiago supporting himself as a nominational comity druggist. Now, as pastor of the Second Baptist have been observed Church in Santiago, he is leading his people in from the earliest thrift and sacrificial giving. A substantial old days of evangelical residence was purchased in an unchurched section m iss ion s in the . of the city and, even while alterations are being made, the church holds its services beneath the island. The people wit h scaffolding. The attendance is increasing and who m Protestant we saw the primary department meeting on the missionaries w 0 r k include Cubans of both w hit e and Neg r 0 racial ori- gins. The language is Spanish. When A VETERAN CUBAN BAPTIST LAY- sugar prices we r e MAN OF BARACOA REGION, CUBA high many Haitians entered Cuba to work in the cane fields and built huts out of material furnished by the plantation owners. Pioneer missionaries were early recruited from lands where Spanish was spoken but native Cuban workers were trained in high grade mis- sion schools.

A vivid, interesting personality among the Cuban workers is Joaquin Antunez, a rebel cap- tain, who, after the Spanish-American War, estab- lished himself as a merchant in Yara. In 1903 he became the municipal judge and was serving his community in this responsible position when Rev. Teofilo Barocio, native of Mexico and pastor of the First Baptist Church of Santiago, came to Yara to assist the local pastor in special meetings.

As a result, Antunez was the first convert to be baptized in Yara, and immediately became a zealous evangelist in the country places. As he was expert with saw, hammer and plane he be- came a builder of chapels, but during the erection of a building he devoted what time he could to COLONEL F'ULGENC IO BATI STA, MILITARY DI CTATOR preaching. Then he was asked to forsake the OF CUBA carpenter's bench for the pulpit, and thus began portico because there was no room inside. Two his fruitful missionary service under The Amer-· junior classes met in the church yard. Present- ican Baptist Home Mission Society. He is now day pioneer missionaries in the remote Baracoa seventy-six years old and has helped organize district of Cuba travel on horseback as the pioneer many churches, one of which is the growing Sec- itinerant missionaries in the United States trav-

SOME PEACEMAKERS OF CUBA

eled one hundred years ago, carrying their cloth- farmer gave the Haitian employment and asked to ing, Bible, tracts and sermons in saddlebags. see the book, which turned out to be a Bible. As The only public highways to the mountain homes a result of reading this book the farmer, a Spanof the people are bridle paths worn deep by the iard, was converted. The Haitian and his white toiling pack trains. When a call goes out to the Baracoa district for a general meeting, the delegates must travel across the mountain ranges and over difficult bridle paths which are quite impassable during the rainy season. They must ford the streams and struggle through innumerable mud holes in the coves and valleys and dense jungles. But the conditions of travel and the poverty of the people do not lessen the service rendered by the devoted rural pastors.

The Missionary Spirit in Cuba PRESIDENT ROBERT RANTLEDGE, OF CRISTO COLLEGE, CUBA, The young churches of Cuba display a very commendable missionary spirit. The church at with rural pastor nearing a chapel in the mountainous Banes, when it was without a pastor, sent dele- Baracoa region gates to near-by villages to organize and conduct Sunday schools, one of which is the large mission employer began work together as evangelists and Sunday school at Negritos. This is an example recently Superintendent Robert Routledge was of the evangelistic zeal of Christians in Cuba. called to help organize a new church. The whole One layman in this church at Banes is Dr. J. Salas, community has found a new interest in religion. a veterinary surgeon, who has the oversight of the health of hundreds of horses, mules and oxen THIS IS PIONEERING on a huge sugar plantation. As there was no church in their end of the town, Dr. and Mrs. An increasing number of Bacone College stu- Salas started worship in their own, and other private homes, two in the city and two in the coun- dents, both men and women, after graduation, retry. This layman also visits a group of sixty Haitian Negroes who came from the neighboring turn to the Indian country to teach in rural govisland to work on the plantations. After a few months the group that met with Dr. and Mrs. ernment schools. Because of the poor living con- Salas outgrew the home and a hall had to be rented. Once a month Dr. Salas paid the travel- ditions of the Indian families with whom the ing expenses of a Cuban pastor, and after a number of converts were baptized these were organ- teachers make their homes and the inadequate ized into a church in March, 1934. The Cuban Home Mission Society, which was formed a few equipment of the school buildings the young Inyears ago, is taking this church under its care and a young graduate of Cristo College has been called dian teachers face discomforts that may include to the Banes church. cold and hunger and loneliness for the sake of Many children in Cuba are growing up without public school opportunities. In the country dis- their Master and their people. They went out tricts around Banes the people of the church became interested in the children of the plantation knowing the conditions they would confront. laborers and the Christian young people went out to four communities and opened schools in unused They realized that they were undertaking a task buildings. The administrator of the sugar company has been contributing the use of these build- that only Indians could accomplish-a service that ings and four dollars per month for each school. This is almost the sole income of the teachers. cannot be purchased with money. Four hundred Several months ago a Haitian Christian on a Indian children in a single county were without plantation north of Cristo was driven from the farm by the owner who accused him of being a school facilities before the going out of these Bawitch, having in his possession a black book that evidently had come from the devil. A neighboring cone graduates. And only Indians trained in a Christian school where Christian service is the keynote, will or can, undertake such a task. The Indian young people engaged in this pioneer work as teachers in neglected Indian rural communities have been highly commended by the Oklahoma Department of Education. COE HAYNE.

They "Rethought" Medical Missions*

Why the Laymen's Report on China Failed Adequately to Present the Facts By L. NELSON BELL, M.D., F.A.C.S., Tsingkiangpu, Kansu, China Southern Presbyterian General Hospital, Tsingkiangpu WHEN "Rethinking Missions" was sensa- sumably written by Drs. Houghton and Emerson) tionally released to the press and later was read, the overwhelming majority of mission- published in book form in 1932, evan- ary doctors were distressed and indignant at the gelical Christians throughout the world were unfair presentation of the subject and the warped amazed and distressed that such a book should be idea this report gave of actual work being done.

put out in the name of Christianity and in the Many of us knew that our own hospitals had not guise of a scientifically prepared, factually based yet been visited and we felt, probably subcon- report of a group who had undertaken to ascer- sciously, that our work was not involved.

tain the facts of present-day Christian missions Within three months of the time that "Rethink- and report these facts to the world. ing Missions" was published and copies arrived in Because of the denial, in this book, of the unique China, the writer of this article made an effort position of the Christian religion in that Christ to ascertain how many hospitals had actually been is the one and onlyt Saviour, the onlyt means of visited by some member of the Commission, but salvation from sin, the onlyt hope of eternal life, was unable to do so. Last fall reports came of evangelical Christians have relegated the report the forming of the Modern Missions Movement in to its proper position in the essentially anti-Chris- America as a result of the recommendations of tian literature of the day. "Rethinking Missions." I immediately wrote to Recently the Modern Missions Movement has Drs. Houghton and Emerson and asked them how been started to promote work that is i.n line with many mission hospitals they had actually visited the recommendations of "Rethinking Missions." in China. Dr. Houghton did not reply, probably Recent findings prove that in reporting on med- due to his moving from Iowa back to Peiping ical missions, "Rethinking Missions" was not about that time, although his former secretary scientifically prepared, nor was it factually based. wrote me that she had forwarded my letter to him.

We can prove this statement beyond the perad- Dr. Emerson replied as follows: venture of a doubt. DEAR DR. BELL: On the Laymen's Commission were two doctors In reply to your letter of October 30, I regret that I of medicine: Dr. Henry S. Houghton, at that time have not at hand a list of all the hospitals which our com- dean of the Medical College of the University of mission visited. Nevertheless, either Dr. Lennox, Dr. Houghton or myself visited every American supported hos- Iowa – formerly director of the Peiping Union pital in China, as well as those supported by other missions Medical College, and at the present time again in England and many of the private and national hospitals. connected with that institution; and Dr. Charles Phillips Emerson, professor of Medicine and dean Yours very truly, of the Medical School of the University of Indiana. CHARLES P. EMERSON.

A Fact Finders' group preceded the Commission Upon receipt of this letter I sent a questionto the field and was entrusted with the securing naire to all mission hospitals in China, asking of the data for its use. In this group of Fact whether they had been visited by any of the three Finders was Dr. William G. Lennox, a capable and doctors mentioned. A total of 220 letters were experienced physician and statistician, who under- sent out. To date, a total of 173 hospitals have took to ascertain the facts regarding medical mis- been heard from with the following answers: Visited by one -or more of the three doctors, 34; . sion work in China. When "Rethinking Missions" was published and not visited, 138; declined to state, 1. An analysis the chapter on "Medical Work of Missions" (pre- of the 47 hospitals not heard from shows that, due to their geographical relationship, it can be de- • Slightly condensed from The Presbyterian, May 23, 1935. duced that forty-one certainly were not visited.

t John 14: 6; John 3: 36; Mark 16: 16; Acts 4: 12; 1 Tim. As a result of the above, it is possible to definitely 2: 5.

[352 ] state that a maximum of forty of the 220 hos- ing Shanghai), but after reading their report, as pitals were visited, while 180 were not visited. found in "Rethinking Missions," and then read- ing Dr. Lennox's findings in the Fact Finders re- A further analysis shows that the hospitals port on China (Volume V, Supplementary Series, visited were along the China coast from Canton Part II), based on some thirty visits to mission to Shanghai, a few up the Yangtze as far as Han- hospitals, 120 replies to an extensive questionkow, and a few on the railway from Nanking to naire sent out to 235 mission hospitals, and the Peiping. Scores of outstanding mission hospitals "Prayer Cycle" of the China Medical Association, which were accessible were passed by. which contained statistics for practically every mission hospital in China, one is forced to the While Dr. Emerson thought all of the hospitals conclusion that Drs. Houghton and Emerson prachad been visited, the fact remains that out of the tically ignored the findings of their own repre- 220 hospitals, 180 were not visited. This startling sentative in that group. fact does not add to the confidence one might have in the report of Medical Missions found in "Re- To make the above point clear, let us compare thinking Missions." some of the statements of the two books.

But, the questionnaire sent out has revealed On page 202 of "Rethinking Missions," Drs. another point. Neither Dr. Houghton nor Dr. Houghton and Emerson report: "The story of a Emerson visited all of those forty hospitals. A typical American mission hospital will illustrate number state that Dr. Lennox alone visited them. how quality in medical work is easily lost," and It should be noted that the visits paid by Dr. then they describe the "typical" mission hospital Lennox were generally considered thorough and and doctor as follows: "During the busy seasons, satisfactory by the heads of the hospitals con- aided by his assistant, head nurse, and even his cerned. Such was not always the case where evangelist, he may prescribe for five hundred, or either Dr. Houghton or Dr. Emerson was the even a thousand outpatients in one morning." visitor. Here are quotations from replies: On the other hand, on page 455 in the above- "A mighty superficial visit." mentioned volume, Dr. Lennox gives the average "Dr. – – – called at our hospital for five minutes only, number of out-patients treated daily, per doctor, to call on me personally. . . . He saw my office only." in mission hospitals, at fourteen. This figure is "I may say that while enjoying the visit socially, it arrived at from carefully compiled statistics from seems to me that in spite of all my efforts to state my practically every mission hospital in China. The opinions to Dr. – – , he spent most of the time trying to two statements should be noted, for one finds a make me say things which he had decided I should say." difference between "14" and "500 to 1,000." "Dr. – – – was with us between trains on the same day." The "typical" hospital mentioned by Drs. "They were in this city and asked business firms about Houghton and Emerson does not exist in China, our hospital, but did not visit us." and the exaggerations in that account are too ob- "Dr. – – – was here one Sunday morning, and said, 'I vious to be taken up, were it not for the fact that have only half an hour between trains.''' they have been given such wide publicity. "We were disappointed they did not come, Dr. – – was quoted as saying he knew our situation." But to compare again. On page 203 of "Re- thinking Missions," speaking of the same "typical" General comments by doctors replying to the hospital, this assertion is made: "Correct diagquestionnaire are too numerous and voluminous noses are not attempted; important early disto quote, but the following are given as samples: eases – cancer, tuberculosis, and the like – are overlooked." "I hope you will expose the flagrant, unscientific jumping at conclusions of that Commission." In Dr. Lennox's report, on page 470, we find that the overwhelming majority of all mission "I also was filled with a bit of righteous indignation at hospitals are equipped for routine, laboratory and the prolific employment of exaggerated generalizations." other examinations for patients, and on page 471, regarding the use of this equipment, he says: "In "Many times have I wished someone would challenge comparison with hospitals in America, the pro- portion (in respect to urine examinations) of spethose – – ; to name any single hospital where one man cial examinations, especially serum test for has ever seen 500 patients in a day, to say nothing of see- syphilis, is undoubtedly high." ing that number every day. Once in my lifetime I have seen 120, but never again for their sakes as well as mine. Again, on page 201 of "Rethinking Missions," But 500 every day!!!" it is stated: "The days of the pioneer are past and the professional work of the modern mission med- "The Findings are hardly in the spirit of Christ or His ical centers is too often inferior to the near-by Commission, nor in keeping with the friends in the home- government and other non-missionary hospitals." land who give their money for Christian medical work or medical mission work." Over against this we find on page 476 of Dr.

There might be a possible shadow of an excuse if Drs. Houghton and Emerson had had only their superficial visit to rely on (according to the Foreword of "Rethinking Missions," the Commission spent two weeks for all of mid-China, including the great Yangtze basin, their headquarters be-

Lennox's report, under the head of "Governmental phases of mission work in that Province. On Hospitals": "Such hospitals are under military, page 605 of the same volume already quoted, in the central or provisional government or the mu- speaking of medical work in Szechuen, this laynicipality. One military hospital was visited, that man begins his first paragraph with this sentence: at Nanchang, Kiangsi Province. This contained "It is the impression of the writer that the aver- 1,000 sick and wounded soldiers lying on closely age of skill and knowledge among missionary docpacked board beds in unheated Chinese buildings, tors is distinctly higher than the average in attended by a medical staff of the dresser type, America." and without visible charts, nurses, operating room, X-ray or laboratory. There are a few gov- Drs. Houghton and Emerson are not content ernment hospitals and dispensaries for civilians. with their critical attitude 'to the clinical work in The Central Hospital in Nanking is in every re- mission hospitals; they also strike at the essential spect up to date and modern. The annual cost of missionary purpose of these hospitals. Inferior maintenance is $1,430 (Mex.) per bed. The aver- clinical methods and slovenly diagnosis and treatage cost in mission hospitals, including foreign ment of cases cannot be too severely condemned, salaries, but not including the interest on invest- either in America or China, but the aggressive ment, is $401 (Mex.) per bed. The two National presentation of the Gospel message in mission University hospitals visited were also first class. hospitals, whether by indirect impressions through These three about exhaust the list of good gov- the Christian character of the staff, personal work ernment hospitals." with the patients, or preaching in the wards and chapels, is not incompatible with first-class scien- "Provincial and municipal hospitals, of which tific medicine and surgery. In fact, it is a trenine were visited, were invariably primitive af- mendous asset. fairs, far below the standard of missionary hospitals in the same localities." On page 199 of "Rethinking Missions," we find these words: "The use of medical skill for ulterior Referring to private hospitals, Dr. Lennox says ends has been rightly challenged, in our judgment, (page 477): "We visited a dozen or more. They by social and religious leaders in India and can be called hospitals only by courtesy." China." On page 200 we read: "By many mis- sionaries the use of medical service as an evan- "Rethinking Missions" says mission hospitals gelizing device is earnestly defended. . . . On the are "too often" inferior to near-by government other hand, enlightened non-Christians frequently and other hospitals. Dr. Lennox says there are express their scorn of institutions which proselythree good government hospitals in China that tize the sick and helpless, who are least able to provincial and municipal hospitals are "invar- resist." On page 201 we read further: "But the iably primitive affairs far below the standard of use of medical or other professional service as a missionary hospitals in the same localities," and direct means of making converts, or public servthat private hospitals can be "called hospitals only ices in wards and dispensaries from which by courtesy." The above is interesting. patients cannot escape, is subtly coercive and improper." The picture of the average missionary doctor in "Rethinking Missions" is not very attractive. On Obviously, Drs. Houghton and Emerson have page 201 it is stated: "The impression gained forgotten that the Gospel means "Good News." from our study of the clinical work of American There can be no possible excuse for undue presmissions [i. e., the professional work of the doc- sure, or tactlessness in preaching to patients, but tors] in the Orient was in general one of disap- most of us are not concerned with the opinions of pointment." non-Christians in this matter, nor do we consider it "subtly coercive" or "improper" to use our Over against this we find Dr. Lennox writing hospitals as direct evangelistic agencies. We have as follows on the same subject, page 500: "On the precedent and example of the Saviour Himthe average, the missionary institutions excelled self, while most of the money contributed for medin the quality of professional service, in medical ical missions has come from those who expect the equipment and its use, in the nursing care of the message of spiritual healing to go hand in hand patients, in the housekeeping of the hospital, and with physical healing. Failure in this would be in the human interest in the patients and in sta- a denial of Him and a betrayal of those who supbility of the work." On page 493 of the same re- port us. One regrets, too, the statement regardport, we find: "There is no major surgery being ing the "typical" mission hospital on page 203, done outside of mission and a few other hospitals." where, speaking of the outpatients, it is said: "Too many . . . leave with a good Bible text and In the above connection, it is permissible to the wrong medicine." quote from another member of the Fact Finders' group, a layman, who went to Szechuen Province Compared to the above, we have Dr. Lennox's for the Commission and reported on various

HOW THEY "RETHOUGHT" MEDICAL M,ISSIONS

fair statement of the question on page 472 of his making statements which are directly contrary to report: those made by their Fact Finders.

Medical missionaries enlist with the understanding that In the defense of the parts of the report quoted, they are both to preach the Gospel and to heal the sick. as found in "Rethinking Missions," some may say They expect to win converts to the Christian religion from that as the Inquiry also visited India, this report among patients, nurses and doctors in the hospital, and is for India and China combined. This is true, from students in the medical schools. The patients who but it is utterly unscientific to have done so. Supthrong missionary hospitals number more than a million pose a doctor examined two patients, one with a year, more than twice al!! many as the Protestant Church membership of China. They are receiving a service of pulmonary tuberculosis, the other suffering with recognized value, and they easily recognize the manner acute appendicitis, and then after the examinain which such service is given. The attitude of most mis- tion he renders a composite report and diagnosis sionaries is that of the father of modern surgery, Ambrose on the two cases? Even a missionary doctor in Pare: "I dress the wound, God heals it," or again, "Pity China would not be guilty of this. For the laymen as an emotion passes, pity as a motive remains." in America to have had a clear picture of the sit- uations in the two countries, the reports should Most doctors believe that in their medical service they have been entirely separate. are fulfilling an essential portion of their mission. Of all doctors who answered the question, "In your work as a If a large business corporation had sent out cermedical missionary, which do you regard as the most important, the proper medical care of the patient or efforts towards his evangelization?" the largest number, 67 per tain representatives to secure facts on which to cent, replied that both were equally important and could not be separated. project its future work, and these representatives had made their report as the medical report in The missionary doctors of China had a right to "Rethinking Missions" was made, some of the expect from the doctors on the Laymen's Inquiry officials of that corporation would certainly ask the same quality of scientific purpose and method some very searching questions of their own. The in this Inquiry which was demanded of them in most charitable thing one can say about this med- their medical missionary work. Failure to use ical report is that it is a biased statement, the re- scientific methods, hasty and wrong diagnoses, sult of certain preconceptions and prejudices, plus faulty treatments of patients, all of these and a failure to make use of the facts which were in other things are placed to the discredit of mission hand. In other words, the statement made in the doctors in "Rethinging Missions." And yet we beginning of this article is true – the report on find those who demand such high standards guilty medical missions in "Rethinking Missions" was of making a generalized report on 220 mission not scientifically prepared.

hospitals when they had visited not more than If laymen of America foster and support the forty of these hospitals. In fact, a number of Modern Missions Movement with the aim of carry- these forty visits were made by a third person. ing out the recommendations of "Rethinking Mis- We find also. that one of the two doctors on the sions," they have the right to do so. At the same Inquiry thought all had been visited, only being time there are many hospitals in China which hope eighty-one per cent wrong in this belief. In the to continue doing the very best scientific work pos- third place, we find them ignoring the findings of sible with limited budgets, equipment and staffs, their own representative on the Fact Finders' but at the same time purpose to continue to preach Commission. In the fourth place, we find them and live Jesus Christ as the only Saviour.

"THIRTEEN GREAT MISTAKES"

To set your own standards of right and wrong, and expect others to conform to them. To measure the enjoyment of other people by your own. To expect uniformity of opinion in this world. To look for sound judgment and experience in youth. To endeavor to mold all dispositions after the same pattern. To be unwilling to yield in unimportant matters. To be discouraged because you do not attain perfection. To worry over mistakes and failures that cannot be remedied. To make no earnest effort to alleviate conditions that need alleviation. Failure to make allowances for the weakness of others. To consider anything impossible simply because you cannot perform it. To believe only those things that the finite mind can grasp. To live as if the moment, the day, were so important that it would continue forever.

-A London Jurist.

Oriental Students Return

-~~II~~~B_Y~A_R_T_H_U_R_A~._Y_O_U_N_G_'_N_e_W~Y_O_rk~~~~II~- THE first Japanese student arrived in America mmmg corporations; fourteen have been secre- in 1866. Today there are twelve hundred of taries of the Y. M. C. A. in China; and forty-five them studying in American colleges and uni- are or have been journalists. The number of Chiversities. The remarkable thing about them is that nese students who pursue journalism on their re- they are the picked men and women of J apan- turn to China is significant. A decade ago a news- students who will undoubtedly playa big part in paper in the hands of a coolie in China was rare.

shaping the destiny of their homeland. Today it is one of the arresting sights in every Dr. Inazo Nitobe, who for seven years repre- Chinese city.

sented Japan efficiently at the League of Nations, James Y. C. Yen, a graduate of Yale, succeeded was made a Doctor of Philosophy at Johns Hop- in reducing the number of Chinese characters to kins University; Viscount Sutemi Chinda and Mr. a minimum of accepted and recognized words.

Amaro Sato, two of Japan's foremost diplomats With the cooperation of newspapers and editors, of a generation ago, studied at DePauw Univers- great strides have been made in teaching the Chi- ity. nese peasantry to read and understand the printed Joseph Hardy Neeshima, founder of Doshisha, page.

the first Christian university in Japan, was gradu- The majority of leaders of the New China have ated from Amherst College in 1870. Miss Ume had the opportunity of acquiring a foreign educa- Tsuda, founder of Tsuda College in Tokyo, and tion. T. V. Soong, recently Minister of Finance, Miss Michi Kawai, founder of the Keisen Girls' is a Harvard graduate. Dr. C. T. Wang, former School of Tokyo, are both alumnre of Bryn Mawr Minister of Foreign Affairs, is a Yale graduate.

College. H. H. Kung, Minister of Commerce and Industry, Dr. Toyoshiko Kagawa, the noted Christian is an Oberlin man. The Chinese Minister at Wash- leader and social worker, studied at Princeton; ington, Dr. Alfred Sze, is a Cornell graduate; the Dr. Takuma Dan, head of the great business firm acting Minister in London is a Michigan Univer- of Mitsui, was trained at Massachusetts Insti- sity man.

tute of Technology; Viscount Ketaro Kaneko, for Filipino Students and Ot~ers many years head of the American-Japan Society in .Japan, is a graduate of Harvard University; In the Philippines, the dean of the Law School while President Shoshuke Sato of Hokkaido Im- of the University of Manila is a graduate of the perial University is a Doctor of Philosophy of University of Indiana. Judge Santos, of George- Johns Hopkins University. town University, is a cabinet minister, L. T. Ruiz, An example of the good work of returned stu- of Yale, is general secretary of the national Y. M.

dents occurred when racial relationships were C. A. movement.

strained as a result of anti-Japanese legislation in Scores of students from the Near East are California. The returned students in Japan never influential in the New Republic of Turkey and in hesitated to wield their influence in behalf of fair Syria.

play, and good feeling between America and Ja- Many more visitors from abroad have gone pan. about their tasks and served their countries in A recent survey of 238 prominent returned Chi- various ways as the teachers, the preachers, the nese students from America has revealed the fol- business men and others of their kind who have lowing facts: carried on with no publicity.

Forty-one are presidents of colleges; fourteen In America these foreign students not only are officials in the ministries of education; six sought the best in the classrooms, but have also have been premiers; forty-six have held cabinet garnered the worthwhile in American national positions; nine have been members of parliament; life, and this they have taken back to their various seventeen have been appointed ministers of for- countries.

eign countries; there have been four mayors of Young people, regardless of race, face the ques- cities, one governor, ten directors of railways, tion of ultimate truth. Emphasis has been placed thirty-three managers of banks, twenty-one heads on the Christian way of life and on the formation of manufacturing concerns, twelve managers of of personal friendships with Americans.

[356 ]

African Christian Teacher*

By w. SINGLETON FISHER, Elizabethville, Congo BeIge FROM personal experience I am convinced that woman named Nyameji came to his village with the native of the Congo is capable of great a strange message. Manika was away on tour. depths (or heights) of spirituality. He is as She told his wife and the other women that they willing to surrender himself wholly to the claims were accountable to God for their sinful way of of Christ as any European. He rapidly becomes a living, drew for them a vivid picture of a country man of real spiritual power if he wholeheartedly full of never dying fire to which their evil lives were taking them and she told them of God's son follows Christ. who had come into the world to live and die and Everywhere missionary people are discussing live again to save them from their wicked lives and from the punishment to come. Manika's wife to what extent natives should be encouraged to and some other women pulled up their fetishes, carryon the missionary work being done in their threw away their charms and professed to turn to respective countries. Some advocate the complete Christ (they are today church members). withdrawal of missionaries from the field so that the natives can have a free hand to carry the Gos- pel to their own people. On the other extreme Manika returned home accompanied by his fol- are those who fear to leave any responsibility in lower, Patisu, of whom you shall hear more later.

their hands and think that it will be many years They strode into the village with a line of trem- before they can be allowed equality with whites, bling natives following carrying baskets of fowls and then only after much intensive training. which they had levied in the districts they had I am going to try to present a brief sketch of a been patrolling. The women clapped continuously native I know. My object is to enable him to win for about ten minutes while their men settled your affection so that you will pray for him then down by their respective houses without saying a that he shall gain your respect as the man to word. The clapping over, greetings followed, reach his own people. Then I would like to show and a short report was given of what had hap- how necessary the missionary of the right sort pened in their absence. This report included a still is to him. My desire is to stir you up to more description of Nyameji's visit and its conse- real and definite prayer both for the native worker quences. Glancing round the village Manika and and for his missionary helper, and to help you to his friend could, without rising, see that the wom- balance truly this difficult problem. en's fetishes had indeed disappeared and they The people about whom I speak are very real, were worried. They decided however to laugh and are alive today, many having been my friends the matter off.

for many years, but I use ficticious names. "Yayo-o! Enu akwetu-u!" laughed Manika, Manika ten years ago was a kapita, a kind of "what a fine crowd you women are! Like a lot of children !" policeman of a type much used in those days by the Government. He is closely related to the big "Any strange story deceives them," grinned chief or petty king called Kazembi. When the na- Patisu, "but why worry, they'll soon give it up tives in this area were still very wild he was much again ?" feared by the natives over the whole countryside. He used to go off on long trips and arrest whole Nyameji, a woman of great natural native digbatches of men who had not paid tax and bring nity, for she is herself by birth the headwoman of them in to the Poste. Wherever he went he took quite an important little clan, looked at these from a village all the chickens he required for his young men, resplendent in their government uniown personal use. No native, except a fellow forms and their conceit. Smiling contemptuously, kapita, dared call him by his name but all called she quietly said: him Nkaka, which means grandfather or master. About the time of which I am speaking an elderly "Kanchayila! All these things you have will only be like the things Kanchayilat gathers round • Having been born in Central Africa, and having learned to t A kanchayila is a chrysalis that builds its cocoon· by neatly binding together dry sticks which it has cut Into even lengths, when speak the native language before my own tongue and then having the annual bush lires come if it is unfortunate enough to be within range the sticks soon catch a light and the insect Is quickly burnt, spent nearly all my life among natives since I was seventeen, has destroyed by the very things by which it thought it had insured for itself peace and protection. taught me a great respect for the native, his language and his ways of thinking. W. S. FISHER.

[357 ]

him; they will make the fire all the hotter when uable worker for Christ. He is by no means the you get there." most promising of our native fellow workers, there are several more gifted and more deeply She was due to return home and so saw little taught, but he is a good example of the average more of the men before she left the village that African. afternoon. That night Manika and his friend slept little. The story their wives had told them Last year he gave an address on "Consecration" -of God's hatred of sin and of His gift of His to his fellow teachers and other native Christians. son, the warning of sure judgment to come, the He used a telling illustration which is a sample reference'to Kanchayila – all kept recurring to of the way natives teach one another. He said: their minds. Next day they talked it over and to everyone's surprise decided to believe too. They "There was once upon a time a family of ante- pulled up their fetishes, got rid of their charms, lopes, an old cow antelope and several of her chil- and began praying to God. dren. They were discussing the sort of horns they would like. Most of the youngsters agreed When Nyameji next went to the village she that the kind their parents had would suit them found them gathering night by night round a well. Although the possessor could not see them camp fire to pray and to recount to one another as they curved backwards, still they were sharp what they could remember of the Message. and serviceable and would protect them from their enemies. One young buck objected strongly. Manika was not a very promising Christian, 'N0,' he said, 'I want a handsome pair of horns since he was converted mainly through fear of that curve well forward, which I can see, and en- coming judgment. Although he broke with his joy. What's the good of something I can't see!' robbery and his immorality and with many evil ways, he remained worldly and was closely at- "'All right,' said his mother, 'you shall have tached to his worldly friends. A year or two after your wish.' his conversion missionaries came· to settle in the district. They were anxious to encourage this "What a magnificent pair of horns he grew! little group to carryon for themselves and so re- Sweeping well forward in a long graceful curve! sisted the temptation to build a station near them They gave the growing antelope many hours of and went to live about nine miles away. One of enjoyment, and he despised his foolish brothers the missionaries came over one day a week to give and sisters who were content with horns they regular Bible instruction. A native teacher had couldn't even see! After a few years a great also come to live among them and was one who drought came and all the rivers dried up. The had deep knowledge of the Word of God. Manika only water to be had was in a little hole in a rock. began to learn what being a Christian really is The antelope's brothers and sisters came and but the claims of Christ seemed too great. The drank easily, unimpeded, but he could not come man became more and more worldly and in a year near the water for his beautiful horns came be- or two fell into sin. He was suspended from tween him and the life-giving draught." ' church membership and was treated as an outsider by the infant church, though all the time the The story needs no explanation. .members were praying earnestly for his restora- Pray much for these native teachers and ask tion. that the missionaries may be given grace and wis- dom to teach them in such a way that they shall Manika was deeply humbled. He was a well- learn to depend more and more on God's Word. known kapita, and was in the royal line of the old They are surrounded by sin and vice; they have Kazembi chieftainship. He was used to being a background of superstition and fear. Pray that treated with fear and respect, and here he was they may daily walk so near to God that old tempbeing given the cold shoulder by inferior beings tations, that so easily tripped them up and do who used to look up to him – all because he had trip up cold Christians, may be powerless against sinned. If fellow men treated him like that, how them. could he expect a holy God to overlook his evil ways? Over the door of a cabinet-maker's shop in Lon- don there hangs this sign, "LIVING ABOVE." It Finally Manika came back into church member- is a notification to customers that he can be found ship a humbler and wiser man. He had learned above his shop if the door is locked. the value of the cleansing blood of Christ and began to serve Christ in his village. It is a great thing for a worker to be able to say he is "living above" his work; that his dreams The regular visits of the missionaries and the and hopes and real life are above the level of his careful teaching weaned him more and more from day's toil. He may have to work amid the clods his old worldly associations and taught him to and clutter, but at least he can "live above." No walk closer to God. His natural ability soon be- matter how lowly a man's work, his life can be gan to show itself, and he has now become a val- above if his life is hid with Christ in God.

Work in

Missionary Experiences Among an Unknown People By the REV. W. KENDALL GALE, Andriamena, Madagascar Missionary of the London Missionary Society T HE Marofotsy country is unknown to Amer- have heard about the praying and wish to be icans, even to most missionary circles. taught. We also heard that there was a mission- Twenty years ago it was utterly unknown to ary in Anjozorobe so I have been sent by our peo- British mIssIOnaries in Madagascar. We are pIe to beg you to send us a teacher." therefore introducing the readers of THE REVIEW to an unknown people of an unknown land. This wild, lithe, supple savage was in deadly earnest. He presented the missionary's wife with Frequently we had stood on our verandah and a dirty, dog-eared scrap of paper, with a few had wondered what there was behind those far, wobbly crosses on it but not a word of writing. northern mountains, imagining that for hundreds of miles beyond the lofty Ketsa range the land "What is this?" asked the missionary's wife, was quite empty. For some years after our set- scarcely daring to handle such a torn, filthy, tlement in Anjozorobe, as its first missionary, we ragged bit of paper.

"That is our petition asking for a church and a never so much as heard a whisper that there were teacher," he said. people beyond the lofty heights of northern Her eyes filled with tears as the· pathos of it Imerina. We had never heard of people having came over her. Where had those savages obtained explored the country, much less had we ever seen that scrap of paper, and from whom had they got an inhabitant from that wild land. However, the pencil with which to make those few trembling through curiosity we might have set out on an crosses? exploring expedition. The amazing thing is that we did not seek out the Marofotsy people, but the "The missionary will be home in a few days," she said, "I will tell him about your visit and give Marofotsy sought us. The story is sufficiently him this paper. Go back to your people and tell remarkable to be worth telling. them that the vazahalahy (missionary) will set out for Ambakireny and you shall have a teacher." One day a tousled-headed savage, a wild, scared looking creature in a loin-cloth appeared at the When the missionary returned home he and his mission house in Anjozorobe-then our station. enthusiastic wife sat down to consider what to do; The missionary was away on a journey in the she asked him to go to Ambakireny and the Moro- Bezanozano country but the missionary's wife was fotsy country post-haste. at home. He prostrated himself before her, flat "But," we said, "the L. M. S. has a debt of upon his stomach, quite as though he were the £66,000 and we missionaries have received orders Duke of Monmouth pleading for his life before to retrench, or at least not to extend on any King James of England. The missionary's wife account. did not feel frightened at the sight of this weird human-if he could be called human. She told "Bother the debt," said the lady, "you must go. . him to rise and led him within, asking him to take I have promised."

But we did not dare do anything for debts are a seat. This he refused to do, probably never hav- debts and orders are orders, and missionaries are ing seen a chair before, so he squatted on the floor. men under authority-irksome and deplorable as "Now what do you want?" she asked. such orders are when they forbid an advance or "Please, I have come to ask for a teacher." response to such a plea. "A teacher?" she replied. "But who are you and where do you come from ?" The man came again and again and the fifth "My name is Rakotomanga and I come from time he found us at home. We were faly-mala- Ambakireny in the Marofotsy country." helo, as the Malagasy say. We were curious to see this man of unbeatable persistence, a man who "The Marofotsy country, where is that?" had been five times to the mission house and had "It is three and a half days' journey beyond tramped 35 days on foot to beg for the Gospel.

those mountains to the north," he replied. "We "My heart and my flesh crieth out for the living [359 ]

God." We did not see what could be done. We fotsy country was inhabited, for the northern area sat there and talked and talked and talked. In of Imerina was being constantly raided by savage the end we said: "Bother the debt at the mission hordes from that land, village after village going house in London; we are at least going to spy up in flames, and its quiet, pastoral people being out the land." carried away into slavery. With a people of such a character, no wonder that tribes impinging on Having received our assurance that we would its territories were scared to enter, knowing it to visit them, the man shot off back to Ambakireny be a land of bandits and raiders, of lawless savto tell the people. We went and found a very ages and cutthroats. The average Malagasy is large village and saw many others, a few of the not heroic or adventurous and has no stomach for thousand scattered over the wide Marofotsy coun- dangerous and thrilling explorations in a jungle try. Later we founded a church, the first in that where "wild beasts" swarm. It is only within reterrible land, equally terrible both as to people cent years that these raids have ceased in northern and climate, for it gave us bad fever. Imerina. Now raiding has been destroyed by the Gospel of Christ because the missionary invaded European mails had come in during our absence that land and established churches in the raider's and one of the letters caused something of a sensa- villages. Unfortunately, within the Marofotsy tion. It was from an unknown gentleman asking country itself raiding, robbery, murder and the the missionary to select a trustworthy native evan- burning of villages are still prevalent. Two years gelist, place him in a dark spot, and he would foot ago two of our churches-and the villages with the bill. "Before they call I will answer; while them-were burned to the ground. Every few they are yet speaking I will hear." weeks one hears of such raids in the remoter parts of the country, and even in close proximity of our In every missionary's life there are supreme station. The French Government admits that the moments such as someone will experience when Marofotsy country is not being adequately adminhis feet at last stand on the summit of Mt. Everest. istered for the whole wide territory boasts of only That letter gave us one of those moments. We two French officials, one post office, not a single knew just the man for evangelist and he was will- European doctor, and only three very incompetent ing, even eager, to go. He is still at Ambakireny native doctors. For its spiritual needs there are and has helped to bring forty-seven churches into four Roman priests and one Protestant missionexistence in the eastern part of the Marofotsy. ary. Randrianjafy now has charge of this territory covering an area seven days by three, over which The Marofotsy history is extremely interesting. he travels on his donkey. That man is a hero. In They are of Sihanaka stock, from the tribe inthat fearful land he has buried a wife and eight habiting a stretch of country with Lake Alaotra children, but he has never so much as given us a as its centre. In the Central Province of Imerina, hint that he wishes to give up the work and return the land of the Hova, 147 years ago was a mighty to Imerina and a healthier climate. The land is warrior-chief c a II e d Andrianampoinimerina, nOw holy ground to him, consecrated by the something of a military genius, whose ambition sacred remains of his wife and children. it was to subjugate the whole island and make himself king. He was a kind of superraider and Who Are the Marofotsy? lived only to fight. Unhappily in those days Malagasy was only a spoken language so that our But where is the Marofotsy country and who knowledge of his expeditions is scanty. He and are its people? On the map of Madagascar you his braves swept like a tornado north, south, east will see a large, oblong tract of country 250 miles and west. The slaughter must have been ghastly by 150 in the heart of the broadest part of the for most all male captives were assassinated and island, with Lake Alaotra slightly outside the only women and children were spared. centre of its eastern boundary, and Maevatanana and Ankazobe bounding it on the west. It This chief invaded the Taifasy tribe, and realstretches southward to the river Mananara, and izing that they were no match for Andrianamon the north reaches to within a day's journey poinimerina and his army, they accepted the from Marovoay. inevitable and kowtowed. Women and children were segreg~ted in one valley and males in an- Until long after the French occupation of Mada- other. Then the slaughter of the males began, gascar in 1895, it was an unknown country, and only five escaping the butchering. even yet has not been properly surveyed. Missionaries knew of this wide tract of country but Andrianampoinimerina died in 1810 and was they had never visited or explored it. It was be- succeeded by Radama, likewise a great warrior, lieved to be absolutely uninhabited and desert. who set about completing what his predecessor Had the northern part of Imerina had a mission- had begun. Radama invaded the Sihanaka counary long ago (we being still its first and only missionary) he would have known that the Maro-

PIONEERING WORK IN MADAGASCAR

try and subjugated the tribe. With some sem- Within an hour or two every man and woman was blance of mercy he spared the males, but he en- lying sprawling about the village streets dead slaved the whole tribe. A proud, independent drunk in a stupor. The whole village resembled people hitherto, subjugation and slavery were a battlefield after a particularly furious fight.

more than the Sihanaka could endure. They re- For three days and three nights they lay there belled, whereupon Radama swept down into their unconscious, dead to everything; a picture too country again with the fixed purpose of deci- ghastly to contemplate. During those three days mating the whole male population. Thousands and nights, their cattle and pigs were in their fled, making for the wild, mountainous, unknown pens unfed and unwatered.

and unhabited land now called the Marofotsy. In the whole of that village there were only five As far as we have been able to ascertain that was children, three in one home, one in another and about the year 1820, for Radama began to rule in one in another. Except for three women, all were 1810 and died in 1828. For nearly 100 years the sterile. During our first pioneer journey, we dis- Marofotsy remained unknown, undisturbed, but covered a village where there was only one child. alas! they became disturbers. They had neither What was the cause of the sterility of Manakana? money nor cattle nor possessions of any kind so We attribute it to alcohol and immorality. Walkthey took to raiding and with it inevitable slaugh- ing to and fro in Manakana in the evening we ter. From that lawlessness it is not difficult to were surprised to see sixty or seventy huts, quite trace their moral descent from a peaceful, pas- apart from the village itself, though at no great toral people to absolute savagery, with all the distance from it. To our horror we discovered worst implications of that term in morals and that they were brothels, one belonging to pracconduct. tically every woman and even girl in the village.

Criminals who fled from justice came to this Thither boys, married men and old greybeards vast and remote hinterland seeking a place in resorted, at any hour of the day or night, utterly which to hide. They found security from discov- without shame or even thought that it was dis- ery and capture for none dared to hunt for them gusting. We saw old men and mere lads crossing among those lawless hordes. Slaves also joined the open space between the village and these huts them to save their lives or to escape torture, for -a sight that shocked the spirit and lacerated the slavery continued in Madagascar until their lib- heart. We ached to put a match to them and burn eration by the French in 1896. These then com- the lot to the ground, but had we done so we prise the Marofotsy tribe: liberty-loving people should probably have been lynched. We preached who became utter savages, criminals, and escaped Christ instead and within a year those brothels slaves-a pleasant mixture! These were the folks had completely disappeared without our having who were discovered to us when that tousled- said a word about them. One small Christian headed creature appeared at the mission house in church had razed seventy brothels to the ground.

Anjozorobe. Three years after its erection we baptized sixty- The Effect of Strong Drink three people in that church one Sunday morning.

Since then they have built a much larger one. For We made a journey to the Marofotsy country in ten years they have had a trained pastor and sup- 1915-as far as Ambakireny-to spy out the land port him without any financial aid whatever from and preach the Gospel there. Then we went home the London Missionary Society. Since the coming on furlough in 1916. On our return in 1918 we of the Gospel of Christ to Manakana, there has set out alone to explore the Marofotsy country never been another drunken orgy, neither has with a view to its evangelization. We founded anyone dared to reerect another brothel. The nineteen churches as a result of that journey. We entire village has been rebuilt, and no longer resaw debasing things and learned about others that sembles a town devastated by an earthquake or a cannot be related here. We visited Manakana, a tidal wave, but is filled with brick dwellings, village of about one hundred and twenty houses. mostly with upper verandahs.

Three weeks before our arrival there had been a On that same first journey we discovered the disgusting orgy in Manakana. The inhabitants village of Bemavo and came upon the people in had clubbed together and had sent men with $300 the midst of a drunken revel, coupled as all such to Andriamena (where we now live) to buy drink. are (or were) with indecencies which cannot be On their return the entire population sat down to named. In the Marofotsy country there are scores guzzle. Each afraid lest the other should get of sacred mountains. In a four hours' journey more than his share, when once a drinking vessel from Andriamena to Bemavo we had passed three was in his or her hands it was not surrendered such. Bemavo, however, had its own specially until empty. Drinking thus, like swine from a sacred mountain called Analavory, or "The For- trough, the effects of the alcohol were devastating. est of Meeting," situated on the summit of a

plateau 3,500 feet high. Frequently the popula- ination. Such practices were taking place many tion of the district gathered there in thousands. times a year until 1918 and such was our intro- Cattle were sacrificed, together with fowls and duction to this tribe. Bemavo now has had a turkeys. Famous witch-doctors assembled there lovely little church and Analavory, their sacred to practice sorcery, selling fetishes by the hun- mountain, is deserted and its altars have been dred; fetishes to protect or bewitch or kill or to stone cold these dozen years. ensure bumping crops or unlimited children. The witch-doctors have charms for all purposes, some The Gospel of Christ has abolished drinking, supposedly good but mostly decidedly villainous, raiding, murder, filth, lust, polygamy, sorcery, for among other things they dispensed poisons to disease and theft. God has been with us during rid their clients of enemies, real or imaginery. the years and He has enabled us to found more Thus Mount Carmel swarmed with the Madagas- than one hundred churches in the Marofotsy councar priests of Baal. There one might have seen try alone, and more than two hundred and thirty men and women by the hundreds making the hor- in all among the heathen tribes of Madagascar. rible blood convenant at which they gashed their We now reside in the Marofotsy country having breasts and drank each other's blood. After these moved down there in March 1933, the first and terrible scenes the entire mass resorted to a lake, only Protestant missionary. There is work for a and all, male and female, perfectly nude, bathed score of missionaries in the country, but, alas! we together. Then they scattered over the plateau are alone, and the London Missionary Society and gave themselves up to lust· without discrim- quite unable to furnish us with a colleague. Here are fields "ripe to the harvest. Pray ye therefore."

A Great Anniversary It is generally acknowledged that no other book language and literature, their art, their beliefs, has had so profound and world-wide an influence their ideals and customs, their laws and their on individuals and on nations, as has been exerted governments. The Bible and its teachings transby the Bible. In the early days of the Jewish formed England, Scotland and Wales; the innations, the rare old hand-copied Hebrew scrolls fluence of the English translations .sent the Pilwere almost worshiped; later the Septuagint grim fathers to North America, and has reached translation was more widely distributed; then out to Australia, New Zealand and other lands came the addition of New Testament manuscripts colonized by the British. It has had a marvelous and their acceptance by Christians in Europe, effect not only in the formation of strong char- North Africa and Western Asia. The Reformation acter and high ideals but has helped to bind Engand the invention of printing from type led to the lish-speaking people together by ties of brothertranslation and publication of the whole Bible for hood – in spite of differences in theology and popular use, until now it is translated into nearly church polity and places of residence. 1,000 languages and dialects and every year more copies of this book are sold and distributed than A representative National Committee of wellof multitudes of "best sellers" combined. Last known Christian leaders has been formed to sponyear the Bible Societies and private publishers sor the commemoration. This committee includes printed .and sold over 30,000,000; this is no sud- college presidents, clergymen, scientists, editors, den spurt but every year shows a similar record. authors, business men and statesmen. Additional Probably in the past 100 years not less than four state, city and denominational committees will hundred and seventy-five million copies of Bibles carry out plans for celebrating the anniversary in and New Testaments have been sold in many coun- various localities. The purpose of the celebration tries and tongues. This is in spite of the fact that is to call wide attention to the supreme value and a large part of the Christian world (Roman Cath- great influence of the English Bible so as to proolics and Eastern sects) have not been encouraged mote more diligent reading and study of its mesto possess and read the sacred Scriptures. sage and to increase its distribution in all homes. It is proposl2d to have many public celebrations on On October 4, 1935, will be celebrated the four a nation-wide scale between October 4th and Dehundredth anniversary of printing the first com- cember 8th which latter date will be observed as plete Bible in English-Myles Coverdale's translation of 1535. This has had a profound effect, Universal Bible Sunday.* especially on English-speaking people, on their • Printed matter for use in these celebrations may be obtained from the American Bible Society, Astor Place, New York.

Ways of

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~'=I= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = CONCERNING THE kindling the imagination and ments, such as: A penny for each giving occasion and lure for the inch of your waist measure, COLLECTION endeavor. The manner of han- your foot measure, your arm dling them determines whether length, your stature, or even the As an orator, money must be or not they shall become spir- circumference of your cranium. a spell-binder, for volumes have itualized and do their bit toward The woman's society to which been written on the subject of shaping up the stewardship ideal your editor belongs put nearly shrewd ways in which to lure that must always be our goal. $90.00 into an empty treasury funds out of unwilling pockets, Here the benevolence committee last fall by stature measureparticularly since the onset of may do its formative work. ments – and there was not an the depression. It seems a far Among these plans – good and Amazon among us either. A cry from the ideal motivation of indifferent – which have been spiritualizing note may be given stewardship to commercialized sent in for use in this Depart- by quoting the Scripture regardchurch money-raising in the ment, are what may be classed as ing the impossibility of adding a name of missions; but one who cubit to one's stature by "taking is accustomed to fearlessly fac- Culinary Benevolences thought"-and yet one may ining the facts hesitates to sweep definitely extend the mission aside everything but ideal meth- A Gold and Silver Cake: This cause by matching inches with ods until patient education in may be served as the dessert at money, etc. Similar plans are systematic and proportional giv- a banquet or as a climax to a hinged upon one's weight, age ing under the urge of steward- benevolence program. A wooden (and how many Methusalehs ship has had time to do its work. cake is done in silver or gold may be discovered in our midst Out of the sobering experience paint, or a large nan covered in the course of hiding the exact as a pastor's wife, your Editor with similarly tinted paper, with age successfully, although one could tell many a tale of wives wooden or stiff cardboard top woman of the writer's acquaintwhose husbands allowed them no cut to fit snugly. Holes may be ance put in 20 cents, when she spending money of their own made in this top to receive as had grown sons and daughters, (for alas! the marriage cere- many candles as you think the thus breaking the record of mony too often fails to make the audience can replace with dol- early fertility even among the twain "one" in the pocketbook!), lars (or any coin determined Hindus!). Various other parts and whose benevolent impulses upon). Take pledges by lighting of the human anatomy may drove them to hide behind the a candle for each such sum con- doubtless be valuable to hinge grocery or the dry goods bill in tributed. by promise or other- sacrificial giving upon, if the contributing a cake, a dozen rolls wise. It is surprising how the mainspring of stewardship be or an embroidered scarf for the lure of getting all those candles church sale. Such sources of lighted will lead the audience on. weak. generosity must not be tolerated permanently, but shall we ab- Making a Missionary Cake: Opportune Benevolences ruptly dry them up before we State the snecific object and the have done our best to remove the goal in dollars and cents. Pass These owe their captivating cause of the detour? This is a around a big, yellow mixing bowl lure to the capitalizing of occaserious question and applies far to receive the nledges and ready sions, events, circumstances, and more widely than you kindly, cash. Carry this to the kitchen may be made beautiful in humane husbands imagine. . and presently return with a large symbolism and suggestiveness. cake having as many lighted Among them are the love gifts There are, however, Border- candles on it as the returns in at Christmas time, the gratitude line B enevolences-way-stations terms of dollars (or quarters, if gifts of Thanksgiving and the enroute to the higher goal – of <resources are modest) .have war- sacrificial gifts of Easter. Then which some good may be said. ranted. there are Calico Year (or lunch- Among these are many pictur- eons) to utilize depression valesque plans for coaxing pennies, Biological Benevolences ues, the attire of the membership nickels and dimes out of their and the bringing of offerings in hiding which do their work by in which pennies or dimes are calico pockets to intimate that matched with human measure- [363 ]

economy should not begin with tionable way-stations en route to This Grace Also (John E. Simpson), the Christian Stewardship goal. $1.00 and 60 cents. the House of the Lord; Poverty Among the inspirational figures Order from your own denomina- Luncheons, wherein the mem- of thought may be mentioned the tional Board of Education, or from the bership are asked to "cut out Blessing Boxes into which a coin Baptist Department of Missionary what they crave and serve only Education (whose list this is by rea- what they need"; Treasure is dropped with the recognition son of recommendation, not author- ship), 152 Madison Ave., New York Hunts to gather up silver and of each one of life's special benegold ornaments for sale to ac- fits; the Sunshine Boxes receiv- City. Why not have a class in Stewardcumulate missionary funds at ing their coins on all the sunny ship in your annual School of Mis- such times as the Government days; the Silver Offering boxes sions?

advertises to buy the precious during depressing times with the A Benevolence Prescription metals, etc. Birthday offerings, keynote, "Every cloud has its particularly when funds other- silver lining"; Building-the-Wall Are you in low spirits about wise expended upon gifts are di- Blocks hinging upon a devotional the financial condition of your verted at the request of the in- theme concerning Nehemiah's church or your missionary entertended recipients into benevolent great achievement (Neh. 2: 17) ; prise? The Christian Leader, an channels, are of real consecra- the boxes kept in the center of organ of the Universalist denomtional values. An annual birth- the dining table and receiving ination, published not long since day party held by any given theIr sustenance whenever grace a story about Horace Greeley group features a central recep- is said before meals, and all the which it had found in The tacle in which little bags are long line of offering receptacles Watchman -Examiner. It ran dropped (containing pennies patterned after some feature of thus: equal to the age of each giver), the Home or Foreign field being Horace Greeley at the height of his the months being called in con- studied. As a rule, the spiritual power as editor of The New York nection with some program feature characteristic of May immaturity of a Christian may Tribune, received a letter from a flowers, June brides, July pa- be gauged with some accuracy woman who reported that her church by the degree in which it is was in a desperate plight. Its finances were in bad shape. The young people triotism, etc., and the intermit- necessary to loosen his purse were deserting it. The community tent procession formed accord- strings by means of devices. had apparently lost all interest in it. ingly. Second-Mile Donors are But let us frankly face local con- The church members had tried every ditions as they are and do the asked for (and maybe formed device they could think of – fairs, strawberry festivals, oyster suppers, into a league or club) on occa- best we can while setting about turkey dinners, Japanese weddings, sions when apportionments have a vigorous campaign of steward- poverty socials, donkey parties, mock not been met by regular sub- ship education that shall lead to- marriages, concerts and the like, and scriptions so that many must ward the Every-Member Can- all to no effect. Could Mr. Greeley suggest some new device for keeping make an over-and-above offer- vass with consecrated personnel the struggling church from going to ing. This, too, has its spiritual definitely set apart annually in pieces? e c hoe·s. A Gift-of-the-Month some spiritual ceremonial. Us- The great edi,tor's advice was Club has similarly been formed ing the Chest-of-Joash idea and brief but to the point, and most among Ohio Baptists because having the entire membership suggestive: "Why Not Try Remissionary funds fall so far march past a chest at the altar ligion?" short of field needs. Cunning and place subscription cards or devices in the way of Indian funds therein has been a means Capitalizing Birthdays moccasins to receive the offering of grace in many a church. For more than 30 years birth- during a period when the Amer- Stewardship Books day offerings have been a regican Indian is being studied; ular feature in the Sunday Japanese fans or Oriental trin- for use in group or private read- School of the Congregational kets in the course of this year's ing, in pulpit or prayer service, study, and the like have telling are: church of New Hampton, Iowa. effects upon the purse strings of The plan was adopted in resome people, and seem unob- Money-the Acid Test (David Mc- sponse to an appeal for funds to jectionable. Then there is the Conaughey), 35 cents. help in building a mission school great matter of The Sharing Life (Ralph S. Cush- in Africa, sent by a missionary Mite Box Benevolences man), 25 cents. belonging to the church. Her Jesus' Teaching on the Use of Money friends cast about for some way (Ina C. Brown), 50 cents. of complying with the request.

From the pure idealist's stand- Christian Materialism (new in Oc- After discussing various ways and means, the birthday plan point they might be considered tober) (Bishop McConnell). Junior Stewards of the Bible (Helen was adopted. This plan was exstumblingblocks rather than of- K. Wallace), 75 cents. plained to the children – just fering boxes, in the way that Stewardship in the Life of Youth where the money was to go and "The good is often the enemy of (Williamson and Wallace), $1.00 the best," and impulse giving is and 50 cents. what was to be done with it- and they soon became very enallowed to take the place of pay- Stewardship Parables of Jesus (R. C. thusiastic. They not 0 n I y ing on principle. But surely Long), $1.00. they are one of the least objec- Money Power (Chas. A. Cook), $1.00. brought their own pennies but

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

they got after their fathers and narily under this plan the amount con- with the national organization mothers, sisters and brothers tributed is about one-tenth of the total and expanding through the use and insisted that they all cele- church budget. . . . This sum includes of the Study Book, "Orientals in brate their birthdays by making all of their giving to specific objects American Life," into interracial a contribution proportional to as well as their contributions to cur- and international fellowship, their years, to the Sunday rent expenses. The advantages of the thus tying together into one har- School. plan are as follows: monious whole individual, or- ganizational and human inter- These birthday funds were Youth becomes church-conscious and ests. augmented by offerings on spe- missionary-minded through a study of cial days, such as Christmas, the activities supported by the budget. The ship motif made possible Easter, Lincoln's birthday and The educational program provides many interesting innovations in Children's Day. At the end of courses in the history and organiza- program planning and nautical the year it was discovered that tion of the denomination and in the terminology lent itself to a vathe church was able to send $100 practice of stewardship through "My riety of uses. Above is a reproto Africa. Responsibility" and other courses duction of the "Nautical Chart" graded for the various age groups. (Achievement Poster) which The plan worked so well that Wherever possible projects are fol- was used by the local units. The it has been continued. Each lowed out by youth to make the causes chart was displayed at the regyear $100 are sent to missions they support meaningful. The use of ular meetings each month and by the Sunday School alone, so still and moving pictures, dramatics proved not only an attractive dethat in the last 30 years our little and exhibits helps to make clear the vice but a helpful instrument in school-never over 100 pupils- values in the church program. stimulating the local society to has given some $3,000 to mis- attempt certain definite goals. sions. Properly used information and ac- These charts were sent out with tivities generate enthusiasm. This in the regular study course. Many became so interested turn, is a means of solving the p;obthat they continue to send their lem of holding young people in the Accompanying the chart were offerings long after they move church and increasing or maintaining eight gummed red arcs shaped to away. Contributions are being their giving. Experience has shown fit exactly into the numbered received each year from friends that the plan also develops leadership. white spaces below the points of in many states, even as far west the star. As a goal was reached as California. The first of each For information, address The Youth the red arc carrying the number month the names of all whose Budget Plan Committee, General natal days are to occur in that Council, 156 Fifth Ave., New York corresponding to the one in the month are placed on a black- City. white space on the chart was board; and when the contribu- placed in its proper position. tion is made, the amount is re- Fellowship Year When all the goals were achieved corded opposite the appropriate these arcs formed a colorful name. Many of the older pupils "Fellowship," the theme chosen border around the eight-pointed by The Forward Looking Comand adults do not limit their con- mittee of the Woman's Home tributions to the number of their Missionary Society of the Methyears, so the offerings run from odist Episcopal Church for 1934- 1935 had as its objective pro- 25 cents to $1.00. moting fellowship with God, fel- lowship with one another in the The plan has not only enabled local church, a closer fellowship the Sunday School to make its annual contribution to missions but it has been a joy and a delight to all who participate in it.

W. D. SPIKER, Pastor.

The Youth Budget Plan The Presbyterian tells of a way in which youth may become interested in the Church and share in its activities. It says: The Church becomes meaningful to young people as they enjoy its privi- leges and help to meet its problems. Under the Youth Budget Plan those from eight to twenty-three years of age take a definite share in supporting church expenses and benevolences through a pledge of systematic giving and the use of weekly envelopes. In other words, youth "stakes a claim"

and takes a share in the church life through service and giving. Ordi- Courtesy of Woma1l1's Home Mi8$ions

star gIvmg a striking appear- adapted to local conditions and a placard before each appearance) ance to the whole. At the center needs. The theme supplies the and tell their main features. A very the cross and the flag encircled anatomy. taking open meeting. Program leadby a wreath of laurel represents ers as "librarians," and luncheon comthe insignia of the society. It The figure of the journey is mittee serving at a "cafeteria." gives another touch of color as well as a symbolic significance always an attractive one, being 7. Trails through Our Denominato the chart. dynamic with suggested activity. tional Fields. A program devoted to the specific fields of the church, with To keep the year's goals be- Here is a brand new one : map talk, the refreshments being a fore the constituency and to pre- paddyfield luncheon and the leaders vent the auxiliary from being A Year's Journey on the trail-breakers. "at sea" regarding the use of the chart, a cut of the chart ap- King's Highway 8. Journey's End: We Unpack Our peared each month in the so- Baggage. Possibly annual business ciety's official organ, "Woman's An highway shall be there, and meeting with reports harmonized with Home Missions," with a few per- a way, and it shall be called The the dominant figure and the leaders as tinent paragraphs regarding the Way of Holiness. In all thy baggage masters. A station lunch next goal to be achieved. In ad- ways acknowledge Him and He counter may be arranged as at the bedition the editorial page pre- shall direct thy paths. ginning. sented regularly for several months messages under such 1. We Gather for the Journey (au- 9. Travelogues and Curios for Our headings as "C h art i n g the tumn rally, with luncheon or supper). Friends. Exhibit of articles from Course" and "Cruising the C's." Each department head or leader gives mission fields, with informal story- The subject matter of these edi- a forecast of plans for the year, and telling to incorporate the subject mattorials was of a practical and in- an inspirational address incites to ac- ter and describe the various peoples forming nature, which proved tion along whatever lines are to be thus exploited. Leaders as "narrahelpful both to the officers and majored, with Christian social service tors" and refreshments as a "cosmothe constituency. The Study along the Home Mission study theme politan luncheon." Course booklets were titled: prominent. Travelers' songs and spe- cial music. Luncheon or supper com- 10. Gifts for Companions of the The Com pas s (devotional mittee designated as providing "the Road. A shower or summer Christunit) , station lunch counter," and program mas tree or some other plan to gather leaders as tourist agents. Tourist supplies for some definite worker or The Charted Course (educa- tickets with the rest of the year's top- field, or for an outgoing missionary. tional and social unit), ics built in like sections of a folder may be used if desired. Some may If tourist nomenclature is desired, The auxiliary Book of Plans wish to semidramatize with station designate the president as the Eagle published each year as a hand- features. Scout, the first vice-president as Bookbook for local auxiliary officers, ing Agent, the second as Merry Maker committee chairmen and leaders 2. We Explore the Homeland. Use (social leader), the third (if she has of local young people's and ju- the Home Mission theme with which- charge of making hospital supplies, nior groups bore the caption, The ever study book is desired, dramatiz- etc.) as Equipment Officer, the re- Official Log. ing its main points or dividing the cording secretary as the Tourist principal subject matter up into a Scribe, the corresponding secretary as These plans together with the series of short talks after the relay the Lookout, the treasurer as Purser, many original and clever ideas fashion of a race or journey. Ma- the study or reading chairman as that the conference, district and terial on pioneers (see the June RE- Baedeker Guide, the music chairman auxiliary officers projected made VIEW, pp. 266 and 303, also its other as Cheer Leader, the house or kitchen Fellowship Year a voyage of en- Home Mission articles) will furnish chairman as Porter, the civics chairchantment and discovery. sidelights. Luncheon committee as man as S;tfety Agent, the membership commissary agents and program lead- chairman as Advance Agent and the MRS. V. F. DEVINNY, ers as scouts. publicity chairman as Reporter.

National Corresponding Sec- 3. Highways and By-Ways in the Churches having an annual school retary in charge of Pro- Sunny Southland. Similar use of the of missions never can count on any- motion. Foreign Mission theme, Latin-Amer- thing like a· full enrollment from the ica. Spanish music, costuming, etc., various units in the organization; so READY-TO-USE MATERIAL may give color. Luncheon by "tortilla some such bird's-eye view of the lead- vendors" and program by "Spanish ing study books as the foregoing out- Many requests come to this guides." Decorate with Mexican and line affords puts the woman's or the Department for themes for year Cuban curios. young people's society into touch with books, series of programs, com- the themes which are so largely feaplete outlines, etc.; and while it 4. On the Trail of the Wise Men. tured in current missionary magazine is difficult for the Editor to re- Christmas meeting with suitable can- literature. spond individually, the following tata or other dramatic program, posare submitted for adaptation sibly put on by girls' or at least young REASONS FOR TITHING among those who find their own people's organization. Program leadprogram building difficult. A ers as "followers of the Star." 1. The tenth of one's net income is year's outline, with its connect- a fair minimum for proportionate giving vertebrre in place, is easily 5. Fun and Fellowship with Other ing. World Travelers. ' An all-church din- ner sponsored by the missionary or- 2. The tithe is a Scriptural stand- ganization in question, with tables for ard. Love gifts should not be less than fields and real or impersonated mis- the old legal requirement. sionary workers as hosts and host- esses. Short addresses, intermingled 3. The tithe helps the tither keep ac- with wholesome merrymaking. – curate accounts and encourages bud- geting. 6. We Visit the Animated Library. Book review meeting cast in mold of 4. The needs of a large community tourists' exploration of library, a make it imperative that there should selection of standard missionary books be more generous giving by Chris- being made for impersonations; or tians. have the books step out of a frame made to represent the cover of a vol- 5. It makes giving a principle, and ume (its name being hung on door as not a spasmodic expression.

6. It establishes one as a financial steward and a partner with God.

-Epworth Tidings, Rangoon. BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK THE STUFF THAT PATRI- zen's soul, would be to write out profit our nation if it gain num- OTS ARE MADE OF! in 300 words why he 'knows he bers and riches, and lose the is a patriot, and then grade him- sense of the living God and the Faith, Hope, Love – and the self in the light of the Declara- joy of human brotherhood? greatest of these is Love! tion of Independence. Make us determined to live by Faith of our fathers who How long since each of us has truth and not by lies, to found founded America with toil and read the Declaration of Inde- our common life on the eternal tribulation, dreaming of reli- pendence? How many of us foundations of righteousness and gious liberty and political free- know every word of Lincoln's love, and no longer to prop the dom was good stuff. Like an- Gettysburg speech? How many tottering house of wrong by cient leaders of men, they came of us pray daily that those who legalized cruelty and force. not knowing whither, and they fell in the World War shall not endured because of the vision of have died in vain? How many Help us to make the welfare a new country where men 'and of us pray individually and col- of all the supreme law of our women, young and old, should lectively that the President and land, that so our commonwealth dwell happily and rightly with Congress may be given the wis- may be built strong and secure each other. dom from God in casting their on the love of all its citizens. votes which determine the course The faith and hope of our of the nation? Do we take our Cast down the throne of mamearly patriots were sustained not American citizenship seriously mon who ever grinds the life of by love of adventure and of find- enough? Of such stuff patriots men, and set up thy throne, 0 ing gold but love for family and are made. Christ, for thou didst die that love for God as the Divine Fa- men might live. ther, who is righteous and FOR THE KINGDOM OF would not forsake them but Show thy erring children at dwelt in their midst as they GOD last the way from the City of created the new country-a de- Destruction to the City of Love, mocracy in form, out of the stuff o Christ, thou hast bidden us and fulfill the longings of the of everyday faithfulness to the prophets of humanity. Our best ways of living. The failure to pray for the coming of thy Master, once more we make thy of one person or of a single Father's kingdom, in which his faith our prayer: "Thy kinggroup was to the harm of all. righteous will shall be done on dom come! Thy will be done on And the will to live rightly and earth. We have treasured thy earth !" happily was to the good of all. words; may we not forget their meaning, and may thy great WALTER RAUSCHENBUSCH. These early patriots of ours hope never grow dim in thy did not always agree. They were Church. WHY WARS MUST CEASE not alike. There was no one pattern of behavior, but love of We bless Thee for the inspired A Book That Belongs in Every the new country, and hope for souls of all ages who saw afar Thinking Citizen's Library what the new nation might be- the shining City of God, and by come possessed the most of them. faith left the profit of the pres- I. Because If We Do Not Destroy And we love them for their faith, ent to follow their vision. We War Now, War Will Destroy hope and love which gave them rejoice that today the hope of Us-Garrie Ghapman Gatt. the necessary fortitude. Are we these lonely hearts is becoming more' patriotic making great the clear faith of millions. II. Because the War Idea Is Obnoise on July fourth than in solete – Mrs. Franklin D. knowing the price paid by the Help us, 0 Lord, in the cour- Roosevelt. early patriots? age of faith to seize what has now come so near, that the glad III. Because Wars Waste Human It might be well to test our- day of God may dawn at last. Life-Mary E. Woolley. selves today by knowing if we As we have mastered nature that can sing all the stanzas of the we might gain wealth, help us IV. Because Wars Cost Too Much national anthem. A further pa- now to master the social rela- -Mrs. William Brown Metriotic exercise, good for the citi- tions of mankind that we may loney. gain justice and a world of brothers. For what shall it V. Because Wars Produce Eco- nomic C h a 0 s – Florence [367 ] Brewer Boeckel.

VI. Because in War You Never Know What You Are Fight- ing For-Emily Newell Blair. VII. Because Wars Unleash De- nation as a whole. Not only is God, and the means by which the VIII. moralizing Instincts – Judge the contribution made by the Christ-life is imparted to those Florence E. Allen. Church to the nation's life clari- in the nation who have it not." IX. fied but the book furnishes ma- X. Because Every War Breeds terial showing the changed con- A discussion outline is being Another War – Dr. Ali c e ditions which the Church in prepared by Dr. Kenneth Dexter Hamilton. Miller to be used in connection America must face today, and with a study of "Toward a Chris- Because War Handicaps the the unfinished and continuing tian America." It begins with Evolution of Civilization- task of the Church. Some one consideration of the local church –Jane Adda1ns. has defined both the local church and then leads into study of our and "the Church in America" "a national problems and programs In Conclusion – Dorothy Can- school for training Christians in the knowledge and service of of Christian service. field Fisher. "Christian Youth in Action," This book was written for prepared by Dr. Frank W. Herthe National Committee on the riott, should be read by all who Cause and Cure of War com- study "Toward a C h r i s t ian America." The story is based on posed of eleven national women's concrete programs of service alorganizations, of which the ready begun by the young peo- Council of Women for Home Missions is one. ple of the churches. Order texts from above ad- "Toward a Christian America," the home mission study text dress. Do serve your country written by Dr. Hermann N. now "while it is yet day!" Morse is a statesmanlike review of the work of the church in the CHRIST'

POTE NT IN LI FE .TO-DAY Used by permis~on. 01 the Women's Missionary SoCiety of the U1IIited Lutheran. Church in. America

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Our World–wide Outlook A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC noon. The Batangas week-day Student Center Church (Baptist Progress in New Guinea kindergarten had a successful Mission) go out to teach Sunday In 1933 two missionaries rep- year, with 26 enrolled. In Min- schools in nine different districts resenting the American Lutheran Mission and that of Neuen- doro a fine bit of pioneering of LaPaz, Philippine Islands. dettelsau undertook an aeroplane flight to investigate the work is being done by Mr. and The average attendance is 235 territory between the Hagen and the Bismark Mountains, an area Mrs. Hernandes. There are nine pupils, or about 26 in each said to be inhabited by about 200,000 people. In 1934 the churches and groups with the school. In some places where same missionaries undertook a new exploration on foot. They work centering in the capital, the Sunday school has continued were joined by four more missionaries and about one hundred Calapan. Recently the pastor for three or more years, the atnatives who had been sent out by the Christian congregation. opened up work in Abra de Ilog, tendance is very regular and the They reached the area after a march of two weeks, and were a town which has to be reached interest good. In one instance received in a friendly manner. from Batangas by boat, as the during the Christmas vacation In the Gafuka valley they found wild tribes, and had much town is inaccessible over land when the teacher was absent, one to suffer from thievery. In other places they were amazed at find- from Calapan. The pastor, his boy decided to hold a Sunday ing populous settlements, large dwellings scattered in between wife, and a member made the school himself. He called the the cultivated fields. Many kinds of palm trees and other fruit trip in a very small mail boat children together, opened the trees had been planted. In the Ganj Valley they found a popu- which makes the trip once a service with songs that they lation that manufactured beautiful sharp stone axes. On the week. They were 23 hours in knew, and then told them Bible whole this area shows fine progress and beside the Neuendettel- covering about 15 miles. Despite stories which he had learned in sau missionaries, there are 13 former missionaries of the Rhen- the hardship of the trip, the vis- ' his class. -Missions. ish Mission working under the American Lutheran Mission. it of ten days was fruitful, and Progress in Batangas, P. I. 38 people accepted Christ. They Christianity in Java are now planning to erect a The churches in Batangas, P. chapel. From Jidda comes an an- 1., have shown continued prog- nouncement that the number of ress. The 14 churches and five -Philippine Presbyterian. pilgrims to Mecca is not likely to Christian groups make this prov- be above 25,000 this year, a very ince strongly evangelical. In De- Relics of Ancient Faith cember a two-day program of worship and religious education Easter Island is a lonely isle great decrease in the usual numwas given in Batangas City. ber. The number from Java is in the Pacific 2,300 miles west of not expected to be above 1,000. During the year the Batangas Chile and equally remote from Until the past few years one church formed a gospel team and any other land, and is one of the third of all pilgrims to Mecca organized three village Sunday most famous islands on the globe came from Java, whose populaschools which meet in the after- tion is 40,000,000, all Moslems, because of its great stone idols with few exceptions. This de- cut out of a near-by crater and crease of Mecca pilgrims is dragged down to the coast, probably due chiefly to economic conditions. where they are set on pedestals to the number of a hundred or more. They range from small statues to giants 20 feet high, The first Christian converts in and are carved into grotesque Java were made in 1830, through forms. The island now has four the efforts of a Dutch Baptist hundred Pacific islanders and a missionary. After allowing for dozen Europeans, but the origi- the Christians who have come nal inhabitants have long since from elsewhere, such as the vanished and left no trace as to Chinese converts, there are now whence they came and whither in Java over 60,000 Christians they went. The idols are pathet- of Islamic origin. A new sphere ic relics ot an ancient and for- of work has its center at Malang, . gotten faith and worship. -Presbyterian Banner. where ten years ago there were Boy Holds Sunday School no Christians. A h 0 s pit a 1, schools and a theological school were built. The number of Every Sunday morning at C h r i s t ian s there has now seven o'clock, 21 members of the reached 500, and there are about [369 ]

fifty adult baptisms every year. tories, three chapels for the for- in the solution of their problems. The Oxford Group Movement eign-born and underprivileged, In spite of a rainy night, the has been adapted with some suc- three convalescent and fresh-air church was filled. The pastor of cess among theological students. homes, the community center of the church, Rev. R. Walter An- God's Providence House, the derson, preached on the subject, -Baptist Missionary temporary shelter of St. Barna- "Man and Religion." Review. bas' House, and the Goodwill In- dustries, with their workshop The spirit of the service was Two Hundred Years of Service and four stores. In addition, marked by a deep reverence, in- there is work in connection with dicating that the people were Rev. M. K. Gilmour, President the Potters' Field, the immigra- reaching out for God. One of of the New South Wales Confer- tion station at Ellis Island, and the department heads, who is an ence, Methodist Church, on the courts of domestic relations; Episcopalian, attended the serv- March 7th, entertained past and besides the vast amount of field ice, and had much to do with the present members of the Papua work, and relief. On an annual planning of it. He said: "Un- District Mission staff – a group budget of $325,000, it is note- less we get back to God, industry which aggregated 200 years of worthy that last year's deficit is sunk." -The Presbyterian. service among Papuans. The was only a little over $5,000. combined years of Rev. and Mrs. To Win Railway Men Gilmour's service totals 66. Mr. Temperance Foundation Gilmour established a record for The National Christiim Railservice in a malarial district, A Temperance E d u cat ion way Men's Association has been having served over thirty years Foundation has been formed to established by a former railway in Papua. He saw large areas promote education "on all phases employee, with a view to reachreclaimed fro m heathenism, of the alcohol problem, includ- ing some of the 1,000,000 railwork consolidated and institu- ing research and collection of way men of the United States, tions created. data and the dissemination of in- in shop meetings, by tract dis- formation on the nature and ef- tribution and by personal soul NORTH AMERICA fect of, the manufacture of, the winning. Christian Railway use of, and the traffic in, bever- Men's Messenger is the title of a Moral Decadence age alcohol, together with the little paper at 50 cents a year, problems arising therefrom." 20 copies for $1. Those particu- Secretary of State Cor dell larly interested in this move- Hull, is reported in the New The plans for the Foundation ment for Christian work among York Times as saying that there include the pUblication of a new railway men should address Mr. has been more or less of a de- monthly magazine, support of Joseph T. Larson at 3033 Columcline in all the human standards the International Student, for bus Avenue, Minneapolis, Min- -political, social and economic, educational work in colleges and nesota. and occasionally religious. Be- universities, and continuation of sides extreme nationalism, he the Scientific Temperance J our- -Watchman-Examiner. listed as the more serious dan- nal, formerly published by the gers, the "failure to observe Scientific Temperance Federa- Brooklyn's Negro Churches fundamentals," and the "neglect tion, which is expected to act as by our people of the plainest the research department of the Brooklyn, N. Y., has 98 Negro duties of citizenship." Foundation. churches under various denomi- nations, to accommodate the es- It will be remembered that Dr. Ernest H. Cherrington for timated Negro population of Herbert Hoover, in reply to an many years the General Secre- 75,000. About seven in every inquiry as to the cause of the tary of the W 0 rId Lea g u e ten Negroes attending church wave of lawlessness which was Against Alcoholism, interprets are Baptists. Less than 40 per sweeping over the United States, the chief function of the Founda- cent of Brooklyn's entire popuanswered: "It is not a crime tion as influencing leaders of lation are church members, yet wave; it is a subsidence of the thought and action. it has been called "the city of moral foundations of the na- churches." tion." -Federal Council Bulletin. -The Churchman. New York City Mission Industry's Way Out Training for Prison Chaplains The annual report of the New Recently a significant service York City Mission Society shows was held in the First Presby- The Federal Bureau of Pristhe variety and extent of that terian Church of Carlisle, -Pa. ons has made a formal request organization's work. Its activi- The employees of C. H. Masland to the Federal Council SoCial ties cover some seventy centers and Sons, Inc., carpet manufac- Service Secretary, to assume reof human need in three states- turers, desired to have a service sponsibility for the nomination chaplaincies in thirty hospitals, of thanksgiving to God for His and training of chaplains for seven asylums and homes, and kind providence in giving them federal prisons, and for superseventeen prisons and reforma- employment during the depres- vision of their work. Each pris- sion, and looking to Him for help on is to have a staff of special-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ists, including a physician and a ical and one lay, were elected to of the Conference, the theme psychiatrist, appointed by the go along with the white dele- "Christ Our Life" was kept in Federal Public Health Service at gates to the provincial synod to the foreground. -Missions. Washington, a psychologist, a be held next fall at Lexington, supervisor of education, a social Ky. There is no separate Negro The Church in Cuba worker, a librarian and the Episcopal Church, a fact which For more than four years, chaplain. It is the desire of the makes for better relations be- over half the population of Cuba Bureau that religion shall be tween the races. has gone to bed with apprehen- sion of what the morning would made a greater and more com- -Christian Century. bring, but the National Church petent force in the restoration of has set itself to be unmoved by the prisoners. The chaplain will LATIN AMERICA these conditions and the leaderhave responsibility for the con- ship is entirely Cuban. Young Pastors in Mexico people have pushed a forward duct of worship, religious educa- youth movement under the name tion and personal counselling in The Mexican situation places "National Union of Christian the field of religion, and will in- more responsibility upon Mex- Endeavor in Cuba." ican pastors, and their taking terview incoming prisoners on over the missionaries' functions In the University of Havana a their religious background and shuts the mouths of those who group of Christian students attitudes. (Why not do more to insist that Mexican Protestants rented a house during the past are a disloyal advance guard of year and have offered the ineducate the youth in Christian American penetration and con- fluences of a Christian home to principles before they reach the quest. Christians of the City of prisons?) -Federal Council Bulletin.

River Mission Boat Mexico held daily prayer meet- boys from the interior. ings for three weeks in the large There has been no sweeping Rev. E. W. Mellichampe, rec- Presbyterian church, before the evangelistic movement during tor of St. John's Church, Helena, inauguration of the new Presi- the past year, and no place where Arkansas, after a trip into the dent, General Lazaro Cardenas. hundreds of people have been White River country, had a vi- The entire day of the inaugura- brought into the church. But sion of a mission boat that would tion was spent in prayer for him, there has been no let-up in any ply up and down the river and and on that day the agent of the church or mission. There has carry the story of God and His Bible Society, Senor Marroquin, been no Sunday when the Gospel goodness to the neglected people sent him a Bible with a prayer has not been preached by the of that area in the Mississippi that God would bless him as the pastor of the church. River territory. He enlisted the leader of the Mexican people. A distinctly Cuban movement . aid of the local press in explain- That there is sympathy with has been the banding together of ing his plan to the city and the evangelical Christianity is seen national ministers of all denomsurrounding country. He wanted in ex-President Calles' remark: inations. The plan is to carry help, he said, not only from the "The Revolution has turned up the effects of the union through churches and people who were the soil. It is for the Evan- the six provinces of Cuba, and enlisted in Christian work, but gelical Church to sow the seed." unite every Christian influence from all others who believed in for an evangelistic and religious his plan. A boat and pilot were Quest Groups education campaign.

soon supplied. Then Mr. Melli- The last annual Conference of -Women and Missions. champe called together repre- Evangelical Youth of Puerto sentatives of the va rio u s Young Evangelists churches of Helena and formed Rico suffered many handicaps, a working group to take charge one being an influenza epidemic Six lads in Argentina who of planning the work and ex- were led to Christ through the pending the contributions. Mag- which reduced the attendance by instrumentality of their Sunday azines, toys and other things one half: Two of the speakers school teacher, himself converted foreign to the children of the had to be replaced because of ill- in the same school, were desirous lowland country will be distrib- ness; two others had to over- of making known the Gospel to uted. Later, if interest con- come great difficulties to attend. those less privileged than themtinues to grow, it is planned to selves, and arranged to "storm" take a teacher on the boat's voy- However, the Conference touch-: one of the many inland towns ages. -The Living Church. ed 46 young lives from approxi- where no organized Gospel testi- mony exists. Before setting out mately 35 churches of four de- nominations.

A new feature was the organi- Negro Delegates Recognized zation of "Quest Groups." The they assembled for prayer; then, entire student body was divided working two by two, they called History was made at the 1935 into three groups: "Quest for from door to door, delivering convention of the Protestant God," "Quest for Prayer," and their message of truth and love. Episcopal diocese of Mississippi "Quest for Service," and led by In this way they visited every held at Meridian. For the first three professors of the Evan- house in the town. As the shadtime Negro delegates, one cler- gelical Seminary. In every phase ows were lengthening, they met

in the public square, and re- Self-supporting Churches; Scriptures. In recent years counted their several adventures. Lay-workers. there has been a noteworthy in- While they were waiting for Mrs. E. E. Lane, in the Presthe conveyance which was to byterian Survey, discusses these crease in the sales in Ireland; take them back to their city, a in relation to the present day. long train entered the town's EVlfry missionary is a colpor- the circulation in 1930 was 83,- station. The boys recognized in teur. In a remote section a this another opportunity for wit- native said to a believer, "I 654, whereas in each of the last nessing, so they ran along the think I saw your priest going line, and handed Gospels to the through." "How do you know it two years it has been just over passengers at the windows. was my pastor?" replied the be- liever. "Well," was the reply, and just under 100,000 respec- -The Christian. "He had a leather bag tied to his saddle. Only Protestants ride tively. For the year 1933-34 Library for Lepers that way." The Evangelista has four sheets, printed monthly, and more than £3,300 was sent to the Brazil has a new government last year two souls were saved Leper Colony at Pirapitinguy. by that means. During the last British and Foreign Bible So- Christmas funds from the Mis- year Sunday school enrollment sion to Lepers was used to start has gone up by more than a ciety towards translation work a loan library. for the 858 leper thousand, and every Sunday inmates. Rev. W. G. Borchers more than three thousand schol- or for colportage abroad, and the writes: "We used part for New ars study in these schools. Dur- Testaments and Bibles, and the ing 1934 the native churches of Society also supports sixteen colremainder in purchasing other the mission's territory contribvolumes. We raised enough more uted $6,000 for the support of porteurs and Biblewomen – one for a library of 240 books, the their churches, and that out of best we could secure. These 240 deep poverty and want. The in Iraq, six in India, and nine in books have already been bor- Mission's right arm is its lay rowed by the patients a total of force. There are six of these China. -The Christian. 5,000 times, indicating the ap- men who help to cover a vast preciation in which they are A Oommunist's Story held. A former college teacher, are~. a member of the Methodist A disciple of Karl Marx, Church, and another young EUROPE woman patient have had charge steeped in the tenets of the Third of the library. Scores are now Oaring for the Ohildren returning to their homes cured, Internationale, as an official of making room for others to The British Society for the come." Prevention of Curelty to Chil- the British communist party be- dren has passed its jubilee, and came a popular speaker, and "A roof over our heads" in the during fifty years more than four eventually president of the Scotnear future is the hope of the million children have been pro- tish Workers' Party. He served Pirapitinguy leper congregation. tected from ill-treatment. There a 15 months' prison sentence for "At present we preach out in the are 265 inspectors, carefully sedition, after which he became open with no shade and at times chosen and well trained. In one a teacher in the Communist Sunthe sun is very hot for all of us, year the Society interested itself day schools, where children from even in winter." in 74,000 neglected children. It five to fourteen years of age were is not the purpose of the Society taught that there was no God, Taking Stock in Brazil to prosecute offending parents and that all religions were dope. or guardians, but rather to in- Here follows the narrative in his It is now seventy-five years duce them to recognize their re- own words: "One day I attended since the beginning of Presby- sponsibilities. Nevertheless, the the funeral of a young woman, terian Missions in Brazil. It is law punishes callous parents and heard the hymn 'Safe in the interesting to note that the ob- when other influences fail. The Arms of Jesus.' At that mojectives of pioneer missionaries N.S.P.C.C. is supported by vol- ment God spoke to me. My cold, are the same as those of today. untary contributions. logical mind melted in the stream Rev. Asbel Simonton, first Pres- of His love. My conversion canbyterian missionary to Brazil, -The Christian. not be explained in terms of psylisted these objectives as fol- chology; it was a mental revolows: Ireland's Bible Distribution lution, and with it came an overwhelming impulse to tell Strategic Centers; Since its founding in 1806, the others to enter into His service. The Distribution of the Word of God; Hibernian Bible Society, inde- After a year or so of evangelistic Education; pendent auxiliary of the British work, I was appointed mission- Wide Evangelism; and Foreign Bible Society, has ary to the men employed on a .Publication; circulated 7,538,000 copies of the 16-mile tunnel enterprise; no Sunday School Work; light task, for at the peak of the operations I had 2,600 men to minister to, twelve camps over an area of twenty-six miles t6 visit, sick men to call upon and advise, accidents-many of them fatal – to hurry to, helping the doctor in the blackness of' the tunnel, sometimes over our knees in water, but the spiritual re- sponse made it worth while. I well remember a service I held, 1,800 feet above sea-level, at which seven nationalities were

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

represented-Scots, Eng lis h, seeking to conserve the interests 30, 1934. According to this Irish, Welsh, a Frenchman, a German, and a Greek, all bound of Evangelical Christianity in analysis 212 heads "rolled in the together in a common bond of love through Jesus Christ." the country, on a voluntary sand"-the Nazi phrase for be- -The Life of Faith. basis. The only Sunday school headings. More than 13,000 Difficulties in Czechoslovakia in the country is in connection refugees were deprived of their H. Prochazka, head of the with the Mission. Both Greek nationality, and 12,863 persons Baptist Theological Seminary at Prague issues the following Orthodox and Mohammedan were sterilized. Germans served statement: youth attend this school; the at- enough time in prison to aver- The general religious situation in this country is difficult. Our twenty- tendance has now reached 600. age one day for each adult in the seven churches, with 2,800 members have been affected by the economic There are twenty-five classes, country, and prison sentences crisis. They are not supported by the State as so many others are, and they each meeting in a separate room. averaged one for every 203d must fight to live. To show how things are, let me say that the average Owing to the increasing number German. The statistics comprise church is of sixty to one hundred members, made up of working people in the of young people seeking admis- only legal penalties inflicted by town churches and of small farmers in the country. The latter have heavy sion, it is necessary to hold the courts and do not take account of debts on their property – fifty to eighty per cent. They do their best school in two sessions. Since the extra-legal acts of violence, such but they cannot contribute very much. We are happy, however, that there are World's Sunday School Associa- as the killings in the "blood 700 or more young people in our young people's societies. They are effective tion began to cooperate with the purge" and the case of 184 perworkers in the churches and are ready to help. Sunday school work is pro- Mission in 1932, particularly in sons "shot while attempting to gressing. Last year there were over 1,300 children in our Sunday schools. the production of literature for escape." They exclude also the -Watchman-Examiner. scholars and textbooks for teach- .many so-called suicides in con- Mission to Rumania ers, the work has grown in vol- centration camps, and the 49,000 A definite step in the direction ume and influence, and the num- sent to such camps are not inof church unity is seen in the fact that a delegation represent- ber of young people under syste- cluded in the prison figures. ing the Anglican communion is to be sent to Rumania in re- matic teaching increased by fifty As to Soviet Russia, Henri sponse to the invitation of the per cent. -The Christian. Bero, French socialist, reports Patriarch of that country to the Archbishop of Canterbury. The the number executed, so far as invitation grew out of the Lambeth Conference of 1930. Plight of Germany's Christian known, since the Soviet regime came into power: 28 bishops and The Rumanian Church is Non-Aryans probably the largest and strong- higher clergy; 6,778 priests, est of the established state In the German Church conchurches in the Eastern Ortho- troversy and the Nazi persecu- 6,585 school-teachers, 8,800 docdox com m u n ion, having a tion of Jews, the plight of one tors, 51,850 army officers, 200,- strength of some thirteen million large group has been almost 850 policemen and other officials, members. Its theological sem- and 11,488,520 peasants and inary in Bucharest has about 900 overlooked. These are the Chris- artisans. These make the stagstudents and by a church law of tians of Jewish ancestry, whose gering total of 11,726,746 people 1925 every man ordained is re- number is variously estimated at put to death since the Soviet quired to have a university de- regime came into power! Nearly gree. -The Living Church. from one to three millions. To two million more dead than the the world at large this great total killed in the World War. In Albania group are members of the Chris- No mission board has been at tian Church; to the Nazis they work in Albania since the War. The Albania Evangelical Mis- are non-Aryans subject to the Less Anti-Easter Activity sion (Rev. Phineas B. Kennedy), merciless restrictions imposed located at Kortcha, has been upon the Jews. Communist antireligious ac- The plight of this group is tivity in Russia last E as t e r even worse than that of the Jews. showed less vigor than in pre- They have nowhere to turn. The ceding years. Some anti-Easter Nazis have virtually expelled handbills were distributed and a them from the Church. They do few street signs advised the peo- not belong to the synagogue and, ple to keep away from church, unlike the Jews, cannot find in but radio broadcasts ignored the the synagogue or in the Jewish subject. The thirty-five churches communal organizations a haven which are all that remain of the thousand that once dotted Mos- of refuge. -Presbyterian Tribune. cow were filled to overflowing for the Russian Easter, and there Nazi and Soviet Toll of Life were great crowds-some num- bering as high as 2,000-stand- The New York Times recently ing patiently in the churchyards published the results of an anal- in an intermittent drizzle. A ysis made by the Vienna Tele- conservative estimate would be graf of official German figures that 75,000 residents of Moscow showing the toll of life and lib- participated in the Easter cele- erty during one year of Nazi bration. Three-fourths of the rule from June 30, 1933, to June worshipers were women.

So strong is the Easter spirit Survey of the many diverging Sefula, and the foreign missionin Russia that even some good influences and counter attrac- ary work of a native church, communists observed the tradi- tions which follow the inroads of under the teaching and cooperational customs of feasting and civilization in Africa, and their tion of white missionaries, bevisiting, only the Easter cakes effect upon the African's re- gan. This event Europeans and were not blessed by a priest. sponse to the Gospel. He says: natives will commemorate, each -New York Times. There has never been so much zeal in their own way. The Euro- pean memorial will take the form AFRICA manifested on the part of native lead- of a marble tablet at Sefula to ers and teachers for reaching the lost. Land of the Blind Never before have the laymen shown Coillard who labored 43 years in South Africa. The natives wish An Arab paper, EI-Ahram, such a desire to do personal work and to erect an obelisk with their last year stated that Egypt to witness for Christ. Many have might aptly be called "the land been so Spirit-filled that they have own labor on the spot where his of the blind." Figures justify wagon halted. -Life of Faith. gone from house to house and from village to village in groups, holding meetings, talking to individuals and this statement. There is more seeking the unsaved. Hundreds of backsliders have returned to the Lord Glad to Be a Leper blindness in Egypt in proportion and rededicated their lives to him. Among forty-nine dismissed to the size of the population than Last year was the banner year in in any other country in the soul-winning. There were 4,398 bap- as free from leprosy from the world. The above – mentioned tisms reported. A convert is not bap- Elat station last year was Rev. paper gives the following start- Ndenga Pipa, the second oldest ling figures regarding the num- tized immediately upon conversion. native minister in that district. ber of blind persons per thou- Before he is received into the church For many years he served as a sand of the population in several by baptism and admitted to the com- preacher of the Gospel. When important countries: the discovery that he was a leper munion table, the convert must prove sentenced him to live in the leper Egypt…………………. 12.0 himself worthy of the fellowship. colony, he said, "I give God Russia, India, and Japan. . . . . 1.4 Here are some of the requirements: thanks that He has sent this Italy, Spain, Bulgaria …….. 1.1 (1) To be able to explain the plan thing to show me more fields to England, Switzerland, Rumania .7 labor in for Him." After a France, Germany, America … .6 of salvation; (2) faithful attendance Austria, Holland, Belgium …. , .4 upon the catechumen classes and church services; (3) bring at least one soul to Christ; (4) regular con- tributor to the church; (5) memorize the Catechism and pass examination The number of totally blind in same (this is not required of the matchless record of helpfulness persons in Egypt is given as old people); (6) be able to read, if to his fellow leper patients he 148,000, while the number of has now returned to his former those partially blind reaches a only slightly, from the Bible. The ministry in the towns along the much higher figure. For the ma- real test, of course, is the acceptance Cameroun coast. jority there is no recourse ex- of Jesus as Saviour, and the testimony of the believer's life in the village -Without the Camp.

where he lives.

cept charity of relatives or of the A Notable Jubilee In Nyasaland public. Until recently there was In August at the town of Nyasaland, for the small size less public activity on behalf of Sefula, Barotseland, Northern of its population, is well supplied Rhodesia, it is proposed to cele- with an assortment of missions, the blind than in almost any brate the Jubilee of an event the largest being the Protestant other country in the world. For unique in missionary incidents missions of the Church of Scot- of the nineteenth century – the land and of the Dutch Reformed the 74,000 blind in Japan there establishment of a foreign mis- Church of South Africa, and the are 20 schools; for the 72,000 in sion by an indigenous Church, Roman Catholic. The Emmanuel itself little more than half a cen- Medical Mission touches that of America, 100; for the 25,000 in tury delivered from heathenism the Church of Scotland in the England, 45; for the 150,000 in and cannibalism. Rev. Francis south and the north, and in 1926 Egypt, one! Mention should be Coillard, of the Paris Evangel- these two missions effected a ical Missionary Society, had im- union of their native churches made of a few isolated efforts to pressed upon the infant Church and formed the Church of Cenhelp individuals or groups of of Basutoland, where a Mission tral Africa, Presbyterian, which was founded in 1833, that no now has about fifty native pasblind persons which are under- Church could claim to be a liv- tors. The prevailing religion of ing one if it did not carry out the country is pagan, steeped in taken by members of differ- our Lord's last command to– go superstition and fear of evil ent missionary organizations in into all the world and preach the spirits, but there are many Egypt. The government has Gospel. A native suggested that splendid Christians. God must intend them to go to now opened a home for blind beggars, and is also working at Barotseland, as they spoke the Educational and evangelistic same language, although a thou- work take preeminence over the a scheme for the unification of the work among the blind, and its extension so as to benefit all blind persons in Egypt, whatever their age or class.

-E. M. M. S. Quarterly.

Response to the Gospel R. F. Cleveland, of Congo sand miles away. In August, medical, although there are three BeIge, writes in the Presbyterian 1885, Coillard's wagon halted at doctors for the twelve stations.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Hospitals are small and primi- churches were grouped into there good fellowship, excellent tive. The Church of Scotland· three District Councils made up teachers and special features, has the largest mission hospital of the pastors of the churches of such as courses in social hygiene, in Nyasaland. the respective districts, and a that are not available elsewhere. number of elders in proportion Even state officials have decided -Edinburgh M. M. Quarterly. to the m e m b e r s hip of each to keep their sons in Irwin church. The three District School. WESTERN ASIA Councils in turn elect five dele- gates each to a Synod that is to "To my great surprise," Turks Adopt Sunday meet biennially. writes Mr. Gorde, "two or three educated guardians said to me, The National Assembly, on A Christian convert· from 'The only hope of our country is May 28th, discarded a centuries' Islam, who at one time was an Christianity. We shall remain old tradition by adopting a bill important government official, Hindus, but we think the day which makes Sunday instead of was elected moderator and an- will come when all India will be Friday the weekly sacred day of other convert from Islam was Christian, because there is no rest in Turkey. elected secretary for the meet- real hope in Hinduism.' ing and for the two ensuing President Mustafa Kemal Ata- years. A proposal was sent "One state officer said to me, turk has struck many hard blows down to the churches for ratifi- 'I want only Christian teachers in recent years at Mohammedan cation providing for two ranks and a Christian school for my practices, depriving the priest- of clergy, one of lesser qualifica- son because of the healthy atmoshood of rights they had exercised tions whose offices will pertain phere and outlook on life.' Anfor centuries. His actions have only to local churches, the other other ret ire d officer says, resulted in several plots for his of higher qualifications whose 'Whether we are actually bapoverthrow. offices will be accepted through- tized or not, we have received out the church. A committee Christ, and the biggest thing in Friday is said to have been was elected to handle ad-interim life is Christ. I want my sons chosen by Mohammed as the day business with a special view to to be real followers of Christ.' " for obligatory religious gather- the assistance of the weaker ings in memory of the creation churches. The school's enrolment is 290; of man. -Associated Press. Christians, 80; non-Christians -Near East Bulletin. of all castes over 200. New Movement in Palestine New Ideas for Pathans -Western India Notes. A Hebrew Christian in Palestine, Moses Immanuel Ben- The plan devised by Amanulla Telugu Caste Movement Maeir, writes of a movement of Afghanistan to found a uniamong Palestinian Jew s to versity in his country is to be The author of "Christian Mass thwart Christian missionary realized by the establishment of Movements in India," Rev. J. work. It is called Merkaz, and a new institution in the new city Waskom Pickett, is in charge of has been in operation for the last of Darelmann, five kilometers a High Caste Movement Survey two years, but recently has be- from the capital, Kabul. Lec- which is taking place in South come very aggressive. Its mem- tures are already being given by India. He now estimates the bers proclaim that sending chil- French and German professors, baptized caste people up to date dren to Christian schools, at- and groups of Afghan students in this Caste Movement as about tending missionary clubs, clinics are being sent to Europe for edu- 30,000, and that this number is and evening schools are treason cation. On the other side of this being augmented at the rate of against the Jewish national frontier Peshawar is also to have at least 4,000 a year. He reports hom e. S u c h proclamations its university which will mean a about 3,500 unbaptized but enfrighten many away from mis- new standard of education for rolled catechumens; and thinks sions and Christian institutions. the Pathan peoples. The Islamia that the number of converts in So far, medical and educational College already existing is being 1934 may have been as high as missions still have a large at- raised to university standard. 5,000. It is largely through the tendance. Heretofore, the Mer- witness of transformed lives of kaz has dealt leniently with such -Near East Bulletin. outcastes who have become Jews, but now it threatens to Christians that this ingathering use hard measures aainst them. INDIA-BURMA has come.

-Moody Institute Monthly. Christian School Preferred Toward Church Union Union in North Persia Mr. Gorde, of Irwin Christian Substantial progress is being High School, Kolhapur, writes made toward union in North In- The Evangelical Churches of that although two new high dia. The j oint council of repre- North Iran completed a union schools have been opened, one sentatives of the Methodist Episorganization I a s tAu gus t. for Marathi boys only, both par- copal Church, the B apt i s t Twenty-four churches were rep- ents and boys prefer the Chris- Churches and the United Church resented with a total member- tian school because they find of Northern India had its first ship of about 2,500. These meeting over three years ago,

and several committees have of Rangoon. In the dry season all, the radiant faces of those been at work on important points they sleep on the walks or under who two years ago had never involved. Their deliberations the night bazaar stalls. One is heard of Christ. reached the stage where a Coun- left to wonder where they sleep -Baptist Missionary Review. cil was called in Allahabad in on rainy nights. They rummage February to go over the ground. through the garbage cans on the Indian Tribute to Missions The three most important re- streets for their main susteports presented were on the nance and steal when they can. Once again the people of India statement of doctrine, the min- The Y. M. C. A. is taking the have paid tribute to Christian istry and polity. The council de- lead in a project whereby a missions. Sir Mirza Ismail, bated long over a formula on group of societies have banded prime minister of Mysore, at the baptism which would make op- together to provide a home for centenary celebrations of the tional the choice of mode and the them, and are trying to provide Wesleyan Mission High School, baptism of infants, in order to decent living conditions. The Bangalore, said: "They (the meet the convictions of the Bap- children are being taught useful Christian missions) have been a tists. As to the ministry, only occupations. The Street Boys' potent factor in promoting the one order – that of "elder" or Refuge Society is also trying to cause of education and the "presbyter" was contemplated. help these waifs. -Missions. spread of enlightenment and cul- The report on polity set forth in ture in the state, as indeed in detail the representative bodies Volunteer Ohristian Service India as a whole. Missionary or courts proposed for the colleges and schools have been Church. It was found that the Dnyanodaya, Indian Christian valued and honored partners United Church and the Meth- weekly, extends an invitation to with governments in this imporodist Episcopal Church have Indian Christians to write a tant field of national developsimilar bodies, but this subject paper on "Volunteer Christian ment. One has only to turn to requires further study and ad- Service" or lay leadership. The institutions like the Christian justment. It is hoped that more main purpose of the paper College in Madras, the Wilson definite steps may be taken at should be to frame a practical College in Bombay, the Forman the next meeting in December. program of Christian service College in Lahore, and the Scot- that may be rendered by men tish Churches College in Cal- -Dnyanodaya. and women who do not receive cutta; and to recall the names salaries or sub sid i e s from of Duff, Wilson and Miller, to Baptism in Lushai Hills church or mission; and to give realize the magnitude of the con- stimulus and inspiration for tribution which Christian mis- The Christian Church is mak- such service. The paper may in- sions are making to modern ing notable advance in the South clude Biblical material and ex- India." Lushai Hills. There were 698 amples from India or other counbaptisms during the year, of tries, but this should bear upon Sir Has san Suhrawardy, which 129 were from Christian the practical problem of main- former vice-chancellor of Calfamilies and the rest from non- taining and expanding the work cutta University, thus appealed Christian homes. The member- in towns and villages with dimin- to women medical students: ship is now 6,019, out of a pop- ished financial resources. The ulation of 26,217, and there are service in view may be evan- I sincerely hope that the great exnearly 10,000 Sunday school gelism, conducting services, Sun- ample of women doctors sent out by scholars. The Boys' Day School day schools, Christian Endeavor, Christian missionary institutions of has had an enrollment of 157. etc., as well as all kinds of social Europe and America, working in un- Four pastors and seven evan- service and rural reconstruction. known parts of the country, facing gelists are supported by the hazards and hardships, will inspire funds of the Baptist "presby- New Ohurch Organized our Indian women-who I know are tery" without any deficit, and not behind so far as compassion and many of the members have given February 17 was a Red Letter self-sacrifice go-to take to the medlabor for the building and repair Day for the Vizagapatam Bap- ical profession and enrich the country of their chapels. The sale of tist field. On that day a new by a selfless example of service in Scriptures and other literature this direction.

-Christian Century.

in Lushai has increased con- church was organized at Sun- Forward in Lower Burma siderably, and choir festivals kurimetta eight miles beyond have become a notable feature of Anantagiri, and 3,808 feet above For several years past the Lushai life. The Spurgeon can- sea level. It is the third church Pwos have been praying that ten tata drew great crowds, and the to be organized in this field in thousand new members should Carey Centenary was celebrated the last four years. be added to their churches in ten with a special demonstration. It was a memorable scene- years. Two years ago the Bas- -Baptist Missionary Herald. the matchless mountain scenery, sein Association reported 800 the triumphant hymns, examina- baptisms; the past year they The Streets Their Home tion of 18 candidates for bap- have had 1,000, while in one sec- It is estimated that more than tism, the organization of the tion 500 more are waiting for 2,000 children live on the streets church with 67 members; above baptism. A sprinkling of Bur-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

mans are coming into the numbers, and very few are en- corps. These bands have agreed churches with the Pwos. tering, because of the large en- to go out preaching the Gospel trance fee of over $40. This has at least once a week. The movement has been aided resulted in a record breaking especially by the activity of lay- number of removals in some of -So S. Times. men who have gone out to win our churches. their neighbors. In one place, a Robber Becomes Evangelist Pwo trained as a doctor in CHINA America returned to labor for When Dr. Sherwood Eddy his village, and it is now called Some Basic Facts visited Amoy sixteen years ago, "Health Hill." Another studied there was a man there with a agriculture in America, returned Rev. H. E. Etter, a former price on his head; he had been to his village and it is now called Baptist missionary in Peiping, leader of a robber band for ten "Pleasant Hill." gives six basic facts regarding years. During the first meeting China. 1. One person in every he cut a hole in the mat shed Cooperative Credit Societies four in the world is a Chinese. roof, and through it watched and are helping the new converts to Their population is increasing at heard Dr. Eddy attack officials keep their heads above water the rate of 10,000,000 every and others who were robbing the economically. An agricultural three years. people. This man said to himgraduate took ten acres and self, "I am a robber. I am robfarmed it himself as a demon- 2. Six-sevenths of the people bing China. I must stop!" He stration; he produced over 600 live on one-third of the land be- could not sign his name on the baskets of excellent paddy – a cause much of the area is unsuit- card as a convert, but secured a higher yield than any of his ed to agriculture; therefore the worker to sign for him. After neighbors had. After selling his density of population is as great Dr. Eddy left he joined the crop, and paying all expenses he as 800 per square mile in some church and served as a volunhad a net profit of Rs. 150. He sections. teer preacher. Among other then put the ground in beans, things, he resolved to win as chick peas and sugarcane, with 3. The nation is about ninety many into the Christian life as a vegetable garden in addition. per cent rural; 300,000,000 live he had killed, and began work Other sections have asked for a in villages. for robbers and pirates right in similar demonstration, offering the home district. More than to provide the land. 4. Fifty per cent of the peo- 100 joined the church as a re- ple have not enough to eat and sult. There were two villages -Brayton C. Case. wear. whose residents had for genera- tions followed robbery as a pro- Siam's National Church 5. The people are illiterate (at fession; he reached thirty of least 85 per cent), industrious, their leaders and the villagers Rev. Kru Pluang, first mod- patient, thrifty and superstitious have given up robbery for farmerator of the National Christian in general. ing. This Christian worker can- Church of Siam, is genial, wise not write yet, but he keeps a and discerning, and withal a cap- 6. Two-thirds of the Protes- record by getting someone to able leader. He has been travel- tant churches of China have write down their names. He ing over the country in an effort been established in villages and then draws a rough picture of a to see how best to use greatly small towns. The Christians tree with branches, on which he reduced funds and forces. The number about 1 in 1,000 of the indicates the fruit he finds dework at Chiengmai is very en- population. veloping in their lives. couraging. Many new families were coming into the church Watchman-Examiner. Traveling to Amoy to hear from at least sixteen different Dr. Eddy at his recent meetings villages. Bible Vacation Schools A Chinese "Billy Sunday" he met two strangers on the were held with the usual inter- launch and induced both to beest and success in several coun- Dr. John Sung, an American come Christians. try centers. educated Chinese scientist, now connected with the Bethel Gos- -Chinese Recorder. The Prae City Church is now pel Bands, has been holding listed with the churches entirely evangelistic meetings in Nan- New War on Narcotics self-supporting. T h r e e other king, China. Great crowds have churches in the Prae field pro- been in constant attendance. The The Chinese Government has vide the most fruitful centers of Friends' Mission Church has a declared a six-year war against the evangelistic work of the sta- seating capacity of 500, yet one opium and drugs, and is attacktion. They raise 40 per cent of night by actual count there were ing the evil with military measthe pastor's salary. The two 1,070 within the church. ures. Both the traffic in nargroups at Hoi Rai received 28 cotics and their use are now on confession of faith last year, Fifty evangelistic bands have crimes, and the death penalty and. eleven by letter. already been organized, aver- may be applied. Since the for- aging four or five members to mer policy of prohibition did The Chinese in Siam are re- each band. Ten of these are not give satisfactory results, the turning to China in rather large from the Friends' Church and School. Some come from the University of Nanking and the university hosp~tal n u r sin g

menace is to be tackled by cap- Unity Discussed Margaret Williamson Hospital turing territory progressively; Last January, six denomina- Anniversary in Chekiang, Kiangsu, Fukien, tions (out of the 13 invited) Anhwei, Hupeh, Hunan, Kiangsi, sent representatives to a confer- On May 11th, the Margaret Honan, Hopei, Shantung and ence on church unity which met Williamson Hospital, pioneer Shansi an order has been issued in Shanghai. These denomina- American medical missionary infor immediate prohibition of tions were the Church of Christ stitution, completed 50 years of poppy .cultivation. This will not in China, Methodist Episcopal service to the Chinese commube applied to all provinces at Church, Methodist Episcopal, nity in Shanghai, and the annionce because in some areas the South, Methodist Church (Eng- versary was appropriately comshift cannot be peremptorily lish) , (Northern) Baptist Con- memorated. S tar tin g from made from poppy to grain culti- vention and the North China humble beginnings, the hospital vation. The government is pro- Kung Li Hui. The desire of the has grown during the 50 years viding facilities for curing ad- conference to promote fellowship to include a general hospital, madicts. This treatment is com- as a preliminary to developing ternity hospital, the Women's pulsory, but the cost is made some sort of proposal for the Christian Medical College and a light and may be reduced to promotion of Church Unity grew training school for nurses. It nothing if necessary. These cor- in clarity and intensity as the has accommodations for 200 parective institutions have already meeting progressed. One mem- tients, but plans are under way been opened in Shanghai, Peip- ber of each communion present for expansion. Several clinics ing, Nanking, Tientsin and other made a statement of his own are maintained. cities. In Kiangsu alone there understanding of its general atare some twenty. In Shanghai titude towards the question of Th€ hospital is supported by 732 addicts were treated in about church unity, considered from the Southern Methodists, Northtwo months; in Peiping 283 the viewpoint of possible organic ern Baptists and the Women's were discharged cured in sixteen unity. Reporting for the Amer- Union Missionary Society in the days. -Chinese Recorder. ican Methodists, Dr. C. Lacy United States, together with con- said that a commission favors tributions raised among Chinese Answered Prayer the following order of steps and for e i g n supporters in thereto: Union of Methodists, Shanghai. TibWetraitninsgtatifornomopenKedwesiixtehy~arsa North and South; union of all ago, Mr. G. A. Bell gives a strik- Methodist bodies in China; and -China Weekly Review. ing instance of answered prayer: union with other Christian bod- ies offering opportunity. The Hainan's "New Deal" J~ly 18-Prayed definitely for im- Southern Methodists were remedIate answer regarding a Tibetan ported to have little interest in H. F. Burkwall, Presbyterian teacher. medical missionary in Hainan, organic union but much in prac- writes of the attempt to inaugu- July 19-"Renowned" turns up on tical cooperation. Practically rate a "New Deal" for missions initial visit, and after some conver- the same stand was taken by in China, in the form of a projsation agrees to come tomorrow. the Baptists. The discussions ect plan which is an attempt to give the Chinese the degree of July 20-He comes as promised and autonomy for which they have we all read with him. "Renowned" is been asking for so long at every the name of the priest who suddenly missions conference or other re- ligious assembly attended by dropped in from app agraernmtleyntnso. wheHrie~ dressed in ragged voice is gentle and his demeanor quiet brought out some of the lines Chinese delegates. The plan if not shy. There is a fineness about him rarely seen in priests. With all along which some churches are, has already been tried in a small this, were we not taking a risk in hir- consc~ously 0 r unconsciously, degree, but at first has threat- ing a teacher so quickly? But tchaemn~ drawmg nearer to each other in ened to work a hardship among the prayer for definite answer practice. native workers. The pas tor seemed to take it as a challenge to mind, and there the matter rests. Finally, the conference unan- to the church members of Hai- imously expressed its convic- nan to put the church on a self- The more we have to do with him, the tion as follows: supporting basis. He said that if each one gave only $1.00 silver more we desire his conversion. He is We find ourselves united in our to the support of the church, the loyalty to Jesus Christ, and in our a fair scholar and feels the shame of earnest desire to become so united to the contempt that is put on his monas- tery by others, on account of its low standing. His aim seems to be to earn a. few doll~rs whereby he can improve hIS educatIOn, and thus help bring the Christ that the result may be an or- synod would have almost enough monastery into higher respect. This i~, at least, a considerably higher mo- ganic union of all Christian bodies, we to run the schools in the country districts, pay the evangelists, tIve than most of the priests have. believe that the time has come when some definite action is not only de- and keep up the many chapels We pray that as he is brought into sirable but necessary. scattered throughout the island.

touch with us that he will gain a yet That statement became the preamble to a set of resolutions higher motive. Only today I had a through which the delegates Some one has estimated that the pledged themselves to work. average Chinese earned less than long talk with him on Christianity. $60 per year, so that the giving He admitted that after all his works of $1.00 a year represents a real of merit he had not attained peace and that he needed a Saviour. '

-China's Millions. -Chinese Recorder. sacrifice. -Board Letter.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

JAPAN-CHOSEN ital, Hsinking, is soon to be elder, my Bible woman and I, erected. The quadrennial Gen- and a few other Christians gath- Letter of Good Will eral Conference will meet in ered at the home. Most of the Tokyo next October. things had already been heaped An open letter of friendship together in the courtyard. First to the Japanese, signed by 301 -The Christian Century. we sang a song-a prayer for American religious leaders, was the Holy Spirit's presence; then made public in Japan on May 3d. Suitably Named the pastor read a selection show- The message was sent because of ing Christ's power over demons. "the failure of the widespread A Korean village has adopted This was followed by prayer that protests from churches and a new name-"The Lord-Believ- as the evil spirits were driven peace organizations to secure the ing Place." Practically every out, the Holy Spirit would come cancellation of the naval maneu- resident of the village is a Chris- in and make His abode in the vers which begin in the North tian, so, say they, why not call home. Then everything that had Pacific today." the town what it obviously is? been collected was set on fire. The things they burned included The message asserts that "we -Presbyterian Tribune. ribbons of strong paper knotted are strongly opposed" to the fleet together, pieces of dress matemaneuvers "because they can Mass Marriages rials, or garments, rice in brokhardly escape misinterpretation en jars so old that it had turned by sensation mongers and indi- Here is an example of perfect to powder, and handfuls of dried viduals in each nation who are cooperation. The parents of twigs. in a position to profit from the ten young Korean couples who creation of fear and suspicion." wished to get married agreed to "While the burning was going The message informs the Jap- contribute 15 yen each for a wed- on, the church bell rang for eveanese people that "many thou- ding at one time in one place, ning service. What a contrast sands of our citizens, especially and from the amount thus saved was its joyous note to the scene those who constitute the mem- a liberal contribution was made in front of our eyes!" bership of our churches and toward a new church building. synagogues, have pro t est e d This was in Kochang; of the 20 Poor Boys' Club against the holding of these ma- young people seven brides and neuvers." It invites the Jap- four grooms belong to the church Wonsan Y. M. C. A. has a new anese people to "unite with us in there. There was no competi- activity – a club for poor boys redoubling our efforts to main- tion in presents given, and no only. There are about 50 memtain our historic friendship, and rivalry as to which would be the bers from ten to sixteen years of in opposing every effort that is best dressed. age. Most of them spend the likely to lead to mistrust between day going about with a basket or our peoples." All the brides and grooms pail picking over garbage recep- then arose and the minister gave tacles, coal heaps and other Among the signers are four- them a solemn exhortation. The dumps. An exceptionally good teen bishops, many college presi- name of each groom and the day's pickings would net about dents, ministers and rabbis of name of his bride were read and five sen. All are extremely poor, leading congregations, editors of the question put to the grooms. and many live in dugouts and the religious press and other In unison, they said, "I do." The tiny shacks on the outskirts of leaders. questions were likewise put to the city. Parents for the most the the brides and their answers part are appreciative and the Methodists Pass 40,000 Mark given. All was done in a quiet, youngsters themselves are en- dignified, serious spirit. Prayer thusiastic. The really incor- The east and west Conference was offered and the officiating rigible boy soon drops out and of the Japan Methodist Church Korean pastor pronounced so disappears and the others take held annual meetings during and so man and wife, in the every chance they get for mak- March, one in Kyoto and the order of the positions in which ing something out of life. They other in Tokyo. More than 500 they were standing. Asked if were rounded up for a bath one pastors are now on the rolls of they wished to make any pres- evening. A good-hearted baththe two Conferences, and the ents to their brides, several of house keeper near by sent his church's membership has passed the grooms came to the pulpit regular guests away early, and the 40,000 mark. Sunday school and laid down an offering to gave a special price of a sen and attendance has declined some- God. -George S. McCune. a half each for our boys. Of the what in the past two years, and forty-two boys who took the there are other signs o.f spiritual Fetish Bonfire plunge only five had ever had a lassitude in the church. But real bath before. However, great missionary passion is be- Pyengyang News says that Wonsan is on the seashore, and ing shown in the program that while the Women's Bible classes in summer these youngsters calls for the evangelization of were being held, two families splash in the ocean. Manchuria. The first unit of a decided to burn their fetishes. fine Methodist church in the cap- The writer says: "The sun was -D. A. Macdonald. setting when the pastor, an

Fifty New Churches This is not only the first time a ber of sects among them is not World's Sunday School Conven- generally known. Three out- Pyengyang Presbytery's sl?- tion has been held in a Scandi- standing divisions are the Orthogan is for fifty new churches thIS navian country, but also the dox, the Conservative and the year. Each district is taking its farthest north. Deeply conscious Reformed. These three recently assignment seriously. Ten is of the honor, Sunday school appointed a committee to push a the quota for Pyengyang city. workers of Norway are planning revival, and a meeting was held Four of those have been started a cordial welcome to delegates. in New York in April to devise since summer, and four more Norway's King, Haakon VII, has plans for this objective. A resoare in the making. One district promised to act as the Conven- lution was passed with the view whose assignment was four has tion's "guardian." of seeking "to interest the unalready gone over the top with affiliated Jew in synagogue life, five, and with plans for more. What Are Missrionaries? and to assist congregations in Pyengyang also plans a fund their endeavor to enlarge their of 20,000 yen to keep a group We missionaries are sent to membership." of evangelizers continuously in preach some of its less covered districts. -Alliance Weekly. Through all Korea, in nearly Not experience, but redempevery district, they have b~en tion; Christian Congresses setting goals and are workmg definitely toward them. Not economics, but Gospel; No less than thirty-six inter- Not culture, but conversion; national Christian Congresses -Presbyterian Banner. Not reforms, but liberation; will be held throughout the world Not progress, but forgiveness; from the period of May 4th to Lepers' Church ,Destroyed Not social reform, but awak- October 11th of this year. ening; On the night of March 16th, Not a new organization, but a The Executive Committee of ruffians set fire to the church in new creation; the World's Alliance of Y. M. Soonchun Leper Colony, Korea. Not civilization, but Chris- C. A.'s will meet at Geneva from Try as they did, the lepers could tianity. July 12th-20th to discuss prepnot check the fire until floors, We are ambassadors, not dip- aration of the World Conference roof, doors, windows, the new lomats. to be held in India at the end of organ and all the other furni~h­ 1936 or the beginning of 1937. ings had been burned. Mornmg -By Erich Schick, in N eusaw them standing about heart- ruppiner Missionbote. The Continuation Committee broken and in tears. To repair of the Faith and Order Movethe damage will cost $1,250. Fighting Paganism ment will meet at Hindsgaul, This sum the lepers have pledged Denmark, from Aug. 4th-7th, themselves to raise by going The British and Foreign Bible while the Ninth World Convenwithout dinner every Sunday for Society last year added 14 new tion of the International Society two years. translations of the Bible; nine of Christian Endeavor will meet of these were African, three be- at Budapest, Hungary, from The Soonchun C h u r c h has longed to Oceania, and two to Aug. 2d-7th. about 600 members. The follow- Asia. In 1910, the number of ing is a report of the year's languages on the Society's list From Aug. 6th-11th, the 2d work: was 424; it now stands at 692. quinquennial World Conference In circulation and income the of the Churches of Christ (Dis- Baptized this year, 72; Sunday year was encouraging. The ciples) will be held at Leicester, school pupils, 656; teachers (lepers), world figure was 10,970,000 England. 72' Bible school pupils, 105; teachers, copies. In Germany there was 4' ' learned to read, 118; memorized an increase of 19,000 over the A number of international shorter catechism, 40 (4 of them previous year-a significant ad- conferences will be he I d in blind); memorized child's catechism, vance in view of the offensive Switzerland, including the meet- 38' memorized Sermon on the Mount, against Christianity. In Spain ing of the Executive Committee 19' (7 blind); memorized the entire there was an increase of over of the Universal Christian Coun- Gospels according to Matthew and 14,000 copies. In China, 4,296,- cil for Life and Work, to con- Luke, 1 (blind). 000 copies were placed out, as sider pre par at ion s for the compared with 3,902,000 a year World Conference in 1937, which -Without the Camp. earlier. The total income was meets at Chamby-sur-Montreaux £366,000, and e x pen d i t u r e from Aug. 18th-22d, and the Tri- MISCELLANEOUS £364,000. -The Christian. ennial plenary meeting of the World A I I ian c e for Interna- Sunday School Convention in Jewish Revival Planned tional Friendship through the Norway Churches, which meets in the To an outsider, Jewish people same city from Aug. 12-18. The next World's Sunday seem to be a unit, and the num- School Convention will be held in -N. C. J. C. News Service. Oslo, Norway, July 6-12, 1936.

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~===–~===–~~~~~~~==—=I.d Modern Trends in World-Religions. The acids of modernity have longer religious in.the old s~nse, and Edited by A. Eustace Haydon. 8 vo. indeed disintegrated the ol~ re- that they are religIOUS only In so far 255 pp. $2.50. T~e University of ligions. Only one of the wrIters as they are educational, in so far as Chicago Press. ChIcago, 1935. points out that one of the factors they are teaching men to be more moral and social? And why not During the summer of 1933!1 in this disintegration has been frankly transfer all ~u.r old loyalty. to group of scholars met at the Um- Christian missions _ secondary the new instrumentalItIes of educatIOn which are taking the place of the older versity of Chicago under the he considers it. As a matter of religions as sources of instruction, inauspices of the Haskell Founda- spiration, and consolation? tion and sought to interpret the fact nearly all of the moyements adjustments of six great reli- and important changes. m pr~s­ S. M. ZWEMER. ent-day Judaism, Buddh.Ism, Hmgions to modern life. They ~ade duism, and Islam are dIrec!ly. or The Rediscovery of John Wesley. reports on Hinduism, ConfucIan- indirectly due to the ChrIstIan By George Croft Cell. 420 pp. ism Buddhism, JUdaism, Islam, enterprise. No one can read t~e $2.50. Henry Holt & Co. New York.

and' Christianity and the s e evidence collected by Dr. Denms The thesis of this book is that papers are here ~resented under in his three volumes on "Chris- John Wesley and his message four general tOPICS: Wo~ld !e- tian Missions and Social Prof!- were related directly and ha!- ligions and modern SCIentIfic ress" without realizing that m moniously to Luther and Calvm A..!- thinking ; World Religi.ons and economics, social life, education, and that it is an error to class Modern Social EconomIC Prob- and religious thought, the power Wesley as an anti-Calvinist lems; World Religions and Inter- that transforms was introduced minian. Professor Cell tells m cultural Contacts; The Task of by pioneer missionaries. Dr. the preface of the radical revis- Modern Religion. Under these Carl Clemen, of the University ion of our judgment of Wesley topics the re~igion~ are grouped, of Bonn, wrote recently on the which his studies for twenty-five in each case m a dIfferent order. influence of Christianity on the years have forced upon him. Islam is discussed by Professor non-Christian religions (D e r "The long prevalent and still Martin Sprengling and C~n- Ein/luss des Christentums o:uf current anti-Calvinist interprefucianism by Professor Hu ShIh. andere Religionen, Lei p ZIg, tation of Wesley's message and The writers on Christianity are 1933), showing ho'Y the great ministry was abandoned under Professor Edward S. Ames, of changes in these varIOUS systems compulsion of the facts upwards the University of Chicago; Pro- of thought were largely due to of twenty years ago as equally fessor A. W. Taylor, of Vande,r- the impact of Christianity, di- false to the truth about John bilt University; Professor WIl- rectly or indirectly. In the vol- Calvin and to the truth about liam Ernest Hocking, of .Har- ume before us all this is ignored. John Wesley. Analysis of the vard; and Bishop FrancIs J. The chapters on Ch~ist~anity content of John Wesley's preach- McConnell. The book should give no evidence of ~elIef m the ing made it perfectly clear that have a place on the missionary authority of the ScrIptures, the for fifty-three years he said as shelf next to Rethinking Mis- finality of Jesus Christ, or of ac- extremely little about the human sions, for it has the same hu.man- quaintance with the heart of his- side of saving faith, except istic antisupernatural v I e yv- toric Christianity as expressed man's dire need of it, as he s~id point.· Christianity.is not. dIS- in the creeds. A closing para- extremely much about savlI~g tinguished as essentIally dIffer- graph in Hu Shih's paper on the faith as God's work for us m ent from other religions of the future of Confucianism at the Christ and in us by the Holy group: "In their origins both end of the book is very signifi- Spirit. F,urther, the W~s!eyan Christianity and Islam are me- cant. It sums up the impre~­ doctrine of the Holy SpI.rIt, ~o dieval Mediterranean monothe- sion one would gather from thIS conspicuous and controlllI~.g m isms." The various religions are comparative study of religion. the Wesleyan theology, SImply stood for and summed ~p the viewed as "facets of the same So we have the Y. M. C. A.'s and the true objectivity and realIty of crystal; soil, roots, pith, wood, Y. M. B. A.'s. But why not drop the bark branches, leaves, etc., of third initials? Why not frankly rec- our communion with God. It th' t " ognize that all these movements are no was indeed something of a sure same ree. . Any of the books noted In these coIumns will be Bent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[381 ]

prise from the standpoint of the from the pen of a missionary in and this number had increased Arminian tradition about Wes- Korea under the Southern Meth- to 125,479 in 1930, a seventy ley to discover that he had con- odist Board. per cent increase. sistently and categorically denied the doctrine commonly re- Dr. Wasson confines his dis- The value of the book consists ferred to him, namely, that a cussion almost entirely to the in the fact that coming, as it man can of himself by the pow- does at this time when Protesers of his free will produce or work of the mission with which tant missionary work in Korea generate this faith in his own he was connected and for this has just passed its fiftieth milemind; rather, since man is by reason it would have been better stone, it calls attention to some nature evil and incompetent to restrict the title to make it of the methods pursued and both to think and do good, it is points out a number of the local altogether necessary that saving conform to the limited scope. factors which have contributed faith as the first principle of all The purpose, as stated in the to the rapid growth of the Christian experience should be preface, is "to explain an im- church in Korea. These factors wrought in Him by the Holy portant but little understood really constituted a singularly Spirit. True genuine Christian phase of the Church in Korea, providential preparation (alfaith is in its totality the gift namely, the marked fluctuations though the author does not say and work of God." so) for the introduction of evan- in its rate of growth." Five of gelical Christianity into Korea. If Professor Cell had not in- the eight chapters the author dedicated that his view of Wesley votes to a discussion of his prob- C. S. HOFFMAN. and of the Christian Gospel had lem; the first two are introducrun back these years into the Toward the Sunrising. By B. H. past one would have been tempt- tory and the last is entitled, Brunner. 279 pp. $1.50. Cokesed to see in this fascinating book "Summary and Conclusions." another evidence of the influence bury Press. Nashville, Tenn. of Karl Barth, but Professor The main discussion is con- Cell's line has evidently been his fined to the years between 1910 A series of fourteen sermons own. It is a very fresh and and 1930, a period which the vivifying word which he speaks, author maintains include five by a Southern preacher who has clear and positive like Profes- cycles in the development of the sor E. Lewis's "Christian Mani- church when rapid growth alter- a stimulating style which occafesto." It is significant to have nate with periods of decline. His these two books, so emphatic in explanations and conclusions are sionally rises to the brilliant. their reaffirmation of the his- a matter of opinion. toric evangelical faith, coming Because the Old Testament has from the two leading Eastern The book contains a number schools of Theology in the Meth- of statements to which the ma- rich imagery in those passages odist Church. jority of missionaries in Korea today would take exception. For that speak of sunset and sunrise, Professor Cell writes with example, on page fifteen the great clarity and with a style of statement is made that the the series before us tells of the originality and power and with a supernatural element in the Gosfull acquaintance with the ma- pel, which was such an asset to sunrise and sunset in the lives of terial embodying Wesley's doc- the pioneer m iss ion a r y in trine. He has earned the right preaching to the Koreans, has to- the patriarchs and prophets, to the title of his book and he day become a liability and the has thrown a bridge across from intimation is that C h r i s t ian e. g., "The Sunset of an Old his own church to the churches workers in Korea today no of the Reformed faith. Books longer hold this view. Person- Faith," "The Sunset of Selfishlike this and Professor Lewis's ally, I bear testimony to the fact are the best contribution that that in my twenty-five years of ness," "A Sunrise wit h 0 u t can be made to the cause of service in Korea I have never unity among those who look to known the people so ready to Clouds," "The Sunrise of Jus- God to save men and not to man hear and accept the Gospel with to save himself. all its supernatural meaning as tice," "The Sunset of the Proph- taught by the early missionaries. ROBERT E. SPEER. ets," etc. There is a wealth of Another statement which is Church Growth in Korea. By W. A. misleading, unless the author re- quotations from the poets, but Wasson. Published under the aus- fers only to his own mission, is pices of the International Mission- found in the introduction where it is not always apt. We have ary Council, New York. 1935. he says: "There were about as many names on the rolls of the expository preaching of a sort, This book first appeared under church in 1910 as there were in the title, "Studies in the World 1930." In the Korean Presby- but there is an absence of Scrip- Mission of Christianity," and is terian church, which is the largest Christian group in the tural exegesis, and one misses country, the total number of communicants and catechumens the acumen of scholarship. Al- on the roll was 73,184 in 1910 together Dr. B run n e r has availed himself of the great characters of the Old Testament and by putting them on the can- vas of Biblical history, draws lessons for the home, for the Church and the preacher of to- day. S. M. Z.

A Historical-Educational Study of the Japan Mission of the Reformed Church in America. By Stephen Willis Ryder. 173 pp. $2.00. Union Theological Seminary Book Service. New York. 1935.

The Mission of the Reformed Church in America is one of the oldest missions in Japan. Its history therefore includes the

1935] OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF Q83

pioneering period of modern little if anything that the expert product of Haskell and Dawn missions, the period of rapid will find novel, he is expressly Light, the Indian maiden, who growth and that of relationships writing not for that limited class finds a shelter at the mission in with the established Japanese of readers, but for the much time of need. Nick Tumaka is churches. Beginning with Dr. larger number who know little a real character. Years ago the Verbeck, this mission has in- of China but wish to understand writer of this review met him at cluded in its membership a num- what is happening there. Mr. Zuni village where he was known ber of outstanding leaders in the Clark devotes most of his atten- as a "progressive" and eager to Christian movement in Japan. tion to the years of the impact of have his people avail themselves Mr. Ryder, a member ,of this the West on China and to the of education, sanitation, better mission for fifteen years, has changes which have ensued. housing and modern methods of carefully searched through the Very wisely, however, he has agriculture. Later he became a records of the mission, the cor- prefaced this and interwoven it Christian and died in the faith. respondence of the missionaries, with something of China's older His marker is the first tomband other relevant historical history and civilization. His stone in the Zuni cemetery and source material, and then has style is eminently readable. He bears the inscription, "Nick Tusystematically recorded the dif- writes, too, from long experience maka, Ex-governor of Zuni; 'I fering aims and attitudes of the in the Far East and from a fair am the Resurrection and the members of the mission on some familiarity with some of the per- Life.' " of the major issues in mission- tinent literature in English. The As the title indicates Chant in ary policies and programs. For specialist will find it easy to the Night weaves into its narrathe student of missions this book point out errors in fact. Those tive descriptions of outstanding contains much valuable source interested in missions will de- Zuni ceremonials, the Shalako material. Under the title, "A tect a certain bias against that (annual rain dance), the Kokok- Historical Sourcebook of the enterprise and will believe that she, the Koyemeshe, "grotesque Japan Mission," the book is is- it has not been presented in a and awesome," the Priests of the sued for wider circulation among fair light. However, the volume Bow, the legends c en t e r i n g members of the Ref 0 r m e d is, for all these shortcomings, around Toa Yallone (sacred corn Church. In this edition, a chap- one of the better members of its mountain), the coming of the ter on "Contributions of the Re- very numerous family. Corn Maidens, the making of formed Church Mission" has K. S. LATOURETTE. pottery, and other insights into been substituted for the con- the culture and religion of the cluding chapter on "Major Is- Chant of the Night. By C. Kuipers. Ashiwi (Zuni). In the foreword sues" which summarized the 215 pp. $1.00 paper, $1.25 cloth. the author recognizes the diffistudy in the edition under the Zondervan Publishing House, Grand title given above and which was Rapids, Mich. 1934. culties inherent in properly eval- uating the culture of another submitted as a dissertation in While Chant of the Night, ac- race when he says, "This may be partial fulfillment of the require- cording to the author's foreword, a tale half told, as must be the ments for the degree of Doctor "is purely fiction except for its case when one race scrutinizes of Philosophy in Columbia Uni- native setting," it nevertheless and attempts analysis of another versity. A. L. W. gives the reader in attractive race." Mr. Kuiper's presenta- form a comprehensive idea of tion while definitely Christian in The Great Wall Crumbles. By Grover Zuni customs, legends and be- its philosophy and outlook is re- Clark. xvii, 406 pp. Macmillan. liefs. For Chant of the Night is New York. 1935. an Indian mission story which markably free from bias and eminently fair in its portrayal of When an author sets himself, graphically describes not only Zuni life. Too often in the past as has Mr. Clark, to retelling the the trials of an Indian convert the reader of Indian tales of the story of the China of the past but presents the every-day life Southwest has been exposed to hundred years as an introduction of a mission station in the South- gushing sentimentality which to an understanding of the China west where problems of law and sought to idealize the old culture of today, he is attempting a task order, schools, social customs, and spoke deprecatingly of the which has often been essayed. etc., continually face the mis- He finds it next to impossible to sionaries. Here one meets the new. G. E. E. LINDQUIST.

say anything very radically new impetuous Mr. Dirks, the young Suppressing Communist Banditry in either by way of interpretation Mr. Dekman, who with enthuor of a record of facts. How- siasm is ready to try new meth- China. "China Today" Series. Edited by T'ang Leang-Ii. 110 pp, ever, a certain value is to be ods of approach, and the staid profusely illustrated. U. S. $1.50. found in each new book of this but experienced Rev. DeWitt, China United Press, Shanghai, 1934. kind, if, as is this, it is well done. who acts as a sort of balance This first volume of a pro- It at least reaches a fresh body wheel for the entire staff. Inter- jected "China Today" series is of readers with information esting native characters appear, of as great value to China's forabout a land with which the rest especially Nick Tumaka who "in eign friends as to her own peoof the world has much to do. the prime of life had been gov- ple. It presents in clear and doc- While Mr. Clark has said very ernor of Zuni," Ametolan, a umented form the origin, nature,

rise and fall of that variously other leaders and grew ever The Foreign Missionary Enterprise more influential u n til they and Its Sincere Critics. Cleland evaluated movement of recent threatened the very life of the B. McAfee. 190 pp. $1.50. Revell. years, the imported Communism, republic. Dr. Sun and General so enthusiastically welcomed in Chiang Kai Shek awoke in time, New York. and Communism was outlawed. its theory by thousands of stu- But the price of the mistake has God's Christ and God's Book. Archie dents, yet so horribly destructive been heavy, for only now is there Naismith and W. Fraser Naismith. evidence of the halting of the 126 pp. Is. 6d. paper, 2s. cloth. in its practice since its well- scourge and a hopeful beginning trained troops have become the of the enormous work of reha- Pickering & Inglis. London. bilitation in the desolated provmost murderous bandits of that inces. Fortunately many youths A Historical – Educational Study of suffering nation. So interesting have been found ready to sacri- the Japan Mission of the Reformed and enlightening is the account fice their own comfort and gain Church in America. Stephen Willis to organize and administer the Ryder. 173 pp. $2. Union Theothat a reviewer can hardly resist hard labor of reconstruction in logical Seminary. New York. the temptation to quote at length, the wake of the conquered and retreating hordes of pillagers Hot-Hearted. F. I. Codrington. 111 yet must be content to note a few and cutthroats. While the book pp. 28. Church of Zenana Mission. outstanding features. Begin- clearly recognizes the difficulty ning with China's "disastrous of this bandit-suppression, its London. tone is sanely optimistic. heritage" of half a century be- Heroes of the Cross. 96 pp. each. fore the Republic in the steady C. H. FENN. 40 cents each. Obtainable from Zondervan Pub. House, Grand weakening of central authority Helps to the Study of Colossians. and a tendancy toward provin- By W. Wilson Cash. 106 pp. Is. Rapids, Mich. cial authority, which made it im- paper. Church Missionary Society. possible to maintain peace and London. 1935. Series 5 – Jam e s Hannington, Mackay of Uganda, Aggrey the order, the writer makes clear the These brief Bible studies by a reason why Communism has secretary of the C. M. S. are, like African Teacher. been so difficult to suppress. It his notes on Ephesians and Phihas cost six million lives, thou- lippians, devotional, spiritual Series 6-Dr. Frederick Baedeker, and practical. Any earnest Horace Underwood, Art h u r sands of square miles have been Christian student will find them Neve of Kashmir. laid waste and innumerable farm helpful for the light they throw on the Epistle and for the "pre- Series 7 – David Brainerd, Dr. houses and livestock have been eminence" they give to Jesus Grenfell, McCullagh and the destroyed in the province of Christ. Red Indians. Kiangsi alone, several other New Books Series 8-David Hill, Samuel Polprovinces suffering almost as lard, Dr. Apricot of "Heaven heavily. The Communists have Apolo the Pathfinder-Who Follows? Below." A. B. Lloyd. 68 pp. Is. C. M. S. endeavored to enforce a definite London. India Calling-The Memories of Coragrarian policy, one of China's nelia Sorabji. 12s. 6d. Nisbet & greatest needs, but to enforce it Ambassadors for Christ. Mildred by massacre of landlords and by Cable and Francesca French. 160 Co. London. the stirring up of strife and mu- pp. 35 cents; $1.00 paper. C. I. M. tual hatred among the peasants. Philadelphia. Islam for Beginners. Murray T. Titus. 69 pp. Oxworth Book Serv- Instead of the promised peace Christian Realities. Robert E. Speer. ice. India. and prosperity, Communism's 256 pp. $2.50. Revell. New York. progress has meant blood and Life on the Negro Frontier. George fire, barrenness and desperate The Conquest of Cannibal Tanna. A. poverty. The revolutionary pol- K. Longridge. 200 pp. 2s. 6d. R. Arthur. $2.50. 259 pp. Assoicy of the Kuomintang has Hodder & Stoughton. London. ciation Press. New York.

sought the people's good; that of Christ's Alternative to Communism. Modern Trends in World Religions. E. Stanley Jones. 302 pp. $2.00. Edited by Eustice Haydon. $2.50. the Communists has been bent Abingdon Press. New York. 250 pp. University of Chicago on the Bolshevik "WorId Revo- Christ and the Student World. Rob- Press. Chicago. lution," regardless of the fate of ert P. Wilder. 80 pp. Is. Simpthe Chinese people. kin, Marshall, Ltd. London. The Morning I The Night Also. W. J. Maddax. 62 pp. 6d. Pickering Chinese Communism had its Epochs in the Life of the Apostle origin in the student agitations John. The late A. T. Robertson. & Inglis. London. 253 pp. $2.00. Revell. New York. of 1919, spreading widely from Negro-White Adjustment. An In- Peking University in opposition Ethical Issues Confronting World vestigation and Analysis of Methods to the Versailles Treaty, and the Christians. David Johnson Fleming. in the Interracial Movement in the 280 pp. $2.00. I. M. C. New York. U. S. Paul E. Baker. 267 pp. official traitors disposed to sell $3.00. Association Press. New their country to the Japanese. York. Many publications sprang up, Outline of Buddhism – Great Relisome of them advocating Marx- gions of the East Series. C. H. S. Ward. 149 pp. 2s. 6d. Epworth ism. Soviet R u s s i a, avidly watching, professed and prof- Press. London.

fered a unique friendship, intro- The Rediscovery of John Wesley. duced able advisers who were George Croft Cell. 920 pp. $2.50. welcomed by Sun Yat Sen and Holt & Co. New York.

South China Folk. Mary Brewster Hollister. $1.25. 141 pp. Revell.

New York.

Toward a Christian America. Her- mann N. Morse. 206 pp. 60 cents paper, $1.00 cloth. Missionary Edu- cation Movement. New York.

That Other America. John A. Mac- kay. 214 pp. $1.00. Friendship Press. New York. .

Word Studies in the Old Testament. B. A. M. Schapiro. 88 pp. 50 cents.

Hebrew-Christian Pub. Soc., New York.

Penon.I Items HAYFEVER 1884 to 1907, then served as corre-

sponding secretary of the Methodist (Concluded from !d cO'IJer.) ASTHMA …. SUMMER COLDS are …….-.,.. Sunday School Board, and afterwards Complete reliel oall: $1.08 postpaid. Nolhi… else to went to the Methodist Book Concern. Social Settlement and leading peace bUJ. 0…., 40…. HOLFORD'S WONDER INHALERS worker in Germany, but an exile since ….d1.1t Jear alooe. Mail $1.00 tode,.lor lull …….•• ••• theo Hitler revolution, declares that relief to THE DANDEE CO.. 2S2 HENNEPIN AVENUE. "eighty per cent of the pastors of Ger- MINNEAPOLIS. MINN•• or write lor Free BookieL Mrs. Chauncey Brown, former mismany now support the 'Confessional sionary of the Presbyterian Board in Synod' in its defense of Christianity Obituary Note. Hunan, China. died at Raton, N. M., against paganizing influences in Ger- May 13th. Her husband died last Sepmany, and also against the denial of Dr. John Duncan Byrnes, for nearly tember at Liberal, Kansas, while at freedom." Dr. Siegmund-Schultze ar- a quarter of a century superintendent home on furlough. rived in New York at the end of of missions of the Presbyterian Church March from Zurich, Switzerland, of Canada in northern Ontario, and ••• where he now resides. He has come very active in behalf of church union, to deliver the annual lectures on the died at his home in Tillsonburg, On- Lazarus Raikane, native African Rauschenbusch Foundation at the who was associated with Livingstone Colgate – Rochester Divinity School, • • • tario, March 80th. in his 65th year. in the middle of the last century, re- The Rev. John N. West, D.D., who cently died at the age of 100. He Rochester. N. Y. went to India in 1892 as a missionary was baptized by Dr. Samuel Moilatt, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and later sent to Kanye with Living- *** died in Detroit, Michigan. on April stone. He worked as a local Methodist 29th at the age of 73. He was a grad- preacher in Heilbron district for many . Miss Michi Kawai has returned to uate of Boston University and was years and established a number of Japan with a gift of $1,000 for her for some time principal of Lucknow native schools.

school. ••• • • Christian College. ••• Professor W a 1t e r Livingston • The Rev. Frank Lincoln Moore, Wright, Jr., of the Department of Secretary of the Western Division of History at Princeton University. has The Rev. D. R. Mackenzie, a mis- the Congregational Extension Boards been elected president of Robert Col- sionary of the United Church of Can- died on March 28th. He had been a lege and of the American College for ada, who served for 39 years in Japan, home missionary superintendent from Girls, both at Istanbul, Turkey. 1913 to 1918 and a secretary of the Dr. Wright will assume his new • • died recently at the age of 74. Home Missionary Society from 1918 duties in the Fall after teaching to 1926. He thus spent 22 years in Turkish history and language at a • tireless work in the interest of home seminar on Islamics at Princeton this missions. He was born in July. 1866. summer. Dr. Paul Monroe has been David G. Downey, book editor for president of the two Istanbul colleges the Methodist Church from 1912 to • *• for the last three years and was due to 1928, died at his home in White Plains, retire on June 30th. N. Y., March 8th, at 76 years of age. The Rev. Robert M. Logan, a Bap- Dr. Downey held pastorates from tist nllssionary of Argentina, died on Dr. Wright was graduated from January 22d. He had a remarkable Princeton in 1921 and taught history mastery of the Spanish language and at the American University of Beirut, was recently in charge of the pub- Syria, for several years. lishing house at Buenos Aires.

AN INDEX TO THE TWENTY-FIVE VOLUMES OF THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor Even though you do not possess a complete set of THE MOSLEM WORLD Quarterly, you will want this Index for the following reasons: 1. It contains a complete list of articles by Orientalists and missionaries on every phase of the Moslem problem, such as, the sources of the Koran, the life of Mohammed, the traditions, and Islamic law and dogma.

2. It will contain a complete list of all the litexature published on Islam and Moslem lands, in English, French, German, Dutch and Italian, in the last two decades.

3. Nowhere else can you obtain such an encyclopedic index to all the important articles on the subject in current periodicals.

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MOTHERLESS

of AH,FONG Motherless, practically homeless, the sons of Ah Fong were brought to Chung Mei to mingle with sixty other Chinese boys in a sympathetic, Christian atmosphere. .Here they get an abundance of fresh air, exercise and play , and are given as fine a public school education as any American lad enjoys.

Becaus~ the great bridge that is spanning San Francisco Bay needed the ground Chung Mei occupied, it was necessary to begin a new home in the sloping hills of EI Cerrito facing the Golden Gate. No money was in sight for the purpose until the boys themselves through their personal earnings and musical programs had .raised enough to buy the land. They also gave money to relieve suffering in China.

Yes, friends have helped to increase the building fund since Chung Mei was condemned to make way for the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge. but $15.000is needed to complete the new Chung MeL Will you help?

Chung Mei is not a reform school or detention .home. It is what its founders intended it should be, an institution which undertakes to provide a Christian home, care and training for under-privileged Chinese boys of tender years—orphans, half-orphans, boys from needy. broken or unfit home~, and the so-called delinque1).t or problem boy-in fact any Chinese boy who has not had a fair chance or a good.start in life.

The Home is the joint project of The American Baptist Home Mission Society. the Woman's American Baptist Home Mission Society and the San Francisco Bay Cities Baptist Union, Dr. C. R. Shepherd, Superintendent.

Send gifts and address inquiries to SAMUEL BRYANTt Treasurer The American Baptist Home Mission Society 23 East 26th Street New York City

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1926

RUTH MUSKRAT, }, FULIrBLOODElD CHEROKEE INDIAN FROM

TWO MILUON LEPERS of the world await the response of Christians to Christ's command: "Cleanse the Lepers."-Matthew 10: 8.

PETE No. ONE was a real pig, fed with 'corn by a Kansas school boy. Later • he was sold, and the proceeds saved the life of a leper.

I PETE No. Two was an iron bank, made in imitation of Pete No. One. He was fed CO;II in the back instead of corll on the ear, and he, too, saved the life of a leper. J FORTY-E'GHT THOUgA!oID of these "Pete" banks are now being fed by in- dividuals and groups. '

HOW TO HELP. If ~'OU want to join the Golden Pete Bank Brigade of helpers of the lepers, send for the free printed story and a bank, at 15 cents postpaid.

THE AMERICAN MISSION TO LEPERS 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. Room 1118-M_ BOOK REVIEWS pages of prayers make up this pam-. phlet. It will not satisfy conservative Hymn Stories. Elizabeth Colson. 88 pp. Christians. The topics covered in- $] .25. B9.ton. 1925. clude morning and evening worship, nature, praise, prayer, consecration, With exceptional success, the au- service, brotherhood and uatriotism. They are devotional and educational thor has attained her purpose of rather than evangelistic. The old showing leaders how to create among hymns are better than the new. children and youth interest in hymn singing. A year's worship services suitable for the junior department :Progressive Christianity. William A. Vroo· of church schools, for weekday schools man. 8vo. 377 pp. $2.50. New York. of religious education, Daily Vacation 1926.

Bible Schools, or junior or young Here is an effort to review and ap- praise all kinds of Christian faith- people's organizations are suggested. Roman Qatholic, Evangelical. Unitar- The church year is followed in the ar- ian, conservative and radical. About two hundred and fifty authors are rangement, and the programs of quoted or referred to–most of them so-called "modernists "-but most of worship are centered upon. 'l'welve the clearest and best Christian ex- ponents are ignored. The result is great hymns of the Church are used a conglomeration-informing but not clarifying to constructive thought. as a center. In addition to the stories of the hymns, there are also suggestions for spontaneous dramatizations and con- versations and for varied activities.

Leaders of juniors will count this book most valuable. K. s. C.

Sarangie, a Child of Chosen. Lois H. Fundamental Christianity. Francis L. Pat· Swinehart. 8vo. 157 pp. $1·25. New ton. 12mo. 324 pp. $2.25. New York. York. 1926. 1926.

Here is an unusually interesting The former president of Princeton story of a Korean girl whose mother was a courtesan and a sorceress and University is a thinker and an edu- who sold her into the life of a danc- ing girl. Sarangie was twice rescued cator. His latest book is made up of by an American missionary with much difficulty and adventure. Those who a series of lectures that he delivered begin the story will be sure to finish it and will find it worth while. in Union Theological Seminary in Virginia in 1924 and in many churches all over America since that time. They are popular lectures for thinking Christians on the Theistic Song and Worship for Young People's View of the World, Authority in Re- Conferencell. Edited by Sidney A. Weston. S4 pp. 50 cents each or 35 cents ligion, the New Christianity, Christ each for 50 or more. Boston. 1926. and Pauline Theology. Dr. Patton is Fifty-four good hymns-old and new-fourteen orders of worship clear cut, conservative, toloogpicpaol~enwtesl.l for various occasions-a conglomera- informed and courteous tion of various religions-and three These lectures are worthy of careful reading.

(Concluded on Brd cover.) THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAYAN L. PIERSON, EJUor CONTENTS FOR SEPTEMBER, 1926 _ Page .FRQNTI!3.PJECE ..•.•…. MISS RUTH MUSKR.AT, A FuLL-BLOODED OHEROKEE INl>IAN EDITOIUALS " …………………………………………..• , . . . . . . .. 661 THE CHURCH AND STATE IN MEXICO A MEXICAN VIEW OF THE L'RISIS MISSION SCHOOL REGULATIONS IN CmNA THE PRESENT CHRISTIAN SITUATION IN INDIA A TRAVELER'S OBSERVATIONS IN INDIA . . . . . . . . . . . . ANTHONY W. EVANS 667 A New York pastor vividly describes his reactions to the sceMS recently witnessed in India and his interviews with missionaries and natives.

MISS RUTH MUSKRAT WINS THE PRIZE ………………………•…. . 672 A full·blooded Cherokee Indian graduate of Mt. Holyoke CoUege is awarded the prize for the graduate of the Class of '25,wno, in. her first year (Jut of college, did the 'fIIost to pass on the benefits of her. pducation to others.

DAN CRAWFORD: CHRISTIAN PIONEER OF AFRICA .. GEOROE EDWIN TIL8LEY 675 The story of Dan Crawfo'rd's last days in. Afriaa and a recent letter from him describi1log the work to which he devoted his life. ,.

JAMES CHALMERS, MARTYR OF PAPUA …………… '..,… …………… 681 The twenty·fifth anniversary of the death of James Chalm~rs and his aowpanions at the hands of New Guinea can.nibals. ', .

A MIR.ACLE WROUGHT IN WEST AFRIOA ……….. .'.'WALTER B. WILLIA':rJs'6ga The stirr-intg account of the results of missionary work on the Kru (Joast of West Af,·ica.

RURAL RELIGIOUS EDUCATION .. , …………….. WALTER ,ALBION SqUIRES 687 The story of the il,iffic-ulties and aohievements of religious educational w'!rft.. in the rural districts of Ameriaa. ;,"

THE .COOPERATING COUNTRY CHURCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MARJORIE t>AlM'EN "691 A brief' account of what has been aocomplished th,.ough cooperation: 'mllong Protestant churches in typieal rural communities. ."

HOW KIM NAM·PO HELPED BUILD A CHURCH ….. WILLIAM NEWTON BLAIR 695 A most in.teresting aocount 01 the work of a Korean Christian woman and "er efTemive 8ervine withaut ~vealth or Mcial position. .

A CEN~R OF CHRISTIAN ACTIVITY IN KOREA . . . . . . . GHARLES S. DEMING 697 The work of the, Arth"r T. Pier,llon Memorial Bible Sohool in behalf of Christian eduoation in the Seoul district. ,~" ,-,.'

SOME ADVANTAGES OF COOPERATION … , …………….. JOHN R. Mo'rT 699 .A foroefu! presentation Of what has been. accomplished through the lrieniny unified action of Protestant .Christians working at home and abroad.

THE COURAGE OF KURAMOTO SAN …. , ….. , ………… JEAN·M. PALMORE ,~~* COSTUMING MOSLEM PLAYS AND PAGEANTS' …' .. , …… MRS. E. C. CRONK WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETINS ……. , …………………. 711 Representing the Council of Women for Home Missions and the Fedet'lktion 01 Woman's Bo(>r;ds of Foreign Mis8ion8.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ……… , ",.. , ….. ,……………•.••.. , …• 717 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ………………………………..•……. 733 Tl!JRMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five:) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 eents. Published monthly. Copyrig4ted, 1926, by MISSIONARY REvIEW PUSLISIDN(l COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIE;W PUBLISHING COMPANY. Ine.

Robert E. Speer, President Wm. 1. Chamberlain, Vice-President , Delavan 4. Pierson, Secretary Walt~r McDougall, Treasurer !'s~b1~~~: ollice, 3d " ReU;y Sto., Ha~~;u~g:;y~:; Editorial and BU~~~.y~~CCit;S6 Fifth Avenue, ltntered as lecond·clau matter at the Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March ;I, 1819· the Congo, Mr. Clark for forty-eight and A Significant Mrs. Clark for forty-six. Mr~. Clark is the Testimony first. woman to receive th*is decoration. ~* concerning REV. GEORGE G. S. GILLETT has been ap' ANNUITIES pointed Editorial Secretary of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, with headquarters in. London.

•* MISS JOY TAYLOR is the newly-appointed head of the Department of Missionary Edu· cation of the United Christian Missionary Society. • After careful investigation a REV. MORDECAI W. .JOHNSTON, of charles- generous donor recently ..ave ton, W. Va., has been elected president of one of our Mission. Boards $228,000, all his property, on . . . Howard University, Washington, D. C., the the Annuity Plan. Why not investigate for yourself the se- first Negro to occupy the position. curity of these ANNUITY AGREEMENTS and the many REV. ARTLEY B. PARSON, associate for- advantaees of the Plan? eign secretary of the Department of Mis· .sions and Church Extension of the National Write to Council of the Protestant Episcopal Church, left New York in August, accompanied by W. J. Elliott. Treasurer, Board 01 Home Mi.- Mrs. Parson, for a six-months' trip, during sions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episco- which he expects to attend the Le Zoute pal Church, 17.0I Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa. conference and to visit the missions of his church in Liberia. Morria W. Ehn…. Treasurer, Board 0/ For. Miuiom 0/ the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 .. * Fifth Avenue, New Yorl;, N. Y. REV. HnN'RY H. PlWCTOR. a Negro whose parents were slaves, was recently elected Moderator of the New York Association of Congregational ,Churehes, a body whose 31,000 members include fewer than 5,000 Negroes.

*** PERSONALS MR. RALPH F. BARTON has been elected Exeeutive Secretary for the Continuation REV. CHARLES R. ERDMAN, D.D., of Princeton, who was Moderator of General . . . Committee of the Evanston Interdenomina- Assembly last year, has been elected Presi· dent of the Board of Foreign Missions of tional Student Conference, with headquarthe Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., to ters at 15C Fifth Avenne, New York City. succeed the late Rev. J. C. R. Ewing, D.D. K.C.I.E. MISS Y. .J. FAN, one of the secretaries of the National Christian Council of China, REV. RoBER.T H. GLOVER, M.D., F.R.G.S., has been ohliged for reasons of health to for eiglteen years a missionary in China resign from her position. and for- the past five years Director of Missionary. El:tDqation at the Moodyi Bible OBITUARY Institute, has aceepted the position of As· sistant Home Director for North America REv. H. JOHN CooPER. RoBINSON, D.D., of the China Inland Mission. for thiny-eight years a missionary in Ja· pan of the Church of England in Canada, *** died suddenly in July, at the beginning of Mas. KATHERINE W. EDDY, former hostess his furlough.

of the International Friendship House of .. * the Y. W. C. A. in Japan is planning to sail for Honolulu this month, to become the REV. MAXWELL CHA.PLIN, a member of head of the Y. W. C. A. work there. the IGangnan Mission of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., died of cholera at *** Tsingtao, China, in July, in his thirty·sixth year. REv. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D.D., Miss Jean K. Mackenzie, and Miss Irene Shep- .. * * pard are to represent the Presbyterian (U. S. A.) Board of Foreign Missions at the DR. FRIEDRICH WUERZ, a well known world conference on Africa in Le Zoute, writer and lecturer and the editor of the Belgium, September 14th to 21st. EVl,lngeUsches Missionsmagazin of the Basel Mission, Switzerland, died suddenly *** all .June 4th.

DR. W. H. LESLIE and the Rev. and Mrs. *** Joseph Clark, all three Baptist· missionaries in the Belgian Congo, have .been dec- DR. fuCOIDS of the Hermannsburg Misorated as Chevalier de I 'Order Royal du sion, Germany, died on June 4th at'the age Lion by the King of Belgium. Dr. Leslie of seventy-nine. He has been director of has worked for more than thirty years in the Hermannsburg Mission for thirty years. Miss Muskrat, a stu~ent at Mt. Holyoke College, reeently presented President Coolidge with a copy of ., The Red Man in the United States," an intimate study of the present-day Indian, gotten out under the auspices of the Institute of Social and Religious Research. In this presentation she acted as the "epresentative of the Indian students of the United States.

"Our old life has gone," Ruth Muskrat said in her appeal to The Great White Father. "A new trail must be found, for the old is not good to travel farther. We must have schools. We must have help and encouragement from OUr white brothers." (See page 672.)

SEPTEMBER, 1926

XLIX, NINE THE CHURCH AND STATE IN MEXICO M ANY people fail to understand the present conflict in Mexico because they look for an intellectual or moral explanation and overlook the historical basis. The Constitution, which President Calles is endeavoring to enforce, is a revision (with some additions) of the Constitution of 1857. That instrument provided for the complete separation of Church and State, prohibited monastic orders, and nationalized church property. The adoption of this Constitution led to a long civil war and to foreign invasion; it enshrined liberties that were secured at the cost of blood. When the clerical party was defeated and Benito Juarez became president, the activities of the Roman Catholic party were transferred across the seas to the chancelleries of Europe. Napoleon III lent himself to their purposes, and ostensibly for the collection of a debt sent an army to Mexico in 1862. Defeated in a famous battle at Puebla, it was reinforced by fresh troops from France, and drove the republican army with Juarez and his cabinet to the remote corners of the country. The clerical party then invited the Archduke Maximilian to rule over Mexico as Emperor and, for two years, he was sustained in power by French bayonets. In 1866 the Government of the United States protested the presence of French troops on this continent and Napoleon was obliged to withdraw them. This action led to the triumph of the republican forces and to the downfall and death of Maximilian. The Church had staked its all on Maximilian, and consequently when he fell, it suffered the woes of the conquered. Church property was confiscated and the Constitution of 1857 was enforced amid protests similar to those being heard today.

In the conflict that followed the famous Reform Laws were proposed for the purpose of making effective the separation of Church and State. These laws were first enacted in 1859 and were consolidated into a single law in 1874 during the presidency of Lerdo de 661

Tejado. They were finally incorporated in Articles 3, 5, 37, and 130 of the present Constitution, adopted in 1917. One of the most important of these provisions states that" only a Mexican by birth may be a minister of any religious creed in Mexico." This is the crucial point in the present conflict.

Many American newspapers give the impression that the Mexican Government is persecuting the Church and is prohibiting its public worship. The same impression seems to prevail also in Mexico, for apparently a. great wave ,of religious devotion swept over the people as the first of August drew near, when by order of the Roman Catholic Archbishop, all priests were to be withdrawn from their churches and religious services were suspended. In anticipation of being deprived of religious rites, multitudes thronged the- churches in order to confess or to have their infants baptized. A society of Catholic women of the capital sent an appeal to the wife of President Calles; and asked why their church should be so bitterly attacked. Tlle natural inference from these demonstrations is that after August 1 the Roman Church is not to be free to go on with its religious services. In reality the outcry is against the regulation proliioiting foreign priests from exercising a religious ministry in Mexico.

According to The New York Times, unofficial figures, obtained at the archepiscopal offices of the Church of Rome in Mexico City, give an estimate of between 20,000 and 25,000 priests stationed in about 12,000 churches in Mexico. Undoubtedly: a large number of these priests (at least two thirds) are Mexicans who can continue to officiate at church services in harmony with the law. But the Church of Rome considers the presence of foreign priests necessary to maintain a living connection with its center of authority. As in England, in the days of Henry the Eighth, the issue turns on the right of a foreign power, as represented by the Vatican, to interfere in the government of a national church. President Calles says that the Church must be Mexican; the Pope says that it must be Roman.

The Government, while not on the defensive against Protestant churches as it is against the Roman Catholic, has impartially applied the law to all. The constitutional restrictions, instead of hampering Protestant work, have helped the missionaries to be more consistent and more urgent in realizing their goal of establishing self-supporting and self-governing Mexican churches. More responsibility will be upon Mexican pastors and leaders.

According to the "World Missionary Atlas" (published in 1925), there were then 280 Protestant foreign missionaries in Mexico, of whom only 62 were ordained missionaries. None of these are pastors of churches. There were reported last year 680 Mexican Christian workers connected with these missions, of whom 133 were ordained. The Protestant communicant church members numbered

EDITORIAL OOMMENTS

less than 25,000 out of a population of over fifteen million. In Prot- estant mission schools there were 12,724 pupils, the vast majority of whom were in elementary grades. , .

The Protestant Mis~ion Boards are endeavoring to conduct their work strictly in harmony with the constitution and laws of Mexico.

There seems still to be a place for foreign missionaries as teach- ers in secondary schools and theological seminaries, but it is not quite clear as to the limitations under which they must work. Of one thing we are certain: the pioneer stage of missions in Mexico has passed; foreigners can help Mexico only as they manifest a fra- ternal, rather than a paternal spirit. c. s. D.

A MEXICAN VIEW OF THE CRISIS T HE religious agitation in Mexico is not religious persecution on the part of the Government but arises from an effort on the part of the Government to enforce existing laws so as to put an end'to the political activities of the dominant church which has been a State Church for more than 330 years. This Church, which used to control all public activities, has not given up her political program. This program produced dissatisfaction and created divisions in her own ranks. The task of education was left in her hands by the Government, but in spite of the fact that she had more than three times as much income as the Colonial Government and had a real army of religious teachers, she did not educate the people. When Mexico secured her independence only about one half of one per cent of the people knew how to read and write. In place of training and giving preferment to the native clergy, who loved their country and desired the well-being of the people, she brought from Spain ecclesiastics to occupy the high positions of the church in Mexico. That created a division in her own ranks of the clergy and a great animosity between the lower and the higher clergy. The church formed a political party and when an election could not be secured in behalf of her party, she appealed to all sorts of unworthy means to obtain power. The leaders in the liberal party could not accept the plan of combining the religious with temporal a:ffairs, and tried to separate the one from the other. So the Constitution of 1857 and the Reform Laws of 1859 separated the Church from the State, establishing the liberty of worship, the liberty of thinking and of teaching, which the Church never accepted.

The fight has gone on up to the present day. About ten years ago, when the last revolution was at its highest point, one of the leading Catholic Mexican priests, the Vicar General of the Archbishopric of Mexico, published the following statements which will explain this most unfortunate long and bitter struggle, from the point of view of the clergy itself:

The Catholic clergy in Mexico is divided into two large groups-the creole clergy, self-denying and poor, who have, as a rule, charge of the village parishes; and the imported clergy, mostly European, rich and proud, who have great influence in the episcopates and bishoprics, as also in the rich parishes. The creole clergy have sympathized with the movements which have broken out from time to time for the progress and freedom of the Mexican people The other group in Mexico has worked in favor of reaction and against freedom. They have tried to constitute themselves a privileged class and have incited to civil strife ever since Mexico became an independent country. . . . They have abused the pulpit and their moral influence over the ignorant classes and have forced lay teachers to bind themselves that in the instruction of children they would not observe the principle of liberty of creeds, and that they would act in the interests of the Catholic Church. . . . The majority of the people of Mexico today, as in the memorable time of Juarez, cannot and will not tolerate the existence in Mexico of a privileged class, however respectable, who, under the pretext of defending a dogma. perpetrate all kinds of excesses and constantly disturb the public peace, unmolested and unrestrained. . . .

The Mexican Government is now trying to enforce existing laws to suppress the political activities or the small group of the hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church, or of any other church which may have a similar program. There is no attempt to interfere with re- ligious liberty, but rather to protect the liberty of worship by keep- ing religion out of politics, so as to leave every person free in mat- ters of conscience. If every church would confine itself to a religious program there would be no conflict whatever for the Government is also doing a real human and highly Christian labor. President Obre- gon said some three years ago to the Catholic bishop of Mexico: The fundamental program of the Catholic Church, as it is interpreted by those entrusted with its destinies, consists principally in guiding all souls along the path of virtue, morality and brotherhood-using these terms in their broadest sense–aiming on the basis of these noble purposes to assure infinite happiness for all in the life eternal.

The fundamental aims of the present Mexican Government, in which it believes it is faithfully interpreting the desires of' people, may be summed up thus: To guide all the people of Mexico along the path of morality, virtue and brotherhood-using these terms in their broadest sense-aiming on the basis of these purposes to achieve a greater well·being for the earthly life. If these two programs can be realized there will result the most far-reaching conquest of well-being ever known on earth because the well-being and happiness thus sought would have been attained both in this life and in the next. . . . In this basic conception of the two programs there is not only nothing mutually exclusive, but there should be on the contrary, indisputable har- mony.

Some local authorities may misinterpret the constitutional pro- visions, but the government officials have said publicly that the spirit of the Constitution is to control only political activities of any church and that such spirit will always prevail in interpreting the law. ANDRES OSUNA.

1926J EDITORIAL COMMENTS 6jl5

MISSION SCHOOL REGULATIONS IN CHINA A NATION that is in the throes of a new birth shouldibe dealt with patiently. With political, social, intellectual and reli- gious upheavals disturbing the whole fabric of Chinese life, it is not to be wondered at that Christian missionary work is subject to many difficulties. The Church at home and Christians in aU lands should pray most earnestly for China a.nd her leaders, should sympathize with them in their difficult task and should continue to work with them patiently.

Among the difficulties that confront the missionaries are those in Christian education. Regulations recently issued by the Ministry of Education in Peking not only provide for the proportion of Chinese in the management of schools which the Government will recognize, but declare that "the institution shall not have as its purpose the propagation of religion, nor shall it include religion among its required courses." Mr. Gilbert McIntosh, a Presbyterian missionary since 1891, says: Many of the students in missionary schools feel that their careers are being endangered if the schools refuse to rebrister with the Ministry of Education. If their diploma was from an unregistered school there might be handicaps in the future. They forget that many Chinese from mission schools have risen high in public life without having the advantage of a diploma from a registered school. Another thing that is forgotten at the present time is that if the new educational order was carried to a logical conclusion, courses in Buddhism or Taoism, or in comparative religions, would be illegal.

Many Chinese Christian educators are in favor of registration; an equal number feel it would be a mistake to modify the Christian character of higher education. Instead of compromise there should be endeavor to discover ways and means of making the colleges more Christian. Among the missionary educators there is the recognition of the fact that one must expect opposition; it is part of the price to be paid in any endeavor to spread the teaching of Christ. Many would rather close the schools than lower the standard. We ask your prayers that God will overrule and guide His servants, and maintain the glory of His name.

Lloyd Balderston, recently sent to China by the Society of Friends in the United States to study conditions there, writes that "whatever adverse criticism the total work of missionary education may merit, it has in many ways rendered to China inestimable service, generally acknowledged. These and all other schools are continually struggling with the problem of how to persuade Chinese youth that it is honorable to work. The corollary to the ancient honor accorded the scholar is the idea that scholarship is the road to ease. This idea dies hard. The new regulations requiring all mission schools to register with the Government place certain disabilities upon graduates of unregistered schools. Terms of registration include a Chinese principal or vice-principal, a Chinese majority on the managing board, and restrictions in regard to required courses in religion."

While the Chinese, doubtless, have a right to regulate the educational system in their land, they should recognize the principle of religious fr,eedom and the benefits of religious education. Missionary schools and colleges that cease to teach the Christian religion and that do not have as their chief aim the winning of their students to Christ and loyal obedience to Him have ceased to be Christian missionf,try institutions and 'should not 3:sk s~pportfrom the home Chur~h on the ground that they are. such. Missi(,Hlaries can better afford to give up their property, theIr salaries and their lives than to be disloyal to their offices and ministries as ambassadors of Jesus Christ, winning men and women of all nations to His standard.

Present Christian Situation in India BY REV. JAMES F. EDWARD, POONA, INDIA Editor of the Dnyanodaya W HEN I first arrived in India in 1908, the attitude of India to Jesus was mostly what might be called hard and unyielding, if not hostile. Within the first six months, missionary duty called me to Lucknow and, on the way, I visited a friend at Kashi or Benares, the holy city of over two hundred and sixteen millions of Irmdus. Taking a little boat on the Ganges, we sailed up the sacred river as far as Ramnagar, on the opposite bank, and I can never forget the cry that greeted us as our missionary party sailed past some of the orthodox who were engaged in holy ablutions. "Jesus be accursed!" was the greeting that fell on our ears.

That took place seventeen years ago. The change that has taken place in India's attitude to Jesus can only be described as a revolution. The question today that confronts the student of India's religious development is not whether Jesus will ever win India's heart, wEich was the question in 1908. The question, rather, is to discover the methods whereby Jesus is actually accomplishing this wonderful thing before our very eyes. To every such unbiased student, the chief thing that impresses him is not merely that Jesus is attracting to Himself individual Indians at a rate several times larger than that of the country's annual increase of population, though this is a fact worthy of note. But the twofold wonder of India at the present hour is the Christianizing of well nigh every movement in India, and the Indianizing of the Christian movement itself, with Jesus as the dynamical center of attraction in both these cardinal facts. The situation, in truth, is one of the biggest in the history of Christendom, the only fear being whether we, who are living in the actual situation, will be big enough to deal with it as it requires.

, ,':,

SHORIII OF GANGES AT BENARElS WHERE WIll TOOK A BOAT TO SEE THE

A Traveler's Observations in India BY REV. ANTHONY W. EVANS, D. D., NEW YORK Pastor of the West Park Presbyterian Chureh O N THE steamer Pilsna, going from Port Said to Bombay, I ~et a family of Parsees who were returning from a. visi~ to England. The two men wore modern dress and theIr Wives were clothed in the graceful flowing Parsee garments. They were thoroughly cultured, the men showing evidence of high intelligence and speaking English fluently. One was the collector of a district in the province of Bombay, and was familiar with the British Government throughout India. He declared himself a nationalist and was looking forward hopefully to a government in India by Indians similar to the Dominion Government in Canada. At the same time he believed that it would be a calamity for the British to withdraw from India as he considered their administration wise and just, and necessary for the maintenance of order and the promotion of progress. He cooperated with them heartily, while working for the extension of home rule. He spoke highly of Christian missionaries, emphasizing particularly their sympathy with the people and their hUiIlanitarian services.

The other Parsee gentleman was a man of spiritual insight and strong religious feelings. He revealed his devotion to Zoroaster, whose songs he had translated into English. "When I was young," he said, "I was taught to repeat every morning the prayer, '0, Lord Almighty, help me to live a righteous life this day.' "

There are about 100,000 Zoroastrians in the world, most of them 667

in India. They are the commercial leaders of Bombay, and are preeminent in culture and good works. Their contact with the British has proved most profitable and they have used their oppor- tunities for advancement. Their obedience to the laws of righteous- Iless and mercy has brought them abundant material blessings. Fire is not worshipped by them, as is generally supposed, but is to them an honored symbol of a deity, who is light and purity.

Bombay is a great and thriving, modernized city, with beautiful views from the top of Malabar Hill, burning ghats, where the bodies of the Hindu dead are burned, towers of silence where the Parsee dead are consumed by vultures, Elephanta Cave across the bay, where the Hindu gods in mutilated figures are still worshipped.

The heat was almost unbearable. Leaving Bombay, we travelled north through the night in a comfortable sleeping car. At Ahmeda- bad we were surprised to find the streets crowded with people not- ,withstanding the intense heat-104 in the shade. Here we had our first contact with idolatry which we were to see so continually. It awakened in us strong reactions: surprise that the human mind could be so blind in its thought of God, and pity, pity that people could be so ignorant and degraded. Some thought that the system could only be overthrown by some extraordinary judgment, bringing about a wnolesale destruction of temples, shrines, images 'and institutions connected with idolatrous worship and teaching. The Mohammedans who are so fanatical in their antagonism to idolatry, might some day rise and sweep over the land exercising vengeance upon idola- trous persons and places. But this wholesale use of force did not seem to us to be the Christian way of solving the problem.

Can the British Government do anything effective by law' Already it has forbidden the imolation of widows, the sacrificing of children and other evils. But the abolition of idolatry by the British Government would be attended with danger and would be consid- ered as violating the principle of religious freedom. "That which is impossihle with men is possible with God."

At Ahmedabad we visited a Jain temple. Originally J ainism was an offshoot of Hinduism, emphasizing extreme asceticism and pro- testing against caste and the sacrifice of animals; now it has merged more or less with Hinduism, though retaining an independent organ- ization with over a million people. Before entering the ornate and beautiful temple, it was necessary for us to take oft' our shoes and put on sandals. At the sides of a square court was a raised porch, with fifty shrines containing idols of Hindu deities-Brahma, the creator, Vishnu, the preserver, and Siva the destroyer. In the center of the court was a beautiful shrine, containing a life-sized figure of a woman, the supreme deity of the place. In the marble hall of worship we found a number of worshippers, kneeling on the polished floor, making little figures with sacrifical rice on smooth boards and

A TRAVELER'S OBSER,VATIONS IN INDIA

offering them to the goddess, saying, "0 God excuse (pardon) and help me to go to heaven." So much external beauty enclosing so much spiritual darkness!

A few miles from Ahmedabad is the home of Gandhi, the famous prophet and reformer of modern India. rrhe national college, founded by him, has three or four hundred students in attendance.

An industrial colony has also been organized by him near by. His house is a simple unpretentious building in the midst of a garden.

His secretary or representative, although a high caste Hindu, shook hands and greeted us heartily as he explained that Mr. Gandhi was on a lecture tour. He told us that the labor colony was an effort on Gandhi's part to solve the indus- trial problem of India, by teaching the people .spinning and weaving.

Between five and six hundred were receiving instruction there. The spinning and weaving movement was not for the purpose of boy- cotting British goods, he said em- phatically, but for the more posi- tive purpose of promoting indus-'

try among the people who are con- stantly facing poverty and starva- tion.

The Indian mind is said to be mystical, immaterial, but what is the use of mysticism that is blind to truth, that has no real God, and achieves neither holiness nor wis- dom? At Amber,the ancient capi- A "HOLY MAN" NEAR KALI TEMPLE tal of Jaipur, a place of towering AT CALCUTTA hills and deserted fortifications, amid surroundings of faded splen- dor, we visited a little temple sacred to the worship of the most popular and revered of the Hindu deities, Kali, the wife of Siva. At the bottom of the steps leading up to the shrine of the goddess, in an angle of the wall, was a pile of sand, and behind it in a corner, a col- lection of long knives. In former times, we were told, children were sacrificed here. Now, every morning, a goat is sacrificed, for this goddess can truly be worshipped only by the sacrifice of blood. The gtuesome scene is repeated in myriads of places throughout India.

But later we became aware of a growing sentiment against these animal sacrifices. A regent in one of the southern provinces has re- cently forbidden them throughout the province and has ordained that cucumbers should be used instead.

We visited Benares, the most sacred city in India~but such sacredness! Thousands of temples, priests and gods, and so little real and effective religion! The morning after we arrived, ata little after six, we saw crowds lining the shores of the sacred River Ganges and wading or worshiping in its waters. We boarded a two-story boat with seats on the top, shielded from the heat by a big umbrella. The place where we embarked was crowded with boys and women, and some families. Not all were worshippers. Some were there for bathing and others to wash their clothes. As we rode along near the shore, we noticed a group of men in a boat engaged in contemplation, and many ,individuals up to their waists in the water going through a rituaJof worship, pouring the water over their heads and shoulders for purification, and even taking it into their mouths for the same purpose. Close at hand was one of the big sewers of the city pouring its filthy contents into the river. But no one seemed to care. There were booths for rich and poor on the shore. We saw ghats where bodies were being burned, the remains, with the ashes of wood, thrown lat'erinto the river. On our return, we saw men pawing over the ashes in search for bits of gold or silver. The shore for more than a quarter of a mile presented a series of pictures unmatched anywhere on earth. Behind, on the hill overlooking the tents and the people, was an impressive line of palace-like buildings and temples, one temple, the Nepalese, being one of the most notoriously indecent in the city. The river itself is a broad noble stream with a strong cu!'rent and a mighty flood of water. If it were not so it would be a more prolific source of disease and death to its worshippers.

The holiest (1) place in Benares is the golden temple, having three towers plated with gold. The place was full of priests, beggars, lepers and diseased of every kind. Our compassion at the :human misery exhibited was accompanied by a feeling of deep disgust at the uncleanness on every hand. How degraded that conception of holiness which tolerates and approves such uncleanness! A dead rat left in one of the passages to be reverenced intensified our sense of horror. The principal god of the temple is Siva the destroyer. The sacred heart of Bemires produced in us intense repugnance, and antagonism to the whole idolatrous system of India, which protects and encourages the worship of animals, as cows and monkeys, and which makes sacred innumerable spots of darkness, filth, and iniquity. Over two hundred millions of Hindus are victims of the deadly poison of this false worship. How 'is India to be rid of idolatry, the perpetual cause of ignor- ance, sadness, poverty, wretchedness, and shame? Not by an easy toleration, as if the system could produce valuable effects and might develop into something uplifting; not by indifferentism, as if the rest of the world had no responsibility in the matter; not by aggres-

A TRAVELER'S OBSERVATIONS IN INDIA

sive opposition and efforts at destruction; not by shutting our eyes to the facts and deceiving ourselves by statements that the idolatry is not real but apparent.

In a beautiful temple in Calcutta, standing in a shrine of the goddess by the side of the high priest and the guide explaining the image I made bold >to ask if the image were a symbol or an object of worship.'l'he answer was plain and positive, "V{e worship the image of course." The idolatry of India is as real and as destructive of morals and human welfare and progress as was the idolatry -of Israel under Jeroboam and the kings that followed him.

The solution of the mighty problem of India is universal erilight- eningeducation, and the tactful but determined spread of Christian- OUTSlDE THE KALI TEMPLE AT CALCUTTA ify throughout all its provinces. The false gods must be displaced by the living God. Religious leaders among the 'natives must become followers of Christ, the Saviour and Lord of mankind. The Christian forces now in India,~vith their station schools, colleges, hospitals and institutions of helpfulness are the supreme instrumentality there for the enlightme.nt and transformation of the people. More consecrated and competent missionaries are needed, more Christian schools, more Christian evangelism. Cultural influences, emanating from small groups of educated and idealistic men are helpful, but India will not be saved except by the promotion of the program of Christ, Who alone can bring light and love and salvation to all the people.

Ruth Muskrat Wins the

(See Frontispiece) T HE prize of $1,000 offered some months ago by Henry Mor- genthau to the graduate of the class of 1925 trom Mount Holyoke College, who during her first year out of college would do the most to pass on to others the benefits of her education has been awarded to Miss Ruth Muskrat, a full-blooded Cherokee Indian.

Miss Muskrat went from the public schools to work for the Young 'Women's Christian Association in New Mexico. Her efforts in behalf of her race were so sincere, and so capably undertaken, that she attracted the attention of Mrs. F. S. Bennett of the Board of National Missions of the Presbyterian Church. Cooperating with . MiSs::Woolley;' president of Mount Holyoke, Mrs. Bennett secured , for-the.lndiangirl a scholarship in Mount Holyoke,and there four -fruitful -years were spent.

On the afternoon of Commencement Day ~Iiss Muskrat left Mount Holyoke for Tahlequah, Oklahoma, to accept the post of Dean of Women of Tahlequah College. There she took up her work for. her race, without any thought of a prize. In nine weeks' time she UQt- only Jmiped personallymamy nnadjnsted girls, some of whom were in extreme.need _of help but she organized the social life of the l;l00-w.IDlleTh.students at:the :collega She corrected housing condi- tiOOls, :especially.thecliabit ·of letting .girl and boy students room in the -sam.e..building; -and,ioI'mulated rules to govern their behavior, modeled on those in force in the Universities of Kansas and Okla- homa.

By the end of the summer Miss Muskrat had done the thing most needed to bring the morale of the college back to what it had been 'some years before when parents were confident of good care in sending their daughters there. She arranged for speakers to come to the college to talk to the women on mental hygiene, etiquette, religious and spiritual growth, vocational guidance and kindred s)lb- jects. Since practically everyone of her students was going out as a school teacher she felt that through them she was reaching the whole state. In the fall she left 'l'ahlequah to be a teacher in Has- ke.n Institute, Lawrence, Kansas, the largest school for Indians in the United States. This had always been her ambition and she felt that here lay her great opportunity to help her race.

-Without taking any time for rest Miss Muskrat went direct from the Tahlequah Summer School to the Ponca Reservation and there spent "' four long weeks of constant heartache." She wrote: "These people on the Reservation are a constant prey to grafters, bootleggers and shysters. They have no way of knowing who is a friend and who is an enemy." In this brief month she set to work 672 to make new and interesting kinds of social gatherings for the girls, -picnics, sewing parties, evening parties, and lawn parties on the mission lawns-a blessed and appreciated change for these girls from summers spent before in trailing after nomad parents from Indian dance to Indian dance.

At Haskell Institute Miss Muskrat was assigned to teaching in the eighth grade; but teaching is the smallest part of her work. In every way she has tried to pass on to members of her race all t4e best that she had found in college, and in her contacts with other races. "I knew what they wanted," she says, "because I came from the same background as they." In giving these people what they needed, with no thought of self-aggrandizement, Miss Muskrat did more than any other Mount Holyoke girl in the graduating class of 1925 to pass on to others the benefits of her education. She deserves the award of the Morgenthau Prize, and her work is only just begun!

Some months ago Miss Muskrat was delegated to deliver to President Coolidge a copy of Mr. Linderquists's valuable book on the American Indians. Her speech on that occasion, as the representative of her race, was as follows: Mr. President: This volume of, "The Red Man in the United States" is presented to the "Great White F'ather" in behalf of the many Indian students of America. It is a book which bears the best we have to offer-the story of our struggles and our tragedies, of our victories and our development. The volume presents the results of an exhaustive investigation made under the auspices of what is now known as the Institute of Social and Religious Research. It gives for the first time a comprehensive account of the social, economic and religious conditions among my people, as they are today. . . .

Back on the Cheyenne Reservation in Oklahoma Indian women have worked with loving and painstaking care to make this gift worthy for the "Great White Father," weaving into this beaded cover the symbolic story of our race-the story of the old type of Indian, greeting with the hand of friendship the founders of this great nation, and the story of the new Indian, emerging from his semi-barbaric state, tilling the soil, and building for the citizenship under the guidance of the school.

Mr. President, there have been many discussions of the so-called Indian problems. May we, who are the Indian students of America, who must face the burden of that problem, say to you what it means to us Y You know that in the old days there were mighty Indian leaders-men of vision, of courage, and of exalted ideals. History tells us first of Chief Powhatan who met a strange people on the shores of his country and welcomed them as brothers; of Massassoit, who offered friendship and shared his kingdom. Then appeared another type of leader, the war chief, fighting to defend his home and his people. The members of my race will never forget the names of King Philip, ~f Chief Joseph, of Tecumseh. To us they will always be revered as great leaders who had the courage to fight, campaigning for their honor, as martyrs on the soil of their fathers. Cornstalk, the great &d Jacket of the Senecas, and Sequoyah of the Cherokees were other noted leaders who have meant much in the development of my people. It was not accidental that these ancient leaders were great. There was some hidden energy, some great 2

driving inner ambition, some keen penetration of vision and high ideals that urged them on.

What made the ·older leaders great still lives in the hearts of the Indian youths of today. The same potential greatness actuates the Indian student, who must become the leaders of this new era. The old life has gone. A new trail must be found, for the old is not good to travel farther. Weare glad to have it so. But these younger leaders who must guide their people along new and untried paths have perhaps a harder task before them than the fight for freedom that our older leaders made. Ours must be the problem of leading this vigorous and by no means dying race of people back to their rightful heritage of nobility and greatness. Ours must be the task of leading through those difficult sta'ges of transition into economic independence, into more adequate expression of their arts, and into an awakened spiritual vigor. Ours is a vision as keen and as penetrating as any of old. We want to understand and to accept the civilization of the white man. We want to become citizens of the United States, and to have our share in the building of this great nation that we love. But we want also to preserve the best that is in our ancient civilization. We want to make our own unique contribution to the civilizations of the world-to bring our own peculiar gifts to the altar of that great spiritual and artistic unity which such a nation as America must have. This, Mr. President, is the Indian problem which we who are Indians find ourselves facing. No one can find the solution but ourselves.

In order to find a solution we must have schools; we must have encouragement and help from our: White Brothers. Already there are schools, but the number is pitifully inadequate . Already the beginnings of an intelligent and sympathetic understanding of our needs and our longings have been made through such efforts as this book represents. For these reasons today, as never before, the trail ahead for the Indian looks clear and bright with promise. But it is yet many long weary miles ahead until the end.

It is out of gratitude for the opportunities of education and culture which have been afforded us by the interest of the White Man, and out of our love for this nation to which we are eager to contribute our best, that this book is presented to the "Great White Father" in behalf of the Indian students of America.

THE RISING TIDE THOUGHTS FROM DR. JOHN R. MOTT The spiritual tide is rising. There has been nothing like it in all history.

'I'here is a rising tide of opportun,ity. It is difficult to mention a country not open to the Gospel.

There is a rising tide of beneficence and interest in Christian missions.

Viewing the rising tide of expectation, it seems to me that the loving Heavenly Father is brooding in love over all His earthly family.

Up and down the world I see the rising tides of faith, a turning from irreligion to Christianity.

I see the rising tide of vitality, like a river flowing from the city of God and the Lamb bringing life for the healing of the nations.

If ever we needed strong pilots and a definite goal, we need them now. We need wise pilots, who know the Port, who know the course, and know the sources of power. May God help us that we may not miss the opportunities of this hour.

Crawford: Christian Pioneer of

BY DR. GEORGE EDWIN TILSLEY, F.R.G.S., LUANZA MISSION, CONGO BELGE I N THE Long Grass Lands of Central Africa see the hunter, bow and spear in hand, returning from the chase. Out of the all- hiding bush, he marches into the clearing of his king's village.

He is observed. Up goes the shout, "Mat'ingo! Mavingol" which, being interpreted, means: "Justification 1 Justification."

"Hi! you there! All this time you have been off, hidden out of sight in the long grass; produce something to show that you have made good use of your time. " No soft enquiries after comfort and safety. He has been soaked by dew, torn by thorns, in danger from wild beasts; he is weary and an hungered. But first-what results ~ "Justification!" "Jllavingo!"

Then the proud moment as the hunter shows the cut-off tail of the kill. " K anyama, Mwane." (Just a tiny animal, Excellency.) Repre- sented by that tail, or tails, there may be half a ton of meat cached in the long grass waiting to be fetched by the subjects of the king. If ele- phants are in question, it may be ten tons. Still, his report is "A tiny animal, sir."

Out of Central Africa '8 Long Grass where constantly he sought souls for his King, Dan Crawford has marched, suddenly, into the clearing of the King's presence.

"Mavingo, Dan. "-("Justificationl") "Kanyama, Mwane.>J (Only a tiny animal.) Only a life time hidden away DAN CRAWFORD IN HIS PRIME in the African bush. Only a life time of consistent seeking for souls. Only hundreds of those African souls saved by the blood of Christ. Only African churches founded and established. Only the whole Bible translated into a foreign tongue. Only a kanyama!

. Dan Crawford's accomplished work was" just a tiny animal."

He had expected to do more, much more. In these last years, many a time he discussed with me the work that he had hoped still to do for God in Central Africa. "And you, dear old boy," he would say, "you must be my Timothy."

675

About Dan Crawford there was no "shouldering the crutch to show how fields were won." His slogan for 1926 was "Hats off io the past, coats off to the future."

I met him first-it was in my imagination-when I was six years old. He had married my father's sister, Miss Grace Tilsley of Bath. The stories of "Uncle Dan" constantly heard in childhood constituted to me a definite call to go to Luanza as a doctor to lend a hand. "The dominant wish comes true."

Now, after twenty years of forward looking, at last here we are in the train rattling into Elizabethville whence we are to start on our long march to Luanza. It is nearly midnight. Uncle Dan is to meet us. We draw to a standstill, but he is not there. We wait nearly an hour for him. And the reason ~ There can be one onlyand that Dan Crawford's rule of life. The Gospel first. "Give me the Gospel to the whole world," he often said, "and you can have all the rest." At that late hour of the African night and in that devildarkened mining town of Elizabethville, he had been busy about his pr,imary business-preaching the Gospel. Always that came first with him. He made it a rule never to let the day close without having dealt individually with at least one soul. Noone ever came into contact with him and went away without the Gospel. This I saw to be so during the years that followed, while we lived with him in Luanza during the last years of his faithful life of bush-Gospeling.

The gift of tongues was upon him. As a translator, his work was preeminent. Not a few Africans have said to me "Konga Vantu!" '("Gatherer of the People" was his native name.) "That one, does he not know more about our language than we do ourselves r" Of the New Testament, when it was read in their hearing, they would exclaim, "Our own tongue, verily our own, own tongue!"

Sometime ago the National Bible Society of Scotland published a revision he had made of his former New Testament. When the first of those beautiful red New Testaments with their splendid illustrations arrived in Luanza, his excited joy and his thankfulness in God :were delightful to see. His manuscripts of the Old Testament are complete. They have still to be printed. $10,000 would produce the edition and crown his life's work. "The whole Bible in every hut of the land" was his great objective.

The morning came, under the hot African sun, when, for the last time, we scrambled with him down the cliff to the shore of Lake Mweru. ",Ve were off to England; the Old Testament was to be engineered through the press. All the way down he talked plans for our future work together when, the Old Testament printed, we should have returned to Luanza.

The' Lady of Luanza, his noble wife, was there. Miss Bryde from Australia was there. They edged toward the dug-out till they were standing in the water. With yearning he kissed each of our

DAN CRAWFORD: CHRISTIAN PIONEER. OF AFRICA

three children and they were carried aboard. We gripped hands as we said: "Good-bye-Good-bye. Till we meet!"

The African sun shone on his white hair as he bared his head. The wavelets of Lake Mweru lapped his feet. Round him were crowded his beloved Lubans. The paddlers began their endless chant. The canoe began to dance across the shallows. The sturdy upstanding figure of Uncle Dan, dearly loved figure in the knickerbocker suit, grew smaller and smaller and we caught our last glimpse of him. An abutment of the cliffs shut him from view. We thought of those years, those wonderful years with Uncle Dan; those years crowded with vivid lessons in the deep things of the Word, and in "thinking black."

On the night of Saturday, May 29th, 1926, in his tillY, cell-like bedroom, Dan Crawford lay asleep. He awoke as he has waked a thousand times before, the richer by a fragment of new-found truth. As he had done a thousand times before, he stretched for the paper and pencil to record his thoughts in writing. He knocked his Jeft hand abrasing the skin. There was iodine there, but he was too sleepy to use it. On Sunday morning the hand was painful and there was much swelling, but by Monday afternoon the pain had lessened. On Wednesday there was no pain at all. At two o'clock on Wednesday afternoon, June 2nd, the mail having arrived, he dictated his last communications. Then he said: "My left arm is poisoned and this poison is knifing my very heart; so we are in God's hands and all is well. It is harrowing and might have been avoided, only I was sleeping in my little cell in a deep sleep. This made me forget the iodine which is the panacea of my life. To say that it is harrowing is only to remind you that it is the harrow that produces the smiling lands of corn, and this explains that "We-glory-in-tribulation" verse-but, do we? Good-bye, dear friends, we will meet at The Appearing in the excellent glory."

During Thursday, June 3rd, he was in deep sleep all day except when roused twice to take nourishment, and at about 6: 30. without further sign or movement, "he was not, for God took him."

The church elders joined the kneeling group at the bedside. Oh, how they prayed! From the village there came the terrible sound of the wailing of many hundreds of stricken women. All night heart-broken men worked at the necessary preparations, messengers hurried through the night. The elders tenderly pillowed his head on a copy of his translation of the New Testament. Then up the side of the Kundilungus went the great procession to the quiet cemetery amongst the African forest trees, and the soil of Central Africa received the body of Dan Crawford-a Greatheart of Africa.

A Letter from Dan

I AM all flushed up by the quarterly incoming of our black gospellers with their "reports." They being fresh likewise freshen me up. I must get fresh enduement from on high, or I cannot touch God's holy things. Is it not written both in the Book and in our bones, "Take heed unto thyself (first of all) and to the doctrine" ~ And, so these fine young Timothys gush out the old Gospel, even our local lake here being just like dear old Galilee. I love that name "Galilee of the GenWes" because it means to me all the wide grace of God to "the Gentiles" gushing out on the lost races of mankind far beyond the lake limit. No lake without that figure treading its waters! No storm without that voice mightier than its roar! No meal without that face uplifted in bless· ing! No grave without that tender heart touched with sorrow! No burden wi~hout those willing shoulders to share the yoke!

These preachers are all lakeside m~m, hence anything with lash of wave or sinking ships in it seems very local and lively. Of all the metaphors outside the Bible, to me nothing can excel the life-rope in a wreck. This is a parable of our living and growing faith in the storms of life. For a very personal reason this life.rope. is a perfect symbol for a growing faith-and if it does not grow it is not faith. I tell them of what they never saw in their far interior-a great ship wrecked; the eager crowds on shore; the sending up of the rocket; the first flash of the life-line, in its first phase a mere thread-that is our first faith contact. Then comes the beautiful part, the "my faith is growing" part, when those on the wreck grab the rope with no gainsaying. They go on and on, pulling on it, until the thin thread thickens into a larger rope. Yes, the self-same rope, growing from thick to thicker until it thickens at last into the thickest rope of all.

There was a sad day when it was not so with me; that day when God rebuked my petulance in this very life-line metaphor. I overheard a cheap scratchy gramophone shrilling out that dear old revival hymn, "Throw out the life-line." Since then the thin lifeline thickening on from thick to thicker and thickest has become the mightiest metaphor unto my soul. The loving life-line of faith may grow thicker and thicker unto the perfect day of escape from all the storms of sin!

I have been a month at "house-to-house" evangelism. I always go with an elder of the Church so that in the mouth of two witnesses the testimony for Christ should follow Christ's own demand. The whole f.amily must be there and the children's chatter is very amusing. Over the fence one little child, a mere toddler, heard her little 678 friend (about 30 inches long) receive some very sprightly maternal correction. The cries of her tiny friend made the other tiny one disconsolate. "Oh! mother," moaned she, "you must beat me also so that I can console (dishya) my little chum." To merely talk consolation, even to this bundle of screams, would be false–so thinks this thirty inches long little nobody! Even our word "sympathy" merely means to "suffer together": so mere verbal sympathy is only half the truth.

Here at close quarters we lind a dark mentality where through fear of death they all their lives are subject to bondage. In plain print, this means that evil spirits breed evil surmises in the soul. Mupamba is the word on all their lips for an evil omen, and this swings you away back to the black days when any such mwpallnba is a demon-warning to avoid trouble. It blinds and benumbs their minds. Take this case of these four women with four fateful phases in their story. They who do not know what coal, "the black stone," is went out into the woods to get faggots. Picking out a biggish tree the four of them tackled it, taking turn about with their little axes in the felling. Their rwupamba, their evil omen, came when the falling tree in its crash killed one of the four. This they call "a telegram from Eternity"-what a translation! Then comes aftermath. These women being in the grip of .lying demons are under some hidden ban of destiny. Therefore, they should most surely obey the tribal demon-dictum and "get right with God." For these lying Bpirits profess to speak for God. This means they must get a devil-priest and confess to him all hidden wrong, thus (that lie again!) getting" right with God." This they did not do. This they did not have time to do. Do deVil-priests grow on every tree1 Therefore this they say was why that that very evening the second demon-blow fell, with a crocodile killing the second of the four, the other two remaining "under the club," the African Sword of Damocles.

This, then, is the queer kind of atmosphere one meets when one tackles "every house" for the Lord. Ilunga's case is almost akin to this, and has live links. (1) Morning saw her off among the manioc, shipping off some roots for soaking in the river. (2) Then the great snake Lukungwe struck at her, coiling around the body. (3) She had a hard struggle when finally her son appeared cutting off the snake's head with one gash. (4) Then they go hack late. But though late, water must be drawn for an evening meal. (5) Then it was (so they say) the mupamba was manifest for a crocodile did kill her in one grab. Certainly it is neither exaggeration nor extenuation to say that this is the true mentality we must tackle.

From over the mountains here come two kings who have just received their official investiture. I was the friend of both their fathers so it is a far accepted act of etiquette that all such must come over the

plateau to VIsit their grandfather here on the cliff overhanging the great lake. Then they go back fortified to support our Bible School. Back to "presence" the Gospel meeting, that is to say, to encourage all their people" to give God His date;!' and listen, only listen to the Glad News. All these absurd African kings have a dash of dignity about them and being kings, "the maximum of manhood," they are presumed to have no bodily deformity. They even commit suicide when any such calamity of deformity befalls them. Chilumba's case points that way. The chief was sleeping, snoring in fact far too fatu- ously not to attract the prowling spotted hyena. Coincidental with his last great orchestral flourish came the intruding wild beast and sad to say, away went the front of the royal face in the animal's mouth. In his helplessness the king fell into the .fire. Finally seeing a life of infra-dig deformity ahead he "royally" rushed to the river and the crocodiles .finished the story. Alas! never a hint that deformity of soul should have a prior abhorrence to mere deformity of body.

Born in the outlying villages our preachers have all been in and out of Ltianza as mere children. Getting a taste of it so early, he resolves to return at a maturer age or even as soon as he has anything to say about it! This means, almost literally, that the whole floating population of the country, having formally passed through our hands, has received an offer of life and love eternal. But, out far, farther, farthest out is our desire, in the will of God, for these young gospellers. I promise never to desert them. God never will desert His African apostles so why should IT In myoId field out west God's work has lost a humble native who was a prince in Israel. Sometimes we tremble for such highstrung ones: we wonder, will they last 1 Something must burst, we think. Then at last the great "begone unbelief" day comes, and even they die gloriously in the Lord full of fragrant memories. Such a great loss we have suffered through the death of dear Setosi, God's man in Christ. First Fact. One of the elders said, "Shall we ever see another man like him 1 1 think not," and few, white or black, few have shown more of the Spirit of Christ than he did.

Second Fact. When first converted, more than twenty years ago, he was a paltry slave, and his master was very angry and threatened to sell him for getting saved! Does not a slave master own soul as well as body? However, before this was done Setosi had a royal opportunity of showing what Christ was doing for him in the deeps of his soul. Third Fact. One day the very slave master of Sasenda capitu.

lated to Christ and said, "I have watched that slave of mine Setosi, and 1 can see that he is a changed man; Christ has changed him, and if that is what is meant by being a Christian, then r want to be one also."

JAMES CHALMERS-MARTYR OF PAPUA

Fourth Fact. After his old slave's death this same Sasenda, speaking with tears in his eyes, told how Setosi the slave had brought them all to the Lord. "He went straight, never swerving to the right or left and we just following; a long way off. it is true, as he was far ahead of us, and it is owing to his straight life that we are here to-day."

Fifth Fact. Ah, this makes an African missionary weep for joy. One after another told how Setosi brought them to 0hrist. One even told how his whole village had been. won through Setosi's faithfulness. Another showed a full-length painting of the man when he said: " We called him'Osoma yakuenje,' because among the elders he was an elder, among the young men he was a young man, to the children he was a child." Know ye not that a prince and a great man has fallen in Israel ¥ Black but comely! They will miss much, especially in the new district where he has lived the past few years.

It was a black man who carried Christ's Cross for Him along the via dolorosa. And he it is, the same blessed black, who carries many a lesser cross for us. Another most noble worker fallen, Mulene they loved to call him. "Only a black man!" yes, but as white as many a white is black. This stalwart was a Standard Bearer if ever Christ had one since the days of Paul.

James Chalmers-Martyr of Papua* The Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the Death of Chalmers and His Associates in New Guinea BY REV. B. T. BUTCHER" PAPUA On April, 8th, 1901, James Chalmers, Oliver Tomkins and eleven Papuans were slain in an attempt to carry the Gosper to the savages of Goaribari in the Gulf of Papua. Chalmers had lived for thirty-jive years in the mission field; Oliver Tomkins had left his Norwich home little more than a year before BETWEEN the Fly River and the line of stations that reached from the east to the Purari Delta were the cannibals around Cape Black- wood and the Island of Goaribari. These were still untouched; tribes fierce and numerous who counted the skulls of their victims by the thousands. It was impossible for Chalmers to resist the challenge of their presence; one journey more; one more great tribe to win to friendship as a step towards winning them for Christ. And so the the Niue set out from Daru with the chief of one of the Fly River villages and ten young men from the same locality, and Chalmers and his young colleague, Oliver Tomkins. They cautiously threaded their way through _the mudbanks towards the low shores lined by the dull mangrove forest, and, as they dropped anehor opposite Dopima, canoes shot out from different villages and surrounded them, while cro~ds of tall, wild, painted savages forced their way on board. The forbidding aspeet of the country, so low and sombre, so uninviting, was a fit setting for the haunts of these fierce warriors whose yells split the air as they called to their eomrades or trod fearlessly on the deck of the white man's boat..

• From Tile Chroniole of the London Missionary Society, April, 1926.

The day was closing and no visit ashore was contemplated b.efore the morning. The sun set and darkness came quickly and "Tamate" and his young colleague ate their last meal together in the little cabin of the Niue. There were plans made for the morrow; a suggestion that was never even enter- tainedby the younger man that the older should land alone, and then a night with sleep broken by the shouts of men ashore or the movements of the watchers upon deck. 'fhen dawn and everyone about before the sun rose, a cup of coffee, and thirteen men in the whaleboat starting for the shore.

There L'l a creek running up alongside the great house or dubu daimo of the men, and they pulled the boat up this and fastened it. The landing party marched towards the great house, climbed to the entrance platform and sought to make friends with the crowd that there awaited them. But through the night these men had been plotting, and messengers had called in the braves from other villages, and in a moment a murderous onslaught was made upon the visitors, which ended in the death of the grand old missionary and all who came with him.

Not long ago I was talking to one who was near by when it happened.

He saw the corpses of the slain carried round to the different villages where all were eaten, except the bodies of the white men. There was something awe- some in their white skins. These were surely the children of another world.

For a time the headless body of Chal- mers was placed in the whaleboat, which, left unfastened, drifted to and fro upon the sullen tide. Those lives were never wasted. They have never even died, but still speak, and call us on to high en- deavor. Their work lives, too, and the man who told me of all the tragic happenings he had seen about Goaribari is now a follower of the Master whom James .JAMES CHALMERS Chalmers served, and with his hair all Kmed in Papua, AprlJ 8, 1901 streaked with grey, goes out to preach Christ among the people. In Dopima, with all its sad memories, when I enter tlie house on the site where these thirteen men were slain, the people welcome mc with gladness and call me father. They come to me with their troubles and their sicknesses, while the children learn to read the story of their Saviour.

The seed that the two men died to sow is bearing fruit. Some dozen years ago in that same village, with its house still adorned with scores of human skulls and with the women of the village passing us in aU their filth and degradation, I was talking to the Governor of Papua, who had landed from his yacht that day. We stood watching the scene, and then as he turned to me he said: r : 'Butcher, there is only one thing that can raise these men and women and that is Christianity. "

James Chalmers blazed the tt·aiI. His strong 'voice still calls. His chal- lenge to the Church is still a challenge, and as the Church follows where he and many other pioneers have led, that Church, in seeking to save a world, will save herself and find an even greater meaning in her faith.

A Miracle Wrought in West

Social Service in the Nana Kru JJiission, Liberia BY REV. WALTER B. WILLIAMS Superintendent of the Nana Kru Methodist Episcopal Mission, West Afrka T HE social Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ is starting to take root in loving and divine and humane service among the Kru folks here in West Africa. The change is a miracle. The Krus were bloody, warlike, quarrelsome, eaten up with superstition. After eighteen years preaching the Gospel, the new birth of a new nation is taking place and the young people are crying for education and civilization.

'l'he parable of the Good Samaritan, the lesson of social service in the name of the Father hal'! been taught and impressed daily for eighteen years upon the consciousness of the Krus until the seed has begun to germinate and grow into deeds of Christlike service.

After eighteen years of close contact, and painstaking observa- tion of the Kru tribe, we have come to the conclusion that the only thing of real and permanent value to the Krus is the gospel of actual service done in Christ's blessed Name by loving and surrendered hearts. Preaching stirs the Krus but they soon forget its real im- port. Unseliishness, expressed in service, is, however, a staggerer to the Kru man. He stands off and is amazed and confounded when he sees it. Unselfishness is an unknown quantity to him. The cup of cold water, the widow's mite, or the box of alabaster ointment service is absurd and foolish to him, in his barbaric state. With him it is self first, self last and self all the time. But when the regenerating power of the Lord Jesus Christ comes into vital contact with his heart, a marvelous change takes place! His face changes and shines. His life is clean. His cry becomes: "What wilt Thou have me to d01" not "What will you do for meT"

In the Kru barbaric state, woman is property, bought and sold at man's whim; passed on, after his death, to his relatives. She does all the hard and rough work. She is the freight train of Africa. When the Kru man goes with her on the road, he will walk ahead without any load, but she will come behind, with a baby on her back and a heavily-loaded kinjar of cassava or wood on her head. He, in front, with his umbrella raised, keeps from his precious head the tropical sun or rain. She, trudging in the rear, minus an umbrella, . takes what comes in the way of weather.

But when the soft, life-giving touch of t1:e divine Spirit of the Lord Jesus rests upon his inner life, it is then that his hard and cruel heart feels the warinth and the magnetic influence of the Master's words: "Whatsoever ye desire men to do to you, do ye even so to 683

them." It is then the deep waters of African life are stirred, and real chivalry toward women begins. Then some very sweet fragrance of holy service distils from lovely flowers of kindness and helpfulness toward womanhood. And this is more striking on the West Coast of Africa because such flowers are seldom to be seen growing in this soil. Those who break away from the old, old order of Africa pay a good price for it. Christ's call to leave "father, mother, chil- (Iren, houses, lands" is literally fulfilled on the West Coast.

Under the old order, no man will eat with his wife, or help her in her cassava farm, or cut wood for her, or carry a bucket of water. To do so would mean utter degradation to him. So, to prepare the way for the difficult lessons in chivalry at the Nana Kru mission, when boys want to enter our boarding department they are told, as the first crack out of the teaching gun, that" W"e are women; Kru Christians are women, too." With open mouths they stare at us in dumb amazement. To curse ourselves by classing ourselves as women is an insult too great to be understood.

We tell these applicants that we white men make cassava farms and carry water, cut our own wood and even go so far as to cook our own food. The boys feel now that this can't be real; they must be in a nightmare! We tell them further that we help the women with heavy loads; do their work for them when they are sick (the average Kru man would send a sick woman back to her mother's people to take care of her since her lord and master doesn't want the trouble!) and when tired send our boys and girls to help them. "This," we explain, "is the way God palaver works." When the boys have partially recovered from this succession of shocks from Christian Africa, we tell them: "If you do not like these conditions, you have come to the wrong place. "

The road is steep and rugged to travel. Many, in walking it, lose father, mother, brother, sister, country, often wife as well. Persecutions accompany intense opposition. All their families t.urn their backs upon these spiritual social-service knights who, by their new manner of living, actually turn old Africa upside down! For are they not seen working side by side with their wives in the cassava farm f Are they not known to cut wood and carry it for their women, and tote the water, too f Even cook the food when their wives are sick 1 And instead of sending them away, try to nurse them 1 This treatment of women is so foreign to the pagan African; as foreign as the changed heart which is responsible for it. To his mind, only two solutions to the problem present themselves: Either "our men's' heads have gone sick!" or "The Mission has bewitched them!"

This African social service is heroic and brings a vast amount of ridicule from fellow-Africans. There is perhaps no human being more painfully.sensitive to ridtcule than an African; it is death to him to be the butt of ridicule.

A MIRACLE WROUGHT IN WEST AFRICA

Then our boys are taught to be ready at a moment's notice to carry in a hammock any distressed traveler, or any sick or tired person who comes along the Coast, and to do it with or without pay. They must be ready, day or night.

One afternoon two Roman Catholic priests sat drinking tea with us on their way from Sinoe to their own Station. After a pleasant chat, we grasped hands in parting and the fathers called to their heathen hammock carriers to bring up the hammocks. To their amazement the carriers had disappeared, having calmly set the hammocks down on the grass and quietly departed. Not a carrier was to be seen anywhere! And the fathers' station thirty miles away! At the distress signals, our Kru knights came to the relief of the priests who started off quite comfortably, with heretics instead of heathen, toting them.

Unexpectedly an African woman teacher comes along, needing carriers to tote her hammock to her destination. The call for volunteers is given and eight strong knights offer their services and cheerfully start on a fifteen-mile hike. 'rhey are in luck this time for they are offered pay. But they refuse to take it. TheY' say to the astounded lady: "You are a teacher and you are in trouble; we are glad to help you, for nothing." The teacher wrote us that this act of kindness took the wind out of her.

At Nureh Town two chiefs are locked in deadly combat over stealing women from each other's quarter (or borough), with the element of personal ambition figuring largely, each chief aspiring to be head chief. The strife has gone on for months, with great bitterness and intense fury until at last this hatred bursts into flames of revenge. .At dusk one evening each chief and his followers start forth with knives, cutlasses and flaming torches to burn each other's borough to the ·ground. The whole town would have been in flames had not the news of the uproar reached our Kru knights six miles away. No horses have they, like King Arthur's knights, but on their own shank's mares they rush to that town post haste. With physical force they separate the combatants and force them back to their own houses, snatch the torches from the chiefs' hands and extinguish the flames, and save the town. When the excitement is over, and men can think calmly, these very chiefs affirm that our knights have done "a good deed." Had our knights six miles away merely shrugged their shoulders, old Kru fashion, remarking indifferently: "It no be our palaver," that town would have been destroyed and many lives lost.

One day a steamer anchored in the port of Graud Cess. But Neptune was angry and lashed the sea into fury. Great walls of water swept in and broke upon the beach and the surf roared through the rocks along the coast. As the Krus express it: "The sea was plenty vexed and was wet." No ship's boats were lowered. Some

Kru passengers, however, tried to land in a small canoe. Midway to shore, it capsized and three young men wel'e seen struggling in the cold, angry waters, by the folks on the beach. Nothing was done to help the drowning men. The people simply said: "They are not our tribe's men and we are not going to die for them. "

But among the crowd were three young Kru Christian knights. One of them said to the others: "Push that canoe into the water." Then what a yell went up from the crowd: "The canoe is not yours, and you will break it. Leave it. Leave it. You yourselves will die for nothing. Those are not your people. "

But the Kru knights, like Bunyan's Christian, stopped their ears, crying: "Life! Life! Ahead!" and went steadily on with their work of rescue. Pull! Pull! Pull! Beaten back repeatedly by the heavy waves! Pull! Pull! Beaten back again! Once more their paddles dug into the surf. An extra burst of strength and they reached the capsized canoe. Two out of the three were gone/ Gone where? The knights picked up the third man and brought him safely to land. That rescued man is now a Methodist Episcopal preacher at Sueh and has done a real man's work there. Christianity makes these Krumen brave.

And brave, not only in emergencies, but in steady, everyday performance of the day's duties whatever they be. 'fwo of our knights each week carry the Gospel to distant towns in the interior, their road passing through a wide river and a broad swamp. No eye save God's rests upon them as week after week, month after month, they walk those miles and struggle through the mud and waters. W ~ know, that for six months out of twelve, the water in the swamp comes up to our knight's chin-there is no bridge-no canoe. He must strip and wade through, carrying his Sunday suit of clothes on top of his head. We never hear a cemplaint nor a wish for an easier preaching appointment. They are God's true knights.

SOME INTERESTING FACTS Mriea contains about 42,00'0,'000 Mohammedans. Of the 3,600,000 people of Madagascar, 3,000,000 are still heathen. "hina still has more than 300.no(!.OOO adherents of heathen reli/!ions. Of the people of India, 216,000,000 are HiI>dus, 69,0001000 are Mohammedans, 11 ,000,000 are iluddhists, 11},(;OU,000 are animists, and less than 5,000,000 are Christians.

Siam, "Kingdom of the Free," has 87,0'00 Buddhist priests and 13,000 Buddhist temples.

More than 118,00.0 Shintoist temples and shrines are found in Japan. Buddhist temples total more than 70,000. These two religions number at least 72000,000 of the 77,000.0'00 people.

Multitudes among the 340,000 Indians of the United Statoo still believe in the old pagan superstitions of their ancestors.

Today the total ll"mber nf missionarieR of Protestant ehunhes is no fewer than 4'0,'000, with a communicants' roll of 4,500,000. In addition, there are adherents numbering many millions more.

OF A THREE HOUR WEEK CHURCH

Rural Religious Education BY REV. WALTER ALBION SQUIRES Director of Weekday Rdigious Instruction, Board of Christian Education, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

T HE great cities of our nation are in a sense parasitic. Recent investigations have shown that in many of them the death rate exceeds the birth rate. They draw in human life from other sections of the country and consume it. In so far as human life is concerned, they are not self-sustaining and would pass out of existence were they not sustained by human life nourished in more favorable regions.

Great cities dissipate something besids physical life. rfhey dissipate moral and spiritual values which form the foundations of our civilization. In this respect their disintegrating influence is felt far beyond their own borders. Some of our largest and most populous ~tates count on the wrong side of great moral issues because of the fact that they have one or two large cities within their boundaries. Many large cities must therefore be counted as liabilities rather than as assets, in so far as moral and religious values are concerned. The problem of America is therefore largely the problem of her great cities. It is not with this problem, however,that we are primarily concerned iu this article. We are to consider a problem related to the city problem and one which is so fundamental to it that one can hardly be solved without the other.

Great cities have probably always been more or less of a menace to the civilization in the midst of which they existed. The spiritual degradation to which Rome sank had much to do with the downfall 687

of that empire of which it was the head. So long as the great cities of a nation are few their adverse influence may pass unnoticed, but when they becom~ numerous and the nation becomes city-centered rather than rural-centered in its population and its modes of life, the dissipating influences of the cities begins to become manifest. As a nation we have just passed beyond the point indicated. We now have more people living in cities than we have living in small towns and in the open country. The number of our large cities has greatly increased during the past few decades.

The problems of the city are made doubly serious in our day because, while the cities have been increasing in size, many rural districts have been declining. Many have declined in population and not a few have declined in morals and religion. The streams which have been pouring a saving element into the great cities of the land show signs of becoming dry at their source. Our rural communities have problems of their own and they are, as a whole, becoming less and less capable of combatting the bad influences of the great centers of population. The salt which has heretofore preserved the great cities of our nation is in danger of losing its savor.

The causes which lie back of the moral and spiritual decline of rural America are too numerous to mention here. The depletion of the population in some rural sections has brought serious problems. Empty farm houses are abundant in many agricultural districts and it is in such districts that most of the abandoned churches are to be found. Public school leaders have met the changing conditions by consolidating country school districts and providing conveyances for the children. For some reason church leaders have not manifested equal foresight. 'rhe depletion of the rural population has often meant the passing of the country church with its Sundayschool. Denominational competition has often been keen in villages and in the open country. A divided Protestantism is peculiarly incompetent to deal with many of the rural problems of our times. For many years the annual revival was a feature of rural religion, but the revival is passing away with nothing to take its place. As a method to be depended upon almost exclusively, it had serious defects, but it did serve to keep the country church alive.

As a result of these conditions· there are today more than 10,000 rural communities in America which have no religious facilities whatever. There are 10,000 more which have religious services so irregularly and at such lo.ng intervals as to be of little value. In these 20,000 communities and some others only a little better pro. vided with church services there are approximately 10,000,000 children and youths growing up without any religious nurture worthy of the name. By the term "community" is meant a country neighborhood, approximately a country school district.

RtJRAt RELIGtOUS EDUCATION'

This may seem pessimistic and it would indeed be disquieting were it not for the fact that not all of our people live either in large cities or in rural'communities. Practically every great city is surrounded by a broad ring of suburban population. A study of "Who's Who in America" indicates that most of our notable people have been reared in such suburban sections. They have lived as children and youths near great cities but not in them. It is probable that in these suburban districts our civilization is at its best. Out from these more favored sections of our population must go forth the ideals and the help which will enable both our great cities and our rural communities to solve their problems.

Several distinct movements have been organi'zed for the moral and spiritual betterment of rural America. One of the most im- BEGINNERS. A WEEKDAY CHURCH SCHOOL IN A KANSAS ' Vi~GE portant of th~se is:the:w:ork c&J,-ried on by Sunday-sell-ool,missionaries'. They have..shown heroic devotion to their task. They have gone into out-of-the-way places in the mountains. Th~yhave sought out the scattered homesteads on the great arid stretches of the West. They have lived on the frontier and have safeguarded pioneer life from the spiritual dangers to which it is peculiarly exposed. Their work has had special importance because it was largely educational and because it had much to do with children.

Nevertheless, the work of the Sunday-school missionaries has been but a drop in the bucket compared with the vast task which they have before them. The plan would seem to be limited by certain severe restrictions. It has lessened the evil results of rural conditions, but as a thoroughgoing remedy its value is open to ques-' tion. The religious education which it has been able to secure for 3

the spiritually neglected children of America has often been meager and transient.

Several denominations have attacked rural church problems by a vigorous program of what they have called" Country Life Work. " They have sought to restore the rural church to that central place in the life of the community which it once occupied. They have conducted certain demonstration centers which have also influenced other communities to some degree. And yet this movement, like the Sunday-school missions movement, has hardly touched the fringes of our problem. Both ought certainly to be continued and both ought to be enlarged, but it is not certain that either is fitted to become an agency capable of securing a full solution of our problem.

There is need for a thoroughgoing and statesmanlike approach to the whole problem of rural America and its spiritual uplift. Sucb an approach can hardly be said to have been made. It was rather clearly visualized and partially outlined at the time of the Interchurch World Movement, but the collapse of that enterprise cut short all attempts to carry out plans which had been laid. Nothing less extensive will suffice. We are dealing with"a big problem and we must think in large terms. We cannot disrtose of our difficult task by working at it after a piecemeal fashion and by the use of side-issue methods.

The approach to the problems of rural America must be fundamentally educational. We must make it our main objective to reach the! children with religiDus training. The spiritual prDblems Df rural America have their rDots in the spiritual neglect of the children Df rural America. Our remedy must begin where the problems had their beginning. We have made secular educatiDn available fDr practically every child in the land. We must make religious education equally available. We have raised secular educatiDn to a high state of efficiency. We must make religious education equally efficient. The times demand a Horace Mann. As that great-souled educator visualized an America wherein every child was given adequate and efficient secular education, so. must we visualize an America in which every child is offered adequate and efficient re- ligiDUS educatiDn. We have given forty per cent of the children of the nation religious teaching. We must reach them all. We have been offering fifty hours a year of religious teaching. We must offer four or five times as much.

There are certain agencies which in the providence of God have come to the kingdom for a time like this. The Daily Vacation Bible school has demonstrated its value in country communities. These schools have been organized on Indian reservations, in farming districts, in mining towns, in meager villages which dot the deserts along our great transcontinental railroads. They have doubled the time available for religious instruction and increased its efficiency

'fHE COOPERA;I'ING COUNTRY CHURCH

many fold. Why not have a nationwide system of Daily Vacation Bible schools? What the few communities have done the many can, do if they will.

The weekday church school is another agency of great promise of which we may avail ourselves. These schools have been organized in the open country. They have been carried on successfully on the Pacific coast of Oregon, in the cut-over lands of Upper Michigan, and in the farming communities of northern Illinois. They have enabled church leaders to reach practically all the children in scores of communities. Weekday church schools can be organized wherever public schools can be organized. They can be maintained wherever public schools can be maintained. There is no insurmountable difficulty confronting the erection of a weekday church school system which shall be co-extensive with our public school system and on a par with it in every detail of efficiency. ",Ve can do it if we will. Such a system in bringing religious nurture to the millions of America's spiritually neglected children would unlock the solution to the problems of the great city and of the rural community, and we shall likely find that nothing else will suffice for this great task.

The Cooperating Country Church BY MARJORIE PATTEN, NEW YORK Institute of Social and Religious Research T HERE are two kinds of rural churches in America today- tho.se which go ou~ to meet their people half way, and those whIch do not. As III the old days, the latter are Sunday-meeting houses dedicated only for religious services. Their doors are closed during the week-excepting perhaps for a, midweek service. They take no active part in the activities of their communities. They recall the days long ago when people came from miles around to attend service, but lament that the coming of the good roads and the automobile have caused the present decline. So they struggle on, dejected in spirit, as they watch the cityward procession along the paved highway, shake their heads as their congregation~ dwindle and their Sunday-school classes decrease in membership.

The country churches that go out to meet their people present, another picture. They are few and far between but they offer a warmer welcome to the traveller who seeks them out. They have changed their program to meet the needs of the changing times. They count the good roads and the automobile as blessings. Their doors are open to the young people on the door steps and there is music in their auditoriums. They are a part of the communities in which they are counted as leaders. They work side by side with the other agencies already at work and endeavor to take the place of those agencies that are not yet in service.

READING. WRITING HOME. PLAYING GAMES-THE ROOM AS IT LOOKED NATURALLY AND AS IT WAS USED There was the church in the heart of a great peach orchard of southwestern Arkansas, serving both the year-round workers and the host of migrating harvesters who came during the peach season.

A full time resident pastor was in charge and his Sunday-school held the banner for the district. This church was the social as well as the religious center for the orchardmen.

In Virginia, close by the Washington country club, was found a project in prQcess in the erection of a church which will offer early morning services to the Sunday golf player who otherwise would undoubtedly attend no services anywhere. In the old days the peo- ple came to the Ghurches. Today the church must go to the people or it will fail to. reach them.

In .norther~.f Arkansas It. church sought to share the farmers'

problem by jpiJling forces.;with. the Farm Bureau in .aneffort to organize a cooperative marketing association. Because the church showed itself to be interested in berries, apples and grapes, the farmers rallied to a new interest in church affairs. The ·farmer and his church met on common ground. >'

A New Mexico community church was failing to reackthe,cow- boy population in its midweek prayer services until it transformed these into church-night services, introducing moving pictures, short talks, and community singing. Thus the auditorium was filled to overflowing every Wednesday night. The cowboys became per- suaded that the church was on their side.

New ties were formed between church and community in an Indiana village by a project introduced by the church when its Boy Scout troop was turned into a village fire department. An Arkansas

THE COOPERATING COUNTRY CHURCH

"CHUCK" ON THE PRAIRIE-THE CHURCH MEETS IMMIGRANT HALF WAY church, through its boys and men, helped to build a good road through the community. When lack of proper sewerage in a western village was endangering the health of the people, a businesslike church took up the project for laying a new system as part of its job in ministering to all groups in the parish.

In Richmond, Virginia, a city church saw that a rural county near by needed a neighbor as much as it needed a sermon. It became responsible for the erection of a community house and for two trained workers-one to preach and the other to act as neighbor to people of all denominations. In one year good neighborliness changed the whole situation. Pageants broke down barriers and brought people together. The community house became the real meeting house for the entire county, and it now serves as church, health and recreation center, polling place, meeting room for the junior clubs, farmers' meetings, Sunday-school. Through its activities isolation has become a thing of the past. Service to folks through every-day,neighborliness instead of through a stereotyped denominational program, has been the policy adopted by this city church toward its farm neighbors.

A mission in San Gabriel, California, went out to meet the Mexican migrant worker in the fruit groves. It furnished him with church and school, clothing bureau, clinic, and recreation center.

Another outstanding church which met the migrant half way was that of Larned, Kansas. When a rainy week overtook the community in the midst of the harvest season, the church with the cooperation of Farm Bureau and the local authorities turned the ~'arm Agent's office into a rest and recreation center. The room was

furnished with writing tables and chairs. Reading and writing material were contributed. Entertainments by the various church groups enlivened the week day evenings and on Sunday special services were held for the men with a large congregation present. Street loafing was diminished and a dull week was made interesting for this band of harvesters who had hitherto been looked upon as strangers necessary for the earning of the season's income but not to be treated as neighbors.

In its recent study of agricultural villages the Institute of Social and Religious Research found few churches entering wholeheartedly into the daily life of the villages. For the most part they carried on a strictly religious program. Many of them were apparently blind to the needs of their young people, though no other agency in the community was helping to solve the problems of the coming generation.

There were few churches with the vision of that church in Iowa which adopted the motto, "What shall it profit a church if it gain the whole woi-ld, and lose its own children?" Nor were the village churches outstanding in their service to their open country neighbors. An exception was found in a barren wheat center of Oregon where a church was working far out into the isolated sections. It had organized country Sunday-schools where no other agencies were at work, with the exception of the little one-room schoolhouse. The Sunday afternoon services were the only get-together meetings in the great area. Families came from miles around and stayed all day. If the average Sunday-school in the average village could develop one one-hundredth of the enthusiasm evidenced in the crowded little school house on Easter Sunday of last year, the future of the village church for tomorrow would be bright indeed. Young and old filled the benches, and the children sat on the desks. The village church orchestra had come out to help with the music. The wheezy little organ was out of tune but the spirits of the people were not and that service was one long to be remembered. There are churches that realize their responsibility to encourage their farmers to adopt better farming methods. One has a demonstration farm; another is influential in organizing a cooperative creamery; a colored church preaches farm ownership and tries to turn its members' minds from the growing of cotton alone to the advantages of turkey raising in order to better their financial condition and so raise their standard of living.

These are a few of the methods that have taken deep root in the life of farming communities, where service to folks is valued more than denominational prestige. To the preaching of the Gospel is added the development of neighborly understanding. Whatever the need of the community may be, these churches are alert to meet it as part of their regular program.

Kim Nam-Po Helped Build a

BY WlILLIAM NEWTON BLAIR, PYENG YANG, KOREA T HE large increase of believers in Korea the past two years has created many building problems. It is fairly easy for a small group to buy a three-room thatch-roofed house, tear out the walls, and with a little fresh paper convert the building into a church. Back in the country such a three-room house can be pur- chased for twenty-five dollars and even a poor group of new believers can usually raise that much.

As the church grows, addition after addition can be added until the original building is transformed into a cross or into an "L"

shaped church with the women sitting in one wing and the men in the other.

But a time comes when additions can no longer solve the problem.

Hence when a hundred or more believers are assembled a new church building becomes imperative, one with high walls and a tiled roof, Such a church building costs from three to five hundred dol- lars, besides much labor in as- sembling material and in erec- tion. But nothing has given me more inspiration these years than the way the Korean Christians get under a church building prop- osition like this. Everyone gives to the limit and many beyond. I have known men to sell their work cattle in order to share in the offering. I have seen many a deed for a part of a small farm given by farmers without money.

Hundreds of wedding rings are placed on the plate by Korean Marys, and many dry the Mas- ter's feet with their hair, pulling down the long coils of shining black false hair so prized by Ko- rean women and piling them in heaps before the altar.

There are forty-five church buildings now in my country dis- trict and twenty-seven of them KIM NAM-PO are tile-roofed buildings. As the church grows, these tile-roofed buildings are enlarged from time to time, but by and by if a congregation of several hundred is gathered, the second-stage church must also be replaced by a much)arger build- 695

ing. Now the congregation is faced with the serious problem of er{lcting a church building that will accommodate from five to seven hundred. This not only requires a small fortune in Korea, but demands an expert knowledge of truss construction not possessed by the ordinary Korean.carpenter. An experienced contractor must be engaged from the city and large timbers hauled from the far-away mountains or brought by rail from the Yalu.

There are only seven "third-stage" church buildiugs iu my territory. The largest of all is in Anju, the building of which made history in that part of Korea several years ago. Not only did the Christians give as never before, but the magistrate of the city helped them by giving stones from the wall of the city and tile from devil houses no longer valued. The Anju church was built on a hill in the center of the city and was fashioned after the mother church in Pyengyans-, a great white temple looming high above every other building in the city. Two years ago a congregation of seven hundred filled the Anju church building, but last year God poured out His Spirit in ·double measure and in one year the seven hundred Christians increased to fourteen hundred. So Anju Church has another building probleD;l on its hand,s which brings me to the point of this article.

.~:After week§ of prayer and planning the church officers decided to,divide the congregation and build a second building.' It was estimated that at lea,st ten thousand yen would be needed and that amount seemed impossible to obtain. But the Christian Church has grown all through the ages by undertaking the impossible. I will tell what happened in the words of Kim Nam-po, a widow who has been a Ohristian only a few years. She is possessed of some property, but is by no means a rich woman. When she came to my house in Pyengyang and sat on the floor while telling me the story, my wife who had never seen her before thought from her clothes that she must be very poor. Kim Nam-po said: j j Elder Kim asked everyone to give all they could for the sake of Jesus so I put down my head and prayed and then raised my right hand with one finger up to tell the elder that I would give the first one thousand yen. After that everybody gave gladly till five thousand yen was pledged. But Elder Kim said that five thousand yen was only half enough and asked us all to pray. He looked straight at me, so I put my head down and prayed once more and then I raised my right hand with two fingers lifted to show that I would give two thousand yen. Everybody clapped their hands and said, (Han- animkei kamsah(l!mnadal Thanks to God!' and in a few minutes five thousand yen more had been pledged for the building."

This is the largest single offering I have known to be made by a Korean for a church building and it was made by an old woman only escaped from heathenism five years; made very simply with two uplifted. fingers.

MAIN HALL OF THE ARTHUR T. PIERSON MEMORIAL BIBLE SCHOOL

KOREA A Center of Christian Activity in Korea The Arthur T. Pierson Memorial Bible &hool, Seoul BY BE:V. GHAB. S. DEmNG, SEOUL, KOBEA F OR many years the youth of Korea have been facing Seoul and . seeking the light of truth and progress in its halls of learning. Among these crowds are a goodly company who have tasted of the Water of Life and with the new thrill of sins forgiven and fellowship with the Son of God have come to Seoul to learn more of the 'Word of Life and to fit themselves for service in the Master's Kingdom.

Situated upon a hill just inside of West Gate, looking out over the extensive campus of the Boys' High School, is located the Arthur T. Pierson Memorial Bible School. The campus of the Boys' High School, with the background of the majestic mountains which surround Seoul, is a pleasing sight. Here at the edge of pine forests, originally the grounds of the Mulberry Palace of the former dynasty, is laid out a large and beautifnl athletic field. In front of the main school buildings to the left are set out many of the beautiful cherry trees whose blossoms in the springtime are the pride of Japan and the inspiration of many poems.

The Bible School, located amidst such pleasing and cultural surroundings, has an advantage easily recognized. The beauty of God's handiwork, the rugged strength of the hills, the value of clean sportmanship, the worth of education, are thoughts that impress themselves upon the mind from the very atmosphere of the surroundings.

697

Then the fine grounds and buildings of the Bible School, capped with the cross the symbol of love and sacrifice and filled with eager students of the Word, create an atmosphere of prayer and devotion.

Over fifty young men came to this school on the first of April this year with high hope and with great joy that an opportunity for study had been opened to them. Some have been wanting to come for many years but funds were scarce in their little thatched homes in the country. This year the Bible School has announced that it will take in, without further expense, all worthy students who wiII bring their rice for sustenance.

It will cost the school per student $15 each year to provide for these eager devoted students and an appeal is made to those interested in Korean Christian training to contribute at least fifty of these scholarships.

Heretofore the school has helped in the preparation of many ministers for the Church in Korea. In its reorganization, under the energetic and resourceful administrator Rev. W. J. Anderson, it will send out many more devoted workers to hold aloft the banner of the cross and to spread the light of the Gospel of Christ in darkened corners of the land among an otherwise despairing people.

Four years ago there came to the school a young man who, in his early youth stirred by the Spirit of God, had left his home and friends and had gone to an island people off the coast of Haiju. 'l'here he preached and taught and loved the people for two years, establishing in that time two churches and two schools. Urged by an inner hunger for more of God's Word he came to the school and received a scholarship. He was' diligent in his studies, a leader among the young men, a daily witness to his Lord. He was soon given an appointment to supply a congregation in the suburbs of Seoul. Many were brought into the church under his ministry. He was graduated, and entered the seminary. During his first year there 'a call came for volunteers to go to preach to Koreans in Manchuria and this young man was among the first to volunteer. With his wife and two children he met hardships and sorrow valiantly. One night Chinese bandits came and shot up his village. His devoted wife was killed with a testimony to Christ's love upon her dying lips. He bravely brought his children back to Korea after holding a two weeks' Bible Class already planned. Then again with all his strength he set out to serve his Master through the Church.

Who can measure the ever-increasing body of influence that can be traced to this life and the lives of others who have gone out from this school to glorify their Lord and to bring Heaven's Way of IJife to this sin-torn earth!

Your prayers are solicited for the further progress of the school and the upholding of the hands of the new administrator in preparing these young men to be ambassadors of the Great King in the land of the Morning Calm.

Advantages of Cooperation *

Why Christian Forces Should Work Together at Home and Abroad BY JOHN R. MOTT, LL.D., NEW YORK I N my thirty-five and more years of work among the nations, never has the missionary undertaking seemed to me to be so difficult as at present. Never have our Christian forces seemed to be so inadequate for the task. In my judgment, the next fifteen years will be the most difficult in the history of the Christian religion. Not because of the forces which oppose us; nor because we are called on to deal with so many great issues simultaneously; nor because of the stern challenges that are sounding in the ears of the churches of all lands; but principally for the encouraging reason that never before have so many Christians awakened to the awful implications of the Christian Gospel. Thank God, we have come to a time when large numbers of followers of Jesus Christ seem to think that He meant what He said, and believe with depth of conviction that He must be Lord of all or not at all, and are dominated by the vision of the kingdoms of this world becoming the Kingdom of our Lord. At such a time, we need to utilize the united wisdom and experience and the sacrificial devotion of Christians of every name.

New or added forces may be released for the missionary movement through interdenominational, international, and interracial cooperation. Without doubt, such cooperation will augment the financial resources placed at the disposal of the missionary movement. Almost every church and missionary organization is hampered through lack of sufficient funds. What is the difficulty'f The situation is surely not due to any lack in adequate resources. Nor is the financial embarrassment of the missionary cause due to the fact that people in America are not disposed to devote money to unselfish causes. Nor is it due to the fact that there are not abundant resources in the hands of the Christians. Why, then, are not the financial energies of our constituencies more largely liberated for the missionary cause 1 One of the most important answers to this question is that our policies and plans do not impress those who should give as representing the wisest, most economical, and most productive use of funds. They are not staggered by the magnitude of the sums required for world-wide missions. On the contrary, they cannot but wonder at the smallness of our plans and demands. They do not object to large expenditures, but they do object to waste due to unnecessary duplication of expenditure and of effort caused by the failure of different groups of Christians to cooperate.

They commend what we might call the zoning plan, followed by • From an address delivered at the Washington Missionary ConvenU01l.

699

the churches at work in Korea and Mexico, by which each denomina- tion assumes responsibility for the work in a given part of the coun- try. Another economical and effective method is that employed by the churches that unite in the support of union educational and phil- anthropic institutions in different parts of the mission field, or the multiplying value of the work accomplished by the National Chris- tian Councils of China, India, and Japan, or by the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America, or, above all, by the International Missionary Council. All of these agencies have united in study, in planning, and in action, the various churches and missions respon- sible for work in certain great areas. Well conceived plans of co- operation will result in relating new tides of financial power to the missionary enterprise.

Cooperation entered into heartily by various Christian denomi- nations and by the Christians of different nationalities will inevitably result in strengthening the intellectual leadership of the missionary enterprise. Here our need is admittedly great. It reminds one of an article that" appeared in the London Spectator entitled "First Rate Events; Second Rate Men." In the world today, events of the first magnitude and sjgnificance are transpiring, but we have far too few leaders of the highest ability to cope with these great and pressing issues. We need in the Christian missionary movement more think- ers and fewer mechanical workers. There are too few creative minds. Great is the need of men and women who can rethink, re- state, reinterpret the missionary message and, where necessary, re- vise the missionary methods. .

Cooperation augments the intellectual resources of every coop.

erating body through pooling the intellectual abilities and contribu- tions of all. Great benefits have come to all the churches at work in China, and to every missionary society interested in that field, from the work of the educational commission sent out to China.

International cooperative plans made available to all agencies inter- ested in the uplift of Africa, both missionary and governmental, the results of the discerning and constructive studies of the Phelps- Stokes Commission headed by Dr. Thomas Jesse Jones. The experi- ence and conclusions of W. J. McKee, a Presbyterian industrial mis- sionary in India, who has accomplished an educational work of great originality and of the utmost practical value, should be made avail- able to a score of other mission boards.

It is expensive business for each mission to have to acquire in its own way a rare experience, which, through cooperation, can be shared with all. It is the very essence of cooperation, thus to make possible the thinking of one complementing or supplementing that of others.

The need for the enrichment of mind and comprehensiveness of view which comes from such united study and thought is more imperative just now than ever before. Why should certain denominations, mis.-

SOME ADVANT'AGES OF COOPERATION

sions, and national groups suffer intellectual impoverishment, and fall short of the intellectual mastery of their problems, and fail to afford a real intellectual leadership, through intellectual isolation, due to the failure to cooperate 1 Cooperation on the part of the churches, as well as of the dif- ferent nations which are engaged in missionary undertakings, will develop a larger and truer statesmanship for the kingdom of God.

Senator Root one day remarked to me that we may judge of the stage of advancement of the statesmanship of a nation by its ability to cooperate with other nations. We might reverse his statement, and say that only through cooperation do we make possible the de- velopment of the most advanced stage or type of statesmanship.

The manner of life of too many administrators, board members, and church leaders is not conducive to the development of Christian statesmanship. A disproportionately large amount of time and at- tention is today given to promotive activities. We need to be drawn out of the meshes of our ordinary financial and administrative rou- tine into fellowship with kindred minds of other bodies. Eyery genu- inely cooperative, unselfi!?h enterprise brings us out into a land of larger dimensions. _ The missionary message will be wonderfully enriched through the most intimate cooperation of all true Christian believers. In fact, is not genuine cooperation and unity essential to ensure the giving of full-orbed expression to the message of the Church of Christ ¥ He has not revealed Himself solely or fully through anyone nation, race, or communion. No part of mankind has a monopoly of His unsearchable riches. The help of all who have had vital ex- perience of Him is necessary adequately to reveal His excellencies and to communicate His power.

How much the rising native churches will be profited from enter- ing into such cooperative reJationsas will keep them in touch with organized Christianityof'J other lands! Surely every church will profit from preservihg intel.1igent contacts with historical Christiair~. ~t~. Name the oohtury in th~ life of the Christian religion which does notMve its contribution to make to every living church of to- day. Name the Ohristian creed which does not state truths in terms which will help to'bllttress and strengthen every Christiancommun- ion. What cannot each rising and struggling, as well as each strong and expanding church, gain from'the most intimate relation to vital and applied Christianity wherever it is found the world overY Such cooperative relations will not only enrich our message, but also, therefore, enrich our lives, enrich our spiritual experience, and wondrously enrich our spiritual fellowship. This leads us into one of the most profound mysteries and most transforming truths and processes of the Christian revelation. Well may we ponder, and ever and again ponder, the enric;hing and unfathomable ideas contained in

the words, "Until we all come in the unity of the faith, and the knowledge of the Son of God unto the perfect man, unto the measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ. " Through the knowledge of one another in the pathway of sacrificial service for one another in the great cooperative and unifying activities of the kingdom, as well as through the knowledge of the Son of God, we may become perfected.

The influence of the Christian religion will be enormously increased through genuine cooperation and unity. The unity or oneness among His followers down the generations, for which Christ prayed, was not to be regarded as an end in itself, but rather as a means to insure the great central end of Christian missions, namely, "That the world may believe." Thus this is the great, the triumphant apologetic. Wherever and whenever we find the Christian faith failing to sweep the field in triumph we do well to examine ourselves as to whether one of the chief causes, if not the chief one, may not lie right here. Divisions among the Christians-denominational, national, racial-have ever been a stumblingblock; but with the recent rapid shrinkage of the world these divisions have become more serious and intolerable than ever.

In recent visits to different parts of the Moslem world I was solemnized and humbled to find that the principal argument Mohammedans were using against us is our divisions. The same is true with reference to the attitude of unbelievers everywhere. For Christians to preach the Headship of Christ, and then to stand aloof from one another on the mission field, or at home, or to fail to fraternize or to cooperate with other Christians, belies our teachings and creates the impression that Christianity, like other religions, has lofty ideals, but that the practice of its followers or promoters shows that it is impracticable.

. We must do away with this stumblingblock. To this God is unquestionably calling us. If we can forget that we, the followers of Christ, are Americans, Canadians; British, French, Germans, Dutch, Scandinavians, Japanese, Chinese, Indians; or that we are Presbyterians, Baptists, Episcopalians, Methodists, Congregationalists, Lutherans, Disciples, Friends, in the work of making Him known to peoples in Asia, Mrica, Latin America, or of North America or Europe, we have gone a great way toward proving to unbelievers, who are moved by facts, that the religion of Jesus Christ is the great solvent of the racial and national alienations of the world, and therefore is the mightiest force operating among men. The present is the time of times to present this apologetic.

Well-considered policies and rich experiences in the realm of cooperation will give the missionary cause a fresh power of appeal to men and women of large affairs, of large capacity, and of large influence. We stand in need of just such a power of appeal. We

SOME ADVANTAGES OF COOPERATION

have lost something which in the pre-war days we had in the interdenominational and international Laymen's Missionary Movement.

What was it that enabled the Laymen's Missionary Moyement to make such a powerful appeal to the imagination and the will of leading laymen f In the first place, it was the largeness of the task presented. In the second place, these men of large vision and large affairs were appealed to by the wholeness of the task. Above all, they were impressed by the presentation of the oneness of the task; in other words, it was presented as a colossal cooperative undertaking which could not be accomplished apart from the united planning and effort of all the Christian forces. This was, and still is, the language which the modern mind, especially of men and women of large views, could understand.

The great powers of the new generation will be enlisted through large programs and plans of cooperation, federation, and unity, whereas a failure at this vital point may lose this younger generation to our ~ause. At present our plans do not powerfully appeal to the young men and young women of from twenty to thirty years of age. I have in mind the new generation, not only as we find it in North America, Europe, and Australasia, but also throughout Asia, Latin America, and parts of Africa. We must present to them a challenge vast enough to appeal to their imagination, difficult and exacting enough to call out their latent energies, absorbing enough to save them from themselves, tragic enough to counteract and overcome the growing habits of luxury, love of ease, pleasure, and softness, and overwhelming enough to drive them to God.

Moreover, to win their whole-hearted allegiance, we must be able to show them that ours is a united task. They will not stand for divisive policies and plans. Their intimate collaboration with us and their increasing acceptance of the burden of responsibility for initiative and leadership are indispensable. They have powers to bring to us which we simply must have. Their abounding hopefulness can counteract the pessimism which still so largely obtains even among Christians. They will bring to us a flood of idealism,. for, thank God! many of them are still living on the mountains, and have refused to come down into the midst of the valley in these days of reaction. They will bring to us that priceless power, the power of vision, for this is a distinguishing characteristic of youth. This new generation will enormously augment the spirit of adventure in the Christian Church, and this is supremely desirable, for we are. entering upon a period of unexampled warfare. We of an older generation stand ready to die fighting in our tracks for the same ideals and the same vision which command so largely the most discerning and unselfish of the new generation, but we will not live long enough to fill in the vision. The new generation, however, have at their disposal the necessary unspent years to fill it with living content of reality_

Effective, fruitful, triumphant cooperation is ever accompanied with fresh accessions of spiritual power. The reason is a simple one, but one that we are so prone to forget, namely, that cooperation can never be realized apart from the help which comes from super- human wisdom, superhuman love, and superhuman power. There- fore, wherever it is achieved, it is found to be in line with the tides of divine power. No other great desirable process and result is beset with such difficulties. There are the difficulties resulting from nar- rowness and prejudice-denominational, national, racial; difficulties due to pride and selfishness-personal, ecclesiastical, as well as of nationality or race; difficulties due to conservatism, fear, and lack of vision.

Moreover, there are unquestioned dangers which attend the de- velopment of cooperation between churches and between nations.

These difficulties and dangers, however, are in a very real sense our salvation. They will inevitably drive us to God, and serve to deepen our acquaintance with Him, and thus lead to the discovery of His ways, His resources and, therefore, 'His abundant adequacy. If we who cherish the vision of a coming better day of cooperation and unity were not confronted with situations which we honestly know are too hard for us to cope with, not only singly, but also collectively, we would by no means be so likely to seek His face, and to come to know His wondrous power. Some chnrches, nations, and races are more in danger than others of relying on their strong human organi- zation, their money power, their brilliant intellectual leadership, rather than on the limitless power of God.

Jesus Christ was familiar with the problem of disunion. His solution was strikingly unique. He summoned His followers to love one another, to serve one another, and 'thus actually to unite with one another. By His own example and teaching He made it clea~ that this' wonder work of vital union~amoIlg those. who oea,r H;is n~me is tIre work of God. Before lIe lefff't'Iiem Christ 'instructMHis disJj'pl~ to tarry until they entered into a corporat~ experieI1ce:-an experi~ ence where, as a result of having tHeir differences'snbmerged or gathered up into an unselfish comprehension, the conditions were realized which made possible the outpouring of the Holy Spirit sent down from heaven, and the triumphant progress of the early Chris- tian Church. That through all time there might be no doubt among Christians with reference to the deepest secret of achieving not only triumphant cooperation but genuine spiritual unity, He Himself set'

the example by praying that His followers through all time might be one. •Only as we enter into the mind and heart of Christ by simple reliance upon a presence and a power infinitely greater.. than our own, will we gain the spiritual dynamic essential for the realization of g!"nuine cooperation and unity. .

Courage of Kuramoto San*

BY JEAN M. PALMORE W HEN Kuramoto San and.his wife were. appointed .six xears ago to Aka, a town back In the mountaInS from HlmeJl, J a- pan, there was not a single Christian or a Sunday-school scholar to be found in the town, but the hottest kind of anti-Ohristian feeling existed. These two energetic people, however, faithfully went out street preaching, singing all the way until they had attracted a small crowd. After a short talk Kuramoto San would announce a meeting to follow immediately at his home, the chapel. The few who followed them to the chapel doors almost never came in. but after standing for a few minutes would either scoff aloud and depart or simply melt away into the darkness.

After a year and a half, this discouraging monotony was broken b~. 09-~ ma:q. at last giving his heart to God and receiving baptism. Then it was possible to have "morning worship," and the evangelist preached to this one-man congregation with as much energy and careful preparation as if he had a hundred there to listen. Even when the convert, being a sickly fellow, felt unable to stay through the sermon and would walk out, Kuramoto San, "to keep the devil from laughing at him" would go on preaching to his good little wife with all his might. Together the two of them would finish up the service to the very doxology before they would stop. Theirs was a spirit unconquerable.

Perhaps the secret of their strong faith was their habit of morning worship. Sometimes this service of prayer lengthened to two or three hours as they poured out their hearts for that town, pleading that God would lead them into the hearts of the people, that His uame might be glorified there; literally besieging the walls of J ericho with the same deep faith and dependence on God's leadership as Joshua of old.

One morning as they were thus praying-Kuramoto San's voice raised to a high pitch of his earnestness-the front door 'Was rollfld open and some one called, "Gomenasai." But they paid no attention and went on praying. After a time, again came the greeting. However, as they were communing with the Lord of heaven and earth, they saw no reason to stop and speak to one of His creatures; so they kept on praying. After a moment they were startled almost to silence in the sudden realization that the caller was doing the unheard-of thing in Japan, coming up into the house uninvited, and what was more, that he was opening the doors of the rooms intervening and was coming to take his seat on the floor beside them.

• From Th,e Mis8ionary Voice} Nasbville, Tenn.

705

After a short, "Excuse us, we are at prayer," the pastor went on praying. The stranger listened for a time, then he, too, raised his voice in prayer, so that .the two prayers rose intermingled to God's throne. The newcomer prayed, confessing his sins, calling on God to have mercy on and save him. Then, and not until then, did Kuramoto San change the tenor of his prayer and begin to pray for this man who had entered so strangely into their holy of holies. When that prayer was finished the newcomer rose. He had never heard the Gospel before and had only been attracted from the street by Kuramoto San's voice raised in prayer. God spoke to him and saved him on the spot, as was soon proved by the fact that h~ brought his wife to Christ also. These two with the one man already a Christian formed the nucleus of the present earnest little band of fifteen who have been brought to God.

Soon after Kuramoto San's arrival in Ako the opposition came to a head iIi the organization of an anti-Christian association with over a thousand members. One day they paraded great banners through tJJ.e streets with such inscriptions as: "To be a Christian is to be disloyal to our emperor and country. Let us kill It out!" "Christianity is immoral. Down with it." The mob gathered in front of the chapel, and there producing a picture of Jesus, they stamped upon it and tore it to bits with shouts and yells until the police broke them up. This demonstration of a thousand against one would have intimidated more than one of us, I fear, but this quiet little man went to see the mayor of the town the next day and charged him with lack of attention to his duties. Freedom of religious thought is a law in Japan. Hence, to have such an antidemonstration in the town was a confession of an unlawful element of which said town should be ashamed and should put down at once for the sake of its good name. Furthermore, if he, as a Christian, was disloyal to his emperor, then truly he should have been arrested and put into prison. How could the honorable mayor have been so blind to his duties! Then this clear-eyed little preacher extracted a promise from the confused and apologetic mayor that no more such demonstrations would be allowed. Following this with a warm invitation to investigate thoroughly this immoral, dangerous religion for the good of the country if nothing else, Kuramoto San wended his triumphant way homeward. There, he and his wife together poured out their thanksgiving and praise to God who had fulfilled in them as He had so often done in the children of Israel the promise, "five of you shall chase an hundred, and an hundred of you shall put ten thousand to flight."

@ ® ~

WO BEST MBTHODS "

»"'UUU""OV= 'I!!S' iii jill -" ".=…- EDITED BY MRs. E. O. CRONK, 721 MUHLENBURG BLDG. PHILADELPHIA, PA.

A SECTION FROM THE: NORTHlelElLD MOSLEM FASHION REVUE Among the costumes ot especial inte rest were one of exquisite beauty worn by Dr. S. L. Hosmon, or Arabia, -and the Kurdish dress of Miss Augusta Gudhart, of Kurdistan COSTUMING MOSLEM PLAYS AND PAGEANTS '1'he dramatic presentations of the coming year call for correct costuming of dwellers in Moslem lands. At the Silver Bay Conference of the Missionary Education Movement and at the Northfield Foreign Missions Conference the showings of costumes were interesting and helpful features. The pictures here given were posed by Rev. M. T. Titus of the Methodist Episcopal .Mission in Moradabad, India. The costumes belong to Miss Jeannette P erkins, coauthor of" Musa," who spent the past year in Mohammedan lands. They are not for r ent, but may be copied from these illustrations. At Silver Bay and Northfield these and other costumes were used in various ways suggestive of best methods in local churches. Monologues, based on story material taken from the textbooks, were given in costume. A young woman who had studied" Two Young Arabs" represented Noorah and recounted bz-ieily the story of the journey with her father and brother when she was a little girl. A boy wore thc costume suitable for Musa and delighted a class of children with his visit to them. At a story hour the story teller appeared in the costume frequently worn by story-tellers in the East. At Northfield the impromptu dialogue of missionaries, attired in the costumes for a Moslem fashion revue, was an educational as wcll as an entertaining feature.

A boy and a girl dressed in costumes of Mohammedan children of India delighted a group at the Demonstration School of the Gettysburg Assembly. The possibilities in eff{lctive costuming and poster making were further demonstrated when ten posters, each giving a succinct fact concerning Islam, were displayed by young women dressed in costumes of Mohammedan lands.

707

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [ S ep t e m b e r

1. A Moslem sheik of the desert may wear a brown aba with white stripes, with a white scarf for a headdress. The coil around the head is a double circle of horse hair.

2. A rear view of the shick's aha shows the simple pattern of twelve·inch wide strips alternating, unbleached and brown. The original costume is made of camel's hair. The scarf is square, fringed with tassels and folded diagonally.

3. A Mohammedan sheik wears an aDa of camel's or goat's hair with a gold border. The gay colored scarf of purple and white with long fringe is held in place with a double coil of black, wound with silver or gold, indicating that he is a head man. The aba is worn over a close fitting coat·like · garment called a gaTioeah.

4. Syrian .boys may wear an inside galiheah of red and white striped sateen or cotton with girdle and dark aba, like the aO/l8 of the men. The headpiece is square with a small fringe and a cord to hold it in place. The accompanying picture shows the costume of a high-class Moslem boy of Syria.

BEST METHODS

5. A teacher or hoja wears an undergarment of striped material (like' 'oe'(H,lClnnl'" gathered in at the waist by a voluminous sash; a plain red fez, wound with white the bottom edge, provides the turban. Over the gal'ibeah he wears a dark blue serge coat with long sleeves. This costume, without the aba, is worn by a merchant in market places.

6. A city offiCial, such as one of the Sultan's guards or 'a special police, iliay wear this costume, although it is rapidly going out of date as the .ilk hat and the frock coat enme in. The coat of velvet is heavily embroidered in gold. The trousers of blue serge are trimmed with black cord and gold and are four yards around the waist.

7 and 8, A city E,gyptian woman or an Arab woman of the town, high-class and wealthy, may wear a dress of white satin heavily embroidered in beautiful shades of red, lm:lwn and yellow. The side drapery is made by fastening a tassel to a button. Over this is worn an aba of brilliant silk, of the same pattern as those of men. On the street Arab women wear over this costume a sheet-like outer garment and a heavier face veil.

9. On the street an Egyptian woman may wear a distinctive lace veil and nosepiece of brass shaped like a double spool. Her outer garment is of black as is the headdress.

10. In North Africa one sees the burnoose, a graceful garment made of soft yellow broadcloth. The pattern is like that of a cape, circular and very large. The buT1toose is slung over the shoulder with the headpiece hanging loose.

11. Musa, the hero of one of the children's books, may be represented by this costume of a little Egyptian boy. The coat or ualibeah is of blue and white. There is a volumi· nous sash and a fez with a tassel. This boy wears red leather shoes and tassels and does not go without his beads with the charm.

12. The little girl's dress is bright flowered calico with white laee bertha. The thin gauzy head veil is decorated with gold beads 011 edges, and there are four strings of beads in red together with the blue beads and the charm. The dress should reach to the ground, and be ruffied at the bottom.

Woman's Home and Foreign

COUNClL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS AND ]'EDERATJON OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF POREIGN MrssIO"'S A PROGRAM FOR STUDENTS dents' Conception of Missions as Ex- Suggested for a meeting held under the pressed in Students' Gatherings. ~~~~';.tio~ a Women'. Churoh and Missionary (Two five·minut.e talks, preferably by SUBJECT; The Share of the College students. Based upon the E,vanston Inter- denominational Student Conference, the Student in the Missionary Enter- Louisville MJithodist Student Conference, or prise. the Student Volunteer Convention.) AIM: To show what is being done Not/!: If this is not feasible, both of the by students, and what may be done, scuogugldesbtieonussedu.nder "Short Presentations"

if students will accept the leadership Address: The Challenge to Stu- offered to them. dents to Become Sharers in the World Hymn: "0, Brothers, Lift Your Task of the Church of Today.

Voices. " (By an adult 'or some outstanding stu· Responsive Reading: Psalm 96. Prayer: by leader. dent; if available.) , Short pre.sentations: Hymn: "Lead on, 0 King Et€!l'- I. How Students Are Sharing at the Present Time in the Missionary nal. " Enterprise. Prayer and Benedtiction. 1. Farm and Cannery Migrants. 2. Women's Union Christian Colleges in Note: This program ·has been project~d for a meeting held in the interest of and Foreign Fields. for college students who may be at home on 3. Foreign Work of the Y. W. C. A. vacation or may be resident in the com· 4. Inter·racial Student Movement in Amer· munity. Its purpose is to arouse interest in the missionary program of the Church ica. on the part of these college students, or (Four :five-minute talks by students. young alumnre. Sources of information listed below.) The program should be, as far as pos· or sible, in the hands of students, and if adults ar~ used, they should be persons who II. Student Organizations and Their are in touch with the thinking of students. Contribution to the Mission- ary Movement. It will be quite impossible to use the whole program as outHned, and those parts (Short presentations of Bome of the vari· should be chosen which can be best ar· ous student denominational and interde· ranged for by a community in the light of nominational organizations, such as, the the material available, inclUding both speak. Lutheran Student Association, Wesley F'oun· dation, Y. W. C. A., etc., by students who ers and subject matter. For example, use are members of such groups, if such can be the topic on "Student Organizatiops" if found.) there are stUdents available to represent these various organizations, or some of How Interest in Missions May Be them. Printed material is always avail· Promoted on the Campus. able, of course, by "application to the proper source, and for this reason, the program (Various students tell methods that have should be planned well in advance. been used. For those who wish to follow out the idea of student work on the campus If possible, have a group of students to this topic can be used instead of the follow- lead the singing, and introduce as much ing topic on the students' conception of music as possible. The hymns indicated missions.) are merely suggestive, and others chosen by the students could be substituted, if de- Hymn: "We've a Story to Tell to sired. the Nations," Sources of information: or Farm and Cannery Migrants-Council of "In Christ There IS N0 East Nor Women for Home Missions, 156 Fifth Ave., West." New York. . Short reports: SUBJECT: The Stu- Women's Union Christian Colleges in Foreign Fields-Miss Florence G. Tyler, Executive Secretary, 25 Madison Ave., New York.

711

Foreign Work of Y. W. O. A.–Student Denominational Student Organizations- Denominational headqnarters. Department, National Board, Y. W. C. A., 600 Lexington Ave., New York. "Youth Looks at the Church" (Evanston Interracial Student Movements-Commis· Conference, $1.00)-Abingdon Press, 150 sion on the Church and Race Relations, Fed· Fifth Ave., New York. eral Council, 105 E. 22nd St., New York; , 'Through the Eyes of Youth" (Loui.· Commission on Interracial Cooperation, 409 Palmer BI(jg., Atlanta, Ga. ville .Conference, $1.00 )-Abingdon Press, 150 Fifth Ave., New York.

THE SCIENCE BUILDING OF THE WOMAN'S COLLEGE, MADRAS, INDIA FOREIGN MISSIONS EDITED BY ELLA D. :MACLAURIN, 25 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK A PROGRAM OF GROWTH Peking has now become a parto! the By l<"'LORENCE G. TYLER Medical School of Shantung Univer- sity at Tsinan. January first 1923 marked a new day in the education of women of the Last year two hundred trained and . Orient. On that day the campaign equipped young women were gradu- for building funds was completed and the cable "BUILD" sent to the seven ated from these seven institutions- Union Christian Colleges for Women the total enrollment being over 1,000 of the Oi-ient. students. At least 75% of the gradu- ates go into the teaching profession. There are now about thirty-five stu- They have built. Twenty-nine dents from these colleges taking grad- beautiful new buildings are completed uate work here in America.

and are housing six: of these colleges, Isabella Thoburn College, Lucknow, . and nine more buildings will be ready India, holds the record for being the before the fall when Yenching College oldest college in the Far East. Yench- will move into its new home whieh is ing follows close behind with a record a part of the entire plllnt of Peking of twenty years of service while three University. The North China Medical of the colleges have recently celebrated School which used to be loea.teg in _their tenth anniversary.

WOMAN '8 HOME AND FOR!E'lGN BULLETINS

The Woman's Christian College of Home Economics for the Chinese high Jap~ has the largest registration, schools. A model practice house will be built on the new campus and under having almost three hundred students the direction of a Chinese specialist and the faculty consists of forty-five trained at Oregon Agricultural Colmembers of whom thirty-nine are lege will provide opportunities .for Japanese. actual supervised practice for all stu- dents majoring in this department. Ginling has strengthened its Science Department in order to be able to do The Woman's Medical School at premedical work for students who are planning to make medicine their pro- Vellore, India, was opened in 1918 fession. The Woman's College of with fifteen students. The number Madras gives premedical training for enrolled this year is seventy-eight.

A GROUP OF STUDENTS AT GINLING COLLEGE, CHINA students planning to attend theUni- The graduates number about forty and these doctors are engaged in versity of Madras Medical College. medical service in hospitals and pri- Among the alumnre are thirteen quali- vate practice all over India where the need for them is exceedingly great, fied women doctors. However, the owing to the fact that the vast majoi·- majority of the graduates of the Wom- ity of the women of India are not al- an 's College of Madras are teachers. lowed by custom to receive medical at- Yenching College has done a most tention from men physicians. Exten- sive training is given in village dis- interesting piece of work along the pensaries and wayside clinics in line of Home Economics. After a careful and extensive survey of home addition to regular studies. .A recent conditions in many parts of China, British visitor to Vellore after seemg Dean Milam of Oregon Agricultural College, Corvallis, Oregon, established the splendid work don,ethere wr6t'li a a Home EconoInics Department at check wiping out the deficit ,·incihe Yenching which is not only revolution- . izing the ideas of the students along budget of the current :fiScal' ·y'eai<,'· the lines of dietetics and home sanita- tion, but is also training teachers ·of GihliiigCollege has a: splendid Physical Education Department

which is the result of the strong work increase their gifts to these college built up by the Young Women's Chris- budgets at this time. Either the budgtian Association and now taken over ets must be disastrously cut or an adby Ginling College with cooperation ditional sum of money must be raised and material asisstance from the Asso- from outside sources to meet this ciation. Out of a total of sixty-eight pressing need. Ginling graduates, forty are teaching in the schools of China and fifteen are The Cooperating Committee for the taking graduate work either in Amer- Women's Union Christian Colleges in ica or in medical schools in China. Foreign Fields has taken upon itself the task of raising fifty thousand dol- The record of the Women's Union lars to complete the budgets of the Christian Colleges is a record of colleges and enable them to proceed achievement and one of which the in their work unhampered by debt. women of America may well be proud. They believe that this money can be Growth always brings added responsi- raised from the following sources: bilities. The enrollment in each of the American colleges, college clubs, seven colleges is greater than ever be- woman's clubs, local missionary fore. Several, of the departments federations and individual givers. which formerly had one professor in The building of a list of annual concharge nOw require two. This growth tributors is a slow process. The need necessarily increases the operating is immediate. We need fifty thousand budgets of the colleges. Mission dollars this year. YOU HAVE Boards do not see their way clear to BUILT-WILL YOU MAINTAIN?

HOME MISSIONS EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK HEBREWS Here they have suffered no civil or religious disabilities. They have By REv. JOHN STUAR.T CoNNING, D.D. shared with their fellow citizens the , From the report Oof the Committee of the same freedom of educational, ecol Home Missions Council a.nd Council of Women nomic, and political ()pportunity. for Home Missions, Dr. Conning, Chairman. And nowhere has Judaism been char- acterized by such outward marks of .r The past year has been one of un- prosperity. But today the Jew is ill at ease. He is less sure of his posi- usual activhY in ewish circles. Out tion. In certain quarters he has en- of the efforts .of Jews to adjust them- countered suspicion and ill will. A selves to new·.conditions in the free definite anti-semitic propaganda has life of America there have emerged tendencies which are seriously affect- singled Jews out as an undesirable ing their whole life and thought. element in the life of the nation. The Jewish leaders are devoting them- present quota immigration law is in- selves with utmost zeal to the main- terpreted as an action especially di- taining of a distinct Jewish conscious- ness. Through press and platform, rected against them. As a conse- synagogue and communal organiza- tion, they are seeking to safeguard quence the Jew has been put on the their people from the assimilative in- defensive. He is eager to prove his fluences to which they are subjected. patriotism and the greatness of Jew- ish contributions to America. He is There has been in evidence an ex- ready to cooperate in every movement treme sensitiveness to adverse criti- calculated to create good wi}'l and a cism. Manifestations of anti-semitism here and there in America have better understanding with his neigh- greatly disturbed the Jews. This has bors. It is surely the duty of the been the one la~d in the earth where Christian Church at this time to re- their enjoyment of liberty, fellow- buke intolerance and express to the ship, and justice seemed assured. Jews our desire to share with them

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOR.EIGN BULLETINS

every liberty and privilege which we Klausner, of the University of Jeru- salem. This book has carried the ourselves enjoy. name of Jesus into every ghetto of the Another matter of grave concern world. A large number of Jews go as far or further than the author in their to Jewish leaders is the revolt of the appreciation of Jesus. This change of people against traditional Judaism. attitude is due to many causes, but The conception that the Torah as mainly to contacts with Christian given at Sinai, orally and in writing, men and women, the influence of conwith all its minutiae as developed in secrated Christian workers, the cirthe Talmud, is complete and unalter- culation of the New Testament and able and binding on all ages, is no other Christian literature, occasional longer taken seriously by the Jewish visits to churches, and the influence masses. They are neglecting the of Christian messages over the radio. synagogue and are looking elsewhere, -in socialism or in some modern Another factor which has added cult-for spiritual satisfaction. To greatly to the problems with which meet this situation Jewish leaders are Jewish leaders have to deal is the displaying feverish activity. Organi- wide distribution of their people. zations and institutions of all sorts- Every state and territory has its Jewmainly patterned after those of Chris- ish population. .Tews are found in tians-are bei~g multiplied to stay every city, in most towns and vilthe drift and develop larger loyalty. lages, and in the open country. Even The appeals, however, are racial in cities with a large Jewish popularather than religious. Zionism is tion the majority d(J not live in ghetemphasized as a means of uniting the tos, but in American residential divergent elements of Judaism. J ew- neighborhoods. For the first time in ish education has received increased their history .Tews in large numbers attention. The Reform Movement is live in proximity to Christian earnestly seeking to bring the Mosaic churches and are in contact with ceremonials into accord with modern evangelical Christianity. This unique life and thought. situation is bringing about two note- worthy results. First, numbers of Among changes to be noted in mod- .Tews are losing their anti-Christian ern Jewish attitudes is the place now prejudices. In many communities, being given to Jesus. For centuries especially those in which there is no His name was never mentioned in the synagogue, they occasionally attend Ghetto. If learned rabbis had oc- Christian churches and frequently casion to refer to Him, He was des- send their children to Sunday school. ignated as "That Man," or "The Another result of free Jewish and Nazarene," or "The Crucified One." Gentile contacts is a marked increase For centuries the (Jnly account of His in the number of intermarriages. life circulated in the Ghetto was a While occasionally a Gentile wife enscurrilous and blasphemous produc- ters the synagogue with her Jewish tion called the Toledoth Yeshu. But husband, in the great majority of there are today signs of a change. cases intermarriage means loss to Though official orthodox Judaism' is Judaism. Even where connection .as hostile to Jesus as ever, in other with the Church is merely nominal, quarters there is a disposition to claim the children are almost invariably Him as one of the great men of their brought up as Christians. To meet race. Such hooks as Joseph Jacobs' these conditions Jewish leaders are " Jesus as Others Saw Him," and E. seeking to keep closer contact with G. Enelow's "A Jewish View of Jews in scattered communities, and Jesus," hold this position. Quite a very definite propaganda against recently there was published in Jeru- intermarriage is in progress. salem in Hebrew a comprehensive biography, "Jesus of Nazareth," by While the conditions indicated are an eminent Jewish scholar, Dr. Joseph

in some respects peculiar to America, conviction that the time has come for corresponding changes have been tak- them to accept some responsibility for ing place elsewhere, especially in a Christian ministry to the race of Eastern and Central Europe. Of Jesus, but hesitate to employ the tra- particular significance is the move- ditional methods of approach. For- ment toward Christianity in various tunately, here in America, Providence E1IrOpean Jewish communities. In has placed within our reach a means his annual report to the General of winning the Jews, than which Assembly of the United Free Church there can be none more satisfactory of Scotland, Rev. J. Macdonald Web- or more worth while. The fact that ster, D.D., Secretary for Jewish thousands of Christian churches have work, presented some interesting Jews living within their bounds :sug- facts which deserve repetition for our gests at once the possibility of includ- information and encouragement. ing these- Jews in their ministry.

In the city of Vienna, during the That this ministry is both practicable past seven years, many thousands of and effective has already been dem- Jews have entered the Christian onstrated. Some churches which have Church, the most notable conversion taken up this truly apostolic probeing that of Hans Herzl, son of the gram have received into their memfounder o~ modern Zionism. In the bership thirty or more Jews. The territory of the old undivided Hun- possibilities of this service are incalgary a Jewish authority estimates culable. If every church in America that since 1918 no fewer than 97,000 having Jews in its parish could be Jews have professed conversion to definitely enlisted in a kindly, sym- Christianity. In Budapest alone, dur- pathetic, and intelligent ministry to ing the past seven years, over 2,5D0 its Jewish neighbors, the aggregate Jewish converts were added to the of such service would immeasurably Presbyterian Church and half as exceed anything that has hitherto many more to other Protestant com- been attempted. This program calls munions. In certain cities in Ukrai- for no vast expenditures of money. nia, Jewish converts have been so nu- It requires no additional buildings merous. that whole congregations have and little, if any, additional equipbeen formed of Hebrew Christians. ment. In some congested communi- ties, one or more trained workers Such information, coupled with might be desirable, but in the average what is taking place in this country church this is unnecessary. What is today, can but impress us with the needed is an understanding of the unparalleled opportunity which we Jewish people, large sympathy,and a are facing of interpreting Christian- sincere desire to win them to a true its in a vital way to the Jews. The and adequate knowledge of Christ situation constitutes a veritable call and His Gospel. of God. If American Christians will but· heed this call and bring to this In view of the present situation, challenging task their resources of and the need and urgency of a Chrif;- prayer, gifts, and consecrated per- tian ministry to the Jews, it is recsonality a work may be done for Jews ommended that the denominations be in this new land, so far removed from urged: the scene of their ancient wrongs, far op· 1. To place themselves on record as exceeding anything which has been posed to anti·semitism in evevereyryfoerfmfo~tantod attempted in any preceding genera- as in full sympathy with tion. promote good will and a better understand· Several denominations have already ing between Jew and Gentile. made work for the Jews an integr~l 2. To encourage every church having ,Tews in its community to show a friendly part of their missionary program. interest and interpret the Christian Gospel Other denominations have a growing to them in terms of sympathy and kind· ness.

FROM MANY:tANJI)S

JAPAN-KOREA Japanese institutions and civilization The Gospel in a Model Village in order to enable them to under- stand the Japanese mind and national YOGO, the so-called "model vil- characteristics which will,· in turn, lage" of Ehime Prefecture, is enable them to do Christian work quite model in many. ways, but the well; (2) careful study and undermissionary and his associates, writes standing of native religions and meet- Rev. R. J. Dosker, of Matsuyama, ing them with respect and tolerance Japan, "have felt for some time that instead of prejudice; (3) clear underthey would like to see this village standing of economic and social conbecome a truly model village by an- ditions in modern Japan so as to nexing to its title 'Model' the name enable them to give the right kind of Christian, making it the 'model Chris- message in the face of acute problems tian village.' Regular meetings are of living which Japan is today facbeing held tw~ce a month at Yogo. ing; and (4) strong emphasis on Not long ago a short Life of Christ educational work, both secular and rein moving pictures, which is the ligious, and careful leadership among property of Matsuyama Station, was the younger and growing generapresented to the Yogo public in the open square before the village rail- tion. "

road station. It is estimated that A Japanese Pastor's Secret not less than eight hundred people, D practically the whole village crowded DRING the remodeling of a church in Tokyo, writes Rev. into that square that night, the great majority of them to hear for the first Howard D. Hannaford, a Presbyteri~ time the life story of Jesus Christ, an missionary, the pastor used to go to their Saviour, as it was being ex- the church every morning early and plained while displayed before them offer prayer with the workmen before in hand-painted moving pictures. they began the day's labor. Most of That double impression through eye them had never come into contact with and through ear will not easily be Christianity before and they were erased. " impressed particularly with the per- Missionaries Needed in Japan sonal, intimate quality of Christian prayers, being really touched because COMMENTING on an interesting the minister prayed for the families article by Bishop Kogoro Uzaki of the )Vorkmen. In this way the labor in the Monthly of the National Chris- on the house of God was consecrated.

tian Council of Japan, which points One day during the plastering opera- out some of the spiritual qualifica- tions, after the workmen had left the tions of the missionaries needed in building, he pasted on the wall back Japan today, the editor of the Bul- of the pulpit a series of twelve Scrip- letin published by the Japanese Stu- ture verses, designed to express the dent Christian Association in the purpose of his ministry in the church United States says: "A few of the and the truths for which the cburch things to which the younger genera- stood. No one knew of this quaint tion hope that missionaries who come ceremony; to the minister it was a to Japan will give more careful at- tryst with God. The next day the tention are: (1) Thorough study of workmen covered the paper on which 717

were written these texts, with plaster, Kazuchan will not eat any food since but it is a constant reminder to the she came to your kindergarten, unless pastor of the high purpose to which I pray first to the Christian's God.

he and the church members have dedi- She says, "My teacher at school told cated themselves. me that I must always give thanks to Church Giving in Kobe God before I eat-please say 'Thank you' to God, father.'" He added: THE organization in February of 'I said "Thank you" to my own Bud- the seventh self-supporting Presbyterian church in Kobe, Japan, a city dhist god to satisfy her, but she only of about 650,000 people, and the dedi- cried and refused to eat, and said, cation of its building are described "No, no; it must be the true Chrisby H. W. Myers, who writes: "There tian God who made the world~your are only about forty Christians in the church, none of them possessed of this god does not hear." And now, lest world's goods, but from March, 1926, she should not eat, and should be ill, they have undertaken the support of we give thanks every day to your God,' he added."

their church and pastor, with no help A Korean Gambler Won R from the Mission. The pastor of the EV. c. F. BERNHEISEL, D.D., new church is the Rev. N. Uemura, of Union Christian College, Py- a graduate of Kobe Seminary, an engyang, Korea, describes his recent earnest, capable young man of thirty- trip to southern Korea, and the mis- two, whose faith and zeal have made sionary opportunity there is in a cer- the present step possible. Next to him tain district. He writes: "A man honor must be given to Dr. Mizokuchi who has been secretary to the magis- and the Shinko Church, of which he trate has decided to become a Chris- is the pastor. They provided about tian and has taken a bold stand fifteen hundred yen to pay half the before his neighbors. He has been cost of the manse, and have agreed to one of the chief gamblers of the place.

make a generous subsidy this year About sixty persons of all ages as- and next if the little church finds sembled there that afternoon and eve- itself in financial difficulties while it ning for the services. They seem is getting on its feet. I think the genuinely interested and we have good subsidy will not be needed, as these hopes for the establishment of a good people 'have a mind to work.' One group in that neighborhood. A house of the elders works at a laundry and has been secured and turned into a preaches the Gospel; one is a clerk at church building. The ex-secretary and the Monopoly Bureau; one works at gambler says that if some old Christian the dockyard, and all four give like can be secured to come to the village princes." to live he will give all his time going Saying "Thank You" to God about with him preaching the Gospel. Elder Kim and three other !rood men MISS KATHERJNE STOKES, from other churches have agreed each kindergarten teacher in Kobe, to go one Sabbath each month for a Japan, writes of her visiting in the year to this place and conduct the homes: "A small girl, aged five, en- service. Thus on the Sabbaths at least tered the kindergarten in April. they will have good leadership and it When we visited the house for the is hoped that in this way local leaderfirst time in June, we were received ship will be developed, so that after by both father and mother, who, in a year or so they can take care of the usual Japanese manner, over- themselves. " whelmed us with thanks for our care of the child at school. Then I in- Korean Desire for Education G quired tentatively of the father as toORDON W. AVISON, now Y. M. C. A. secretary in Seoul, writes: his religion; he replied, 'I am really an ardent follower of Buddha; but "After having been brought up in

NEWS, mOM MANY LANDS

Korea, the writer spent some twenty Winning Filipino Students years in America before he returned to the land of his youth. Naturally a REV. CHARLES R. HAMILTON, great many changes have taken place D.D., who, in addition to his the greatest of which is, perhaps, that other duties in the American Presfound in the attitude of the mass of byterian Mission in the Philippines, the people towards education. For- is pastor of the college church in merly a good Chinese scholar was re- Laguna, says in Women and Misgarded as educated and women were sions: left entirely without schooling. Today the young men and women do not "The vast field of student work care whether they learn Chinese constantly reveals new possibilities. characters, so long as they can get a To reach the great Filipino student Western education. With education, body is to capture the Philippines for the people think they see the oppor- Christ. No other work yields more tunity of taking their places in the promising results, for the students world, and once more the Korean hold the key to the future. The mispeople will have the chance to become sion is meeting the challenge by stureal factors in the new world. As dent dormitories, preaching services, medicine opens doors for the preach- student centers, Bible classes, etc. ing of the Gospel of Jesus, so Chris- In Cebu the student center building tian education will fling wide thou- is occupied as a residence by a Filisands of closed doors." pino pastor and his family, who work among the students in a personal way ISLANDS OF THE SEA and assist the missionaries in the teaching of classes. More than 300 "Mott Conference" in Melbourne students make use of the building for reading, rest and study each week. REV J. W. BURTON, editor of the Seventy-three students have accepted Missio'lU!ry Review, published by Christ and dedicated their lives to the Methodist Church of Australia, His service during the year. Nearly describes with enthusiasm the con- 100 students of the Christian En- .ference held in Melbourne during the deavor Society go out two-and-two recent visit there of Dr. John R. Mott: each Sunday into the needy barrios of ., The 400 delegates gathered from Cebu and conduct services, reaching every state in Australia and from between 400 and 500 persons." various points in the Pacific. A Continuation Commitee was set up to New Days in the New Hebrides conserve the results of the conference and to form a body which would ex- REV. F. G. BOWIE, a veteran mispress the mind of all the missionary sionary of the United Free organizations, and also provide a Church of Scotland in Tangoa, New means of linking up with similar or- Hebrides, writes: "We are all that ganizations in other lands. In this are left now of the United Free misway we shall have a representative sionaries in the New Hebrides, but body, Australian in character, which there are missionaries from other will be able to utter itself on behalf churches, New South Wales, Victoria, of the various churches and mission- Tasmania, and New Zealand Presbyary societies in such a way as to com- teries, and we all work together. mand the attention of those in author- There have been great changes, not ity and to speak with solemn voice the least being among the natives. to the great masses of Christians in For those around us and in the nearer our Church, many of whom are not parts the old days and the old life are yet Christian enough to realize that gone. Instead of being killed the chilour Master's command is binding up- dren are being cared for. On the on every member of His Church." mountains there are still' many hea- then, who are always friendly enough to us personally, but who make it

plain that they wish to be let alone in left his entire estate to his wife and their old way. Every now and again, children, "feeling sure that they will however, some join {)ur Christian use the property entrusted to them people, and it so happens that at the liberally for humane and benevolent present time the people of two dis- objects." But he made one specific tricts, far apart, are asking for teach- bequest, which is thus described in ers. Perhaps the greater part of our the will: work lies in the Training Institute for Teachers, which is here, and which My honored and revered great-grandis supported by all the churches in- father Anson G. Phelps bequeathed to my terested. ' , father, William E. Dodge, as one of his grandchildren, $5,000, with the injunction NORTH AlIIERICA that the same should be considered as a sacred deposit committed to his trust to be Sunday at the Sesquicentennial invested, and the ineome therefrom to be devoted to the spread of the Gospel and T ;HOUGH it was stated in the May to promote the Redeemer's kingdom on Rwiew that Mayor Kendrick of earth, and to be transmitted unimpaired to Philadelphia was planning to give a his descendants, to be sacredly devoted to special place to religion in the Sesqui- the same object. centennial Exposition, later events have led to a very different outcome. In a similar manner, Mr. Dodge di- The Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., rected that the income of this amountnotified the mayor of Philadelphia shall be spent and the principal be that that denomination had with- passed on to succeeding generations drawn its support, because of the "for the like purposes and objects." policy of keeping the exposition open on Sunday. For a time the exposition New Y. W. C. A. Conferenccs was closed on Sunday, but the management yielded to popular clamor A SERIES of eight conferences for and the consequence has been that a national and local leaders of the number of Protestant churches have y_ W. C. A. is announced for early withdrawn their support from it, and fall and winter. Under the chairmanalso abandoned participation in ex- ship of Mrs. Frederick M. Paist 01 hibitions on the grounds. The Amer- Philadelphia, each conference willican Bible Society and the W. C. T. U. have a general theme such as youth; have taken similar action. The or a kindred general problem of to- United Presbyterian comments: day. Approximate locations an- nounced are Texas, Virginia, Colo- The action of the directors of the Sesqui- rado, California, Iowa, Wasbington centennial, in opening its gates on the Sab- and Florida. New York may be bath day, is not only a discourtesy to the added as a meeting place for those in masses of the Christian people of Pennsyl- the East. Ea<;h locality, according vania, but is a flat violation of the eon- to Mrs. Paist, will choose its own prodition and pledge on which these men obtain- gramme. Each conference committee ed a grant of $750.000 by the Legislature will be made up of local as well as of Pennsylvania. The churches generally national members. The demand for have passed strong resolutions condemning this type of conference grew out of this action, and the Governor of the state the success of the Y. W. C. A. conhas protested against it and ordered the vention last spring. While those state building closed on that day. within the Y. W. C. A. movement meet frequently for sectional con- Genera.tions of Stewardship ferences on kindred techni~al prob- lems, these new meetings will deal ONE paragraph in the will of the with general SUl'veys of all Associa- late Cleveland H. Dodge fur- tion work. It is expected that the nishes a striking illustration of the new series by absorbing many of the way in which the tradition of Chris- highly specialized conferences, will tian stewardship can be handed down prove a time saver. The series will in a family. Mr. Dodge, who had in no way interfere with the summer given away millions in his lifetime,

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

conferences that yearly attract 10,- Some who had received the Scriptures 000 girls. Mrs. Emma F. Byers of the year before were still carrying the New York is executive secretary. books and reading them. Several who last year had received 'resta- Virginia Rural Church Survey ments now asked for Bibles.

-THROUGH the provision made in Christian Reformed Church Missions the Purnell Bill, which passed THE Christian Reformed Church, Congress about a year ago, the Ex- the smallest of the three Reformed periment Station of the Virgima Churches in America, has been doing Polytechnic Institute, in July began a much for the cause of missions among scientific study of the rural church the Indians, where this church supsituation in Virginia. In May, W. E. ports thirty workers in the southwest. Garnett, Professor of Rural Sociology, New missionaries are als(' being sent V. P. 1., who will have direct super- to China, where the main station is vision of the work, met in conference located at Jukao, Kiangsu Province_ leaders of various denominations of Work among the Jews is carried Virginia, as well as representatives on in Chicago, Illinois and Paterson, of state departments interested in New Jersey_ Several churches -have rural problems. The object of this been established among the Hollandconference was to enlist the support ers in Canada. of church leaders so that the survey might be made with the general co- The Gospel in Alaskan Tundras -operation of an inter-denominational committee. Practically every de- A MORAVIAN missionary in nomination in the state was repre- Bethel, Alaska, writes: " Tlie sented, and the leaders favored the visit to the members in the tundra plan heartily, adopting the following villages was very satisfactory and E;n~ resolutions : couraging. We can see how an ex- perience of God is becoming more Resolved, First, That we, unoffieial repre- distinct in their spiritual life. Again sentatives of different denominations, en- we rejoiced in further evidence of dorse the proposal of the Experiment Station fuller trust in God's leading and less of V. P. I., to make a scientific study of the fear of the powers of the devil. A entire rural church conditions in Virginia. young man in the last sta!!'es of tuber~ culosis was repeatedly urged and Second, That we ask the V. P_ 1_ anthor- coaxed to resort to the medicine man '8 ities to appoint representatives from the powers. Said he: 'I h-uve no faith va.rious denominations to act as an advisory in the power of the medicine-man to council, cooperating with the department heal me. He cannot help me. I know in its survey_ my days here are not many. Why should I then endanger my eternal Bibles Given to Circus Folk living by giving myself to the power of evil now?' It was a pleasure to T HE employees of a circus are have him partake of the Holy Com- people in a class by themselves. munion. It is a happy experience to They are constantly traveling from work among our appreciative tundra one town to another and aside from people_ How different it used to be their own associations live among when the missionary's coming was strangers. For several years a dele- looked upon with the utmost indif~ gation of workers from the New York ference I" Bible Society has visited each spring the circus of Ringling Brothers and LATIN AMERICA Barnum and Bailey, and Sparks's Circus. An entire day has been spent Exchange Student. in Mexico with each circus giving the Scriptures to the employees. One day in May AMERICAN students have been last, 1612 volumes of the Scriptures flocking over the Mexican border in sixteen languages were given at to attend the summer school of the one circus and on a later date 440 copies were given at the other circus_ 5

University of the City of M.exico. Use of Bible in ChUe Commended Last year three hundred students, both men and women, from the United T HAT the Roman Catholic Church States chose Mexico for post-graduate is beginning to respond to the in- study. "This is the fourth year of fluence of the new day in certain the exchange system inaugurated by parts of South America is suggest'ed the University," says Miss Elena by a decree of the Archbishop of San- Ramirez, as quoted in The America.!1' tiago which went into effect Ja~uary Friend. "Much is done by the Um- 1st. In his decree the ArchbIshop versity to make the stay of the Amer- says, "Priests of the secular and reg- icans pleasant. The altitude is high ular clergy less than seventy years of and the climate clear and bracing," age shall be prohibited from celebrat- The Y. W. C. A. of Mexico City co- ing mass in public on feast days un- operates in making arrang-ements for less they, or other priests, read the women students and hospitality. gospel to the public in the vernacular Miss Ramirez, after a year's study in with at least five minutes' explana- New York will return to become one tion. Rectors or churches are charged of the first Y. W. C. A. secretaries in with the fulfilment of this decree and Mexico. witb the notifying of priests who say mass on feast days that they must Sanet! Spir"itu8 School comply with these requirements to secure permission to celebrate mass." SOON after Cuba won her inde- -Christian Century. pen den c e, the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., selected United Evangelistic Effort Sancti Spiritus, a town of 20,000 i~­ habitants which was founded III I N Santa Anna do Livramento, a 1514 as' one of the centers of its large city on the Uruguayan fron- work. In 1903 a school was opened in connection with the church and tier of Brazil the Methodist Episcopal has been maintained as an effective part of the evangelical work until the Church South, and twheel~-Ao:mgaenriiczaend present day. In Febru~ry, 1925, a Episcopal Church have beautiful and commodIOus school building was dedicated. It is unique mission churches. Each mISSIOn has a in the educational life of Sancti Spiritus, as the first building ever erected resident minister, whose field extends there exclusively for school purposes. Other schools have always been over a vast territory beyond the city. housed in rented or remodeled buildings. The school has been a vigorous Rev. G. D. Parker, describing in the factor in building up a strong church at Sancti Spiritus. The number of Missionary Voice a cooperative evanpupils matriculated during the y.ear 1924-1925 was 240, and almost WIth- gelistic campaign, which had some out exception they were attendants upon the Sunday-schooL The Bible unusual features, says: "The two has always been taught very efficient- missionaries and their wives met ly and is probably the most popular twice a week for several weeks for subject in the school curriculum. The consultation and prayer. Then the school has recently been incorporated city was divided into thirteen zones with the Provincial Institute and the and a prayer circle formed in each, state professors now visit it annually which met twice a week. The groups to examine the pupils and award were led by laymen of both churches degrees. and the meetings, which were held in private homes, were largely at- tended. On the Sunday evening pre- ceding the first meeting of the prayer bands there was a consecration service held in the Episcopal church, which was conducted by the Methodist minister with the thirteen lay leaders kneeling at the altar. The general meetings of the campaign, which were conducted alternately by the Method-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ist pastor and the Episcopal rector otherwise, as the assembly, in its wiswere held in the Methodist church." dom, may determine."

EUROPE Boy Refugees in Greece Postal Eva.ngelism in Europe L RA.Y OGDEN, Director of the • school for boys conducted by WHEN, several years ago, evangel- Near East Relief on the island of istic meetings in Ireland were Syra, says of the boys with whom he made practically impossible, Tom is working: "They are the product Rhea, an Irish evangelist, was led, of World-War demoralization. They says the London Christian, into "a came into American orphanages suffresh method of service in the Gos- fering from starvation and almost pel. " The work, started in hostile every form of disease . . . Now circumstances, has now quite out- every Sunday night they gather for grown its origin[ll limitations, and their evening meeting. We grown-ups now operates, as the "Scripture marvel at the way in which the boys Circulation Movement," among Cath- themselves do it all. This is the proolics in some parts of the Irish Free gram given last Sunday: The boys State, North of Scotland, Spain, Por- sang both Greek and Armenian tugal and elsewhere. Friends furnish chants, then 'Faith of Our Fathers' lists of names of people otherwise in perfect English. There were a few practically inaccessible, to whom are musical numbers, then a fifteen-minmailed an envelope packet, which ute talk by one of the leaders, a boy usually contains a book of Scripture of sixteen. He read his Bible verse portions compiled from the Roman and then gave his talk without the Catholic Bible, "God's Way of Sal- least hesitation or embarrassment. vation, " and similar proved gospel The meeting closed with one unit messages. Each envelope is sealed to singing in beautiful harmony 'Abide give it the appearance of ordinary with Me.' These boys are from seven correspondence, stamped and sent in to ten years of age, taught entirely by prayer upon its mission. About 300,- their seventeen-year-old leader, who is 000 such packets have been sent out now also teaching in the orphanage in three years, and news of definite conversion to God has been received school. " by the workers. Ru.sian St.udents in Germany Scottish Women Ministers SOME of the difficulties under AN EVIDENCE of the rapidity which these students are laboring with which thought is changing are described as follows in Thl? Inin portions of the Christian Church tercollegwn: "The most usual inreferred to by The Christia.n Century, come-producing activities are work is to be seen in the proposal to admit in theatres, orchestras, choirs, teachwomen to the ministry in Scotland. ing typing, kitchen work and work on The presbytery of Edinburgh has re- railroads. Jobs as motor-car drivers solved to submit to the approaching are well-paid, but make study impos- General A.ssembly of the United Free sible. In the provinces the situation Church an overture regarding the or- is worse, as the market for odd jobs is dination of women. The overture much smaller. Most of the men live asks that the assembly initiate legis- on credit, which in the provinces lation "declaring the eligibility of seems to be still freely given to stuwomen for admission to colleges of dents. The need is so great that the church, regular theological stu- sometimes it becomes a tragic-comedy. dents who, on completion of their full Recently a big picture concern hired course of study, may be licensed to sixty Russian students to act as slaves preach and be ordained to the niinis- for a few marks a day. All the men tryon the same terms as men, or had to shave their heads completely. They all did it. This seems to be. a

fact of very little importance, but if Evangelical Christendom, "is a new one remembers that in Russia only departure in Spanish evangelization, criminals have been shaved, one real- for Dr. Aguirre is a type of preacher izes how appalling the need must be that has never filled the pulpits of when a student is ready to undergo the evangelical churches. It is said such a humiliating experience for a that oratory has had a great part in few marks." inspiring the ultramontanism of Spaniards. It can be used to nobler Christian Books for Albania purposes, and we pray that the Oapu- chin may be used by God to lead his THE Scripture Gift Mission re- countrymen to the light of the Gos- ceived recently at its headquarters pel. " in London a grateful acknowledgment from a Ohristian worker in Albania Traveling Y. W. c. A. in Lapland of 10,000 copies of a tract entitled " God Hath Spoken." He wrote: GIRLS in Sirma, Lapland, near the , ,We are able to distribute these as Finnish border, are reported to be we go to the villages to hold our enthusiastic students in what is evangelistic meetings, and in connec- known as the Y. W. C. A. "traveling tion with our regular missionary school. " To reach the girls of Sirma, service working out from this center the teacher of the winter school travhere. As you know, some seventy per eled sixty miles in an open sledge on eent of the population of Albania is a frozen river. Many of the girls had Mohammedan. We recently went to difficulty in reaching the points where the Mohammedan village of Pulah. the traveling school made temporary One of our teaehers and two boys stops. For the summer course two went with us. There was no carriage young girls traveled over one hunroad the last part of the way, and we dred miles in a rowboat. "I met one had to leave the carriage with the girl from a tiny fishing village who driver and walk. The two boys had been traveling over twenty-four helped me carry the folding organ. hours to reach her nearest church," Then we came to a bridgeless stream writes Froken Braathen, of the and had to construct a passage. World's Committee of the Y. W. O. Knowing that the village was particu- A. "Scores of little fishing villages larly fanatical, we prayed as we lie along this northern coast. Many walked along that our heavenly of them are very isolated. The poo- Father would open the way. On go- pIe are mainly Laplanders." The Y. ing to the center of the village we W. C. A. courses include handcraft, found a large crowd of men and boys. cooking, anatomy, nursing and first One stepped forward and in broken aid. English welcomed us." AFRICA Spanish Monk an Evangelist Roman Catholic Gains in Africa A WELL-KNOWN 0 a pUc h i n T HE Roman Oatholic society in preacher in Spain has come out Great Britain which sends out to from his monastery and joined the Africa the so-called "White Fathers" evangelical forces. He has preached reports the following progress in the in many of the cathedrals of his na- last six years: "Six new missions tive land and is an orator who was have been founded. In Sudan, the accustomed to draw large crowds to Apostolic Vicariate of Bamako and hear his eloquence. He has already Ouagadougou, and the Apostolic Preshown his sincerity by preaching in fecture of the Gold Ooast have taken many evangelical pulpits the Gospel the place of the former Vicariate of he has accepted, and it is hoped to use Sahara and Sudan. This shows what him as a. mission preacher in many has been the extension of the Apostoparts of Spain. "This, " comments late work in those countries. In the

1926J lS'EWS FROM MANY LANDS

region of the Great Lakes, the Apos- Bible in hand facing a big meeting of tolic Vicariates, Ruanda and Urundi, women, all staunch Moslems, and and the Apostolic Prefecture of Al- proclaiming to them the Way of the bert Lake also, give an idea of what Cross was an inspiration. . . . At has been the progress of the old mis- her funeral, which I conducted with sions that gave them birth. In 1920, the help of a fellow-missionary, I rethe total Catholic population of our minded the people of Rachmah's missions was as follows: 305,000 neo- faith in the Saviour whom she loved phytes and 120,000 catechumens. and served. We sang hymns in Ara- Just now we have a real great gain: bic, and the body was then carried 425,000 neophytes and 166,000 cate- away amid much weeping, the schoolchumens-a gain of more than 160,- girls crying, '0 my teacher, my 000. The number of missionaries has teacher.' It was a most touching also increased. Our Society has actu- scene. There was a large funeral ally 1,011 missionaries, 733 priests procession of Moors, but we told them and 278 lay Brothers." there was to be no mention of Mo- hammed's name, as Rachmah was a Suez Bookroom for Moslems believer in Jesus. She, as far as we know, was the first native in Mazagan DURING the season of the pilgrim- to be given a Christian funeraL" age to Mecca Rev. Herbert Mercer, of the, Egypt General Mission, Wonten's Rights in the Ca.meroon was in Suez helping the native pastor there. He writes of the new book H L. WEBER, M.D., Presbyterdepot: "Moslems use it as a reading- • ian missionary in Elat, West room, sitting very quietly reading Africa, writes in the Presbyterian the tracts and then asking questions. Magazine: "Some little time ago the We get some splendid openings in Ntum women banded themselves tothis way. One day a man asked, gether into a Woman's Rights So- 'Who is Jesus Christ?' and there was ciety. The men of the old school who a good opportunity for conversation, considered woman as a slave to be about five other Moslems listening. bought, sold, or gambled away, were Out with the colloquial Scriptures in forced to remove their hats and show the town, I am having some hot times. proper respect, or take a most dis- Every day I have met with fierce op- graceful beating for noncompliance position, and have been forced to de- at the h~nds of this organization. part from my usual rule a number This brought a much needed change of times and talk straig-ht to men of attitude into the men's corner. who sought to hinder. Praise God. Quite a contrast from the 'good old though, the books are selling, and days' when if a woman dared to run these very men unwittingly have away from her impossible environcaused others to buy right on the ment into which she had been sold in spot. Thus the devil oversteps him- infancy she was hunted with guns by the men, and when found and still self. " persistent was shot to death. As late as twenty years ago we witnessed A Christia.n Funeral in Morocco such a hunt for a run-away woman. . . . The regions beyond are still T HE death in Mazagan, Morocco, steeped in all the horrid charm of of a native Bible woman, Rach- fetishism. To the untamed, fetishmah, who twenty-one years ago left medicines are everything. The Mohammed for Christ, was the occa- stronger men are bandeg together sion of the following tribute from a into a secret society called the Ngi. Scotch missionary who had known They carry forward the worst of her well: "She loved Christ her Sa- heathenism, superstitious custom and viour, and would, I honestly believe, cruelty. They determine the cause have laid down her life for Him, if the call had come. To see her with

of death. IJife is of no account. Commissioner, a representative of the Death lurks in their wake." traders, and the Rev. J. H. Haile, of Tiger Kloof, made speeches welcom- Village Burns Its Idols ing the new regent, who replied briefly and said that he felt the dif- REV. w. J. PAYN.E, c. M. S. mis- ficulty of following in Khama's foot- sionary in Benin City, Nigeria, steps as everyone recommended, and reports that three new out-stations that he should always consult his have been opened during the past father's advisers. The speech made year. One of these, Ewonika, is re- a good impression by its simplicity, markable for the rapid growth of the directness and its lack of extravagant work. Mr. Payne writes: "In April, promises. It was noticed that Tse- 1925, there was not a single Christian kedi, in manner and presence, bore a in the village. A special evangelistic striking resemblance to Khama." effort throughout the district was made during Passion Week, and some King Pleads for a Missionary Christians from Benin City went to Ewonika, a village about sixteen miles AMEMORABL'E scene at the anaway. The people had just been cel- nual conference of the American ebrating the annual festival of the Presbyterian Congo Mission is devillage idol; but they listened to the scribed in The Bible in the World. Gospel and asked th~ Christians to Two years before the new king of the stay with tliem a few days, and then Bakuba tribe, which had formerly to return to teach them on Sundays. been very hostile to missionary effort, After a few weeks practically the had publicly invited the mission to whole village decided to become begin work in his capital. He was Christian, and they had a public then assured that as soon as a misburning of idols. Just after this a sionary could be spared, one would tree fell across the pathway leading be placed in his capital. In the to the place where the village idol had meantime, an African evangelist was stood, and this was taken by the peo- settled there and a school opened. ple as a sign of approval from God Two years had gone by, and no misthat the idol had been destroyed. sionary had been available. Hearing They are now building a church and that the missionaries were assembled teacher's house. and twenty-five chil- in their annual conference, the king dren are attending schooL" determined to appeal to them in per- son. Now a helpless paralytic, but King Khama.'s Son as Regent with his mind still keen and alert, he was carried 150 miles by his faithful T HE death of the king of the men, to the schoolhouse where the Bamangwato tribe, a son of the conference was assembled. Lying in great Christian king, Khama, was an- his hammock, with these men around nounced in the April REVIEW, and it him, he said to the members of the was then stated that during the mi- conference: nority of his son his twenty-year-old brother would act as regent. Word For weary months you have put me off, .has now come of the installation of saying tomorrow, tomorrow and tomorrow, the latter, Tsekedi by name. "Tse- until my heart is sick. Now I have come kedi was at first unwilling to break myself before you to demand that a misoff his studies at Fort Hare, but in sionary be placed in my capital. I will no answer to the call of duty he set aside longer be contented with an evangelist, I his own tastes and inclinations to want a missionary. Do not send me away take up the heavy responsibility of with grief and shame, a laughing stock to office, transferred his church member- my own people, and to my enemies. Give ship from Fort Hare to Serowe, and me a missionary now. presented himself for the installation ceremony. In the presence of a large He went away joyfully with the audience, the headman, the Resident promise that a worker would be taken from another station and sent to his capital. '

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Pentecost in South Africa age is 60,000, of whom less than 15,- 000 are under instruction in Moslem, WHAT has been called by Rev. Roman Catholic, Jewish and Protes- Donald Fraser, D.D., of the tant schools. Aleppo High School is United Free Church of Scotland, the only Protestant higher school for "the most notable missionary awak- boys.-Record of Christw!ll, Work. ening in modern times" has been that of the Dutch Reformed Church Conference for Girls in Syria of South Africa. "Forty years ago," he says, "they gave £1,700 to mis- T HE first gathering of this ki~d sions. Today they give over £80,000. ever held brought together III One country congregation gave £700 Beirut in the spring forty-five girls, at a collection during a communi9n Armenians, Turks, Kurds and Syrseason. The Church has scores of ians. There were Moslem and Druze missions in South Africa, Central as well as Christian girls, though it Africa, and the Soudan. The secret had been emphasized in the announceof their revived interest in the King- ments that it was to be a Christian dom is to be found in the Pentecostal conference. One of the American season. Every year this is their workers writes: "There was a theme great church festival. All over South for each of the three days, 'Looking Africa the churches gather for a week In,' 'Looking Up,' and on Friday, the of prayer, and talk about. the Holy last day, 'Looking Out.' The eve- Spirit at Whitsuntide (Pentecost). nings were given over to the most in- That is the season when young people teresting speakers we could secure are won for Christ, when the mis- and the talks were evangelistic folsionary claims of the Church become lowed by group meetings. . . . The most insistent_ and there is the girls were interested, earnest, far source of the awakening evangelical more amenable to rules and arrangespirit of tIll> Church." ment than girls at conferences I have attended in America. And when they THE NEAR EAST were given an opportunity to express themselves, the emphatic statements Old School with New Name as to the value of such a gathering were most gratifying. They just took SEVEN years after the war Central for granted that we would have an- Turkey College (Aintab) still other conference for girls next year. finds itself in an anomalous position. And indeed, a permanent organiza- Its name is "Central Turkey." Its tion has been formed for the purbuildings and hospital are in Turkey. pose. " But the Treaty of Lausanne has run a new boundary east and west Biblical Hebrew in the Holy Land through the middle of the field, separating Syria from Turkey. and the I N A LETTER from Mt. Carmel, Christian constituency of the college Rev. S. B. Rohold, of the British has been forced south of this line into Jews' Society, says: "The use of the Syria. Here the college is building Hebrew of the Old Testament in all up again. under the name of the the .Jewish schools in the Holy Land, Aleppo High School. Staff, 12; stu- the immediate adoption of it as one dents, 132; grade, secondary, with of the official languages when the five forms. preparing" for college.; mandate was given to Great Britain budget 1926-7, over $7,000, for which and its spread over all the land is gifts are invited. Eight racial and most impressive. The older jargons religious groups are represented. are rapidly giving way before it. The Aleppo has a population of 300,000, common speech .in the Jewish quarters two thirds Moslems, chiefly Arab, the of the city and in the colonies, the rest Christian, Syrian, Armenian. widely circulated press, the business and Jews. The population of school transactions, the shop notices, the pub-

lie signs, the conduct of the Law of the work done there. Basrah tells Courts and general administration us that the boys' school has many and the fact that Englishmen and more applicants than it can receive. Arabs also are learning it, cannot be Most gratifying of all, Amarah speaks ignored. " of definite inquirers who are attracted by the message itself. Surely we Robert College and the Turk have grounds for hoping that the per- sistent witnessing of many years is PRESIDENT GATES, of Robert destined to bear fruit in the near fu- Collel?e, has expressed as follows ture. " his confidence in the value of educational missions in Turkey: "The Baptisms in Persian School members of the Government of the Turkish Republic have repeatedly AREPORT from Mrs. A. C. Joyce, taken pains to express their anpreci- of Teheran, East Persia, contains ation of the work which our college is this encouraging news: "We re.ioice doing. The Secretary of Commerce over several school girls and three has sent twenty-five students to be boys who have recently confessed trained in our engineering school. their faith in Jesus Christ by joining We have in Robert College the sons of the church. One of these boys is a many prominent Turkish officials. sturdy personality, son and grandson There is a strong and widesnread of two of Persia's most famous banopinion that the training given in the dits. He himself had expected to fol- American schools is very valuable for low in their steps, but on seeing them the Turkish youth. The Turks Ret a hanged by the Government some high value upon the moral training years ago he decided it would be given in our schools. They know that better to follow some other profession they need men of unright character and his determination to get an eduand unselfish aims. The Turkish stu- cation finally brought him to our dents in Robert College are giving a school in this city. Now we hone that very' good account of themselves. They his snlendid energies will be devoted are active in the student association, to bringing men into the kingdom of and they show a desire to maintain the God. Christian work in the school is traditions of the college, such as prospering; groups of earnest Chrisbrotherly relations between students tian Armenians. Hebrews. and Pel:'- of different nationalities, truthful- sians are working to bring their ness, honesty, and upright character. schoolmates to Christ. We have a The questions of international rela- larger number of people under intions and principles are discussed Rtruction for baptism than ever bewith the utmost candor and sincer- fore." ity. " INDIA The Outlook in Arabia Missionaries Still Needed THE Arabian Mission of the Re- formed Church in America re- W HEN Bishop Azariah was reports "something of progress in each cently asked the question, district. Muscat announces that the "When the work now under the fordoor into the interior is open. Bah- eign missionary societies is obviously rain reports many outward signs of and permanently related to the changes which are destined to in- Church in India. what will still be refluence the life and thought of the ouired from the Church of the community in course of time and un- West? " his answer was as follows: dermine the wall of prejudice with "This does not mean that these :fields which the Arab surrounds himself. will not require men and money any Kuwait presents strong evidences of longer. The Indian Church will still genuine friendship and appreciation require all the sympathy and help that the older churches of the West

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

can give it for a long time to come. Azariah, Indian bishop in the An- Even if the Indian Church in, some glican Church, preached on the first of the districts should become en- Sunday." tirely self-supporting tomorrow, yet for the training of the workers and "We Cannot Make Them Stumble" ()f the clergy, for' manning the educational institutions for its youth, for I N F ARIQPUR, Bengal, where the conducting its colleges and hostels for English Baptists have a school for non-Christians, and for developing in boys, "there was trouble recently," its workers a strong spiritual life and writes one of the teachers, "with two a spirit of self-sacrificing service, it Mohammedan converts, because our will need for some long time to come boys ate pork. Their Mohammedan the best men that the Church and the prejudices were too much for these universities of the West can produce. new Christians. It is a long story, Financial support also will still be re- bnt the end of it was that, on tbeir quired for the training of the clergy own initiative, our boys' council and other leaders of the Church, un- banned pork, and all other delicacies til Indian Christians themselves can to which Mohammedans object, from equip and endow their theological their meager dietary, saying: 'We colleges. " are responsible for these new con- verts, and we cannot make them India's Largest Church stumble because of what we eat, even though we have a right to eat it.' "

REV. CHARLES W. POSNETT is Tribute to Devoted Worker a missionary of the Wesleyan Missionary Society in the Nizam's Do- I NDIAN Christians in Tanjore, South India, among whom he had minions, with headquarters at Medak. labored for forty-eight years, have Of him the Dnyanodaya says: " After sent to London a tablet in memory of many years of loving toil he has had Rev. Wm. H. Blake, which has been the privilege of seeing completed his placed in the chapel of the Society for magnificent temple of Christian wor- the Propagation of the Gospel in ship which has cost, they say, about Church House, Westminster, Bishop ten lakhs of rupees and will seat Montgomery, in dedicating it, said: about five thousand people. There is "William Herbert Blake, of Camnothing like it in all India, and, in- bddge, a scholar, was sent to India in deed, it is one of the biggest and most 1875 and straightway adopted India splendid churches in Christendom; as his own land and its people as his and, says one who knows, 'it is not life-long friends. He laid out his life an extravagance, or a mere provision on quite clear-cut lines. He would for the future. It is wanted, and accept nothing which would take him wanted now. ' This great edifice, away even for a day from his flock. which is a symbol and sign of the Therefore he refused a Canonry. triumph of Christianity in the very Once only did he leave his Mission, heart of India, is 'wanted no"!"' to when ordered to England for a few help give the Gospel in a mission months by medical authority. The hills had no attraction for himwhich runs like a thread of light what others called holy days for through the dark territory of the change made no appeal to him. Never Nizam's Dominions. And when In- could it be said more truly of any dian Christianity enters upon its servant of God that he pursued the even tenor of his way. You will not Pentecost throughout the land, there be surprised that this carried him will be a series of Christian temples straight into the hearts of his beloved such as no land can show. At Medak flock. Nowhere so much as in India there were several days. given to the is stillness in life appreciated. Here opening ceremonies. There were from was their ideaL" three to four thousand present, and there WitS great rejoicing. Bishop

"Jesus Ohrist'. Hospital" The Maharani Regent of Travancore, south India, has issued a general com- MR.. ERNEST NEVE, a well-known mand that no animal sacrifice shall be medical missionary of the Church conducted at government temples in Missionary Society, writes hopefully the whole of her state. Her Highness, of prospects in Kashmir and Jammu, in the beginning, introduced this on the Indian 'Frontier. Hitherto measure as an experiment in certain there has been no religious freedom in temples of the state, and, finding that the State, and very strong influence it found popular support, has issued bas been brought to bear to reclaim the present general command, apany convert from Hinduism. The plicable to all the temples. The Begum new Maharaja, however, has shown of Bhopal, central India, has instihimself friendly to the medical mis- tuted prohibition there, and it is said sion, being grateful for personal serv- that she speaks of great changes for ice received; and it is possible that the better resulting from the law, for gradually there will be greater toler- which her women subjects are espeance throughout the country. The cially grateful. The loss in revenue relative of a leading moulvi was ill, she regards as "a small thing comand had been under the treatment of pared with my people's greater hapvarious hakims (doctors). The Mos- piness and welfare." lem priest advised the patient's friend to take him to " Jesus Christ's Hos- A Javanese Ohristian Village pital," where he was speedily cured. T HE oldest Protestant mission at Helping Mill Workers work in Java is the N etherlandsch Zend'3ling Genoor/;schap (Netherlands I N NAIGAON, near Bombay, inten- Mis~ionary Society). This society is sive social welfare work for mill more than a hundred years old, and laborers and their families is being has been at work in Java for about undertaken by the Bombay Y. M. seventy years. Practically all of its C. A. Housing has been provided for work is in small villages far from the Hi,OOO, with recreational, medical and larger centers of population. The educational facilities. W. E. D. oldest station is Modjowarno in the Ward, Association secretary at Bom- Residency of Surabaya. This village bay, writes: "At the night school at. was established by a small group of Naigaon, there is an enrollment of Christians, and is governed by them. over 100 men, boys, and a few girls, Others may live there, but gambling studying English, Marathi, and Urdu. Reading and writing are the primary and similar vices are prohibited. subjects, as most of the pupils have Modjowarno has become a model for hardly been to school at all. Play other villages. Yet another kind of under adequate supervision, engaging Christian village is to be found in in an evening from 150 to 250 men this mission. At Pareeredjo the misand boys in this concentrated area, sion owns the land which is rented has been a very happy way of win- out to Christian natives. The difning the confidence of these naturally ficulty here is that the missionary is suspicious folk, and has given them a also the landlord, an undesirable armuch-needed relief from the monot- rangement. !Jowever, since practiony of their mill life. It has broken cally all of the Christians of this misdown many barriers of caste, creed, sion live in small villages which are and class, and has brought them wholly or largely Christian, they are under an acceptable discipline which not beset by the temptations which many of them sorely need." hamper those in the cities. The mis- sion now has more than 15,000 Jav- Progressive Indian Queens anese Christians.

TWO significant reports have re- cently come from India of reforms instituted by Indian women rulers.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

CHINA farm, and broug~t his Bible with Crea.tors of Public Opinion him. He went into a shop to make CHINA has a good telegraph sys- some purchases, and asked the shop- tem which reaches every impor- keeper if he knew anyone who could tant city in China. Newspapers are explain "this Book" to him-producmultiplying rapidly. They have ing the Bible. The shopkeeper was grown in number from ten or less one of the churchwardens of the little fifteen years ago to more than one church there, so he took him to the thousand dailies and several hundred Mission Hall, and introduced him to magazines today, filled with ite~s and the evangelist. who was only too glad comments on international affaIrs. to explain the Bible to him. Mr. Feng came again and again, and Mr. More important, however, than the Huang, the evangelist, went out to newspapers are the student lecturers. his farm; and now this Mr. Feng is In every large city and; in many of a Christian, and all the idols are the important market towns boys and gone. girls from high schools and colleges are speaking on the streets, several Personal CODta.ct with SitudeDts times each month. Whenever any- SHANTUNG Christian Univers~ty, thing important hanpens, these v~l­ in Tsinanfu, is an outstandm~ unteer lecturers get busy and explam union enterprise. Mrs. ~arold. F. the whole affair. They are the crea- Smith writes of the blessmg WhICh tors of public opinion, and because a Christian home is bringing to some they reach many more millions than of the students: " We are asking can possibly be reached by the news- several students each Sunday noon papers they are undoubtedly the to dine with us. and enjoy this simple most bnportant group in China to- means of meeting them very much. day. The newspapers and lecturers Yesterday we had boys from Canton are fertilizing the minds of the peo- and Shanghai and they were a deple with dynamic words and ideas. light in every way. This is their first Think of what it means that tens of term here, and they are all hoping to millions of Chinese in the past two years have actually come to under- bring back a number of their frien?s stand and to feel in their hearts such in the autumn. Due to the utter dISwords as "reform," "freedom," "de- organization of the railways of China, mocracy," "rig-hts of women," "no few if any can return home for the New Year's holidays. Sunday eve- . scuhpiledriloaribtyo,,r"" "i"mseplfe-rdieasltirsumct,I"O"nr.a"ci-al nings, we invite any of the girl stu- dents who care to come, to bring their World Neighbors. hymn books and sing with us their Diocarded Bible Wh… Souls favorite hvmns. These Il'irls come from all China-for examnle, a !;Tout) WRITING from western China, a of seven Il'irls will come from six dif- C. M. S. missionary, quoted in ferent provinces. They are such the London Christian, states that not sweet. gentle girls, but full of ambilong- ago a man who had bought a tion and nerseverance, which they Bible. and who had not given himself mnst have to keep up with the men wholly to God but had gone back to students. " his old life, felt that he had no fur- ther use for the Bible, and so gave it Astriculture and Religion to a farmer who could read. This ~~BY THE improvement of seeds, man, named Feng-, took it home, and the combating of plant dis- read it both to himself and to his eflses and pests and the introduction family. The more he read, the more of better methods and machinerY, he became interested, but. of course, the friends 01' China," writes W. R. he did not really understand. Oue Warren in World CaU, "are bringday he came into the city near to his ing her more than increas·ed prosper-

ity. To double the yield of corn and Among the Moslems of Kansu cotton, wheat and silk is a service in itself that deserves all praise, but the AT THE annual meeting of the processes by which it is done free the 1': China Inland Mission, held in minds of the people from many of their old superstitions and fears and London, Miss Grace Eltham spoke of prepare them for learning moral and the great northwestern province of spiritual lessons. To find, for in- Kansu, which is bigger than the stance, that smut in their grain fields British Isles and has a population of is not sown from the air by the wan- 10,000,000 people of varied nationdering spirits of persons who have alities: Tibetans, Mongols, Moslems, Manchus, Aborigines, and Chinese. died childless, is to enter into an en- The Tibetans have been hostile for tirely new world. . . . All through many years, but now friendly relathe rural districts-and China is dis. tions have been established. Today tinctly an agricultural country- Tibetans and Mongols are coming to there are ea,rth god shrines, little the Lord Jesus and are taking gospel temples four to six feet square and tracts into their countries. Work is ,six or eight feet high, built of brick also going on among the Moslems. Four years ago a very high official or stone or earth and roofed with brought his six Moslem daughters to tiles. Through the opening on one be trained in the mission schooL They had never previously had the Bible side can be seen two images, the earth in their hands, but tbey accepted god and his ·wife. These the farmers Christ and today are living as Chris.- worship with prostrations and burnt tians. A hospital has been opened for offerings, to ward off drought and Moslems. flood and destructive insects."

THE "Nurses All Christians" GENERAL Nurses' Association of China claims the above slogan for its in- The Y. M. c. A. Congress in Finland itials N. A. C., says Miss Elizabeth AN INTERNATIONAL Congress of Pollock, who goes on: "I think I am f t the Y. M. C. A. was opened in right in saying that the Nurses' Association of China is the only nursing Helsingfors, Finland, on August 1st. association in the world that is a There were about fifteen hundred wholly Christian institution. An delegates, including two hundred and interesting feature of the program fifty from America, one hundred and was a discussion regarding the N. A. fifteen from Great Britain, thr~e C. pins. These pins bear the ideo- hundred from Germany, three hungraph for the word meaning 'service' dred and forty from Scandinavia and one of the highest words in the Chris- one hundred Orientals. Some of the delegates came by airplane, and one tian vocabulary—one of the lowliest of them, Dr. K. T. Paul, the secrewords in Cldna. which stands for the tary of the Y. M. C. A. in India, met lowest servi.ce in the realm, manual with a slight mishap on the way. Among the delegates were two hunlabor, drudgery, coolie's work. Its dred and fifty boys under eighteen great meaning as taught by the One years of age, sixty of them from who said, 'I am am()ng you as he America, some having worked their that serveth,' has not come to China passage as deckhands. For discussion ;vet. A great many of the nurses ob- the delegates were divided into fifty iected to 1his character for the pin. groups, each containing Anglo- Saxons, Scandinavians, and Orientals. They wanied it replaced by the more Following the resignation of the honorable word. 'love.' There waR a President of the Congress, Dr. Paul Q'reat deal of discussion. But finally des Gouttes, Dr. John R. Mott was it was del'ided to keep the old word. elected President. and to show to China how love could ~lorify sernce."

!!!!5 D&TIm MKSSJIONARY IJBRARY ~

~ 'ii'UJ'" ibbti moo uvu' iririi '0iAi 'au D'

Any books mentioned in these columns will be <forwarded by us on receipt of price.- THE REVIEW.

Mary Dobson: Musician, Writer, Mission- interest in extending 'the sway of Christ over the hearts and lives of ary. Una M. Saunders. Foreword by men are not truly and intelligently J. Rendel Harris. 191 pp. Sixteen Christian. Dr. McFayden, who was illustrations from photographs. London and New York. 1926.

:iHary Dobson, the eldest daughter formerly principal of Hislop College, of Austin Dobson, the poet, was Nagpur, India, and is now professor a woman of great culture and refine- in Queens College, Kingston, Canada, ment. As warden of the Woman's discusses in simple terms the place University Settlement in Bombay she and ideals of missionary work in the gave twenty-three years of beautiful Christian Church. The book is well service to the students of Western adapted for use as a text-book and is India wh~re her name is fragrant. a brief, but valuable, contribution to The title of the book styles her "Mu- the subject.

sician, Writer, Missionary." but the Dr. McFayden deals with the mis- study of her life makes it plain that sionary impulse in life, religion and in her own estimation she was a mis- history. It is a normal, healthful sionary first and always. While she impulse to share our best with others.

was a talented musician who com- The missionary idea in the gospels posed a large number of charming is clear and positive in .Jesus' teach- songs, and a writer of some promi- ings. In the apostolic church and nence with a number of volumes of in later. history, the missionary idea poetry and prose to her credit, music is an essential part and has been re- and writing were avocations indulged sponsible for the growth of the in without sacrificing her missionary Church.

duties. Many objections made to the mis- Mary Dobson was a present day sionary enterprise are frankly and fairly eonsidered-objections due to missionary-she died in 1923-but ignorance, indifference, selfishness, a she was nevertheless a missionary of lack of discrimination and a false the old school, keeping Sunday as a sense of the value of Christianity. day of rest and worship and her Finally, the author takes up the mispleasure in the deeper things of God. sionary aim and motive,. the handi- She was, however, not a recluse and caps and hindrances, the power and was much sought after in social circles results of Christian missions. both in India and England. But she was a loyal and devoted Christian, There are very few dates and figwho lived close to God even in the ures in the book, but there is a wealth midst of adverse conditions. To mis- of facts from life in non-Christian sionaries on the field and workers at lands, from Biblical history and from home who still believe that Christians missionary experience. We know of should practice the old-time doctrine no better compact statement of the of entire consecration to God, the book missionary idea and ideal. will prove very stimulating and help- ful. B. M. B. Grace H. Dodge. By Abbie Graham. 329 pp. $2.00'. New York. 1926. The Missionary Idea in Life and Religion. J. F. McFayden. 12mo. 178 pp. $1.50. The Dodge family has been one of New York. 1926. Ohristian philanthropists, the parents Christianity is essentially a mis- having the enviable and important sionary religion. Those who have no secret of knowing how to train their 733

children to take a vital interest in William Carey. ;T. H. Morrison. 8vo. 218 pp. London. 1926. Christian work and to be good The romance of this pioneer British stewards of their inheritance. Protestant missionary to India has been the theme of many volumes. Grace Dodge, "Merchant or Here it is told in a brief, popular narrative in the "Master Missionary Dreams," was the granddaughter of Series" edited by W. P. Livingstone. William Carey, the cobbler, the plodthe original William E. Dodge. 'She ding student, the scholar, the preach- er, the pioneer missionary. the transwas born in 1856, inherited business lator, the educator, the founder of a college, the "Grand Old Man of sagacity and was trained to use it India, " lived a life and accomplished a work that continually inspire to III Christian service. She became a worthwhile deeds. The story is told in a simple, direct way to carry its power in the Young Women's Chris- message.

tian Association work and was presi- dent of its National Board. She was a prime promoter of Teach- ers College, Columbia, the founder of the Working Girls' Societies and a practical force in amndanryeliingdiouusstrieanl~ social, educational terprises that have become per- manent and uplifting institutions. l'aul Kanamori's Life Story. By Himself. Miss Dodge was a woman worth 12mo. 111 pp. 28 6d net. Glasgow. 1926.

knowing and her life storv is worth This is a British edition of the reading, revealing her as a' woman of story of how the so-called "Moody of Japan" was converted fifty years ago, ugnreuastuaenl earbgilyitayn, dofrenmobalrekcahbalerascutcecr~sos.f drifted into skepticism, was brought Paraguay, the Inland Republic. Clement back to Christ and the Christian Manly Morton. Map and Illnstrations. ministry and has been widely used in 12mo. 177 pp. $1.25. Cincinnati Ohio. his testimony for Christ. It is a nar- 1926. ' rative stimulating to faith and mis- To the United Christian Missionary sionary zeal.

Society has been assigned the evan- Grains of Rice fI10m It Chinese lIowl. Ida gelization of Paraguay. It has long Belle Lewis. Illustrated. 12mo. 12,3 pp. been neglected by evangelical churches $1.25. New York. 1926. and only a few scattered and independent missionaries, inadequately These "grains of rice" are well supported, have been presenting the cooked and seasoned for American Gospel there. Paraguay is a back- taste, are wholesome and suited to ward. republic, impoverished by war, young and old. Each kernel is a handicapped by ignorance and short story relating to mission work blighted by sin. Mr. Morton tells in for girls. They have a Chinese taste a vivid way, the story of his three and give a true idea of opportunities happy, busy years in the "Inland and difficulties, rewards of mission Republic." He learned to know and working and the changes that have come over Chinese life and customs. love the people and endeavors in The chapters are especially suitable for reading in mission circles and this volume, to help others to know young people's organizations. Miss Lewis is also the author of "Educaand love them. He criticises the Roman Catholic system severely for its neglect, weakness and failnre while tion of Girls in China." he loves and admires many m'embers of that church for their fine Chris- A China Shepherdess. Ma.rgaret Apple- garth. Illus. 18vo. 323 pp. Philadeltian character and devotion to Christ. phia. 1924. The twelve chapters are packed Twenty-two fascinating stories of full of information and make this China, graphically told, and twentyvolume the best missionary book on two pen and ink drawings by the this subject. author showing things Chinese make good sense. He 'shows how simple a up this volume for those who would matter it would be for most of us to learn more about the country, customs maintain health by simple eating, and people and who would teach sleeping, deep breathing and good exothers – especially children – about ercise. He gives facts to show how dethem. Regardless of your age, inter- termined most people are to sacrifice ests, race, or "previous condition of health. He believes that health educaservitude, " you cannot fail to find tion would solve many difficulties, these stories delightful and in- but that moral and spiritual training terpretive. are even more important. The Bible is a good medical guide and Christ is A Joy Ride Through China for the N.A.C. still the Great Physician for both body Com E. Simpson, R.N. 'Map and Illustra- and soul. Parents and teachers will tions. 12mo. 249 pp. $1.50 net. $3.00 find this book especially useful. Mex. Shanghai. 1925. The Repair Shop for Human Lives. John The unique feature about this book W. MacDonald. 12mo. 45 pp. New York. is that it is written by a registered 1926. nurse about nurses and their work in China. Miss Simpson tells of the True stories of lives transformed birth of the Nurses Association of by the power of Christ never grow old China ( of w4ich she is secretary) and or out-or-date. "Down in Water of its subsequent history. She visited Street, " "The Drydock of a. Thoumany provinces, met many interest- sand Wrecks," "Twice-born Men" ing Chinese and foreigners, had un· and "The Repair Shop for Human usual experiences in famine, flood Lives" are all stimulating narratives. and plague during her journeyings Mr. MacDonald, who has recorded The facts and many of the incident!' these latest stories of redeemed lives, are interesting, but the book would is the devoted missionary of Yale have been greatly improved by con- Hope Mission, at New Haven, Condensation and careful editing. necticut. This Mission was founded by the late William Borden and other God's Picked Young Men. Henry K. Yale students and here, year by year, Pasma. 12mo. 96 pp. 75 cents. Chicago, students come into personal touch 1925. with the "down and outs" and seek to lead them to Christ and to userul The inspired and immortal char- manhood. The result is blessing acter of the Bible is shown in its un- both to students and to fellowfailing supply of fresh, practical and humans. Professor William Lyon vital truth. These sixteen studies Phelps of Yale expresses his appreciaof Bible characters are inspiring and tion of the work in a foreword and up-to-date, but they are founded on Mr. MacDonald describes, briefly, the faith in the authenticity and the au- best type of rescue work and tells the thority of the Book. In the study of stories of eleven conversions vividly Abel, we are reminded of Alexander and inspiringly. The work is not the Great and of Jack Dempsey, the merely rescue but regeneration and pugilist, and Gideon is compared with reconstruction. George Washington. Each character stands out for some special excellence, A. Gold Dollar. Joseph M. Duff. 12mo, 138 but Jesus only is "the perfect young pp. $1.25. New York. 1926, man. " The studies are excellent for Bible classes. Not a book on finance or steward- ship, but a clergyman's sketches from Practical Health Talks. H. E. Gehman. nature and life. They reveal God and 8vo. 75pp. $1.00. Boston. 1926. character. The "Gold Dollar" was one that belonged to an elderly lady This true Christian science of and passed on to the writer. The rehealth is written not by a llhysician, but by a layman of experIence and mmlsceses – of f r i end s, family, tion of God's forgiveness since "In churches, vacation days, war, funer- baptism, the penitent believer comes als, graves and nature-vary greatly into His death." The studies are m uniqueness, but they have human clear and worthy of very thoughtful interest. consideration by those who do and those who do not agree with every Chats with Children. Amy Le Feuvre. detail of the author's exposition. 12mo. 108 pp. 28 6d. Glasgow. 1926. Treading the Winepress. Ralph Connor The author of "Probable Sons," (Charles W. Gordon). 12mo. 394 pp. "Teddy's Button" and other chil- $2.00. New York. 1925. dren's stories includes in this volume a dozen Bible talks, well told and Another story by Ralph Connor is practical. Parents and teachers will always welcome. It is sure to be a find them useful. vivid narrative, full of action, with clean, strong heroes, and a villain or' The English-Speaking Peoples: Will They two added; some exciting fights" Fail in Their Mission to the World ~ balanced by some serious talk and one- Wilbur P. Thirkield. 16mo. 58 pp. 50 or two characters transformed bv a, cents. New York. 1926. new vision of God and a wholesome- human love story to stir the pulse. This address, delivered in Buffalo, Such is this new novel about life in discusses briefly the mission of eastern Canada during the war and English-spea:king peoples to the world post-war days. Dr. Gordon has a -namely to present high and prac- masterly pen in describing scenes of tical Christian idealism. action and his stories are marked by a high moral tone and definite purpose. Funds and Friends. Tolman Lee. 12mo. This one will hold the attention of 138 pp. New York. 1925. young readers.

These practical suggestions on, rais- F. S. Arnot. African Missionary Explorer. ing money for social work are born of James J. Ellis. 16mo. 62 pp. Is net. experience. Many will find the ideas Glasgow. 1926. helpful and may learn here to make an agreeable service what has been con- The story of Mr. Arnot, pioneer of sidered an unpleasant task. Money the Garenganzer Mission in Central raising so as to win friends for a Africa, is full of adventure and of work is an art that requires study heroism. He was a friend of King' and experience. Here one may learn Khama and King Lewanika. He went from the experience of others. out to Africa in 1881 and died in the' Zambesi country in May 1914. This Studies in the Forgiveness of Sins. Jesse is a stirring story of what God did R. Kellems. 224 pp. $2.00. New York. through one missionary in tropical 1926. Africa in spite of ignorance, disease, slavery, witchcraft, warfare and other' These are biHical studies of a divinely revealed truth-not theoret- evils. ical discussions of a philosophical conception. Dr. Kellems is a scholarly Through an Indian Counting Glass. writer and a minister of the Disciples of Christ who has conducted success- Elizabeth Wilson. 16mo. 116 pp. $1.00._ ful evangelistic campaigns in America, New York. 1926. Britain and Australia. He considers sin as individual and social trans- These are bright, sketchy observagression of God '8 laws and forgiveness to be based on God's love, on the tions of a Y.W.C.A. worker in India. sacrifice of Jesus Christ, the Son of God. and on personal and living faith Miss Wilson tells of her adventures. in Him. "There is no forgiveness apart from Jesus." The author con- in Serampore in the School of Insiders baptism in the name of Christ as an essential part of the appropria- dustry where characters also are made and Indian women attain self-support.

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on Arabia The Arab at Home By PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D.

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Indigenous Ideals in PI·actiee. Or) ca(-h. Grains of Rice from a Chinese Bowl. Ida ,,"orl(l nOln;n;on Press. London. ] g26. Belle Lew;a. 123 pp. $1.2.3. Plem;ng H. Revell. New YOl'k. 1926.

'rhe character of these interesting A History of Southern Methodist Missions. James ('annon III. 356 ,pp. $1,50. and informing palllphlet.~, prepared Cokesbur:~ Press. XasIn-Hle, Tenn. 19~n.

under the snpen'isioll of Dr. 'l'homas The Land of the Vanished Church: A Survey of North Africa. World Do- Coehrane of I,ondon, is renaled in minion Rlll"'ry Reri(>s. 2s. ,Yorld Do- minion Pn·ss: Lonloll. 19~6. their titles. The first two haw maps Our Parish in India. Tsa bel Brown Rose. ~nd statistics, brief rpyiews of the 191 Pl'. $1.;30. Flem;llg II. Renn. Xcw York. ]926. situation from a Christian "i(''point A Short Introduction to the Gospels. ~nd articles by missionaries. Ernest D. Burton anrl Hm'old R Wdl· oughby. ].'56 PI'. $1.,.). l'n;Yersity of The second two, frolll the series 011 Cldcago Press. Ch;cago.

1he "Indigenons Church," dcal with They Who Weave Gold. Silver and Precious Stones. (Dramatizat;ons show;ng ;mportproblems ill DIe natin' e}l1ll'che,~ ill ance of reHg;ous education of children). ~Iartha Race. 43 Pl'. 2.) cents. Pilgrim North China and India. They are Press. Boston. 1926.

worthy of study. • NEW BOOKS Grace H. Dodge. B;ograph:·. Abbie fhnham. 3:;9 pp. $2.00, Yoman '8 Press. );ew York. 1926.

Funds and Friends. Seeend Pdnting. Horne Missions Council Annual Report, Tolman Lee. 138 pp. *1..30. Woman 'H 1926. Home )Ess;ons Couned. 156 l"ifth Press. );ew York. 1923. Avemw, Xew York.

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You Want to Know About Mohammedans?

Read These Coming Articles by Those Who Know They will appear in the October number and subsequent issues of THE MISSIONARY ~~WORLD The Moslem World of Today Samuel M. Zwemer Editor of the Moslelll World· and General .Missil)nary to Moslems Modern Moslems Breakin,$ Away from Tradition James L. Barton Author of '".A- Christian Approach to Islam:': Secy. of the American Board ..~-, ,.

The Rise and Fall..,f I s l a m ! : 1 . · ~~ Julius Richter All1110r of "History ~.f PNlte*;t .Missions in the Near East" Some Present Day Problems and Hinarll~c~~ G. H. Naish Council of Christian Missions in the Near East What Educated Moslems Think of Christianity E. H. Philips Missionary of the Cnited Presbyterian Church in Egypt Outstanding Moslem Converts to Christ Bishop J. H. Linton Church ~rissiol1ary Society Influence of the West on Moslem Life and Thought Basil Mathews Sec. vVorld's Alliance (If the YOllllg Men's Christian A"ociatioll, Gene'a Results of Apostasy in Islam E. Morris Wherry From Mohammed 'to Christ Formerly ~[issiollary to India Habib Yusufji Mohammedan Com'ert Mohammedan Boys and Girls J. Kingsley Birge Formerly Professor in International Colleg"e, Stuy-rna, Turkey Literature for Mohammedans-Moslem and Christian M. T. Titus 'Missionary 01 11ethodist Episcopal Chltrch in India The Christian Approach to Moslems W. Wilson Cash, D.S.O.

Church )dissiullary Sucidy, London Ways of Working Among Moslems Lucie G. Owen Touring African Stations, British and Foreign Bible Society Yith Photographic Illustrations. :'Iaps, and Charts T{'rite today for copies of the Octoba Humber to the MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBUSHING COMPANY 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City 25 cents a copy. $20.00 a hunured copies. $2.50 a year.

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1924

HARTFORD

PRESIDEXT DANJO EBI~'~-A) of the Doshish~, SEMINARY FOUNDATION :It'eompnll1ed by Hpy, .leI'OnJ:' C. H()ln~('s, of Kyoto is ,-isiting the l:nite<l States ]]j the Hartford, Conn. jlltere~ts of the uniyersity. W. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, President HEV. BHENTO:N T. BADLEY, D.D., -whu YaH horn in India tl11cl has been for tWPllty-fnUl' Theological Seminary years eng:1g'ecl ill missionary Rel'yj(:(, thpl'cJ Dean. M. W. Jacobus is the new (?ditol' of the Indian TITitU{'.';s. School of Religious Pedagogy RE.v. ERXEST nr. HIGGs, AHSOe1atc ~('(:l'l~­ Dean, E. H. Knight tary oi thr American Roanl. :~ft(>r :!ttcll~llllg the Neal' E:Hlt Coufcrences thls sIn'lllg', IS tu Kennedy School of Missions yisit tho Afr)('(1 ~r.issions of 11 is ]Jo<lrd. Dean. E. W. Capen "'fRS. HELE'" B.tRRI<TT C'lloXTGo)]ERY has Through these associated schools Hartford offers completed :.L new translation uf the ~O' full training for Testament, vhieh is to be widely used by the Baptists in the League of New Testa· 1. The Christian Ministry. ment Reude1's "yhil'h they are orgalllzmg. 2. Religious Education and Social Service. 3. The Foreign Field. REV. 'V3I. A. 'l'HO~[AS, of Point Hope, Alaska the most northel'll station of the Each school has its indepenuent faculty and its Episcopal Church, has )'eceived a gift of " own institutional life and together they form one mdio set, which it is expected will keep IUlll interdenominational institution with the unity of a in daily touch ,,-ith the rnited ~·ltates. common aim and spirit. through Seattle. The plan for a group of eight buildings for the BISHOP H01fER C. STUNTZ, of the :II. E. Foundation, including dormitories, library, chapel, Church, suffet'ed from a serious stl'Oke of gymnasium. as well as separate buildings for each apoplexy wllile in :lliami, Fla., the llliddle of school, is being carried out. The first of th~se -.b-'ebruary. He is sillce T('pOl'H'd ROlllf'whnt LJl1ilding~, the Vomen's Dormitory, is now occupIed impl'oved. under d-irection of the Dean of 'omen. !'Irs. Lester McLean. Jr. JOH)[ .. :lIAcK.n:, Al'chden('oll of IllditHi :lfissions iu the Diocese of Saskatdtewan, Cnnada, hfts tUed nftC"l' 11101'(' than sixtl~ yeaTs of yol'k alllong the Cree' Indians. '

THE HOME MISSION BOARDS The .Toint COllf(~rellce 8f the Home :Ilk TIle oldest Immigrant's :-;,ions Conncil awl the COl1llcil of ~01l1ell fOl' BIble ,,-"':;oc/('/y Bible Home )Iisslons yhieh met in ~'tlantic City, in New York .1 anuaq 14th to 16th, p""sed ullallilllollsi y and the onl), T HERE is no better Christhe following l'ccOlnmel1t1atiow"I: one dtstribut- tian and Americaniz:;tio.o ing BtbLes work than the free dlstrt- J. That the C0111mittees Oll tile :lltSSIOKIRY FREE in tile bution of Bibles to the immi- RE'~IEY OF THE VORLD of thi? two COl1urils City and Ilar- grants who reach our shores he unitc(l to form nlle joint standing COlll- bor of New daily, mittee. York. The work of circulating the Bi- 2. That the COUlh,ils CXPl'i..'HS ag'ain tlwil' ble, in 53 languages, aro.ong rippreriation of the ynlne of the REY1.EY a.., these potential citizens, bnngs nn rdueationnl Hntl insphatioual Ol'g-fln (If far reaching results. the ('anse of Home }IissiollR. Your donation will help in this 3. That the re~ollltions ac1opt('(l luRt Yi..'ar no ble work and at the same be reaffirmed and that Boards be urged to time may establish a life income rurry ont still mOl'r; fully anc1 ('>fi'ectiw'ly from your investment accord.. thOS8 re~wlutions by making financial ap- ing to the annuity plan. propriations to the }lEVIEW, by helping- to axtoml the circulation and by furnishing' LEARN HOW GENEROSITY HOlne }fissioll' 11€WS and articles. ACTUALLY PAYS CASH DIVIDENDS The ne'iY CJlll1nittee app()inted to l'CPl'("- Write lor Booklet No. 1 sent tho t'o Councils on tho -;fISSIOX.'RY REVIEW OF THE VVORLD for the present year New York Bible Society ore the following: :;VIrs. E. e. Cronk, Glw'r· man; Dr. ,Tohn lIIeDowell, :;VIrs.•Tohn Fergu- 5 East 48th St. New York City son, Dr. Cha)']es L. ·White, :;VII'S. O. R. Jud(l, Dr. Samu<'l L. Loomis, Mr. Jay S. StowelL This committee meets with the Editorial Conncil of tlle REVIEW quarterly to discuss editorial plans.

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For full details address George M. Fowles, Treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 150 Fihh Avenue. New York. N. Y.• or W. J. Elliott, Treasurer of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 170 I Arch Street. Phaadeiphia. Pa.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Editot CONTENTS FOR APRIL, 1924 Page COVER ILLUSTRATION . GREAT HI~DU TEMPLE AT TIRUVANNAMAI,AI, SoUTH INDIA FRONTISPIECE …………………….. CAClQVE INDIANS OF PERU ApPEALING TO THE MISSIONARIES OF THE Ev.~NGEL1CAI. UNION OF SOUTH AMERICA FOR HELP EDITORIALS ………………………….••…….•………••…….•.. 245 REOENT CHANGES IN INDIA A PROPHECY FOR INDIA ALL INDIA CHRISTIAN CONFERENC'E EVIDENCES OF ANSWERED PRAYER RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN AUSTR..LIA JESUS CHRIST IN THE THINKING OF ASIA .. , .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 TESTIMONY FROM INDIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , " …….. PROFES~OR YOH.N MASIH TES'~IMONY J'ROM JAPAN …………………………. DEAN H. IIATANAKA TES~'IMONY FROM CHINA …………………………………. Y. Y. Tsu ON THE RAILS WITH CHAPEL CARS …………………. SAMUEL G. NElL 262 A story of a new type of cwcuU riding de luxe in churchle.•s parishes.

THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY A'f CAIRO ………. WILLHM BANOROFT HILL 269 The story of the great mission and work of the l!eW Chri..tian Univel'sity in the intellectual capital of the Moglem world.

IF I WERE A YOUNG MISSIONARY IN KOREA . . . . . . . . . . . . BY Yl SANG CHOI 276 A HINDU VIEW OF JESUS CHRIST …………………………………. 277 THE AWAKENING OF CHINESE SOULS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MAR, F. PARMENTER 278 Gr;,pping life stories of Chinese girls who (we study·~rtg to help awaken their sisters.

THE NEGLECTED INDIAN OF BOLIVIA AND PERU .. WEBSTER E.BooWNING 287 Observations on a recent tour in unoc&upied fields in Latin America.

JAMES I. GOOD, ENLARGER OF THE KINGDOM …. ALLEN R. BARTHOLOMEW 289 OPEN DOORS IN LATIN AMERICA ………………. II. AND S. B. STRACHAN 291 The.. need for E'rotcstant iti~era.t-ing evange~'ist8, .•howl! by a ..tudy of unocoopieii areas.

BEST METHODS FOR COUNTRY CHURCHF.S ….. EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK 293 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN …… EDI1'ED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 299 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BUI,LETIN …. EDITED BY SAR.AH H. POLHEMUS 302 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 306 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY 323 TERMS: $2.50 It year. ($!tOO in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 ceuts. Siugle copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1924, by MISSIONARY REvIEW PUBLISHING CoMPJ.NY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONAR.Y R.EVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

Robert E. Speer, President Willam I. Chamberlain, Vice-President Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary Publication omce, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Editorial ~"Jt~u8~Ce~~<rmI~~, y;:s;rfih Avenue, Pa. 25c a copy $2,50 a year New York CIQ'

Entered aa second-cIa•• matter at the Post Omce. Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3. 1879. "By the Blessing of God "I ascribe to Bible study the help and strength which I have had from God to pass in peace through deeper trials in various ways than I had ever had before; and after having now above fourteen years tried this way, I can most fully, in the fear of God, commend it. . . . A man has deprived himself of the best there is in the world who has deprived himself of intimate knowledge of the Bible."-Woodrow Wt/son.'

Systematic, Prayerful Bible Study ~ves that knowledge of God and mali without which real success in life is never attainable. It g-ives uplift, inspiration, refreshment, streng-th, courag-e, wisdom, breadth of vision, spiritual enthusiasm, and power with God and men.

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Me~~s ~: b~::era:i~ :~~l;:'~s n~~rFiiJi:d::d ;!ild~h! B~~!ebRfi~!I1Ie in the greati6e.. trines of the Christian, falth.

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personal pupil; time. place and amount of study under your ChrIstian Evlden_ •••an. old l!Iubject brQvcht llpto dDte~ own control. The Scofield· Bible . HI often mention in lIlY sermons." says a letter from a Meth- Corresponden~e CoUrse odist minister. Hthat a Correspondence Course from the Moody Bible Institute has been of far greater value to me ••••cholarIY. cf)mPr~ben&tV"e, ~e8ted than all my Bible and theoloeieal work in coll_." ~:~LpON for 8 qua..:te.. of a century, and , ..ken alreMly b)H3.000 Btudentll~;. ~~t~l~c~~r::~~~g:n~dr~~~s ~'::a~~!::tbe:th TODAY r – – d:~:sfC~':r~.:"'~:~-:,~ci:'f'rl:;d~: ~~:!s::: =~ -MAIL THE COUPON TODA y- – –, I THE MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE, I been saved from Christian Sei.nee by same." marvelous I I Another says: HWhat lill'ht I am reo- I Dept. 57&4. 153 Institute Place. Chicaso.. Ill.

eeiving throuch these lessons t (Soofield Course). Send me your prospectus e;iving compi1;te infor· loll&' I I I Lonlir. years I have puzzled oyer thi.Dca in the mation regarding yQtlr eight courses in Cor'espondprec:ious Book that noW' I undentand." ence Bible Study. The Moody Bible Institute I II Dept. 5784 Name ……………………………………:….

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C.ACIQUE INDIANS OF PERU APPEALING TO THE MISSIONARIES OF THE EVANGELICAL UNION OF SOUTH AMERICA FOR

MISSIONARY

EVlEW'

VOL. APRIL, 1924 NUMBER XLVII FOUR RECENT CHA~G~JS IN INDIA D URING the past six years India has passed through the period of post-war disillusionment and adjustment, accom- panied by anti–Western feeling in nation and in church, strong influences from Moslem Turkey and Bolshevist Rlussia, the development of the remarkable personal influence of Mahatma Gandhi, and the experiences of reform in politics and of development of responsibility in the Christian Church.

Today, says the Rev. Alden H. Clark, of Almednagar,* anti- Western feeling is not so apparent as it was in the days of the Swadeshi movement of 1907-08. Everywhere I have found the oldtime courtesy and appreciation of Western cooperation. On the other hand, it is evident that what had been in 1907-08 often a wild and angry assertion of Indian rights, and has in a period since sometimes expressed itself in bomb-throwing and rioting, has now settled into a quiet, insistent purpose to gain full control of every aspect of India's life, political, economic, religious. That is perhaps the outstanding aspect of the situation today. Politically this has shown itself in the sweeping victory of the Swaraj, or radical party, over the moderates in recent elections. Religiously both Hinduism and Mohammedanism are becoming more aggressive. It is a new thing for Hindus to reach out and try to win Mohammedans and Christians.

Alongside of their new aggressiveness for Hinduism and Mohammedanism there is among non-Christian Indians a marked increase in reverence for Christ and appreciation of his teaching. He is more and more recognized as one of the greatest leaders and often as· the greatest religious leader of the world. Mahatma Gandhi's open reverence for Christ and recognition of his debt to him has spread the influence of Jesus broadcast in India.

The Christian movement reflects the general situation in India.

.. In The OongregationaU8t.

In some districts the extreme period of strained and difficult personal relations seems to have passed and the air to have been cleared for closer and more cordial cooperation. The process of Indianization has made marked progress. Now the General Councils of Indians and missionaries meet to settle questions of mission policy and work. Indians sit with equal voice and vote with the missionaries and form about one-third of the voting membership. Similarly, the work in each station is now controlled by a station council in which the number of Indian members may equal the number of missionaries. The Representative Councils of Missions, which were powerful Protestant bodies in the different provinces of India and were predominantly Western, are now transformed into Christian Councils, in which the Indian Church is fully represented and in which at least half the members must be Indians.

Not only in missions but also in the Indian Church are there indications of growing Indianization. Indian Christians are identifying themselves more with their non-Christian fellow Indians in politics, education, business and religion. This movement contains its dangers, for Christians who have no deep personal experience of. the living Christ and no firm grasp of the distinctive and essential elements in the Christian program in some cases are carried back into Hinduism in their desire to identify themselves with the culture of their country. The president of the Christian Association of Bombay has surprised his Christian friends by openly proclaiming himself a Hindu. Yet anyone who has had experience of the wonderful response to Christ of such typical Indians as the late Rev. N. V. Tilak, Sadhu Suudar Singh, and many others besides can never doubt for one moment that Keshub Chander Sen was right in saying "N0 one but Christ is worthy to wear the diadem of India and he shall have it."

Mr. Clark believes that the situation is more promising than ever before for true and lasting Christian development. The missionary is now less of a director and more of a cooperator with the Indian Christian; less of a "father" and more of a brother. There is an increasingly close identification of Christians and of Christ with the changing, surging life of India.

ALIJ INDIA CHRISTIAN CONFERENCE The more important resolutions passed at the All-India Christian Conference held at Bangalore (December 27-28) related to Indians in America, Prohibition, Hindu-Moslem Unity and Church Union. They were as follows: I-(a) This Conference hears with some satisfaction that the recent decision of the Supreme High Court of U. S. A. denying rights of citizenship to domiciled Indians in that country was not based on any inherent implication of the National Constitutioll of that-country,

EDITORIAL COMMENT

but on Immigration Laws which are comparatively more easily changeable.

(b) This Conference considers that a change in the Immigration Laws of America, with a view to remove this disability, is necessary in the interests of international good-will founded on mutual recognition of equality of citizenship.

(c) In the opinion of this Conference the continuance of this disability will affect adversely the work of the Christian Church in this land and particularly that of the American Missions. . The Conference therefore urges the National Christian Council to place this matter before the Christian Church in America through the International Missionary Council and various Home Boards, in cooperation with the Executive Committee of this Conference.

II-(a) In the opinion of this Conference the total prohibition of sale and manufacture of alcoholic liquors and other intoxicating drugs should be the aim of all temperance reformers in this country. It welcomes, however, Local Option bills passed by some of the Provincial Legislatures as a forward step towards the attainment of this ideal, and trusts that imported foreign spirits will be also speedily brought within the ope-ration of such legislation.

(b) The Conference pledges itself to cooperate with every effort in this regard, and urges the Provincial Indian Christian Associations to do the same.

III-(a) The Conference deeply deplores the tragic extent to which communal and sectarian differences have expressed themselves in the recent months and have become a serious obstacle to any na-. tionaI progress in India.

(b) It urges every Indian Christian to do his utmost in cooperation with Hindus and Moslems to work towards national unity.

(c) It strongly recommends that a Conference be arranged of representatives from various communities for the purpose of ascertaining clearly the real difficulties of the different communities and of arriving at solutions that will be permanently effective.

(d) The Executive of the All-India Council of Indian Christians as representing a minority body which, while in full sympathy with the aspiration of the great communities for mutual concord, is itself disinterested will be prepared, if asked, to take tlie initiative in regard to such a Conference.

(e) This Conference wishes to point out that any accentuation of the communal spirit among Indian Christians adds to the difficulties of the situation and makes it still harder for them to assist in its solution.

IV-Resolved that this Conference approves in general the movement toward establishing the Anglican Church in India on an autonomous basis anel also the movement towards Church Union in South India,

A PROPHECY FOR INDIA.

D R. S. K. DATTA, National Y. M. C. A. Secretary for India, re- cently made a visit to Australia, where he sought to improve the understanding between Australians and Indians. He gave several addresses daily and interested university professors and students, the colleges and schools and also the Trades' HaH. One or his hosts, who was greatly impressed by his ability and culture, writes that he "asked him whether after all the years of work of the Christian missionaries many of the high caste and cultured Indians had accepted Christianity. After thought, he replied, 'Very few,' but he added that, for the past two or three generations, the fathers had been saying to their sons, 'Look at these English officials and consider their lives-straightforward, truthful, earnest, laboring to elevate our nation and to organize and uplift it to the high standard of their own. Then look at the missionaries, leading lives of great self-sacrifice without any idea of personal advantage. Indeed, quite the reverseand what for? To teach our people lofty ideals of life. They have something which we have not-some motive which our beliefs have failed to suggest. We want you to cultivate and live up to those ideals. ' He said this had permeated the better classes to such a degree that today 'Buddha is dead.' As to the masses, the untouchables, the religion of Christ was the first that had given them any hope at all. All their own religions doomed them to lowest despair. They were accepting Christianity in the mass, and the principles of the Sermon on the Mount were so moving the mind of India today that the time was certainly coming, and no one could say how soon, when the teachings of Christ would be accepted by all India."

EVIDENCES OF ANSWERED PRAYER T HE foremost need of both the individual Christian, and of the Church, is a revival of believing prayer. The supernatural element in Christianity is being discredited by the modern attempt to reduce all prophecy to shrewd guess work, or conjecture, and to deny miracles or to explain them by the operation of natural laws. This tendency is observable also in the drift of the day with reference to prayer, in practically denying its supernatural, or preternatural, efficacy; and making it simply a moral self-discipline or self-culture, as though one should try to propel his boat by blowing on the sails. This attitude considers prayer as profitable, but effective only on the human side. There is but one way to meet that false view. This is not by an appeal to the Scriptures alone, for it is due, in part, to a false interpretation of the Scriptures; but, if from actual history and from modern experience there can be pointed out such an overwhelming mass of authentic facts as constitutes indisputable evidence of the interposition of God, the faith of the sincere

EDITORIAL COM.l{ENT

and open-minded Christian will be revived; and, the Scriptures will be illumined by testimony. .

The story of Pastor Gossner who, at 63 years of age, began a new evangelization work offers some of the well authenticated in- stances of the triumphs of prayer. There are some men whose work is so vitally connected with supplication to God that their prayer life is a vital part of it. Such men were Franke, Pastor Harms, George Miiller, Hudson Taylor, John Wilkinson, and D. I~. Moody, but of them all, no man depended upon simple prayer more tl1an did Goss- nero He had come out of the Church of Rome, where he was born and educated; he had seen the great truth, "Christ for us-our justification; Christ in us-our sanctification," and was led uncon- sciously into a great missionary career. When he was pastor of the Bethlehem Church in Berlin, three or four simple artisans sought his counsel and aid. They begged that he would at le~st pray with them, though he felt unable to assist them in their missionary projects.

By praying with them, he came into sympathy with them aud so began to help them in planning for service. After their day's work was done, he tallght them the 'Word of God and the truths of Christ.

They went in sole dependence on God for direction and support; and this, unconsciously, became the mark stamped upon the Gossner Mis- sion. His motto was, "Pray ye the Lord o£ the Harvest that he will send forth helpers into the Harvest." Past three score years and at a period of life when most men retire from activc service, he began the work that placed in the field 200 missionaries-male and female -becoming himself, under God, responsible for their activity and support. He said of himself, "I will not ring the beggar's bell, but the prayer bell, instead of asking men, supplicating God." It was said over his open grav.e that "He prayed mission stations into being and missionaries into faith: he prayed open the hearts of the rich, and gold from the most distant lands." Gossner believed in the Spirit of God as the great administrator of missions and soon he had little reliance on human organizations, but he had supreme trust in a prayer-answering God. He did all he could, but he trusted God to direct and order all according to His will. His manual of instruc- tion to his missionaries was less than sixty words: "Believe, hope, love, pray, b1trn, waken the dead! The Lord is coming, and to everyone He will sa.y, 'Where hast thou left the souls of these heathen? With the Devil?' Oh, swiftly seek these souls, and enter not without them into the presence of the Lord.."

The whole history of the Hermannsburg mission under Pastor Harms was also a triumph of faith and prayer. He had little sym- pathy from men: therefore he needed the more sympathy from God.

He had practically no help from men and his extremities shut him up to the help of God. 'When the door was shut on the human side, he knocked at the d:)or of prayer; laid every matter at the foot of

God; and rising from hi! knees at midnight, he seemed to hear a voice saying, "Forward now in the name of God." Never afterward did doubt enter into his mind. At the end of thirty-one years, he had put into the field more than 350 missionaries and at the end of forty years, there had been gathered from the heathen more than 1,300 converts. This was a triumph of prayer. Over and over again, appears the same simple entry upon his books, "I prayed to the Lord Jesus to provide the needed sum." Then at the end of the fiscal year, a similar entry of answered prayer, "I needed last year 15,000 crowns and the Lord gave me 60 more. This year, I needed double and the Lord has given me 140 over." Pastor Harms has proved what a single man with his church can do in simple dependence upon the prayer of faith.

The Rev. John Wilkinson, so famous for his work among the Jews, was another example of the power of prevailing supplication. His motto was that" all blessing comes in the path of obedience; that we have only to do the will of God in God's time and way and he will take care of his end of the enterprise."

Hudson Taylor was another great hero of faith. He made no public or private solicitation for funds, not even by politely publishing the donor's names, nor did he promise definite support to the missionaries. They, like himself, were to depend on God for supplies.

These are only a few of the many examples of missions which have had their birth and growth clearly throngh the power of prayer.

RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN AUSTRALIA* REV. LINLEY V. GORDON, the Associate Secretary of the World Alliance for International :H'riendship, who has recently returned from a trip of six months to Australia, his old homeland, writes that religious conditions in Australia differ in many respects from those prevailing in America. The first striking thing is the comparatively small number of denominations. The numerical strength of the several constituencies officially recorded is as follows: Anglicans, 2,106,413; Roman Catholics, 1,069,260; Presbyterians, 593,274; Methodists, 566,006; Congregationalists, 63,144; Baptists, 81,495; Church of Christ, 50,000. The Anglicans far outnumber the other denominations, a condition that is due in part to the predominant population of English people in the country.

A~other outstanding difference is that there is no paranel in Australia to the Home and Foreign Mission Boards in America. Up to 1904, each state in Australia was a separate colony having independent connection with the British Crown. There was no such thing as free trade between the states. "With the arrival of federalism came the sweeping away of all tariff barriers between the several

192~] EDITORIAL COMMENT

states. Rivalry and interstate friction have been abolished and the states are now thinking politically in a large, federal way. This is not true, however, religiously in which respect there is a lack of continental vision. Political federation came gradually and religious federation must also come by degrees.

Most of the states now have their Council of Churches-Victoria, South Australia, West Australia and Tasmania. The Victorian Council is the strongest and has done its best work in evangelical campaigns. It has laid emphasis on the question of Lord's Day observance and is interested in public questions.. These councils include all the Protestant evangelical bodies with the exception of the Anglicans. There is need for closer cooperation between the churches.

The ecclesiastical forces of Australia have done very little thus far in applying the Gospel to the social needs of the age. The social problem has rapidly come to the front, and so far the churches have not been able to speak as one voice against the evils in the land. For instance, Australia's drink bill last year was twenty-eight million pounds, but there is no united voice of the Church raised against the traffic. The Church is playing a great part in the crusade against the drinking saloons, but the temperance movement in the Church has lacked driving force for want of a united voice on the subject.

Another thing that prevents Australia from coming into the social realm with her religious strength is that there is scarcely any foreign element within her borders. Racially they are a united peo- ple. Eighty-six per cent are British born. The Scotch, Welsh, Irish and English have been well blended. This fact has not called for any large attention by the Church to diverse social and racial needs.

Many vigorous efforts have been made to achieve Christian unity, especially during the last ten years. The Christian unity movement in Australia reached its high-water mark during the war, so that Presbyterians, Methodists and Congregationalists were in joint conferences. When the war closed a slump came, and the movement died out. Two conferences have been held to consider the Lambeth proposals, four great bodies participating, but the old obstacle of reordination was not overcome. 'l'here has been a recrudescence ·of denominationalism, especially since the conferences on unity have not yielded as much as was hoped.

The Australian preachers have to wrestle with rna.ny problems in addition to the ecclesiastical. Apathy and indifference to high ideals prevail and Protestant ministers are obliged to wage constant war against horseracing, gambling, social unchastity and the legalized liquor traffic, in addition to their endeavor to bring the individual to a full sense of his personal responsibilitv to God and personal loyalty to J eSllS ChriRt. '.

Christ in the Thinking of

Addresses at the Foreign llfissions Conference at Atlantic City, J antlMY, .19:24 A Testimony from Indi..

BY PROFESSOR YOHAN MASIH, INDORE COLLEGE, INDIA I HAIL from India, that great country whose civilization dates back at least three thousand years, which claims the highest mountain peak in the whole world; a country in which have lived sages and hermits, men of meditation and prayer, who spent their lives over the problems relating to God and to human life. At present the country is best known as the land of Mahatma Gandhi and of passive resistance against foreign rule…… .

India is, above aU, a religious country with eight well-defined religions and a score of minor faiths and creeds. Though wickedness, idolatry, priestcraft and superstition abound in India, the whole history of .Hinduism, through errors and blindness, is a search after God.

But a new day is dawning in India. A few years ago, one of the prominent non-Christian judges said, "India is being converted; the ideas that lie at the heart of the Gospel are slowly but steadily permeating the whole of Hindu society, modifying every phase of Hindu thought. " Today idolatry is being shaken. Educated young men and women do not speak in the terms of idolatry. There is also a strong movement among the Hindus themselves against caste. The old orthodox party is' still very strong; yet the sentiment against the idea of untouchability is growing formidable. Some day this great stronghold of Hinduism will tumble down.

Another movement going on in India is the great awakening among the women. They are tired of being kept behind the purdah, or within the four walls of a home. When the political agitation began, the men were arrested and thrown into prison, a number of ladies of noble family and high caste came out of their seclusion and appeared on the public streets and on the public platforms, pleading for the rights of their country and for their own rights. They have started an All India Woman's Conference. A few months ago, a meeting was held and many resolutions were passed, one of them asking the Government to raise the minimum age of girls for marriage to fifteen years. They are also fighting for prohibition in India. Among our native states, only one, the State of Bhopal, is ruled by a woman. Two years back the Begum prohibited the manufacture or sale of liquor in her territory.

Non-Christian India has come to realize also that a great injustice has been done to its daughters and wives in denying them edu- 252 cation. Day schools are now overflowing and new schools are coming into being. In the higher schools and colleges of today are nearly 50,000 students; there are nearly 8,000,000 boys and girls in different schools, secondary and primary; one sixth of the total number are in institutions controlled by missionaries.

But the greatest fact about India today is this: India hails Jesus Christ as supreme. India has come to believe that He is the only hope for the solution of its problems. When the leaders of the noncooperative party wanted to compare Mr. Gandhi with the world's highest, noblest and best, they did not compare him with Buddha, the founder of Buddhism; or with any of the Hindu deities, or with Mohammed, the prophet of Islam. They placed him next to Jesus Christ as the only Person Who stands unique in the whole world. Mr. Gandhi, himself, in his non-cooperation campaign against the government, freely quoted from the teachings of Jesus Christ in the New Testament to convince the people that his campaign was right and just.

The opposition non-Christian party, whose leaders did not agree with Mr. Gandhi, also freely used the New 'restament and the teachings of Jesus Christ to prove that the non-cooperation campaign would bring only disaster. At a most critical time in the history of their people these two non-Christian parties based their appeal straight on Jesus Christ as the unquestionable Source of unassailable truth.

When Mr. Gandhi was sent to prison, there appeared the next day in one of the radical daily papers an article, written by a non- Christian lady, which was quoted in a number of other non-Christian dailies and weeklies, and was translated into many other vernaculars. Its caption was "The arrest and trial of Mr. Gandhi parallels the arrest and trial of Jesus Christ." When the non-Christian public saw that, it wanted to know who J esns Christ was, why He was arrested, why He was sentenced to death, why He suffered on the Cross. And a study of His life and teachings began among many who had previously ignored Christian teaching.

Some missionaries have said that when they visited Mr. Gandhi's Asharam, where he had started a national school for boys and girls, they heard the pupils singing the hymn, "When I Survey the W on- drous Cross," and the other hynm, "In the Cross of Christ I Glory." The teacher told them that these two hymns were favorites with Mr. Gandhi. There you have a non-Christian man training non-Christian boys and girls in sublime teachings about Christ and His Cross. These men and their pupils may not come out and be baptized, mak- ing public confession as followers of Jesus Christ, but in their heart of hearts they will know there is only One in Whose hands lies the destiny of the whole world.

A new day is dawning in India as its people learn to use the Bible. A Vice-Chancellor of Calcutta University, a prominent non- Christian leader, in a recent address, said: "If you ask what is the most powerful influence that has entered my life to shape it, I will tell you it is the Bible." A Hindu professor in the Hindu University in Benares at a public meeting made this confession, "There has been no other such character in human history as Jesus Christ." The Maharajah of Travancore once said, "It is the Christian's Bible that sooner or later will work out the regeneration of India." It is the harbinger of a new day when an Indian thinker in a non-Christian journal can write these words, "If ever there was a time when the educ~ted Indian has consciously paid homage to Jesus Christ, it is in the year 1922."

An Englishman in the retired Indian Civil Service tried to show in an article, not long ago, that this whole revolt in India was against Christian civilization. Non-Christian leaders, one after another, took up the matter and answered him by saying that the revolt was not against Christian civilization, but against unchristian civilization. They made such statements as these: "At no other time in India has there been a more lively appreciation of Christ and His character than today. Many of her children are turning their eyes to the cross, the centrality of which tragedy in the world's history is beginning to grip them with romantic power."

Never in the history of Christian missions in India was there a more serious study of the life and teachings of Jesus Christ than today. Every action of the British Government is judged according to His standards. Every resolution passed by the League of Nations or in the Imperial Conference is judged according to His teachings~ One missionary, who goes over the whole country working among educated Indians, non-Christians and college students, declares that there was a time, twenty, fifteen or ten years back, when the name of Jesus would be hissed by non-Christian students. Now the situation has wholly changed. Questions of this type are asked of him: "How can one be a Christian 7" or "Is baptism necessary 1" When he went to Nagpur to work among the educated classes there, he found that because of a great flag agitation some 1,200 young men had been arrested and thrown into prison. The presiding magistrate told him that when these 1,200 were allowed to choose a limited number of things which they might take with them into prison, about 300 chose the New Testament. But should anyone ask them "Understandest thou what thou readestf" the answer would have to be given, "How can I, except some one should guide me r" There are only eighteen missionaries working in India for everyone million of population. Are they enough to evangelize that numbed This same missionary said: "I have found by actual experience that where there have been great political agitations, there the men

1924J JESUS CHRIST IN 'fHE THINKING OF ASIA

are most interested in the presentation of the Gospel." Mr. Gandhi, before he went to prison, sent a message to the youth of India, asking them to study the life and teachings of Jesus Ohrist, and to try to follow those teachings. Non-Ohristian India is seriously considering whether Jesus Christ can not really solve India's problems.

Only a few months ago, one of the most prominent non-Ohristian journalists of India made a public plea like this: "There are many eminent non-Ohristians who .turn for guidance in the perplexing problems of national life to the teachings of Ohrist. India earnestly hopes that the great body of Ohristian missionaries in this land, will stand by her in her endeavor to apply the central teachings of Christ to her national life."

That is the plea of non-Christian India. What answer win you give? Nowhere in the world today is the church progressing so rapidly as in India. According to the last Government census report, the total population of India had increased by 1.2%, but the Chris- tian population during the same period had increased by 22.64% and now number four and three-quarter millions.

In the A~ts of the Apostles it is related that in one day three thousand were baptized. VI/e have given that day the name of "The Day of Pentecost," the day of the outpouring of the Holy Spirit. God's people and churches have been praying since then for fresh days of Pentecost, when there shall be outpourings of the Holy Spirit, but how few are rendering thanks to the Almighty for the days of Pentecost which are common today in India: During the past ten years there have been baptized, on an average, over 7,000 every month. On every Sunday an average of 1,830 have been solemnly recognized as Christian believers; and thousands have been refused even as inquirers, because there were no men to train them and no money to engage more workers. People have been knocking at the door for entrance into the Church of Ohrist and it has been shut against them. Only eighteen missionaries among one million population! God is working, but we must remember, with sadness, that the great mass_ of the middle classes are still untouched by the Gospel.

Little provision has been made to reach these non-Christians of the middle class in the large cities and towns. Vast numbers have come from the untouchables, and many highly educated men and women have been reached, but millions of people are still pagans. Thousands of villages even today have never hea~d the name of Jesus Ohrist. Thousands of men and women have never heard the Gospel. That is the condition at present in India. It is a great opportunity j God has opened wide the door. There are manifold adversaries, old false ideas, priestcraft, and caste, will all make a great fight. But God is with this work and who can shut the door that He has opened?

Some of us have been greatly distressed during the last few YtJars over the type of some missionaries sent out. India does not

need men and women from Europe and America to go to teach her people how to play billiards, nor do we need missionaries who merely tell India that Jesus Christ is one of the great teachers of the world. India has yearned for centuries ror the vision of the Great God. "Blessed are the pure in heart for they shall see God." It is a new heart that India requires, a transformation of life and character. Who can give that to India except a divine Saviour? Send us missionaries who are not ashamed of the Gospel of Jesus Christ; who are not ashamed of the Cross; men and women who are living in close personal touch with the Master; men and women who have sat at His reet. They will meet India's needs.

A Testi:mony from Japan BY REVEREND DEAN H. HATANAKA, KOBE COLLEGE, KOBE, JAPAN The Christian churches in Japan, with missionary cooperation, have placed Christ in the thinking of the Japanese people; so that today there are 4,667 Christian workers throughout the country. Some of these leaders have made a deep impression upon the hearts of the people of my country. Some are statesmen. Mr. Katoka, who served as the speaker or the Japanese Parliament for two terms, thought it a greater honor to be a deacon in his church than to be the Speaker of the Lower House.

Mr. Shimada, who died a few months ago after a rorty year political career, said: "For these forty years I have acted with a clean conscience."

Mr. Ebara, a leader of the Christians of Japan, an honored member of the Parliament for many years, was held in such high esteem that when he spoke to the House its members forgot the distinctions of political parties. When we think of these Christian statesmen who ha~e come out of our churches, having been in contact with Jesus Christ, and the impressions they made upon the people of my country, we cannot doubt that .Tesus Christ today occupies a very important position in the thinking of the .Japanese.

But our churches have not only produced many Christian workers and statesmen, they have also produced many leading scholars. In any of the leading magazines of Japan today, you will find names such as Uchigasaki, Yoshino, Abo, Morimoto, all men who have accepted Jesus Christ as their Saviour. Today they are the most influential journalists in Japan. These influential Christian Japanese make an impressive exhibit of the place of Jesus Christ in the thought of Japan today.

Our churches, small and weak as they are, ha~e caught an educational ~ision for our people. Today there are twenty-one Christian boys' high schools, thirty-fi~e girls' high schools, six colleges for men and nine colleges for women in Japan. There are two hundred

JESUS CHRIST IN THE THINKIKG OF ASIA

and thirty-four Christian kindergartens located in almost every city of Japan. Not only have our churches caught this educational vision, but they have increased the churches until they number 1,615 besides 864 preaching places; they have raised the number of Sunday-schools to 2,820, with 8,184 Sunday-school teachers. Then they have caught the vision of bringing other men to Jesus Christ. In 1922 over 11,000 men and women united with our churches whose membership runs up to 200,000. It is reported that 400,000 people in Japan receive Christian instruction throug'h the different churches and Sundayschools. We cannot well calculate the full influence that Christ is directly exercising over the men and women of my country. But in addition, the churches are bringing Jesus Christ into contact with the natives through many philanthropic and humanitarian movements.

I think of those courageous women in Japan, Mrs. Yajima, who was at the vVashington Conference on the Reduction of Armaments; Mrs. Kubursiro, Miss Moriya and Mrs. Heyashi of Osaka. They are determined to wipe out those prostitute quarters which are found in our great ci~ies in Japan. A decree prohibiting them within the city limits of Tokyo will be wholly due to the hard work of these women, backed by the women of all our churches. I think of the many children who lost their parents during the earthquake, and of the "George Miiller" of Japan, Mr. Ishii, who, having come in contact with Jesus Christ, gave his life to work for orphans.

A third man, who caught a vision through .Jesus Christ of the abolition of the liquor traffic in Japan is Mr. Aoki, who has given most of his property for this cause and is giving himself and his time. Mr. Arima, a Christian man, is at the head of the prison in Tokyo. After the earthquake, the walls of that prison fell down but not one of the prisoners ran away. Everyone reported to him. Why~ Jesus Christ dwells in the heart of Mr. Arima, and every prisoner had come to have a profound trust in him. Of the men employed today in the social schemes of the Government, many have come out of our Christian churches. Perhaps the progress of the Japanese churches has not been as rapid as we might wish, yet during the last fifty years the Christian churches have accomplished a great deal.

Jesus Christ is also working today outside of our churches in~ Japan. In the last few years the best selling books have been the books that deal with Christ or Christianity. There are many books dealing with Christian themes, many of them written by non-Christians. The entire Sermon on the Mount has been placed in one of the High School textbooks, recognized by the Government. This textbook is used all over the country. Moreover, in four of the leading newspapers in Osaka and Tokyo, during the last two years, have been published serial novels written by non-Christian men, yet having Christian men among their chief characters. In one of them Mr.

:I

Uchimura, a well-known Christian in Japan, is the chief character. Newspaper men do not use stories of this kind if they are not sure that they will take well with their readers. Many films thrown on the screens of movies today in Japan give the stories of such books as "Quo Vadis," "Les Miserables" and the "Life of Christ." Even Buddhists show an interest in the Christ. It was my privilege to have four Buddhist priests in my church in Kyoto, Sunday after Sunday; they were earnest seekers of Jesus Christ and were ready to know more about Him.

But if all these things are true, why is it that Christianity has not won Japan¥ "Why cannot the churches make greater progress with such a deep interest in Christ everywhere ¥' , As I was leaving Japan to come to America, one of the girls in Kobe College asked me, "How can I come into contact with a vital Christ, who will give me a compelling power with others ~" She knew about the life of Jesus Christ and about Christianity as taught in Sunday-school or in church, yet she was still trying to get hold of a transforming Christ who would empower her to act in right fashion. She is typical of many Japanese young men and women today who know about Christ, but who are looking for a Saviour so real that His authority is absolute over life. Such a Christ we need today in Japan, a Christ who can control the group life and the life of the nation, as well as of individuals. Weare looking for a Christ who is not only interested in our spiritual life, but who takes interest in our business dealings, and in our social life. We are looking for a Christ who unifies, not One who is divided by denominational barriers, but One who helps us to look upon non- Christian peoples with love. We are looking for a Christ whom the Japanese can call their own and who need not be grafted upon the nation from outside. Japan today is looking for a Christ who will take her people where we are and will enter into their lives to strengthen them.

As a Christian of Japan, I think of her seventy millions, all guided by different interests. If we could prove to them, by our own personal lives, by our group life, by our efficiency as a part of Japan's national life, that Jesus Christ can control not only individuals, classes and churches, but nations, we might unify those seventy million people Wld secure their allegiance to Jesus Christ. They might work along many distinct lines, they might follow a great variety of purposes, but with full loyalty to Jesus Christ on the part of all, this would become a different world.

A Testimony from (lhina.

BY Y. Y. TSTJ, NEW YORK Secretary of the Chinese Students Christian Association in North America About two years ago I visited one of the great centers of Buddhism in North China. Above the plains of Shantung Province,

JESUS CHRIST IN THF. THINKING OF ASIA

there rises a great mountain called Taishan, six thousand feet high. Every year in the springtime, hundreds of thousands of pilgrims, men and women and children, go there from all parts of China. One Sunday, at six o'clock in the morning, I reached Tai-An, the little city nestling at the foothills, and, by a coincidence, I heard bells ringing, not the temple bells, but the bells of a church calling Christians to worship. I directed my wheel-barrow man to take me to the place where the bells were ringing and there I found a little white-stone church, inside of which was a group of Christians, and at the altar a clergyman.

That afternoon, I climbed the mountain and on the top found beautiful temples, ornate equipment and comfortably robed priests. I contrasted these with the little church down in the valley amidst the dust and the smoke of a busy city, ministering to the needs of its population. The two religions presented themselves before my thought in their characteristic attitudes, one standing aloof from the world, trying to reach out after God by quiet meditation; the other, down in the valley, trying to practice the presence of God among men.

What is the objective of the missionary enterprise in China and in other non-Ohristian lands? On the mountain top I forgot entirely about the fine schools, under the auspices of mission Boards, and the hospitals, the social service work, and other forms of missionary service, and thought only of the central task of the Ohurch in Ohina as the task of ministering to the spiritual needs of the Chinese.

The Christian mission schools, in one of which I was educated, have produced leaders and statesmen who are playing a great part in the regeneration of my country. The hospitals, with their devoted doctors and nurses, are doing great work in cleaning up our towns and our bodies, in making us better able to enjoy the life God has given us. No candid observer can overlook the charitable institutions and their service performed in the name of Jesus Christ. But on that mountain top that day, with my mind's eye, I saw only the thousands of little churches and chapels scattered throughout China, and recalled the missionaries and the native pastors, ministering to the spiritual needs of my people in four important ways.

First, through Jesus Ohrist we have been led to " see the Father." Neither Buddhism nor Confucianism nor any other non-Ohristian religion has made us see God as our Father. It is only Christ that has brought Him to us in that gracious relationship. The Greek and the Hindu philosophers were seekers after God. But humankind never realized God as a l!-'ather until Christ came. Pantheism, that vague, misty system, tried to lead us to believe that everything is God. At the other extreme a crass and crude polytheism grew out of the attempt to localize God and to embody His likeness in images of stone, or wood, or clay. But when I read that passage where Philip said, "Lord, show us the Father and it sufficeth us," it seems to me

that the apostle not only voiced the spiritual yearnings of his own people, but those of mankind for all ages.

Second, through Jesus Ohrist we have come to know tru:e brotherhood. Undoubtedly, the idea of human brotherhood is found more or less clearly in all religions. You find it in Buddhism, but, because Buddhism failed to spread it throughout humankind, it created a special monastic brotherhood for those who are willing to devote their lives to religion. You find the same idea expressed in. Confucianism, "under heaven one family." The special contribution of Ohristianity is not the thought of brotherhood, but rather the presentation of the source of human brotherhood. Other religions are trying to enjoy the fruit without planting the tree, but Christianity plants a tree from which we can get the fruit. As Bishop Brent said, "We cannot know the meaning of the word, 'fraternal,' unless we first know the meaning of the word 'filial.' " We can only understand the meaning of human brotherhood through our sonship in Christ. It was Ohrist alone who said, "Whosoever shall do the will of my Father who is in heaven, the same is my brother and sister and mother." .

Third, Jesus Ohrist has greatly enriched the wellsprings of human sympathy. Bertrand Russell the English philosopher was asked during his visit to China to give a critical estimate of Chinese character. He replied that he had admired many things in the Ohinese people and in their culture, and that only because he had been asked would he point out three weaknesses. One of these was callousness, la.ck of sympathy, inability to appreciate suffering on the part of others. No doubt we can explain that that is mainly due to the hard struggle for existence in China. .On the other hand we might point out the beautiful spirit of helpfulness which can be found within the Ohinese clan or the family group. Yet it must be confessed that the Ohinese lack that wonderful human sympathy which is so richly developed in a truly Ohristian atmosphere. A non-Christian Ohinese scholar, a professlJr of the Government university of Peking, after a careful study of the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, said recently, "I have found three things in the Christian religion which Ohina needs-the spirit of sympathy, the spirit of forgiveness, and the spirit of sacrificial service." In a very striking sentence he said, 'I Only this spirit of Jesus Ohrist, only these great principles of Jesus Christ, can save us from the pit that is dark and dismal and cold into which we have fallen. " He would have agreed that most of the modern social movements iu Ohina have started out of the Ohristian motive. .

Fourth, Jesus Christ has made prayer articulate to us. There is no people in this world that does not pray. There is no religion in an human history that does not emphasize the prayer life. But the religion of Jesus Christ has fully and finally made prayer articulate.

JESUS CHRIST IN THE THINKING OF ASIA

The Tibetan peasant who turns the prayer wheel as he goes to his work every morning is a praying man. Myoid grandmother, who lit the stick of incense at about four o'clock every morning and mumbled her prayer, "Namo Omitu Fu," incessantly, until the piece of incense had burnt down to its socket, was a woman of prayer. But the Christian becomes an articulately praying man. How I love to recall that incident when a group of Christ's disciples gathered around Jesus, and one of them asked Him, "Master teach us to pray." This also is a great human quest, which involves a personal relationship to God as our Father. Then from the lips of Jesus Christ came that wonderful prayer.We in China through prayer are making religion personal, and are finding God real.

The great spiritual contribution of 0hristianity to China, as Dr. Chamberlain said, is the acknowledgment of the sovereignty of God in the life of man. The greatest need of my people it seems to me is to recognize God in human destiny, to feel His power in all life whether individual or corporate.

What my country needs supremely is a spiritual message. Other benefits are sure to follow the righteousness of the Kingdom of Heaven, not to precede it. China today is struggling to be reborn; she is trying to clean up her political life, to reform her social life; she is waiting for that great moral dynamic that comes only from the recognition of the sovereignty of God in the life of man and of our responsibility to Him; from knowing God as revealed in Christ, not merely as sovereign, but as our loving Heavenly Father, to whom we can pray and bring our troubles, expecting understanding and help.

When we think of the limited resources with which missionaries work and of the limited number of missionaries .sent, should we not ask ourselves whether we have apportioned our resources equitably according to the needs of the field 7 'Ve may have overemphasized the concrete undertakings, and thereby allowed to be partially overshadowed the less concrete but more vital function of the missionary enterprise, namely the meeting of the deep spiritual need of the Chinese people. When they get that, the other matters will take care of themselves.

LIFE "Life is what we are alive to. It is not length, but breadth. To be alive only to appetite, pleasure, pride, money making, and not to goodness and kindness, purity and love, history, poetry, music, flowers, stars, God and eternal hopes, it is to be all but dead.

"If men cannot believe in the Christians whom they have seen, how can they believe in the Christ whom they have not seen f"

-Maltbie D. Babcock.

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– """"""''''''' ~-.""– ONE OF THE CHAPEL CARS On the Rails with the Chapel Cars BY SAMUEL G. NEIL, D.D., PHILADELPHIA, P A.

Superintendent of the Chapel Car and Colportage Work of the American Baptist Publication Society which, in cooperation with The American Baptist Home Mission Society, owns and operates seven Chapel Cars-more than half the world "s supply. '.!'he first ear began opera.- tiona in May, 1891. The last car was built in 1915.

D R. WAYLAND HOYT, at one time pastor of the First Bap- tist Church in Minneapolis, was riding one day in a private car through northern Minnesota with his railroad brother, Mr. Colgate Hoyt. Suddenly Dr. Hoyt turned to his brother and said, "Colgate, have you noticed the large number of towns through which we have been passing today without a sign of a church building in them T In every town, there are ample evidences that saloons are on the job, debauching the souls and bodies of men, but there is no opportunity for their salvation. Why couldn't a car be built and fitted out to contain a combination church and parsonage, so that the missionary and his wife could live there? The car could be sidetracked in these small towns and the people invited in to hear the Gospel~"

The thought appealed to the practical railroad man and as a result he called together a few Baptist laymen in New York City and presented to them the thought of his preacher-brother. The outcome was that those half dozen Baptist laymen raised the money to build and equip the first chapel car ever put on railroad tracks, called ,'The EvangeL"

The car is a regular church and parsonage combined, as well equipped as any Pullman, with every convenience for the missionary and his wife. The chapel is furnished with a handsome brass lectern and Estey organ, and will accommodate a congregation of from ninety to one hundred and twenty-five people. Hymn-book racks are in the pews, and underneath are boxes to hold supplies of books, tracts and Bibles. Under the car are great receptacles for coal, ice, wood, etc. Some cars carry tents, so that in the summer out-door meetings may be held.

One day the chapel car" Messenger of Peace," en route from St. Louis to Kansas City over the Wabash Railroad, was side-tracked for a few hours at Carrollton, Missouri, in order to let another train pass by. At once a crowd began to gather. A tall, strapping fellow, unshaven and awkward, wearing a broad-brimmed hat and high-water 262

1924J ON THE RAILS WITH 'fHE CHAPEL CARS

trousers, stepped up and read the name of the car and then the Scripture text on the outside of the car, "Go ye into all the world and preach the gospel to every creature."

"Now, what sort of a car do you reckon that is ~" he remarked. "That's a church car, " said a bystander. "There is a preacher and his wife on board who live on that car all the time and hold meetings. There is a pulpit, and organ and everything for church work on board. I read about that car in the St. Louis papers."

The tall Missourian looked for a moment at the car in genuine astonishment and then cut loose.

"'VeIl, I swan! I've seen a cattle car, a hog car, a coal car, a lumber car, a furniture car, a refrigerator car, a smoking car, a bag- gage car, a passenger car, and a .

sleeping car, but I'll be blessed if I ever saw a church car like that! If that don't beat the devil!"

.Just then a. young Scotch preacher, Sam Neil, popped his head out of-the window and amid the hearty and good-natured laughter of the crowd, said: ' ,Yes, gentlemen, that's just exactly what the car was built for, to 'beat the devil,' to bring souls from the power of sin and Satan into the glorious liberty of the sons and daughters of God."

When the chapel car mission- ary desires to visit a certain tovm he sends in advance his announce- A CHAPElL CAR INTElRIOR ments, containing a photograph of the car and announcing the time of arrival and the dates for the meetings. The car is its own best advertising agent. Every ticket- agent along the line knows that the car is coming, and generally a crowd of people will be at every station to see it. When the mis- sionary arrives in a town his problem, as a rule, is not how to get the people, but what to do with all who come. Meetings are held every afternoon for children, and every night for adults. Then he begins his work of house-to-house visitation, going to every home in that town and surrounding country. As a result, in the remote sections of our frontier hundreds of churches have been organized and meeting-houses built, scattered through the 'rVest.

A chapel car going into a new town for a religious campaign solves many problems. 'Vhen an "outside" minister visits a town, the first question is, Who will entertain him1 Another question, Where win he hold his meetin~s 1 Or, Who is going to play thE}

ONE OF THE CHURCHLESS PARISHES-A LOGGING CAMP ON SUNDAY organ 7 Is there fuel enough to warm the building? Who will do the janitor work? But on board the chapel car the missionary and his wife meet these problems, for they take the parsonage along with him and the wife plays the organ. The missionary plays the part of janitor, chorister, preacher, the Sunday-school superintendent, the financier, real estate dealer, and church builder. The chapel car missionaries are also rendering a signal service forthe great army of men employed by the railroads of the West.

From the smoky, dusty railroad yards they may step into the car and find a cordial welcome in the atmosphere of the home. They may also find there up-to-date newspapers, magazines and books to read during their leisure time. Every car has its phonograph, so that at the noon hour the men are invited in to listen to a musical program. Vie found a host of men who could not come to the car in the evening' because they were on night shifts, so that a service was held, as soon as the men finished their midnight lunch. Time and time again men who had not been inside of a church for years listened to a Gospel message, sang Christian songs and many responded to the appeal.

One hot day in July a car was attached to an express train for a long journey. All day long services were held every two hours, to which the passengers were invited. Many came because they liked the singing; others because they wanted a change; some because they loved the Gospel. One man attended every service but no anneal seemed to move him. At the last meeting of the day he was first to respond to the invitation to take .Jesus Christ as his Saviour. "I don't know who you are or who sent you," he said to the missionary, "But I have a little girl who will always believe that God sent you.

ON THE RAILS WITH THE CHAPEL CARS

ANOTHER CHURCHLESS PARISH ON THE RAILROAD-A BORDER TOWN IN ARIZONA Since she was big enough to say her 'Now I lay me' she has added '0 Jesus, please bless my papa and make him love you.' She is now eleven years old. I shaH w:ire at the next stop that Jesus has heard her prayer."

In the first chapel car that was built-"Evangel"-over sixty churches have been organized. The latest report from aU the cars shows that as a result of this work from the beginning fully twentyfive thousand people have professed conversion; three hundred and ninety-eight Sunday-schools have been estab1ished; and two hundred and forty-eight churches revived, repaired, and built. This does not tell of the broken hearts healed, or the backsliders reclaimed, or of towns and communities reconstructed by the" Gospel of Good Cheer'~ that the chapel car brings.

The Rev. E. R. Hermiston, of chapel car "Grace" (No. Seven), has been greatly blessed in his work. He writes: "We spent one of the best years of our lives in the different fields in Arizona. At Yuma we had a great union revival and many converts, and all along the line we were given the warm€st kind of receptions. In some of the greatest mining-camps in the world all classes and people welcomed the car. We had successful meetings at Globe, JliIiami, Clifton, Douglas, Naca and Phoenix.

"Another wonderful country was the Imperial Valley in California. The first time the State Convention sent us down there we could see nothing but sand·dunes, cactus and jack-rabbits, and did not think a white man could live there. But since then we have been back three times, and have built churches at Holtville, EI Centro and Calexico. 'rhe' going' gets better every year. In 1920 they took ninety million dollars out of that valley. '1'hat desert can raise crops as well as dust. They raised everything, from cantaloupes to the price of the land which went from $8 to $800 an acre.

"Irrigation and reclamation have wrought miracles. We can look back now and see how many of the little struggling fields have developed until they have upon them strong, self-supporting churches.

"We were sent to Hermiston, the commercial center on an irrigation project in Eastern Oregon, and found t.he growing town was threatened with a fatal malady at its birth. The railroad divided the town physically as well as temperamentally; a real town-site fight had been started and no peace was in sight. The two factions looked across the track at. each other with jealous eyes and could agree on nothing. I preached union and told the people that we could not build the church on the railroad track nOr on both sides of it. 'You will have to hang together or hang separately,' I said. 'The only way to permanent peace, it seems to me, is to agree to disagree.' Our advice was accepted, and a ten-thousand dollar cement-block church was built, which stands today as one of the finest monuments to the chapel car work. "

After nine months of effort Rev. and Mrs. E. R. Hermiston and the good folks at Chow- chilla, California, have had re- cently the joy of dedicating a fine modern and up-to-date church building.

In February, 1921, the chapel car "Grace" pulled into town quietly and services were started and at the end of the first month a meeting was called to consider the advisa- RAILROAD MEN WHO ATrENDED MEETING bility of organizing. Dr. C. VV. Brinstad, Dr. C. H. Bancroft and other workers were called in, and the church was organized with sixty charter members. Plaus were started for a building, and after securing two lots, the gift of C. O. Robinson of Chowchilla, and a gi.ft and loan of $2,000 from the State Convention, and the subscriptions to secure an $8,000 property, the contract was let. The structure is of Moorish Mission architecture and has Sunday-school rooms, ladies' parlor, and an anditorium to seat 350. Chowchilla is a young town of 1,000 progressive American people, mostly from the eastern states. The streets are paved and there are six great highways, running out from the center. The high school is one of the best in the country and they have there a branch of the Carlton Agricultural College. 'rhe church takes its place as a leader in the growing center by calling Rev. William Matthews as pastor, and it win probably become one of the most helpful churches in that section.

The American Baptist Publication Society has also purchased from the White Company, of Cleveland, Ohio, and placed in active service a new type Model 50 chassis, with a special transcontinental home touring body, to be used in missionary work among the Mexicans in California and Arizona. This car is the first of a lar~e

number of such models which will be set apart for evangelistic work along the highways of the country. An exhaustive study leads us to the conviction that the new chapel car auto will reach small out- of-the-way hamlets and towns often many miles removed from trans- portation facilities. The specially constructed, long wheel-base truck will fill a long-felt necessity. This chapel car auto has several of the most important features essential to such conditions as may arise in the performance of many miles of various road conditions. The body, specially designed by the Brown Body Corporation, of Cleve- land, Ohio, is the latest word in furnishings and equipment. A mis- sionary and his wife have everything at their convenience to make life comfortable and their work effective as they travel from place to place. It has a specially constructed roof and pullman-tight windows.

On the outside are the names of the two socie- ties cooperating in the work, and a Scripture A MONUMENT TO CHAPEL-CAR WORK passage in English; First Baptist Church, Chowchilla, California ,'The Seed is the Word of God." On the center panel of the car are the words in Spanish, "Carro Capilla Mexicano," and a Scripture verse in Spanish, "By Grace Are Ye Saved Through Faith and That Not of Your- selves." On the opposite side of the car there is another verse in Spanish-" The Wages of Sin is Death, but the Gift of God is Eternal Life Through Jesus Christ Our Lord." There is a 50-gallon fresh water tank and waste, a wardrobe and bookcase built into the frame, a couch heavily trimmed (convertible at night into a double bed) and covered with imitation leather, drawer for linen, etc., an awning over the Tear platfonn which is used for preaching, a wash room and toilet, also a three-burner gas stove, and a folding table. The rear section is so constructed as to be convertible from a bedroom during the night to a reception room during the day, and is furnished with wicker chairs and furniture. A part of the equipment is a specially constructed tent, so arranged that the rear of the chapel car auto, with its pulpit platform, can be backed into the end of the tent and become the pulpit platform inside the tent. The tent itself is 16 by 30 feet and will accommodate a congregation of about one hundred peo- ple. It is equipped with an Estey pulpit organ, collapsible chairs, a Coleman lantern lighting system, and every modern and up-to-date convenience for the work of evangelism in isolated places. A trailer

will be used for carrying the tent, chairs, etc. The car will be known as "Chapel Car Auto No.1, Crawford Memorial."· The missionary, Rev. Pablo J.

Villanueva, is a Mexican who is versed in both Spanish and English, and knows the Mexican people intimately.

An assistant will travel with him and they will visit Mexican communities.

In cooperation with the American Baptist. Home Mission Society, we have forty-seven colporter-missionaries engaged in the work of personal and house-to-house evangelism in twenty-six different States, as well as in Mexico, Porto Rico, Cuba, and in the Central-American Republics of Nicaragua and EI Salvador.

Last year our missionaries spent 65,867 hours in visiting from house-to-house, and actually made calls upon 98,968 families.

Our missi9uaries distributed 729,558 pages of tract.s in seventeen different languages and had the joy of leading 1,569 persons to a saving knowledge of Christ as a personal Saviour. The total number of Bibles, Mr. AND MRS. HERMISTON AND REV. Testaments and Gospels distributed during SA"i~~L FqEr~I~EC~~TA~l:LE the year is 29,661, beside 13,948 other re- ligious books.

During the last five years our missionaries visited 55,375 families, distri- buted 2,322,867 pages of t.racts, and witnessed the conversion of 8,279 people.

. • The funds for its construction, as well as for Its upkeep and maintenance of the work, Were given by Mrs. Effie M. Crawford. of Santa Ana, Ca1ftornia. as a memorial to her deceased hus·band Mr. Will C. Crawtord. The car, with its complete eqUipment, cost about $9,000. '

THE NEW CHAPEL CAR AUTO FOR USE AMONG MEXICANS

ENTRANCE TO THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY AT

The American University at Cairo BY REV. WILLIAM BANCROFT HILL, D.D., POUGHKEEPSIE, NEW YORK Author of "The Life of Christ"; "The Apostolic Age," etc.

CAIRO is the capital of Egypt and the largest city in Africa. This we all know; but how many of us recognize that it is the vital center of the Mohammedan world ~ ,Ve think of Mecca; but the influence of Mecca is sentimental and steadily decreasing, while that of Cairo is intellectual and gaining in strength constantly. Here is the famous school in the mosque EI-Azhar, where the Koran is the chief textbook, and the highest ambition of its thousands of students is to spread the faith of Mohammed. Here are printing and publishing houses, more than two hundred of them, steadily poumg forth Moslem literature-books, pamphlets, newspapers-to be read and treasured from Morocco to Java and China. Here is a stream of Mohammedan travellers coming from all quarters on business, pleasure and pious ends, and far outnumbering the pilgrims who flock to Mecca in the month of the Hajj. Surely, if one seeks the place where the teachings of Jesus can most widely be offered to the Moslem world, that place is Cairo.

Agencies for work with Moslems have already been established in Cairo. One is the Nile Mission Press, devoted to publishing and circulating Christian literature in Arabic, the chief vehicle of the Moslem religion, and called by the Arabs "the language of the angels." Another is The Study Center where future missionaries to Moslems receive their training in the Arabic language and in Moslem 269

thought. A third is the World Sunday School Association which has here its headquarters for work among Arabic-speaking peoples, and a fourth is the International Y. M. C. A., which has recently placed one of its ablest secretaries in Cairo, and is building up an important and far-reaching work. Other agencies, English as well as American, could well be mentioned. Latest of them all is the American University, an institution whose career, though yet brief, is remarkably full of interest and promise.

Seventy years ago the United Presbyterians began at Cairo a mission which has since extended through all of Egypt and has been MOSLEM SHEIKHS, READING IN THE LIBRARY OF THE SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL STUDIES justly pronounced one of the most successful in any foreign land. It is known as The American Mission and has made the word American a better term in Egypt for a follower of Christ than the word Christian. For in that land Christian either means a Copt-and Moslems have good reason to despise the degradations of Coptic Christianity; or else it means simply a European, so that even a drunken frequenter of brothels may be called a Christian. This explains why the name American was chosen rather than Christian for the new University; it is less offensive to Moslem ears, and more exactly descriptive to Egyptians of the character of the institution.

The American Mission had built up an excellent system of schools, reaching from kindergartens to a college at Assiut; but still there was lacking as its capstone a school of university grade which should do in Cairo a work similar to what is being done in Constantinople by Robert College and in Beirut by the American University -formerly the Syrian Protestant College. But to found a university

'I'HE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY AT CAIRO

is a formidable task, requiring not only men of great ability but also money in great measure, especially if its location is Cairo, a most expensive city. The United Presbyterians already had their re- sources fully taxed, and no other denomination was ready to under- take the founding. The need of such a school was unquestioned j the opening for it was evident; but by whom and how could it be brought into existence ~ The a~swer came from two strong and consecrated men, Charles R. Watson and Robert S. McClenahan, and a little band of fellow- workers and loyal donors associated with them. Dr. Watson was born in Egypt, the son of a leading mission- ary, and had been for fourteen years a secretary of the [Jnited Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. Dr. McClenahan, a trained teacher with an intimate knowledge of Egyptian life and character, was at the head of the Assiut college. These two men, finely equipped and peculiarly suited for joint work, resigned their positions to be- come, one the president and the other the dean of the proposed University. Its suc- cess thus far has been largely due to their unceasing labors. Someone recently re-'

marked, half humorously and half en- viously, "No institution has a right to the DR. CHARLES R. WATSON, • PRESIDENT services of two such men" j but no institu- tion could offer a work that either would feel more important than what he has chosen. They themselves, however, would attribute the remarkabie success of the new enterprise very largely to the band of godly men and women, some four hundred in all, who from the outset have stood pledged to undergird the University with their prayers.

The University has been as fortunate in its first home as in its leaders. In the very best section of Cairo, close by the Museum, the Parliament House, the British Residency and the American Legation, stood a prominent building whose history was most chequered. Orig- inally a pasha's palace, it had been transformed first into a tobacco factory and next into the home of a short-lived Egyptian university.

Later it became historic as the place where Roosevelt gave his vigor- ous ideas about the government of Egypt. During the war it was again used for school purposes, as many of the school buildings were taken for hospitals. It was purchased for the University at a very reasonable price; and the English officials showed their friendliness by helping to give prompt possession of it, even at some inconveni- ence. On one side of this main building are several smaller buildings which are used for the School of Oriental Studies, the college lunch- room, the students' showerbaths and lockers, and other purposes j

THE STUDENTS AT THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY AT CAIRO .md on the other side is an open lot which serves as an athletic field. Each afternoon the sidewalk outside this field is lined with natives, old as well as young, watching with curiosity and something of perplexity as the students with zest engage in athletics-a novel sight in Egypt. For the present this property is admirably suited to the University's needs, save that there is no provision for dormitories or for teachers' residences. The boys who come from outside the city have to find lodgings wherever they can–often where temptations are deplorably great; and the American teachers have no easy task to secure comfortable houses. As the University develops and funds accumulate, the college department should have its separate and larger quarters, preferably outside the city.

When the University opened its first department, the College of Arts and Sciences, in October, 1920, three hundred young men applied for admission, of whom one hundred and forty-two were selected to form a freshman and a sophomore class. The number of the applicants was not so surprising as the social standing of the families from which many of them came. Here were two sons of governors of provinces-the highest administrative position in Egypt except that of minister in the king's cabinet. Here were three sons of mayors, and four sons of judges of the Superior Court. Pashas are next to royalty, and beys next to them: here were twenty-four sons of pashas and beys. Young men from such families are bound in a few years to occupy places of high position where they will do much in shaping the future of Egypt; and the privilege and responsibility of educating them cannot be over-estimai:ed. The proportion of youths of rank and wealth has continued to increase as the college

'1'118 AME1UCAN uNTVBRS1'!'Y AT CAiRO

itself has grown to two hundred, the llumber which at p:r:esent is about all it is prepared to receive.

Another surprise is the number of Mohammedans who have come for enrollment. They are reluctant to enter a Christian institution, and have never formed over fourteen per cent of the young men in any mission school in Egypt; but in the University more than half the boys come from Moslem homes. One of them is the son of the highest official in EI-Azhar, and another the son of a leading sheikh in Tanta, that city to which more pilgrims flock than to Mecca, and whose religious festivals are notoriously foul. A prominent family in Jerusalem has sent two boys; and even from Mecca a fine, young fellow has come. "You from Mecca!" cried the teacher who received him, "how did you learn there about the University'I" "I read of it in a Cairo newspaper which we take." " And how do you come to speak English so well?" "I was taught it by my father who learned it of a pilgrim from India." "What is your father's occupation?" "He speaks several languages, and acts as a reconciler of disputes between pilgrims." Thus in many directions and by many ways the influence of the University is reaching out into the Mohammedan world.

The desire of fathers to give their sons a Western educati0n, and their recognition of the danger of a moral collapse if the boy is sent away to a European city for it, explain this remarkably large registration of Moslem students, and the friendly interest of so many Moslem leaders. It has not been promoted by any lessening or EGYPT fAN , TURKISH, ARMENIAN, SYRIAN, ARAB, AND JEWISH STUDENTS AT THE UNIVERSITY 3

camouflaging of the po~itive Christiall character of the school, which is in every way maintained, even though there is always a ready recognition of whatever is good in Mohammedanism. Bible study and ethics are part of the required studies throughout the four years. All students are obliged to attend the morning chapel service of Bible reading and prayer; and, be it confessed, in reverent demeanor and evident interest they are much beyond many American college men. A voluntary organization, called The Students' Union, does much the same work as a college Y. M. C. A., and furnishes opportunity for discussions-often full and free–of problems of morals and spiritual life. Probably the strongest and most helpful of all the religious influences is the daily contact of the teachers with the stUdents, which is unusually close and sympathetic, but at present, owing to the absence of dormitory life, is not as continuous as it otherwise could be.

Not long ago the king of Egypt, Fuad I, who has shown much interest in the University from its beginning, granted an audience to the president and others who wished to· tell him just what the school was doing and hoped to do. And in the conversation, which was quite prolonged, the king said, "Two things I wish you to emphasize. One is thoroughness; the present education in Egypt is largely mere memory work and very superficial; the other is character development; what Egypt needs more than anything else is men who have had the discipline and teaching that produce character and integrity. " Egyptian history, past and present, lends sad emphasis to these words; and it was a pleasure to assure the anxious king that the University is striving to do just that which he desired. Probably few of its Moslem students will become confessed Christians-the obstacles at present are almost insurmountable; but no boy can spend four years in the University without gaining a purer code of morals, new and higher ideals, and a recognition of opportunity and duty that will transform his whole after life.

The School of Oriental Studies, which is the second department of the University, was opened in 1921. Affiliating itself with the Study Center already mentioned, it took over the whole work of instructing missionaries in Arabic, and hilS each year between seventyfive and a hundred students sent by different mission boards. Moslem sheikhs conduct the daily language drill, while at the head of the school are such excellent and enthnsiastic scholars as Canon W. H. T. Gitirdner, Rev. Earl E. Elder and Rev. Arthur Jeffery. The School has a.carefully selected departmental library, and in every way is well equipp'ed for students who. wish to pursue advanced work in Oriental languages and literature.

University Extension is a third department, just beginning to be developed. Experiment has shown that large and eager audiences will attend popular lectures on science,health, education and similar SUbjects. Here is a most promising field for which one of the Amer-

i924j 'i'HE AMER1CAN UNIVERStTY A'f CAIRO

iean professors has specially prepared himself, and in which today the chief limitation is the lack of a hall large enough to hold at least a thousand persons. Such a hall stands almost first among the wants of the University. The creation of other departments should soon rome: it waits not for demands but for funds. Schools of agriculture, medicine, law, journalism, business administration, all are greatly needed in Cairo, and needed at once. Egypt suddenly finds herself an independent nation with the forces of modern civilization streaming in upon her. Her leaders must receive the Western education; and if the ChriRtian form of it is not made accessible, the non-Christian is bound to be established. The American University has done ·wonderfully well in three short vears to develop as far as its pr~sent stage. Though endorsed by several mission boards, it. has been supported almost wholly by private gi.fts, and must look to these for any future development. Just so fast as they come, the leaders of the University stand ready to go forward.

No better summary of the whole situation could be given than that made by the editor of the leading' Arabic daily paper in Cairo, himself an uncle of one of' the students, in a letter to Dr. ·Watson: "Anvone who studies the situa- GANUL-ES SAYYED MUSSALLAMI OF MECCA tion recognizes that Cairo is the center of thinking for the millions who com- A descendant of Mohammed-a student at prise the Arabic-speaking worl{]. Just the University now all that world is moving rapidly towards a renaissance: the spirit of con- tagious enquiry is abroad. Much that is traditional and false is being discarded.

What shall take its place Y I believe that you Americans can lead the way in this new era better than anyone else. I do not speak only of financial sup- port. I refer to ideals, moral and religious, social ancl economic. Our King Fouad I and every thinking citizen have repeatedly expressed their welcome to you and the University. We feel that if you Americans do not provide th~ reconstruction, it is not going to be done."

iVe have been proud that it was an American who discovered the tomb of Tut-ankh-Amen and unveiled its treasures, while all the world watched and applauded. But this little group in Cairo, whose work I have tried to describe, are Americans also, unveiling to Egypt treasures of which no Pharaoh ever dreamed. Shall we not likewise be proud of them, and give them our hearty endorsement and support?

1£ I Were a Young Missionary in Korea BY YI SANG CHar The writer is one of the oldest and most honored and useful of Korean Christians. The following address is the first he has ever been induced to make to foreigners and was given to the Language School students in Seoul, consisting of abont fifty new missionaries engaged in the effort of acquiring the Korean tongue.

T HE first thing ,to do is to forget that you are Americans, who are working among Koreans, and to be fully persuaded that we are all from the same Homeland, some of us having arrived in Korea and Home in America. "Ve are to work for the glory of the Homeland.

As Christians we are one. Our Heavenly Kingdom is above any earthly boundaries. Let us, therefore, not allow pride of nationality to be a hindrance to us in performing the work of the Kingdom. Even the Heavenly Kingdom must be militant and progressive, but its purpose is not to subject and to destroy others, but rather to bring help and salvation to all. In communism, those who have not, wish to take from those who have; but in the Kingdom of God, those who have go out of their way to give to those who have not. The reason for this difference is that earthly kingdoms are age-centric while Christianity centers its aims and efforts upon God.

My first advice to young missionaries is to emulate the older missionaries who have caught this vision of service. America is powerful and large, while Korea is small and weak. Our common membership in the KingdolU of Heaven is the only common basis on which we can lUeet; because it is natural for the powerful to look down on the weak, and for the weak to feel that they are looked down upon. Even in the Church there is something of this feeling due largely, however, to misunderstanding. Ecclesiastical trouble is due to the fact that consciousness of the Kingdom of Heaven does not, as yet, completely dominate the Church.

Consult the oldest missionaries; try to understand the Bible and to understand the Korean people. Put the Kingdom of Heaven first.

1924J A HINDU VIEW OF JESUS CHRIST

A HIND IT VIEW OF JESUS CHRIST M ORE than nineteen hundred years ago, Jesus Christ was . nailed upon the Cross by a Roman Governor. The orthodox Jews who instigated Pilate to commit this infamous crime, were no doubt satisfied that the great move- ment which Christ had set on foot had failed. Failed! It was Roman justice that failed; it was Jewish bigotry that failed. An empire which has ceased to heed the voice of justice and of humanity, and devotes itself to the pursuit of its own selfish interests, is like a rotten tree which awaits but the first passing blast to fall to the ground. The Roman Empire fell, and upon I' its ruins the Church of Christ rose to a great height of power. Today, though organized Christianity but feebly reflects the spirit of its Master, the personality of the Master Himself stands forth before all the world with a compelling grandeur.

Never before have so manv earnest minds of all races and creeds turned to Him for light and guidance in their perplexi- ties. The" number and insight of the new Lives of Christ are alone evidence of this fresh and deepened interest in His life and teaching. But the most impressive proof of it is that Mahatma Gandhi, a Hindu, has sought in the first time in history to apply the Master's teaching to politics as the best means of raising the people of India to a consciousness of their duty to "themselves and to humanity. Mahatma Gandhi, it is true, was "buried alive" under the order of authority. But a seed which is "buried alive" does not die, but gets the opportunity with- out which it cannot fulfil its purpose.

Mahatma Gandhi's movement has made the central teaching of Christ known and cherished in quarters to which a hundred years of the propaganda of Christian Missions had not been able to penetrate. And it has presented it in a form readily assimilable to the Indian mind. Not only among Hindus but among Indian Christians also are being revealed a new meaning and a new purpose in the message of the Galilean Prophet, not antagonistic to or destructive of their precious national heritage, but setting it forth in its full intrinsic worth and value. A Hindu becomes a better Hindu, a Mahomedan a better Mahom- edan, a Parsi a better Parsi by following his own ancestral faith in the master light which Jesus lighted nineteen centuries ago. He himself spoke of His message as a leaven which operates in and through the preexisting stuff of which each nation's life is moulded. Thoughtful Christian missionaries, we are glad, are coming to realize ,the need of recasting their old methods in the new light in which Christ appears today.-'l'he Indian Social Reformer.

IN THE TRAINING SCHOOL TEACHING ILLITERATE WOM~~ N '1'0

The Awakening of Chinese Souls Stori es of lVo'lnen ,in th e Bibk Tp,achers' Training School BY MARY F. PARME:NTER, NANIGNG, CHINA O NE of my duties-nay, one of my chief joys- is to talk person- ally with new students as they enter the Bible Teachers' Training School, and to hear from them the story of their lives. In this way one gets a wonderful glimpse into Chinese life, . also into the awakening of the sonl, and God's way of wooing hearts to Himself. You are invited to sit beside me, to look into the faces illumined by Him who" is Light," and to hear a few of these stories as these Chinese women tell them with unaffected simpllcity.

A young woman, in her twenties, with a strong face and a merry eye, tells the following story of her life: "MyoId home was two days' journey north of Peking. My father and his brothers with their families lived together in the country. Father became a Christian a short time before the Boxer uprising in 1900. At that time he had one child, a little son. .He often visited his pastor's home where he saw new conditions—the girls attending school and developing into fine young womanhood. He would return home and tell mother that he hoped this next litt.le one wou1d be a girl so that he could send her to scho01 and be the father of an educated daughter. A few months 1ater I was born. This baby girl received a welcome. When two years old, there was great trouble in our country and persecution for the Christians. Father went to see the pastor to consult with him about the situation. 'While he was gone conditions became so serious that mother deemed it best to 278

THE AWAKENING OF CHINESE SOULS

escape with my brother and myself. That very night father returned and slept in the home alone not knowing whither we had gone. His neighbors, fearing the consequences of having a Christian in their midst, told the Boxers of his whereabouts. Before daybreak they had murdered him. Mother was very bitter. She hated the neighbors who had betrayed father, and her heart was full of r evenge. She spent weeks making silver paper money to burn at father's grave in order that he might have sufficient money in the spirit world to take revenge on them. The pastor con- stantly visited her seeking to com- fort her and to lead her to believe on her husband's Savionr. After two years she yielded. We were farmers owning property, but after father's death his brothers, as is so often the case in my country, hegan devouring the widow's por- tion. When· mother saw her means of support diminishing, she re- quested of my uncles that they di- vide to her what was left of her share, allowing her to support her- self. This they did. So mother had to manage her own little farm, hir- jng a man to work the fields.

" As soon as we were old enough mv brother and I attended school rel:,~llarly, but there came a time when we had finished the school in our vicinity. 'Ve needed to go to Peking. How could A STUDENT mother afford this! Nothing daunted and determm~ ed to give us an The first Chinese woman in Fukien Prov· in ce to be licensed a8 a "local preacher"

education, she dismissed the farm hand and went into the fields her- self. When we came home for the long summer vacations my brother and I worked with her. In this wav we were both able to continue our education. Mother had become" a. verv ea.rnest Christian. The ladies in our church desired her to come to their Bible School to learn to read that she might become a Bible woman. Mother longed to do this, but if she left the farm we could not study. Knowing ~he cir- cumstances, I determined to go to my principal and ask her fat a scholarship in order to free my mother. It was not an easy thing to do. I prayed many days-I prayed about every detail-then went to the principal, stating the facts. She gladly consented. Mother left the farm and went to Bible School. God answered my prayers.

It was through this experience that I began to know God for myself.

"One day, later on, mother, brother and I were attending a con- ference held by the Bishop of our church. We did not sit together.

He preached on consecration-setting ourselves apart as holy unto the Lord for His service. At the close he had an altar service asking all who would make this decision to come to the altar. I went for- ward and gave myself wholly to the Lord for His service for life.

Then he asked all parents who would thus set apart their children to also kneel at the altar. Vlhen we arose from our knees imagine our delight to find that unknown to each other, mother, brother and I had all been kneeling at the same altar. Great joy filled me! From that hour there has never been a minute when I have not recognized myself as sanctified unto the Lord for His service. After graduating I taught for a time, after which God opened my way to take this training here where I am so happy and am coming to know Him so much better than ever before."

This young woman has since been graduated from the Bible Teachers' Training School, and has returned to Poking where she is doing splendid work, teaching the Bible. * *' :ji:.

In contrast to this student whose young life was disciplined by sorrow and hardship the following is the story of a girl from a large, wealthy official family. She is tall with a lithe, well-rounded, grace- ful figure, a face beautiful and expressive-reflecting the joy within -and most attractive in manner. She says: "My younger sister and I were educated in the government schools. Through the influence of Christians we were both converted and united with the Church. After graduation I was engaged to teach in a provincial girls' school. It was not until later on that I learned that my predecessor, because of the strong anti-Christian feeling of the principal, had not been engaged to return the second year. Upon my arrival at the opening of the school the principal presented me with the regulations of the institution for the faculty members. Two affected me as a Christian, so I frankly stated that I could observe all but two. Since I was a Christian I could not agree to those. It was too late to make changes so he replied, 'Well, say nothing about it!' I sought to Mve Christ in that school. One day a group of girls came to me and asked-'Why do you always look so happy, and why does your face shine soP I replied, 'Because Christ lives in my heart.'

They watched my life closely. Soon they desired to study Chris- tianity. Several of the teachers as well as many of the students pur- chased Bibles and began to study them earnestly. It was against the rules of the school to hold any religious meetings within its walls, so we gathered at a near-by mission chapel for Bible study and prayer, sometimes rising very early for this. As many as sixty enrolled their names in the Church as inquirers. I helped them to the best of

my ability, but I was only a young Christian. My knowledge of the Bible was insufficient to lead them farther than the 'first principles' of the Christian faith. I decided to leave and enter the Bible Teachers' Training School to study and thus prepare for service. The principal was uneasy because of tbis movement in his school. Letters of complaint from parents wer e annoying, hence he gladly released me. Soon after I left he called the matron and said," I want you to go to all the rooms of the girls, search for Bibles and bring them to me; I want to burn them.' The matron replied, 'I cannot do it, for I have a Bible myself and am studying Christianity.' He called a teacher and received the same response-then a second teacherbut all to no avail! .At last he commanded a servant to do it. When BIBLE SCHOOL STUDENTS STARTING OUT 'l'0 PREACH IN THE Cl'l'Y she brought the Bibles he burned them. Upon hearing of this the students were incensed, and went to him with great indignation saying, 'You had no right to burn Bibles which belonged to us.' They demanded a refund of a dollar (perhaps four times the cost) for each one burned. The principal r efunded the money. "

Such was the spirit of this young woman when she entered our school. vVe found her to be an excellent student, gifted and with marked ability and spirituality. She was graduated in June.

Before leaving, this young woman said, "I have felt the call of God to go where Christ is not named, but for family reasons I cannot ·go to distant parts of my country. I have found a market town about a day's journey by boat from my home. It is my purpose to Tent a house there and with a friend of like mind, ·and an older woman to chaperone us, to open a work ourselves. I will trust God for the funds. .At first we will open a half-day school for women,

visit in the homes, and then see how God leads on. My parents have given their consent. When one of my brothers, himself not a Chris- tian, heard of my plan, he said, 'Since you have such faith and zeal, I cannot do less than to help you now and then.' "

'"

Listen to the sad story of the next woman, who was the oldest in a class of thirty that was graduated last June: "I was converted when young, married a Christian man, and became the mother of two children, a boy and a girl. I lived in Anhuei Province, but my husband taught in Nanking University. While there he was taken ill with typhoid fever which proved fatal. When the word of his death came the friends feared to tell me-the young wife who was preparing to go to him–so they called a prayermeeting and during this little service gently broke the news to me. God wonderfully sustained. I taught in a mission school in my native place for thirteen years. My little son loved to pray, sing hymns and talk about the Saviour. Although a well, strong child, he was taken suddenly ill and soon went to be with the Saviour he loved. All· that was left me was my daughter. I centered all the affection of my heart on her. ·When she had finished the grade school I gave up my position as teacher and took her to Nanking to continue her studies. I acted as Bible woman there in order to be near my daughter. Her health gave out and after a lingering illness she was taken from me. My grief was almost unbearable. The neighbors feared that I would lose my mind, but God in great mercy comforted me; Jesus healed my broken heart and filled me with joy. Now I have the wonderful privilege in this school of further preparation for service. My heart praises my Sayiour! I rejoice in Him!"

'" '" '"

The fourth young woman is one who, during' her two years with us, endeared herself to all onr hearts by her genuineness, devotion, zeal and overflowing happiness. She received her diploma in June and has gone back to preach in her own province. This is her story:- "I was the youngest child and only girl. I had nve brothers. We never heard the Gospel until my father was taking a certain journey of several days on foot. The man who carried his load was a Christian. As they travelled along together the man told father something of this new religion, but not being satisfied with his own ability to state it clearly, a few months later he brought his brother to our home to show us more perfectly the way of life. We all gathered in my little country home and listened eagerly and attentively to the gospel story-but none more so than Brother Number FivE.!. He fairly drank in the words! As he heard that Christiam had schools he asked that he might enter one and thus hear more. So with the consent of our parents these men took him to a town a few miles distant where he entered a mission school.

J924] THE AWAKENING OF CHINESE SOULS

"After a few months my oldest sister-in-law became very ill. 'rhe family worshiped idols and practiced many heathen rites in order to save her life, but she died. Then Brother Number Five was brought home from school sick with the same disease. He refused to worship the idols and besought the family not to use the methods that had proven useless for the sister-in-law, but to call upon the true God. He did not die. During his long sickness I loved to sit at his bedside as he told me of .Tesus and of salvation through Him. I was converted at that bedside. I had a nephew just about my age in the home. I brought him in to hear, and he, too, accepted Christ. We three children were very happy in our newly-found Saviour, but none of the older members of the family believed at that time.

STUDENTS SELECTING MATERIAL TO USE IN THEIR EVANGELISTIC MEETtNGS "In our home was a very dear aged grandmother, greatly respected and revered by all. A few months later she passed away. According to the custom of my country she mnst have a great funeral with no end of idolatrous rites and ceremonies. When all the family reverently worshiped her as she lay in her coffin, we three children absolutely refused. This incurred the fierce anger of father. It descended more especially upon the head of Brother Number Five. Father said to him: 'You are not my son-all I ask of you is to return me the number of pounds with which yon came into the world.' This was very hard for a truly filial son to bear, but he quietly slipped a,vay and returned to his school. 'rhis left nephew and myself to stand alone. According to custom a month later all must worship at grandmother's grave. Nephew and I made ourselves scarce that day. our absence not being specially noticed. Another month came around and we tried the same plan. This time we were not so successful for

mother caught on to our ways, but when we stood true to our convictions, refusing to worship, she let us off with a severe scolding.

"Later on all the family became Christians. I was allowed to go to school. I am so grateful to God for so wonderfully saving me -a child in the country where not even the name of the Saviour had been heard-that I can but give my life to tell the Gospel to others who sit in like darkness."

* Another girl says: "I was educated in government schools, was self-sufficient, selfrighteous and hated the Christ,ian religion. I held a fine position as teacher in a government normal school with a salary which was ample to satisfy any Chinese lady. r had lost all faith in idols and did not believe in the existence of a God. Through the quiet influence of a Chinese young woman, herself an earnest Christian, a number of our students became interested in Christianity. The Principal, fearing the Board of Education who were exceedingly anti-Christian, looked to me to help counteract this influence. Christians sought in various ways to lead me into the truth, but it seemingly only aroused a spirit of animosity within me. Nevertheless I could not get away from the question-'Is there a God~' In my soul there was great unrest. One day as I was accompanying some of our students on a boat on the 'Yang-tze River, and as I beheld the beautiful landscape before me, there was revealed to my soul the existence of a Oreator- God. I knew that He was the Ohristian's God. From that day I believed in God, but not in Ohrist. I felt no need of a Saviour. I read the Bible, enjoying the portions that I thought resembled the writings of Oonfucius, but not caring for the doctrinal parts. However, the more I read the Bible the more I realized that a great deal of it had not yet entered into my life. By refusing to accept any part that I could not understand I shut myself from its most blessed teachings. I grew more and more unhappy-and to my heart there came a great yearning to know the whole truth. One day as I was reading about Peter walking on the water, Christ's rebuke to him, '0 thou of little faith, wherefore didst thou doubtf' was spoken by the Spirit directly to my own heart. I was deeply convicted of the sin of unbelief. I knelt and told the Lord that I would believe the Bible whether I understnod it or not. I received Christ as my Saviour. Rest, peace, joy filled my being. I soon knew that I could not remain in the government school; God called me to spread abroad the knowledge of Him to my own people."

It is not strange that the Spirit of God marvelously opened up His Holy Word to one who had promised to believe before she understood. During the five years since her conversion she has borne much fruit. She is teaching in a Bible School, is greatly used in evangelistic work, and is one of the editorial staff of a helpful and

'!'HE AWAk:8NJNG 0]' CHINES:8 SOULS

splendid magazine published by a small company 1)f consecrated Chinese-pastors and teachers-who are seeking to build up the Chinese Church. **"

We can only tell one more of these soul histories. It is a wonderful story of a girl of rare beauty, with clear' olive skin, and a sweet, lady-like beariug. She says: "My father is an official in Chekiang Province. Mother died when I was very young leaving two children. Father married again. I studied in my own home but afterwards was sent to a mission school for girls. While there I confessed Christ and united with the Church without consulting with my parents for I knew they would not give their permission. Of course they learned of it, and the consequence was that I was not permitted to return to school at the close of the next vacation, but had their permission to attend Church on Sundays. Later on Miss Dora Yii came to hold a series of meetings. As she preached Christ crucified I was' deeply convicted of sin and made a full confession. Previous to this time I had loved Christ for the beauty of His character and life, but had not realized that He had died for my sin. How I loved Him as I saw Him crucified' for me! I resolved to live Christ in mv home and shine for Him as I h'a.tt not done before. , With this change there began bitter per- secution. I was forbidden to attend Church. I spent Sundays alone in my room studying the Bible and praying. Moreover father decided to betroth me. He chose a good young man from a fine family, but since he was a heathen, I would not give my consent. This greatly grieved my father who loved me deeply. He considered me unfilial. This was hard to bear. When he found that I was not moved he sent for brother to come home to persuade me. Brother said, 'Sister, I know something of the Christian religion. It is right for you to worship God with your spirit for He gave it, it belongs to Him, but your body belongs to your parents who gave it to you, and you ought to obey your parents with your body. Our parents are distressed over your disobedience.' As he presented this argument in a moment of weakness I yielded and consented to the betrothal. In a few days all were making preparations for a grand heathen wedding. My heart sank within me. I could not bear it! 'l'here was left to me bu't one resource-God! I made my prayer unto Him; I besought Him to work out my deliverance. Through family matters in the home of my fiance God wonderfully intervened. My wedding was postponed that spring and again in the fall.

Then God began to speak to me about preaching. He spoke first through Acts 6: 14. 'We will give ourselves continually to prayer and the ministry of the Word.' As His call became clear I knew I must have preparation, so I asked my stepmother if I might go to the Nanking Bible Teachers Training School. She not only refused but was very angry. The way seemed closed. The Lord

spoke again through Gal. 1: 15, 16. '1 conferred not with flesh and blood.' Also through Heb. 11: 8, 'By faith Abraham ….. went out, not knowing whither he went.' As I prayed I felt that I was to leave home and go to school without the permission of my parents. 1 arose very early one morning, and leaving a letter for father in which I thanked him for all he had been to me, told him of my call and purpose, saying I must obey God, 1, too, went out not knowing whither I was going. I did not even know the ,'lay to the station, but in the court 1 met a servant who took me without question. I went to the home of a missionary friend, but the next train brought a servant with a message from father ordering me home. 1 felt that 1 must obey but two Christian friends went with me. Father was very angry and utterly refused to allow me to attend Bible School. vVe three decided to go to our knees and remain there until he yielded. Finally he consented for me to return with my friends with the promise that if my fiance gave his consent for me to go to Nanking he would withdraw his objections. 'Within a short time my fiance heartily agreed. I made all arrangements to go, but my father would not allow me to leave the house. He even offered to send me abroad to study if 1 would abandon my purpose to go to Bible School, but 1 was not moved. The call of God was upon me. Again my only resource was God. I decided to fast and pray until father gave permission. 'When this news reached brother he speedily came home, this time to persuade my father! He said to father, 'While sister's going to Nanking is the same as burying her, yet if she is kept at home it will also mean her burial.' Father was thus persuaded. No daughter of his should be helped by mission funds, so he agreed to pay all expenses. I took the train for Nauking escorted by brother and uncle! On the train brother said to me, 'Sister, as 1 see how you have suffered, and have come out from home with only these '-pointing to my one trunk and roll of bedding, -'how you have given up wealth and all the worldly advantages that were yours, in order to follow Christ-I am convinced that the Christian religion must be true!"

This young woman has "gro,vll in grace and in the knowledge of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ." She was a power for God in the school, giving abundant evidence by life, words and works that she was truly called by Him. She was graduated in January, 1923. A month later she was mightily used in leading a great revival in a large city, at which time many Christians were quickened and blessed, and many were converted. She received invitations to conduct similar services in other places, but felt the call of God to go 110me to seek to lead her family to Christ. Word has already been received .of the conversion of her stepmother who had hitherto most bitterly persecuted her. Her heart is truly filled with a love for souls and a passion to win them to Christ.

Indians in Bolivia and

BY REV. WEBSTER E. BROWNING, PH.D.

Educational Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America nA.recent inclusive trip of some eight months through the re- publics of South America gave a renewed opportunity for the study of the condition of the Indian tribes, especially in the far interior of Peru and Bolivia.

The work being done by the evangelical churches of the United States, on behalf of these simple children of the soil, is slight in extent, but many indications reveal an unusual opportunity for advance. 'l'wo situations that were specially noted are to be mentioned in this article.

The Seventh Day Adventists carryon a work among the Indians who live on the borders of Lake Titicaca, in Bolivia and Peru. In a large district, where no other evangelical body has as yet planted its work, this society has built up one of the best instances of constructive missionary education for the aboriginal population that can be found in South America.

Lake Titicaca lies up in the high Andes, at an altitude of almost 12,500 feet above the sea, and its waters are always near the freezing point. The entire region round about is bare and cold and cheerless. Yet this immedate district is the center of two or three millions of Indians who are the descendants of the once powerful races over which the Inca chieftains ruled until the coming of the Spaniards in the sixteenth century. Many of these Indians have been received into the Roman Catholic Church, and by it are claimed as loyal children; yet it is but a baptized paganism which has come to them and in times of stress and doubt the simple heart of the native turns to bis pagan divinities and he bows down and worships them. One who has traversed these bleak upland plains cllnnot wonder that the Indian, from time immemorial, has looked upon the sun as his god and that even yet, in spite of a veneer of Christian teaching, he considers it his principal deity.

The Adventist missionaries have undertaken a work in this I'egion that has already done much for the material and spiritual uplift of the Indian population. This work is divided into the usual educational, medical and evangelistic departments, but this short statement can treat of the first only.

The latest statistics state that seventy-eight schools have now been established, with a total registration of 3,700 pupils. The majority of the teachers in these schools are Indians who have been trained under missionary direction, and Qne whiteman to every ten or twelve natives acts as instructor and superintendent. The build- 287

ings are of the most primitive and simple construction and in most cases have been erected by the pupils themselves, who have thus learned practically something of the art of building. In one case, ,yhen labor was lacking, sixty-five teachers who had gathered at .fuliaca, on the borders of Lake Titicaca, to attend a normal institute, undertook the work themselves and carried the construction of the building to completion.

In these schools, in addition to the instruction in ordinary branches and in the Bible, much stress is laid on industrial training, and carpentry, black-smithing and farming are taught in a practical manner, under trained teachers. The whole region is being helped and government officials who are familiar with the situation are loud in their praises of the work that is being done. Recognizing that the lndian has had much of mystic teaching from the dominant church of the country, which has done little for his uplift and which is generally beyond the comprehension of his childlike mind, which has been further deadened by the use of coca leaves and the lack of sufficient food and clothing, the missionaries have endeavored to give him that industrial training which will benefit him physically and materially, but have not omitted the instruction which has to do with the soul.

One worker of this mission has now gone down into central Peru, a tropical region which is peopled by savage tribes who fear the white man and, as a rule, lose no opportunity to attack him, and has opened his work on the banks of the Perene River. One baptism is reported and the missionary, who is a physician, :finds a ready response to his efforts.

A second situation to which reference may be made is that which exists in the region contiguous to the ancient city of Cuzco, Peru, which was once the center of the Incan Empire and is distant a day's journey in train from Lake Titicaca, and the work already referred to.

The Indians in this region, who have been unusually exploited by both priests and politicians, are now openly declaring that they are done with Christianity as they have known it and are determined to return to their primitive pagan beliefs and practices. Some of them have heard of evangelical Christianity and have sought to obtain teachers and preachers, but in vain. The missionaries of the Evangelical Union of South America, which is a British society, have a small but very efficient hospital and clinic in Cuzco and an industrial farm at a near-by point. Yet they are unable to answer the calls that come to them from the great region round about and unless they are reenforced or help comes to them from another source, it is altogether probable that in the next few years we shall have to witness a wholesale lapse of the Indian popUlation into its pagan practices. The frontispiece photograph shows a group of 108 Indian chiefs, each of whom is the representative of a village or small tribe, who came more than a year ago in a body to solicit

JA..1VlES 1. GOOD~ENLARGER OF THE I<INGDOM

help from the missionaries in Cuzco. They stated that they could get no protection from the Government against either the priests or the local politicians and, as a last hope, they had come to the evangelical missionaries. Here again they were turned away, since no workers were available to meet their l'equest for teachers and preachers who might instruct them, and they went disconsolately back to their villages and little farms with the message to their people that from no source could help be secured. Unfriended, helpless, exploited, they must watch the daily encroachment of the white man on their ancient domain; the increasing arrogance and neglect of the official church from which they had hoped to secure redress, and they are doomed to go down into the darkness of death with no adequate knowledge of that Christ of Whom they have but vaguely heard.

When will the evangelical churches of the United States awaken to an appreciation of their responsibility for these millions of fellow Americans who are as utterly pagan and as distressingly needyphysically, intellectually and spiritually-as the lowest and most llIiserable of the peoples of Asia or Africa?

James I. Good-Enlarger of the Kingdom BY ALLEN R. BARTHOLOMEW, PHILADELPHIA, P A.

secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in the U. S.

N Oone can estimate what the death of Dr. James T. Good, Pres- ident of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in the United States, means in loss to the Church and to the cause of missions. For thirty-one years this man of God stood in the forefront of our missionary work. His was a unique entrance into the circle of our Board of Foreign Missions. He had not served any apprenticeship as a member of the Board, but at its very first meeting, after his election by the General Synod in the year 1893, we chose him as our president. And what a wealth of faith, wisdom, patience, devotion and zeal he brought to his high and sacred position in the Church of his Fathers! His soul was all aflame with the sublime passion of winning the world to Christ.

His sudden death in Philadelphia on January 22d, has cast a cloud of sorrow' over a wide circle of Christian fellowship. This was brought out in the addresses at the funeral services and in the many messages of sympathy. He was a minister of the Reformed Church, but the ministries of his long career and his broad catholic spirit were spent in binding together and strengthening the churches whose doctrines, worship and government were alike. He was especially active in the American Section of the Alliance of Reformed Churches. In this "relation he became deeply interested, during the past five years, in a self-sacrificing ministry to the stricken pastors 14

and people of the Reformed family in war-smitten Europe. Only the recording angel in Heaven can tell of his unceasing labors in gathering funds and clothing for the needy and bringing comfort and joy by letters of sympathy and by personal visitations to Poland, Bohemia, Hungary, Austria and other devastated countries. The name and influence of Dr. Good today is as great, if not greater, in Europe than in our own country.

James Isaac Good was born in York, Pennsylvania, December 31, 1850, the son of Rev. William A. and Susan B. (Eckert) Good. He spent his youthful days in Reading, Pennsylvania, where his father was principal of a select school for girls, pastor of several congregations. in the vicinity, and the first superintendent of the Common Schools in Berks County. The son was a graduate of Lafayette College, 1872, and of Union Theological Seminary, 1875. He was licensed by Lebanon Classis of the Reformed Church in the U. S. in 1875 and held pastorates in Heidelberg Church, York, Pennsylvania, 1875-7; Heidelberg Ohurch, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1877-90; and Calvary Ohurch, Reading, Pennsylvania, 1890-1905.

In connection with his last pastorate, he served as professor of Church History, Dogmatics and Practical Theology and Dean of Ursinus School of Theology. Upon the union of Ursinus School of Theology and Heidelberg Theological Seminary under the title of Central Theological Seminary, Dayton, Ohio, he became professor of Reformed Church History and Liturgics, 1907-24. He was Pres- ident of the General Synod of the Reformed Ohurch in the U. S.

1911-14, American Section of the Alliance of Reformed Churches, Vice-President of the World Alliance of the Reformed and Presbyterian Churches, and honorary member of the Huguenot Society of Pennsylvania. He was President of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in the U. S., 1893-1924.

He was a prolific author and a frequent traveller to Europe. His contributions to the historical literature of the Reformed Ohurch will make his influence a perpetual presence in the minds and hearts of our pastors and people. The primary object of his many visits to Europe was always in search of new treasures to enrich the history of the Church of his Fathers. On account of these labors of love. he has made all the churches with Reformed ancestry heavy debtors. His intense interest in the historv and doctrines of the Church of the Reformation made him zealou~ in helping young men to prepare for the Christian,ministry. Hundreds of pastors are now serving in our own and other churches, due to his liberal contributions. Truly, he was a recruiting servant of Christ and deserves the title "Enlarger of the Kingdom."

Doors in Latin

BY H. AND S. B. STRACHAN Organizer of the Latin America Evangelization Campaigrr T HE majority of the ninety million people of Latin America .are still practically unevangelized, for they are still without an adequate knowledge of the Gospel of Christ. The present missionary forces are pitifully inadequate to the great task of evangelizing these masses. For example, in Colombia there is only one Evangelical missionary to 225,000 people. Of the total missionary force of thirty men and women, twenty-two are concentrated in three large centres, with a population of 250,000. It is a physical impossibility for a man to evangelize hundreds of thouf-ands of people, scattered over an immense district, with a mule as the only means of transport. Even where work is fairly well manned only a small fractie)ll of the people is being reached, largely because of the prejudice fostered by the priests against what they term a foreign and heretical religion. The growing atheism in Latin America and the gross superstitions of the masses are both antagonistic to the progress of Christianity.

Our recent missionary trip of one year through the greater part of Latin America was undertaken with a view to making a survey of the situation and of planning an evangelistic campaign among these unreached millions. We travelled over 30,000 miles in Central America, the West Indies, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile and Argentina. We had abundant opportunity to see the situation at first hRlld both in occupied and in unoccupied territory. The mission stations, widely scattered, are but pin points of light in the vast darkness which covers the continent from Mexico to the Magellan Straits and from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Noone who has seen conditions in Latin America will contend that Romanism offers adequate light to relieve that darkness for both in doctrine and in practice it denies fundamental truths of the Christian religion. r1'he moral, spiritual and intellectual inheritance of the Latin American peoples from four centuries of Romanism is conclusive evidence that her light has not dispelled the darkness.

The problem of the evangelization of Latin America has never been handled in any adequate way. After what has been called" an experiment" of from fifty to seventy years, the evangelical membership of all denominations is only a little over one hundred thousand. The work has been too great for the missionary forces employed even jf the resources at their command had been more adequate to the task imposed upon them. Take for example, the six Central American republics which have an estimated popUlation of 6,000,000 that pres- 291

ent today a harvest field ready for the reaping. Guatemala has over two millions of that total with about fifty missionaries, men and women, or, one missionary to every 34,000 people. The remaining four million Central Americans have one missionary to every one hundred thousand. The whole situation from the point of view of adequate occupation of the field is tragic. Moreover the fact is that as a rule the missionaries grouped in certain areas, so that large territories, with hundreds of thousands of souls, are entirely unreached.

Everywhere the doors are wide open to Christian workers. The intelligent classes repudiate the superstitions of Rome, but they have nothing to take its place. The poorer people gladly hear the Gospel when they have the opportunity. People who will not under any circumstances go to the ordinary mission hall or church, will come to places unassociated with religion, to some neutral ground, as for example, tents, theatres, working men's hall, the public plazas, etc. In such places the message will have an unprejudiced hearing. Evidence of this was seen at Barranquilla in Colombia (the most fanatical of all the ;Latin republics) where the special meetings were inaugurated by a meeting in an open air theatre, the first ever held in Barranquilla. Despite the fact that there was only one day in which io organize the meeting and make announcement of it, a crowd of over five hundred people came. The majority of them had not heard the Gospel before, but the order and interest were all that could be desired. Many of the same people attended the services in the church on succeeding nights and a number manifested their desire to accept Christ their Saviour.

This experience was repeated in other cities and it was invariably found that after once hearing the Gospel, there was no difficulty in getting people into a mission hall. In one city where a union service on the Sunday morning attracted some twenty people to the preaching ball, a meeting in the public plaza that same afternoon, (the first that had ever been held in that city), had the effect of crowding the place to its utmost capacity to hear the simple presentation of Christ as the All-sufficient Saviour who not only died to save men from the penalty of their sin, but who lives to save them from its power.

Surely the time has come when some serious and adequate attempt should be made to preach the Gospel to these multitudes and the missionaries are practically unanimous in the opinion that the time is fully ripe for a campaign of aggressive evangelism on a large scale. Some such movement is the only solution of the problem of evangelizing the unreached millions of the American continent.

As a result of the survey trip above referred to we have been led to organize the Latin A.merican Evangelization Campaign, which, as its name indicates, undertakes to carry out such campaigns of evangelism throughout Latin America.

MBTHODS

EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUHLENBERG BUILDING, PHILADELPHlA., PA.

MISSIONS IN THE COUNTRY CHURCHES A statement issued by Roger Babson, wizard of statistics, brings the information that a study of two hundred of the greatest business con- cerns of America reveals the fact that 300/0 of them were made successful by sons of ministers. A large majority of the thirty per cent were sons of poor country preachers. If a similar study of great missionaries and supporters of mission work were made it would likely reveal the fact that more than 50% of them came from the farm and the little country church.

See the lad lying amongst the braeberries upon the bank of a stream that flowed close by his father's Highland cottage, nestled beneath the shadow of the Grampians. It was there in the open country that Alex- ander Duil', farmer's son, dreamed his dream and saw his golden chariot drawn by horses of fire and heard the voice that bade him "Come up hit.her; I have work for thee to do."

Turn your eyes to a farm in Canada. See a group o:f boys splitting large rocks for the :foundation of a barn. Note the sturdy little :fellow who, after the others are ready to quit, insists that" the big one" yet left be split before they go in, and with enthusiasm leads oil' into the woods to bring in more logs and brush to burn around the great stone for the rock-splitting process. Here in the open country George Leslie Mackay formed the purpose which led him to Formosa, to break the seemingly unbreakable rock of the island's heathenism.

Look down the line and see a little Pennsylvania girl, dressed most properly in her Sunday clothes, walking dOlVn the road from her father's big white house to the little rural church for a Sunday afternoon mis- sionary meeting, which was to be addressed by a returned missionary. TJook again thirty years later to South India and see the Kaiser-a-Hind medal awarded by the British Government to Dr. Anna S. Kugler for distinguished service.

A barefoot country boy has learned his lesson o:f stewardship so well that he takes a penny out of his dime and gives it to missions and then puts another penny in the basket, for his offering. A few years pass and a business man of New York says to his pastor, "Count on me for $250 more this year for the Lord's work. I've had a $2,500 inerease in salary and I'll add a thank-offering above that for some speeial work."

Many chapters of the history of missionary achievement have their beginning on the farm or in the rural church.

THE AUTOMOBILE Al'I'D MISSIONS There are yet missionary leaders who Years seem to be required to lift us pray the Lord to open the doors to out of ruts of thinking and talking. the non-Christian world because their 293

fathers and mothers so prayed, all un- directions for decorations says" arti- conscious of the fact that the doors are ficial palm branches may be made now open. by-" is but one instance of failure So it is that we still talk about the to adapt plans to the terms of one's impossibility of getting together for a own resources.

missionary meeting in a country Do not discard a method of work as church. .As a matter of fact almost impractical until you have studied every farmer has an automobile, or a r,arefully the possibility of adapting it.

horse and buggy. The farmers' wives MISSION STUDY IN THE COUNTRY and the farmers' daughters are learning to drive the automobiles. Fortu- CHURCH nately the farmer doesn't have to have the automobile to plow or harrow. A young college student became The work on the farm doesn't have to greatly interested in Mission Study. stop if his wife or daughter takes the Such a thing as a Mission Study Class car to go to a missionary meeting. had never been thought of in the Along the way automobile-less neigh- country church from which he came. bors may be picked up. An ever-in- For months the pUlpit of that church creasing mileage of good .roads is had been vacant, as it frequently was, helping to make possible larger as- due to ever recurring dissensions and semblages in the rural community. divisions. The student was not an es- We need to readjust our thinking and pecially brilliant man. He was rather to test our .reasons and see whether slow of speech. No whirlwind camthey are merely perennial excuses. paign would have considered him, but he had conviction, determination, per- A field worker who has spent recent sistence and faith. He was convinced months in work among rural churches that the doors of his church should says. "I am convinced that the impos- not remain closed simply because there sibility of getting together for a mi,,- was no pastor,and that at least the sionary meeting in a country church young people might meet together for is an attitude of mind handed down mission study and worship. He defrom one generation to another." termined that he would help to ar- range for such meetings. He met all Let us make new plans with new rlifficulties with persistence and faith. conditions-good roads, automobiles, Each Sundav he went back home from telephones, radio before us. college for the Mission Study at the ADOPT, ADAPT, ADEPT country church. A program of wor- Some one has said that the three ship was planned in connection with words whieh explain the marvelous the study. Soon almost the entire con- growth of Japan's power and influ- gregation was in attendance. The ence, since that nation began to adopt little group that was really doing the western ways of thought, are adopt, study work made plans for presenting adapt, adept. the chapters in different ways to en- Leaders in rural churches may be list the interest of all the people.

similarly adept in adopting and adap- The closin~ day of the study came ting the various methods used success- and with it plans for an all-day moot- fully in city and town churches. ing with "dinner on the grounds."

Sometimes the substitution of a Two missionary leaders were invited candle for an electric light, or the to be present~one to speak in the flowers and ferns of the mountains mornin/! and the other in the after- for those of the hothouse is an advan- noon. It semed that the time had tap:e rather than a disadvantage. come to give an opportunitv :for the ex- The tragedy of making artificial pression of impressions. The mission- palms for pageant decoration in a llr~' gifts of that congregation'had been land.of waving palm trees with a veri- n(,gligible. The chief effort heretofore table wilderness of natural branches had been expended in protestations an around, simply because the printed that the assessment or apportionment

1924J BEST METHODS

for missions was entirely too high. to the other side of the world and others who would be missionaries and Deficits were always to be expected. missionary work.ers at home.

The young student prayed and Another school teacher who had a delightful village home with a lawn planned that the support of a native shaded by great trees invited a group of teen age girls to spend an hour with pastor in Japan might result from this her on her porch or lawn every Sun- day afternoon for eight weeks. The class. In advance of the meeting he invitation was eagerly accepted and under the trees during the summer prepared a calendar chart showing months a group of eight girls studied 365 days. ~~t the morning meeting, " Comrades in Service."

following an inspiring address, a state- ment was made about the need for native pastors. The cost of support for such a pastor' was announced as $1.25 a day. Different individuals as- sumed a day or a week. The student THERE IS SOMETHING IN A NAME who was living most economically to help himself through college pledged A new school teacher moved into a a month's support. Soon the entire rural community. She didn't move in amount was assumed. A new day as a revolutionist. People scarcely dawned for that church. Instead of realized that she was making changes trying "t.o get out of" paying an as- until they were made.

sessment levied tbo'vgetht eindteon"otmheinpartiiovin~ The boys and girls who lived in the effort was" scattered farm houses stretched out lege of assuming a share in the work along the five miles between the coun- in which they were interested. try schoolhouse and the church in the In another community a school little, village, said it was absolutely teacher in a mountain district decided impossible to walk to the church for ~hc would have a Mission Study Class the monthly missionary meeting, but for boys and girls. She had attended everyone was enthusiastic when the a Summer Conference and had become teacher proposea a Saturday hike with very enthusiastic over Mission Study knapsacks and provisions for an out- possibilitie,:;. To keep the enthusiasm door meal along the way. The teach- aglow back in her lonely mountain er with the boys and girls nearest the district was a difficult task. No one schoolhouse started out in the morn- there knew anything of missions or ing and were joined by other eager mission study. The children came boys and girls from t.he various farm from remote ·sections. There seemed honses along the way. By a spring no chance for a snecial assembla!1'e on the outskirts of the villagc they after they had once /rone home. To fried bacon, scrambled eggs and roast- popularize "staving in aft.er school" ed potatoes. At two o'clock they were seem<'d an impossible task. but !'the ac- at the church ready for the missionary complished it. Sbe announced that meeting. A walk would have heen evel'V one who wOllld stay after school tiresome. A hike was a treat. Once could be in the Mission StudY Class. a month when the weather was good and learn Rbout pl10ple who lived on thev were ready for a similar hike the other side or the world. Most of with three Saturdays each month left the boys and girls did not know anv- for other things. '

thing- about the Deople who lived on RECRUITING GROUNDS the other fide oi' the mountain even. The great search today in all im- portant enterprises is the search f01· Thev were soon fascinatf'd with the men. Some- time al<o Charles M. Schwab announced that the onl;v quesother side of the world. Pel'Severin!>'- tion to be considered bv his company in openinlt a new plant was-men. lv the tell.~her kent at her ilifiicult tllsk Sites. be said. are always to be had. Money can always be m'ade available. with faith to believe that Rome dav there would come from her clear-eyed boys and l!ir1.~ of the mountains. men and women who would themselves go

The real question is, ean the men be The church was filled to the doors found to make the plant successfulT with men and women and a few small In both home and foreign mission children. On the front seat at every enterprises also the real question is session there sat a little boy with keen -men. Given the right sort of men brown eyes. He seemed never to tire and they will lay hold of all the re- of the discussions or the addresses.

sources of God and of their fellowmen. When pictures and curios of other The best recruiting ground for mis- lands were displayed he was all eager sionary leadership is the country attention. During the announcements church. We do well to study especially of missionary literature he noted es- recruiting methodB ill the light of con- pecially one book for sale and left the ditions in the country church. ehurch to go to his home near by to PLANNING MISSIONARY ITINERARIES. empty his savings bank to get money to buy that book. The visit of a returned missionary to New York or Chicago or San Fran- Today a careful review of that concisco is not a matter to excite general gregation reveals not a single man or comment or interest. Missionaries woman whose life was known to have of distination have even been known been greatly changed by that meetto speak in these and other great cities ing, but that one boy has given his to almost empty pews. life to Christian service and is now a pastor and missionary leader of in- The coming of a returned mission- fluence. ary to a rurlll communi.ty is an entire- Iv different matter. The fact that A SUBSTITUTE MEETING. Have you ~isits from missionaries are rare adds ever tried a substitute meeting? Inimportance to the occasion. The stead of missionaries from various event is discussed before and after it~ lands, appoint substitutes to represent occurrence. There are seldom any them. Make a team of substitute miHvacant seats. Ther<! are among us sionaries as speakers. Mrs. A. is as~ those who will never forget the day 011 signed to represent some missionary which the first foreign missionary we from Africa, Mrs. B. may be a we;lhad ever seen came to our little rural known doctor of China and so on. church and challenged us to lift np Speakers are expected to study the our eyes and look upon some countr.'~ work most carefully and to be able to that had previously had no place in nre&ent it from the standpoint of the missionaries whom they represent. the world of our interest. Such a team of speakers may go to Do not leave out the country church several churches for a series of meet- ing-s. Attractive announcements and when you plan missionary itineraries. invitations may be made stating the It may not be possible to have mis- universal desire to have certain wellsionaries or secretaries visit each known missionaries present, and the church. Often members from the faet that they will be represented by churches of an entire county may be substitutes, who will present their gathered for an all-day meeting. work. Frequently a grou'!) of churches may join in such a meeting. Sometimes a On the program announce: missionary rally for boys and' girls of :MiRS Blank-substituting for Dr. Ida a rural community may be arranged. Scudder. Often the most lasting as well as the Mr. Blank-substituting for Sam Higgin· most far-reaching influence or a mis- bottom, etc.

sionary visit is with the boys alid girls. COUNTY OR COMMUNITY CON- In a little country church in the TESTS south, twenty years ago, a missionary day was arranged as part of a synod '8 MISSIONARY EXHmITS AT THE COUN- program. No one had thought in TY FAIR. Some counties have fairs terms of the children oj' the com- that are creditable, and worth while.

munity. They may be made more worth while

BEST MEl'HODS

by the presentation of exhibits by to do so, donating a book on each various missionary agencies. Posters, birthday. eharb, and maps, giving interesting facts should be displayed. A large The books, of course, should be map of the world with a small electric chosen or approved by a committee light, or a flag placed to show the sta- in order to make a well balanced lition of each worker from the county brary. or community, who has gone into missionary service, is valuable. Pictures Often there are individuals who will of the work being done, and booths of donate missionary books to the Sun- different lands showing curios and ob- day-school library if some one will jects illustrative of life and customs keep them informed from time to time add greatly to such an exhibit. Poster of the new books that should be addcontests should be announced before- ed. There are almost no country hand in various periodicals and churches that have really worthwhile churches. missionary libraries, yet here lies pos- sibility for influencing lives in a way A Cmmty Missionary Reunion. A that can scarcely be overestimated. number of counties and communities have held successful reunions, most of A pastor of a rich city church said which have been in the form of a sum- rec~ntly, "We are very much limited mer pilmic with addresses in a park, in our outlook. There are only a few picnic ground or an auditorium. children in our entire congregation."

Special features may be: Why not invest in futures-in the boys and girls in some country con- 1. Missionary music led by a good gregation that has no adequate library director. by supplying them with worth-while booksf 2. Presentation of missionaries and addresses. MISsroNARY PERIODICALS. "I should like to give Everyla,nd to a large num- 3. A pageant or a,number of short ber of boys and girls in mountain dis- dramatizations. tricts, " said a woman in a School of II'Iissions. What an opportunity for 4. A missionary story telling or dec- service! A magazine in the name of a lamation contest. There may be spe- child who receives little mail means cial missionary games and stories for every word read eagerly. In thinking groups of children. of the children who will playa large part in the world's future, think not The preliminary contests may be only of those who are in homes of carried on all the year. A story con- we~Ith and power, but of Mr. Bab- test, for instance, may be held in each son's ·statistics on the obscure origin local church with the understanding of men of great affairs. that the winners may enter. for the county or community finals. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD should have a far larger circu- MISSIONARY LITERATURE IN THE lation in rural communities. At a convention attended largely by dele- COUNTRY CHURCH gates from country churches, there was a feeling of "no use trying to If a missionary library is essential take subscriptions to the REVIEW here. in a city with large public libraries Country people will not subscribe." near at hand, it is doubly necessary in However, sample copies were dis- the rural community. Each church played, an announcement made and may have its own books or there may almost thirty subscriptions received. be a community missionary library. If a thorough systematic effort were made to circulate the REVIEW in rural One library was started by each churches, a liberal course in mission- member of a society donating one ary education would result. . book. The books thus obtained were circulated among all the members. A Do NOT OVERLOOK: THE COUNTY Birthday Library may be maintained by each member, or as many as care

PAPER. Almost unrecognized and un- ally disappear; if the people do not used as a missionary possibility has want jazz music, it will be discarded; been the county paper, yet it is doubt- if the people do want magazine seC- ful whether any other periodical has tions they will be added; if the peo- a higher ·average of circulation, in a ple do want grand opera it will community and a more thorough and replace the jazz orchestra-that is, if interested reading. Certainly few the people will say so. editors are 80 easy of access as are the editors of county papers, and few If a sufficient number of consumers columns so open to the people as are say that they would like to have at a the columns of these weekly sheets. certain hour each week a missionary address on a certain subject, the pro- Each denomination should have a ducers are likely to arrange for that publicity representative. These rep- address. resentatives of the evangelical chu,rch- es of the community may form a Is there an almost undreamed-of publicity committee. possibility here ~ In the coming year all the churches of America will be To the bare notices of meetings, studying the various races and China. items of larger meaning may be added. Cannot arrangements be made that a Is a Thank-offering meeting to be an- course of radio lectures be given dur- nounced T Add to it the total amount ing the periods in which the largest of the Thank-offering of the society or number of classes are to be held? An- church last year; tell what the entire nouncement could be made long denomination gave as a Thank-offer- enough in advance so that in the most ing; comment upon the work accom- isolated country home equipped with plished by the Thank:offering-a radio, the lectures could be heard. hospital built in India, a school maintained in China, homes established in Every Hour oftheU many lands. Is there to be a Mission Study Class begun or concluded? Use Somewhere' the opportunity to give publicity to Your Church some of the most interesting facts pre- is sented. The study of each chapter of "The Debt Eternal" as presented 'W'hM:pan~ ,.o..a p,. lO ha~ "'" with special reference to community conditions would furnish interesting ,_ ~ ' $I(I~ mmure-.$600 an items for publication. b.,ur…,.u M:CdoJ to kt'r tbt W~ During the course of a year a num- WOl'k oftN~ ~ ber of missionaries may visit various churches. Invite the editor to dine ~ IMJ.B " – N'I J~4· TMa.C" » Ma,t with them as they come and go, or a ~minlow"'»,~ ~ . have the missionaries call on the editor. If in addition to the information which the editor may glean in an interview the missionary hands him a sheet on which he has written some of the important facts about his mission, world condition:;; and international relationship8, there is yet a larger possibility of better space and more accurate statements.

WHAT DOES RADIO OFFER? .A POST ER OJ' THF; C ONGREGATIONAL C H URCH ES, EXHlJ3ITED AT THE I NDIANAPOLI S CONVE~TION "What the people want" is the deciding factor in what business concerns offer. If the people do not want colored supplements they will eventu-

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY COOPERATION IN STATES AND best method yet devised for securing cooperation in Home Missions. OTHER AREAS The deputation visitors and the From the report of the Committee for 1923, local missionary leaders divided into Lemuel Call Barnes, Chairman. six teams and visited various sections of Northern California, partly by rail In June and July a deputation vis- and partly by automobiles, starting ited Southern Idaho, Northern Cali- June 22 and returning to San Franfornia, Oregon, Western Washington, cisco June 29, where reports and allo- Eastern Washington and Wyoming. cations of responsibility were made. In Idaho arrangements had been made by the President and Secretary of the A conference of one day was held Idaho Home Missions Council, which with the Western Washington Home had been organized a year and a half Missions Council, which was organized earlier by an entirely independent in connection with a visit of a depu- Idaho movement, the Council having tation some years ago, and which has an admirable constitution, officially been active ever since, going so far in endorsed by nearly all the leading de- its early life as to make an allocation nominations in the state. These of respoI,!sibilities throughout most of brethren had. divided the deputation, its area. That feature of its work, along with state administrators of however, had not been closely followed missions, into five teams, and had ar- up, and the brethren assembled deranged for public meetings every eve- cided that there should be are-study ning, in the places visited from June of the field similar to those now being 10th to 19th. A state missionary lead- made in other states. er was chairman of each team, which. acted as a committee, and brought in A study, showing church provisions reports and recommendations. After in 573 places of 1,000 population and careful discussion, allocations of re- less is as follows: N[;MBER 0'- CHURCHES TOTAL With Without Places Population None Five Four Three Two 07l'e Churches Chwrches 70 1,000-500 13 1 1 7 17 31 57 13 239 500-100 143 0 0 2 13 81 96 143 264 100-10 223 0 0 1 0 40 41 223 573 1,000-10 379 1 10 30 152 194 379 sponsibility were made by the Council A ('onference of one day was held throughout Southern Idaho. with leaders of Home Mission work in In Northern California there has the Inland Empire (which includes been a comity committee for some Eastern Washington and Northern years, which grew out of conferences Idaho), and they voted to create an convened by deputations of former organization, lind appointed a com- years. This comity council, on its own mittee to consummate the same. They initiative, has recently reorganized requested that a deputation visit their itself as the Home Missions Council of area later for the purpose of allocat- Northern California, adopting as its jng responsibilities in the expansion foundation, the" Principles" adopted and prosecution of Home Mission by the Home Missions Council of work.

Montana, in 1919, and declaring that An interdenominational Home Mis- the "EVERY – COMMUNrry Service" sion organization, growing out of pre- plan!! adopted in Montana seemed the vious deputation visits, had ceas~d t9 ~9p

function so completely that the breth- have any semblance of competition, ren voted to organize a Home Missions but that 66% of all the places tabu- Council for Oregon and took meas- lated are without religious provision ures to that end, but to leave the ques- of any kind. Precise figures have not tion of a deputation visit, for the been gathered in any other state, but purpose of allocating responsibility, it is the opinion of the deputation, without action at present. after traveling over great portions of The deputation met state leaders in the three states studied at large, that Western Wyoming, July 12, Teams similar .facts exist throughout the were made up for visiting the state, Northwest. We believe that more than which came together again the eve- one half of the neighborhoods which ning of JUly 19, when it was voted to have more or less community life of form a permanent organization. The their own, are without any regular report of a committee on principles of religious ministry, and great numbers organization was adopted, the" Prin- of them without any religious minis- ciples" being substantially those of try whatever.

Montana and Northern California. A We recommend that the national date was fixed for completion of or- Home Mission boards also make a ganization and allocation of respon- study of the situation in respect to sibility. 'fhe National Home Missions rural communities where there is now Council was requested to send a rep- but one evangelical church, with a resentative. at least annually. view to concentrating effort so as to The spirit of cooperation is greatly make that church more efficient.

reinforced, as compared with former Recent study shows that more than years. The leaders of all denomina- 1,300 churches throughout the North- tions at work in these areas are far ern Baptist Convention are in com- more active in a cooperative direction munities where there is no other than formerly. A large factor in the evangelical church. The standard progress is the new spirit of service adopted was that of the United States which is replacing the spirit of de- census, counting as rural everything nominational aggrandizement. under 2,500 population. The Western There are not a few serious in- Washington study took 1,000 popula- stances of overlapping, concerning tion as the standard. A recent Meth- some of which there is hope of early odist Episcopal study takes 10,000 as correction, by conference of those im- the standard. If the facts could be mediately involved. Concerning many gathered on some uniform standard, others, the overlapping is far more they would show the vast field already serious in appearance, when stated in occupied without any competition~ figures, than it is when studied in the We recommend that a campaign be field, because many of the churches inaugurated, calling the attention of enumerated are either of foreign- the churches supporting the mission- speaking groups, who are not yet fully ary enterprise to two things: First.

Americanized, or of sporadic sects, the large number of neglected fields; which do not cooperate in general second, the large number of fields al- movements of the Kingdom of God. ready occupied without competition; The instances of overlooking are so and that endeavor be made by each of much more numerous than those of the denominations, to establish at least overlapping, that the great stress of in each state, one new strong occupa- Home Mission activity must be in tion of a field now occupied by no one, meeting the unmet needs of the peo- and to strengthen greatly, for demon- ple. For example: The remarkable stration purposes, at least one church table prepared by the Western Wash- already existing as the only evangel- ington Home Missions· Council shows ical church in the community. .

that of the small places which have We also urge that the growing sense any church, 78% have only one of local obligation for work be culti- church, leaving but 22% which could vated and that no tendency be en-

WOMAN;S HOME MISStON BtJLLETIN :lO1

couraged to turn to national boards to do it soon, others have adopted the for work which can be done better by essential plans and principles, and the field itself. still another is asking for a similar movement at an early day. In other We have traversed great stretches words, this very delicate and difficult of sparsely settled country, where undertaking-sectarian readjustment there is no hope, in the near future, of -has, in less than a dozen years made establishing churches, in some of them positive, intensely practical, organic even Sunday-schools, but where a vital advance in a solid block of seven Gospel ministry may be provided states in the northwest section of the through colporteurs or other itinerant country, with yet another continguous workers, however designated, and we state farther east asking for it. When recommend that in fields allocated to this situation in the Northwest is denominational responsibility, some coupled with the entirely distinct provision be made for that kind of achievements in a similar direction by house-to-house ministry so as to reach two New England states, and by a every home within the field of respon- number of cities, while others are apsibility, at regular and frequent proaching it, your deputation is conintervals. Your deputation was con- vinced that the endeavor to secure vinced by observation that the Home sYl;ltematic, coordinate, practical coop- Department of the Sunday-school can eration in Home Missions, in place of be used to great advantage in such haphazard and sometimes eompetitive action, is as sure as the riRing of the sections. sun. It is obviously imbedded in the We find seyeral somewhat distinct providential order.

forms of interdenominational state The deputation haa scarcely reached Home Mission organizations and be- New York when overtures were made lieve that any organization desired by by leaders in North Dakota asking the state forces, which does not en- that a similar study-visit be made in deavor to become a court of rulers, that state. We are now informed that but rather a conference·of brethren, all the leading denominations wish it may be made efficient. Our convic- and it is expected the coming summer. tion is, that the spirit of Christ in the state administrators is the supreme THE MIRACLE OF SPRING solvent of all problems. After the dead leaves falling, Deputations have now demonstrated After the winter's snow, the cumulative value of pushing with After the March wind's blowing, patience as well as persistence. Near- Deep irr the sod below, ly twelve years ago a deputation vis- Things that in sleep were dreaming, ited all the far western states, holding Seeds of a life now past joint conferences with state leaders, Stir with a life renewing to face the facts together. Ten years Under the stormy blast. ago substantially the same deputation visited selected states for more extend- God, overhead, is keeping ed conferences and the initiation of Always his watchful care cooperative endeavor. Four years ago And never a springtime faileth one of these states asked for the very Its blossoms of incense ,·are. definite undertaking known as the The bitter within the tree trunks "EVERy-COMMUNITY Service Endeav- Is sweetening under the sun, or. " The movement was then for a And under the lash of the north wind time greatly retarded by the disap- Upward life forces run. pointments connected with the swift plans of the Interchurch World Move- God knows it will soon be summer. ment. Even so, it has come to pass He knows that the winter is gone, that three more of the states, previ- That his smile will melt the snowdrifts ously visited, have now fully inaugu- For the flowers to feast upon, rated the "EVERy-COMMUNITY Serv- And he that is faint and weary And he who is winter-worn ice Endeavor," two others have voted May know that his south wind bloweth The cold from his Easter Morn.

-Alwe Amelia Flagg. EDITED BY MISS SARAH H. POLHEMTJS, NEW YORK A NEW UNION ENTERPRISE she shrank from having her name The Margaret Williamson Hospital given to this work, and it was with is now under a union committee of difficulty her friends persuaded her to four women's Boards-the Women's let it stand. The hospital will al- Missionary Co.uncH of the Methodist ways bear the name of Margaret Wil- Episcopal Church, South, the Amer- liamson, and its work will always be ican Baptist, the Woman's Board of evangelistic and evangelical, for those the Reformed Church in America, and are the terms upon which it is now the Woman's Missionary Society of being contributed to by the Women's America. Missionary Union for the larger work. The Hospital is nearly forty years old and we like to think of her his- In 1883 Dr. Elizabeth Reifsnyder went to China as the first medical mistory in decades. M. That history began, we do not know sionary of the Woman's Union 1S- sionary Society. Dr. Reifsnyder could have made a brilliant success in her just when. The thought and plan profession at home-she gave her life were born in the heart of a noble freely to the cause of Christ among woman, one of the charter members of poor burdened Oriental women and the Woman's Union Missionary So- children, and it became a brilliant succiety, Margaret Woodsworth William- cess in China. Dr. Reifsnyder built son. Mrs. Williamson, whose maiden the hospital and became its superin- name was Margaret Woodsworth, be- tendent. The funds employed for the came an orphan when she was a small building and maintenance were partly child. Her early life was not an easy Mrs. Williamson's first gift, together one, for she lacked money for com- with a bequest in her will for this forts and the education she craved. work, and partly the generous con- Perhaps this is why even from early tributions of Chinese friends whom years her heart was always going out Dr. Reifsnyder interested in the pro- to those who were sad, or needy, or ject. To this g90d doctor's skill and alone. She became a dressmaker and splendid executive ability, her un~ir­ a successful one. Her sweet nature ing work, and, above all, her devotIOn and utter unselfishness endeared her to the Chinese and to the cause of to her customers, who gave her friend- Christ in China, is due, in great meas- ship and love. lUre, the success of the hospital.

It is good to know that after the After ten years the hospital had years of struggle, she married a man grown and outgrown its first bound- who adored her and made her very aries so that new wards were added.

happy. But in the midst of happiness Thousands of women had received and easy circumstances she never lost healing for their bodies within its the habit of self-denial that she might walls; thousands had heard the Gos- have more to give. She gave every- pel of Life through the ministry of where and with a royal hand. One of the Bible women and the missionaries her gifts was the money to found Mills in dispensaries and wards. In the Seminary, now Mills College, the one dispensary in 1894 there was Ii daily institution exclusively for higher edu- average of over ninety-three persons cation of women on the Pacific Coast. who came for treatment, to say noth- In 1882 ]frs. Williamson gave the ing of the well ones who accompanied sum of five thousand dollars as a them, so that the opportunities for nucleus for the building of the hos- giving the Christian message were pital in Shanghai. In her humility great. The tenth year also marked 302 the arrival of Dr. Emily Garner as wards and maternity, and of over Dr. Reifsnyder's a8sociate. 50,000 in the daily dispensary, during The hospital grew steadily during the year. The receipts in China for the second decade of her history in that year were equal to about eight influence and usefulness, in oppor- thousand dollars in gold.

tunities to make Christ known, and to The report just received states that lead women one by one to Him, and throughout the year 1922 the capacity in the development of native financial of the hospital has been taxed. No support. In 1898 the main building one needing treatment has been was destroyed by fire; only two wards, turned away because of lack of funds the operating room and a small to pay the ward price of thirty cents amount of beds and bedding were a day; but many with funds to pay saved. All books, records, drug-room would not enter because of no empty appliances, drugs and surgical sup- private rooms. Seven private rooms plies, all bedding and some new iron will be added to the capacity of the beds went with the building. The hospital when the nurses training dauntless staff began to work as soon school moves into its new dormitory as possible, dividing the Wells Wil- now under construction.

liams Ward, which had been saved, Efficiency has been increased by with temporary board partitions, thus the installation of a telephone system.

making a place for the daily patients. The increase in number of nurses has During the year that immediately fol- provided better care of the patients.

lowed the fire, 341 persons were ad- The clinics now number seven: sur- mitted to the wards and over 26,000 gery, medicine, dentistry, oto-laryn- dispensary patients were treated. The gology, ophthalmology, gynecology, disaster called forth a wealth of sym- and pre-post natal. Twice a week pathy and kindness on every side. there are also special vaccination clin- Scarcely had the building burned be- ics. It has been difficult to care prop- fore a subscription was started by the erly for so many clinics in a few leading daily paper of Shanghai, and rooms. There is great need for a dis- foreigners and Chinese responded pensary building.

generously. Before the close of the A wonderful ambulance, pushed at second ten-year period, Dr. Reifsny- stern, pulled at bow, bumps along the der was writing in her report, "The streets~ violating all speed laws, at the hospital is not large enough to ac- rate of one mile an hour, casually roll- commodate all who apply." The ing a prospective ruptured appendix greatest need was for a separate build- or an imminent prospective mother.

ing for the increasing number of ma- In addition to the need of a motor am- ternity cases. The report for the bulance, the hospital's most glaring twentieth year shows that 45,700 pa- needs are for a building containing tients were treated at the dispensary private rooms for medical and sur- and nearlv 700 in the wards. Fees gical cases, tubercular wards and chil- and contributions received on the field dren's wards, and a dispensary were over four thousand dollars in building. gold. The 'evangelistic work in the dis- It was during the third decade that pensary, wards, private rooms and the long-hoped-for Maternity Build- homes has been carried on faithfully ing was completed. This was a beau- with much prayer and faith by Miss tiful building that was made possible Mary Irvine and the Bible women. A by the bequest of Miss Emily Stevens Chinese Home Missionary Society of Princeton,- New Jersey. At the with its members from among nurses, close of the thirtieth year from the doctors and servants, has permeated time our first dispensary was opened its enthusiasm and devotion through and foundations for the hospital laid, the hospital. The hospital, in addi- the annual report mentioned an at- tion to the ordinary medical services tendance of over 1,000 patients in to the community, has been privileged

to assist in "Better Baby Contests" forth with the message of Jesus Christ, and the coming for one year of Dr. the Great Physician of Souls. l<-'lorence Kraker, Professor of Clinical Obstetrics, Women's Medical Col- We shall need to pray mor8–not lege of Pennsylvania, is making it less, for the work. Prayer will be the greatest need, as it always has been, possible for the hospital to offer short and the greatest of our resources. And courses of special clinical work in ob- as we pray let us thank God for this stetrics to young Chinese women doc- new opportunity, and ask Him to tors. guide us still and lead on to greater things than we can dream. The hospital is about to incorporate and to open a medical school for Chi- PERSONALITIES nese women on the Margaret Williamson Foundation at China New Year By MISS CARRIE M. KERSCHNER time, 1924. One new building for the medical school has just been com- There have been many articles, even pleted and another is about to be books, written on Personality-whetherected-the latter is given by the er it is born in us or whether it may Methodist Episcopal Church, South, be acquired. You have sometimes aB a part of the Belle H. Bennett shaken hands with a person and have Memorial. had to look long and hard into his eyes to see if there was anyone there. The new Board in America has as Then again you have shaken hands its fir&t Chairman, Mrs. Henry W. with others and have had to look Peabody. Other women's boards hav- pretty hard to see if you were there. ing mission work in China hope to Emerson says "Every institution is unite in the project. the lengthened shadow of a man." From another source we quote "Per- From this time we hope to make the sonality is the distillation of our daily Margare.t Williamson Hospital a cen- needs. It is the silt on our souls left ter for training Christian nurses, who by the passing over it of millions of shall go out not simply as vocational workers, but as evangelists of the thoughts and acts. It is the flavor of Good News of Christ. Working closely with the American Section will be our lives." Dr. Frank Crane says a China Section of the Board of Di- "We enter into this world as separate rectors, resident in Shanghai, com- personalities; hard and irreducible posed of the executive members of the personalities; our life's problem is to staff of the Training School, and combine with others." strong evangelical Christian women of the community, both Chinese and A mother wonders why her child is foreign. The Margaret Williamson petulant or selfish. She insists she has always warned her against being Hospital will still be a hospital; it so and has taught her more altruistic will still minister to thousands of standards of action. The trouble is Chinese women and children, offering that the mother's life has taught anas always, :vith physical help and heal- other lesson. She herself has been ing, the ministry of the Gospel, but it petulant and selfish. That was the will also be a school. It hopes to train flavor of her life; and her child has many evangelistic workers, some as been thus flavored. Christian trained nurses, others to become specialists in obstetrical work, To give things to people may leave such workers being one of the great them much as they were before; but needs of China; others to go out as to have personality to bestow-raditeachers of hygiene in public and ant-triumphant-contagious – that private schools, thus helping in the not only changes circumstances, it great problem of public health, others changes men. Said a girl to a woman still to help in the problem of eradi- one day, "May I sit down aside of cating tuberculosis, a greater scourge you 1 You give me such a nice feel- ing. " in China than in America-all to go It is said of Francis Xavier that "Sometimes when the brothers were

1924J WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

sad, the way they took to become hap- launched a new force where we may py was to go and look at him." hope to interest a greater number of women. And in our mIssionary ad- Christ said "Come ye after me and dresses; in tl1e presentation of vital I will make you." It seems to me facts, and statistics to our audiences; that we have been dwelling too long in our efforts to increase the circulaon the latter part of the verse which is tion of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF "fishers of men." The important fact THE WORLD and our own denominais that Jesus was the one who was to tional magazines; in our Summer take the disciples and do the making. Schools of Missions, all of which are So He will make everyone into some- mediums through which more interest thing useful if we give Him a chance. may be aroused, our Christ-fired per- "When God would move men, He first sonality will win. It is not an easy moves one man" and so in our mis- task set before us. Victorious personsionary leaders we have the "moved" ality is not the fruit of cloistered men and women upon whom falls the piety. It can be achieved only on the responsibility to "move" others. field of battle after hours of prayer and preparation. As a result of one How to develop more power among such truly Christ-fired personality we women and how to interest a greater have recorded the baptism by the number~ We have heard much since Spirit of thousands at Pentecost. The we came here on right relationships history of every great Christian with the nations of the world. Where achievement is one of answered do we stand on right relations prayer; and the story of the Chriswith the peopl~ who may appear com- tian religion and the spread of the monplace right around us ~ Do we go Kingdom through the missionary enabout "seeking" as our Master did? terprise is the story of personality in- The Master's specialty was folk in fluenced by personality; rebirth conwhom nobody else could see much stantly the product of the reborn. good. Simon Peter, the woman at the ,'Come ye after me and I will make well, the woman taken in adultery you." have become unforgetable characters since Jesus met them. Only by His Do You Know EVERYLAND! insight, His appreciation, His patience, His undiscourageable faith in A Most Interesting Magazine of human possibilities did He transform World Friendship for Boys and Girls them. And so our women by the transforming Spirit of Christ will pnbli~hed by the themselves receive power and pass it Central Committee on· the United Study of on to others. Foreign Missions. Alice Freeman Palmer was once re- Editor–MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY proved because she did not do more Associate Editor-MISS LUCILE GULLIVER lecturing; to which out of her passion for personal service, she replied: "It Department Editors is people that count. You want to MISS MARGARET T. ApPLEGARTH put yourself into people; they touch other people; these, others still, and MRS. HOSMER BILLINGS so you go on working forever." MRS. E. C. CRoNK Our source of power is Christ; He is the well that never runs dry. The Publication Offl.ce: (West Medford), Boston, One who supplies the power after His Mass. spirit has come upon us to become witnesses unto Him. Editorial Office: 300 Ford Building, Boston, Mass. If it be true that we have not been able to interest mllny women because Good Things in EVERYLAND for April we are presenting our missionary enterprise in terms of 50 years ago, we The Guardian of the Chulpa. Willis K. .Tones see in the Vassar Institute about to be Garments in the Way……………… ..

5 · ………… Margaret T. Applegarth Alice iII Search of Wonderland ………. .

· ………….. Minna McEuen Meyer 'I'he Little Brothers of Spina ………… .

· ………………. Ruth Mason Rice Gloria and the Wicked Frog …………. .

· …………………. Estel Critchie l'lveryland Exchange …. Katharine 8. Cronk Grandmother '8 Story Page ………. _… .

· ………………. Lucy W. Peabody

fROM MANY

INDIA busy streets. There are over 50 dif- Gandhi Freed from Prison ferent Protestant denominations and I T is not clear, the Continent thinks, missionary institutions at work in the that the release from prison of the city. non-cooperationist nationalist leader of India, Mohandas Gandhi, marks Training Indian Leader.

M the beginning of a new policy on the ISSIONARIES of all denomina- tions realize that the training of part of the English Government toward India. The immediate cause Christian teachers and leaders is one of his release was his ill health, based of the pressing duties which face the on advice of physicians who said it Church in India. Each year some would take him six months to regain 6,000 adult converts and about 10,000 his health' under most favorable COll- children of Christian parents are be- ditions. Gandhi has been a very ing baptized in the missions of the tractable and quiet prisoner, and has Church Missionary Society in India endeared himself to many by under- alone, making now a total of 270,000.

taking menial tasks in the prison. It Many of them cannot read or write, is said that he has spent much of his and unless the Christian Church leisure time reading the Bible. makes a big effort they will remain ignorant and the children will grow Christianity and the Masses lip untaught. The one way out is the SEEING the work of Christian mis- raising up of a big company of Chris- sionaries among the 60,000,000 tian Tndian teachers. Boarding outcastes of India, one of the Nation- . schools are being established where alist leaders declared: "After all, pi<>ked boys and girls can be sent for when it comes to practice, Christianity more intensive teaching than is posalone is effecting what we nationalists sible in a village school; from these are crying out for-namely, the eleva- "vocational" schools some of the pupils will pass on to a teachers' traintion of the masses." ' ing school, and after a time of prac· Calcutta-That Great City tical experience as a teacher (perhaps as the only teacher in full charge of a I N Calcutta, there live 1,327,547 village school) they will come back souls, of whom 854,582 cannot read for still further training. It is a or write. In all the creeds are 43,- colossal task! The congregations in 680 Christians, including, approxi- India are mostly poor and it is beyond mately 25,000 Europeans. In 1921 the power of Indian outcastes to pay 386 infants died out of every 1,000, for Christian education; that for the while for the citv 39.3 was the death present must be undertaken by misrate with onlv a·17.1 birth rate. Cal- sionary societies.

cutta uses 5i" varieties" of tongues, and more! THE Calcutta is India's Greatest Port; A New Leper Settlement India's Great Banking Center; India's United Free Church of Scot- Great Industrial Center; and (omit- land has authorized its Madras ting Burma) India'8 Oil DiBtributing Mission Council to comply with the Center; the home of the beautiful urgent request of the Government of Jain Temple, the famous Kali Ghat, the Madras Presidency, and under- and many other great places of inter- take the management of the new est. Cows and goats run loose in the institution at Tirumani near Chingle- 3015 put for the care of Indian lepers. The might work be turned over to the in- Mission to Lepers has agreed to pro- digenous Church, and to what extent vide the salary of the Missionary might work be reduced or eliminated T Superintendent, and the cost of the "There were some tense moments," rest of the settlement will be borne by writes Miss Marion A. Beebe of Henthe Government, including the sal- zada, "when reduction of work dear aries of a medical missionary, a ma- to the hearts of SQme was considered, tron, and probably one or more nurses. but that there would be an increasing There are 400 leper patients now in support of the work by the indigenous a leper asylum in Madra:; who will be churches was felt by all. When they transferred to the new settlement as were first asked to undertake the sup- SQon as it is opened, and it is intended port, of the 11yingyan field, they felt to provide eventually for 3,000 lepers. that it was too great a burden, but The leading government officials have upon hearing that the Mission had repeatedly expressed their conviction voted to close the educational work that the new institution must be there, a committee asked the conferunder missionary control if it is to ence to defer action till they might achieve the best results. Government, make some arrangements for carrying they have said, can finance such un- it on." dertakings, but they cannot give to them that tone and spirit which is Indian Mission for Tibet such a no~able feature of mission institutions. THE National Missionary Society of India has responded to the Boy Scouts Help an OuteRste challenge of Tibet, and proposes to follow in the footsteps of men like Ap ATROL of high-caste Indian Sadhu Sundar Singh, who has of late scouts from a mission school of made Tibet his special field of labor the Church Missionary Society found during certain months of the year. a poor woman of the lowest caste on While the Sadhu will not become the roadside dying of influenza. Many identified with the work of the society, people had seen her and passed by he has consented to select two suitwithout helping; it would have been able missionaries whom he will guide against their caste to have done SQ. on tours in Tibet and other Hima- But to the scouts it was a matter of layan states. When not on tour, these humanity, and they at once carried men will make their headquarters in her to the hospital. The hospital re- Sabathu in the Simla hills, where they fused to take her in, but the scouts can continue to work among the hill stuck to their work, and at last got tribes. The new effort starts in April, the police to help them. When asked and, proceeding without the complexto write their names, the patrol leader ity of organization and equipment refused, saying that scouts do not ad- that generally marks the advance of a vertise their deeds. 'Vestern missionary society, will take up the task of introducing Christ in Baptist Proolems in Burma what has been one of the most inac- cessible parts of the world. AT the annual meeting of the Bur- ma Baptist Missionary Confer- CHINA ence held in Rangoon late in 1923, and having as its motto "Christ's American Mission in Tibet Leadership," 130 of the 180 missionaries in the field were present. With THE Christian and Missionary Althe news from home of no increase liance workers on the Kansuin appropriations, and even a request Tibetan border report the occupation to seek readjustments to reduce ex- of Paongan in Tibetan territory, a penditures, the chief problems before place from which workers were driven the conference were, to what extent out a few years ago, but where the attitude of the people is said to have

greatly changed. They continue: "In Disturbed Condition. the Chinese work several properties hav.e been secured for outstations in THE secretary of the China Inland market towns near the different cen- Mission in Shanghai, who is in ters. The school work has been very close touch with their workers all encouraging, especially along the line over the field, wrote in a recent letter: of self-support. The girls' and boys' "I never remember a time when the industrial work is fast gaining a political and military conditions have market, and all they can produce out- seemed so hopeless as they do today. side of school hours has a ready sale. Civil war and prevalent lawlessness The boys' rug-making industry, a new are ruining the country and there venture this year, has been a decided does not appear to be anyone capable success. The grade of work is high of dealing with the situation." The for beginners, and so far they have following is said to be typical of connot had to look for a market outside ditions in a number of plaC!es: of this vicinity. The girls' work on the native linen is meeting an in- We have been through the worst time ever creased demand down country. Both known in W–. The retreating armieB de· girls and boys have shown this past scended upon us, numbering 100,000 men. year an increased interest in the It was terrible to watch them, tired and things of God, and we look forward bedraggled. They just poured in. Every to having many of these trained house, large and small, has been filled, and young people as future evangelists, people have had to turn out every corner teachers, and Bible women." for the soldiers. All the big wayehouses around us have been nlled. Only the houses Literacy Cam.paign in China where foreigners live have not been billeted with soldiers. They have behaved as badly DR. TAO CHIH-HSING, of the as they eould, taking everything from the , National Education Association people.. For nearly twenty miles around the of China, has been conducting in An- people have had all their rlce, Wlleat, cows, king, province of Anhui, a popular pigs and vegetables taken, and their women education campaign, of which the folk outraged. All the pigs have been killed, N ot·tn China Herald writes: "The even the tiny ones. All the big shops have goal of this movement, 100 per cent been turned into stables. The large wood· literacy, while a very long way off, yards have been cleared and what the sol· has been brought into the range of diers do not burn tbey sell to the people. possibility. according to the opinion The strain is terrible and the tales appalling. of not a few of the leaders who have taken part in Dr. Tao's campaign. Destruction in Kwangtung Mass meetings attended by some 3,000 students and others were held in the DR. W. H. DOBSON, superintend- Episcopal Cathedral at which Dr. Tao ent of the American Presbyterian outlined the plan for teaching illiter- hospital at Yeungkong, Kwangtung ates the .1,000 characters. If the Province, after describing the descheme fails it will not be due to its struction of near-by villages, continlack of simplicity for it is based on ues: "This sort of a tale can be rethe "get-one" plan. Every person peated in many parts of this region. who knows characters is supposed to Ruined villages, uncut crops, vacant teach another and this new one an- fields, starving women and children other and so on till everyone can read. running from place to place, chased The final touch to the publicity of by bandits, night and day attacks on this campaign was given on Sunday other villages, traffic and business at when the students of 72 schools pa- a standstill-is it any wonder that one raded miles of streets carrying ap- sickens and tires of these tales when propriately inscribed banners urging we are so helpless to do for these peoupon every. one his duty to help pro- ple in the absence of a stable governmote the cause of popular education. " ment T It seems that soldiers from Canton had been promised to protect this region, and were daily expected when the U. S. S. AS'neville hove in sight. All sorts of rumors were start- ed when it was known that American

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

soldiers had arrived. The brigands Presbyterian mi:,;sion in Peking, often retreated to a safe distance, and the calls at the home and tells about the villager:,;, taking heart, defended problems she meets with in her evanthemselves and killed a number of the gelistic work. After telling these difbandits. But no Cantonese soldiers ficulties, she is sure the next time she have yet arrived; the schools are not calls to meet with the query, "Is your open; few stores are doing any busi- friend that we prayed for last week ness; and the hospital i:,; full of any better' , ? In one case a newcomer wounded and sick. But our church reviled the home and all its occmservices are crowded. "-The Conti- pants. It seemed impossible to keep nent. her in the place lest she harm the other inmates. But Miss Gowans sug- Borden Memorial Hospital gested that they all pray for her. Standing in the courtyard, her arms DR. and Mrs. George King write about the termagant to prevent her from Lanchowfu, Kansu, of the harming herself or anyone else, Miss growing work in the hospital there Gowans began to pray and all the old which bears the name of William Bor- women joined in. Soon the excited den: "Never before have there been newcomer grew quieter, and her comso many opportunities here. The old panions say her temper is much imsuperstitions are being broken down proved ever since. to some extent. This past spring has seen every ward and room in the JAPAN-CHOSEN women's hospital occupied, and as many as thirty-five women and chil- Honors for Christians dren in at one time. The men's hospital, too, has been filled. Our little THE influence of Christianity upon rudimentary Leper Home has had six the national life of Japan was lepers at one time in it. There is now recognized as on a parity with that of a class of fourteen medical students, Shintoism and Buddhism in a series of or 'appreutices, ' all but three of whom religious conferences held in Tokyo are Kansu boys. We hope that they (Feb. 20th and 21st). The Associated in their turn will carry the Light far Press rep.9rts: Premier Kiyoura, in afield. They all have the opportunity, an effort to raise popular morale from and, we hope, the ambition to become the depression into which the earthhealers of bodies and souls." quake of last September plunged it, summoned the chiefs of the principal Peking Old Ladies' Home Buddhist temples, Shinto shrines and Christian churches. The Buddhist PEKING has an "old ladies' home," session was held one morning; the maintained entirely by Chinese Shinto session the same afternoon and women who have patterned it after a the Christian one the next morning. home for friendless old women started many years ago by foreign ladies in A similar conference was held in the city. Although the directors are all ]912 by Mr. Tokonami, th1m Japanese heathen, they realized, says The Con- Vice Minister of Home Affairs. The tinent, that their home could not be a Premier, in addresses directed to the success without a Christian woman three meetings, emphasized the spiritat its head, so chose for their matron a ual havoc wrought by the earthquake, member of the native Presbyterian recalling that the Emperor found it Church. The result has been really necessary last November to issue a remarkable, for in the three years this rescript warning his people not to woman has been in care of the place deviate from their patriotism and nearly sixty per cent of her charges their faith in Japan's future. "Dehave become Christians. spite this," continued the Premier, "regrettable tendencies persist, in- These new Christians believe in cluding mockery of the religion and prayer. Miss A. H. Gowans, of the faith of our fathers."

Tokyo's "Barrack Villages" mensely increased. The Y. M. C. A. in the United States has been looking REV. WILLIS C. LAMOTT writes after them to some extent, but much from 'fokyo of giving $10,000, more may be done by this and sister sent by Presbyterian churcheg in movements, because these travellers California, toward building barracks are important and open-minded men to house the ruined churches. and women. In this direction the , , These, " he says, "will be more or Tokyo City Young Men's Christian less permanent buildings, and will be Association started an interesting and of immediate help in carrying the successful experiment by sending Gospel to thousands in the 'barrack through America last year a vacation villages' of Tokyo. They will also students' party, which consisted in serve to house the stricken pastors, as the main of graduates or senior stuwell as aid greatly in preserving the dents. ('ontinnity of the work of the various churches. 'fhe term 'baraku' is now A Buddhist on the Bible in general use, referring to the sheds erected in the great parks of the city, ABUDDHIST scholar, son of a where thousands of refugees are now Buddhist priest, and reared in living, offering a wonderful oppor- the strictest tenets of his faith, relates tunity for evangelistic work. The his experiences when coming in con- Y. M. C. A. of Meiji Gakuin is help- tact with Christianity, saying: "By ing Mr. Kagawa in his work down in degrees as I went on reading the Honjo, and I am doing what I can Bible, I understood that the teaching with my stereopticon in interesting of Christ is so far above those of other some of the refugee children for the religions that they cannot be comfirst time in the Life of Christ. A pared to it. Christianity includes very valuable work has been carried everything good to be found in Shin on in the devastated section at Ryo- Shu, Nichiren Shu, and Zen Shu goku. Three tentl> were erected, one (Buddhist sects), and is higher than for refreshments, one housing a dis- all. I am not making light of Budpensary, and one for evangelistic dhism; but I believe that its purpose work, the tents all having been fur- is realized best in Christianity. After nished by the famous Mitsui family. the sun has risen, it is not necessary Evangelistic services were conducted to go on burning electric lights." all day, the various churches took turns in serving the refreshments in Non-Christian Men in School the tea-tent, and the dispensary had a record of handling over 700 differ- L AMBUTH Institute was opened ent cases in twenty-five days. The early in 1921 in W onsan, Korea, work is an example of the attitude by the M. E. Church, South, for busithe Japanese Christians are taking ness men who want to study English. toward the. present evangelistic op- Mr. T.•J. Carter, the present director, portunity. " says: "Onr new term began January 7th, and the first night we had more Japanese Who Travel than fifty young Korean men and boys, all anxious to learn English. DURING the last annual confer- One must know something of the class ence of employed officers of the of men to appreciate our opportunity Japanese Y. M. C. A. a committee was to carry the gospel message. Among appointed to see what could be done those who are enrolled there is a judge to set up an International Hospitality of a local court, and a clerk of the Service, in cooperation with the same court. A police sergeant, the Young Men '8 Christian Association highest office that a Korean can hold in other lands. Of late the number among the police officials, is studying of Japanese students, officials, and in the first grade. The head of a business men who go abroad has im- Korean hospital is studying in our

192+] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

second class. These are non-Chris- Church. A self-supporting physician tians, and for a half an hour four and his wife live in the missionary nights each week, they have an oppor- compound. Among the results ar& tunity to hear the Gospel preached. 494 baptized Chinese, 9 church build- I don't know of any other way in ings, 10 chapels, 25 prayer-meeting which these leading men in public life plaees, 15 Chinese evangelists, and 3 could be induced to come to where Bible women. The evangelistic zeal the gospel message is given. They cer- of Korean Christians among their own tainly will not attend church." people is one of their best-known traits. The Korean became a mission- Beggar Boys in Seoul ary when he became a Christian. " Are you a Christian 1" is often asked early THE Salvation Army is carrying on in acquaintance making. Thus at in Seoul, Korea, an industrial home for beggar boys which meets a once the living Word is passed along. real need. Lieut.-Commissioner G. In the spread of the Message of Life Stevens writes of it: "At the end of in the peninsula this has been one of the year 1918 there was a great out- the most far-reaching factors. In adcry in Seoul over the large number of dition to this, at opportune times the boys who were begging on the streets. Christian has entered with tremen- The boys themselves had for the most dous zeal into special campaigns for part long disheveled hair, were the unreached population about him, clothed in rags, were filthy in the ex- pledging his time freely, to go out treme and a' source of annoyance to unencumbered by business to preach every well-to-do passerby, whom they the way of eternal life.

pestered for money or food. Eventu- ally one boy was found frozen to death ISLANDS OF THE SEA outside the shop of a well-known Depopulation ot New Hebrides business man, who appealed to the Salv:;ttion Army to do something as a THOUGH the official report on the temporary measure to tide them over . New Hebrides for 1921-22 mainthe cold weather and gave a generous tained that the process of native dedonation towards the cost. The Gov- population in the Polynesian and ernment later became interested, con- Melanesian Islands is not so rapid as tributing money for the support of some contend, the Anti-Slavery Rethe boys, and land for the present porte,' and Aborigines' Friend quotes buildings. The Home, since its incep- authoritiel'l who state that the present tion, has received seventy-three boys. labor-recruiting system, although it is Nine have died, largely through lack controlled by GoYernment, is essenof nourishment in early life, five have tially wrong, and that work on the run away, eleven have found friends plantations, under conditions unnatand gone to them, one has found work ural to the natives, fails to supply the outside, forty-seven remain with us necessary interest in life, the lack of today. " which they agreed in regarding as the main cause of the dying out of Korean Missionary Spirit the race. "There is no mention in the , Report of one serious cause of depopu- I N Shantung, China is the "pet" lation-namely, the traffic in liquor, work of the Korean Church. Be- which is a notorious evil. Answering ing not for Koreans but for Chinesf', a question in the House of Commons it is actual foreign missionary activ- three years ago, on the depopulation ity. When the Korean General As- of the Group, Colonel Amery men- sembly was organized in 1912, it went tioned as its chief cause the inabilitv on record as a missionary body in of the native to resist European epi- opening work in China. Four or- demic diseases, and asserted that the dained men and their families are Administration took active measures wholly supported by the Korean to protect the natives from disease

and drink. Unfortunately, all our Shinto shrine, and before I got away evidence is to the effect that though from Hawaii I realized that this the liquor traffic is prohibited by law, American Territory is again being the regulations against it are not ef- repaganized. Hawaii's population confective, and that 'active measures' are sists of a conglomeration of nationalicertainly not taken to enforce them. ties, some nine or ten of these nation- As for protection from disease, this alities being represented in numbers Report admits that the Condominium by no means small, there being five Administration possesses no medical times as many Japanese as any other service, and there are no government race. Idols are being imported. Temhospitals. " ples are being erected in every nook and corner of the Territory,. and The Philippines 1899-1924 pagan rites are being held. Tradi- tional Sunday observances are giving A FTER twenty-five years of work way to noisy restivals and wrestling in the Philippines, the various tournaments at the temples and the denominations are all reporting prog- shrines." ress. Rev. W. J. Smith, Presbyterian missionary at Dumaguete, on the is- NORTH AMERICA land of Negros, writes of a recent suc- Congress and the Churches cessful revival campaign. The Protestant Episcopal Church is ralling for T HE religious affiliations of the five new clergymen, two of them for present members or the United work among the 80,000 Chinese in the States Congress are shown in the folislands, who have been left to this de- lowing table, for which the Board of nomination as its particular field. The Temperance, Prohibition and Public Methodists have had an extensive Morals of the Methodist Episcopal quarter-centennial celebration. They Church is responsible: report a church membershp of 59,835, with 28,420 enrolled in the Sunday- Denomination Senate HOUile schools. There are 225 churches imd chapels, and 67 parsonages, besides 12 Methodists …………….. 23 96 missionary residences. Bishop Locke's latest report says that there was an Episcopalian . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18 56 average of 16 baptisms every day of 1923, and that the last quadrennium Presbyterian . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14 59 shows an increase of 25 per cent in membership. There are hospitals and Ba]1tist …………….•… 3 45 training schools established firmly by generous gifts from America and Roman Catholic …………. 7 38 housed in substantial buildings. In the past four years the native churches Congregationalist ……….. 5 26 have raised for all purposes about $218,000. Competent observers proph- Christian (Disciple) ……… 1 16 esy a union very soon of the Presbyterian, Congregational and United Lutheran ………………. 2 12 Brethren forces. Jewish ………………… 0 9 Unitarian ……………… 1 4 Dutch Reformed ………… 0 3 Quaker…………. …….. 0 3 United Brethren ………… 0 1 Mormon……………….. 2 1 Mennonite ……………… 0 1 Christian Science ………… 0 1 EvangelicaJ …………….. 0 1 Universalist ……………. 0 1 Vacancy……………….. 0 1 No religious affiliation ……. 17 41 Religious affiliation not ascer- tained ……………….. 3 20 Paganized Hawaii Totals ……. . . . . . . . . .. 96 435 DR. W. E. BIEDERWOLF is Law EnforcelUent Convention quoted in the Record of Christiam Work as having been impressed "ENFORCE THE LAW" is the by the large place which worldliness message that will go forth to the holds in Hawaiian life and custom. He continues: "Then we saw another country from the convention of promthing, and felt a shudder as we beheld inent women '8 organizations to be it. I saw the Japanese building a held in Washington, D. C., on the 10th and 11th of April. Mrs. Herbert

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Hoover is chairman and Mrs. Robert the authority of the Commissioner of Lansing is honorary-secretary of this Internal Uevenue and the Secretary convention which is to be held in the of the Treasury; call for deportation Soottish Rites Temple. Speeches are of alien bootleggers and an amendto be made by prominent men and ment to the Volstead law with a view women, and a pageant is to be given to more effective enforcement; deentitled, "America, the Beautiful." nounce men who have taken an oath to support the Constitution of the The Washington committee is a United States yet betray it by conbranch of the Woman's National spiracy with bootleggers; favor treat- Committee for Law Enforcement, ies to facilitate suppression of rum (Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, chairman) smuggling; condemn the practice of the object of which is to "work for prize-fighting in the army and navy; enforcement of all law, with special favor the proper encouragement of stress, at present, on the prohibition public education; favor the abolition law, the front today where the battle of child labor; approve uniform maragainst lawlessness has to be fought." riage and divorce laws; favor the barring from interstate commerce of This committee has issued the book, gambling devices, obscene literature, Save America, which is having a large etc.; call for further reduction of imsale through the affiliated women's migration; oppose commercialized organizations everyone of which, state and local, is asked to send dele- desecration of the Sabbath, and degates to this Law Enforcement Con- nounce lynching. vention.

Home Mission Council Officers In the Cumberland Mountains THE Home Missions Council has J AMES D. BURTON, writing from elected the following offioers for Oakdale, Tenn., of the educatIOnal 1924: President, Charles L. Thomp- bandicaps, in spite of which the boys son, (Presbyterian, U. S. A.); Vice- and girls of the Cumberland Moun- Presidents, John McDowell, (Presby- tain region have accomplished so terian, U. S. A.), Charles L. White, much, says of their limited church (Baptist), S. Leslie Morris, (Presby- privileges: terian in U. S.), Grant K. Lewis, (Disciples of Christ), George L. Cady, The four mountain counties com- (Congregational), Franklin J. Clark, prise over two thousand square miles (Protestant Episcopal); Executive of territory, within the borders of Secretary, Charles E. Vermilya, which are only three places with full- (Methodi::;t Episcopal); Recording time ministers. The practice with Sepretary, Charles E. Schaeffer, (Re- most organized church bodies is to formed in U. S.); Treasurer, Frank have preaching once or twice per F. Moore, (Congregational). Mrs. month, and there are scores of com- John Ferguson is the· new President munities without any regular preachof the Council of Women for Home ing at all. Seventy-five per cent of Missions. the church services are heJd in one- room public schoolhouses of which BYPublie Morals Policies there is about one for every eight adopting twelve resolutions cov- square miles. As a rule the pastor of ering a wide range of subjects a mountain church lives in one comthe Board of Temperance, Prohibition munity, and is in charge of a church and Public Morals of the Methodist in another community several miles Episcopal Church has formulated its distant. They meet and pass in going policies for the coming year. Briefiy and coming from their preaching 8taas summarized by The Continent, the tionfl. As a result there is little pasresolutions call for the removal of the toral care, and no point of contact Government '8 prohibition unit from between the pastor and the young people. Through the Sabbath-School

Extension Department of the Board munity it fails in its duty to rmal of National Missions of the Presby- civilization. While urban population terian Chureh in the U. S. A., many exceeds rural, there are 2,500,000 Cumberland Mountain communities more children in villages and the open are being provided with reasonably country than in cities."

well-equipped Sabbath-schools, which have served to create a wholesome Paciftc Garden Missien A atmosphere. The primary purpose of FTER forty-three years on Van Buren Street, Chicago, in a buildthe schools is service, and the Sundayschool representative travels in season ing previously famous for its vice, the and out of season, through all kinds enormous rents and the change in of weather, in the interest of religious the personnel of the people passing the education. It has proved to be one of door caused the removal of the famous the most economical and effective Pacific Garden Mission to 650 South methods in reaching and helping the State Street, in the heart of the cheap children and young people of this lodging-house district. One of the region. 'rhese schools are real com- converts, who has been a missionary munity centeTs in lieu of other attrac- in Japan for years, says he helped to tions, and many mountain youths rob many a man in this very place, discover themselves, getting larger enticing them from the Polk Street visions of life, and finding their way .Railway Station near by. So another to institutions of higher learning." den of vice and iniquity is converted into a place where the Gospel is being Need of the Rural Church preached.

"rJ"'HE rural population is in need -Record of Christian Work. ~ of evangelism, " according to the Y. W. C. A. Convention Rev. William W. Johnstone, superintendent of the Lakes District of the THE national convention of the American Sunday School Union. "It Young Women's Christian Asso- is estimated," he said, "that only one ciation is to be held in New York City fifth of the rural population attends from April 30th to May 6th. Many church; that two fifths of the rural visitors of importance from other churches are standing still or losing countries are expected. ground; that one third of the rural The present budgets of American ministers must have other occupations Y. W. C. A. work total over $25,000,- than the ministry to secure adequate 000 yearly. Foreign work supported support, in some cases the minister by American Associations' funds is acting as the town barber or doing included in these total figures. paper hanging and painting as a side li'ounded in 1906 from a union of two line; that one fourth of the rural organizations dating back to 1871 and churches have no Sunday-schools. 1886 respectively, the national mem- Many communities in southern Illi- bership has grown from less than. 150,- nois have been entirely without the 000 girls and youn~ women to over Gospel for years. Children have 525,000. Ovpp 2,000 delegates repregruwn to youth without having known sent.i.ng 1,046 Associations are exof a Sunday-school. There are many pected. The National Board, of which rural parishes all over the country Mrs. Robert E. Speer is President, is that have been deserted by the denom- the executive body of the affiliated inations that served them. In a town American Associations.

of 2,000 there may be found a dozen or more churches competing with each A Sunday-school Fleet P other, and all equally neglecting the LANS for the Ninth Convention of the W orId's Sunday School Assogreat opportunity that lies outside in the adjoining open country. When ciation in Glasgow, June 18-26, 1924, the Church fails to evangelize its com- include engaging the entire passenger

NEWS }<'ROM MANY LANDS

spare on three ships for Sunday-school ence indorses the ide-a of providing delegates from North America. These chapels at Army posts wherever posships will sail on June 7, 1924, from sible. It believes that the effect of Montreal, from New York, and from erecting a physical habitation for the Philadelphia. Meetings and social religious idea will stimulate interest functions will be arranged on each in services and other religious work." boat. Blocks of reservations on other steamers have been reserved for those U. P. ·Ho:me Board Reorganized who wish to start earlier than June 7th and take one of the pre-Conven- FOLLOWING the tendency appartion tours either through Europe or ent in certain other denominations, to Palestine and Egypt. the last General Assembly of the United Presbyterian Church required Our Army Chaplains that the three boards working in the home field, the Board of Home Mis- THE conference on moral and re- siom;, the Board of Freedmen's Mis- ligious work in the Army, which sions, and the Board of Church was held in Washington in June, em- Extension, should be united into one phasized the importance of this aspect board having twenty-seven members of the national life. In his report to charged with the responsibility of the President the Acting Secretary of pressing forward every department of War said: "The conference was church work in the home land. Rev. called, in keeping with the nation- W. 1. Wishart, D.D., reports the forwide sentiment for a quickened in- mation of special committees on Proterest in the fundamentals of religion, motion and Publicity, Education and to consider plans for a more intensive Contacts with the Workers and Fields, general program of moral training for with a Board secretary heading each, soldiers, to develop community con- and continues: tacts, and to recommend those policies and activities which will strengthen "The members of the enlarged board are the religious program for Regular working together with the heartiest enthusi· Army posts and stations and safe- asm. The secretaries are alert and fruitful guard young men who enter the of practical plans and suggestions. The various training camps. The .confer- difficulties growing out of the merger are euce was unique in that it was pan- disappearing as methods of administration sectarian, as indicated by the list of are worked out. The outlook fOl· mission personnel and the leadership. There work in the United Presbyterian Church was absolute unanimity in all pro- seems particularly good." nouncements and findings." Better Colored Schools Among the recommendations were these: "This confe'rence earnestly I T is gratifying and encouraging to urges that such provision be made in note the interest being taken by the numerical strength of chaplains many Southern State Legislatures in whereby every soldier of the Army, the education and wel:Eare of the Newherever statioI1ed, shall have full gro. Among the latest news of thi~ opportunity to receive the personal nature reported in the Southern counsel, guidance, and services of a Workman, is the announcement that chaplain. .. This conference believes the South Carolina Legislature recentthat the religious influence in the ly voted "$98,000 for the Negro State Army can be deepened and strength- College, $41,000 for the Negro boys' ened and the efforts of chaplains can reformatory, $1,500 for the Negro be made more productive of beneficial fair, and the chance to share in the results if a closer relationship can be high-school appropriation by complyestablished and maintained between ing with certain conditions." South the chaplains and their respective de- Carolina boasts of 14 recognized Nenominational groups… This confer- gro high schools, 15 teachers' training schools, and 35 Rosenwald schools. The Negroes of the State have sup-

LIB MISSIONll .~ , ~'" oN OF THE WORLD

plemented its appropriations by near- byterian church was about to be dedicated. Eighteen months hefore there was but one ly $30,000. "J" Protestant in that thickly-settled district, a woman. Her hushand, a progressive Lynchings in 1923 farmer, deeided to unite with the Protestauts and joined the Presbyterian church in old PRINClPAL R. R. MOTON of the Las Vegas, of which Rev. Charles Cordova 'I'uskegee Normal and Industrial is the devoted and effective pastor. Fifty Institute- reports as follows on the other Spanish-Americans, all adnlts, foiyear's crime and disaster as compiled lowed him in a little over a year, in most by Monroe N. Work of the Depart- cases in the face of persecution. The ment of Records of the Institute: "I Church Erection Board gave these fifty·two find that there were twenty-eight per- memhers $3,000 toward a church, and the sons lynched in 1923-in Arkansas, 2; members themselves contributed their serv- Florida, 8; Georgia, 4; Louisiana, 1; ices as brickma1cers and carpenters, and Mississippi, 8; Missouri, 1; Okla- when I visited the building on May 11, all homa, 1; 'fexas, 2; Virginia, 1. This tllat was needed was a covering of plaster is twenty-nine less than the number to complete the edifice. ". J n Albuquerque fifty-seven for the year 1922. Thirteen he visited the Menaul school for Spanish· of the persons lynched were taken American boys, and in Santa Fe the cor· from the llands of the law, seven from responding school (the Allison-James) for jails and six from offi;}ers of the law girls. If these two schools had adequate outside of jails. Of the twenty-eight facilities they could receive from 400 to 450 persons lynchoo in 1923, twenty-six pupils a year, instead of the 300 they now were negroes and two were whites; have scant rooni for_ For the Spanishtwo of the former were women. We American young people are seeking admisalso found that there were forty-six sion to the Protestant schools, despite hitter instances in which officers of the law opposition from the Roman Catholic archprevented lynchings. Four women, bishop. three white and one colored, were among those thus saved. Six of these The Go'Vernment and the Indian preventions of lynchings were in Northern States and forty in Southern H ON. HUBERT WORK, Secretary States. In thirty-seven of the cases of the Interior, has recently inthe urisoners were removed or the vited one hundred men and women of guards augmented or other precau- national vision, including publicists, tions taken. In the nine- other in- educators, governors of states, churchstances, armed force was used to repel men, and outstanding citizen Indians the would-be lynchers. In eight in- to advise him in reference to the methstances during the year persons ods of changed policy on the part of charged with being connected with the Government in its treatinent of lynching mobs were brought to trial. Indians. 'fhe Secretary recognizes Of the fifty-two persons thus before the importance of determining on such the courts only two were sent to the plans for the Indian's welfare as shall penitentiary. " insure his own participation in those plans and ultimately lead to an edu- Opportunity in New Mexico cated, self-sustaining Indian citizenry. Some of the Indians of today have A MISSOURI pastor was greatly individual wealth (the value of all impressed, on a vacation trip Indian property is estimated at $1,- through New Mexico, by the work be- 000,000,000); 227,000 out of 340,917 ing aone by Presbyterian home mis- have allotments of land totaling 38,- sion agencies in that field, and the 000,000 acres; and two thirds of the great opportunity for additional Indians are citizens. There are 400 work. He is quoted in The Continent Protestant and 200 Catholic missionas fonows: aries at work among the various tribes and groups with respective adherents "Twenty·eight miles north of Las Vegas of approximately 100,000 and 59,000. I visited Ceholla Valley, where- a new Pres- Secretaries of Home Mission Boards doing work for Indians as also the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. are in- cluded in the group of advisers selected by the Secretary of the In- for that great neglected field. He terior. repo~~s that ninety per cent or more of the missionaries are ministering to Chinese Children Rescued not more than forty per cent of the population, and less than ten per cent ROM thl) Tooker Memorial Home to the vastly larger Indian popula- for Chinese children, conducted by tion. There are hidden away in the the Presbyterian Board of National valleys and mountains tribes of fifty Missions in Oakland, Calif., Miss thousand to half a million to whom Emma Mills writes of two little chil- the Gospel. of Christ has never gone, dren, to keep whom at the Home and and who WIll never hear it unless misthus rescue them from lives of slavery sionaries carry it to them. Miss Cameron in San Francisco has been working day and night: "They Independent missionaries are doing remember well the day their own fam- some mission work for these Indians ilies sold them from the same village on a small scale. There have been to a strange man who appeared and some few attempts on the part of a asked to buy some little girls. Ah few of the larger boards, such as the Ting's people sold her for $170. She Presbyterian in Mexico and Central was then ten years old and could sing America, the Anglican in Southern very nicely. This stranger then Chile, thc Canadian Baptist in Bobought Ah 'l'ye for $90. Before leav- livia, and a few others, but there has ing China the children were kid- been no consistent and determined efnapped from 'their owner. They were fort by the greater and more responfound and redeemed by the man, who sible agencies looking toward the claimed to be their father. After the evangelization of the Indians of Latin long journey across the Pacific, land- America. ing in Seattle they went on to San Francisco. They were put on the Chi- A commission has been formed to nese stage and every night for several weeks these two children have been study the whole matter throughout acting from nine until one and two in the morning. They found their Latin A!nerica, to bring pressure upon way to our day school in our Chinese Church in San Francisco. There they the Boards of the United States and learned of the Home. Miss Higgins went down to the theater and saw Canada and to minister more adethem the night before they came to us. 'l'heir stories are filled with hard- quately to this neglected group. When ship and sadness, they are very dear children and are so afraid they will the great I,atin American Conference have to go back to their owner that every time I say we are going to San meets in Montevideo inregAaprrdiil~g19t2h5~ Francisco they cry. All of Chinatown more complete facts is up in arms, and moving every possible point to get the children back." Indians will have been gathered so LATIN AMERICA that the conference may formulate .MR. Neglected Indians some adequate plan to reach them L. T. LEGTERS, who has re- cently returned from a long with the Gospel. journey through Central America and Mexico, under the auspices of the THE A Century in Jamaica Pioneer Mission Agency, made a care- United Free Church of Scotful survey of the Indian situatioIi and land is celebrating this year the has come back tremendously burdened centenary of its work in the island of Jamaica. Rev. George Blyth was sent out in ]824 in response to a re- quest by some planters for a mission- ary to instruct their slaves. This was the beginning of the work that now at its centenary, cannot be considered R. a mission, but a fully organized church. Rev. C. Young writes: "When we consider that some still live who were born in slavery we need not think poorly of a century's work. Por manv years Jamaica has manned calculations put the probable number her own"' ~chools, and the island is of visitors to the Exhibition at a dotted over with school buildings, minimum of 25,000,000. British where useful and efficient work is Christians have recognized the oppordone by Jamaican teachers. We have tunities for an evangelistic campaign a native ministry that outnumbers which such an occasion offers. The those sent from home. They are _the whole project received most _careful sons of our Church. Three of them consideration, and a United Commithave seen foreign service in Africa, tee has been formed, representing the and all are respected by the com- Church of England, the Evangelistic munity." Committee of the London Diocesan Conference, the Evangelical Free Head Hunters in Ecuador Churches, the Metropolitan Free Church Federation, the Church Army, FROM the highlands of Ecuador Salvation Army, Y. M. C. A., Y. W. to the east one descends into the C. A., National Young Life Campaign, heavily forested Amazon valley where World's Evangelical Alliance, and he finds himself in the land of the other organizations and interests. Headquarters are to be in an attrac- Jibaros, formerly it very numerous tive bungalow on the Exhibition grounds, near the British Governand warlike tribe who exterminated ment Building. the Spaniards who had established prosperous cities in that region. These c. M. S. Magazine Jubilee people are devil worshipers. If God is good, they reason, they have noth- THE monthly magazine published ing to fear from Him. The devil, how- by the Church Missionary Society, ever, is malignant; therefore he must the Church Missionary Review, was be propitiated by worship and sacri- started in January, 1874, by Dr. fice. The witch doctor is their chief Eugene Stock, who writes in the Deresource in time of sickness and need. cember, 1923, issue: "Looking back War is the normal state of the Jibaro over the fifty years ….. the C. M. S. Indian, first for the purpose of get- staff alone has multiplied nearly fourting wives from neighboring or enemy fold, and its income is about three tribes, second for revenge of injuries times as large as in 1874. Africa, then inflicted upon relatives during these siscanrocwelyopkennowfrnombeeynodndtotheendc.oasJta-lpinae~ wars, then for enemy heads that are had just (lpened its long-locked doors, supposed to bring good luck to the and now has its own organized possessors because of the sacrifice of Church. In India and China the the victim to the devil. During the progress is astonishing. It would take last two centuries the Jibaros have many columns to compare adequately greatly decreased in numbers. Their 1873 with 1923. Any careful student attitude toward thc whites has become will find that the revival and the exmore friendly and they respond read- pansion began at that time." ily to kindly approach.-W. F. JOR- DAN in The Christian Herald. Gospels for Belgian Homes EUROPE THE "Gospel Hunger" in Belgium, described in the REVIEW a year Evangelism at Exhibition ago, has been steadily increasing. THE British Empire Exhibition, to be held at Wembley Park, near Ralph C. Norton, Director of the Bel- London from April to October, 1924, will reproduce in miniature the en- gian Gospel Mission, writes: "We tire resources of the British Empire, and one of its primary purposes is have distributed during this year "to make the different races of the British Empire better known to each something like half a milliOn copies other." The most conservative expert of Scriptures and arreeligGioousspellist,erTaetsutrae~ 90,000 of which

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ments and Bibles. The sowing of this ter of finance refuses to allow seed, we are convinced, is one of the reasons for this great awakening, and subscriptions from church members in the absence of other agencies such as preaching, etc., which are the ac- for the support of their ministers. customed methods for evangelizing in other lands, is the sole basis for the Any church with less than 300 membeginning of a revival. As a marked illustration of the effectiveness of this bers is forbidden to call a pastor, and method, we have one colporteur who has, in the last four years, put 65,000 this makes small churches and mis- Gospels in homes, and during the same time, sold 12,000 New Testa- sions impossible. The state holds that ments, thus covering 131 towns, cities, and villages, and reaching a territory the majority in any community is encomprising 392,000 people. He seeks to get into every home." titled to the property of any denomi- European "Youth Movements" nation, and that the minister of affairs ALMOST every European country has the right to decide such owner- has a body of youth which to a large extent is aroused to its social ship and can assign the property ac· responsibility–'–that is, young people who realize that they must educate cording to his arbitrary wilL The themselves to the facts and the problems of the present, past, and future. schools for girls belonging to the Re- These so-called "Youth Movements" assume many points of view and formed Church have been seized, and modes of expression, many conflicting even among themselves. This awaken- are being used as hospitals for the ing (with the probable exception of Germany) is restricted to a minority treatment of venereal diseases. Lands of what one can call the youth of each nation. The significant fact is that of the churches have been taken by the minority is so large, and that the awakening is so intense. In Holland the state, allowing the owners only a the "Youth Movement" is almost entirely religious or ethical. It com- small acreage, and their own lands, prises a liberal religious group open to almost all creeds; a student Chris- after having been confiscated, are tian group; and the Practical Idealists' Association. In addition thrre rented to the former owners at proare many small groups-League of Religious Anarcho-Communists, anti- hibitive prices." The only remedy tobacco and anti-alcohol societies, and hundreds of individuals devoted to for some of these abuses is political kindred ideals. action. –Christian Century. State and Church in Roumania Poland and Religious Liberty I T was reported at the meeting of the Presbyterian World Alliance in THE new States created in Eastern Zurich that in Roumania the restric- and Central Europe have inscribed tions on church life are particularly religious liberty in their Constitution. severe. The situation there is de- They are bound to recognize religious scribed in these words: "The minis- bodies who work in their territory and afford them liberty. It is one thing to establish general principles-an- other to put them in operation in lands where the Roman Church has long had a political supremacy. In Poland the Churches that were work- ing before the new Constitution a:re recognized, but there are difficulties confronting the new work that has been undertaken, since the grant of the Constitution which honors reli- gious liberty can become really effec-' tive only when definite legislation in the form of an Enabling Law is passed. Pre-war arrangements make it possible for the older Churches to "carry on" without obstacles being placed in their path. "Denomina- tions previously unknown in Poland" may at any moment by administrative action be placed in perplexity and their work dosed down before any ef- fective appeal may be made to the

West to restrain the agents who de- tamia, and India. The Nile Mission sire to see this done.-Evangelical Press and the American Press at Bei- Christendom. rut are also sending out large quanti- ties of Christian literature. The The Dilemma in Iceland Egyptian secretary of the Society for I N April, 1922, the Parliament of the Prevention of Cruelty to Animah!, Iceland was compelled to suspend a young Mohammedan, recently orits prohibition law (adopted in 1908) dered 1,000 copies of "Black Beauty" because Spain, at present the chief from the Beirut Press and the large purchaser of the salt cod (Iceland's volume recently published by the Nile principal export) declared that she Mission Press on the deity of our would raise her import tax, unless Lord is having a remarkable sale. The Iceland would buy her wines (with monthly Christian paper, Orient and Occident, has become trilingual, and alcoholic content up to 21 %). For- in French, English and Arabic is merly much of this wine was dis- bridging the chasm between the East posed of in America. When the 1923 and West and leading young men to Parliament of Iceland met, no solu- consider the claims of Christ. Mostion was in sight, and the 1922 arrangement was continued, but the lems themselves are aware that the Parliament declared that "although in this session, on account of trade press is the deciding factor in the treaties with Spain, an exception from coming struggle. The editor of the Islamic Review, in London, writes the law regar.ding import of intoxi- concerning their propaganda: cants has been legalized, this excep- The immensity of the task that lies before tion has been made because of demand- Us compels us to the admission that we are ing necessity, but not because the scarcely able to meet the demand single· Parliament would depart from the law that was first passed on account of handed; and all the more so because of the lack of adequate means. We inVite, there- fore, one and an, each and every servant of a general vote among the people." Islam, to help us in the cause. The only Leaders in the World League Against means of uccess to the otherwise impreg- Alcoholism have made considerable efforts to help Iceland secure other nable hellXt of the West is literature. Can we produce it in a quantity sufficiently large to meet the demand ~ The answer lies with markets for her fish, one Scotch busi- our Moslem brothers.

ness man having been particularly active. Since the United States has Spiritual Growth in Egypt helped indirectly to get this small is- REV. WALTER T. FAIRMAN of land into difficulty, cannot America . the Fnited Presbyterian Mission, devise means to absorb some of this wrltes of the marked success that at· surplus of fish which Spain refuses tended a ~eries of conventions for the except at the cost of debauching the deepening of the spiritual life, held Icelanders ~ during November and December at AFRICA four centers in Egypt. "The special subject this year was: The Identifica- Moslems and the Press tion of the Believer with Christ: (1), EGYPT is controlled, Rev. Dr. in Death; (2), in Newness of Life; Zwemer says, "not so much by (3), in Service. Our devoted Egyplaws and religions as by the news- tia~ workers have received a great papers. These batteries have unlimit- uplIft and have gone back to their ed range, and seem to have endless various spheres of labor with their quantities of ammunition." The Mos- faith strengthened and their vision lem press was never so active. In the enlarged. Evangelistic services were native booksellers' quarters, great held in the evenings, and to these the packages of literature are seen ready general public turned out in such for the post and addressed to Tim- numbers as to tax to the utmost the buctoo, Brazil, South Africa, Mesopo- accommodation provided in each

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

place. In Luxor we have a large ordinated, so that they can work tochurch with seating for about 700. gether for the one great aim-salva- This was crowded every night with a tion of the State." most attentive congregation in spite or the fact that opposition meetings Plans fQr African EducatiQn were being held at the same time in the Coptic church in the town. In AN important step in the develop- Zagazig a special tent provided seat- ment of education in Africa has ing accommodation for about 700 men been taken in the appointment by the and women. This was filled to capac- Secretary of State for the Colonies in ity every night and many went away Great Britain of an Advisory Combecause they could not find room. At mittee on Education in the Crown the same time boys and girls were Colonies in Africa. Except in the gathered in the church itself for a definitely Mohammedan areas about special meeting for them alone. They nine tenths of the whole of native numbered about 200 and good work education throughout the continent was done amongst them. Can you has been hitherto carried on by misimagine the situation? In the heart sions. The appointment of this comof a Moslem city, a whole street mittee is an indication of the increasturned into a tent for the holding of ing interest of governments in the religious meetings attended by Chris- subject of education, and since mistians and Moslems and no disturbance sionary interests are represented on and no objection. Ten years ago that the committee, it provides an opporwould have been impossible. Today tunity for consultation between the not only was it possible but it was Government and missions on educadone." tional matters. Its announced purpose is "to study the problems of native A Cabinet Minister's Tribute education· in Africa and to facilitate the cooperation· of governments and THE acting Prime Minister of the missions in the development of a con- Union of South Africa, F. S. structive policy of education on sound Malan, while on tour in Cape Colony lines.' , in the autumn of 1923, paid a great tribute to the work of missionaries. NEAR EAST He said: "The work of the missionary should be recognized as part of In Syrian Villages the uplifting of the native races and part of the administration necessary WITH representatives of the Danto maintain law and order. Where ish Mission to the Orient and the missionaries are concerned, the use of British Syrian Mission, Rev. W. A. force is never, or very rarely, re- Freidlinger, of the American Presbyquired, and that is because of the mis- terian Mission at Zahleh, Syria, resionaries. We are able to govern mil- cently made a tour of several villages lions of natives, not by physical force, around Baalbek. He writes: "In aile not by policemen or soldiers, but by Moslem village very few knew how to the moral force which civilization and read.· A man working in the field was the example and influence of white asked if he could read and answered, men can give. The principles incul- 'No, we do not know here, but. in the cated by the missionaries, which are other village over there they know; based not on physical force, but on for there you will find Christians.' obedience to moral principles and the 'But do you mean to say that the principles of Christianity, should be Christians are better off than you?' supported. We should see that the 'Of course, if the authorities do not relations which exist between the ad- give them a school, no doubt their ministration of the country and the bishop will take care of them; but nomissionaries and their work are co- body cares for us here. ' The presence of these Catholic Christians seems 6 more often to be a hindrance. to the

Moslem than a help. In a mixed vil- their task. The taking on their own lage a young Christian man said to a shoulders by Syrian young men of Moslem :>hopkeeper when the mission- the burden of winning their land to ary asked him to buy a Gospel, 'ThiR Christ means the dawning of a better is not a book for you.' But the Mos- day for Syria." Syrian boys, too, are lem seemed wiser than he, for he just getting the vision. Rev. JJeslie M. took out his money and bought the TJeavitt, American Presbyterian misbook, saying, 'These people have come sionary, writes of two eighteen-yearto give us light and to make us know old boys who had attended a things we did not know before.' conference of secondary school boys. One is now conducting a Sunday- Church Union in Syria school every ,Vednesday afternoon and Sunday morning with an average APROMINENT feature of mission- attendance of fifty. He sent to the ary work in Syria, which is Rtill ~fission for Arabic hymnbooks and in its infancy, but growing, is the they fling hymns and have a prayer project of missionary union. The and the young man leads the discus- United Missionary Conference that sion on such subjects as "The Plan of has been in full swing for several ,Jehovah," "The Principles of Chrisyears joins the societies working both tianity," "Our Success as a Commun· under the .B'rench iu Syria, and under ity or Nation," and "True Patriotthe British in Palestine. One year ism." In the neighboring village the these two branches meet together and other boy organized a football team the altern!lte year they meet as north- and helped plan an entertainment for ern and southern sections, each in the benefit of the vi1lage schooL He their own territory. This union in- also invaded the meeting place of a cludes English, Scotch, Irish, Danish gang of a dozen boys whose custom it and American missionaries. Its func· was to meet every evening, tell dirty tions are purely advisory, but it stories, swear, and kill time. The firRt cements ·the workers and fosters effi· night that he started reading aloud to ciency as well. The Syrian Evangel- them from a good Arabic book a numicals, grouped as they are under the ber of the boys laughed at him and various church politics to which their called him" Preacher. " He continued respective missionary leaders are at- his efforts the second evening and betached, are chafing under these eccle- fore long the whole group was listensiastical divisions and agitating the ing intently to him. subject of combining. Their various denominational affinities are not in- A Motor Cycle in Arabia herited and ingrained, so union is easier, and their number is far from DR. PAUL W. HARRISON, misbeing so great as to thrive in spite of sionarv of the Reformed Church divisions; so that union, for them, in Ameri~a, has just returned to is imperative and quite practicable, Arabia, taking along a motorcycle. once their foster-mother societies en- He hopes to make the journey over courage such a step.-Presbyterian the Arabian Desert, which has hither- Magazine. to taken from ten to fourteen days on camel back, in less than twenty-four Syrian Youth for Syria hours. Ell'. Harrison is a friend of the ruling sheikh of the interior of I N the University of Beirut is a Arabia, Bin Saud, who is anxious group of Student Volunteers who that Dr. Harrison should establish a plan to give their lives for missionary hospital in his capital, Riadh, 250 work in their own land. One of the miles inland from the Persian Gulf. missionaries writes: "They are few, but enthusiastically committed to

Americans. By Joyce Oonstance alyptic beliefs. Its danger' is due

Manuel. l:lmo. IIi pp. 60 cents (cloth). substituting philosophic imaginings Oouncil of Women for Home Missions and for true revelations from God. the Missionary Education Movement. New York. 1923. Leaves from a Chinese Calendar, By Emma G. Lippard. Pamphlet. 12 pp. 50 cents. That is something that all citizens Woman's Missionary Society, United Lu· of the United States should wish to be theran Church in America, 1228 Spruce and help others to be-Better Amer- St., Philadelphia. 1923. 'leans. This may not always mean better Christians but better Christians These mission study lessons by a living in America must necessarily be missionary who knows and loves the better Americans. Miss Manuel has Chinese, present a vivid and true put forth her own ideas as to how to picture of Chinese life for juniors. make Americans better-by meetings, The book is well illustrated and the discussions, stories, studies, dramas chapters describe delightfully the ex- and pictures. She presents material periences of Taro and his friends in for twelve lessons with songs, talks, each month of the Chinese year.

stories of boys and girls, discussions, Adventures with the Bible in Brazil. By the suggested application and pray-er. F. C. Glass. Illns. Map. 12mo. 220 These lessons are inspirational and in- pp. 4s. Piekering and Inglis. Glasgow. formational and will help to teach 1923. children thankfulness, thrift, educational ideals, appreciation of beauty, A missionary of the Evangelical use of money, justice, reverence, re- Union of South America d-escribes adspect for law, loyalty and obedience ventures and incidents on three jourto God. 'rhe treatment is not always neys in Argentina, Paraguay, Uruas strong or on as high a plane as it guay, acros:'l Brazil and westward up might be-for example, reverence is the Amazon to Colombia. He met made to include too much. The test many strange people, had many thrillof these lessons will be in their use. ing experiences, saw the great need of the people because of their igno- Theosophy and Christian Thought. By W. rance of God and discovered the fruit- S. Urquhart. 12mo. 233 pp. $2'.25. The fulness of Bible work even in the Pilgrim Press. Boston. 1922. midst of ignorant savages and traders. Some of the converts tramped 250 Some people seem to be hypnotized miles to attend a Gospel conference. by theosophy. They do not know what South America is rich iu resources it means but swallow it whole. Here and possibilities, both physical and is an antidote of information. Dr. spiritual, but is especially in need of Urquhart is prof-essor of philosophy spiritual light and power. in the Scottish Churches College in Calcutta and recognizes both the beau- Short Missionary Plays and More Missionties and the false ideas in theosophy. ary Plays. By Margaret T. Applegarth, He shows its scope, its antecedents, its 2 vol. 12mo. 183 pp. and 184 pp. $1.00 contents, its value and its relation to net eaeh. George H. Doran Co. New Christianity. He perhaps deals with York. 1923.

it too leniently, but he is well in- The dramatic method of teaching formed and he seeks to be fair. Dr. and stirring the emotions and will is Urquhart conceives the chief value of becoming increasingly popular, espetheosophy to be its emphasis on the cially among young people. It has ad- reality of the unseen world and apoc- vantages and disadvantages. To 323

many, it is a sugar-coated pill. If as well as church. They give genthe impression finds its outlet in ade- erously, every tenth tree being marked quate expression of a practical sort, LX-" The Lord's Tenth" and every the disadvantages are lessened. These tllnth row of produce in the same way. missionary plays are well thought out This story is a good antidote to some to make the impression. The first of the sensuous volumes recently volume relates to race questions in written on the South Sea Islanders. America, to life in India, Japan, China, Spanish America and medical The Chinese Church National Ohristian missions and the second volume to Oonference, 1922. Report of the Interspecial occasions and methods such as national Christian Conference, Shang- Christmas, Easter, raising money, sell- hai. 8vo. 724 pp. $2.50. The Oriental ing literature and conducting mission- Press. Shanghai. 1923. ary meetings. The results are, perhaps, attained too llasily. Epoch making is the term rightly applied to the Shanghai Conference They are simple and make nse of of May, 1922. The missionary work in men, women and children. They re- China was there reorganized on a new quire few participants, simple prop- basis, giving larger place to the Chierties, and few rehearsals. The les- nese Church. Dr. Rawlinson and his son in each play is clearly taught bu1 co-editors, Miss Helen Thoburn and not unpleasantly stressed. Dr. MacGillivray, have gathered and arranged material from the commis- Pandita Ramabai. By Helen S. Dyer. Illus. sion reports presented to the National 12mo. 113 pp. 48. Pickering and Inglis. Conference as it relates especially to Glasgow. 1923. tqe work and program for the Chi- nese Church. The multitude of sub- Ramabai, who died last year, after jects discussed, as revealed in the thirty years of work for the child index, include: Chinese Religions, A.gwidows of India, was a woman of riculture, Architecture, Literature, great intellectual gifts and of spiritual Evangelism, Boys' Work, the Blind, power. Much of her wonderful life Family Worship; Children; Church is here told in her own words. The Life, Cooperation, Finance, Home volume, written by Mrs. Dyer, has been Problems, Medical Work, Industrial reissued as revised and brought up to Conditions, Ministry, Money, Mosdate. It is a story of faith working lems, etc. Any missionary to China unselfishly through love and reveals or those wishing expert knowledge, what the Gospel of Christ can do for will find this compilation of great val- Indian women. ue.

The Romance of Pitcairn Island. By W. Y. China Mission Year Book. 1923. Edited by Fullerton. Illns. 12mo. 112 pp. 28, 6d. Frank Rawlinson. 12 mo. 373 pp. The Carey Press. London. 1923. Christian Literature Society. Shanghai. 1923. Though it is the scene of one of the modern .miracles of missions, Pitcairn For three years, we have been with. Island is little known except in mis- out new editions of the Year Book and sionary history. The secretary of the it has been a real loss in spite of the Baptist Missionary Society of Eng- publication of the Missionary Survey land visited it recently and tells here volume. China is changing and these ·the thrilling story of its transforma- changes are recorded by fifty-two extion through the influence of a single pert observers, both Chinese and copy of the Bible carried thither by foreigners, from different points of the mutineers of the Bounty. If view. Their contributions on politics, any doubt the power of the inspired missionary work, the Chinese Church, Word of God, let them be convinced Education, Social Reform Movements, by reading this true narrative of the etc., are of great interest and value. South Pacific. The inhabitants are The statistics, map and missionary di- Christians and attend Sabbath-school rectory are in a separate volume. We know of no better way to keep abreast grams are suitable for diil'erent ages of movements in China than through and are of varied value but selections this annual review. can be made that will prove of use to any church, nllssionary society, young Some Boys and Girls in America. By Mar- people's or children's group. garet T. Applegarth. Illua. 8vo. 231 pp. $1.50 neb. George H. Doran 00. How to Produce Plays and Pageants. By New York. 1923. Mary M. Russell. IlIus. 8vo. 219 pp. $1.50 net. George H. Doran Co. New Originality and charm mark these York. 1923. home mission stories and their black and white drawings for children. The Like the foregoing volume, this is titles of the chapters whet the appe- a discussion of the uses of the drama tite – "Let's Discover America, " and how to plan and present plays "Little Prince of Wails," "Mind and pageants in order to produce a Your P's and Q's," etc. Children and desired effect on an audience. Some mothers or teachers of children will of the illustrative material is religious find them interesting and instructive. and some patriotic or missionary. The portion of the story of Joseph At the Mercy of Turkish Brigands. By given here is commonplace and un- Mrs. D. C. Eby. Portrait. 12 mo. 285 important, adding much to the Bible pp. Bethel Publishing Co., New Car· narrative but without clearly bringing lisle, Ohio. 1922. out the meaning.

The tragic days of war, massacre Enthroned-A Story of Christ. By F. D. and deportation in Armenia have pro- Seward. 8vo. 296 pp. The Stratford duced several graphic and thrilling Co. Boston. 1923. narratives. The present one, by a mIssIOnary, tells of experiences The life of Christ offers rich oparound the Armenian cities of Hadjin portunities for the novelist. It has and Marash. It is a story of suffering romance, adventure, human symand massacre, of warfare and cap- pathy, tragedy and dramatic incident. ture by brigands, of robbery and res- Mr. Seward has used these to good cue, of deportation and relief work, advantage in a straightforward, actold graphically in a way that en- curate and reverent story that follows ables us to sympathize with the mis- closely the gospel narrative and that sionaries and those whom they sought has for its purpose the enthronement to help. of Christ in the heart and life of the reader. While not so thrilling in in- Khama, The Great Afrioan Chief. By J. O. terest as "Ben Hur," it is more true Harris. Portrait. 12 mo. 122 pp. to the spirit and facts of the history $1.25 net. George H. Doran Co., New and does not draw, so much on extra- York. 1923. biblical material or the imagination of the writer as is done in other novels Khama is one of the miracles of mis- of the time of Christ. sions. The thrilling story here given has already been briefly told in the Practioal Lectures on the Book of Job. REVIEW to show what God can do in Frank E. Allen. 12mo. 303 pp. $1.75. human regeneration and what Afri- Fleming H. Revell Co. New York. 1923. cans can do to lead their people into Christian light. Job is a fascinating character and the book is an uplifting study, Joy from Japan. Recreation Programs. Ar- neglected by too many Christians. ranged by Catharine A. Miller. Paper. Mr. Allen has unfolded its meaning 8vo. 200 pp. The Heidelberg Press. and practical lessons in this series of Philadelphia. 1923. sermonic lectures. He rightly (we believe) holds .Job to be an historical Games and outings, socials and din- person and considers the story of his ners, tableaux, songs, stories, feasts experience an ancient dramatic presand plays are suggested here to in- entation of truth. The book is studied crease interest and give information on Japan as a mission field. The proin sections, not critically but homi- Places of Quiet Strength. By John Timo· letically, to point out the lessons to be thy Stone. 12mo. 250 pp. $2.00 net. learned in regard to home life, evil, George H. Doran Co. New York. 1923. suffering, faith, knowledge of God, wisdom, prosperity, repentance, sal- These twenty-two practical sermons, vation, etc. It is eminently sane, rev- by the well-known and much loved erent and practically helpful. pastor of the Fourth Presbyterian Church in Chicago, deal with spiritual The Jewish Question and the Key to Its themes in a practical way. They ap- Solution. Max Green, M.D., Philadelphia. peal to men and women who desire George W. Jacobs & Co. strength and vision, a knowledge of God and a Christ-like life among men. A Hebrew Christian deals with the We miss the charm of Dr. Stone's fact of the Jewish problem and the personality, but the essential message various attempts that have been made is here. to solve it. The solution of the Jew- ish problem will eome with the accept- The Mexican Nation-A History. By Her" bert I. Priestley. IIIus. Maps. 8vo. 507 ance by the Jews of Jesus as their pp. $4.00 net. The Macmillan Co. New own Messiah.

The Book of the Lover and' the Beloved. York. 1923.

By Ramon Lull. Introduction by E. Alli· Most Americans know of Mexico but son Peers. 12mo. 115 pp. $1.25. Mac· few know Mexico or the Mexicans. millan Co. New York. 1923. They associate the name with bandits and bull fights, with mines and oil, If ever there was a man with a passionate love for Jesus Christ that man with revolutions and Roman Catholic was Ramon (or Raymund) Lull, the superstitions. Dr. Priestley, the assopioneer martyr missionary to the Mos- ciate professor of Me:xican history at lems of North Africa. In this trans- the University of California, writes lation of some of his devotional writ- the history of the country in order to ings the saintly scholar and witness give the greater American republic a pours out his soul in love of his Master better and more sympathetic underand thoughts of how that love may be standing of the people. The story beincreased and manifested. It is very gins with the discovery by Spaniards stimulating to spiritual life and serv- in 1518, describes the economic, politice. ical history and closes with Car- More Jungle Tales. By Howard A. Musser. ranza's death in 1920. There is much lIlus. 12mo. 196 pp. $1.50 net. George said about Roman Catholic missions H. Doran 00. New York. 1923. and their influences but practically nothing of Protestant. The political India is a land of adventure as well influence and program of papal orders as a land that call~ for the message of in Me:xico are largely responsible for Christ, and missionarie~ who preach the chaos. the Gospel also have interesting and thrilling experiences. Some of them, like Jacob Chamberlain and Howard World Friendship Through the Church A. Musser, are skilled in telling of School. By John L. Bobinger. 12mo. their adventures so as to hold their 91 pp. $1.25 net. University of Chicago audiences spellbound. Here is a Press. Chicago. 1923.

bundle of twenty-five stories and Christian internationalism is the lesser incidents and pictures that subject of these ten studies for carry the shadow of the jungle and of churches. They aim at the promotion heathenism but also are shot through of peace through better understanding with the light of Christ. The tales are and greater sympathy. They include full of human interest, for thcy tell an appeal to different ages for misof boys and girls and their conflicts sionary work, broader study, more with wild beasts and with untamed unselfish giving, and active service for humans. Boys and girls will be in- others at home and abroad. A bibliogterested; so will adults. raphy accompanies each chapter. The Message of Mohammed. A. S. Wadia. One can only regret that with so 159 pp. $1.60. E. P. Dutton & Co. New York. 1923. clear a view of the outlines of his task, and approaching it with so tol- No praise is too high for the spirit rrant and ,no~-controversial a spirit, thc author S pIcture of Islam is so inof fairmindedness and toleration adequate. The strength and magnifi- ~ence of Islam lie in its conception of which characterizes this book. It is an effort to advance the cause of Islam by portraying the elements of truth God. One wonders whether the author which that religion contains and th1ere himself has ever had an adequate view is no bitter word nor harsh criticism. of that conception. If so, his power of p()rtr~ying it is almost nil. Palgrave, 'rhe author has many cordial things who IS the only English author who to say of Christ's teachings and of succeeds at all in showing the dimen- Christianity today. The book is from ~ions and strength of that conception the standpoint of a Modernist Mos- lem. Mohammed was far from per- is utterly condemned by the author of fect: and his teachings, notably on the this work.

subject tohfingpsolythgaatmyhavaendbeednivovrece~ All interested in missionary work contain for Moslems may well read this book. harmful. 'rhe Koran is full of mis- l"rom .it ,-ve get an exceedingly valutakes and of teachings that for us are able sldcbght on our task which is to obsolete. RO lift up Christ that the divine pic- This is an unusual stanupoint for tnre of God and the salvation whid1 He offers can draw mien to Him, eVPI1 Moslem apologists to take. The un- hesitating rejection of superstition. those who have been captivated by the and of outworn social legislation in system of ::'IIohammecl. P. w. H.

Islam, rather t~kes one '8 breath away. With Italy in Her Final War of Libera- tion. By Qhn D. Wannamaker. lllus. The frank admIssion that Christianity 8"0. 29,1 pp. $1.75 net. Fleming H. is more ideally perfect than Mohan~­ medanism, but that .Mohammedanism Revell Co. Xew York. 1923.

is the more vital of the two, is a new and rather startling beginning for The Y. :;I. C. A., by its humani- such a. discussion. The Wahabees of tarian work, contributed much to Cent.ral Arabia would repudiate a man Italy's efficiency in the World War.

makmg such admissions. ::-'[;. Wannamaker writ-es a glowing It is very inadequately realized tnbute to the work among the soldiers am0.ng. Chri.sti.ans, and even among at t~e front, in prison camps and in ChrIstIan ~Isslonaries, how powerful hospItals. Italv had 5000000 men and cOI,n.pelling a system of philosophy mobilized, took· nearly half 'a million underlies Mohammedanism, once its prisoners and had hundreds of thousuperstitions have been sloughed sands wounded in battle or incapaciaway. Ve are going to see eventuallv that to say that lIohammedanism ca~­ tated ,itnhtreoreusgthingilalnnedssinfaonrmd indgisfeaacste~ Slome not be true because it claims to be ~re gIven concermng Italy, the Ital- ~:miversal and its regulations regard- Jans and the War as wen as graphic mg prayer cannot be carried out in accounts of the Y work. About 300 the Arctic regions, is to betray an al- American workers were sent to Italy. most pathetic blindness to the real They did effective work though only questions at issue. When for instance th~ author asserts that the underlying ~ small part of it was strictly relig- phIlosophy and teachings of Moham- 10US.· Too much spacl) is given, per- medanism are more in a~corcl with thr haps, to defend and praise the y. too scientific, industrial ana politica1 much is said as to why the Ame;ican temper of modern times than those of Y did· not go to Italy sool1er and too Christianity, he: occupies a position little is told in the way of actual inci- from which it would be difficult to dents and experiences and the definite dislodge him. results of the work. Twin Travelogues. With paper doll cut directions are followed, the result outs. By Welthy Honsinger. The Abing. should be impressive. don Press. 50 cents each. New York. 1923. Progressive Suggestions for Planning Church Buildings. Plans and Sketches. These cutouts for India and Korea Edited by Elbert M. Conover and Albert are fascinating for young children N. Dobbins. Pamphlet. 48 pp. 50 cents. and very instructive. Travel stories Home Missions Council. New York. 1923. of children in foreign lands accompany the pictures. Use them in the This book will prove a real boon to home and in children's bands – and churches at home and abroad that are don't omit the travel stories. looking for ideas which combine beauty and utility for church and A Young Man's View of the Ministry. S. chapel buildings in city, suburb and M. Shoemaker. 86 pages. $1.25. Asso· country. It also has a good list of ciation Press. New York. 1923. books recommended.

Anyone who is engaged in the work Bible Stories in Rbyme. By Florence E. Hay. Illustrated in color. 4 to 84 pp. of the ministry, and anyone who has The Rodeheaver Co. Chicago. 1923.

at heart the recruiting of the ranks These are rhymes, not poems, and a few are only jingles, but they are of gospellers should welcome this little reverent and orthodox and tell the Bible stories so as to teach the lessons volume as much as the young men in intended. "Poetic license" causes oc- casional liberties with the Bible text, their hour of decision as to their life as when the "forbidden fruit" in gden is called an "apple." Most of work to whom this young minister has the words are simple and easily under- stood by the young boys and girls who primarily addressed his message. will find it easy to memorize the rhymes. The pictures are good. The Young Man'8 View of the Ministry is simple and practical as well as A. Correction.-John Lewis Hill, author of "When Black Meets helpfully (not fulsomely) personal. White, " is not a colored man, but is t.he white pastor of a church in Nash- The six divisions of the book-The ville, Tennessee.

Work, The Message, The Call, The NEW BOOKS Need, The Reward, An Appeal-com- Persian Women and Their Ways. C. Col· bine to send a ringing challenge to liver R.ice. Illus. Map. 312 pp. 218. Seeley, Service. London. 1923. men to givE' over their lives to Christ Unconquered Abyssinia As it is Today. to be used by Him in the abundant Charles F. Rey. Illus. Map. 312 pp. living and joyous serving He came 218. Seeley, Service. London. 1923.

to give. R. M. L. The Black Republic. Liberia, Its Social and Political Conditions Today. Henry New Blood. By Louise Rice. Illustrated. Fenwick Reeve. 200 pp. lOs, 6d. With· 12mo. 110 pp. $1.00 net. Fleming H. erby. London. 1923. Revell Co. New York. 1922. In Witch-Bound Africa. An Account of Immigrants furnish the material the Primitive Kaonde Tribe and Their for thesE' little "stories of the folks Beliefs. F. II. Melland. Illus. Maps. who make America." Though light 316 pp. 21$. Seeley, Service. London. reading for young folks and for mis- 1923. sionary circles, they will help to awaken interracial sympathy and a After Livingstone. An African Trade desire to help aliens. Romance. Fred L. M. Moir. lIlus. Map. 200 pp. 68. Hodder & Stoughton. Lon- India Painting Book. By Elsie A. Wood don. 1923. and Henry T. Vodden. Church Mission· ary Society. 1$. London. 1923. The Basuto of Basutoland. Eric Dutton. Illus. Map. 132 pp. lOs, 6d. Cape. Those who have seen the painting London. 1923. books of Egypt and other lands will (ConcZuded on 3d eover) welcome this. It is very attractive.

World Service. A Religious Pageant. By Alfred Luke Fanst. Pamphlet. 30 pp. 25 cents. Methodist Book Concern. New York. 1923.

Musical numbers are suggested, costumes, stage setting and lighting. If

~e MOSLEM

cA QUARTERLY MAGAZINE Published in JANUARY, APRIL, JULY, OCTOBER EDITED BY SAMUEL M.· ZWEMER, CAIRO, EGYPT ASSOCIATE EDITORS.

REv. H. U. WEITBRECHT ST.~NTO;/. Ph.D.. London. REV. V. ST. CLAIR TISD.{LL. Ph.D.. London.

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THIS is the only magazine in English which gives first. hand contemporary information from the missionary point of view regarding the world of Islam as a whole. The current number contains articles by expert writers on The Present Situation in the Near East; The Shari-Chad Country, Central Afdca (with maps); Moravian Missions to Moslems; The Outlook in North Africa; France a Disintegrator of Islam; The Sudanese Woman's Ontlook on Life; The Holland Mission in Egypt; Mohammed's Birthday; Turkey Seen from Tarsus; Islam in Bulgaria; Economic and Social Conditions in East Arabia.

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The Re[l Chinese in America. .T. S. 1'0"". Chalmers of New Guinea. Alexander Illus. 168 pp. $1.50. Academy Press. SmalL Illus. 176 pp. 3s, 6d. Hodder Xew York. 1923. & Stoughton. London. 1923.

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American Bible Society One Hundred and Livingstone the Master Missionary. Hubert Seventh Annual Report-1923. American F. Livingstone Wilson. Dlus. Map. 230 Bible Society. Kew York. 1923. pp. 38, 6d. Hodder & Stoughton. Lon· don. 1923. India Pie-a Book of Stories and Pictures. Various Autltors. 61 pp. 18. Clturclt Japanese Civilization: Its Significance and ).IissionHl'y Society. London. 1923. R.ealization. R. Staomi. 238 pp. lOs, 6d. Regan Paul. London. 1923. Year BOBk of Prayer for Missions, 1924. 25 cents. ).fission Boards of the Presby- Education in China. Edited by T. T. Lew terian Church in U. S. A. and T. T. Teng. $2.50. (Mex.) Mission Book Co. Shanghai. 1923. At the Mercy of Turkish Brigands. Mrs. D. C. Eby. 285 pp. Bethel Publishing Southern Tibet. Sven Hedin. 9 vols. 2978 Co. :'ew Carlisle, Ohio. 1922. pp. Rr. 700. Lithographic Institute of the Swedislt Army. Stockholm. Every Foreign Woman-a Modern Miracle Play. Alice W. S. Brimson. 11 pp. 15 Wanderings in Arabia. 2 vols. Cltarles cents. VVoman's Americau Baptist Home M. Doughty. (New Edition.) Vol. T. Mission Society. 2969 Veruon Avenue, 309 pp. Va.!. II. 297 pp. 20s. Duck- Chicago. ] 923. worth. London. 1923.

The Spread of Christianity. Paul Hutchin· The Awakening of Palestine. Edited by son. lIlus. Maps. 276 pp. $1.50. Leonard Stein and Leon Simon. Essays Abingdon Press. New York. 1923. by Varions Writers. 326 pp. 78, 6d. Murray. London. 1923. Atlas of the Evangelical Lutheran Mission in New Guinea. Index. Maps by Stephan Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIE1'f OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers.

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Need Your Help for a Place to Worship Will You Be One to send $.5.00 01' more to build this church-the only one for lepers in America?

number of lepers in the United States is incrE'asing, and must in-' crease unless they' are properly segregated. The Government has provided Hospital Sixty-six iu ~lOuthe1'll Louisiana "as a leper colony which may soon house 500 lepers. ~ican Christians must, however, provide religious consolation, in- struction and a place of worship-The Government cannot do it. Will you help ~ The Roman Catholics have already provided a, priest and an attractive and commodious chapel for their constituency, but this does not meet the needs of the Protestant lepers. The Protestant Chapel, funds for which are being raised by The Ameri- can Mission to LepElrs, will COHt about $52,000. The Protestant chaplain is already on the field and is proving a blessing to these sufferers. The clergymen of New Orleans and Baton Rouge are cooperating in the "York. Every Christian Church in America should have a part in fnIing this great neE'd. Ten thousand shares at $5.00 each will make possible the erection of this chapel. FiYe thousand shares already taken. Will you or your church, or both, take one or more shares in this Christ- like world DO IT NOW!

THE NEED IS IMMEDIATE Let Your Benefactions Live After You THIS IS A PART OF A WORLD-WIDE PROGRAM TO CLEANSE THE LEPER and TO RID THE WORLD of LEPROSY

The Missionary Review of the World — November 1919

~ Catalog of

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I The illuslration shows k" ,IJ" lfil1 Mail Order Service '" lwo Guest Towel. 0/ g I"'" I J~ or Any 0/ the _rchan Pure Linen Hucka- — hack. size 15 x 22 dis. described mus- inches. The one with I cross-weave design is I n s;1 . Iraled may he. orde"d i $13.50 per dozen and I wilh complete s.dus/ac- l:dJ lion through o,!! M tiil IlK olher wiih s/ripe' / … ……. Order Sertice. design $10.00 per )I dozen. :…….. ….~ ..~l, , A hundred or more men and women in YOUR congregation need to know more about the Book of Books and how its reading by the non-Christian world is made possible. What will YOU, as their Pastor, do for them on Universal Bible Sunday. November 30th, 1919, To Pastors, Officers, Teachers There are still about three weeks. beJore the coming of this red letter day for the Book of Books. The American Bible Society will send you on request, as soon as ready, a living message with inspiration, facts and figures-not dry statistics-together with an exceedingly interesting church or Sunday school program for Universal Bible Sunday.

Address The Secretary, 27B, Bible House, New York Please mention THE: MISSIONARY IO;vu;w ot 'tHl!; -WORLD in writing to advertisers THE MISSIONARY Review of .the World DELA VAN L. PIERSON. Editor.

CONTENTS FOR NOVEMBER. 1919 COVER ILLUSTRATION-SIGNS OF A N-.:w WOlu,n-MAKIl AMIlRICA CHRISTIAN.

FRONTISPIECE-MAP OF INDIAN MISSIONS IN THIl UNITED STATlS.

SIGNS OF THE TIMES . . . . . . . 817 EDITORIAL COMMENT 823 A CENTURY OF CHRISTIANITY IN AMERICA By Rllv. CHARI.ES L. THOMPSON, D. D. 827 A brief sketch of the growth of Christianity in the United States' by the President of the Home Missions Council.

CHRISTIAN 'I'RAINING-THE PRIME REQUISITE By Rw. W. DOUGLAS MACKENZm, LL. D. 834 A convincing statement of the need of a Biblical and spiritual foundation for the development 0/ Christian character in the American people.

AMERICA'S DEBT TO IMMIGRATION. . . . . By MRS. D. E. WAID 839 IIlust.rated from photographs and map.

THE MOUNTAINEE;RS OF THE SOUTH (Illustrated) By V. I. MASTERS 845 PROBLEMS OF 'I'HE COUN'I'RY PARISH (Illustrated) By REv. PAUL L. VOGT, D. D. 850 THE INDIANS, THE FIRST AMERICANS (Illustrated) By Rllv. THOMAS C. :MOFFETT 858 THE MEXICANS IN THE SOUTHWEST (Illustrated) By Rllv. JOSIAH H. HEALD, D. D. 860 THE MORMONS OF TODAY AND HOW TO WIN THEM (Illustrated) By REv. WM. E. LA RUIl 866 GOSPEL CRUISERS AND CHAPEL CARS (Illustrated) . . By Col HAYNE 870 AMERICA'S CRISIS AND OPPORTUNITY By Rlv. CHARLES L. WHITE, D. D. 874 BEST METHODS FOR COLLEGES . .By MRS. E. C. CRONK 880 WOMAN'S HOM1t MISSION BULLETIN Edited by FLORllNCll E. QUINLAN 887 HOME MISSION Wl1lK THll NEw TExT BOOKS FOR THIl FORllIGN BORN WOMAN NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 891 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY . 903 TERM'S; $2.50 a ·year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, SO cents. Single copies 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1919, by Missionary Review Publishing Company. Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second class matter at the postoffice at Cooperstown, N. Y., 'under the Act of March 3, 1l~79.

MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

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ROBltRT E. SPUR, President DaAvAN L. PmRSON, Secretary FRANK L. BROWN, Vice-President W AL·tllR McDoUGALL, Treasurer Study the Bible with Dr. Gray I•n Your Own Home Get a New Vision of God's Dealings with Mankind.

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the inspiration, the vision of. world service the Christian Herald gives. A million new short term subscribers before 1920 is the Christian Herald's, goal. The 6 months' redu~ed price offer is made p _ _ _ …. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ without profit to the Christian Herald. One dollar in currency, check or money order sent now (at the I Christian Herald's risk) is guaranteed to give you more I and better literature than you could imagine possible.

And I I remember-every subscriber for six months I I or more is entitled to enroll in the six months' course THE CHRISTIAN HERALD I 620 Bible House, New York . I I wish to join the Christian Herald's corre- spondence course-twenty-four llible studies- and to have my name entered as a six months' subscriber to the Christian Herald.. I enclose of Bible Study to be conducted by the Faculty of $2,00 in full payment. ($1.00 for the corre- :- I the Moody Bible Institute on payment of one dollar I additional (two dollars in all). spondence course and $1.00 for this special six II ' months' trial SUbscription.) USE THE COUPON I I Nante ……. '" …………… _………. —————- L====::===:;::;=;:==::;===:LAdIdress……………….. -………….:JI Please mention THlt MISSIONARY RSvn:w OF 'i'Ht WORI.n in writing to advertisers

PERSONAI.S

Young Woman Citizen Rev. AR'tHUR J. BROWN, D. D., a secre- tary of the Presbyterian Board of For- By Mary Austin eign Missions, attended a Conference of Mrs. Austin's book leads the young the World Alliance for International woman beyond her first conception 01 Friendship through the Churches at the citizensbip. which was to emulate man, to the recognition and development ot Hague, September 30 to October 3. Dr. woman's distinctive contribution, which Brown also represented the Federal Coun- includes: "her ha bit to think the next cil Commission on Relief for Protestant thing." "her appreciation of values." "her new experienoo of togetherness, If Churches in France and Belgium and at- "the family type of organization." tended a Conf.erence in Great Britain on Clotb 12mo. Net $1.35. Postpaid $1.50 plans for continuing missionary work for- merly carried on by German societies. Young Women in the … New Social Order By Mary Cady Miss .Ca.dy has skillfully arranged for REv. WOR'tH M. TIPPY of the Federal student citizens a series 01 thought~com pelling questions-a.s study outline fol' Council of the Churches and Dr. Fred use with the "Young Woman Citizen," B. Fisher, associate secretary of the Net 35 cents. Postpaid 40 cents. Methodist Episcopal Board or Foreign Missions, have been appointed by the In- Health and the terchurch World Movement to investigate Woman Move.ment labor conditions, at home aud abroad, with By Clelia Duel Mosher especial reference to religious questions and. missionary· work. A brief and scitmtIHc discussion of the health problems of women, including a * * .. simple and ra.tional system of health~ bUilding which would fit every woman REV. S. R. W ARBUR'tON a former physically for such work as present , industrial conditions demand. missionary to China, and iater assistant Board 16mo. Net 60 cents. Postpaid 70 cenh. secretary of the American Baptist Foreign Human Element in the' Mission Society, has been appointed Making of a Christian Associate Secretary of the Federal Coun- By Bertha Conde Study in personal evangelism. Sugges- cil of the Churches of Christ in Amer- tions how to approach the nominal . .. . ]ca. Christlan, the non-Christian, children, and persons semi-Christian, in order to DR. A. A. Fur/roN, of the American Presbyterian Mission in Canton, China, briDj> them to a full profession of the celebrated his seventieth birthday on Chnstian faith. Each chapter has ac- June 4, 1919. He has been a missionary companying "questions for thought." for thirty-eight years. Bible readings and suggeSted collateral * .. .. readings.

Clotb IZmo. Net $1.00. Postpaid $1.10 Christianity and Industry BISHOP HE;RBE;RT WncH and DR. JOHN F. GOUCHER attended the General Con- By William· Adams.Brown ference of the Japan Methodist C),lUreh The author outlines the principles of in Tokyo, October 24. Christianity in their appUcation to the question of wa.ges, hours of labor, sani- * .. ..

ta.tion, housing,. etc. Net 35 cenh. Postpaid 40 cents.

Opportunity lor Religion DR. SHERMAN COOLllx:e, a full blooded By Harry F. Ward Arapahoe Indian, is a leader in the po- An a.ppeal to the churches to assume their litical, moral and religious life of the moral and social obli~ations in the organ- American Indians. Dr. Coolidge was ization of society on a democratic basis. picked up on the battlefield when a child, Net 60 cents. Postpaid 70 cents. and educated as a clergyman. . … Mobilizing Woman Power NICHOLAI, the Alaska Indian medicine By Harriot Stanton Blatm man whose picture appeared in the frontispiece of the July RevIEW recently Man-power is demobilizing, Woman- made public renunciation of his witch-doc- tor practices, and with his wife, was re- power Is still enlisting. How to utUlze ceived into membership of the Christian and organize this vost army of "Occupa- Church. tion Wanted" Is our task. Clotb 12mo. Net $1.25. Poatpaid $1.35. * .. ..

BOOKSHOPS EVERYWHERE, or Continued on page viii THE WOMAN'S PRESS 600 Lexington Ave. NEW YORK CITY Please mention THI: MISSIONARY R£VlltW -OF THlt WORLD in writing to advertisers Regular Motion Picture Service lor the Church Community Settlement Club School Grange Institutions Dramatic Features THE ZENITH Comedies Standard but Portable . Educationals Juveniles The onlY Portable Projector that meets all Church, School, Hall and Theatre requirefrom Leading Motion Picture .Producing ments. Compdnies The Zenith will show a picture as far, as Carefully Selected and Edited Ezc1uaively large, and clear as any pro jector, regardless lor Us <it size or price. al&o The Zenith is fireproof, dust proof, and Special Productions ·fool proof. The only machine wherein the lile of the film was considered a vital part of made ezciusioely for the Church, the its construction. School and Community The Zenith is so simple, any man or If You are Giving woman of average intelligence can set it up Screen Entertainments and have a picture on the screen in five minutes; without danger of shock or burns. – Get particulars of Our Service The Zenith is equipped with high grade If You Have no Machine Gundlach Lens, Mazda Lamp and Condens- ers, Universal Motor, operating on direct or but want to gioe .Screen Entertainmenl$, alternating current, Speed Regulator, Fram- advise Us er, Automatic Fire Shutter, Handowser, Safety Fire Valves, and STEREOPTICON. ~CR~1~T~7IiJ~~,~~zNT The Zenith can be operated by hand or JOHN McALEER, President motor by attaching it to any electrie light 67 West 90th Street, New York, N. Y. socket.

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"The Cause Which I Knew Not I

Searched Out.' '-Job 29:16.

Job Thought That Was a Virtue. He Was Right.

I F Job were living today, he would search out the condition and needs of the Negro, and how to help him. He would have ordered the new study beok issued by the Board-"The Negro: An American Asset" (paper 30 cents, postage 6 cents). So he would have found out why thete are so few schools for the Negro; why he needs ministers and churches; why he has a hard road to travel. He would learn what Southerners say of the miserable schools and ignorant teachers. He would have blessed God for the Freedmen's Board, and gladly sent a large gift.

Job had trouble; but his charities were his comfort.

nOARD OF MISSIONS FOR FREEDMEN OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A.

515 Bessemer Building Pittsburgh, Pa.

Missionary ,Work on the Streets of New York in shops. halls. tents. vacant lots. parks-wherever the unevangelized American and foreigner. white and colored. rich. poor. old and young. can be reached with the Gospel.

The Evangelistic Committee of New York City is an association of ministers and laymen, representing the various denominations.

The Committee erects fully equipped tents furnished with caretaker•. students. children's workers. song leaders. placing them at the disposal of mission churches. or employs an evangelist and places the tents in needy fields where existing churches may be strengthened or new churches organized.

I t conducts meetings in shops. halls and on the streets. with employed evangelists. or with pastors and laymen as volunteer speakers.

I t assists men's organizations and young people's societies in conductiQl!' evangelistic institutes for the study of personal evangelism. the evangelistic message and evangelistic methods. that the latent forces of churches may be developed and put to work. The work of the Committee is supported by voluntary contributions.

In the winter converts are visited and brought into closer fellowship with Christ. Bible classes and neighborhood prayer meetings are held. boys' club. maintained. evangelism promoted by conferences. etc.. surveys made of foreign centers and the energetic summer work planned for.

Your church. Sunday school or missionary society should have a part in this evangelistic missionary work among New York's unconverted masses.

Send for the story of the anarchist who became a missionary-of the would be murderer who was brought to Christ. These remarkably interesting stories. suitable for dass use. of some of the results the committee has accomplished. will be sent upon request. together with detailed in-, formation regarding the Committee's work.

EVANGELISTIC COMMITTEE OF NEW YORK CITY 541 LEXINGTON AVENUE, NEW YORK Please mention TH£ MISSIONARY ~VIltw OF 'rH~ WORLD in writing to advertisers " ROBERTE. SPEER'S NEW BOOK r,he Gospel and the New World 12mo. cloth, $2.00 net.

Everyone interested in Missions should read and own this great book by the famous authority on Foreign Missions. It discusses the new problems, opportuni- ties and responsibilities which confront this Christian activity in view of the changed world-conditions resultant on the Great War. Probably no man living is better qualified than Dr. Speer to review the situation, and this statement of his conclu- sions will be awaited with an expectancy worthy of the theme.

WILLIAM EARL LARUE CAROLINE ATWATER MASON Tht Fonndations 01 Mormonism Author o/"TheumeGreenGod," etc.

12 mo. cloth. net $1.25 Conscripts 01 Conscienee Bruce Kinney says; "The author has discovered and 12mo, cloth. net $1.00. here brought together original documents bearing on the origin and h:story of all branches of the Mormon Church. A plea in story Fonn for volunteers for Medical Mi88ion ~rhdr.:::v8eod:~artling that they must be either accepted Th~kh~~o~~~t~;i::ri~i:l:"h~t;; b!~i:gc~:ti~~={:~£!~~ CHARLES L. THOMPSON, D. D. during our World War. A parallel field of opportunity is The Soul Df America here presented with every promise of equal stimulus to times of peace. The contribution of Presbyterian Home Mis- MRS. H. G. UNDERWOOD sions. Illustrated. cloth, net $1.25; paper. net Underwood of Korea 50c. , A .record of the Life and Work of Horace G. A lucid clearly defined statement of what has been done Underwood, D. D. Illustrated. cloth. net $1.50.

on the North Ainerican Continent. in Home Mission field no~~n:~Jifai:hf:ii~ i~P~:~:&f::o:ri~~~::ew:eo.!:.b:;:~ by the Presbyterian ChUl ch. scntinK' his character. consecration. faith and indomitable WINIFRED W. BARTON courage."-Mi88iona.

John P. Williamson CHARLES KENDALL HARRINGTON A Brother to the Sioux. Drawing. by John Mt3s!onary Amer. Baptist Foretgn Miss. Socl£t1l to Japan Redowl. Illustrated. 12mo. cloth. net $1.75. Captain Bickel 01 the Inland Sea "On the. prai.ries Dr. Williamson spent a life of over eighty years crowded with adventures. hardship8 and toil Illustrated. Bvo, cloth. net $1.75. as he laid out trai]s fOJ civilization. Such men are our truest empire builders."-Albert Wenz in the Dakota da;'!:e:i=dS:~i~e:~ tto:t t:~~or:sre:el~!~ 8:::S::i~i: Parmer. th,iIling. informing and at the _me time a story of gre",t sp:ritual urgency and power."- Watchman-Examiner. GRACE H. KNAPP MisS!Onar't':{~im~::J!r1can Board HARRIET NEWELL NOYES Canton. China.

The Tragedy of Bitlis A Light In the Land of Sinim A chapter of Armenia's suffering. Illustrated. Forty-live Years in the True Light Seminary. 12mo. cloth. net $1.00. 1872-1917. Fully Illustrated. 8vo. net $1.50.

The district about Lake Van in Armenia paased through th~:'h~~Y:; ~hris~::o:=vi~~~dalie h:co':3~L:r~f~r: the most awful of that sad country's teuible experience. This authentic story from eye witnesses carries the utmost sented is missionary activity in China for more than forty~ conviction and will ewlLken unstinted sympathy, nve years."-Christ'ian Work.

A STORY PLEA FOR FOREIGN MISSIONS Miss Emeline's Kith and Kin By WINIFRED ARNOLD i ~ANY Buak-..Ilu faT Caroline Atwater Mason says: "r have enjoyed the homely and pun- gent humor of Miss Arnold's story. The element ofForeign Missions and I REX~JkS~1 missionaries so closely interwoven through the book strengthens its quality and commends it to thoughtful readers. Cloth. $1.25 net.

I ISS Fifth A'itnue, New York AT ALL BOOKSELLERS OR OF 17 N. W.La.L Annue. Chicago FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY, Publishers NEW YORK, 158 Fifth Avenue CHICAGO. l7 N, Wabash Avenue Please mention THt M1SSlONARY Rltvu;w 01 'tllt WO~ in writing to advertisers for my sermons, I use MISSIONARY PERSONALS the large, bold type. Continued from page iv Then by "Just turning the knob" ~ .G~ A memorial to DR. JOHN T. GRACEY, pioneer Methodist missionary to India, is t'i$&' "9 'I'",.. iI.~ '(0'1' _~ to be erected in tl.' form of a church at Sitapur, near Lucknow, and will be known ~'I'~ ..'''' eO'l''I''''8~o~il.e~o",. as the "John Talbot Gracey Memorial Church." My Sunday School not'e.s, … … …

REV. D. EBINA, a Christian pastor in Tokyo, who is now in America on :r visit, has been selected as the new President of the Doshisha, to succeed Rev. T. Harada.

.. * ..

REV. ROBERT A. "HUME, D. D., Congre- gational missionary to India for forty-five years, will serve as Professor of Missions in the Kennedy School of Missions in Hartford, Conn., during the coming year.

"Many Typewriterll/n One" *** REV" RODNEY W. ROUNDY, associate sec- retary of the American Missionary Asso- ciation, has been elected associate secre- tary of the Home Missions Council, and will devote his time chiefly to mission work for Negroes in northern hc1ustrial centers.

w::n Would yo.. like to know ",Au the … … …

~'itlp~?:.::.amoio:!~.f ~ul~D MR. SAM HIGGINBOT'roM, of the Allaha- bad Agricultura] Institute, and Superinyou In / …r words: tendent of a leper asylum, is in the United States for a brief visit to raise Becaus. of Its Yersatilityt necessary funds for the Institute.

The Multiplex HammoD.i does every- * * .. thing any other typewriter will do, and betides, if you "Just turn the MR. HORACl( E. COI,l(MAN, educational knob" you caD chaDge from ODe style secretary for Japan of the World's Sunof type, or from one language. to an- day School Association, has returned to other. Note the above specimen Tokyo. after a furlough in the United (sllghtly reduced) Gil Vlr'tl.,. .n lAs States. SAME machin•• … >I< >I< No Other Typewriter Can Do Thi. DR. STANI.EY WHITE, a secretary of the No matter ..h. Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, you are, what you who has been investigating conditions in aarree.. or where you Syria, returned to New York on Septem- the Multiplex ber 8. Hammond Is the wrltin g machine * …… for YOU. Mail the coupon tor DR. LI BI Cu, a missionary in Lungtien, free folder. China, with two other native women doc- tors of China, attended the World Health Also a PORTABLE Model and Social Morality Conference held in New York City in October. Full capacity. Weight"bout 11 pound•. Ask for lPecial folder. Mailed free. * .. * lnquire about special taTIn. to MR. JAMES STOKES, who died recently, prof~• •i o n a l . bequeathed the major part of his $2,000,- 000 estate to the James Stokes Society ____________Free Folder____________. for the purpose of promoting Y. M. C. A. work in Paris, Rome and Petrograd. THE HAMMOND TYPEWRITER CO. 577 East 69Jh Sta, New York City.

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—-OOLViLLElT——- ·—· ;;IO~UX-II ·.-~–0 ·-·-·

_ O ! l ,BLACKFEET -. • II .4. ., • I~ H"'-……'-"llll-'TULAUP SPOKA:E ~ • • •• • •• – OI,I' " E . SIOUX • SKOKOMISH AS •• !I I"I B O~ . ,I '" PUYALLUP • NESQUALLV "'–"[r·_·_·_·-·_·-t ••.:.' ·N~ .. PERd • CHEHALIS • •CR•O_W_-_N~O)RITH(COLJ1IElYENNI iEf–. .,.•~:~. – – – -• -"AKIMA +• • ._.J I II OU)( • I~'…~ I aANNOCK, .WIND RIVER •• ,, …~ ..~.-•-• —.'1 • t SHOSH~NE – f L · 0. ' • 0 o_#K ",L ,~A ~iM BiA DWT ELH L-L, ;J;-1·-•~ , HOO'*" I 1- .KLAMATH RlVfR 'WINNEBAGO ••• OMAHA ~"~""t..•"~ VALLEY . :….._.,._._._.- -0- . 'I<~,i"CO 0 GRlENVlt I • o'- ': ~~J.O ~LKER 0 0 UINTAH .. -.—~ RIVER ., "

o 00 " I – I 00 0 ,>~WASHOr: .r:;.-+ o MONO. PA,I~;~MOAPA RIV6R i SHIVWITS SOUTHERN •-.-~= o •• UTE I • ·-·-·-'::-l;CH;~~t+ JI&AW·– ")",S';:P.~' .~p>O DIGGER _ r·-·-ll:WN:'.,.2*"CKA;IOOD._Wc"A_r:l:'r+o:.~..~.:~'.R:;.E.'~'.lKLG'~t'.od.x)!. .-_ " 0 •• ……po * ." o 0. PUEBLO ~~c~c!c~~ :;,:__ ' * o 0 OSUPAI •• HUALPAI .. •".," •• :c.~~ 0tZUNI. LAGUNA I" "'~ • – HOct" •• ;r • ~::Ii"PA MtSCALERO .YUMA . .PIMA , I ",,…eo •• THE LOCATION OF ' ….L.r PROTESTANT EVANGELICAL MISSIONS TO INDIANS LEGEND ~ MORAVIAN IN THE – BAPTIST UNITED STATES .ACONGREGATl • LUTHERAN (. MIIHD.ASS'"

• EPISCOPAL • MENNONITE. PRESBYTERIAN *+ fRI EN DS – METHODIST • REfORMED INDEPENDENT @ Y.M.c.A-Y.W.tA 0 NHiIlmD mLDS This map is prepared ,by Dr. T. C. Moffett to show the distribution of Protestant Missionary agencies among the American Indians. It is necessarily incomplete. In states like South Dakota and Oklahoma, only principal mission centers are dl$ignated. Some neglected field s are not shown, nor are the locations of all the Indians, some of whom are to be found mingled with the white population in every state. (See page 858.)

MISSIONARY

EVIEW1£ VOL NOVEMBER, 1919 NmmllR EL"""N XLII THE OHUROH AND INDUSTRIAL PROBLEMS A NATIONAL Oonference was called by the Interchurch World Movement to meet in New York October 2nd and 3rd, to dis,- cuss the relation of the Ohurch to the labor problem. The request for the calling of this conference came from Secretary of Labor Wilson, and Senator Kenyon, chairman of the Senate Oommittee on Education and Labor; and from officials of the American Federation of Labor. Dr. Fred B. Fisher, chairman of the Industrial Relations department of the Interchurch World Movement, presided and announced the following policies as the basis of the discussion: "The principles taught and lived by Jesus CHrist and entrusted to His followers, as the dominating force in the adjustment of industrial relations- "(a) They condemn all conditions repressive of human liberty and social advance.

"(b) They equally condemn desertion of duty to public safety by the sworn servants of the law.

"(c) They work for mutual understanding and cooperation by the irresistible force of love and justice."

The Interchurch Movement proposes to prepare speakers to help improve industrial relations; to cooperate with the churches and other religious agencies in providing places for free discussion of any and all affrurs; to render service to industries in considering the relationships which should exist between concerns and employees and in setting up the organization for the promotion of such relationships; to promote responsibility among employees for production both in quality and quantity; to aid in the establishment and ownership of American homes, such as suburban development and colonization for the relief of congested districts; to study the immigrant, his motives in coming here, and to improve conditions surrounding him after ~is arrival; to render service in the solu- 817

tion of the problems of readjustment to the new environment and in training for loyal citizenship.

The Conference decided to investigate the causes of the steel strike and adopted a program of policy concerning industrial and social problems. This program recognizes the right of labor to share in profits of industry, the equality of women in labor, the benefit of cooperation ·between labor and capital and condemns the exploitation of any class for private gain. At the same time the Conference warned the eQurelws against tying up to any in- dustrial system or party. . While the Church as an institution, and Christians as individuals, are naturally interested in whatever affects human welfare, there is great danger lest Christian organizations be sidetrackrd from their main objective. The Church stands for the principles of Jesus Christ and is opposed to all oppression or unrighteousness but the greatest service of the Church is to proclaim the principles of righteousness and brotherly love, and not to usurp the office of the government in settling political and industrial disputes. The solution of these evils will he found in proportion as men accept Jesus Christ as their Saviour and Lord and practice His teachings in every department of life.

Men may find, fault because the Church does not side with one or the other party in a dispute, but the real fault lies with the party that does not side with Christ. Evil must be denounced and combated wherever and in 'whatever form it appears, but the remedy for evil from the standpoint of the Christian Church is in the living Power that comes from Jesus Christ.

FACING 'L'HFJ NEGRO PROBLEM R ACE riots in 'Washington, Chicago and elsewhere are merely outcropping symptoms of the disorder that has been develop- ing in sections of America where large numbers of Negroes have been growing restive under the restrictions, or worse, that have been imposed by thp1r white neighbors. Some grievances have lJeen long standing. It is undeniable that in many sections-es-' pecially of the southern states-ther~ has been a disposition to treat the Negro chiefly as a burden bearer and menial worker. Proper educational facilities have been donied, housing conditions have been very poor, industrial and social improvements have been neglected and justice to accused Negroes has too often been difficult or impossible to secure. It is reported that last year many Negroes were put to death without trial. While Negroes are often objectionable neighbors and are too often guilty of heinous crimes, the same may be said of white people of the same dpgree of low moral and intellectual development. Thousands of Negroes have achieved positions of moral and financial leadership that would be a credit to

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

any race-nearly ::l00,000 WE're called into military service and fought well; hundrE'ds of thousamls worked in munition factories and earned good pay.

Since the cessation of hostilities-and the demohilization the crisis has become acutt'. This S('( ms to 1)0 due to two main reasons: (1) to the migration of somE' five hundred thom'and Negroes from the South into Northern industrial centers in which they have not beeome assimilated socially and (:2) to the spirit of independence and increasE'd self-E'stcem devE'loped ill tllP NE'groes becausE' of their recognizpri.sacrifieial sE'I"viee for the' l'ause of libE'l'ty in the recent World War.

At the invitation of the Home Missions Council a conferencE' of rf'pres(mtatives of various agpncies interE'sted in the welfare of the Negro was held September 4, ] 919, at which about seventy-five leading men of both racE'S WE're present. Bishop W. P. Thirkield, of New OrleaIls, was Chairman and Dr. Alfred vVms: Anthony of the Home Missions Council, Secretary. After prolonged and illuminating discussion of the pI'f~sent crisis and the outlook, the conference voted to request the Federal Council of Churches to issue a public pronouncement upon thl' preHent situation. It also requested both tile Federal Council and the Hom{~ Missions Council to help adjust illter-racial relations hy setting up joint committees of the two races in northern inc1u·strial cenil,rs where Negroes are in considerable numbers.

The pronouncement of the conference will contain utterances on (1) the protectioll of life and property; (2) economic justice to tlw Negro, with equal opportunity to work on the same terms as other mPJI; (3) the saIll'tity of home and womanhood; (4) the establishment of adelJuate l'ecrE'ational centers for Negroes; (5) equal traveling aceommodatiolls for Npgroes with equal clmrges; (6) adequate educational facilities for Negro children and youth; and (7) qualifications for franchise irrespective of racE', creed or color.

It is significant that at this conference men of both races, and from all parts of the cbuntry, both North and South, were in agreement respecting the national responsibility, broader than that of any section, for the prop(~r solution of the Negro prohlE'm, and the opportunity and responsibility of the Church to make her influence and ](oudership felt in this task of racial reconstruction in America.

There should he a general recognition of the Negro's value to the nation. The University Commission for the study of race problems has appealed to Southern college mE'n to cultivate a more tol- ('rant spirit and to emphasize the best rather than the worst features of inter-racial relations. It is only fair that the Negroes desiring to make progress should be given the opportunity to bring up their childr,en in wholesome surroundings and with proper educational facilities.

HOPE FOR AMERICAN INDIANS T HE American Indian has been the "ward of the nation" for over a cent~ry ~nd a qua.rter and yet there are 50,000 ?f the 3'50,000 IndIans In the Umted States almost or wholly wIthout Christian instruction or religious oversight. In addition" to these are at least 100,000 Indians unclaimed as members or adherents of any branch of the Christian Church. The causes of this condition include the disagreement between ChristIan sects, the IJolicy of government agents on Indian reservations, the def'ire of somp people to kl~ep the Indians in their ahoriginal condition, the evil effects of Indian allowances and the lack of Indian Christian leaders.

Recently the evangelical missions have been coming together to develop plans for more effective cooperation and a more thorough occupation of the fields. From SeptEmber 24th to 26th there was held in Wichita, Kansas, a significant conference of Christian work- PI'S among the Indians, under the auspices of the Joint Committee of Indian Missions of the Home Missions Council. It was attended by over one hundred Indian workers and officers of elevendenominations in addition to delegates from the Young Men's Christian Association, the Young Women's Christian Association, the Indian Rights Association, the Home Missions Council, and the Council of ,Vomen for Home Missions. Among the leaders who took part in the conference were Rev. A. W. Anthony, D. D:, secretary of the Home Missions Council; Dr. T. C. Moffett of the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions; G. ]J. E. Lindquist, secretary for Indian Work of the Y. M. O. A.; Henry Roe Cloud, Principal of the Roe Indian Institute; and Bishop Hugh L. Burleson, of South Dakota.

The Conference emphasized the necessity of fuller cooperation and comity among missionary societies, the importance of beginning the training of native leaders in the lower grade schools, the need for maintaining Ohristian schools for many tribes, the need of legislation against the use of peyote, and the call for religious work directors in the larger Indian schools. The Conference also disapproved of the use of public funds in Indian education, asked for the immediate gift of citizenship to Indian soldiers and sailors, and the extension of citizenship to other Indians, under the safeg1.!.ards already proposed in National legislation. It advised the termination of the tribal or communal holding of property; it recommended the transfer of the Indian medical service from the Bureau of Indian Affairs to the Department of Public Health, and of educational work for Indians to the Bureau of Education; it expressed its convic· tion that competent, restricted Indians should he permitted to contribute a reasonable amount of their property to religious and benevolent purposes for India.n welfare. A committee was also appointed to prepare courses of religious reading and study for In- dian schools and homes.

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

The carrying out of these plans and purposes devolves upon the Joint Committee on Indian Missions and upon the executive staff of the Home Missions Council.

PRACTICAL COOPERATION IN MONTANA O NE important step in the attempt to promote closer coopera- tion among evangelical forces in Home Mission fields is the united survey of the State of Montana, conducted last sum- mer under the auspices of the Home Missions Council. On page 850 we publish a map of one small section of the State to show the character and results of the survey. It is worthy of study.

This map is a small section of the state as is indicated on the insert-map of the United States. It is a part of a large map show- ing the whole of Montana with churches of all Protestant denomi- nations indicated. The seven lines, which look like the tail of a comet, in the upper righthand corner of the map indicate routes purs'ued by an Episcopal rector in visiting out-stations. In other places churches of different denominations touch elbows, as at Butte and Helena. Comity and cooperation are necessary in such a local- ity. Other places have but the partial ministrations of the Sunday :o:chool, without a regular organized church. Some areas have no dl arches, whatever, for large seetionl3 of Montana are uninhabited.

This map suggests what may be the result of surveys made by the Interchurch World Movement, when an inventory has been taken of the Christian forces and of the religious needs of every state.

Last July delegates from nine religious bodies met in Montana to study the religious condition and needs of the State. The denomi- nations included Baptist, Congregational, Disciples, Evangelical As- sociation, Lutheran, Methodist FJpiseopal (North and South), Pres- byterian and Protestant Episcopal. There was an evident desire on the part of all to promote real unity of spirit and cooperation in work. At Miles City three teams were organized to travel over the St,ate for ten days in order to study existing conditions. They then returned to report and formulate their findings. – Montana is a state comprising 146,000 square miles with a popu- lation of 750,000 people. The smvey showed signs of material pros- perity everywhere. The Church of Christ has in some form gone into almost every hamlet and city in the State; the buildings and equipment compare favorably with the homes of the people in the neighborhood; about two-thirds of the chmches have resident pas- . tors but most of these are unable to give all their attention to their churches. The fluctuating population and the general indiffe'rence toward the Church makes the work exceedingly difficult; most of the working people do not attend, yet the general feeling is that the Church is a good institution and should be supported. Among the business men there is evident an increasing demand for church

unity and in some places the community church has been successful. Many places have large foreign speaking populations-mostly from northern Europe.

Twelve principles of cooperation were adopted by the Conferpnce' to make the Spirit of Ohrist all controlling, to correct overlapping, to care for neglected areas, to promote joint enterprises where these are deemed desirable, to provide for rural popUlations and to make churches more useful as social and recreational centers where such are needed. One hundred and seven assignments of tprritorial responsibility ,,'ere agreed to by different denominations and a Continuation Oommittee was formed under the name of "The Home Missions Council of Montana." 'L'he validity of individual convictions and differences was freely acknowledged but the spirit of unity and mutual confidence was promoted. Here is an example of field survey and cooperation that is worthy of imitation in other localities. (See map on page 850.) CHRISTIAN UNION FOR ALASKA D R. S. HALL YOUNG, a pioneer missionary to Alaska, pro- poses that this great territory be made an object lesson in Christian missions by organizing' one "United Evangelical Church of Alaska" and by bringing all evangelical churches into cooperation in a union effort for the speedy evangelization of the people. The Home Missions Council has under consideration the proposition to form a United Board representing all the different denominations and supported by' the combined budget of all the Boards now at work in the territory. ~eattle, 'Washington, is suggested as headquarters for the Union Board which is to settle all matters pertaining to tllP readjustnwnt and din'ction of the work.

This plan presents an ideal toward which the churches should move-the ideal of harmoniom; and cOll('erted planning and activity ill the evangelization of the world. It does not necessarily involve the giving up of personal conyictions that now differentiate the denominations; nor does it mean uniformity in forms of worship and government. The essential feature of such plans is harmonious and active cooperation in giving' the Gospel of Christ to non-Christians.

Alaska has now Pn>sbytprians, Episcopalians, Congregationalists, Methodists, Moravians, Fripllds, Swedish l'jvangelicals and others conducting preaching and pclucational work among Indians, Eskimos and white settlers in Alaska. These missions have about 100 missionaries locatpd in 72 stations. Thus far the evangelical missions have been trying in a desultory way to correct the evils of overlapping and lack of concerted action. A United Evangelical Church of Alaska would solve many problems and would give a new impulse to Christian work that can be secured in no other way.

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

RELIGIOUS STATISTICS FOR THE UNITED STATES CENSUS reports of the United States Government show a total Protestant church membership of 26,300,000 people, and other Protestant adherents of 52,300,000, or a total of about 78,600,000 Protestants. The Roman Catholics, including adherents, number about 16,000,000. This leaves only 5,400,000. This is no doubt a fair statement as to the actual number of Protestants, Romanists and atheists. 'I'he activity of the Roman Catholic Ohurch must therefore be very vigorous and well organized to enable that oody to exert such a large influence in the political life of the nation. During the past ten years, the Protestant churches have increased over 21 % in membership, while the Roman Oatholics have increased less than 11%, including all members of Oatholic families. The number of Teligious denominations covered in the United States census (1916) are 201, and they report 227,487 church organizations, or an increase of twenty-three denominations and 17,000 organized churches in ten yeaI18. Of the large Protestant denominational families, the Baptists number the largest, reporting 7,263,000; the Methodists are next, with 7,165,000; the Lutherans third, with 2,463,000; and the Presbyterians fourth, with 2,257,000 members. Then follow the Disciples, with 1,231,000; the Episcopalians with 1,093,000 and the Oongregationalists, with 790,000.

The total Sunday-school membership is -reported as 20,600,000, and the value of church property as $1,676,600,000, an increase of $420,DOO,000 in ten years. In one year the church expenditures of all denominations were $328,810,000, of which $72,000,000 was by Roman,Oatholics. Last year, the churches of the United States made the smallest gain recorded in twenty years. The net increase was only 7%, or 284,540 members. Some large denominations show an actual decrease.

The active Ohr~stians of the United States cannot be estimated at over 40,000,000, if we include Roman Catholics who attended their church services. If we add 30,000,000 children of Protestant families, there are left at least 30,000,000 people in the United States who a:re not evangelized sufficiently to be listed as even nominal Ohristians. In addition to these there are 472,000 Greek Oatholics, 357,000 Jewish families, 435,000 Mormons, 50,000 Spiritualists and a large number of Hindus, Buddhists and adherents of other religions. Can there be any question as to the large task before the Christian Church in- America? Even from the standpoint of statistics, America cannot be said to be a Christian country, and if heart and life allegiance to Christ is meant, only God can number His disciples.

® :® EDITORIAL

f _ ' : – au ..' 'U U 0 ,Ulrii • LHN "iIW LIUU" , THE IMPORTANCE OF HOME MISSIONS A s a matter of convenience there is a general division of the fields of Christian activity into Home and Foreign. This does not mean that there should be any distinction in our obligation, or that one is more important than the other. The one is the Home Base which needs to be unified and strengthened. and the other is the "Over Seas" field of the "Expeditionary Forces" of the Christian Church. Noone should neglect Home Missions because they are near at hand or surrounded with less romance and adventure than are distant fields; nor should anyone disparage or overlook Foreign Missions because they are far away and among the alien races of strange faiths.'

The size and importance of the Home Field and the need of millions of our fellow countrymen are enough to stir all branches of the Church to greater activity and more ceaseless prayer. There should not be a home in America where Christ is not known and revered, and not a corner of our land where the principles of Christ do not hold sway. If the foreigners who come to our shores could see Christianity fully exemplified they would return' to their homes as missionaries. If the teachings of Jesus Christ were practiced in politics, there would be a new era in our legislative halls and executive offices; if His principles were adopted in business and industries there would be fewer strikes and no Bolshevism; if the Bible were the basis of all American education our youth would not grow up in infidelity, immorality and materialism. If Christians at home were spiritually awake the churches and Sunday-schools would not be diminishing, as is true in too many cases, but would be growing in size and influence.

WHAT DO HOME MISSIONS INCLUDE?

M ANY have almost as narrow a view of Home Missions as they have of the duty of the Christian Church to the world as a whole. They think in terms of one class or locality and give their interest, their prayers, their support to the Indians, the Negroes or the Frontiersmen, but forget the millions of other non-Christians and unchurched multitudes in America. This number of the REVIEW shows American Christians the real magnitude of the task of "Making America Christian. " This cannot be accomplished by Ispasmodic and scattered effort, but must be the result of careful study, of systematic planning, of friendly cooperation, of prayerful dependence on God, of sacrificial giving and undiscouraged effort.

824 Home Missions in the United States include evangelistic, educational and social uplift work for the following classes: 1. THE FRONTIERSMEN. Fifty years ago these were the pioneers in our Western States; the men, women and children who went beyond the Mississippi river and settled on the plains and in the mountains. Some were farmers or cowboys living in sod houses, others were miners in gold, silver and copper mines of the camps; still others were the first traders in furs and other merchandise.

Today many of the frontier towns have become cities with thriving churches, but there are still some areas almost or wholly without Christian churches. There is need for mission work among miners and lumber jacks, farmers and ranchmen who become heathenized 'Vhen deprived of Christian influences.

2. THE SOUTHERN MOUNTAINEERS. These men and women of Scotch and Scotch-Irish ancestry present cases of arrested develop- ment. Many of them are in religious experience and civilization further back than they were one hundred years ago. They are without adequate church and school facilities, and without proper courts of law. They are of good stock and capable of reaching high standards. They need help to establish schools, to maintain churches, and develop themselves industrially and socially.

3. THE IMMIGRANTS. These men and women have come from Europe seeking opportunity to work and to enjoy religious and political freedom. Millions of them are employed in mines, in factories, on railroads and other public works. They congest our cities and endanger the social life of rural communities. Some of them have brought a remnant of religion across the seas, but many of them lose what little they have in the struggle for material success. From this class come largely our infidels and our Bol- shevist element. .

4. THE UNCHURCHED MASSES. Probably 30,000,000 Ameri- cans have no vital connection with the Christian Church and do not profess to practice the teachings of Christ. They include the Godless rich and the Godless poor, the down and out "bums" to be reached by street meetings and Gospel halls, and the self-satisfieli people of the Avenues who make gold their god and worship at the shrine of pleasure.

5. THE NEGROES. Twelve million Americans of African de- scent are a separate race, but their future welfare is inseparably linked with that of the white race. In many places the Negro is a menace because of his poverty and ignorance. These people need adequate Christian and industrial education and a chance to become self-respecting useful citizens.

6. THE INDIANS. Most of the remaining 350,000 original Amer- icans have been placed on reservations and are fed and clothed ~& "wards of tbe nation," but they- have not adequate schQol Qf

church facilities. Manv of them are still in a state of barbarism. 7. THE ALASKANS: Indians and Eskimos inhabited Alaska before the miners and other settlers entered their land. Home mission work must be done in this field often in the face of the greatest difficulties due to Arctic winters, the isolation of workers, and the opposition of Godless settlers. (See Article next month) THE ORIENTALS. About three hundred thousand Asiatics are reported in America and they have brought with them their heathen religions. There is an unusual opportunity to give them the Gospel of Christ. If they are neglected their non-Christian ideas and habits will contaminate the communities in which they live. (See article ill the Decemher REVIEW) 9. LATIN-AMERICANS. Hundreds of thousands of Spanish Americans live under the Stars and Stripes. Some of these were taken over from Mexico with the Louisiana purcnase and annexation of Texas; others have emigrated from Mexico in recent years. There are also the Porto Ricans and the Cubans. All of these need Christian teachers and preachers quite as much l).s they are needed in Mexico and South America.

10. THE RURAL COMMUNITIES. Formerly these communities in the eastern states were Christian strongholds; today they are often spiritually dead, being overchurched or underchurched. They need spiritual awakening, social uplift, community centers, and often special work among foreign populations.

11. INDUSTRIAL CENTERS. Great manufacturing towns have grown up and in many cities there are large industrial communities that are neglected religiously. They are naturally hotbeds of socialism and social evils. The Y. M. C. A., the Y. W. C. A. and the churches should work together to give these laborers an opportunity to become intelligent Christians.

12. SPECIAL CLASSES. In addition to all these there are in America, as elsewhere, many special classes to whom the Church should give attention. There are the Jews, with their age long prejudice-a peculiar people who have a special claim on the Gospel. There are many whose occupations make it impossible or difficult for them to enjoy church privileges-the policemen, firemen, railroad men, steamship employees and night workers.

To win all these classes of Americans for Christ is indeed a superhuman task and one that requires human devotion and divine power. But they all form a part of the task of making America Christian. All agencies must cooperate, for none can do the work single handed. Only by recognizing the need and the obligation will the Church rise to the effort to make America a truly Godly nation that shall prove a blessing to the world.

o PROTESTANT CHURCH

_ALlOTHERS IS l'lIE TASK OF l'lIE CHURCH COMPLETED ?

(From the Surveys of the Northern :Baptist Convention) A Century of Christianity in America BY REV. CHARLES L. THOMPSON, D. D., LL. D., NEW YORK President of the Home Missions Council; author of "Religious Foundations of Alnerica;" etc.

D R. JOSIAH STRONG once said: "If Adam had lived to the present time he would have seen greater material progress during the last century than in all his life preceding." Libraries have been written to affirm and illustrate this statement. Other libraries are in process on the same theme. The North American continent is an outstanding illustration 'of this progress, not only in material things but in intellectual and spiritual things as well. The discovery of America was a scientific adventure. It was also declared to be an adventure of faith. Marvelously science and faith have walked together across the parallels of our history. Indeed, faith did not have a full chanc,e until science had spoken. Thus the adventure of great souls to find here a new theater for human achievement was almost halted until Stephen. son's steam engine lent its powerful aid. Then swiftly the twenty thousand members of the Puritan colony became the millions who staked out the thirteen colonies.

But the great progress in both directions begins with the opening years of the last century. During its ten decades, such things 827

were witnessed alike in material and spiritual things as had not been dreamed before. If Adam had lived on he might have dozed contentedly for· eighteen centuries, but would have had a jolt and a startling awakening at the nineteenth. Let us notice briefly some lines of that advance which have made the last century overtop all others.

The spiritual occupation of North America at the end of the eighteenth century was at best a feeble endeavor. It was a time of great physical hindrances. Scattered settlements through a seemingly endless wilderness made progress difficult. There were missionary heroes in those days. But they were few in number and faced appalling obstacles. Hostilities of Indians, remotene13s of settlements, indifference of pioneers who were fighting for existence made the spiritual hero's way a hard one to travel. Nor was the Ohurch behind him, organized for progress. There were a few small missionary committees, but how hesitating was their program, when their missionaries had commissions for only two or three, or at most, six months! Add to these difficulties the fact that it was a time of prevalent and often aggressive skepticism. The apostles of Tom Paine were abroad in the land.

So began the occupation of a continent for the Kingdom of God. But it began. A young nation of five millions of people, not very sure of themselves or their government but sure of the mountains of difficulty whose synonym was the Allegheny Range, it pushed out on the unexplored path. Step by step Providence unrolled its opportunities. Europe, seething with restless ferment, loaded our ships with immigrants. The nation must crowd on over the mountains. Then the gates of the "Old Northwest" swung back and the Oentral West gave a chance for God's freemen in a· heritage dedicated to education and religion. How swiftly the five great States sprang to their opportunity, and in scores of colleges and hundreds of churches laid foundations for the purest Americanism to be found in the Republic. And as yet more room was demanded, taking advantage of the political and financial exigencies of France, we came into sudden possession of a new empire across the great river, and at a stroke of the pen the new West unrolled its vast plains in invitation to the country to dare its great opportunity. Then colleges by the hundred opened their doors, and churches by the thousand. No longer was the missionary an unsupported rider on the fringes of civilization. Great Mission Boards came into being to whose direction some of the ablest men gave themselves, and which were generously supported by an aroused Ohurch..

Now again and mightily science came to the aid of the country and the Kingdom. How long would a sparsely settled and vastly extended domain survive in loyalty to central government if there

19191 A CENTURY OF CHRISTIANITY IN AMERICA

were no rails and wires to bind it into unity~ How could educational and eva.ngelistic plans come to their best if separate and detached from each other and from sources of supply~ The Almighty had the solution at hand. He is never slow to meet exigencies. Morse was born, and so came the electric telegraph. The wires that reached from ocean to ocean did· more than give a chance for messages to fly. They bound states together in the solidarity of instant communication. Common knowledge is the support of republics. It came with the telegraph line. International knowledge, we have recently learned, is the support of sundered nations. It sustains common endeavors. So Cyrus Field came and with him the Atlantic cable. No longer were Americans to be a people by themselves. No pent up Utica should be ours. Politically and spiritually we should fepl the throb of a world.

Other allies of science and of education too numerous to be dwelt upon have come to the aid of the Gospel. The printing press, steadily rising in moral tone and purpose flings its helpful message to the farthest cabin door. The telephone makes a new neighborhood and there are no far off and lonely regions now. It is written that lonely pioneer wives across desolate spaces chatted with each other by kindly fires; that the smoke out of the chimney would tell one to the other that something was doing. Now they take up the receiver, and lo! they have touched the world.. AnC). as if that were not sociability enough, the whir of the aeroplane reminds us that John's angel is flying through the heavens, bearing his message to the last verge of populations.

But the stimulants that came to the Church with the va,st means put at her disposal by the applications of science and by the amazing prosperity of the nation were not the only ones that made memorable especially the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth. Indeed, the Church grew marvelously. Increasingly she commanded not only the centers of population, but all the vast national area. She kept steady pace with the growth in population. The census of 1910 revealed approximately one-half of our people in some church affiliation, and over twenty million members of Protestant churches. At least forty millions are adherents of the ·Protestant faith. But now lest pride should lead to contentment and cuntentment to indolence, Providence provided again as at the first the stimuli of new obstacles. ]'01' it is the law of the Kingdom that the Church thrives on resistance. We come now to the modern missionary program, its problems and its progress.

Dr. Carroll D. Wright said a few years ago: "After many years of investigation into the social, moral and industrial condition of the people, I came to the conclusion that in the adoption of the philosophy of the religion of Christ as a practical creed for

the conduct of business there was to be found the surest and speediest solution of the difficulties which excite the minds of men, and which lead many to think social, industrial and political revohltion is at hand."

This careful statement from so competent an observer gives clearly the missionary obligation of the Ohurch of today. She stands related not only to a future world, but to that which now is, and to that which now is in all its relations to people-social, industrial and political. In speaking thus of community life and interests we abate nothing of the importance of .the individual man, not only in his eternal interests but in his connection with society. A good world can rest only 011 the characters of good men. Oharacter building rt'mains, therefore, the prime concern of the Ohurch of Ohrist. But isolated good men cannot build the Kingdom. That comes from their relations to one another and to the community in which they live. With this extension of the Home ~t!ission enterprise the following factors need to be considered: First, our great cities. In 1800, New York h~d seventy-nine thousand people. Today there are about five million. But size does not show all the problem, though it does indicate something. Oongestion is perilous to clean living. De Tocqueville says, "The size of American cities is a danger to democracy." And one of our own philosophers, Dr. Andrew D. "White, said, ., Oity governments in the United States are the worst in Ohristendom." To misrule add poverty, ignorance, congestion of mixed poulations, and the crime likely to result, and you have phases of the problem with each one of which it is the business of the Ohurch to deal. The problem becomes acute when it must be added that at present the Ohurch is failing adequately to confront her task. Add the further fact that in many instances she is running away from it. The story told by the late Dr. Schauffier of the movement of people into New York below 14th Street and the movement of churches out, is a familiar one.

But there is another side of the picture. The Ohurch is waking to the menace of the problC'm, and the Mission Boards are girding themselves to meet it. "Oity Jijvangelism" is a distinct branch of Home Missions, and none more important. New York and Ohicago not only outnumber the entire population of a dozen "Vestern States, but their people live in conditions far more morally perilous than the scattered communities of mountain and prairies. The great cities are the nerve ganglia of the nation. Some good people think they find relief for the problem in the slogan, "Back to the farm," but it is a delusion. Still the cities exert their. mighty pull, still they keep up and increase the relative disproportion. In 1790 the urban population was three and one-third per

A CENTURY OF CHRISTIANITY IN AMERICA

cent. The rural was ninety-six and two-thirds per cent. In 1820,. the ratio stood, urban nearly five per cent; the rural ninety-five per cent. But now about fifty per cent live in towns and cities of 2500 and over. In the decade from 1890 to 1900, sixty-two per cent of all the townships in New England showed depletion. In Connecticut more than half had moved out of the country; in New York about two-thirds. East and West are building bigger towns but for opposite reasons. More farmers have left their farms in Illinois, Wisconsin and Iowa than in Vermont, New Hampshire and Massachusetts; in the latter case because agri- culture had ~eased to he profitable; in the former because it was so prosperous that it was easier to rent the farm and move to the city. But this large portent enfolds a glo,rious hope. As in cen-. turies past the great cities have been the throbbing hearts of nations sending arterial blood throughout the land, so it may be in America. So it will be if an aroused Church shall see her opportunity.

The rural regions have in a sense always been the great home mission field. There is where Home Missions began. They are that field today in the old sense, and in a new sense. Dr. Warren H: Wilson begins his book on "The Open Country" by saying, "It is the common opinion of rural leaders that country life in America has fallen out of repair. The household, the Church, the school and the store show the effects of the change." The alarming part of this statf'ment is that it is made so general, and it is perhaps too sweeping. But one need not travel far to find evidence of its truth. In some places in the New England States the degeneracy is so startling as to find proper comparison only in the Southern mountains.

But here, too, the shield needs to be turned. The religious needs of country regions took a great step forward when in 1908 President Roosevelt formed the "Country Life Commission." It instantly challenged the attention of the country. Churches recognized the call and organized for social service among farmers. And social service meant every interest that concerns a community. So, as Horace Plunkett expressed it, there must be "bettter farming, better business and better living." The decay of country conditions must thus be arrested. In 191D, the Presbyterian Church organized its "Country Life Department." This plan was soon followed by other bodies. Of course the cry arose that good farming had no relation to the Gospel, hut reflection, some experience of Mission Boards and informing literature gradually wrought a change. Experiments in many states have demonstrated the value of the new methods, and suggest the time when as in other generations the hills will again reveal their strength and send intellectual and moral streams to the imperiled towns.

Immigration adds one more fold to the already complex home mission problem, alike in city and country. In both it means illiteracy and un-Americanism. Charles Dickens once said: "A man with seven heads would attract less attention on the streets of Boston than a man who could not read and write." That day has gone by. In Boston, as elsewhere in city and country, the man who cannot read and write is no longer a curiosity. And largely because of the foreign populations. It is not the amount of it that is the chief consideration now, but its varieties. The war has arrested both for the time, but only for the. time. Europe is a bubbling caldron of unrest, and America is in process of realizing an unparalleled prosperity. With starvation in Europe and common labor at five dollars a day in our country, it requires no prophet to declare that a high tide is coming, possibly across two oceans. It is for the Government to pass regulation. It is for the Church to meet the present and the prospective opportunity with the vision of a statesman and the courage of a soldier.

In this matter, too, the churches of all denominations have heard the call. Mission Boards have not only organized for the work, have given fellowships to prepare a proper leadership, and have opened schools for Christian Americanization, but they have become cooperative, federating their agencies for combined service, as at ports of entry, in the Calumet Regjon of Indiana, and at other centers of foreign population. Under the guidance of the Home Missions Council, an Americanization policy has heen adopted so definite and complete that the promise is that the churches growing out of it will be constructive agencies for civic and social welfare in the entire community. Such a policy wisely pursued will do more to fuse our polyglot population than all Congressional legislation.

Belated races complicate yet farther the Home Mission problem. The words of Wendell Phillips are worth f(~membering: "The Indian race is the one which the people of the United States have most to dread at the judgment bar of Almighty God." We began well in our relations with the red man. We have John Eliot, Roger Williams, John Sargeant, the Brainerd brothers, and William Penn to our credit. After them the shadows thicken and the pages of our history are dark with hlots that will not fade out.

But now the pages brighten. The past decade has noted remarkable progress. Various Mission Boards under leadership of the Home Missions Council have united to appraise the work yet remaining for some 50,000 Indians wholly without Gospel influence, and to so allot responsibility among the different agencies that none shall be neglected. For the purpose of coordinating all such agencies and to make them effective for the Christian education of all tribes, a joint Central Committee on Indian 'Vork was con-

stituted consisting of representatives from the Home Missions Council, the Council of Women for Home Missions, the Y. M. C. A. and the Y. W. C. A. . This committee is to call a representative conference on the united Christian program for the Indian people. Indian missions have been individualistic and sporadic. They promise now to become organized and federative.

The Negro question is becoming acute. Returning Negro soldiers are demanding new recognition of the race. Excesses threaten. Patience, restraint and consideration are called for. But mission- ary agencies must take note of the situation and gird themselves to meet it. George Edmund Haynes, National Director of Negro Economics, proposes that missionary societies work out a national program and bring it to the attention of Congress, calling for adequate common school education for every Negro boy and girl throughout the country. That would meet the illiteracy now so lightly regarded by state legislatures. One state expends five per cent of school funds for the education of Negroes and ninety- five per cent for the whites. So long as such facts remain there is – little hope of a fair settlement of the Negro question. Mission Boards have recently united in making surveys of the negro migrations in the Northern states to the end that outstanding conditions might be discovered which would guide and so far as possible federate missionary work. Very recently a council of workers for colored people has been held, one result of which has been the election of an Associate Secretary of the Home Missions Council whose particular field it should be to collect information and to stimulate denominational agencies on meeting the needs of the new and urgent situation.

There is no space to speak of other new phases of Home Mis- sion work, such as that for Spanish-speaking people, lumber and mining camps, the Southern mountaineers, Alaska and the indus- trial classes. They all imply specialisms which the missionary bodies are trying to meet by training and qualifying men who shall cover the various departments of Christian activity. Any one who has studied the specialties into which modern missionary work has fallen must instantly see that the man must be fitted to his job. Not every young graduate of a medical school is fitted to diagnose and prescribe for all human infirmities.

One more new departure, the fairest sign in the religious sky. We have come to the time of tmited service. It is not denomina- tional. It expresses· itself in various ways and through various channels. It is variously labeled,-The Federal Council, The Home Missions Council, The Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. and the Inter- Church World Movement. But whatever its name it is the Church of today feeling its way to an answer to Christ's prayer, "That they all may be one."

Training-The Prime

The Spiritual Element in America's Education BY REV. W. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, DD., LL. D., HARTFORD, CONN.

President of the Hartford Seminary Foundation O NE of the most remarkable features of the day in which we live is the emphasis which is being put upon education in every quarter of the globe. Primarily, the vast majority of people think of education in relation to their secular affairs. It is the instrument by which boys and girls are fitted for modern life in all'its ranges and phases. Those who look at it exclusively in that light consider it partly as a means for conveying useful information and partly as an instrument enabling young boys and girls to earn their living.

From the days of Plato do,vnward there have always been those who have seen in education the process by which something much deeper is done. Among its functions must be included that of the formation of character. It is impossible to give a child any degree of real education without suggesting ideals of conduct and views of life which lay the foundations for the spirit of its after years. Today we find that those who are bitterly opposed to the Gospel of Christ are determined to undermine its influence in the world by introducing anti-Christian systems of education wherever they have the power to do so. It is one of the dreadful features attributed to the Bolshevist's policy in Russia that in so many centers they have captured the schools, and seem, from all accounts, to be deliberately destroying the morals and the faith of the children. Even in our own country, determined efforts have been made by secularist groups to establish something to correspond with Sunday-schools, where they instruct children in social ideals which are divorced from Christian morality, where revolutionary propaganda is deliberately associated with attacks upon the Christian system.

Facts like' these serve only to emphasize the immeasurable importance of developing within the Church of Christ the most powerful forms of religious education. Those who see the necessity for the Christian training of children and youths approach the matter from two' different points of view.

First, there are those who recognize that the highest moral ideals in social, industrial, political and international forms of action are somehow or another derived from Christianity. They are distinctively Christian ideals which did not obtain .i1). any powerful manner where Christianity had not come, and which are apt to disappear where Christianity grows feeble. The em- 834 phasis III the minds of this class of persons is rather this-that Christianity must be taught for the sake of society. Society is the end for which this moral idealism must be poured into the hearts of the children of the land.

Then, there are those who approach the matter from the point of view of the Church and its message. They see that Christian- ity is ineffectively taught where its application to the actual conditions of life is not made, and therefore they insist that the teaching of Christianity even to children must have an immediate issue in the direction of conduct and in the formation of those social ideals which shall make their after lives most fruitful. It is the Church which is thus challenged to carry out its task com- pletely, to endeavor to bring the whole force of its moral prin- ciples to bear upon the complex life of mankind.

In addition to these differences of attitude and of approach to the task of religious education, we must notice two other contrasts.

The work of Christian education may attract interest primar- ily because it is a form of evangelism, or because it is a form of intellectual culture. Those who are interested in it primarily for its general value as part of the training of youthful intelli- gence tend to use "the Bible as literature." They emphasize the , human side of the growth of Scripture, they describe the pro- gressive knowledge of God, as that is unfolded in the Old and New Testaments, as the result of the strivings of the human spirit, as the ever deepening discovery of spiritual values by the Hebrews and by the early Christians. For them Christian char- acter is an achievement, or at least a growth which comes along the lines of a natural development. What Christian truths are taught become limited to those which seem to be what is called "helpful" in the formation of lofty personal ideals and the pursuit of spiritual values. The chief danger of this whole method of approach to the task of religious education is that it too often results in a subtle transformation of Christianity. One of the prime motives is of course the desire to get people inter- ested in the Bible, to recommend Christianity as something worth while, to relate it with all phases of culture, to set forth its nature, its claims, its power in terms of the scientific and sociological beliefs and teachings of our day. But the result too often appears in an ignoring of the primary Christian doctrines and the conse- quent loss of the most powerful moral forces known to the history of man.

In part, this kind of emphasis is the result of a reaction from the position of those who have thought of religious education al- most exclusively as a form of evangelism. It has often been pointed out that the modern Sunday-school arose in the Protestant

world from the desire to win outcast children to Christ, and in some parts of the English-speaking world the Sunday-school is still regarded as existing for the uneducated, the poor, the unchurched mass. It is a form of what is called "mission work." In America and certain other countries it very early won the interest of the families of all churches, but in the earlier periods of its history the work was mainly regarded as a means of bringing the children to a conscious decision. "Conversion" was the chief aim of the vast majority of Sunday-school teachers. Their attention was given more to that than to instruction in the ordinary sense of the word. They did not try to build up a regular course of teaching either on the history recorded in the Scriptures .or on the truths of Christianity. They suspected those who aimed at something like real education as minimizing or beclouding the fundamental aim of winning young people to the love of Christ and a personal faith in the grace and Fatherhood of God.

With these facts before us it seems obvious that what we need is a synthesis of the various points of view which have been in- dicated. What we require in religious education is the perfect combination of the best modern methods of education with the spiritual fervor of convinced and experienced Christian teachers. At present there is a great need for emphasizing the latter. Various institutions have arisen within the last generation in this . country which concentrate attention upon the technical side, upon the study of the child mind, the principles of education in general, the application of these to the work of religious education. W'hat we need no less and indeed all the time is continuous emphasis upon the central and vital matter of deep spiritual earnestness. A brief consideration of this aspect of the situation requires emphasis upon four things.

1. The Bible is the charter of the Christian Church, and no religious educator of any Christian type proposes to carryon religious education except upon the basis of the Biblical record. What we require here, however, is a revival of real reverence for the Bible as in a very real sense the Word of God. To describe it as the unfolding of the Hebrew consciousnpss is only the lower side of the truth that it contains the deliberate self-revelation of God. In the New '['estament this self-revelation assumes the most complete form imaginable, namely, that of the incarnation of the Son of God in the person of Jesus Christ. Any teaching which gives the child the impression that the study of the Bible is nothing more than the study of a history book or a piece of beautiful literature is doomed to failure. It makes the child and the youth impatient when they find the most sacred of all relationships reduced to the terms of a psychological process or a historical discovery. The Bible can never retain its place in the world as an

1919J CHRISTIAN TRAINING THE PRIME REQUISITE

educative force unless it is presented, as in the past, as containing the very Message of the FJternal Life from the very heart and mind of God Himself. This position is not incompatible with the historical study of tllP8e books, with the orderly setting forth of the events therein recorded. It is the taf'k of the teacher so to use and love and reverence the Bible that he can convey its Message and a sense of its divine majesty to his pupils.

2. The Christian teacher must be concerned to fasten upon the imagination, the intelligence, the affection and the will of his or her pupil the distinctive and supreme Christian truths. One of the appalling results of investigation into the attitude of the soldiers of Christendom engaged in the Great War has been the discovery that only a small proportion of these men know what Christianity is, or know what it is to be a Christian. They did not know the meaning of the most obvious Christian doctrines; nor were they, many of them, even after years of Sunday-school teaching, acquainted with the main features of the Bible story. The idea that Christianity can be taught as something vague, sentimental, aesthetical, purely ethical has surely been killed by the evidence gathered from the armies of Europe and America.

To be sure, Christian doctrine may be taught impersonally, formally, dogmatically instead of with personal conviction and passion; instead of lovingly and wisely. Christianity, when truly and persuasively taught, is something definite and authoritative. It is the revealing to 'the human mind of the way in which God deals with human nature, of the destiny for which He has fashioned that nature, of the place and power of .Jesus Christ as its Saviour and Perfecter, of His own wondrous unfoldings of truth and His own revelation of grace in active service, of His own supreme function as a Saviour, who on the Cross gave Himself for the sins' of men, and from the grave conquered death, bringing life and immortality to light. To leave the child mind vague on these matters is to hold back the very truths which are, as Plato would put it, "the food of the soul." There is a great need for warning at this point. This is illustrated in a recent article which contains the absurd statement that "indoctrination is the very opposite of education." One is not surprised to find this writer going on to say that our task is '"' that of training them in the Democracy of .Jesus." The purpose of religious education is not primarily concerned with Democracy at all, but with the relation of the human soul to God as that is determined by God's redeeming and revealing act in Christ, and man's response to that act. The men to whom this has no meaning cannot teach Christianity.

3. It will be necessary that the teacher become acquainted with true methods of education; that he be supplied with well (lon-

structed lesson courses adapted to the various stages of child growth and the development of the youth; that he become sensitive to the need for unfolding the great material which he has in hand in a manner which is· appropriate to each stage of life. But it will be in vain to do this unless the teacher's heart is filled with a spiritual love for the soul of the child. It is. not the child merely as a citizen of the world, but the child as an heir of God that he is teaching; it is not the child merely as an intelligent animal, but as a possessor of immortality that he must arouse to the vast claims, the illimitable glories of the eternal life. TVe minim·ze the child when we cease to teach him that the meaning of Christianity is that he may work with God and that he must give himself for all his life to the faith and service of Jesus Christ.

4. Finally we must not forget for a moment that the aim of the Christian teacher is not the conveyance of information, but the awakening of an intelligent spiritual decision. It is the will of the child that reaches after reality, and nothing has been done really until the will has been aroused to action. The older teachers were right when they sought" conversion." If we call it "decision" we must not allow the change of word to change the substance. The deciRion which the Christian teacher strives to awaken with all sedulous love and wise teaching and prayerful soul is the development of decision into habit. He seeks to have the children form the deep habits of the Christian fellowship with God. He is not content with the smiling songs of a "Decision Day;" he is reaching after the shy young spirit that speaks in quiet moments and reveals itself in many little tender ways; he seeks the young man or young woman who has spiritual appetites more deeply hidden beneath conventional manners. He aims straight at the will of each and seeks to mold it into the habits of the Christian life. He cannot do this without awakening definite beliefs, definite spiritual aspirations, definite habits of private and social worship, and without seeking to lead out that young life to a full conception of human service in the name of Christ in the Kingdom of God.

Who is sufficient for these things? Every teacher quails before the glory of the task. It is one which demands that the teacher himself shall drink deep of the draughts of life which are in the Scriptures; that he shall seek to have clearly determined convictions about the great Christian doctrines; that he shall see their relation to actual experience; that he shall find in them the real food of his own real spirit. It is only when this, the fellowship with God in Christ, is nourished habitually, passionately by the teacher, that we shall find that perfect union of evangelism with education; that perfect filling out of education with the power of evangelism.

LESS THAN &"'

1lIIIIIII& TO 10", ~IOT015' I!I!IlIlIIIU025", _251035", _35T050", _ 50" AND OYER l'nCJnITAGE 011 1100000GNEBS IN OtJ1l'OPVLArION. BY 5rATES (From the Surveys of the Northern Baptist Convention America's Debt to Immigration BY MRS. EVA CLARK WAID, NEW YORK CITY Chairman of Committee on Home Missions among Immigrants, Council of "Vomen for Home Missions I T is many a long century since a Roman citizen, sitting be- neath the shadow of that Aero-Corinthian mountain which domi- nated the Isthmian plain of Greece, wrote the great message to his fellow Christians in imperial Rome. In it he consciously epitomized many of the great events both of Corinth and of Rome, but one of his greatest epitomes of both cities was certainly given unconsciously. For he writes, in the first chapter of the letter to the Romans, of his own personal sense of obligation in those memorable words: "I am debtor both to the Greeks and Barbarians, both to the wise and to the unwise."

Both Corinth and Rome could have had no more apt summary of their civilization in the days of Paul's ministry. Around the Apostle, in old Corinth, surged those cosmopolitan crowds to which the city owed its great appella.tions, "God-built portal", "Nurse of Manly Splendor ", "Rich Corinth ", Mistress of the East and West. " And through the famous streets of Rome, "Greek and Barbarian, bond and free" thronged to make the wealth and warrior strength of this capital city, resources of the known world that had flowed into their life and commerce.

839

/ To be sure, it was a limited world to our modern vision; the fringes of Africa, far Britain's shores, the country of the fair- haired warriors of Caesar's campaigns and the remote regions of Asia Minor-only a trial journey for a daring aviator of today.

But from it Rome and. her legions had built "the glory that was Rome," and to all of it, every Roman citizen was debtor.

/ Like the Apostle Paul, an American citizen 'neath the shadow of Liberty's high-held torch, can well write the same message to a hundred lands across the circling seas, for his country draws its elements of greatness from an unlimited world, and its multi- tudes find utterance in a myriad dialects and tongues.

. America, the rich, the prosperous, the self-sufficing, is yet a debtor. National debts are not new in the world's accountancy, but a new form of national debt is appearing in the new inter- national book-keeping; and America seems to have the largest set of accounts ever handled by any ·country.

The outpouring of men, money and food to meet the world's dire need was one evidence of the appreciation of this new national obligation. The safe-guarding of the future peace of the world and the help of weaker nations is another recognition of America's sense of benefits received and gratitude due. Through all our bounding national life we are conscious that America is indeed debtor to the whole world because of her unique composite heritage, her mingling currents of diverse bloods, her concentrated "glory of the nations."

Since the beginning of the twentieth century, over thirteen million immigrants have entered the United States, and despite the almost four million emigrants who have returned to their own lanas, despite the reduction caused by the years of war, both the old and new immigration is a very vital present day fact in America.

What is America's numerical debt to that great voluntary movement to her borders from the ends of the earth which we call immigration 7 Mere figures teach us little, though such figures as are shown in our census of 1910 give food for thought.

91,972,266 total population. 13,515,886 foreign born. . 13,000,000 of foreign parentage.

Our estimated 115 million shows ]5 million foreign born and 20 million of foreign parentage. In the very simplest analysis, America does seem to be indebted to immi- gration for numbers, and the notable records of the recent national army show how much the numerical strength of our fighting force depended upon the foreign element in America.

What is America's debt to immigration economicallyT We need not enter into all those minute arithmetical computations that

MEETINGS CONDUCTED BY THE NEW YORK EVANGELISTIC

EVANGELISTIC MEETINGS IN A MACHINE SHOP TWO WAYS OF REACHING THE IMMIGRANTS

in each decade have estimated the value of the adult immigrant; the money he brought with him, the money he sent back home, the extra police force he made necessary, the charities and benefits that he required, the extra seats in school houses for his children and all those additions and subtractions which finally resulted in interesting but deceitful statistics. Weare all familiar with Haskin's significant and telling paragraphs under the caption, "I am the Immigrant," in which he shows graphically the immigrant's share in our great economic system and the burden .of hard exacting toil he bears. In "Letters on Irish Immigration" published in the Boston Daily Advertiser (1852) Edward Everett Hale wrote: "A community is a pyramid; with its base of manual labor, supporting some higher classes of effort. The larger the base-the higher the position of the apex. Exclude the population of manual laborers which just now forms your basis; you cannot keep your apex where it has been."

We may not agree with those authorities who consider America's immigration problem solely an economic one, but we must agree that America's economic debt to immigration is great and her material and industrial preeminence has been built by alien hands. Whatever the necessities of future welfare may demand in limitation or conditions of entrance, America owes industrial and economic justice, adequa:te and enlightening protection, and above all, surer foundations for true industrial democracy to foreign born as well as native toilers.

What is America's debt to immigration politically~ Governor Horatio Seymour in the early days of New York was able to point out that" so diverse were the races and so liberal the opportuni~ ties, that nine men prominent in its early history represented nine nationalities: Schuyler-Dutch Morris-Welsh Herkimer-German Hoffman-Swedish Hamilton-West India English Jay-French Steuben-Prussian Livingstone-Scotch Clinton-Irish Doubtless the political roster of any American city today would show as varied a list of nationalities. Many of our most serious political problems are connected with the exploitation of the foreign born, and we are now reaping a sorry harvest from the neglect of proper political training of four mjUion foreign voters.

But far deeper than the problems of political machinery or num- bers of voters lies the real debt America owes to her immil1rants for the continued growth of political ideals, and constant change and enlargement of political horizons, which is the only safety for a democracy. The recent war has revealed to many Americans for the first time the fiaming patriotism and devotion to ideals of freedom that animate our foreign groups, and the persistence

AMERICA'S DEBT TO IMMIGRATION

of belief that such ideals would come to the lands of oppression fiom which these very groups llad fled. Dr. Steiner in his book, "Nationalizing America" refers to the refugees who came to our land in 1848, in these words: "They repaid this country richly for the asylum they found. They made valuable contributions to our culture and our politics, refining our social life and purifying our ideals of liberty and democracy." Miss Abbott, iu her valuable work on "The Immigrant and the Community" touches the presel"lt day aspect thus: "It may not matter whether the Italian or Slovak vote is for or against a particular measure at this time; but it is important that these thousands of Slovaks, Ruthenians, Italians and others should be given a chance to ally themselves with the best element in the community and to assist us in making the United States a real democracy."

RUSSIAN HEBREW ORPllANS ARRIVING IN NEW YORK Poli~ical and spiritual ideals are so often interwoven that it is hard to 8eparate the special spiritual debt America owes to immigration. But it is a significant fact that the two men who typify to the average American the spiritual ideals of his land, Lincoln and Roosevelt, have the greatest appeal to our foreign born citizens. · In both of them they feel a kinship with the great elemental struggles toward righteousness which are the property of all great souls in all lands.

Immigration has kept ever before the American people those spiritual ideals which the founders of a free republic gave to it as the refuge for the oppressed, the protector of the weak, the inspirer of the struggling. In each generation we have had to make good to new comers these ideals of our forefathers and furnish, even though unconscious of it, a justification of their spiritual

i experiment. Even though it has been done only partially and poor- ly, even though it has brought abuses and ingratitude in many sections, even thougb its wisdom has been doubted, the spiritual ideals of a free land and free institutions have continued, like our flag, "to draw a countless human throng to follow after thee."

That very effort has strengthened those ideals and, almost without our reckOl~ing, has so widened and enlarged their scope that we share the questionings of the English poet, Alfred Noyes, as he writes: "Know you the meaning of all they are doing? .Know you the light that their soul is pursuing? Know you the might of the world they are making, This nation of nations whose heart is awaking?"

Religious forms and observances have changed, hallowed and sacred ceremonials have been altered, outward symbols seem to have lost much weight. And all of this, in the judgment of many, is the result of immigration. But can the sincere American, view- ing the religious instincts which the vast majority of immigrants bring out of the hard conditions of other lands, escape the con- viction that we in America have not taken into our national spirit- u~l account these unused assets ~ We can ghre greatly and largely of the things of life. But in all humility we should realize that we can receive also those gifts of the spirit which the humblest ajien may bring. For great souls have brought these gifts to Anierica in the past,-gifts of utterance from pulpits, great scientific truths of God, great philanthopic enterprises for God's weaker children, great music, art and written words.

But the greatest of these spiritual ideals, as it affects a na- tion's life, is the vision of a world set free for God's purposes- the so-called international mind, which is only the new name for the great missionary enterprise of generations. Immigration has definitely brought to America a new realization of the inescapable oneness of mankind, a new lwc('ssity for the ambassadors of God's good will to all men.

The Greek from Corinth and the Italian from Rome walk be- side one who trod Paul's Syrian pathways. The "Barbarians,"

dignified under a score of varied racial names, fill the busy streets.

The "wise and the unwis!~" do not seem to be classifird by race or country or birth. To all o;f them America is debtor, economic- ally, politically, spiritually. May she pay her debt as did the Roman citizen who wrote the message from the shadow of Acro- Corinthus in Greece, and also wrote for us this interpretation of our Chri~tian faith: "There is neither Jew nor Greek There is neither bond nor free There is neither male nor female; For ye are all one in Christ J esusl A "CONTEMPORARY ANCESTOR" IN TIm SOUTHERN MOUNTAINS The Mountaineers of the South VICTOR 1. MASTERS, ATLANTA, GEORGIA Superintendent of Publicity, Southern Baptist. Home Mission Board T HERE are about 4,000,000 mountain people in the Southern States east of the Mississippi. The mountain folk live in about 178 counties and in an area of 75,000 or 80,000 square miles, and make up a part of the population in each of the States in the Old South, except Mississippi and Florida. '

Though the Southern population is more than one-fourth Negroes, only about ten per cent of the populatilJtl of the Highland region of the South is black. In a number of mountain counties there are fewer than 10~ Negroes. These Highlanders are pure- blooded Anglo-Saxons to a degree unequalled elsewhere in Ameri- ca. That needs to be rrmembered. It has its bearing on the whole problem of developing these people through Christian schools. .

Another thing is worth putting down; the white population in the Southern Highlands, by the census of 1910, was thirty-nine per square mile, while the extra-montanic regions of the States which were partly mountainous had only twenty-seven whites per square mile. The isolation of the Highlander is conditioned by 845 EXTENSION WORK OF BERA COLLEGE KENTUCKY the height of the mountain and the badness of the road, and not by his lack of neighbors. The greater density per square mile of the white people in Highland regions, as compared with the lowland regions of the South, may be surprising but it has a definite bearing. There are more native white people per square mile to be helped by missionary effort and educational effort in the mountains than there are in any other region of the South or of the nation. And these people are less spoiled than others by some perverse currents which have conditioned modern life.

The Religious Census of 1906 shmved that the religious hodies in the Southern mountain regions had the follo·wing membership: 463,200, or forty-eigbt per cent, were Baptists; 304,900, or thirtyone per cent, were Methodists; 56,400, or about six per cent, were Presbyterians; 48,900, or five per cent, were Disciples; all other religious bodies had ten per cent of the membership. In the 17R counties surv~yed, 143 did not report one Roman Catholic. This great region is freer from Romanism than any section of America. H the Romanists in the mining region of Alabama and around Chattanooga are omitted, there are only about 3,000 Roman Catholics in the entire mountain regions of the South. This survey does not include West Virginia.

The special need of the Highlanders for Christian work grows out of their quaint and primitive civilization. They have been called our "contemporary ancestors." Like the pioneers of one hundred years ago, their economic life and their social contacts are still largely confined to the community. They provide for their own simple wants, not only raising their own food hut making their own clothing, candles and many household and farming

THE MOUNTAINEERS OF THE SOUTH

MARS HILL INSTITUTE, A BAPTIST HOME MISSION SCHOOL IN NORTH CAROLINA Spiit!lan Home Music Bldg. Admilli!4ration Treat Dormitory Baptist Church Montague LiLrary Auditorium Dining Hall utensils. Their religious life is of the pioneer variety. Their churches are of the once-a-month order, enjoying one or two sermons on a given Sunday each month and closing up until the same Sunday in the next month. Many of these churches are without a Sunday-school, and few of the preachers have had educational advantages.

The mountaineer has reverence for God. He believes his Bible and is .not troubled over the imaginings of rationalistic theological professors and scientists. His religion is an individualistic matter with him, ;just as his life is. He does not pay much in money for the material bases of living and exhibits an equal reluctance toward paying anything to the support of his preacher. This is one thing that has fixed on him the incubus of the outworn once-a-month sermon, by which device he manages to keep only a modicum of life in his oak~embowered church by the roadside.

Many evangelical bodies, among whom Northern Presbyterians deserve the credit of priority, are now conducting systems of mission schools among the Highlanders of the South. In addition, there are some individual institutions maintained by certain benevolent organizations. Among the other df'nominations doing large work in the school field for mountain folk are the Southern Baptists, the Southern Presbyterians, Northern and Southern

Methodists. The Disciples, Oongregationalists and Episcopalians have also touched this field of effort. The Baptists have between 5,000 and 6,000 in attendance on their schools, the Presbyterians perhaps an equal number and the Methodists a smaller number.

Ohristian statesmanship has reached a consensus of judgment that the institution best fitted to help the mountaineer to adjust himself to twentieth century conditions is the Ohurch, and the method by which the Ohurch must be quickened for the task is educational. It was ilOt chance that led each Ohristian bodv which has entered this field to establish a system of secondary ·'schools under Ohristian control. No othrr method of service has been found so full of promise.

You must vitalize the mountaineer's church through these schools. Not only are the schools now training scores of young men and women for lives of high service in the outer world, but they are sending hundreds of the mountain youth back to the coves and valleys trained to lead their communities and churches into a larger outlook on life. Vocational training is preparing them to improve living conditions in the mountains. Some are prepared to teach and others to preach and to lead people within the churches forward to larger contacts in Ohristian service.

The aptitude of mountain boys and girls for grasping high and worthy ideals of life deserves special emphasis. In a day of alarming materialism, these young dreamers in the quiet and immensities of the mountains are not infatuated with the glint of the dollar. In an exceptional degree they are ready to respond to the opportunity and appeal of the life of service to their fellows in some field where spiritual uplift is the frankly avowed purpose.

A large percentage of the ministers in some denominations in the South is coming out of these mountains, and an equally impressive number of the students are going into other uplift vocations. The mountain schools of the Baptist Home Mission Board during the ten years preceding 1916 sent out from its schools 350 preachers, 200 lawyers, 225 doctors, 30 trained nurses, 30 missionaries and 2,500 public school teachers. More than 3,0()() had returned to the farm, 900 were engaged in commercial pursuitlil, forty were in banks and eighteen were members of State -legis- latures. In these Highlands are vast human resources waitiug the touch of Ohristian culturf' for their releasement. There is no such other field in America. But not even this field will wait long on our tardy lack of understanding. The railways are breaking through the great ramparts by which the silent giants of the Highlands seek to keep out the irreverent hand and the impertinent curiosity of modern civilization. Wherever one ef these railways gets through, wherever the modern campaign for highway improvement makes another hard and safe road through the mountain regions, the primitive economic scheme of the mountaineer's life has to give way to that in which everything is valued by the dollar mark.

There is pathos in it. We must either strengthen the mountaineer to play his part well under the new conditions, or the tearing up of the quaint and beautiful but outworn pioneer system of life will be his undoing. In proportion to the effort which has been put forth in this field of service by different Ohristian groups the rewards have been great. They will be still greater if we shall put forth adequate effort.

There are about 200 mission schools now in the Highlands. They are probably educating 20,000 to 25,000 youths. The work should be increased five-fold or· ten-fold. To do this would draw out and train more young men and women for the great tasks of constituted Ohristianity in the generation just ahead of us than we can hope to obtain from any other field.

PROMISING MOUNTAINEERS AT MARS HILL COLLEGE, NORTH CAROLINA

1'I!JI1l'eIRSymbol CHURCH WITH RESIDENT PASTOR = I

5ymbolwllhQu! r;gllre CHURCH WITHOUT RESIDENT PASTOR t::, 2 CONGREGATIONAL !1§U'ft WllhlJill Symbol RESIDENT PASTOR WITH OUT CHURCH 0 3 DISCIPLES • SUNDAY SCHOOL WITHOUT 0 4LUTHERAN ORGANIZED CHURCH 0 SMETHOOIST EPISCOPAL MISSIONARY AND PASTORAL o 6PRESBYTERIAN — CIRCUITS .0 'PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL * CITIES •• TOWNS A SltC'tION OF MON'tANA-SUR'1tYI<:n BY 'tHJ!: HOMJ!: MISSIONS COUNCIL (See pi&,e 821)

of the Country

BY DR. PAUL L. VOGT, PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Superintendent of Rural Work, Department of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension, Methodist Episcopal Church N o two country parishes present the same problems. :Rural communities are marked by such an infinite variety of con- ditions relating to economic welfare, health, recreation, social organization, class relationships, leadership, ideals and beliefs, and these in such varying combinations that a description of the problems of one community would not be applicable to any other. Neither would the methods that apply to the solution of the problems of one community necessarily serve in another.

In the maze of problems, however, that present themselves to the student of rural life a number are to be found so uniform as to justify their presentation as of general importance. Attention can here be called only to those particular problems of country parishes which demand for their solution the unified effort of all parishes working together under wise collective leadership.

Problems of this type may be classified into two general divisions; first, those found in the community as a whole and that present themselves as a challenge to the Church and the ministry for solution j and second, those that lie in the organization of the Church itself. As a part of church organization will be included all phases of church life that make the Church a social entity, and a help or hindrance to social progress in the life of the community as a whole.

The most serious problems of the first type grow out of the general level of the economic life and out of changes taking place in rural economic organization. The opening of the nineteenth century found the new nation planted on American soil almost entirely agricultural. Means of communication and transportation were still very primitive and such manufacturing and trade as had developed was necessarily local and on a small scale. By the middle of the century the spread of steam railway transportation and the system of state aid to manufactures had started at a rapid pace that revolution in industry which has had as one of its marked results the centralization of population in large urban communities, the gradual decrease in rural population in many sections, and the centralization of wealth, ownership and control in the cities. With the very rapid comparative increase in economic opportunity and wealth in the cities came a shift of economic control and of social prestige from the farmers to the urban residents.

851

The extent of this shift has been shown by studies of the dis- tribution of wealth. In 1900, whereas over half of the population of the United States lived in unincorporated communities, but 24 per cent of the wealth of the nation was agricultural. In 1910, while still 45 per cent of the people lived in unincorporated com- munities, but 33 per cent of the wealth of the country was agri- cultural. There are no data available to determine the changes that have taken place, as a result of, the war, but there is reason to believe that, while both agricultural and urban groups have increased in wealth, the total urban wealth has increased more rapidly than has that of the rural group. 'fhere is also reason to believe that a considerable part of the agricultural wealth is owned by urban interests" and consequently the income goes to increase the welfare of urban life.

The results of this disparity of wealth have been very marked. Space forbids more than their briefest enumeration.

First, the constant challenge has been to young people inter- ested in improvement of their economic condition to leave the country for the city. It is true that ch!1nges in methods of agricultural production have made it necessary for many of those who have left the country to do so because of absolute lack of opportunity economically for productive service in the country, and many of them have not been conspicuously successful in their new environment. But the standa.rds of success are not set by the many who fail, but by the few who succeed, and the result has been a continued call for the best life of the country to move to the cities. The result has been a lack of leadership in the country and a constant breakup of rural social organization.

Second, the conviction has been deeply grounded in both urban and rural thought that rural life is inherently on a lower scale than urban life. Our schools have taught success standards that unduly stimulated the movement of young people from the country. The ideals of country folk have often encouraged young people to go to college to prepare for some form of urban activity, and until recently the college graduate returning to the country was likely to be considered a failure. Oountry people have assumed that a lower salaried, less efficient teaching force or rural ministry was inevitable, and have allowed themselves to be outbid by the more wealthy urban communities. A man's children do not have as good schools· in the rural districts nor do they have the same public care for their phyE!ical welfare as in the cities. If his family needs hospital care the distant city offers the only opportunity for such attention; and as yet there is little provision for nursing facilities in the country. Moreover, the rural minister must endure hardships in his pastoral service unknown by his city brother. He does not have the transportation or library facilities

PROBLEMS OF THE COUNTRY PARISH

MINISTERIAL VIVISECTION AND THE GROWTH OF CHURCHES 19 COUNTIES 1190 CHURCHES <PO cfb ~ ~ 100 100 100 100 90 90 90 90 WITH A 80 WHOLE 70 WITH A 80 WITH A 80 WITH A 80 MINISTE 60 50 1/4 70 1/3 70 1/2 70 40 A 60 A 60 A 60 30 20 MINISTER 50 MINISTER 50 MINISTER 50 10 OR LESS 40 40 40 30 30 30 20 20 20 10 10 10 260m 35 OJ'0 390,10 60qro ARE GROWING.

IT IS HARD FOR A PART OF A MAN TO DO A WHOLE MAN'S WORK COUNTRY CHURCHES WITH ONLY PART TIME OF A MINISTER From the survey of the Methodist Episcopal Church nor the association of other ministers, enjoyed in a city parish. All these things can be had only with the expenditure of considerably more money than is required by the one living in the city.

The accepted standards of living in urban communities acts as a permanent incentive for rural ministers and teachers, and for many rural families to get out of the country and to go where higher standards of living are possible.

Third, within the rural group itself are gradually coming distinctions which will inevitably break down the solidarity of rural life. The coming of the transient tenant has already affected the welfare of both rural churches and rural schools; and makes practically impossible the working out of plans for the development of the higher forms of cooperative economic organization

dependent on the existence of a permanent and stable population. Moreover, the disappearance of the type of hired help that formerly came from neighboring farms and the substitution of unattached, transient labor groups, alien to the neighborhood, such as are found in the wheat fields of the West, the lumber camps or the fruit growing sections, introduces another element exceedingly difficult to weave into an organized community life.

THE GREATEST PROBLEM The greatest problem of the country parish, however, is that of the Church itself. No period in American history has presented a greater challenge for leadership than the present so far as community welfare is concerned. But the people are rapidly gaining an appreciation of the importance of the problems of community life, and agencies other than the Church are awake to the opportunities for service in dealing with these problems. The Red Cross, the County Fartn Bureaus, the Christian Associations, the Boy Scouts, the Public Schools, and various commmlity service organizations now have definite programs for developing rural life and are grasping on a national scale problems of the type mentioned above. They are appealing to the public for financial support for their respective programs. and the people are responding liberally.

In contrast with this, in most rural communities there are two or more churches, poorly equipped and with no social vision. In many of them two or more pastors live, while neighboring parishes have no resident pastor. Pastors of different denominations travel the same roads, but because of no fixed responsibility for entire communities all fail to render direct service to probably more than half of the community.

The first essential to making it possible for churches to give the service now demanded of them, but which in their weakness is being rendered by other agencies, is that of parishing rural communities so that there will be definite fixing of responsibility for caring for the spiritual welfare of every family· of the community. So long as communities have competing churches and so long as some communities have too many pastors while others have none at all, just so long will it be impossible to expect community service worth while from the churches. One interested in rural welfare need not be troubled about the ultimate solution of the problems presented by the rural parish as such. The people, working through agencies other than the Church are bringing rural life to a higher level in every way, including the deeper spiritual life of the people.

Out of the lack of adjustment between denominations and the lack of adequate interdenominational leadership grows another

condition that in most instances prevents the minister with a community vision from dealing effectively with other than local problems~ A study of the programs of ministers in any given section of the country would reveal the fact that no two ministers are dealing with the same common problems. All programs would reveal some effort at personal evangelism, but no uniformity of effort at the solution of the problems common to all communities.

The results of the combined action of all the churches in the campaign against the liquor traffic shows what can be done by such unified effort. The great financial "drives" put on by various groups, including the churches, shows how effective organization for combined effort may be. In rural life are many conditions that should be remedied. Rural folk lack adequate library facilities; they need better medical attention; visiting nurses, medical inspection and free treatment of school children; better housing; better roads; better methods of agriculture; better recreational and social life and better equipment.

If instead of each minister attacking each problem in his own way at his own pleasure, intergroup organization could be effected, whereby all churches could center their efforts on one carefully planned campaign to achieve one aim at a time, it would not be long before many of the most serious problems of rural life would be solved. The psychology of the "drive" caunot be used successfully for community purposes by anyone denomination working alone, because other denominations would not cooperate in moves in the organization and managenient of which they had no :part. But if all denominations select a leader representative of all, then large and permanent results in community progress can be rapidly attained. No agency has a larger influence on the thought of rural folk today than the Church; and if the Church will assume the leadership offered by its strategic position it will not only save the country but it will save itself through the service rendered.

The outlook is hopeful. The spirit of Christianity is rising.

Public education is bringing the masses to a realization that, after all, Christianity is a thing of the spirit not to be determined by whether one goes one mile or two on the Sabbath day or by ritualistic observance as unimportant as were the doctrines of the Pharisees of old. The modern layman is giving expression to his religion in practical ways. Let those who try to tie religion up to less essential expressions of the Christian spirit in external forms take heed lest the rising spirit of Christianity in seeking to express itself in service either abandon organizations insisting on external expressions, or pass by the Christian Church altogether; and in attempting to give adequate leadership let the denominations work out some plan whereby their efforts to slilrve may have every advantage of combined, collective effort.

First Americans – The

BY REV. THOMAS C. MOFFETT, D. D, NEW YORK Secretary of Indian Mission Work, Presbyterian Board of Home Missions (See Map of Indian Missions-Frontispiece) CHRISTIANIZING America includes as a primary obli- gation winning the native race, the Red Men, from nature worship and pagan supersti- tions to the faith of the Gospel.

To what extent this has already been accomplished, where the neg- lected tribes and communities of Indians are located, and how the uncompleted task may be united- TOTAL 188 oam IND /AIlS ly accomplished by the evangeli- cal church forces of the land,- c::J 20% PROTESTANT. HERENTS' these considerations have been receiving the renewed attention DIIIIIllIIl20% ROMAN CATHOUC ADHERENTS of the Home Missions Council.

_ 60 % UIIEYANCEUZED INDIANS A review of the past few years in mission interests shows that TIlE INDIANS FOR CHRIST progress has been made both in relation to overlapping and over- Prom the Survey of the Northern Baptist looking in the Indian fields. Convention About half of the twenty-three denominational agencies engaged in this work have responded to the recent appeals made for the neglected tribes assigned to them. Who would have anticipated that the Red Man would prove to be the instrumentality for bringing our divided Protestant forces to this striking instance of comity in mission services, and the accomplishment of interdenominational cooperation ~ There are now very few over-churched Indian communities, and the division of fields has been accomplished with little sectarian rivalry or waste of effort.

The methods of approach to the Red Men by the Christian Church have always had in view the fact that the American Indian race is strongly religious, and that here is found capacity and aptitude for spiritual instruction. There are no atheists among the aboriginal Americans, and profanity and blasphemy in the sense in which the white man becomes so accustomed to these desecra- tions of holy things are unknown in Indian life. But the Red 856 Men are far from being the spiritual and uncorrupt beings whom those who exalt the soul of the Indian protray them. Dr. Alfred C. Riggs, after a lifetime of intimate association and service among the Sioux, aptly summarized their pagau and corrupt condition by nature, their need of revealed religion, their gross superstitions and evil practices, and their propensity to revert to heathenism and worldliness unless nurtured in the truth and held to the highest standards of faith and practice.

The evangelical method has therefore been best adapted to the conversion and training of the Indians. The Gospel is the power of God in regeneration and growth in grace, and the Indians accept supernatural revelation as contained in "the White Man's Book of Heaven" with a simple faith and devotion.

The latest collating of statistics regarding Indian missions of the Protestant churches in the United States gives the total of adherents as 66,778. The number of communicants is reported as 31,815, and the Sunday-school enrolment 18,200. The ordained Indian ministers serving in this work number 222, in addition to 228 commissioned native helpers. Of white missionaries serving in Indian fields 212 are reported, with 153 helpers.

In educational work the Women's Home Mission Boards have carried the main responsibility in church effort and no more consecrated and successful labors have been rendered for Indian uplift than in the class rooms, the sewing rooms, the shops and the hospitals. Medical missions have been conducted by only a few of the denominations but the beneficent results have been very large. Epidemics threaten the Indians on reservations and the medicine men of the tribes are impostors. But the educated physicians, nurses and field matrons of both the government and the Church cope with these conditions and save thousands of lives and alleviate untold suffering every year. One medical missionary on the Navajo reservation vaccinated 800 Indians and treated 60 cases of small pox in a few months, without the loss of a life.

Recent investigations show that the entirely unevangelized Indians still number 47,569; and in addition to these, 100,000 Indians of the United States are unclaimed by any church as adherents of Christianity. The minister at Santa Clara, Utah, visited Moapa, Nevada, one of the isolated neglected fields, 100 miles west of Santa Clara, and reported that the Indians all manifested a longing interest. He also visited the Kaibabs at Moccasin, Arizona, 100 miles southeast, and called upon many in their homes. The roads led over deserts, mountains, mesas, and great washes, and through treacherous rivers. On one of these trips, a distance of 35 miles was traversed without seeing a dwelling or finding a watering place for his horse.

A joint central committee on Indian work has been created by

the Home Missions Council to secure cooperation in meeting this problem more systematically. The conference held at Wichita, Kansas, September 24 to 26, was a representative gathering of Protestant workers among the Indians, and a united program of action has been outlined. The uncompleted task of the Church for the race involves lines of service in which the evangelical de- nominations are now prepared to cooperate more effectively than ever before.

The educational work for the children and youth of the In- dians does not devolve wholly upon the government, and more and more Christian leaders of experience and the various denomina- tions are realizing that the educational work must go hand in hand with evangelization. Examples of some very successful schools are Bacone College of the Baptist Church in Oklahoma j the Winnebago School of the Reformed Church, Santee Normal Training School of the Congregational Church in Nebraska, and the Tucson Training School of the Presbyterian Church in Arizona.

Approximately one-third of the Indian churches have no Sunday- schools. This defect should be remedied. The Roman Catholics have :numero;us boarding schools in ,which thousands of Indian young people are being trained for their Church. .

In the federal and public schools there is a total of 58,000 pupils. The opportunity for religious instruction in these schools is within reach of the missionaries, and the assignment of the schools to denominations that can best care for the pupils in in- dividual communities is an urgent need at the present time. The constituent Boards of the Home Missions Council have been asked to indicate whether they will give religious instruction in the Government Indian Schools within whose bounds they have resident ministers.

Community and social service and institutional church ef- forts should be organized to a greater extent. The Reformed Presbyterian Church for years conducted a very successful broom factory among the Apache Indians of Oklahoma. The glazing of native pottery to make it of commercial value, and the instruction in lace making have been successfully accomplished on a number of fields. On the Navajo Reservation, with its 31,000 Indians, corn grinding mills and wool scouring centers could be established, great- ly to the advantage of the Indians. The missionaries can co- operate with federal and local forces to suppress liquor, peyote or mescal, tiswin and other evils that devastate reservation life.

Christian physicians, Bible readers and field matrons are forces for community and tribal uplift in lines of service where Indian conditions present an appalling need.

The strongest ministry for returned students is urgent. These educated young people come back to the reservation demanding

THE FIRST AMERICANS. THE INDIANS

a higher type of church service than prevails among the illiterate adult Indians. They are often ready for Christian service, but they return to congregations in which there are no Sunday-school teachers, no opportunities to serve as trustees, church treasurers or ushers, and often no students' club or young people's societies, A quickening of .interest and of practical methods for reaching and holding the educated young people is called for more than ever at the present time.

A broad and comprehensive service for our united Protestant interests among the Indians is of very great importance. There is no mission work in the land so closely related to govermnental affairs and requiring such representation at Washington, D. C.

Any comprehensive and statesmanlike treatment of Protestant Indian interests calls for a constant recognition of government relations. In the annual report to the Secretary of the Interior, the Hon. Cato Sells, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, has expressed the estimation and cordial relations in which the work of the churches is held by the Government. He says: I wish to express earnest appreciation for the cooperation and helpful assistance rendered by the missionaries at large and in the field. While ardent in the propagation of their respective denominations, they have almost without exception been generous rather than critical of myself or of those representing religious ideas other than their own. Their accomplishments have been constructive and effective, not only in the advancement of the Indians spiritually, but industrially, morally and otherwise. I gratefully acknowledge the unselfish service of philanthropic organizations and individuals who have shown their devotion to and genuine interest in the native American."

If we can realize that the Indian missions in the United States represent the group that may evangelize the twelve to twenty million Indians in the western hemisphere, then the churches will rally to the urgent need of consecrated training and effective backing for the missions here to prepare for this larger task. These converted Indians should develop and support a native leadership that shall go out into all corners of this western hemisphere. When the Church can see its program· for Indian missions turning out a steady stream of Christian young men, fully equipped to meet this challenge, it may begin. to feel that it is entitled to the Master's praise of "Well done, good and faithful servant."

It is estimated that there are at least 100,000 American In- dians unclaimed as adherents of any Christian Church, Protestant or Roman Catholic, and about 50,000 Indians entirely unprovided for, and out of the reach of any Christian Mission. .

A ME;XICAN HOUSE; OF THE; BE;TTE;R CLASS IN NEW

The Mexicans in the Southwest BY. JOSIAH H. HEALD, Q. D., ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO Su.perintendent of Congregational Missions in New Mexico, Arizona and Western Texas T HERE are two .Mexican probler,ns in the Southwest. One i.s . old, the other IS new. One IS permanent-at least untIl solved; the other is possibly transient or at least subject to constant change of phase. One' faces inward, toward our own country, being to a large extent a problem of Americanization; the other faces outward, toward Mexico, having an important bearing on our relation to that country. They may be distinguished as the Spanish-American problem and the Mexican problem.

1.The Spanish-American problem. has to do with the uative born, Spanish"speaking people of the Southwest. It is impossible to understand the problein of today, without taking into account its source and history. Spanish occupation of the Southwest is very old. Long before the Pilgrim Fathers had set foot on the eastern doorstep of the country at Plymouth Rock, the Spanish Fathers had climbed up the back stairs into Mexico. They came with an invading army in 1540, and again in 1598 with a colonization enterprise. Governor Prince says, in his "History of New Mexico", "The early Franciscans, who came as true missionaries, actuated by love, and who easily won the hearts of the people, were succeeded by ecclesiastics of a more severe type who sought to convert the natives by compulsion, and introduced the Inquisition 860

THE MEXICANS IN THE SOUTHWEST

THE HOUSES OF MEXICANS OF THE POORER. CLASS IN EL PASO, TEXAS and various forms of punishment, in order to compel the observance of their religion." As the result of these measures came the great Pueblo Indian uprising in 1680, when every Spaniard was killed or driven out, twenty-one priests being among the slain. But the Spaniards carne back and had reconquered the territory by 1696, and their settlements gradually spread over large portions of the territory now comprised in the states of Texas, New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona and California. Their relations to the Indians were such as to involve a gradual infiltration of Indian blood. As a consequence there are few families who can claim unmixed Spanish blood, but the percentage of that blood is far larger than in Mexico. Isolated for centuries, they retained for the most part the ideas and customs prevailing in Spain when their forefathers left that country. Although these ideas and customs have been modified in recent times by contact with Americans, especially through the mission schools, there are still great numbers who hold mediaeval ideas of religion, such as belief in witchcraft and other superstitions current three hundred years ago. The Society of the Penitentes still thrives, perpetuating the Third Order of St. Francis, and practicing with extreme rigor self-inflicted penitential torture.

Isolation and hard conditions of existence have had a marked physical effect, tending to produce a distinct racial type. It accounts for a strong race consciousness, a tendency to flock by themselves, even when living in American towns, and the persistent use of the Spanish language. A proud people, they retain the spirit, although separated by centuries of poverty and ignorance from its original source; a music-loving people, they retain the love,

although they have lost the art; a religious people, although deprived of the clear knowledge of God, they lavish a wealth of devotion on crude pictures and images; a generous people, they have become, by reason of their training and the hard conditions, stingy to a degree when it comes to giving money for public or religious purposes, but still retain the readiness to share their last crust in the way of hospitality. Warm hearted and likeable to those who approach them in a friendly, human way; they become distant and inaccessible to the superior and condescending.

This interesting, but distinct and peculiar people, became citizens of the United States by the treaties following the Mexican war. They still call themselves Mexicans, although they have no interest in Mexico, and are thoroughly loyal to the American government, as shown by their hearty and patriotic participation in the war against Germany. Notwithstanding the fact that they and their land were made a part of the United States without the formality of asking their consent, the American government has never done anything for their educational or industrial uplift, although it has lavished thousands of dollars for such purposes upon the Indians by their side. For a poor and ignorant people to educate and uplift themselves is a difficult task. While there were not wanting progressive men among them who desired education for their people, the majority were indifferent and the ecclesiastics were vehemently opposed to non-Catholic schools. Not until 1891: was it possible to secure the enactment in New Mexico of a law creating a public school system. Even then many years passed before such a system could be made effective except in towns where the American population predominated. Thus for years the mission schools offered to many of the native peuple their only opportunity for a modern education. Beginning _as early as 1871 such schools were established by the Methodists, Congregationalists, Presbyterians, and other denominations. They have been the fount from which education for the Spanish-speaking people has flowed, creating the demand for education and making possible the supply. In one county of New Mexico, not long since, the county Superintendent, himself a Spanish-American and a Catholic, expressed appreciation of the fact that a large majority of the competent teachers in the county received their training in mission schools.

The public school system has made progress against tremendous odds, especially in the last five years, but there still remains in New Mexico and in other States great need of mission schools for the education of Spanish-speaking youth. The state institutions are beyond the reach of most of them. The need ~s for schools that will take students who have little knowledge of English, teach them to speak and write that language, give them

lH9] THE MEXICANS IN THE SOUTHWEST

education iIi both academic and industrial lines adapted to their practical needs, together with a thorough grounding in the meaning of American citizenship and the essential elements of morals and the Christian religion. Educational efforts in behalf of the Spanish-Americans should undoubtedly be increased rather than diminished for the next twenty-five years. But, in view of changing conditions, all Boards engaging in this work might wisely join in a careful survey of the conditions and shape their future policy not according to their traditional methods, but according to the actual needs.

Many of the leading denominations have been engaged for years in efforts to evangelize the Spanish-Americans. Experience has shown that they are, as is natural under the conditions of their life, extremely conservative and tenacious of their traditions and customs. By temperament and habit they are inclined to accept authority without question. They are fond of ceremony and symbol without the necessity of knowing definitely their significance. Moreover they are not-at least the older ones-a reading people, many of them not being able to read, and those that are able not being inclined to use their knowledge extensively. But the most serious obstacle to their acceptance of the Protestant faith has been its stricter moral requirements. Nevertheless, not a few have become Protestants, a still larger number sympathetic hearers, and a very large number have been influenced in their ideas of religion and life, although remaining nominal Catholics. It is possible that even larger results might have been achieved if Spanish-American character and temperament had been better understood, and their racial habits treated more sympathetically. A more dignified housing of the church than has usually been provided would have been helpful to the work, and it is conceivable that greater richness of ceremony and symbol might be used effectively in reaching a people who crave such things.

A study of the problem of Spanish-American evangelization might wisely be undertaken jointly by the denominations engaged in this work, a study in .which the psychology, temperament, customs and environment of the Spanish-American should be taken into account. If, in addition, there could be such cooperation and increase of interest as to make it possible to do the work in a more ample way, the gain would be immense.

Certairily the Spanish-American in the Southwest should have a fair chance to enter into the spirit of the land that forcibly adopted them. Especially should they be liberated from the bondage of ignorance find superstition, and receive that priceless heritage of every American, the right to determine their own religious life on the basis of the fullest information and to enter into the glorious liberty of the children of God.

If the duty and privilege of so doing does not sufficiently move us, we should at least see the necessity of it. In New Mexi- co and in other sections where a large part of the people are of this race, it is not possible to have clean politics, public health, pure morals, or intelligent citizenship, except by the participation of the Spanish-Americans. That they may be a menace has been shown in the past by the prevalence of infectious diseases, political corruption, and intemperance. That they may be, on the other hand, a tremendous asset is shown by their decisive swiug to prohibition and their patriotic participation in the war. That they are capable of producng leaders is shown by the fact that many of the prominent officials of the state of New Mexico are Spanish Americans. It is not too much to say that what the Southwest shall be twenty-five years from now will depend largely on what the Spanish-Americans become.

2. In the last seven years, since the revolution in Mexico, there has arisen a Mexican problem, which, if not entirely new, is so enlarged as to constitute a new problem. Refugees driven out by revolution and counter-revolution, laborers starved out by industrial conditions, adventurers in quest of novelty or gain, have constantly crossed the long border line between the United States and Mexico. While there are no statistics that can accurately give the number, it is known to be large, probably threequarters of a million. While they have followed the great trunk lines of railroad to almost every part of the United States, the great ma,jority of them are concentrated in the Southwest. In many a town and mining camp they constitute a majority of the population.

These people are of all sorts and conditions, from wealthy refugees to the poorest and most destitute. A considerable number of the artisan mid small shop-keeper class are found among them, representing the middle class in society, as nearly as it is represented in Mexico. The great majority are poor, unskilled laborers, commonly called cholos. Those of the last named class usually show clear indications of the Indian in their ancestry, but they speak the Spanish language, and are Mexican in their imme- diate antecedents. In the border strip one hundred miles wide there is naturally a mixture of native born Spanish-Americans and these immigrant Mexicans; but in the main they are a distinct people, and present a distinct problem. Migrant to a degree, they have no permanent abiding place, but go wherever industrial conditions invite. Mexican to the core, from Mexico they came, and to Mexico they hope to return. Deeply imbued with race consciousness and race prejudice, they are inclined to be hostile to America and things Ameri- can.

THE MEXICANS IN THE SOUTHWEST

As to religion, they are largely without it. Most of them have cut loose from the Roman Catholic Church or have become indifferent to it. Removal from the old environment has freed . them from conventional religious habits and customs. This does not mean that they are inclined to Protestantism, but only that their souls are vacant and to let to the first applicant,-infidelity, socialism, Bolshevism, or what not. It does mean, however, that in approaching them on religious subjects it is not necessary to tunnel through a thick wall of conservatism and prejudice. This is a great advantage so far as quick results are concerned, and is reflected in the fact that evangelization among them all along the border, from the Gulf of Mexico to the Pacific coast has yielded prompt and encouraging results far in excess of simil;:tr work among the more provincial and conservative Spanish-Americans. Thus they constitute a most promising field for missionary labor.

The fact that these people are to be found almost wholly in Mexican quarters of American towns makes the approach to them different from that to our native Spanish-Americans, who live largely in isolated villages, hamlets, or ranches. In case of the latter, the missionary goes to a people who are occupying the land that has been occupied by them and their ancestors for genera- tions. In the former they deal with an immigrant people who have come to us. In work among the migrant Mexicans, the local Protestant churQhes should always be enlisted, if possible. Much depends upon the friendly attitude of the local people, and this will be a large element in successful work. Community work will be found of great value. The Mexicans, because of their social instincts, are peculiarly susceptible to community affairs, social, musical, political and religious. It is sometimes easier to reach a hundred Mexicans than to reach one. If the. American community will make friendly advances in the way of interest and fellowship, not of patronage and superiority, the Mexican people will be found particularly susceptible to such influences; and the soil will thus be prepared for the seed of the Word.

Although a large percentage of the immigrant Mexicans are illiterate, reading matter, if brief and breezy in character, is apt to receive considerable currency. They have a way of reading things aloud in groups. It is further to be said that these people are excellent propagators of any new ideas they may acquire, both because of their enthusiasm over their new acquisition and because of their migratory habits. They may be counted on to carry the Gospel message, if it is deeply lodged in their hearts, to their compatriots in different parts of this country and finally to Mexico.

POL.YGAMY, ONE; OF 'rRE; FRUITS OF

The late Prophet Joseph F. Smith, President of the Mormon Church, and a part of his family which consisted of six wives, 43 children and 95 grand children Mormons of Today and How to Win Them· BY WILLIAM E. LA RUE, B. D., ROCHESTER, N. Y.

Author of "The Foundations of Mormonism"

T HE Mormons of today bear clear evidence of the impact of Christianity upon them. They have lived in the environ- ment of our moral civilization and so have come to share many of our moral ideals. Under the wider knowledge which has distinguished our age as an age of enlightenment and progress, the Mormon people have been compelled to make many modifications in their original beliefs and practices.

The Mormons are not the same today that they were fifty years ag.o. Their fathers were very suscepti.ble, they were very credulous, they were living in an atmosphere of superstition. It was because of the crude conditions that prevailed on the American frontier that Joseph Smith was able to find people who would believe his incredible stories. It is doubtful if the Mormons of our time would believe them except for the fact that they are within the momentum of the movement. Had Joseph SInith lived in our day and told the story of finding golden plates in a stone box, even if our sinful eyes could not see the plates, we would at least • The aim of this article is to set forth briefly the present status of the Mormon Church: as it may be of dinetaelrefsutllytowCitlhariasntiyanorwtohrekemrsana:rndvittahle promoters of t AmericM. evangelization. No attempt II made to and fundamen al facts in Mormon history and belief. That could nol be included within our lilDltations.-W. E. L.ARuJt.

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19191 MORMONS OF TODAY AND HOW TO WIN THEM

insist upori seeing the box. The Mormons of today would hardly submit to be led about here and there, facing one wretched experi- ence after another, under the guidance of their visionary prophet. Bankruptcy always followed on his trail. It was (}nly after Brig- ham Young, the successful general manager of Mormonism, came into control and put Yankee grit and practical genius in place of so-called visions and revelations that entries began to appear on the credit side of the Mormon ledger.

The Mormons are not the same as when Brigham Young and Heber C. Kimball thundered forth their invective against the government of the United States; not the same as when old Jedi- diah M. Grant preached the awful doctrine of "Blood atonement;" not the same as in the days when the Danites stood as guarding angels to despoil the Gentiles and wreak vengeance upon apos- tates; not the same as in the days of the Mountain Meadows massa- cre; not the same as when the government sent its army to en- force its demands; not the same as when polygamy went on un- checked and old men vied with each other for possession of the choicest of the women converts who had migrated to Utah.

Mormon history does not read well. Mormons of all classes would like to turn attention to things more lovely and of better report. To go digging into that history is like digging into a dyke. It is disastrous to Mormon prestige. Therefore the Mor- mons would like to have us swallow uncritically the story which their own clever editors have written.

The Mormons of today are divided into three sects or factions. There are the Brighamites, Josephites, and Hederickites. These ate the survivors of at least eighteen sects that have appeared among the Mormons. The greatest of these are the Brighamites, who take their name from Brigham Young, and have their center at Salt Lake City, Utah. They number approximately 500,000 and are otherwise known as, "The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints." Heber J. Grant has recently been elected Presi- dent and is recognized as "Prophet, Seer and Revelator," but, like his predecessors, fails to make good in these capacities.

The Josephites take their name from Joseph Smith, the oldest son of Joseph Smith, founder of the cult. This son in 1860 gathered about him some of the old Mormons and formed "The Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints." 'fhis sect now numbers approximately 100,000 and has its head- . quarters at Lamoni, Iowa. Frederick M. Smith, grandson of the :first Prophet Smith, has lately succeeded to the Presidency as "Prophet, Seer, and Revelator." This sect is antagonistic to poly- gamy and has no fellowship with the Brighamites. The Mormon sects look on each other as "Apostates."

The Hederickites take their name from Granville Hederick

who many years ago balked at certain things which led him and his few followers to regard the Prophet Smith as a "Fallen Prophet." This sect is officially known as "The Church of Christ", the original name by which the Mormon Church was called. Their headquarters are located at Independence, Missouri, where they have possession of the famous "Temple Lot," which the first Mormon Prophet consecrated for the building of a great Temple.

The spiritual needs of the Mormon people are many and real. They have shown themselves possessed of great energy and capable of great tasks. They have strong and genuine religious impulses which have been misguided. They have been taught to frown upon all other organized forces of Christianity and believe that they are the sole custodians of true religious faith. There is tt woeful ignorance among them of the history of Christianity, and even the history of their own faith. The people are priest-ridden and are taught to regard apostacy as the "deadliest of all sins."

It is because of their lack of the true knowledge of Christ and His Gospel that Mormons are in need of missionary endeavor. The Mormons themselves are great propagandists. Since the organization of their church in 1830, they have multiplied their six charter members by 100,000. They are sending out a constant stream of missionaries and nothing delights them more than to receive converts from some Christian Church. The Brighamites tell people that polygamy is "a dead issue," but when asked if they believe in it, they admit that they do. It is openly taught in their text books which are circulated through the mails.

The dissemination of Christian truth and education will do much to work desired changes in Mormondom. The way to overcome falsehood is with truth. Not alone polygamy but many other elements of Mormon teaching should be understood and a warning sounded against them. The whole system is shot through with ignorance, priestcraft and superstition.

The Mormons have changed their methods of work in some respects. Hitherto, they taught their people to flee to Zion out of the "eastern countries." Now they are building temples outside of Utah where they carry on their mystic rites. In Hawaii, they have just completed a temple costing $200,000 and in Canada they have erected another at the cost of $600,000. The tithing system produces a great inflow of wealth by which such enterprises are readily accomplished. They are dividing off the territory of the United States and establishing missionary headquarters, centers of propaganda, in many of our largest cities, sending out women missionaries along with the men. Recently they erected a large church in Brooklyn, New York. Tlley are also carrying on a propaganda through the press. The Deseret News reports that the Mormon writer, Dr. Talmadge, has in the past two years had

MORMONS OF TODAY AND HOW TO WIN THEM

Courtesy of the Literary Digest THE NEW MORMON TEMPLE IN BROOKLYN, N. Y.

his articles published "in hundreds of millions of copies in the great newspapers of the country."

From these facts it is apparent that the ground of anti-Mormon work must be shifted. The Mormons must be met wherever they are–in every state of the union and in foreign lands. The problem of offsetting their propaganda is complicated and difficult. Christian workers should learn the truth about the system represented by these propagandists and tell it boldly, even though the duty may not be pleasant. It may keep your neighbors from falling into the clutches of Mormonism.

It has been possible to organize Christian churches in Mormon communities through the Gentiles who have settled there. While apostate Mormons may never take any active interest in any other religious faith, their children sometimes do. Converts to Mormonism, gathered from other localities, when they reach the Mormon communities sometimes become disillusioned, and return to the Christian Church. Many young Mormons are also learning to think for themselves and so think their way out of Mormonism, sometimes helping to form Christian churches in Mormon territory. The work of Christian evangelization must be maintained at "concert pitch" in all Mormon communities. This can best be done through the organized Church. Christians must not look on complacently while this darksome thing which originated in a corner fastens its hold upon the people of America.

Cruisers and Chapel

A Story of Reaching the Neglected Areas in America BY COE HAYNE, NEW YORK The American Baptist Home Mission Society T HE captain of the Gospel cruiser, 'Robert G. Seymour," an- chored his boat in a deep cove where neither out-going tide nor high winds might cause a mishap, and went ashore to arrange for a meeting in a nearby school house. Mter he had called at several homes, he was met by a tall young woodsman who . came swinging down the path leading to the doorstep of a primitive lo.g h.ouse. The youth had seen the captain before and lmew his mISSIOn.

"I wouldn't advise you to call at dad's house, sir," said the native. "You see," he hastened to explain, "dad don't have no truck with preachers and he'd treat you impolite."

Observing that the young fellow was well disposed toward him, the missionary spoke cordially and passed on without calling on "dad." But a Sunday-school was started in the settlement and whenever the missionary-captain anchored in the cove he held a preaching service which the son of the man who had no "truck with preachers" invariably attended.

One day word was sent to the captain of the Gospel cruiser that a death had occurred in the home of this settler. Would the captain please come and preach a funeral sermon over the body of his son? As all the neighbors wanted to attend the service, the messenger said the service would be held iIi the school house. The captain replied that he was very ready to render what service he could.

The owner of a little saw-mill used his team and bob-sleigh to carry the mourners from the home to the school house and on a low, hand-made sled, covered with evergreens, rested the body of the boy as it was conveyed to the school house and to the grave. The father, walking beside the casket, drove the one ox hitched to the sled.

It is almost needless to add that after that day there was no one in the community more ready to welcome the captain of the Gospel cruiser to, his home than this grief-stricken father. He had discovered how necessary sometimes is the comforting Gospel of Christ.

The above story told to the writer by Rev. W. R. Howell, formerly commander of the "Robert G. Seymour," illustrated ~ev­ eral things relating to the work carried on by colporteur-missionaries by means of the Gospel cruiser.

Many communities situated on the arms and inlets of Puget 870 THE " ROBERT G. SEYMOUR" THE LARG EST GASOLENE DRIVEiN GO SPEL CRUI SER IN AMERICAN WATERS Sound or Coos Bay cannot be r eached except by water transportation. A few years ago this situation was brought home to the only Baptist pastor in two whole counties in Oregon. One day while traveling in a river boat he noticed that the craft stopped to discharge freight at the many piers along the way. It was the only means of reaching the people, and the thought came to hini "Why cannot this river be used to carry the Gospel as well as goods to the people 1 If only we had a colporteur-missionary in a Gospel boat!"

The first cruiser of the present fleet commissioned under Baptist auspices is the "Life-Line" which plies the waters of Coos Bay, Oregon. She was constructed under the supervision of Captain G. L. Hall, who is the present commander of the "Robert G. Seymour, " of Seattle. These boats were built by the American Baptist Publication Society for the special work in which they are engaged, and are under the general supervision of Rev. George L. White of Los Angeles, joint division secretary for the latter Society and the American Baptist Home Mission Society. They embody features which have been accepted after a previous attempt to use a missionary boat had failed because of the lack of chapel space. The" Life Line" is of the glass cabin cruiser type, forty feet long, and is equipped with a twenty-four horse-power engine.

The machinery is so arranged that one man can handle the boat. The main cabin is large enough to hold between thirty and forty people.

The "Robert G. Seymour," the largest gasoline-driven Gospel cruiser afloat in American waters, is fifty-one and a half feet long. She is equipped with a four-cylinder, forty-horse-power Corliss engine and can be operated by one man. Both boats have complete electric lighting equipment ",ith a search-light for night travel. The cabin of the "Robert G. Seymour," which serves as chapel as well as living quarters for the missionary-commander and his helper, is fitted with lockers for storage, an organ, and a loan library.

Puget Sound, with its one thousand seven hundred miles of coast line, is the scene of the "Robert G. Seymour's" activities. Here are eighteen counties accessible to sea-going vessels giving Washington more inland water front than any other state in the Union. In the many arms and inlets are countless islands and villages where absolute pioneer oonditions still prevail. While sixty per cent of the points touched by the Gospel cruiser are ·within one hundred miles of Seattle and others within fifty miles of some one of the thriving cities of Olympia, Ta~oma, Seattle, Everett or Bellingham, yet forests, as dense as any in America, and long water routes, isolate these communities from the above mentioned centers of population.

Using the school census as a basis of calculation it is estimated that one-third of the population of Washington is of fo;reign birth, and that ten per cent of the people living in school districts have no church or Sunday-school privileges. The men, whose families live in these remote communities, are employed in nine hundred saw-mills, four hundred and fifty shingle-mills and one thousand two hundred logging and bolt-camps.

The colporteur-captain preaches in school houses, cabins, logging and mining camps, barns and dance halls. On board his boat he carries magazines, papers and other literature printed in seven languages for free distribution. Books are loaned from the library. Preaching stations have been opened, Sunday-schools organized and chapels built as results of the Gospel cruiser work. Often the boat is used for a "relief ship" for families in distress.

GOSPEL ROLLING STOCK Another unique and successful form of colporteur-missionary work is carried on by means of the Chapel Car. Seven are owned by the American Baptist Publication Society and are available for home missionary work. Each car is a chapel in itself, with space provided for the living quarters of the missionary"and his wife.

GOSPEL CRUISERS AND CHAPEL CARS

By means ~f the cbapel car AUDIF,NCE; ROOM OF TH E; CHU RCH people bave been gatbered to- ON WHEELS gether in public services who might otberwise be deprived of hearing the Gospel. Hundreds of towns have been visited and many men and women bave been converted tbrough their use. By their ministry 218 churches and 358 Sunday-schools have been organized, 179 meeting houses' built, 272 pastors settled, 24,919 conversions reported, with 8,530 additions to tbe churches brought about otherwise than by baptism and 18,724 Scriptures distributed. 'l'he cars and their present fields of labor are as follows: Chapel Car "Evangel," Rev. V . E . Clarke and wife, Nebraska. Chapel Car "Gla:d Tidings," Rev. P. 1. Blanchard and wife, Missouri. Chapel Car "Emmanuel," Colorado. Chapel Car "Messenger of Peace," Rev. T. R. Gale and wife, V as hington. Chapel Car "Herald of H ope," R ev. .W. F . Newton and wife, W. Va. Chapel Car "Grace," Rev. E. R. Hermiston and wife, California. Chapel Car "Good Will," R ev. W. C. Driver and wife, Oregon.

H er e is the record of " E vangel" during sixty months, a service representative of that rendered by the workers in charge of the other cars: sermons, 2,188 ; families visited, 3,993; copies of the Scriptures distributed, 2,975; conversions, 892; baptisms, 596; additions to churches otherwise than by baptism, 490; pastors settled with salary raised, 19; church buildings erected, 5.

The following is a beautiful story of a conversion in one of these chapel cars. One hot day in July a car was attacbed to an express train for a long journey. All day long, services were held every two bours, to whicb th e passengers were invited. Many came becanse they liked tbe singing; otbers because they wanted a change; some because they loved the Gospel. One man a.ttended every service. No appeal seemed to move him. He was interested-that was all. At the last meeting of the day be was the first to respond to the invitation to take Jesus Christ as his Saviour. "I don't know who you are or wbo sent yon," he said to the missionary, "but I have a little girl who will always believe that God sent you. Since sbe was big enough to say her 'Now I lay me' she has added 'Oh Jesus, hless papa, and make him love vou. ' She is now eleven veal'S old. I shall wire at the next stop that Jesus has heard her prayer."

America's Crisis and

BY REV. CHARLES L. WHITE. D. D.• NEW YORK Executive Secretary of the American Baptist Home Mission Society T HE nineteenth century saw a Republic of thirteen states- leaping rivers, sweeping across praries and over mountains- push on to the Pacific and northward to Alaska opening the way for peoples climbing toward freedom. What may not the twentieth century witness in the intensive growth of the same area~ .'

The Christian churches of America can do through their membership and organizations within the lifetime of this genera- tion exactly as much as God can do with the human tools at His disposal. Shall these tools be dull, poorly tempered, weakly made, or beaten out on the church anvils under the hammer of divine truth, and then hardened, sharpened, and tested 1 The slogan of the churches of the present century may well be: It Have the tools ready; God will give thee work." Some tools must be sharp to cut away the underbrush. Others must be made to plant the seed, to cultivate the soil, and still others to garner the wheat.

What are the peoples among whom our churches must labor?

Formerly they were alike; now they are unlike. Nothing in the history of the world faintly foretold the multitudes who have come from many lands to get the gold, the freedom, and the blessings of America.

Among the first group of selectmen in Cambridge, Massachu- setts, were those who carried out a vote of the town meeting to build a road extending a few miles westward into the wilderness.

Wben they reported their work and the expense they were asked why they built so long a road., The chairman answered: "While we were doing the work we thought we might as well build it as far as a road would ever be needed in that direction."

Are the Christian workmen of today holding views as short sighted and as incommensurate with America's future greatness in popula- tion, material increase, intellectual growth, and spiritual influence'

A CENTURY HENCE A hundred years from now how many inhabitants will dwell within our borders T What dangers will have been faced and escaped T What civil wars may threaten our land 7 What foreign complications may rise to embarrass us 7 Great social and industrial upheavals may break forth like slumbering volcanoes and try our souls. New and sudden national and international tests may come to our democracy. Dangerous caste systems may be produced by pride and wealth and arrogance. Heavy chastise- 874 ments may be visited upon the land if its people forget God. Painful social reconstructions will appear if men trample the Golden Rule under their feet. These questions suggest a hundred others that rise to perplex American churches and to confound not a few Christians as they contemplate the spiritual work that must be done and gird themselves for the strenuous tasks ahead.

The immensity of the task to make Christian even the cities in America is reflected in the experience of a man who notes the different nationalities he may meet in a single week. On Monday morning a Roumanian ashman cleans his cellar and a Pole whitewashes it walls. A Hollander prunes his vines; a German plumber comes to stop a leak in his bathroom and this man's helper is a Dane. His cook is a Swede, and the waitress is a Norwegian. As he leaves for his office a Belgian seamstress enters to help his wife. The man who paints his front fence is from Switzerland. He gives his,laundry to a Chinaman, visits a Russian tailor, orders groceries of a Welshman, meat from a Scotchman, and purchases fish at a Frenchman's store. As he waits for a trolley car an Italian vegetable man passes, while he is talking with an Irish policeman. The next day he buys hardware from an Alsatian and learns that his milkman is a Lapp, and his cobbler a Hungarian. In the evening a Philippine bell-boy shows him to a room in a hotel and among the waiters are Slovaks, Greeks, and Servians. The next day he takes luncheon in a Turkish restaurant, engages a Syrian to mend some rugs and purchases two more from an Armenian. In the afternoon he meets a college classmate, a Bulgarian, who introduces him to a Montenegrin. That evening he learns that the Austrian consul of the city has rented the house opposite. On Sunday he meets a Cuban Protestant at church and finds a Mexican, a Brazilian, a Lithuanian, a Peruvian, and a Haitian in a popular Sunday-school class of one hundred men. A Japanese merchant and his family attended evening service and the next day, as chairman of the committee to look after the repairs of the church, he learns that the Portuguese sexton has died, and selects a Canadian in his place. The following day a Spaniard washes his office windows, and a Jew wishes him a merry Christmas. In an early train, he counts twenty-eight passengers in the car. Four are reading German papers, twelve .Jewish, six Italian, and he concludes that the only American-born man in the car besides himself is a Negro!

If the churches in such a city, and if the churches in· all the land, can Christianize the various national groups, the Kingdom of God will extend its rule in many other countries dominated by interpretations of the Christian faith at variance with the simplicity of the Gospel of Christ. If America can be made thoroughly Christian, its influence will carry more weight than hitherto among

the non-Christian nations and will counteract the evil tendencies of militarism, autocracy and social degeneracy in so-called Christian nations.

INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE Into America very many of the blessings of democracy and of Christianity have come and here numerous dreams. of freedom have been realized. It may be the arena of the greatest spiritual conflict between Christianity and paganism which the world has ever seen. America is the caldron into which the silver and gold of many nationalities is being melted, to run into the molds of God's purposes. The most important international exchange is the exchange of foreigners fresh from the old world for earlier men and women who came to America, and in it have had their lives fused, purified and saved. America is the land where the largest plans of God for the people of the eartb. seem to be ripening.

The Japanese current striking the western shores of North America suggests the spiritual influence which Asia, when Christianized, may yet exert upon the new world. The Gulf Stream illustrates the hundred currents that flow from America to temper the harsh climate in northwestern Europe. If the Gulf Stream should cease to flow' eastward, what would happen 1 If spiritual influences from America should no longer pour toward. Europe, Asia, and Africa, especially in these days of national testings, how many spiritual harvests would never ripen f Dr. L. C. Barnes has interestingly said in his book, "Elemental Forces in Home ~Iissions, " that America is Messianic. To Christianize certain nations and all the national groups of the earth living in this land is to make the country the Messiah to all the darkened peoples of the world.

America has enjoyed a providential preparation for exerting a Christian, world-wide, gentle, but predominating influence. Its inheritance and environment have attracted many of the world's best people of achievement and ambition. America had a new start in life amid surroundings calculated to develop strength. Its driving power has been Christian optimism. In it the ideal man of world-wide sympathy is to be developed. Its experiment of life in the open air of freedom has attracted many millions of men wearied of national oppressi.on and of religious despotism.

If the churches do well their task, the cutting edge of America will be that of a Christian nation whose democracy is the foe of despotism, and whose freedom of life and of faith will become increasingly attractiV€ to those in other lands now oppressed by religious systems. After the great war now devastating the nations, America's influence must be larger than ever. The churches,

AMERICA'S CRISIS AND OPPORTUNITY

therefore, and the missionary organizations uniting to make the nations Ohristian must be strongly supported and generously main- tained in these days, when a civilization that appeared to be Chris- tian has been almost shattered. America reaches out to bless the peoples of the world, daily brought nearer together by science and invention. The evangelical churches of the United States and Canada have the greatest opportunities ever entrusted to groups of Christian believers to extend a knowledge of the Gospel, not only to the incoming millions from other lands, to all in the Latin- American republics of North and South America, but also to the backward and non-Christian of all the nations of the earth.

America has imported through Ellis Island and similar places raw material from all the nations. Some of this raw material of human life is passed through the American picking machiue, carder, spinning-frame, and in the loom the design of freedom and purpose appears in the finished fabric. In this achievement the public school and the churches have worked hand in "hand.

Some of the unpromising imports are diamonds in the rough. They are uneven and require much cutting and polishing by skilful hands on the stones of education and religion. But when this is done they flash fmth the hidden light and find their proper setting in the social and industrial orders. Other imports are so plastic and weak that they need to be mixed with faith and love before they can be safely set in the permanent forms of American Christian life. All of this new human material in the finished state as little resembles its first condition as the bronze statue reminds one of the ores from which it was made.

America's greatest exports are not her grain and manufactures, but her finished spiritual products-men and women transformed by education and freedom, and transfigured by the Gospel of Christ. These redeemed souls will carry America's business methods, liberty, equality, fraternity, neighborliness, community spirit, initiative, brotherhood, evangelistic methods, and the passion for Christian service into all the nations of the world. East, west, north and south, American men and women trained by the Christian churches will be scattered as the living seed of the Kingdom of God, and as residents, merchants, travelers and missionaries will give the world their best.

THE CRISIS THAT FACES THE CHURCHES When we think of the possible Christian conquests of tomorrow there is general agreement" that the churches of today are facing a genuine crisis. America is a place where the forces of evil are doubtless massing to make their attempt to destroy the present economic order. Enemies are at work insidiously spreading destructive ideas and are carrying on their propaganda in

various languages by most skilful methods. Their aim is to undermine the faith of foreign groups of people in the present industrial order. The appeal is directed to the prejudices of those who have the new and fascinating temptations which come with large wages and isolation in a crowd. These apostles of iconoclasm, as skilful emissaries of evil, openly speak to the workmen by their side, and cautiously to strangers, knowing that evil as well as good is a leaven that by an invisible process changes the whole of the lump.

These agitators see that the present social and industrial unrest that follows the war furnish a fortunate time to scatter the seeds of class hatred over a world whose horizons are dimmed by the clouds of enmity. Evil is always militant. Hitherto the saloons have been the meeting places of these agitators. Hereafter the industrial clubs and quiet retreats will shelter their hidden activities. They are not relying, however, upon the weapons of iron, brass and steel, but are experienced in the manufacture and use of high explosives. Their leaders are often the educated rascals of Europe and the discontented foreigners who have slipped into America.

'J'he mass movements in Asia are toward Christianity. The mass movements of Europe and America are, we fear, away from Christianity. The great majority of those who are discontented with the present conditions in America are in the industrial groups. Most of those appealed to by present agitators believe in law and order. They concede that the adjustments needed between labor and capital should be brought about by constant and fraternal conferences between those whose interests seem to clash, but which are in reality the same. The churches of America are largely composed of the laboring people, who at heart believe that arbitration is the only way in which the industrial unrest of today can lead to the industrial faith of tomorrow. Those who have enjoyed the benefits of American institutions, and whose daily life and livelihood are bound up in the struggles of the present time, should stand firmly for a careful examination of all the facts that explain social and industrial conditions, insisting thai they be settled by arbitration. The message of the churches and their members who are in labor organizations should be a note of warning against following leaders who favor an industrial war, that will bring suffering to all parties and lead to no sure and sane results.

The home mission societies in America, alway!'! active in building churches, have a large share through the appeal to the individual and family in solidifying labor organizations which henceforth will playa great part in thoSQ human betterments, and which the world is anxious to possess. No other group in America, in rtIral and

urban centers, will touch so many lives and is in a position to be so helpful to those whose difficulties can be overcome, if a common meeting ground can be found. Why should not the church buildings of America be used as gathering places of all types of organizations that stand for brotherhood and mutual helpfulness? The touch' of Christ alone can settle the industrial unrest in our land. Surely the churches stand for human brotherhood and the worship of a God of unfailing love and justice, and are the centers from which should emanate a new understanding that shall be the oil en the waters in the present seething sea of unrest.

Several d€nominations, through their national missionary societies, are establishing departments of social service to study conditions and create contacts for all types of people. Buildings devoted to Christian social service are also rising in many places. The American Baptist Home Mission Societies already have established such buildings for the Japanese women of Seattle, the Ohinese of San Francisco, the foreign groups in East Hammond and Indiana Harbor in Indiana, the Morgan House for the Negroes in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the Hungarian Home in New York City, the Dietz Memorial in Brooklyn, New York, and the Judson Memorial in New York City. In many other centers these and other societies are planning to do a similar work. Rural social service buildings are to be provided at the cross roads to enable country churches to become community centers. Such buildings interpret the spirit of the Saviour of the world, and assist men and women of different races and classes to feel the healing and unifying power of the GospeL The first Protestants to arrive in America succeeded not so much because of what they brought with them as because of what they were. They reached the strange shores equipped with axe and saw,' gun and Bible, a clean conscience and high thoughts. They established simple homes, necessary schools and plain, commodious churches. Thus these. small groups of pioneers have grown into a nation of a million souls. The regions west of the Mississippi, also, were developed by those who did not leave their religion behind them. The results already seen could not have been brought about if the home mission societies had not furnished spirituallea.ders in the new communities.

Christ's plan is to complete the tasks of the earlier workmen by the toil of the Christians of today. Weare to build the superstructures on a foundation laid by hands now quiet. We must dig for gold in the mines opened in the earlier days. 'We are to macadamize the roads already cut through the wilderness. We must cultivate and harvest what others have planted. Christ alone can make our later work bear fruit made possible by the earlier planting.

METHODS

EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 224 FOURTH AVE., NEW YORK BEST METHODS FOR COLLEGES If the world is to be brought to the knowledge of Jesus Christ, the work must be done in large part by students. The supreme need is not money, but life. Our colleges must become our recruiting stations and our training camps. One-tenth of one year's student body from American Colleges would furnish the entire number of missionaries needed for the whole world.

THE FIRST STUDENT VOLUNTEER search revealed among Denmark's DECLARATION students and young ministers none The first foreign missionaries of modern times were two students. who glimpsed the privilege of being There was no great convention to the first Protestant missionary to the arol1se enthusiasm and to inspire the non-Christian world. Then he heard drawing up or the signing of this of these two German university students who had pledged themselves first student volunteer declaration. No to go anywhere God would send stirring addresses, no inspiring music, them to carry the Gospel. He sought no impassioned appeals from the them out and eagerly they accepted furloughed missionaries to challenge the call. them to a following of heroic leader- So it came to pass that to a ship. Few volumes of missionary royal layman on Denmark's throne heroism save' the Acts of the Apos- was given the privilege of sending tles were on their table. Instead of out and supporting the first modern the stimulating thrill of comrades all missionaries, and to two students about them whose hearts were stirred carne the opportunity of being the by the same great purpose, these first first Protestant missionaries to the two student volunteers were sur- non-Christian world. On November rounded by a Church indifferent to 29th, 1705, they sailed on the ship the great non-Christian world, and "Sophia Hedwig" for Tranquebar, by a faculty and student body who preceding the English pioneer Carey counted them fanatics. Thus met by eighty-eight years. They laid the Bartholomew Ziegenbalg and Henry .foundation upon which Carey grate- Plutchau, the first volunteer band of fully testified that he largely builded Protestant missionaries. his work, and on which all mission- With the burden of the great un- aries to India since that day have saved world on their hearts, these also builded. two students met together and prayed and covenanted "Never to STUDENTS ARE PIONEERS IN seek anything but the glory of God, AMERICA ALSO the spread of His Kingdom, and the The oft told story of the beginning salvation of mankind, and constantly of American Foreign Missions needs to strive after personal holiness no to be repeated to students of each matter where we may be or what successive year.

crosses we have to bear." When On a hot August afternoon, in the pious King Frederick IV of Den- year 1806, five young college students mark became concerned about send- met in a beautiful maple grove near ing the Gospel to the people of In- Williams College, Williamstown, dia, he searched all Denmark for a Mass., to talk and pray about the young man who would go. His great need of India for Christ. At is(} that time there was not a foreign opportunity, the Studerit Volunteer missionary society in the United Movement is planning for a vigorous States and no missionary had ever year of missionary education. Its sailed from America to it non-Chris- progress is to be promoted, as usual, tian land. in close cooperation with the Student Young Men's and Young Women's As the students talked together Christian Associations and with the missionary boards of the various their leader, Samuel J. Mills, plead churches. This progress, which em- braces not only foreign missionary with them that it was possible for the questions, but North American prob- Christian people of the world to give lems as well, involves a variety of the Gospel not to India only, but to methods. all the world. It was then that Mills faced his classmates with the words 1. First and easily foremost is the of consecrated determination that Mission Study Class, or World Fel- have since become world famous- lowship group. Experience has "We can do it if we will." As they shown that this method, though it is talked, clouds gathered and thunder the most difficult, far out distances and lightning foretold a coming all others in effectiveness. Of the shower. The five students hastily courses of study that will come in sought the shelter of a nearby hay- for first emphasis three are in line stack and continued their discussion with the general theme that has been and their prayer. They dedicated chosen for Mission Study in the . themselves to God for the work of churches: "The Conservation of Hu- spreading the Gospel throughout the man Resources," namely, "Medical heathen world. As they arose from Missions" (Lambuth), "A Crusade their knees they saw a beautiful rain- of Compassion" (Allen & Mason), bow in the East which seemed to "New Life Currents in China" them a renewal of the promise of ( Gamewell ) . Other Courses on God's presence and blessing. which interest will be centered are "World Facts and America's Respon- Their plea to be sent to the foreign sibility" (Patton), "The Call of a field finally resulted in the organiza- World Task" (Murray), "Marks of tion of the first Foreign Mission So- a World Christian" (Fleming), "A ciety in America, and a monument Better World" (Dennett), "The Rid- marks the exact. spot on which the dle of Nearer Asia" (Mathews) and haystack stood. The monument "The Goal of India" (Holland). Books on North American problems bears the names af Samuel J. Mills, such as "Christian Americanization" (Brooks) and "Christianizing Com- James Richards, Francis L. Robbins, munity Life" (Ward and Edwards) Harvey Loomis and Bryan Green, will also be featured. the five students who were the first Americans to dedicate their lives to 2. The World Problems Forum is the spreading of the Gospel in the a method that is gaining in popular- great non-Christian world. ity. As its name implies, its sessions consist of an address lasting through COLLEGES AS RECRUITING STA. about half of the hour, and open dis- TIONS AND TRAINING CAMPS cussion from the floor. The atten- dance is of course much larger than }fisslonary Education Plans of the in the Mission Study class. The Student Volunteer Movement themes are connected and are based on a text b00k or a printed syllabus. J. LoVELL MURRAY Reference material is provided in which the members can browse in With the colleges and universities preparation for the discussion of the settling back into normal conditions, with missionary programs of the churches being greatly expanded, with a new international interest spreading among students, with the missionary fields sending across their messages of upheaval and need and

assigned topics. The themes treated average of over sao men. Some of usually relate to the broader aspects the meetings consist of programs of modern missions. The value of given by students, while at others an this method lies in its ability to reach address is given by a professor or a larger constituency than is possible outside speaker. Plays and pageants through discussion groups and to are sometimes given.

popularize and rightly interpret the 7. A wider use will probably be true meaning and processes of mis- made than in previous years of the sions. college paper. Committees will be 3. Lecture courses on Home and assisted in supplying the editors of Foreign Missions will be offered in these papers with a few well selected many institutions. These will· be facts of current importance, crisp given by missionaries on furlough, comments to enlist the public interest, mission board secretaries, returned items relating to student life in non- world travelers, interested professors Christian lands, short interviews with or others who can speak with special visiting missionaries or missionary knowledge of certain aspects of the boards, secretaries, carefully chosen modern problems of applied Chris- quotations setting forth the relation tianity. of Christian missions to the great 4. Larger attention than formerly world problems of the day, brief will be given to the organizing of in- views of notable books on world themes, extracts from letters written dividual missionary reading. The by missionary alumni, and other Committee will secure some of the "copy" which wide-awake editors newer mIssIonary books-travel, will be eager to accept. biography, history, fiction, religion, world affairs-strong, modern, finely S. A similar use will be made of written books, and sign up students bulletin boards. The same sort of to read one or more of them. A material, only on a homeopathic scale, schedule is drawn up and some one is suitable for display on these is responsible for each book, keeping boards. An alert sub-committee it moving from one reader to the should have this interest in charge next. and should see that the material is S. Missions are now finding a attractively displayed, very little at larger part in the curricula not only a time, and that it is changed at least of theological seminaries but also of twice a week.

other institutions of higher learning. 9. Less use has been made of pic- This is due partly to a growing torial material than its effectiveness recognition of the true nature of warrants. Stress will be laid on the Christian Missions, their significance value of photographs, posters and for human progress and their inter- cartoons, as well as graphs, .to set relation with other branches of learn- forth missionary information in ap- ing, and partly to their recent devel- pealing and challenging fashion. Im- opment as a science. Committees ported posters, including the Student will encourage students to elect such Volunteer Movement's set of thirty, courses and in some cases they may dealing with "Christianity and World iilitiate a request from the student Reconstruction," will be displayed in body for classroom instruction in a large number of institutions. Yet missions. wider attention will be given, it is 6. The missionary meeting will hoped, to the production of posters continue to be stressed in the regu- by local talent. Stereopticon lectures lar religious meetings of the college. such as the one prepared by the These meetings are often the most Volunteer Movement on "Christian- popular gatherings held on the cam- ity and World Democracy" will be pus. In one state institution they given in many colleges and univer- were attended in a recent year by an sities.

BEST METHODS

10. Large attention will be di- a group of Chinese students were rected also to the interest of mission- thus introduced to Pennsylvania farm ary literature, apart from the text life and greatly enjoyed the experibooks referred to above. Some of ence. this literature will be reference volumes and some will consist of popu- Chambers of Commerce in America lar books for general reading. Not are awaking to the importance of exonly books will be circularized but tending hospitality to foreign stusome of the best pamphlets as well, dents in their communities. A few including the Movement's "World days ago the Chamber of Commerce Reconstruction Papers." Committees in Columbus, Ohio, entertained at will be urged to see that some of the luncheon one hundred and twentyleading missionary periodicals are five' Chinese students who were made available either in the library meeting in the city in convention; or in the reading room of the Asso- the addresses on this occasion did ciation. very much to strengthen the ties of friendship between the two nations. These methods on the one hand do not exhaust the means which the en- Certain industrial leaders in Amerergy and ingenuity of local commit- ica are inviting foreign students to tees will devise, nor on the other inspect their manufacturing plants hand will all of them be employed and are taking special pride in exin anyone institution. But they are plaining the .welfare activities conall methods that are proving fruitful nected with such institutions; a group and all of them enter into the full of Latin Americans recently visited program of missionary education for such a plant in New England and the coming college year. were deeply impressed by the com- fortable rest room and other facili- HOSTS TO FOREIGN STUDENTS ties provided by the industrial con- cern for the young women in their How SOME AMERICANS ARE MEET- employ. ING THE OPPORTUNITY THE YALE '98 BAND CHARLES D. HURREY In the class of 1898 at Yale Col- Hanover College, Hanover, In- lege, there was a group of very eardiana, has offered a scholarship for nest student volunteers, among whom Christian Oriental students which were five young men who deCided will provide tuition, room and board. that they would devote their first year after graduation to an effort to A young woman student from share their own missionary vision Chile, member of the Catholic with the young people of the coun- Church, was recently entertained in a try. There was the problem not only Christian home near New York City; of taking out a year from the period she was much impressed with the of preparation for their life work, morning devotions conducted by the but also of financing their program. head of the house and after he had However, they were so earnest in gone to take his train for'New York, their devotion' to the cause and in she remarked, "How grateful you their conviction that they should do women in America should be that this work, that they went forward in your husbands are interested in re- faith that the money would be proligion; most of the men in my coun- vided without making a charge on try are totally indifferent to the re- the people whom they intended to ligious life and practices. serve. They had dedicated them- selves to this service, and after con- The secretary of the Young Men's sultation with some wise ad"i!,ors,. Christian Association in Lehigh Uni- like Dr. Robt. E. Speer, they ~egan versity frequently takes a group of .their work. Several times ibeX,were: foreign students in his automobile out in the country for a picnic; recently

without enough money to purchase M. Cairns tells of the way Smith railroad tickets from one city to the girls in America ha:ve been working next, yet never were they unable to for Cinling girls in China.

meet expenses on the whole itinerary, "We have found that we are more which led them from Boston to Chi- successful if we exert our efforts in cago and back. behalf of one definite thing. There- They were insistent that every day fore, we have taken Ginling College the five of them should begin with a as our center of interest. The girls season of prayer and Bible study, and are much more ready to help if they that they should have one day in know just what they are _helping.

seven for rest. "Then Sundays and Missionary appeals are oftentimes the other five days a week were far too indefinite. This year we had filled with meetings, Mondays were slides of Ginling and we always have steadfastly held as days of rest. a speaker who knows something One of the five young men was Law- about it. Attractive little booklets, rence Thurston, of Whitinsville, on Chinese style, containing interest- Mass., who became the promoter and ing information about the college, pioneer !!If the Yale Mission in China. as our center of interest. The girls Another member of the "Yale '98 After such a meeting as I have just Band" was Brownwell Gage, who mentioned we have a drive,-much became Dean of Arts of the Yale like other drives with a definite Mission in Changsha, China. An- quota, etc. This is one of Smith's other was C. V. Vickrey, who has ways of serving and it has proved been the organizer of the Young successful. Another thing which ] People's Missionary Movement which think l.elped a great deal was that extended later into the Missionary we had the foreign students speak Education Movement. Mr. Vickrey at a Christian Association meeting.

also has laeen Organizing Director and this brought them into closer of the Armenian and Syrian Relief touch with the other girls.

Committee which has raised and "Of course we have a publicity sent out some $20,(X)(),OOO, an amount committee who keep attractive post- which is larger than the budget of ers well within the sight of all.

most of the' denominational Foreign Other missionary work is done Mission :Boards. The fourth young through a mission cabinet which co- man, Enoch F. Bell, for many years operates with the Christian Associa- was a missionary in Japan and now tion."

is one of the secretaries of the CHURCH WORK CAMPAIGN AT American Board of Commissioners MOUNT HOLYOKE for Foreign Missions. The fifth member was D. Brewer Eddy, an- By VIiCINIA M. BI,ISS other secretary of the American Why are not more college girls Board. The experience of the definitely interested in church work? "Yale '98 Band" was a remarkable If they are,_ do they know the various instance of the achievements of col- kinds of church work into which they lege men when enthusiastic for mis- can go? To answer these questions, sions, and shows the _wenderfu1 Mount Holyoke students with the things accomplished for the King- assistance of the faculty and par- ticularly of Miss Wild of the Bible dom of God. Department, undertook a church ROB~RT E. HUM~.

SMITH CENTERS ON GINLINCO work campaign. Leaflets of the fol- lowing type were prepared: Some of the American colleges are 1. Religious Education becoming splendid big sisters to the A. Voluntary Service 1. Teacher in church school. struflglin(J young universities and 2. Leader of teachers' training colleges fn Eastern laMS. Miss Betty clas~.

BEST METHODS 88S

3. Director of religious education continued and was brought particu- in small church. larly to the attention of the girls through the college weekly, pesters, 4. Supervisor of curriculum in and notices in chapel and at. meals. This time special lines of work were church school. taken up and the following topiL;S were on the program: S. SupeTVisor of supplementary lit- Sunday-school work, rural (:hur~h erature. work, Biblical geography, dramatiza- 6. Librarian in church school. tion of Bible stories, church. music 7. Chairman of committee for and a summary of church work open to college girls. presentation of Bible plays. The campaign was felt to be worth 8. Writer of modern constructive while. We feel that at college, girls should be preparing for definite serv- literature. ice, and so should have church work brought before them in a form so in- B. Paid Service teresting that they will adopt it as their line of service. . 1 Director of religious education large church.

2. Teacher in Daily Vacation Bible School.

2. Home and Foreign Missions A. V'lluntary Service 1. Teacher of mission study classes.

2. Leader of mission bands.

3. Director of mission study.

4. Speaker at informal missionary gath erings.

eS.. Field secretary. pageants SECURING AN AUDIENCE FOR A Director of missionary MISSIONARY AT VASSAR and exhibitions.

B. Paid Service 1. Home missionary. By MARGARET S. Hou.n 2. Foreign missionary.

3. Secretary of a mission board. We are all agreed that it pays to advertise, but the method is worth 3. Special Activities within the Church. considering. Are your meetings well attended? What sort of pub- A. Voluntary Service licity committee have you? Here is a system that has proved most suc- 1. Chairman of publicity commit- cessful during the past year. Its or- ganization may be seen from the fol- tee. lowing diagram: 2. Director of church music.

3. Supervisor of church school equipment.

4. Chairman of special committee.

B. Paid Service 1. Pastor's secretary or assistant.

2. Parish visitor. MISSIONARY COMMI'l'TEE 4. Church Social Service Chairman A. Voluntary Vice-chairman Entertainment 1. Lea d e r 0 f Americanization Corresponding Sec. Committee classes. Publicity 2. Leader of organized church Committee school class. Hall Chairma,n 3. Leader of clubs. Hall Divisions or groups.

4. Leader of young peoples' society. All the work of preparation for meetings is attended to by the M ect- S. Research worker for surveys ings Committee. The chaitmari,ilis responsible for the work of, three and statistics. vice-chairmenwhci attend' respec- These leaflets were distributed in college and each girl was expected to tively to engaging the speakers;: PI'(I)- fill out a blank stating the work viding for their enterta~nmeMtI' and which she would prefer tJ do. giving proper publicity to their meet- ings. Under the vice-chairman' head- In the fall, the campaign was be- ing the publicity division arc': lline gun with meetings on general sub- girls, one at the head of eachd'Orniijects as, "The Church of the Future," tory, and each of these has. in turn, by Dr. Tippey, "The College Girl's about ten girls serving on her: hall Place in the Home Church," by divisien of the committee. President Woolley, and "Achievements by College Women in Church Members of the hall division'3are Service," by Mrs. Helen Barrett appointed to look up material about Montgomery.

In the winter, the campaign was

coming speakers. "Notes on the believes in God and in His commis- Noted" are then published in the is- sion and is willing to keep constantly sues of our Mi$cellany News preced- at the work of enlisting others. ing· the meetings. On the bulletin Miss Fleming mentions some of the boards in the halls there are trans- things she has seen successfully parent envelopes labeled Meetings done: Committee, in which advance infor- mation is put regarding speakers. POSTERS. There has been a great The hall-divisions read the notices, demand for these in colleges. One are primed with facts even before has put them in the postoffice. One the Miscellany comes out; and when has them in the different halls, someone says at the dinner table, changing them about once a week so "Who is this man, anyway, that's they attract more attention. going to talk at Christians' tonight?" some member of the committee is THE TIME DIFFICULTY. Other handy to tell Who's Who. colleges may find suggestion in the way in which Hastings College, Ne- And then attractive posters have a braska, met the time difficulty in place in the psychology of advertis- making their program. In this col- ing. One or two are put in the lege there is a daily chapel period. Post Office where everyone must see The faculty consented to give this them when waiting for mail. And period on Friday morning to the one is posted outside each dining students for their World Fellowship room door where people can't miss groups, extending the time ten min- them as they're coming out from utes. The whole college was sub- divided into Mission Study Groups meals. so that all students attended the Then the committee of one hun- classes. The work was in charge of the students and the usual methods dred that's been working up a meet- were used. 'ing goes to see what it's like; and the rest of the college wants to OPEN MEETINGS. One of the find out if the speaker is what he is most inspiring open student volunteer cracked up to be. meetings was one in which each vol- unteer presented the. needs of the The publicity for all the activi- country to which she was going. ties of the Association, with the ex- ception of the meetings, is under the USING THE REVIEW. Some col- direction of a separate Publicity leges are making splendid use of the Committee, one member of which is Missionary Review of the World. responsible for the Bulletin Board,' The Signs of the Times, Editorials where pictures and notices of the and News make excellent material various activities are kept posted, for minute-men speeches in current another for the Association shelves events. The articles furnish the best in the College Library, another for material for keeping Mission Study the reports in the Miscellany News classes up-to-the-minute in world and so on. This is the central com- happenings. The Best Methods De- mittee which is the real publicity de- partment is a mine for the mission- ary committee. One girl I know cuts partment. it out each month and binds the parts together as a book to hand down to HOW SOME OTHER COLLEGES the next committee. Often there are WORK items or quotations that are especially good for the bulletin board. Miss May A. Fleming, Traveling EXPRESSIONAL PROGRAM. Many Secretary of the Student Volunteer colleges give especial attention to ex- Movement, who sails for Japan this pressional programs at the close of month, has done much to help col- the course, including a debate be- leges to better missionary methods. She reports no difficulty in getting tween classes and a play or pageant. plans put into successful operation where there is even one student who

Woman's Home Mission Bul1etin

EDITED BY MISS FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, NEW YORK, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS HOME MISSION WEEK methods that have been both popular and successful in the great war- By M. KATHERIN£ B£NN£TT President of the Council of Women for time drives. Home Missions The time chosen to be designated "HOME Missi.on Week is an at- as "Home Mission Week" was in tempt to Impress upon every November, the week immediately preceding Thanksgiving, when the man and woman of every church of nation is called to give thanks for every evangelical denomination in the mercies of the year. It seemed this country the supreme importance a fitting time in which to tum the of saving America for the Kingdom thoughts of Christian people to the of God, and to convince them that need of their land; to ask them to they have a distinct personal respon- translate their gratitude iIi terms of sibility in the performance of this service for it. The three months' stupendous task." educational campaign was conducted by Mr. Charles L. Stelzle, whose fine No less a challenge to the churches publicity work developed large quanthan this was made by the Home tities of specially prepared literature Missions Council and the Council of and of programs adapted to the use Women for Home Missions when of larger and smaller churches alike, they originated and developed plans to the rural as well as to the city for a special interdenominational church, and to the various organiza- Home Mission Week in 1912. The tions within the churches. This matwo Councils were at the time less terial was circulated throughout the than four years old, but they were United States through the Home vigorous and progressive and they Mission Boards whose cooperation had already come to the realization assured the success of the week. of all that they had in common and that their service could be most When the period arrived preparaeffective when cooperative. It was, tions had been well made; 'and so therefore, together that they sought splendid was the response that from for some method by which there many directions came insistent demight be a new awakenment of the mand that the two Councils continue churches in the interest of Home their service in furthering an annual Missions. Home Mission Week. From 1912 through 1918, with the exception of It was recognized that a simultane- 1915, this November week has called ous presentation throughout the the people of the churches together country would challenge attention. for prayer and thought in behalf of But trained speakers to cover .the this land. It has not been necessary in whole territory were not available. the succeeding years to map out the These must be prepared for the task, elaborate plans and to prepare literathat when the week of concentrated ture of such variety as were needed effort should come, leaders and for the launching of the new enspeakers should be ready in every deavor; now the people know of and town and village. "Home Mission wait for the simple programs that Week," said the first pamphlets, "will are issued by the Councils. be the culmination of a campaign of publicity and education covering a Of late years a special Home Misperiod of three months." In the sion topic has usually been chosen plans as they were finally developed as the subject for presentation and, there was a foreshadowing of the when possible, this topic has been 887

affiliated with that chosen for the 4. The Delbriick Law passed by Ger- Home Mission study of the year. many in 1912, whereby a citizen of Ger- This has, made available the literature many could retain his citizenship in Gerprepared by the educational depart- many after taking out naturalization paments of the boards and has had the pers in the United States. added advantage of concentrating attention on one phase of America's S. The laws of states that permitted need. For the last two years the citizens of a country with which we were annual Day of Prayer observed by at war to vote in those states. the Women's Missionary Societies, and for which the Council of Women 6. The provisions of the Flood Bill prepublishes a special service, has been sented at the last Congress which proheld during Home Mission Week. posed to deal with this question.

Thus the third week of November 7. The law excluding Chinese from has come to be looked upon in many citizenship. churches of many denominations as a rallying time, when national prob- 8. The law under which Japanese are lems and national evils are prayer- excluded from citizenship. fully faced by the Christian Church, and when she sets herself anew to 9. The laws regarding citizenship of the winning of the land for Christ. women.

SUGGESTIONS ON THE NEW 10. The exact provisions of the bill pre- TEXT-BOOK pared by the National Committee for Con- structive Immigration Legislation. "Christian Americanization, A Task for the Churches" 11. The exact provision of the so-called Literary Test Bill. By MRS. HALLIE LINN HILL 12. Present bills before Congress deal- Chapter III • ing .with Immigration.

This entire chapter may well be The Duties of Citizenship should given over to a study of citizenship, include: and the material analyzed as follows: 1. An understanding of our language. 1. The foreign language press, 2. An understanding of our laws. 3. An understanding of our history. schools, societies, and churches; their 4. An understanding of onr institutions. effect upon citizenship. 5. A desire to uphold law and order under our government. 2. Laws regarding citizenship. Chapter IV 3. Duties of citizenship. The fact that there are in the Assimilation is arrested United States 1575 publications in I. On the part of the foreigner by: (a) Inability to speak English. 38 tongues with a combined circula- (b) Persistence of Old World ideas. (c) Persistence of Old World habtion of 10,982,000 is of supreme im- its. portance only when we consider that (d) Self interest of their own lead- ers. the readers of these publications are 2. On the part of Americans by: either citizens or prospective citizens (a) Lack of a National policy. (b) Lack of a Community policy. in a Republic, in which the vote of (c) Greed for gain on the part of one man has the same value as the some business enterprises. (d) Exploitation on the part of vote of any other man. politicians.

Study of the laws regarding citi- An open discussion may be stimuzenship is omitted from the chapter latjng on the statement on page 93: in the text-book. This study should "The slums of our great cities are include: not created by foreigners, the fore- 1. Our naturalization laws, igners are forced there by circum- 2. The possibility and practice of securing fraudulent naturalization papers. stances." The slums of many cities 3. The laws of states that permit men who are not citizens to vote, even for were once fashionable streets where the President of the United States. dwelt the leading families. Ques- tion: "What would be the condition of your street within six months if foreigners fresh from the Old World moved into one-half the homes."

Why? Contrast Old World ideas of life with American ideas.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

A Community policy should IU- WHAT YOU CAN DO FOR dude: THE FOREIGN-BORN WOMAN 1. A comprehensive housing plan to As a Society make slums impossible. 1. Appoint an Americanization Com- 2. Effort to make use of what the for- mittee to find out what is being done in eigner can contribute to enrich the com- your city and to formulate plans by munity life. which your society can cooperate with ex- isting agencies. A National policy should include: 1. Protection of the immigrant-our fu- 2. Through educational authorities con- duct classes in language, cooking, sewing, ture citizen-on his or her journey. etc., if necessary having the mothers 2. Protection at destination. bring their little ones to be cared for 3. Protection from sharks of' their own by those of your members who will volun- teer for this phase of the work. race. 4. Protection from fake employment 3. Urge and bring about-through your own society, if necessary-the appointagents. ment of home teachers who will visit the S. Protection at work. homes, lead interest toward school and 6. Protection by education. sympatheticalIy and patiently try to cor- 7. Protection in courts. rect un-American home standards. 8. Protection from politicians. 4. Establish through community actiCilfl Salient points on many of these civic reforms that will work f'or the betthemes can be brought out in .a de- terment of living conditions, congestion, bate on: "Resolved, that un-Ameri- housing, sanitalion. can conditions are produced by Americans." This may be arranged S. Reach foreign-born women in indusas an evening meeting, thus interest- try through fair employers and the Chaming the whole church. There are de- ber of Commerce, demanding for them cidedly two sides to the question, fair treatment and proper facilities for and the negative should make a comfort and efficiency. study of the business enterprises employing sweat shop labor. These are 6. Conduct educational campaigns, esthe most oppressive of all and it will tablishing information bureaus in immibe found that these businesses are in grant sections on Naturalization, Voting, the hands of foreigners who system- Home Economics and Child Welfare. atically oppose all legislation which American organizations undertake to 7. Reconstruct some part of the proremedy the evils. Study the for- gram oof your missionary meetings in oreigner who has become foreman in an der to interest the foreign-born woman, industrial plant and his attitude to- and thus bring her in touch with the acward the men under him. Study tivities of, the church. conditions in various cities, tracing the sorrow and suffering caused by 8. In short, make your church and your failures of private banks, run by their woman's work a center of Americanizaown people, through which the poor, tion, and thus show that the union of trusting immigrant has been system- many nations into one nation has for its atically robbed. basis Christian brotherhood.

National and community policies As Individuals comprehensive enough to remedy most of the existing evils should be 1. Be neighborly-encourage her to evolved by Americans who love their come to your home to see how you cook, country. Give out the assignment to care for your children and your house. some of the men and women of the church to outline their ideals of such 2. Help her through your kindness, fairpolicies. Arouse public opinion and ness and sincerity to understand Ameridiscussion. can life and customs–our homes, our schools and our institutions.

3. Through your appreciation of her, help others to appreciate the true worth of these women from across the sea and the fine things of the countries from which they come.

4. Teach a class in the English langnage to a group of immigrant women, getting your introduction through the schools, the settlements, or your own church.

5. Help her in as many other ways as possible to keep pace with her busband and American-born children.

6. See that the sanitary conditions of the stores, houses, streets and vacant lots in the section in which she lives receive

the same attention from authorities as others, the .spirit of the obedient sol- they do in your neighborhood. dier of the Lord Jesus Christ, the Commander. 7. Adopt a special family, and "be a big sister to it through sunshine and shadow A PAGEANT OF DEMOCRACY (15 and joy and torment and work and play cents) published jointly by the Coun- and make it your contribution to Ameri- cil and the Missionary Education can unity." Movement, is closely linked to the theme of the year. Careful direc- 8. In all that you do, interpret Amerka tions as to costumes, which, by the to the foreign-born woman and her fam- way, are very simple, are appended. ily in terms of Christian love so that their Americanization may be a Christian THE TEXT-BOOK SUPPLEMENT (10 Americanization. cents) by Mrs. Waid, for use with "Christian Americanization," is most "This is patriotic service due your land stimulating. For each chapter there from the women this land has blessed." is an introductory thought, analysis, questions, program based on the text- "This is patriotic Christian service due book, program with references from your Chdst from the women He has set many sources, and a list of sug- in this land to be a blessing to all other gested themes for study. The books lands." mentioned as references make a valu- able addition to the bibliography in "We can reach women in their homes the text-book. There are also nu- less by organization than by personal serv- merous general suggestions, original ice, less by system than by sympathy; ideas for special meetings, material less by crowds than by quiet talks over for programs, suitable poems, and a the babies." serviceable list of pamphlets and bul- letins on Americanization, including "America will become Americanized just leaflets published by the various mis- in proportion as American life finds its sion Boards. place at the fireside." Margaret T. Applegarth in the "The immigrant came to us in a spirit LEADER'S MANUAL (10 cents); to ac- of adventure with romance in her heart company CALLED To THE COLORS, has and with something of the spirit of the based the program for each chapter crusader-otherwise the little home could upon the acrostic R E C R U ITS, not have been broken up and the perils of and there are suggested drawings, the big ship and the terms of a new land handwork, a word pi, blindfold faced. games, a star hunt, a poster party and other delightful exercises. The "The welding of a nation is a big ad- "Take Home Envelope" (10 cents) venture and those who take a hand in it contains six cards to be colored. must welcome the dangers and the risks and the unknown and un foreseen perils This literature, published by the with joy and enthusiasm and imagination Council, may all be obtained from and courage, never doubting the outcome the women's constituent denomina- always willing to pay, and always ready tional boards and societies. for the new day's work." "Bring thy best, for He is kingly From 0'1Americanisation 01 the Poreign-Born Bring thy offering full and free; Woman" a leaflet published by Woman's Board of Home Missions, PresbyterianJ U. S. A. Thou canst never match His bounty For He gave His life for thee. THE STUHY BOOKS Oh, to give with glad thanksgiving, CHRISTIAN AMERICANIZATION, A Freely, freely, we receive, TASK FOR THE CHURCHES, by Char- Counting this our crowning blessing- That He gives us power to give." les A. Brooks, presents a we'!-lth of -Selected. material on national unity, national morale and idealism, foreign lan- guage problems, assimilation, evi- dences and motives of arrested assimilation, the process and progress, agencies and promotion of Americanization and the responsibility and task of the Church. CALLED TO THE COLORS by Martha Van Marter, for Junior readers, stimulates in young people the com- rade spirit; the spirit of service to

FROM MANY

NORTH AMERICA Bureau tor Christian Americanization Bolsbevls' Sunday Schools THE General Board of Missions of the Episcopal Church has in- A CCORDING to Mr. W. C. augurated a branch of activity to be Pearce, director of the New called the "Bureau for Christian York State Sunday-school Campaign Americanization," and has outlined a for funds, the American Sunday- program under the three divisions of schools, during the war, suffered a Preliminary, General and Particular. loss in membership of about 1,000,- 000, and careful surveys show that The preliminary work of the Buthe delinquency of youths has rap- reau will be to obtain information as idly increased. Mr. Pearce points to the Church's previous and present out the fact that in one of our work among immigrants and its large cities announcement has been further needs; to consult those almade of plans for inaugurating 300 ready at work on the problem; to Bolshevist Sunday-schools, and that conduct a pUblicity campaign; and to a catechism has been printed which make available all publications on the is evidently for distribution through- general subject. The general work out America, and is especially de- will be to act as a center to coordisigned to reach the children of our nate and invigorate existing and to £.oreign-speaking population. The suggest new work; to arouse the necessity for extending religious edu- Church to personal responsibility and cational work needs no elaborating. aggressive action; to become known as a clearing house of experience, ad- Efficiency In Home Missions vice and encouragement, and a cen- ter of supply. Among particular en- APLAN for re-grouping vacant terprises, it is the intention to publish churches has been put into effect instructive pamphlets, bilingual tracts by the Southern Presbyterian Church, and hymn books; to provide adequate and after two years' trial in Tusca- training for workers and cooperate loosa Presbytery has proven very ef- with port chaplains. fective. A few years ago, some forty churches in this Presbytery The Living Church. were receiving aid and all were vacant. Rev. A. G. Irons was ap- Welsh Presbyterians Vote tor Union pointed field secretary to survey the field, recommend re-grouping of WHEN the Triennial General Aschurches and make every-member sembly of the Welsh ,Presbycanvasses. A number of groups terian Church met recently at Racine, consisting of four or five churches Wisconsin, it took a vote of indiwere asked to accept for one year vidual congregations on the question as supply some one chosen by the of organic union with the Presby- Committee. .At the end of that time terian Church, U. S. A., and found the supply might either be removed a vote overwhelmingly in favor of or a definite call extended. union. A Committee was appointed to complete the plans for the merger, The result has been that at pres- and a report will be presented in ent only one group of four churches May, 1920. is without a pastor, and this group will shortly be supplied. Salaries The Continent. have been put at a minimum of $1200 and parsonage. Furthermore, Home Mission Institute much of the former rivalry and dis· sension has been eliminated. ONE thousand, one hundred and sixty persons registered for at- tendance at the Home Missions In- 891

stitute, held at Chautauqua, New Need 01 the Man in Prison York, August' 16-22, at which the AFORM of Christian service which general theme "Americanization" na- has been too largely neglected is turally resolved itself into the more that for the inmates of penitentiaries missionary one of "Christian Ameri- and prisons. Only the combined and canization." Missionaries present de- determined effort of Christian agenscribed their work -among Indians, cies can cope with a situation which Negroes, Porto Ricans, Mormons and is truly a menace to American life. foreign-speaking peoples. Miss Ishahara San of Tokyo, a student of Co- Various investigators estimate that from 1,000,000 to 1,750,000 persons are committed to jails and work- lumbia University, spoke from the houses each year. From thfse ranks point of view of a foreign sojourner come those who are finally sent to in, America, and emphasized the great prison. The most conservative esti- mate gives the number of men reneed of Christian Americanization. leased from prison annually as 200,- Practical MIsslon Study Class OOO-probably it is nearer 500,000.

T II E Neighborhood Church of A comparison of figures is inter- Pasadena, California, ventured esting. The United States Bureau the experiment of a Mission Study of Education reports a total of 244,- Class on Wednesday evenings, and at 005 men being trained in our various the first meeting a local fireman who institutions of higher education in happened to be present was so im- 1916 and 765,652 in preparatory and pressed with a reference to Harry high schools. During the same year, F. Ward's book, "The Gospel for a reform schools contained 61,095 in- Working World" that he remarked mates, prisons about 500,000, while that the boys in the fire department jails, workhouses and other penal in- stitutions enrolled perhaps 1,500,000 would be interested in that. From more. Thus, our prison-trained men this tentative suggestion, well at- outnumber our college-trained men tep.ded meetings at the Fire Com- more than two to one.

pany's, headquarters have resulted. Prisoners' ,!id Societies are doing Several chauffeurs have joined the much to assist the prison men in firemen. securing employment, but are very The men have led, various persons rarely able to win for them a place in being called in for discussion of the church life of the community. It specific topics. For example, an at- is not enough to find such men a job, torney, a manufacturer and a Chair- Apart from the dynamic of Christ's man of the local Americanization Gospel, there is no force which can CQmmittee were among those who transform these men as they come participated and brought fact from out of prison into honored and their several experiences which bore trusted citizens. Corrupt politicians upon the topic in hand. One tan- and organizations like the I. W. W.

gible result, at least partially due to are ready to welcome them, and soon tqese sessions, has been the guar- they are found again within the antee of the Sunday rest for fireme!1, ' circle of crime. At a time when all a. measure which became operative the turbulent forces of the world July 1. seem to be unleashed, the problem of Altog,~~~,er) the eight weeks' serv- the prison inmate cannot be ignored, ice in the tire House has quickene@ a new spirit of ,friensll!n~ss, l,ld ,!llk Tl)e Baptist Board of Promotion A der~tan~iing between" pe()pr~…"o~ ,iii~, T the Northern Baptist Convenferent mterests and has, prnveO ,~~- , tion, which met in Denver last nently worth while. .' May, a General Board of Promotion , ' 'The Congregationalist. was appointed, composed of repre-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

sentatives from every state affiliated Iy visits, distributed 17,560,124 vol- with the Convention and from every umes and held 607,831 meetings.

department of the ;ienominational The Tract Society, moreover, has work. At the beginning of each a keen appreciation of the needs of year this board will present a com- our own country and of the world in bined budget which, when adopted the great work of reconstruction by the annual convention, will be made imperative by after-war condi- apportioned among the State organi- tions. It realizes the perils of the zations and by them among the in- baneful teachings and practices that dividual churches. are obtaining too largdy in our own At Denver, a $6,000,000 fund was land, and more especially in foreign completed and a $2,000,000 gift was countries, and is fully conscious that received from Mr. John D. Rocke- only through the printed page carry- feller. Emulating the Southern Bap- ing the saving truths of the Gospel tist Convention,· the Northern Bap- can the dire effects of evil literature tists adopted a proposal to raise be counteracted.

$100,000,000 in the next five years New Rockefeller GUt for benevolences and church work at home and abroad. The goal was MR. John D. Rockefeller has conalso set for sending out in the next tributed $2,000,000 to the Min- five years 228 new missionary fami- isters' and Missionary Board of the lies and 225 single women into the Northern Baptist Convention. No foreign fields. Other advance steps restrictions were made as to the use included the increase of missionary of the principal and income, which salaries, better provision for mission- will be spent in caring for indigent aries' children and seventy-five mis- Baptist ministers of the Northern sionary automobiles. A resolution States.

was also passed providing for the This gift increases by half the publication of a national Baptist $4,000,000 Endowment Fund, the innewspaper. come from which is now being used In response to an offer from the to support "not the veterans of the Southern Baptists a joint commis- battle, but the wounded and "those sion will henceforth direct coopera- who have fallen by the wayside"

tion in the education of the negroes.

Christian centers are also to be es- Freedmen's Mission in Alabama W tablished in districts where foreign ILCOX County, Alabama, is perhaps one of the c:::-~:~~; languages are spoken and in industrial centers. spots in the whole South. One may possibly get some idea of tLe char- American Tract Society acter of this darkness, and of its AT the ninety-fourth anniversary density, from the fact that although of the American Tract Society, there are more than ten thousand held in New York last May, great Negro children of school age in the stress was laid upon the reports of county, the appropriation for their the campaign for evangelizing the edl1catif1t1 was considerably less than foreign-speaking element in the ft UT ' llOusand dollars; that the United States. 5ch' is for colored children are open During the year the Society's mis- ab ut three months during the whole sionary colporteurs have made 143,- ~ ~ar, and the teachers 'are paid from 553 family visits and distributed 72,- twc;nty to twenty-five dollars per 374 volumes of Christian literature mOnth.

and conducted 5,028 religious meet- The United Presbyterian Church ings. Since the Society began this has five stations located in this line of service its missionary col- county, employing more than fifty porteurs have made 19,102,415 fami- workers, and is spending more-than

six times as much money for Negro their door. The average attendance education in this one county as is th" at the Simnasho, Oregon, Indian whole State of Alabama. Through Mission for a year was one out of these, nearly fifteen hundred students seven, and some of the members live are being reached and through these eighteen miles from church. Some students many of whom become who came most faithfully live ten teachers, hundreds of homes are be- miles away. ing made better. New Jersey Pine Belt Mission to Mormons I N the Pine Belt of New Jersey, THE Utah Gospel Mission, where during Revolutionary days, founded in 1900, was the out- Tory and HeS'sian hunted and fought, come of a study made by pastors in a recent investigation shows that Utah, and a consultation with thousands of men, women and chil- Christian workers in all the outlying dren are living there, who are cut off regions as to the most effective from all that makes life worth while. means of reaching Mormons. The Though they are surrounded by a western work is threefold: first, to highly developed civilization, these visit every home and spend at least five thousand people are living witha half hour in personal, religious con- O'lt proper schools, without churches, versaton ; second, to supply every or even the Bible, without books or home with a copy of the Bible, and periodicals, without ideals. They third, to hold one or more meetings might well be called "The Without in every settlement, at which the fun- People." damentals of religious truth are presented and decisions urged. Several A Christian mISSIOnary reports churches have resulted from this that they have an intense desire for work. Other Sabbath School work better things and as a result the gives promise of developing into a churches have awakened to this mischurch later. sionary opportunity, so long ignored. There is now a clamor among these As proof that the Mission is people for good roads, rural delivery, stimulating the Mormons in the use better schools, for the missionary and of the Bible, and making them feel the Bible. the need of defending their position, the fact is cited that three new books The superintendent of Synodical on the Bible have been issued by Missions of the Presbyterian Church Mormons within three years, and visits the "Piney" people, preaching are widely used in their Sunday- and teaching and visiting the sick. schools. Although missing. no chance A woman helper goes from settleto give a Mormon turn to everything ment to settlement as nurse, teacher possible, it is encouraging to find and friend. Plans for better meththem using the Bible even imper- ods of farming are under way, and fectly. assistance is forthcoming for better means of communication with the Indians Good Church Attendants great world, for whatever helps the people to help themselves is real and THERE is less Sabbath desecra- practical Christianity. tion, proportionately, among the Indians than among white people. Mexican Ministers Make Plans . Indians are' also more given to church attendance. Portland, Ore- DISCUSSIONS of the problem of gon, recently boasted that on a given Americanization at a joint con- Sunday one out of every seven of her ference of Presbyterian and Methodpopulation attended church. But the ist Mexican ministers in the Southtest was made on a fair day, and west, held at Albuquerque, N. M., in the city dwellers had churches at August, revealed an appreciation of the immense task of making American

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Christian. With a new spirit of con- The Methodist Church of Canada IS secration the ministers pledged to go carrying on a three-fold work for back to their work with a new enthu- these people in Toronto-social, edu siasm for the cause of Christ. They cational and evangelistic-adapted tt adopted a definite educational pro- suit immigrant life and conditions. gram along financial lines, and Gratifying growth along all lines is pledged themselves to win during the reported. The Sunday-schools have current church year 1,000 new had an enrollment this year of more souls for Christ. Last year 382 than 200, and about 120 children are were added to the rolls of Mexican registered at the day schools. churches. LATIN AMERICA The Continent. Restoration of Guatemala. lfission Tooker Memorial-For Chinese Children THE Presbyterian Board of For- ON the outskirts of Oakland, eign Missions is arranging for California, is a School for Chi- the reconstruction of the buildings in nese children. Under direction of Guatemala destroyed by earthquake Miss Cameron, it has outgrown its in December, 1917. The Woman's old frame building and has over- Board has raised over $8,000 to reflowed into an annex. On a five- place the hospital, and has approacre lot given by Captain Robert Dol- priated $10,000 to maintain the lar, the new $150,000 Tooker Me- work. morial is to be erected, through the generosity of Miss Mary R. Prices have increased in Guatemala Tooker, to accommodate at least one even more than in the United States, hundred children. The buildings and workingmen's wages have gone will include a main school building, up from 100 to 400 per cent, so that a nursery, an infirmary and several the work will not be without its difficottages. culties. There wab never so bright an outlook as now for missionary Chinese Church Adopts New Era work in Guatemala.

THE Chinese Presbyterian Church Tract Distribution Brings Results has taken up the New Era Movement. Twenty-six persons were THE value of systematic tract disreceived into membership at the last tribution is strikingly evidenced communion service, one of whom in an interesting report given by was a leper. The Chinese pastor, Mr. E. Grey, of Buenos Aires, who with two of his elders, went to the left England in 1905, and has since county hospital, baptized and received been carrying on an evangelistic work him into membership. in the country. He says: "We early appreciated the efficacy of systematic Italians iu Toronto tract distribution in the increased at- tendance at the various meetings. TORONTO has about 6,000 Ital- Several young men always took out ians, most of whom come from a large number of tracts for distri- Southern Italy, where oppression and bution, and as they took each mornmisrule have hindered industrial de- ing a different route to business, velopment. There are some barbers, many thousands were distributed. tailors, musicians, etc., among the The effect on the attendance was Toronto Italians, but the great ma- electrical. From fifty or sixty the jority belong to the pick and shovel hearers increased to two hundred stratum of society, and although il- and even more, and this number was 'literate they are not unintelligent. sustained even when meetings were Those who are not wholly indifferent held nightly. Many were converted to religion are atheistic or violently and can be seen in the assemblies to opposed to religion under any name. this day.

The customs of the country fur- has taken steps to raise funds to meet nish opportunities which the workers this urgent need. This is doubtless are quick to seize. In all countries but the beginning of a larger move- where Roman Catholicism is the ment of this kind.

State religion it is customary to visit the cemeteries on All Saints' Religions Toleration in Spain F Day (Nov. 1), and from the .grave IVE hundred delegates from all parts of Spain and from many of the departed to declaim to the onlookers his or her virtues. From foreign countries gathered in Madrid the graves, therefore, of those of the May 7th to celebrate the reaction evangelical faith occasion is made from religious intolerance toward not only of preaching the Gospel, but freedom of worship. This was the also for the distribution of thousands first large interdenominational assem- of tracts." bly to be held in Spain, and the meet- EUROPE ings were essentially inspirational. North Africa, France, England, Ire- How Many Bible Readers? land, Scotland, Mexico, and the Ar- A BRITISH writer in the London gentine Republic were represented by Daily Chronicle, who is described speakers who took part in the meetas "an authority on religious teach- ings. At the close of the final meeting," makes the startling statement ing a set of resolutions was passed, that less than two thousand of the directed to the government, and askforty-five million people in Great ing for complete religious liberty, Britain read the Bible. Conclusion with especial reference to civil maris arrived at by a method of division, riages, to the secularization of cemestarting with the number who hear teries, to the removal of requireparts of the Bible read on Sunday. ments upon soldiers and sailors to at- These he puts at five million, exclu- tend certain masses, and to the sive of children. This number is removal of the requirement of examdivided by ten to exclude those who inations on Catholic doctrine before pay no attention to what they hear; entering government schools.

and another division by ten, to rule out "scrappy readers," brings the Rel1gions Freedom. in Germany U number down to 50,000. This is NDER the new Constitution of Germany which has become effurther subjected to shrinkage to include only those who have an intel- fective, all citizens of the country ligent conception of "the setting of are to have freedom of belief and the Bible," and the last and severest conscience, and there is to be no test involves the question as to what State Church. Freedom in educa- the Bible is, and its relation to ethics tion is guaranteed to every citizen, and humanity. and all men are to have fundamen- How would these tests apply to tally the same rights and duties m American readers? the State. Rank is abolished, so also are titles of nobility.

Bibles Wanted in France HE French Bible Society of Why No Love for Ammca T France has asked the American OLAND is sorely stricken and P Bible Society for twenty thousand needs help from American Chris- French New Testaments to be tians. The sentiment of some of shipped immediately. The explana- the people also needs to be changed.

tion is that the curiosity and interes. The following illuminating dialogue of the French people were awakened took place between a student and a by seeing that almost every Ameri- Polish native a. few years ago in a can soldier had a copy of the New village of Poland where many of the Testament. The American Society workmen had been in America:

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

"How do you like America?" New Y. M. C. A. Secretary for Cairo "I hate your country." THE University of Chicago has raised funds for the support of "Hate it? And why?" a Young Men's Christian Associa- tion secretary for Cairo, Egypt. "All they want of us in America This is regarded as the best avail- able center open for work among is our muscle. I hate it." the Moslems. It is a strategic point as well as the educational center of "Ouors is a great country. We the whole Mohammedan world. This is a part of the National Stuhave the finest school system in the dent Movement for funds aggregat- ing five hundred thousand dollars world." this year for work in foreign lands. Yale, Princeton, Smith and the "That may be. I was never in University of Wisconsin already have their representatives in China. one of your schools." McGill University has a representa- tive in Ceylon and Wellesley in "My country, too, is a land of Japan. The women o(the Univers- ity of Chicago are assisting in the religion, of churches." support of a worker in Madras.

"I was never in a church in Amer- United Presbyterian.

ica." The Jews in Egypt "Why not?" SINCE the time of Abraham, Egypt has been a place of refuge "N a one a,sked me to go. I was for the Jews. There are now, ac- corsJing to the last census, 60,000 there six years." Jews in Egypt, and their influence is far in advance of their numbers. "Well, what do you think of Jewish children attend many of the mission schools, especially in lower American homes?" Egypt.

"I was never in an American In Cairo, a mission to the Jews is being carried on under the direction home. I slept in a bunk house, ate of Rev. Paul Nyland. Friends of the Nile Mission Press will be inat an eating house, and worked all terested to know that, in addition to its many other activities, it is asthe time-seven days a week, twelve sisting in work for the Jews, and furnishes a center where converts hours a day. I went to America a and inquirers meet, and classes are conducted. Educational work for strong man. I came back broken Jews is also maintained in Alexan- dria. The majority of the Jews in down in health. All your country Egypt are poor, but, as in other countries, their industry and pawants of us is our muscle. I hate tience are remarkable.

it t" The Expositor. INDIA MOSLEM LANDS New Commisslon on India New Use for Missionary Map A COM MIS S ION from the ASMALL girl clothed in a mis- o churches of Great Britain and sionary map of the world made America has gone to India to study an unusual spectacle among the war the aims and methods of missionary refugees in Persia. Dr. E. T. Allen, who has recently returned from his work in connection with the refugee camp at Baqubah describes her as follows: "Her mother had picked up somewhere a big square of cotton c!othprobably on the premises of the American Mission at Urumia, where many thousands of refugees were sheltered during the massacres, and, not knowing what it was, made out of it a dress for her child. The result was that one morning the relief workers at Baqubah were startled by the appearance "before them of. a tiny form labeled in huge black letters, 'Missionary Map of the World.' "

education in the village:; of the dustrial boarding schools. New country, and to formulate proposals style looms bought by the church for more adequate and united effort and sold to families on payments on the part of the Christian Church treble the income of many houseto meet the existing need. The holds and lift ,them quite out of the census of 1911 showed that about slough of want. And it goes witheighty-three per cent of the Indian out saying that this advancement Christian population was illiterate, of the Christian populace disseminand every week some 2,000 illiterate ates a powerful influence of amelpeople, the Bishop of Madras esti- ioration over all the life of their mates, are being "swept into the district. churches." The commission, with the Rev. A. G. Fraser of the Church The Continent. Missionary Society as its leader, Dr. Indian Students in Sympathy wlth D. J. Fleming, Mr. Mason Olcott and Christianity other members, are studying successful educational methods among THE newspapers of India are pervillage communities in those coun- forming a noteworthy part in tries in America, Japan and the shaping student opinion in India, Philippines before going to India. and student opinion has an impor- tant bearing on the political situa- C. M. S. Review. tion. The English press, edited by Indians, is read by a very small Modern Miracles proportion, even of the illiterate, of India's population; and there are DR. G. Sherwood Eddy considers only 300,000 of India's 300,000,000 the work founded ten years ago who can read and write English. at Dornakal and still conducted by This includes the entire student Bishop Azariah, the most note- population. worthy example of Christian foresight in all India. Dornakal was There seems to be great symchosen as the center for this work pathy with Christian teaching, espebecause of its apparent hopeless- cially among the educated classes. ness. Even in comparison with In- Such opposition to the Christian dia's universally depressed condi- Church as has existed has been tion, Dornakal's degradation and chiefly to it as a foreign organizamisery seemed complete. It was tion. The idea that the exclusive into this weltering distress that claims of Christ conflict with the Bishop Azariah, first native of In- things that are fine and good in dia to be admitted to the episcopacy their own Indian civilization is one of the Church of England, brought which seems to have gotten a severe the transforming Gospel. No for- hold on the educated Indian. It is eign missionary works there, no necessary to emphasize the fact that foreign contributions go into the Christ is an international figure. treasury, but here are some of the results. Personal Evangelism in India The children of these late illiter- DR. George Sherwood Eddy and ates are now receiving thorough the Rev. William J. Hutchins primary education in schools which the parents themselvel:: are main- have recently been on an evangelistaining. The economic condition of tic 'tour in India, with the special the Christian community shares the purpose of seeking, with God's help, improvement so noteworthy in mor- to vitalize and organize the Indian ality and intelligence. Wea,ving, Christian Church and so to awaken carpentry and agriculture are the it for a great forward movement occupations mainly open to the peo- that it will help to win India more ple, and each of these is taught by speedily for Christ. Each day meetmodern methods in the bishop's in- ings were held among Christians and non-ChriSitian students. In

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Lucknow, 600 Indian Christians be nothing idolatrous in the prowere gathered in one union meet- ceedings, the missionary and the ing. In the evening there were lec- resident French priest consented to tures to non-Christians–Hindus, have a part in the affair, which took Moslems and Sikhs-who listened place in the temple to the god of with deep attention. war.

In Lahore, meetings were held in .The entrance was draped with Forman Christian College and sev- French, American, English and eral non-Christian students decided Chinese flags, and the whole asto follow Christ. Similar results sembly was required to make three followed in Allahabad and other bows to the flags. centers. "Then came the strange part," Important Work in Burma says the missionary, "I was asked, in the name of the whole assembly, MORE than 15,000 converts have ,to offer prayer with thanksgiving been baptized on the Kentung to God for the termination of the field in Burma and across the bor- war and the prospect of peace. der in China during the past four- And there, in that great heathen teen years. The. story of Ainan, temple I stood, with the officials and a Buddhist priest, typifies the influ- soldiers and influential men of the ence that an individual life may country, and our backs to the idols, exert. This priest was an opium under the clear, open sky, and victim and later joined a robber prayed to God of Heaven, and gave band, engaging in many raids across Him thanks for His great mercy _to the border. At the time of the us and all the nations-and there Lahu movement in Kengtung, when was a great silence during the an entire village was transformed prayer." by the Gospel, he came to the mission, broke away from the opium Chinese Laborers Home Again habit after a ten days' struggle, and became a sincere Christian. As a WHEN the Chinese laborers re- Gospel preacher he has shown re- turn from France, they are markable power, having won at greeted by friends and strangers with least 500 souls for Christ in his a perfect volley of questions. A evangelistic work. He speaks flu- Y. M. C. A. secretary reports a ently the four most important lan- conversation with a group of these guages on the Kengtung field. The men as follows: church ov~r which he has been pastor for nine years has a member- I asked how their health was, as ship of 175, and is most efficient is polite, then asked if they had a along all lines of Christian activi- Y "Over There." They replied alties. most in unison, "Yu," meaning "have," or, in this case, "Yes." In one of these districts, a visit- "What did they do in the Y. M. ing mIssionary was welcomed with C. A."? I asked. "Oh, bing gar" (bisthe words: "If we have any cus- cuits), "yen giang" (lectures), "yang tom not in harmony with Christian hsi" (phonograph), "kan shu" (readteaching, point it out and we will dis- ing classes), "cha ging" Bible study.) card it." "How was it?" I asked. "Hen hao" (excellent), they.replied. CHINA Recognizing the importance of Celebrating Peace In China crystallizing the efforts put forth for these men in France, the Y. M. C. A. AM1SSIONARY in Western China are working along four lines: first, studying the villages and counties – describes in The Life of Faith, from which the men have gone to how the end of the war was cele- France; second, employing a suffi- .brated in his province. After being cient staff to accompany the men to assured in advance that there would

their home towns; third, establishing A ~l1~slc'" ,'Y Invited to Lhasa R. Stephen J. Corey, of the Mis- M recreation and lecture centers along sion Board of the Christian the railroad and fourth, planning for church oversight of the men as soon Disciples, tells a remarkable story of as they reach their homes. a missionary physician, Dr. A. L. Foreign Mail. Shelton, who has been working for Christian Integrity In China many years in Batang, in the west- ern confines of China, near Tibet. TWO men in South China stand He has used every opportunity to out as notable examples of gain favor with the Tibetans who Y. M. C. A. accomplishment in devel- came into his region, treating their oping Christian character. One is wounds and illnesses at his hospital the ex-civil governor, Chu Ching in Batang. His chance came after a Lang, who officiated at the opening of the Y. M. C. A. building. He battle between Tibetans and Chinese.

was offered a bribe of $500,000 if he He went with helpers out on the bat- would give his consent to a harmful tleground, took care of the wounded, movement, but absolutely refused to stayed by them and dressed their touch a penny of the money and wounds, and, best of all, intervened sternly opposed with all his influence or acted as mediator and brought those who were promoting the peace between the fighting factions.

scheme. The other was Mr. Tse Kei The Tibetan general reported his Uen, a Congregational minister, who acts when he returned to Lhasa, and since the revolution has been the presently Dr. Shelton received an president of the provincial assembly. invitation to come and practice medi- He used all his power to prevent the cine in Lhasa. He has accepted, and passage of the bill creating the started the work which will probably gambling monopoly. When it was open all Tibet to the missionary.

passed in spite of him he immediately The Christian Express.

resigned his office, stating to the as- sembly that he refused to act any JAPAN-CHOSEN longer as chairman of a body of men A CaD to Three Rellglons M who would be guilty of such a crime. R. Tokonami, Japanese Minister Keeping TaUy with Conscience of Home Affairs, has revived the project of uniting Shintoists, THE story is told of a Confucian Buddhists and Christians in a na- in Honan who was accustomed tional scheme. His recommendations to the governors of prefectures are to check up his conscience thus: He had three bags in a row,-the briefly: (1) To nourish a healthy right one with black beans in it, the spirit of nationality; (2) to develop left with yellow beans and the other public spirit and a spirit of sel (- empty. When he did something his sacrifice; (3) to encourage the nation conscience rebuked him for he put a to educate itself that it may be re- black bean in the empty bag and a newed in accordance with the general yellow one when he did some spe- tendency of the world; (4) to cause cially good act. At the end of each people to live in harmony and co- month he counted the beans in the operation j (5) to foster habits of center bag and if the .black pre- diligence and thrift.

dominated he set about doing acts of Such movements show that many merit such as buying live fish and people are realizing that the one setting them free until he telt he had great power to meet the problems of evened things up. Then he went on the present day is religion. It is for again with the tally. This was be- the ambassadors of Christ to show fore he became a Christian. Japan that not only spiritual prob- Record of Christian Work. lems, but matters of practical politics

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

find their solution in allegiance to "You do well to spread the Gospel, Christ. the Catholic printing presses only produce miserable little pamphlets C. M. S. Review. about this or that saint, and only propagate stupidities and supersti- Opium Ordinance lor Korea t~ons." THE recent Opium Ordinance for Korea amounts to a Japanese Jewish families bought copies of government monopoly. It is esti- the Pentateuch and Psalms, but remated that Japan does not use more fused the Books of the Prophets. than 30,000 or 40,000 ounces of Some Moslem fanatics were encounopiu!TI a year, yet official trade re- tered; one was not content with turns show that in 1915 she imported merely tearing the copy of the Bible 358,543 ounces, in 1916, 558,812 he had received, but burned it in the ounces and in 1917, 600,229 ounces. presence of the missionaries. But in The Edinburgh Anti-Opium Society spite of all opposition, all the books published the statement that in one were sold, and more could have been year Japan furnished 18 tons of this disposed of. The trip occupied two pernicious drug to the Chinese peo- months, covered a distance of over ple, and the statement has not been 2,300 kilometers and resulted in the challenged. It is now claimed that sale of 3,000 copies of the Scripthe importation has greatly decreased, tures. but on the other hand, cultivation of the poppy has increased. Hundreds President-Elect 01 Liberia of poppy fields are seen in Korea. THE newly elected President of In the new ordinance for Korea, Liberia, Mr. C. B. D. King and Art. IV provides that if the opium brought in by farmers does not con- his wife, have been in America as the tain the standard amount of morphia, guest of the United States Governit shall be destroyed without pay- ment. Mr. King will be inaugurated ment. Many of the new regulations on the first of January next. He are put into the hands of the drug was educated in the College of Limen and the police, the chief offend- beria, and was elected President ers in the past. while in Paris as Commissioner from Liberia to the Peace Conference. AFRICA His father was a native African.

Evangelistic Tour in North Africa The policy of the United States to- ward Liberia, and the appreciative I N February and March, Mr. P. attitude of that country concerning Nicolle of the North Africa Mis- this policy, signify great things for sion, and Mr. Rolland of the French the future. It is believed that the Evangelistic Mission made an evan- determination to establish a Negro gelistic tour of over 1400 miles to Republic modeled in miniature after southern Algeria. More than six the United States will be assured. months were spent in preparation The churches of the United States for the trip, and it was only with which have missions in Liberia are the greatest difficulty that a stock of to be important factors in the new Gospel "munitions" large enough for day. the need could be procured. Many Southwestern Christian Advocate. towns and villages visited were without a single witness for the Gospel Giving Out 01 Poverty of Christ. "THE African native is poor be- This colportage trip was full of yond words to describe," writes encouraging incident. A young priest who had come in contact with Prot- Methodist missionary John R. Gates, estantism while serving in the East- of Umtali, Rhodesia. "No house but ern Campaign said to Mr. Rolland: a mud hut. No furniture but a reed mat. No dishes but clay pots. No

clothing but. a goat's hide. No food ful office building known as the "Misbut cornmeal porridge. No machines. sion Memorial," a Ford car for each No implements. Yet he gives to the field secretary, substantial churches work of the Master. At the out- and Sunday-schools financed by station he builds the church, the Christian business men-these are school house, the pastor-teacher's some features of the work. The dehouse and kitchen, and a house for scendants of the early missionaries, the missionary to live in when he who date back to 1820, have formed visits the place. He gives of what an association which now numbers money he can earn. He gives grain nearly a thousand-most of whom or anything else he may possess. In a recent offering one native brought are greatly interested in missionary a good helmet that he had bought work.

with his hard-earned money, and which was the pride of his life." The Western Pacific Missionary Conference for South Afrl,ca THE conference of the Australian Board of Missions, together with AMEETING of the Sub-Commit- tee of the Executive of the Gen- the quarterly meeting of the board, eral Missionary Conference of South which has recently been held in Syd- Africa was held in St. Andrew's ney, is likely to rank as one of the Hall, King William's Town, on July most important in the history of the 11th, 1919. A General Missionary Australian Board of Missions. The Conference for South Africa was Board of Missions has now definitely recommended to be held in 1921. planned to increase its missionary ac- tivities amongst the islands of the It was resolved to ask the Trans- Western Pacific. Efforts will be vaal Missionary Association, the made to secure cooperation between Transkei Missionary Association, and the Church in Australia and the the Natal Missionary Association Church in New Zealand in the task each to appoint a Commission to pre- of evangelizing the native races of pare a report for the General Mis- the Western Pacific. sionary Conference on Social. Eco- Among the many resolutions nomic and Legislative questions af- passed by the Board of Missions the following will be of general interfecting the progress of Christianity est: and civilization among the natives within their bounds. Each of these "That the New Hebrides should be Commissions is to be advised to con- under British control, and that the fer with native ministers or other na- appeal made by the Presbyterian Astives versed in the subjects under dis- sembly towards this end should be cussion. reenforced.

The Christian Express. "That the dioceses in the Church of England in the Western Pacific ISLAND OF THE PACIFIC should be immediately increased, and Modern Methods In HawaU with the cooperation of New Zea- THE Hawaiian Evangelical Asso- land, steps should be taken to this ciation is doing successful mis- end. sion work among the Hawaiians, "That the Australian Board of Filipinos, Chinese and Japanese in Missions appeals for a thank-offer- the islands. It is responsible for ing of £30,000 to be used primarily scores of Sunday-schools ar;d to help the Church in Australia to churches and the efficiency of the or- rise to its increasing and pressing re- ganization is worthy of emulation by sponsibilities in the Western Pacific all similar agencies. Modem meth- at this momentous and critical time."

ods cf office administration, a heauti- Australian Christian World. De si•r e Duty So often they are opposed. Perhaps they seem irreconcilable- You want to help the splendid BUT You have your wife-perhaps work of Missions; you want a dependent relative–to proyour money to serve humanity vide for. If you devote your by advancing the Kingdom of 'IIOney to the Church, who God- will ful611 this obligation?

Stop worrying-your problem has been solvedI Desire and Duty go hand in hand in Life Annuity Bonds By investing in these bonds a steady income for life, without care or worry, is guaranteed to you and your loved ones. Your money is protected from inexperienced management and unwise speculation. After the death of the beneficiary it will be used for the great work of Kingdom Extension by both the Board of Foreign Missions and the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension.

For complete details of the plan address: George M. Fowles. Treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 150 Fifth Avenue. New York city. or W. J. Elliott. Treasurer of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 1701 Arch Street. Philadelphia. Pa.

Plf"a.s~ mention TH:t MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to adver'l'lsers Nine Reasons for Home Missions First is the Immigrant. We call him the great Amencan Problem. Who knows but that he is the great American hope~ Open the door of opportunity. that he may learn the ways of Democracy and the Kingdom.

Second is the American Farmer. In a thousand neighborhoods. old and new' you find him at his work. striving to build up Christian communities wherein the church. securely planted. holds up the Way of Truth and unites all' men in worship and service.

Third is the Southern Mountaineer. For a century he has been shut off from the march of progress. Now the great War has opened up the 'World to him. All that he needs is opportunity and leadership.

Fourth is the Mexican. He does not love us and we do not love him. But he is here. If he remains what will we do with him? And if he returns what lessons will he take back with him?

Fifth is the American Indian. .Thousandsof his people have not yet heard our Gospel. Is it our will that the First American should be the Last Christian?

Sixth is the Latin-American. He is our friendly neighbor. bound to us by many ties. We have taught him the value of the free church and school. and through them ideals of Democracy. He still needs our leadership, our help, and our Gospel.

Seventh is the Alaskan. There is an empire in the making. Our missionaries first brought)lim .themessage of Christianjty.. There is yet much land here to be possessed.

Eighth is the Lumber Jack. In the vast forests he is at work, shut in to a hard lonely life, shut out from the comforts and safety of home. Only our missionaries have come to him with the Word of Life.

Ninth is the Pioneer. Wherever the frontier is, there is he. on the edge of the unexplored. his face to the West. Into the vast. imperial stretches of the hinter-land he presses on. planting his home and blazing the trail for the civilization that will follow. Where he goes, our missionary must go that the new land may be truly the Promised Land of the Kingdom.

To win all these to Christ and thus to make America Christian for the friendly service of the world is the task of Home Missions.

Presbyterian Board of Home Missions 156 Fifth Avenue, New York Please mention Tale :r.t:JSSIONAllY REvn:w OB 'I'Hlt: WO'Rl.D in writina tn .11.,….;…..,.;. Motion Pictures for the Church The General or Individual Problems are Solved by the AMERICAN EDUCATIONAL MOTION PICTURE ASSOCIATION 69-71-West 90th Street, New York, N. Y.

Pr'lid8llt, AileD S. Willi.qt" Director Rep- The American Educationf!.1 Motion Picture Association tile Study Society twenty-two yean, provides an organiiation' for concerteil.. effective work by lecturer and wri~pr, ethnic, anthropo- all who appreciate the value of the educational and relig- logical a.nd zoological subjects. ious motion picture as well as of clean. moral dramatic and comedy productions' for amusement and entertainment Vice-Pre.ident, George_ J. Z.hrual, Director and mind relaxation–with particular a.ttention to the in- fluence of the moving picture upon the child mind. ~~!:rY~!D~M~~~s ~i~~~i:~ ~~~ci~ tio~. . It is a Bureau of Information and of Aid to advance this work in every essential manner. Vice-Preaident Marlaret l. McDonald, Edi- tor, Educational DepartmeZ!t, HMov_ It is to strongly advocate. and materially aid. the installa- ing Picture World.n tion of the motion picture projection machine in the Class room and the Church for entertainment and instruction Vice-Pre.ident, T. Gilbert Pear••n, Secretary and in the Club. the Community Center. the Settlement and similar institution~. National Association ot Audubon So- Further. itis to develop means of supplying these machines cieties. with the necessary -and proper pictures.

Eneutiv. Secretary. A. D. V. Storey. Supply and distribution must be created and advanced if any progress is to be made i'n the Educational and Re- ADVISORY COUNCIL- ligious fields. and this work must be done by different minds than those now directing production and distribu- Edward W. Stitt. Chairman Visual Instruc- tion in the theatrical motion picture industry. tion Committee. National Educaional Associatien. MEMBERSHIPS, CONTRIBUTIONS OR DONA. TIONS REQUESTED. H. H. CasselmaD, Graphic Department In- FILM FOUNDATIONS MAY BE ENDOWED, pre>- terchurch World Movement. . ducing desired Motion Pictures For the Religious or Edu- cational Fields. G. Clyde Fisher, Associate Director, De– partment of Public Education, Ameri· CAPITAL INVESTMENTS. Opportunities already exist for profitable investments in the field of Religious and can Museum of Natural History. Educational Motion Pictures. Information upon re~uest.

Robert C. Deming. Director, Department "The Christian Herald" September 27, 1919.-lf it of Americanization, Connecticut State is possible for mor.ey 10 lalk in religious mailers as it does in Board of Education. malerial affairs, we are verging on unprecedenled forwardness of big mocemenls i" Ihe Church. If Ihe Church h3S discovered any C. ~~n~Di;isi:nc~fr~d~~a~~:alPE~~~~: grealer medium Ihan Ihe "Mo?ie" screen for Ihe hoped·for sion. United States Bureau of Educa~ spreading of Ihe Chrisl message, Ihe Church has yet 10 make tion. known Ihal medium.

Dolph Eastman, Editor. ~'BducRtion81 Film , Magazine."

Joseph Hopp, Chairman. Committee on Motion Picture:!! Chicago Board of Education.

Howard R. Garis. Author… Uncle Wiggily Bedtime Stories,"

Mrs. William Einstein, President, New York State Association of Child Welfare Boards. Lloyd Van Doren. Chetnical D~partmen~ Johns Hopkins University.

J. P. Brand. Managing Editor. — Reel and Slide Magazine."

Dr. Maximilian P. E. Groszmann. Founder and Educational Director. National Association for the Study and Educa- tion of Exceptional Children.

MEMBERSHIPS Founder …………….$1 ,000 or more Patron ……………………..$500.00 Life Mernber……………… $100.00 Member…………… $10.00 per year Associate Member…..$1.00 per year Please mention TJI. MISSIONAllY Rl:VlIW OF 'tHE WORLD in writing to advertisers The American Baptist Home Mission Society HAS ORGANIZED WORK IN Homes Schools Churches PROVIDES A DYNAMIC PROGRAM FOR CHRISTIAN AMERICANIZATION Among ALIENS, INDIANS, NEGROES, and Sows the Seed of CHRISTIAN DEMOCRACY IN CUBA, PORTO RICO, MEXICO and CENTRAL AMERICA For information concerning any of the above or in regard to Will., Legacies and Annuities, write to CHARLES L. WHITE, Executive Secretary 23 East 26th Street New York, N. Y.

Old Bi hi es Re-Bound Haven't you often wanted that old Bible re-bound-that old Bible with all its associations and sentiment? You have wondered where you could have the work done, and perhaps you have thought the price would be high.

You can have your Bibles and Hymn Books re-bound inexpensively and well-leather or cloth. as you prefer.

Send me your Bible by parcel post insured-I will send you an estimate of the cost subject to your approval be- fore the work is done. If this estimate is not satisfactory, I will return your Bible without charge.

R. H. HOWLAND 156 Fifth Ave., New York Please mention THF: MISSIONARY Rltvntw OF 'I'Ht WORLD in writing to advertiser.

XIII

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The Moody Bible Institute Addre.s__________________________________• ____.. – – — —— — – – ….— – ——— ———–……-. ,——————- —'———————- DepL5788, 153 Institute Place,Chicago, Ill. ….. Pl~a8e mention THE: MISSIONARY RIWU;W OF 1'H. WORt.D in writing to advertisers the mark THE MISSIONARY UBRARY of a book written to World Facts and America's Responsi- meet a need bility. By Rev. C. H. Patton, D. D. 12mo. 236 pp. $1.00. Association THERE IS a growing feeling Press. New York, 1919 that the books of Association Americans are joyously antici- Press ·are books published "for me"-that they really pating new opportunities for trade; are "Books with Purpose, the nation is seriously considering written to meet a need." the new international relationships that result from the war; the Have you these NEW books? Church and the State are studying the remedy for industrial and so- Marks of a World Christian cial evils at home-will American Christians see and accept their D. J. Fleming (Cloth $ .75) responsibility ~Qr giving the Mes- sage of Christ to all the 'Yorld? That One Face (Cloth $1.25) Dr. Patton is hopeful. He be- Richard Roberta lieves that the next few decades will show a rapid spread of the Inter~ention in Mexico Christian religion, and that Ameri- ca and Great Britain are called of S. G. Inman (Paper Boards $1.50) God to lead off in the movement to make Christ supreme in the Democratic Movement in Asia world's affairs. To impress upon' thoughtful Americans their re- Tyler Dennett (Cloth $1.50) (sponsibility, ten facts are present- ed in ten chapters, namely: The Roger Allier (Paper Boards $1.25) Renaissance of Asia, The Decad- ence of Non-Christian Religions, His Parents The Extension of Christianity, The Fight of East and West for Religious Experience of Israel a Common Cause, the Desir:e of the East for America's . Help, William J. Hutchins (Cloth $1.90) The Breaking of American Isola- tion, The Fellowship of Amer- Hearth and Altar (Cloth $1.25) ica and Great Britain, The Growth of World Democracy, The Rise of O. L. JOlleph New Idealism, and The Girding of the Church for Her Great Task. Between Two Worlds These general statements are well supported by concrete facts that JD.hn Heston Willey (Cloth $1.25) make the volume an excellent basis for study and discussion and. for Ask your bookstore the development of new and longer or write to us programs.

ASSOCIATION PRESS "The World's Social Evil." By WiJliam Burgess. $1.00 net. The Illinois 347 Madison Avenue, New York Vigilance Association, 5 North La Salle St. Chicago, 1919. This unpleasant subject is one with which it is absolutely neces- sary for Christian workers both at home and abroad to deal with can- dor and with courage. When vice is ignored it thrives and multiplies in a ruinous way. The time has come when Christians must fight this evil with all their might. .This Continued on page xv Pleue mention THll 1416&IOHAllY R,iVrlw 01' TH'l WOXI.D in writing to advertisers· MISSlr,iIARY LIBRARY The Contihued from page xiv book is written b>y a high mind,~d Underwood-Dixon Christian, a master of the Gospel, and the Direct.)r of the Illinois AMERICANIZATION SERIES Vigilance Association, who has devoted years of painstaking labor Teaches patriotic citizenship and love of counand study to the subject. It gives try; but that country must be a free country; an invaluable historic review and a country where law and order reign supreme; study of related problems, the ef- a country where, because of its adherence to forts that are being made in var- justice according to law, the saJety and ious lands to combat the evil, and happiness of its citizens are made secure, and the steps that should be taken to every individual has the opportunity of win the victory. Dr. Graham Tay- developing the best that is in him, without lor of the Chicago Theological regard to race, color or social standing. Seminary says in the Foreword that "the total effect of the cum- It must be a country where anarchy, mobulative facts and force of this law, and the designing few are unknown, volume IS to dignify the war because Justice-the supreme end of all against vice as worthy of the .government-is administered with exactness, world's united effort, and as a according to just and equitable laws, enacted chivalric appeal to ~ach one's by the people and carried into execution by knight errantry." them, or tbeir representatives, in a lawlul way. Japan at First Hand. By Joseph 1. C. Clark. Illustrated. 8vo. 482 It must be a country, the government of pp. $2.50 net. Dodd, Mead & which is a representative democracy, resting Co. 1919. primarily upon the will of the whole people, There is .a large amount of ma- constitutionally enacted, and lawfully exe- cuted. terial in this profusely illustrat"d book of facts and impressions. Mr. Our Clark is not an authority on Japan and the Japanese, but a traveler who Americanization Course visited the east and writes with much self-confidence on what he Visualizing United States History saw and thought he saw. The book has literary merit and touches on covers the six most important periods in the all sorts of subjects-farming, fishing, silk and tea culture, education, Evolution of Freedom sports, horticulture, religion, theaters, fine arts, journalism, politics, Make your bookings now. business, antiques and war. If he does not know more of these sub- 6 sets of 50 beautlfullycolored slides jects than he does o.f Christian mis- each, one rental, With manuscript $5.00 sions, his ignorance is extensive, and yet he writes with great assurance SelUng price complete with manuconcerning both geishas and missionaries. To the former he devotes a script, per set $75.00 chapter, to the latter a few lines; and his estimate of the geisha's charac- Lecture Sets for Sale ter is much more flattering than his reference to ~he missionary. He We must make room for the constantly knows neither of them. growing number of new sets and are therefore offering a number of complete lecture sets at Mr. Clark saw Japan under J apan- a discount, ranging from 25 to 75 per centese guidance and naturally saw at a price les~ than cost. Send for particuthings from a Japanese viewpoint. lars. Price list in preparation. Korea .he considers a "model of Special Overstock Offer Send for particulars of our special over- stock dearanre offer. Slides at eight to twenty-five cents each in lots of 10, 25, 50 and 100 on many countries and subjects. Large values while they last.

UNDERWOOD & UNDERWOOD Dept. "MR"

417 Fifth Ave., New York City .Continued on page xvi Pleue mentioD TIlII IIPIJIIBJOlfAllY RllnJCW O. I'll. WOUoD in writl", to adnrtisen MISSIONARY LIBRARY CHRISTIANIZATION Continued from page xv OF THE IMMIGRANT IS colonial uplift." His observations NECESSARY TO may be "first hand," but his facts are second hand and his one or tWD AMERICANIZATION statements in regard to Christian missions show a lack of sympathy Itinerant and a lack of information. "Chris- Evangelism tianity," he says, "has made litt].. progress." For reliable first hancl is the method used most effect- information on the many subject~ ively in GIVING THE the author essays to treat we must look elsewhere. GOSPEL MESSAGE TO The Little Daughter of Jerusalem. By FOREIGN-BORN CITIZENS. Myriam Harry. 8vo. 289 pp. $1.90 E. P. Dutton & Co. New' York, 1919. Myriam Harry, an unusual girl, born in Jerusalem, has told her story in the form of a novel. She was the daughter of a converted Jew and an ex-deaconess, and depicts her life and thoughts· with vividness and power, but without definite purpose.

THIRTY MISSIONARY Morocco After Twenty-five Years. By COLPORTEURS, reading and Robert Kerr. 8vo. 364 pp. lOs. 6d. speaking the languages of nearly Murray and Evenden. London, 1912. . all the European peoples, are doing personal work in their The very captivating and iIluminat- homes, besides conducting ing story of the late Dr. Kerr's med- mISSIOns, orgamzlllg Sunday- ical missionary work in Morocco. He schools and classes for Bible knew and loved the Moors and was study, distributing Bibles and loved and honored by them. other Christian literature. Unfoldings in Romans-A Simple Ex- An immediate increase in our position of Chapters 1-8. By Robert force of itinerant evangelists is Thompson. 138 pp. Morgan and Scott urgently necessary. London, 1919.

For further particulars write This practical study of the episto tle does not seek to displace more erudite and bulky commentaries, The Missionary Department but is designed to furnish the lay Presbyterian Board of Publication and Bible class teacher and Gospel worker with a better understand- Sabbath-School Work ing of the apostle's message. In- stead of referring constantly to the Witheupoon Building, Philadelphia, Pa. opinions of scholars, the epistle is interpreted by parallel passages, and thus the Bible is made to throw light on itself. Frequent outlines and summaries of. the ar- gument help to make the exposi- tion pointed, and more easily re- membered. One leaves these un- foldings with the wish that the au- thor had finished the epistle.

Please mention TH:l MISSIONAlty Rxvn:w o-g "H,JC WonD in_writing. to advertisers The Hymnal for American Youth Edited by H. AUGUSTINE SMITH A BOOK OF THE NEW ERA ~Ol Hymns and Tunes. One-fourth of the hymns bear on the new world order.

23 on Conflict and Heroism 19 on Missions and World Peace 14 on Human Service and Brotherhood 15 on Church and Religious Education 14 on Freedom and Justice 12 on Love and Loyalty 20 on Patriotism and Democracy 12 on Purity and Self-Control Strong sections devoted to Easter. ~ife !,nd Ministry.of Ohrist, ~ature. Patdotfsm. Civic Righteousness. Democracy and World Peace. A nch liturglCa.1 sectlpn, contatnlDg many shorter forms lor all services. bUilt on the pril. iple of graded worship. The mecha.J.ca.l fea.tures a.re 80S nea.rly perfect as it is possible to make them. Price $60 per hundred. Transportation additional.

FOR THE The American Hymnal CHURCH SERVICE Edited by W. J. DAWSON, D. D.

Excels ..II others hefore the Church in well-rounded section., especially on the Fatherhood of God, the Life or Christ, Brotherhood and Social Service.

The American Hymnal w..~~!·;n'r;)~oo:uo!:..~~~rc~r~;::p:~:~~~l~:£lt~~:~em"l meetings.

726 Hymns, Chants and Responses, Origina ICommunion and Baptismal Services.

Send for returnable copies before buying a neW Hymn Book.

THE CENTURY CO., 353 Fourth Aver,ue, New York City Did You Ever See a American Motherhood BLIND BIBLE? For Every Home in the Land We have Bibles for the blind, also in 5J Ian Recognized Authority Oft guages. Some immi- grant, soldier, sailor, or The MOTHER poor person is waiting The CHILD and for a Bible. Will you The HOME supply it? $1.25 per Year Send your donation .today. With Mfuionuy Ravlew, $3.15 Every kind of Bible for sale; Oxtord, THE ARTHUR H. CRIST CO. Bagster, Cambridge, Holman, Nelson, at eo.p..town. N. Y. SPECIAL DISCOUNTS.

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Free Literature NEW .YORK. BIBLE SOCIETY 675 Macli_ A.,.. . NEW fORK (1l0th year) THE PHILOSOPHY OF WORLD UPLIFT "[f [ could find somewhere in space a fulcrum. and had a lelJer long enough. I could /ift the world.-An Old Philosopher.

The Discovery of America furnished world-leverage as in the United the FULCRUM. States. To make America Christian is the The LEVER.is found in the utter- true philosophy of World Uplift. ance of Christ-"And I, if I be lifted up from the earth, will draw The Home Mission enterprise, with all men unto me." Bible and Cross, is the hand of God to this end. Only the power of the Gospel of Jesus Christ can lift this world to He who speedily does most to extend the God – designed moral and the Gospel in America does most spiritual heights. to secure for America the' great- est and surest leverage for the Past and current events show that no place has the Gospel so great spiritual uplift of the world.

HELP HOME MISSIONS'

Adjust the Fulcrum. Use the Lever. Lift the World THE BOARD OF HOME MISSIONS of the United Presbyterian Church of North America, R. A. HUTCHISON, Cor. Sec'y, 209 Ninth Street. Pittsburgh. Pa.

Please mention 'PH. MISSIOlfAlty bVliw 0" 'l'U. WOJU.D in writin& to advertisen

Composition of Coca-Cola

and its Relation to Tea ""'j Prompted by the desire that the public shall be thoroughly informed as to the composition and dietetic character of Coca~Cola, the Company has issued a booklet giving a detaiIed;auaIysis'of its recipe which is as follows: '

Water, .terilind loy boiling {car6onateJ}; _gar, granUlated; fir.t quality; fruit flavoring emact. with caramel; acid fla_ing_", citric (lemon) and phosphoric; ••••ne. 01 t.a-th. r.fre.hing principle.

The following analysis, by the late Dr. John W. Mallet, Fellow of the Royal Socjety and for nearly forty years Professor of Chemistry in the University of Virginia, shows the comparative stimulating or refreshing strength of tea and Coca-Cola, measured in terms of the refreshing principle: Black tea-I cuplul. …… '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. 1.54 (lot) (5/1. oz.) Green tea-I gla../ul…………………………………….. Z.OZ (8 ft. D& e:a:c:lu.siu 0/ ice) (cold) Coca-Cola-I drink, B R. oz. ……..•……………………•… I.ZI (fountain) (propared ,.ith 1 /I. 0 •• Surup) Coca-Cola-l drink, B R.oz, ………………………………. 1.IZ (poepared ",aA 1 /I. 0 •• Surup) (bota",.) an From the above recipe and analysis, which are confumed by chemists who have analyzed these beverages, it is apparent that Coca-Cola is a carbonated, fruit-flavored modification of tea of a little more than one-haH its stimulating strength.

A copy of the booklet referred to above will be mailed free on request, and the Coca-Cola Company especially invites inquiry from those who are interested in pure food and public health propaganda. Address The Coca-Cola Co., Dept. J., Atlanta, Ga., U. S. A.

Your Heroes

81YUt NO. tI. . SID: JOXAZ 1_81 SURELY you; will honor permanently thoae brave lads who went from your i Church or Sunday . School to help de- fend our country in the most stupend- ous of all wars and , you have been won· i dering how to most appropriately re- place your tempor- ary service flag..

The finest testi- monial that you could erectis an ex- quisite has reliefde- sign of indestruc- tible Liberty, Bronze which faithfully repro- duces the sculptor's hest workmanship and is in tnie ac~ . cord with recog- nized fineart stand- ards.

We make many handsome designs, each tablet being individually made tocontain the prop- er number ,of hon- or names, also an inscription of your own choosinl.

"Liberty Bronze" Honor Te8timonials, in addition to being best for the purpose. cost less than other bas reliefs of inferior appearance.

Write for iUustrated Catalog No. 17 A, stating number of stars in service flag and character of organ- Ization contemplating erection of testimonial tablet.

Liberty Bronze Works General Offices: 112 W. 40th St. 'New York UKNOWN FROM COAST TO COAST"

The Missionary Review of the World — November 1918

A In;VVSY SCENE IN THE CORNER OF ONE OF THE MARKETS IN BOGOTA

MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL. November, 1918 NUMBER XLI. TEN SIGNS Of THE TIMES NEW INCENTIVES FOR HOME MISSIONS T HIS war is a war of ideals, even more than it is a war of armies and of material resources. Ohristian ideals must be kept regnant, they must spread among the people if we are to live at peace and to make progress. Americans are recognizing more today than ever before that we must be homogeneous in spirit, however unlike we may be in race, attainments, and occupations, or we can never be a united nation.

This year, more than any previous year since the Civil ·War, also brings spiritual motives to bear upon the people of America and the full force of these motives must be recognized and utilized.

1. In the first place the people of America are sacrificially-minded. The high cost of living, the new modes and greater burdens of taxation, the abstinence wllich must be enforced both for food and for drink, the difficulties of transportation, the scarcity of fuel, the constantly recurring appeals for war relief and many forms of war savings and benevolence, the conscriptive draft, the presence of soldiers and sailors on every hand, the absence of loved ones at camps and overseas, the eager reading of news, with the thoughts outstretched into the world's affairs, and then the real tug of pain and suffering-all of these experiences-and others, some already felt and some anticipated and dreaded-make the heart tender, and open the avenues of approach to new purposes and new convictions. It is not a time of callous indifference; even the day of wanton luxury and extravagance has almost wholly passed.

2. A high and holy mission for America has become apparent. President Wilson has called attention Ito it most effectively; our soldiers and sailors are embodying it as they bring new hope and renewed courage to the battle areas of the world; our papers, discuss-

ing the possibilities of peace and after-the-war consequences, press it upon our attention daily; the people know it. Fortunately there is little gloating; bombastic jingoism is not often in evidence; the people are seriously minded as they think of the responsibilities upon America for the peace of the world, the policies of the world, and the prac· tises of the world which hereafter are to be required and enforced by adequate national and international laws and powers. America has become the arbiter of the lives and the destinies of many races and nations. It is a heavy responsibility.

3. The war has made the campaign for brotherhood easier. Barriers between classes have broken down. Men and women of all grades and stations work side by side in the peace industries and fight side by side on the battlefields and suffer together with a fuller realization of the common ties of humanity than ever before. Artificial distinctions do not count in times like these; and even many of the fundamental distinctions of nationality, and religion, and sex are overlooked. Ruman beings face each other and understand each other as seldom in the past.

4. Religion has a new meaning and a new force. The purely conventional is discredited and out of place, pushed aside as meaningless; but the real, the genuine, the vital-the human heart longs after this and human speech does not hesitate to confess the necessity of it. What has been called "The Religion of the Inarticulate," has been discovered in the men who are in the trenches and who "go over the top." This religious faith and experience is not spoken of much, if at all, yet it is real and vital as a steadying and sustaining force. This religion is in the hearts of men today, as probably never before.

These conditions, peculiar to 1918, sustain the Home Mission endeavor with the holiest aspects of patriotism and make the ministries, directed toward the extension of fellowship and brotherhood among foreigners and strangers, of meaning to our country as well as to our Church, significant for the flag as well as for the Cross, and of moment to the world. It is therefore peculiarly fitting that the emphasis during Home Mission Week this year (November 17-24) should be upon the need and the method for realizing American Christian ideals and for / training foreigners to. understand and appropriate these ideals.* HELP THE FOREIGNERSt T HE average American, even the average church member, has had too little concern about the foreigners who live in his vicinity. In many cases it has been worse than apathy, it was antipathy and contempt. The drafting of thousands of these unamalgamated Americans and the necessity of transforming them into intelligent citi- ·Write to the Home Missions Council or the Council of Women for Home Missions, and ask for literature and IlelpS to observe this week. Address 156 Fifth Ave., New York.

tAdapted from a paper by Rev. O. E. Goddard in The Missionary Voice.

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

zens and soldiers has shown the folly of past neglect. These handicapped races are showing such loyalty, such devotion to our country, that we are realizing our former undemocratic, unchristian attitude toward them. Many are beginning to ask: "What can we do to show a more friendly attitude toward these races?" Anything and every- thing that we can do to Americanize and Christianize them will be helpful to them and to American ideals. The easiest, most helpful, and the least expensive thing that churches can do along this lille is to open night schools for adult foreigners. It is a monumental blunder to allow these people to settle in great aggregations and speak their OWll language, sing their own songs, publish their own papers, and rewoduce here the life they loved beyond the seas. Under such conditions the process of assimilation will be slow and ineffectual. But if these people will acquire our language, sing our patriotic songs, rend our history, imbibe our patriotic atmosphere, the process of asf;imilation will be accelerated immensely.

This is the time of times for our churches to show themselves friendly to these foreigners. The church in which many of them were reared exploited them-charged them exorbitant prices for funerals, marriages, etc. Many of them feel that the church is a ·mercenary institution, watching for an opportunity to take more money from them.

rf the pastor can go to them and offer to open a night school in which they may be taught to speak, read and write the English language without expense to them, it will be a demonstration to them that the ehurch doing that has no mercenary motive. It would be a labor of love the influence of which is incommensurable. Surely no church would object to setting apart a room to be used four nights in the week for this night school.

Moreover, the church that does this will be blessed. Many churches in direct contact with foreigners are suffering because of an unchristian attitude toward foreigners. How can a church prosper which has no concern for. these less enlightened races for whom Christ died? vVe must have the Christ attitude toward these people if we would be the recipients of Christ's saving and vitalizing power.

SIGNS OF PROGRESS IN SOUTH AMERICA G REAT changes are noticeable in many Latin American repub- lics in the past generation. One missionary in Brazil reports not only matE'rial progress but improvement in the attitude of the people toward evangelized christianitlY and marked progress in Protestant missions. When Dr. J. W. Tarbaux, of the Methodist Chul'~h South, went to Brazil in 1883, he found anempil'e under Dom Pedro II. Now there is a republic-the United States of Brazil. 'I'hen slavery was still in existence. In 1888 they were emancipated, but poverty, sickness and vicious extravagance brought destruction to many of

them. In 1883 Roman Catholicism was the State religion and non- Catholic bodies could not worship in churches or bury their dead in the consecrated cemeteries. Now there is full religious and political lib- erty. The old time cities of narrow streets, without proper lights, sani- tation or transportation were the breeding places of yellow fever. Now these cities have modern buildings, wide boulevards, electric lights, water system, up-to-date sanitation and electric transportation.

In spite of all these improvements, however, Brazil as well as other Latin American republics, is morally and spiritually backward_ The Roman Catholic Church is still dominant, but multitudes of the people have drifted into atheism. There has been an improvement in the Roman Catholic Church, for contact with Protestant Christianity has led to many outward changes among priests and people. There is still lacking, however, in the Roman Catholic adherents an intelli- gent apprehension of the Gospel and the signs of true Christian life. The people are not "new creatures in Christ Jesus." The number of evangelical missions has greatly increased in the past generation, and their prestige in the communities is also greater. The :Methodists, Presbyterians and others have developed self-supporting, self-govern- ing churches which are centers of light for thousands of Latin Amer- icans.

Sweeping changes have also come about in Chile. Fifty years ago the thought of giving every child an opportunity for at least the rudiments of an education was derided. The idea of evangelizing the masses was even more ridiculed. But the few Protestant Christian men and women in Chile undertook to bring about a change of senti- ment_ In spite of discouragements, even persecution, they held reso- lutely to their task, until today the evangelical community numbers many thousand and wherever the evangelical church is found the school stands near by_ The evangelical influence has also penetrated the Chilean Congress and through its recent order each municipality has been directed to compel attendance of all children at school. All political parties seem determined upon the complete abolition of il- literacy. – Because the grade of teaching in Protestant institutions is superior to any other, their leaders are being consulted by cabinet ministers, and everywhere the mission schools are being imitated in the new government institutions.

Another encouraging and unusual sign of progress in Latin Amer-_ ica is the fact that the administration of the University of Montevideo, Uruguay, has issued a special decree, directing that Bible study be a part of the regular curriculum. This university is perhaps the leading one of South America. It is also interesting to note that Sefior .Vigil, director of El Mttndo Argentino of Buenos Aires, whose review has a weekly circulation of 100,000, very frequently urges the public

SIGNS OF THE TIMES 80S

to buy Gospels or New Testaments, a free publicity which has resulted in some eight hundred orders for the American Bible Society during the past year.

ENLARGED PRESBYTERIAN PLANS T HE Church is throwing off the shackles of narrow ideals and contracted programs and is beginning to see her world task in a more adequate way. The war is in fact responsible for this change. Provincialism is doomed. Narrow sectarianism has received its death blow. Money is seen, not as wealth to be accumulated, but as a force to be spent for the accomplishment of worthy aims. Vfhere men thought in millions they now figure in billions, and where they gave dollars now they pledge their thousands.

Most of the great· religious denominations are vastly enlarging their programs and their budgets. The Baptists have announced their five year program and have had their million dollar drive; Congregationalists have had their plans for enlargement; the Disciples have their "Men and Million'S Movement" and the Methodists are in the midst of their great centenary drive for $80,000,000 in four yea.rs. Now the Presbyterian Church· (North) has launched their "New Era Movement," of which Dr. William Hiram Foulkes is chairman and the former moderator of the general assembly is vice-chairman.

This New Era Movement was approved by the General Assembly last May and aims to unite all of the Boards of the Church in an attempt to more adequately fulfil the great tasks before them. The leaders aim to educate the Church to give more largely and intelligently, and to draw the various Boards into closer harmony and cooperation. In other words there is a systematic and constructive effort to bring the Presbyterian Church as a whole to understand and emulate the spirit of united sacrifice and service manifested by patriots in the present war.

The New Era Movement will not take over any of the administrative functions of the various agencies of the General Assembly, but will inspire Presbyterians' everywhere to support them adequately with men and money. A "five year program" has been adopted which includes: The rehabilitation of the Christian home. The reestablishment of the family altar. A return to the observance of the Lord's Day. Better training of children-intellectually and spiritually. Acceptance of obligation for the unchurched in each community. Promotion of personal and pastoral evangelism. Recruiting of young men for the ministry. More adequate training of Christians for leadership. Service for the nation's wounded soldiers and sailors, and their families. Co-operation with other Christian bodies in interdenominational service. More adequate occupation of neglected mission fields in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Widespread proclamation of the principles of Christian stewardship.

First the situation is to be carefully studied; then the campaign is to be organized, and after that it is to be put into operation. The means by which this program will be carried forward are public meetings, the printed page, conferences on stewardship, posters, banners and other methods of a great campaign.

Twenty-seven leading men in the Presbyterian Ohurch are behind the project which is endorsed by the General Assembly. Five districts have been established-Eastern, Oentral, Southern, Western and Pacific Ooast-each with headquarters and secretaries in charge. EnthuSiasm, organization and individual education are expected to make a success of this daring program.

The significant thing about these large organized plans of the various branches of the Ohristian Ohurch is that it shows the churches to be waking up to the magnitude of their task. They also are proving that the war has not deadened their sense of responsibility for spiritual work, but rather has quickened their determination to attempt still greater things for God and humanity and to expect greater things from God and from Ohristian men and women in enlarged sacrificial service.

IS MORMONISM STILL A MENAOE?

O PINIONS differ on this question. Many gentiles who live in Utah believe that the younger generation of Mormons are much more loyal to America and American institutions than were their predecessors. Others believe that the Mormon leopard has not changed its spots and that the church is as distinctly unAmerican and unOhristian as ever. I t is true that polygamy is not openly advocated, but polygamous marriages are still celebrated as "celestial marriages." Brigham H. Roberts, an avowed polygamist (with three living wives) has been given a Ohaplain's commission in the National Guard.

A correspondent in Salt Lake Oity writes that the war is seriously affecting the Mormon Oult for better or for worse. American blood is pulsing through the Mormon people as never before, and they are responding to the call for National service in an unusual way. The enlistment in the army or navy is bringing some 10,000 of them into close contact with hundreds of thousands of other Americans and they will go out to establish American ideals and not to spread Mormonism.

Politically the condition in Utah is more favorable to freedom than ever before. Religiously the leaders stand as formerly on the platform of Joseph Smith, the founder of Mormonism. They hold "with dogmatic unctions" to (1) plurality of Bibles; (2) plurality of gods, and (3) plurality of wives.

Mormonism has not changed and the leaders are apparently merely biding their time and working quietly to entrench themlielves in American life and institutions.

COM}ffiNT

~ HOME MISSION WEEK N OVEMRER 17 to 24 is to be observed in American churches as "Home Mission "Week," and in view of this the present num- ber of the REVIEW is largely devoted to Home Missions. The general theme for the week is "Christian Americanization-our National Ideals and Mission." Some valuable and practical helps have been published by the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions. And it is hoped that all churches will join in observing this week for study, prayer and conference.

The exigencies of the war have revealed the necessity for training Americans of foreign birth and parentage in the American language and ideals. Thousands of men in the army and navy have had to be taught English. It is time that the Christian Church undertook more earnestly and systematically to bring a knowledge of Christ into the homes from which these men have come. Men are becoming intelligent and patriotic American citizens, but they are not yet familiar with the elements of Christian life and truth.

Pastors and church members must take a deeper interest in this work henceforth and not leave it to a few employed missionaries of the churches.. Educated Americans should get into touch with foreigners, help them to learn English, instruct them in American institutions, show friendliness, and lead them to understand Jesus Christ and His way of salvation and of life. As Dr. Howard B. Grose says, "We must be more Christian if we would have them more American."· THE McALL MISSION IN FRANCE I N our August number a brief allusion was made to this mission founded by Rev. Robert W. McAlI in Paris, in 1872. The state- ment was made that the "war has brought (to France) a new sense of the seriousness of life,· the imminence of death and the need for divine help." The paragraph also called attention to a danger that confronts missionary organizations established for evangelistic purposes–namely, that in times of national crisis and physical distress, in their efforts to minister to the bodies of the needy thpy neglect the spiritual ministries which have been their chief purpose. The statement was made, on what seemed to be the best authority, that the McAlI Mission in France had turned aside from evangelism to engage almost wholly in social and philanthropic work. There was no intention to criticise the Mission for engaging in this most Christlike work *Let pastors. Sl1noay school snp-erintendents, women's missionary societies and young people's organizations send to the Home Missi<ms Council, 1,56 Ififth Ave., New York, for literature for Home Mission Week, '

for the stricken people of France, but only to take exception to the tendency or habit (if such there were) to omit attention to the deeper spirituaJ needs of men in attempting to minister to their bodies. There is surely no more Christlike work than "visiting the fatherless and widows in their' affliction" and the people of France have suffered untold losses and agonies in their brave and sacrificial fight for right- eousness and liberty. The world owes them a debt which can never be fully repaid. Ministering to their physical needs is a Christian duty and a privilege.

At the same time we must not forget the spiritual needs of France. In the past, that country, especially Paris, has not been known for its spiritual life. The masses have been unenlightened in the deeper things of Christ and their need for the Gospel is as great as in the days when Dr. McAn founded the mission. Rev. George T. Berry, secretary of the American McAll Mission, Mr. Reginald McAll, a rela- tive of the founder, and tnembers of the American McAll Mission, have been unanimous in their testimony that the REvmw has been misin- formed in regard to the present work of the mission. Mr. Berry and Mr. McAll have recently returned from France and report that while the mission workers are lending every effort and are using all their resources to relieve distress in Paris, and other centers where the Mis- sion Halls are located, their Gospel meetings continue and the spiritual aim of the work is not overlooked.

We rejoice in this testimony and trust that the work of the Mis- sion may be prospered in these days of unparalleled need. As Mr. McAll writes: "I look for a rich harvest, which indeed has already begun. As a special field for evangelism the reunited soUlier's family in . France has a double importance; for either we shall see periods of social and economic disturbance or, if we succeed in our present efforts, we may gather definite results for the Kingdom of God."

It is interesting to note that the McAll Mission was founded in days of peculiar distress like the present-only then it was due to internal eruption and today is the result of an enemy invasion. In 1871, when Dr. McAll first visited France, he visited Belleville, where the people had suffered so terribly during the Commune. As he was giving away French tracts to crowds of working people who thronged the streets, an intelligent laboring man said to him: "Throughout this whole district, containing tens of thousands of working men, we cannot accept an imposed religion; but if anyone wo.uld come to teach us re- ligion of another kind, a religion of freedom and reality, many of us are ready for it."

This was God's call to Rev. and Mrs. McAll and they immediately made plans to take the Gospel of ChriRt to the working people of Paris. A great work has been accomplished in these forty-six years for both the spiritual and physical uplift of the people. The French recognized

EDITORIAL COMMENT

the humanitarian work of Dr. McAll by conferring two medals on him -one from the National Welfare Society and the other from an organization for popular education. Dr. McAll was in 1892 made by the French government a Knight of the Legion of Honor.

The successors and supporters of Dr. and Mrs. McAll are devoted men and women who are giving themselves without stint to relieving the needs of the suffering people of France in the present crisis. Rev.· Geo. T. Berry, the secretary, writes from his personal observation that they are "overworked but tireless, depressed by the war but struggling bravely despite shortage in man power. . .. The Paris Oommittee is farthest from turning aside from the ideals in which the McAll Mission was born. Its evangelical purpose was never so determined as now. _ .. The tide of invasion has swept up to our very threshold and has isolated some of our most celebrated establishments or has carried away our very plants in its flood. . .. Persons in our clientele have been killed at their own doorsteps and others have escaped by the thickness of a wall only. . .. Not only are our ranks depleted by the withdrawal of all able bodied men, but we have sent as Ohaplains our most capable preachers and teachers to look after them, both on land and sea . . . of our staff in general, from our Director-in- Ohief to the last man and woman in the most remote provincial station, everyone is· working overtime and with a zeal as tireless as the task is unending. . .. In my nearly fifteen years of official connection with the lfcAll Mission, I have never known the undercurrents of its religious activities to run so deep and full. … The Mission has endeavored to l).tilize the responsibilities the war has thrust upon it in the form of relief work as peculiarly God-given opportunities to enter the holy of holies of each and every soul ministered to. As our Director-in-Ohief wrote: 'We have preached for over forty years that God is a God of love. If that love breaks down when the most is expected of it, people will say that it is a good theory for fair weather but for fair weather only. The war offers a supreme chance to prove that God is love and if we do not miss our chance we shall reap a harvest of souls for Ohrist.' "

BLESSED ARE THE PEAOE'MAKERS SOME of the present-day newspapers and propagandists of various kinds are not included in this class. The anti-Japanese cam- paign carried on in America to divert American attention and to create animosit(y against Japan has been planned to incite a conflict of the white and yellow races. Dr. Sidney H. Gulick, who has lived in .Japan for nearly thirty years and is now serving as the secretary of the Oommission on Relations with the Orient of the Federal Oouncil of the Ohurch~s of Ohrist in America, comments oli recent newspaper

editorials that arouse race prejudice and create a "yellow peril" for the Occident while creating a "white peril" for the Orient.

Dr. Gulick says: A pernicious doctrine of "white race superiority"· is being sedulously instilled into the minds of the American people. Its advocates talk continuously of "white race world supremacy" and the "inevitable conflict of the white and yellow races for world dominion." This propaganda is preparing us for another world tragedy.

fr this psychological poison is not overcome soon enough by the appro- priate anti-toxin, it is not difficult to foresee what the future has in store for the world.

"God hath made of one blood all nations for to dwell on the Earth." There is no hint in Ohristianity of "white-race" snperiority.

The antidote for this poison, disseminated through non-Christian papers, is a campaign of education promoting fair dealing, honest statements of facts and constructive legislation. This means the application of the principles of Jesus Christ to every material and international problem. In this way we can win the goodwill of Asiatics and make of the alleged "yellow peril" a golden opportunity for the practice of genuine Christianity.

THE IMPORTANCE OF MISSIONARY EDUCATION When earnest men and women become convinced and aroused on a great moral issue, they enter the lists to win. This is shown in America and England by the response to appeals for men and money in the war. This same principle holds true in the field of missions. Knowledge of conditions, possibilities and ideals enables the intelligent Christian to make the uninformed a partner in his knowledge. Then he has won . not merely a convert, but has gained a champion for the cause.

The Missionary Education Movement holds a unique strategic position in the field of missionary propaganda. It combines the brains and heart of the Protestant Mission Boards of the United States and Canada. It finds writers qualified to teach the millions who are study- ing missionary problems, and these writers distribute broadcast the inside knowledge that is the possession of the few at headquarters and at the front. The study b.ooks prepared by these writers focus attention on the details of the largest and smallest field; magnify them so that all may see them in their proper relation to the whole; multiply the number of observers and reflect the light and warmth of prayerful enthusiasm to individuals in all directions.

The Missionary Education Movement is a clearing-house of facts, ideals, plans and methods in the missionary field. It is an organization of great importance to the work of the denominational mission Boards.

The Movement has been signally fortunate in securing tIle Rev. Ernest F. Hall, formerly a Pacific Coast Secretary of the Presbyterian Foreign Mission Board, to become General Secretary.

Compensations of

BY THE REV. ALFRED WMS. ANTHONY, D.D., LL.D., NEW YORK Executive Secretary of the Home Missions Council GOD can bring good out of evil. Long ago the human race learned . this; but the lesson, requiring analysis and discrimination, is not easy to perceive, and is still less easy to retain. Horace Bushnell in his book, "The Moral Uses of Dark Things," carefully set forth the beneficial effects of many of the ills and disquietudes of life. Ian Maclaren told a similar tale in "The Potter's Wheel," dealing now, however, more with the mental and spiritual experiences of men. The story can be repeated. Awful as war is, terrible as are the pain and suffering caused by the world's conflict of these recent years, yet even to these dark clouds there are silver linings. Honey may be taken out of the rock, and has even been gathered "in the carcass of the lion."

PHYSICAL BENEFITS It is too early to state in detail all of the material and physical devices and inventions which have been perfected by the mind of man under the stress of war's necessities. Flying machines, which at the outset of the war could do but little more than creep, now climb with astonishing rapidity, and soar with a security and range almost inconceivable. Tractors, partially developed, have made mighty strides as vans, lorries, armored cars, tanks and land "navies." Submarines have shown the possibility for long cruises, and of a carrying·capacity fitting them for times of peace. Trench warfare has developed the trench digger. The use of gas has demanded and has secured gas-masks, and gas-protectors. In almost every direction the physical sciences, stimulated by sudden demands, have enlisted a marvelous number of fertile brains and facile fingers for creating new agencies to meet the needs of imperative exigencies. Many of these inventions and improvements will permanently benefit mankind.

In t.he domain of hygiene and health are reported especially grati· fying instances of the conquest by medkal and surgical skill of human disease and suffering. Never in all the history of the world have the epidemics, the distempers and the disorders which usually accompany camp life and follow an army upon the march been kept at so Iowa number. One can almost say that disease is no more formidable in time of war than in time of peace. Indeed, in not a few directions, the soldier's health has been vastly benefited through his change from civil to military life; and the nations of the world, our own included, have successfully coped with disease, and thereby learned how to lift the whole level of physical well-being in the national life. Sanitation, hygiene and dietetics have been brought to new standards and pre-

pared for a wide sway among the people by this modern war, awful as it has been in taking its toll of life.

GAINS IN PERSONAL ACQUAINTANCE Because of the war, artificial barriers between people have been swept away. Men and women have looked each other in the face earnestly and seriously, and have seen, not artificialities, not place or station, gilt or gewgaws, but the real experiences of human beings. Ve have met strangers on the street, and in restaurants, and on trains and trolleys, and we have talked as men who are acquainted may talk.

The daily newspaper, and the periodical of the week and the month, have brought a new and a more vital message. The geography of the world is no longer strange to us. Weare learning as we never learned at school. Our knowledge of governments and of politics and of parties and of persons, too, even in foreign lands, has entered into a detail and an intimacy which would have seemed to us impossible a few years ago. Unwittingly we have become students of history, with a backward look into the past, searching for causes, noting drifts of opinion, and tendeneies of legislation, and longings and aspirations of the common people. vVe who have lived through a great war can never again be indifferent to the affairs of nations, and the strivings of peoples. We have taken a kind of university course in historical causation.

AN INCREASE OF SOCIAL SOLIDARITY Extreme individualism has been undergoing great changes. We have let society as a whole regulate most of our personal affairs,-even what we shall eat is to no small degree stipulated: those things which we may sell and purchase have been regulated both as to quantity, quality and price. The direction in which we may take pleasures, or must abstain, is prescribed unto us in not a few instances. Our free movements have been curtailed. Many forms of property have been taken from the rightful owners, at least for a period, and are now held and administered for the benefit of all. The cliques, the groups, the corporations, the trusts, the cities, the towns, the states, the individuals have been fused and solidified with common aims and purposes, for common objects and ends. Mere whims and fancies and personal preferences have been obliged to stand aside for the sake of the common welfare in the face or a common peril. There may be portents of evil in some of the after·war effects of this tendency, but now it brings blessings.

OUR NEW PATRIOTISM Love of country has learned to disclose itself, not in noisy shoutings of the Fourth of July variety, with the fire·crackers, the antiques and horribles, the bands and the oratory, but in terms of sacrifice. We have endured pain, and have shed tears for the sake of our country. We have given our sons; we have enlisted ourselves; we have changed the

SOME COMPENSATIONS OF WAR H13

entire course of our lives, sacrificially, for the sake of the land we love. The flag is more than an emblem now. Some of us who are beyond the age, or are of the sex not wanted under arms in either the navy or the army, have entered into a service of mercy and philanthropy just as loyally as though we donned the khaki and the blue; and others of us with no less ardor in our patriotism. bend beneath the old task, on the farm, and in the factory, and in the shop, and at the desk,- eagerly, earnestly keeping the wheels of industry moving that those who fight may be fed and clothed and equipped and furnished with all things needful. 'Ve, who with our hands work at peace, are no less ardently at war than those who are in camps and over seas. Our hearts are fired with the same purposes.

A GROWING INTERNATIONALISM When the days of neutrality passed, we began a career of new world consciousness. Whether realizing it or not, we modified our Monroe Doctrine. Isolation became no longer possible. We have taken upon ourselves the burdens of the world, and are vicariously pursuing a via dolorosa toward an exaltation and glorification which means an international new birth. When we heard the cry of Belgium, like the cry of one of old out of Macedonia, "Oome over and help us," we embarked upon a universal mission, "assuredly gathering" that a providential summons bade us minister. And now the ties of acquaintance and brotherhood are knitting us, not to the Belgians alone, nor to the English whose language we speak, nor to the French who once conspicuously served for us the cause of freedom, nor the Italians only, but to practically all the nations of the earth, the Russians, the Japanese, the Chinese. We sing no song of hate. Bitterness is not the dominant tone of our thoughts for those whom we call the Huns, using a phrase almost placed in our lips by Emperor William himself. All classes of our people, both high and low, busy men and statesmen, fully realize that from this time on America has a place in the council of the nations to exercise her influence and her good offices for the peace and the prosperity of the world. The necessities of war have brought us practically to the realization of a world-wide mission.

SOME ETHICAL AND SPIRITUAL GAINS All of the advances and advantages gained in the midst of these four momentous years have had touching and tinging them some elements which relate to the soul of man. Sympathies have been quickened a& people have learned to know each other better. Pride and haughtiness, the feelings of aloofness and distance, have given way. As we have le~rned to know each other better, we have come to understand each other better. Said a man on the street car the other day, as I gave him directlims for finding a certain railroad station, "People are more friendly nowadays."

But pure disinterestedness, the finest kind of altruism, has been

cultivated wonderfully. Each Liberty Loan drive, each Red Cross campaign, each appeal for gifts to the Young Men's Christian Association, to the Young Women's Christian Association, and to the other agencies engaged in war work and war relief, have brought to us as a people an enlargement of soul. We have learned our best lessons in benevolence, and have acquired the fine art of giving, and have sent forth with the gift the souls of the givers.

THE NEW KINGDOM A change is taking place in our conception of the Kingdom of God. We have formulated no new definitions as yet, but the elements of the new conception are in our minds, and need scarcely more than a touch to bring them together in clear and definite form. The idea that the Kingdom of God is a single church, or a single denomination, or is even confined within the limits of all churches and all denomina- tions, will never again have controlling sway over the minds of men. The innovation is not in new ideas, so much as in the definiteness of this new conception, and the extent to which it reaches in the minds of men who are not themselves church members. The Kingdom lias in it men who are not within the church; this is almost universally recog- nized, although perhaps but seldom distinctly confessed; and the spirit of the Kingdom is in a whole host of institutions and organizations which.are outside of the church; this, too, is becoming clearly perceived, and almost definitely acknowledged.

Rev. Arthur T. Guttery, president of "the National Free Church Council of Great Britain, who, as these lines are written, is in America interpreting the moral aims of the war, said in the hearing of a few gentlemen at dinner, that the Government in England seemed to many of the people "a holy thing." Perhaps the most significant thing about this utterance is that the speaker is a non-conformist, a passive resister, who, rather than pay taxes to the Government for the support of schools in which he did not believe, had permitted his goods to be confiscated and sold. Such a man possesses no sentimental proclivities which would lead him to idealize the State, and yet he saw, and acknowledged that others saw, in the State the approaching fulfilment of many of the purposes of God.

Though few, if any, in America as yet make such a declaration, yet amongst us the State is in verity taking on gradually,-indeed with a rapidity scarcely credible,-many holy characteristics. It embodies ideals of the highest and noblest kind, for which millions of men are ready to make the supreme sacrifice. To the State we are dedicating our sons and daughters, more precious to us than our own lives. Within our churches we are setting up the flag and many standards of the State, and are mingling her appeals and her advice with the declarations of our faith and most earnest vows. In many respects we even challenge for the sake of the State our own consciences, and in not a

SOME COMPENSATIONS OF WAR

few instances we have permitted the social conscience, at least for a season, to take the place of our individual consciences. 'l'his changed attitude toward the State has been possible because the State, as never before, is bent on righteousness, and is consecrated to hUman welfare and the manifestation of the divine spirit amongst men and nations.

Are there not signs of a new social order, an order of equity, of justice, of neighborliness, and of brotherhood? Did not Jesus teach that the Kingdom of God would be established when the sway of right- eousness was universal and the law of love was all-inclusive? Is not the Kingdom of God "at hand," when governments set righteousness as the object of their supreme endeavor, and consecrate themselves and their possessions to the maintenance of equity and good will amongst men and nations?

This Kingdom may recede-it probably will; it may waver and· halt; it may be misunderstood and be misrepresented; but it has entered into bolder outlines, into stronger evidence, than ever before, and has taken possession of men and institutions as scarcely dreamed of a few years ago.

We are too near this awful world catastrophe to estimate correctly all of its effects. It may be that He, who often causes the wrath of man to praise Him, may bring out of pain and suffering and sacrifice more good than evil; it may be that after-generations will discover in these years of travail and distress the birth of a new sense of human relations, and of mutual dependence,-the beginning of a better social order, the creation of a more Christian civilization which will permit the perfect and more rapid completion of the redemptive processes of God. .

THE GREAT DRIFT Catastrophic experiences such as these through which the world is passing in the great war make plain tendencies and under-currents of life which previously escape notice. There are certain social treks, drifts in the affairs of men, like that "tide in the affairs of men," which, whether "taken" or not, lead on to human destiny. The drift apparent in these recent days brings four great elemental challenges.

First, how far may we each enjoy and exercise our personal liberty? vVe are contending for the freedom of the seas and the liberties of mankind. The struggle is between autocracy and democracy, estab'- lished privilege and prerogative over against the rights and liberties of mankind. And yet in this great pursuit we are finding it needful, as never before, to curtail our own ordinary liberties. ·We cannot eat what we would; we are not free to travel as we were; our supplies of some of the most important commodities are regulated and doled out to us in stipulated portions; we cannot build houses, nor form corporations, nor labor as we choose; our incomes are inspected and levied upon; we are obliged to record our names, our ages, our occupations, and circumstances, and offer the bodies of our sons and of our very

selves for the common weal, under laws of conscription and military service,-all for the sake of social righteousness and social liberties.

Never before has the common good for the sake of all the people, low and high, poor and rich, weak and strong, loomed so high and. bulked so large in the consciousness of the people. A new day bas dawned, a new era has opened, requiring, to be sure, the adjustment of the individual's liberties with the liberties of the great mass of people. Almost a new religion has begun, a religion of brotherhood, good will, equity and righteousness.

In the second place, we are all finding it necessary to Challenge our own desires. vYe no longer may wish for those things whicb are not for the common good. Selfishness is socially and almost universally condemned. The man who would operate his automobile on a Sunday, when the welfare of all requires that he should not, pretty nearly mounts the pillory of social ostracism and contempt. 'Whether con- sciously .01' not, practically all American citizens are adapting their individual wishes to the thoughts and the purposes of the nation as a whole. The purposes of God, as manifest in our national history, and in the nation's opportunities, are taking hold upon individual consciences, and are regulating personal aspirations and longings. .

In the third place, the wishes of the people, always more or less superficial and ephemeral, are yielding to a clearer recognition of what we ought to have, that is, the needs of the people. vYe are seeing that certain things which we. did not wish are nevertheless good for us, and that we needed them. Nationally and socially we are bowing to a rod of chastisement, recognizing that, when 'we are duly exercised thereby, we are gathering therefrom the peaceable fruits of righteousness, which we as a nation have sorely needed. The luxuries and extravagances, by which our commercialized life had become characterized, have been in good measure laid aside and abandoned. 'Ve wanted them; but they were not good for us. vYe are becoming purified without them. Our simpler, more fundamental needs as individuals and as a people stand out more clearly than at any time since the colonial period, and are recognized as wholesome.

vYith this recognition we are socially acquiring the habits of mina .

which make ·us more humane, more charitable, more thoughtful of the needs of other men; and in this recognition we are going further now than formerly,-formerly 1ve thought of human needs largely in the terms of those things which are physical and material,-now we realize that the intellectual, the ethical, the religious and the spiritual qualities of men are as important as any of the physical qualities. The American Government, for the soldiers and sailors, for the industrial workers, and for all the people, undertakes to safeguard the finer parts of the mind and the soul, as well as those of the body, with a solicitude unparalleled in all history.

Fourth-vVhen then the question is asked, "vVhither are we going?"

the answer seems plain. "Ve are moving toward a definite aclmowledgment of social solidarity, social obligation, and the redemption of society as J?ossible, even though far off.

lt is a great thing for us to realize that We are moving. Many of us a short time ago thought we stood upon the banks of a stream, and that the waters flowed by, carrying with them certain institutions and individuals, while we ourselves remained fixed and secure: Now we perceive that we ourselves are a part of the stream; we are borne onward by the current; we see the banks themselves recede upstream. 'Ye have had our moments of misgivings and doubts and perplexities, moments which have been protracted into hours and days and months, ~'.Ometimes of anguish and agony. 'Ve have even asked, in almost despair, when it seemed as though .everything was giving way, "Has Ohristianity failed?" But most of us have recovered, in part at least, our assurance; we know that the stream itself, infused as it is in America and in the countries of the Allies with the spirit of sacrifice and altruistic service, is an expression of Ohristian purpose, Christian living and Christian dying.

The greatest gain which has already come ill part, and is issuing from the war, is this recognition that Christianity has not failed. The Clmrch and her institutions have responded to these great crises with a tpstimony and a ministry which have been convincing and satisfying to the moral judgments of men and nations. The. barracks and the battle fields, as never before, have been kept in touch with religious influences, under the guidance and the ministry of the church, linking them and the firesides and the altars of the land in holy fellowship. The governments of the earth have been speaking in the terms of Christian obligation and fellovship. The standards of all mankind have been moved further forward toward the recognition of a common brotherhood within the all-embracing purposes of a common Father; and the Christian method of dealing with men has been vindicated over against the method of might and force, which has spent itself in all its fury, and has received the condemnation of well-nigh all the earth.

The Worker's Prayer BY E'VAN HOBERTS Holy Spirit, purify and take possession of all for Thy ~Iory and keep me to the end, if end there be, in Thy servIce Teach me to serve; suffer me not to weary in Thy service. Give me the joy of the worker. Teach me to go as low as Thon ,desirest me to go, Thon who art condescending and compassionate. Open my eyes to see work; fill my hands, that have been cleansed by Thee, with work, and speed my footsteps, not in my work, but Thine. Keep my lingers skilful that I may not spoil Thy work-work for which Thou hast poured out Thy precious blood, which Thou hast purified by Thy tears, yea, by Thy very heart-blood. "0 Work, with all the riches of the Godhead upon it, behind it, driving it onward!" But there is no driving with God-Satan drives, God draws us. 0 Lord, draw me to Thy work and keep Thy work in me and enable me to draw others to Thy work. Manifest Thy work in these last days for the sake of the Atonement and remember the great Intercessor, Thy Son, Thy only Son Jesus, and Thy servants who are also Thy sons. Baptise me into the work for the sake of the Great Worker. Amen.

·Americanization-The Duty of

BY EVA CLARK WAID, NEW YORK Chairman of the Committee of Home Missions Among Immigrants, Council of Women for Home Missions M EN, in all ages and climes, have been the slaves of proverbs. No land or race has been free from the tyranny of the aphorism, the epigram, the satire and the philosophy that is wrapped up in the thing we call a proverb. Therefore our well recognized friend, "Haste makes waste," has long had an extensive dominion over secular and ecclesiastical Micawbers who waited for "something to turn up."

It is strange that the saints, who on Sabbath sang "0 Zion Haste," or adjured the Lord to "Make Raste Unto Me, 0 J..ord, Make No Tarrying," could act all through the week as though they had never heard the text, "The King's business required haste." And strange, too, that the followers of the Prince of Peace should have to learn the emergencies of the kingdom of peace through the sad emergencies of war. It is the old story-"Man's emergency, God's opportunity"- through which the slaves of the proverb are now becoming the couriers of the Prince.

For haste has become one of the virtues in political and economic life, and every enterprise of the nation gives practical demonstration of the old definition of this old word-"Vehemence, celerity, swiftness in doing something."

Over an office desk appear these words, "It can't be done-but, here it is"-and it seems a true epitome of America today.

Thousands of men, civilians today and soldiers in a brief tomorrow; hundreds of hamlets, quiet today and thronged with thousands of workmen tomorrow; swamps and cornfields today, a full fledged village tomorrow.

In all these great and vital things which America has discovered to be emergent necessities, no one fact has more plainly revealed itself as needing Emerson's "Shoes of Swiftness," than the great needs which have come to be summed up in the word Americanization.

For many years, far seeing patriots had realized that America possessed no small problem in a population which had thirteen million foreign born and nineteen million foreign parentage. But American optimism, both political and religious, had always said, in deed, if not in word, "Haste makes waste"-"Just. give them time"-"Another generation or two will settle matters." And now, behold, with dismay America has realized that not time or generations or optimism or songs in the sanctuary or prayers in the pUlpit will solve this problem, and unless there is to be a most awful waste of freedom, democracy, ideals and national life, there must be the most urgent haste; there must be "a swiftness in doing something."

Why is there need of haste in Americanization? Selfishly speak- ing, there is need of haste in assimilating all our alien population because of increased resources of labor and all that efficient labor brings to our land. ·We need intelligent, interested, loyal miners and .farmers and machinists and mill workers and shipbuilders, so that every resource of our great land may be available for our great national emergency.

We need a people able to read and speak our language, so that they may not be a fertile field for every seed of dissension and dis- loyalty, but may be a field ready for cultivation by all agencies of patriotism and loyalty.

,",Ve need a united, understanding, homogeneous people, to push forward to quick achievement all the plans and purposes of our great American Republic in her relation to this great war.

We need a people conversant with true American ideals to combat those creeping ills that threaten national existence in times of peace,. and strike and sting in times of war-those slimy things of greed and avarice and lust and anarchy and brutal power and ruthless exploitation.

Selfishly, for self-protection as Americans, we must make haste that all these millions stand where many of them already stand, cleareyed, resolute, intelligent, loyal citizens, pledging their lives with ours to the defense of our nation.

Speaking from another viewpoint there are great and compelling reasons for haste that should lay a heavy hand on all Ohristian activities. There is the sense of duty undone, of a trust poorly administered, of precious years wasted, of treasure withheld. As Dr. Steiner says, "To a large degree, the churches are American, their history runs parallel with the history of this country, their beliefs and practices reflect the American ideal, and Ohristianity, if it is anything, is an influence which makes for unity and democracy."

What have we done all these years to give to the spiritually destitute from lands, whose religious ideals were a spiritual desert, the true· ideals and the inspiring beliefs that have made our own land blossom and bear fruit? 'Vhat interest have we shown in building up for our immigrant population those same fair structures of life which we plan for ourselves and our children? How much have we cared for their bodies or their soqJs aside from those provisions which would safeguard us and our children and assure us "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness?" How much has the Ohurch done to build them up as citizens and part of a great nation? And how much has the Ohurch reflected on the enormous influence for good or evil our great foreign element has on all the far extended kingdoms of the world from which they have come to find a promised land? Alas, that we should have

needed camps and cantonmen,ts and enemy propaganda and sabotage and industrial peril and international consciousness to tear from us our garments of smug complacency and satisfaction! It is indeed the "King's business" and it does "demand haste." , Wonderful things are being done-'-Americanization is a national movement, with thirty-one states organized under the Council of Na- tional Defense for direct work with the foreign born through thousands of smaller organizations. The Bureau of Education has a large co- operative work of great constructive importance, with a special 'Var Work Extension to handle war emergencies-Governmental Publicity Bureaus work with a large number of nationalities, and the Libertiy Loan, Food Commission, and American Red Cross agents leave hardly a home in America untouched by patriotic appeal and explanation of America's war motives. State Boards of Education and great indus- tria~ groups are vigorously pushing the classes for foreign-born work- men, and women's committees in a number of states are conducting the classes as those in the various industries. Bureaus of Information for the foreign born have been established all over the United States, and Loyalty Days, Community Councils, Pageants of Patriotism, City Block Parties, vVar Bulletins; "America First" Societies and Village Honor Rolls are only a few of the methods used in the new campaign for Americanization. New laws have been placed upon the statute books of various states and cities, speeding the vital features of these Ameri- canization programs and, even in the midst of military preparation, the War Department has pressed the classes in English and the other Americanizing features in the great cantonments.

In all of this, many of our Christian citizens have had a vital share, and we would not minimize the faithful work of such devoted patriots.

But has the Church, as a whole, measured up to the nation's demand for haste? Have all the Church agencies, dealing with the foreign born been given stronger backing and supplied with an adequate staff? Have new enterprises been established at strategic points? Have church facilities been put at the disposal of crowded foreign sections? Have church assembly rooms been the rallying place for Christian patriotic propaganda? Have Christian men interested themselves in the multi- tudinous activities and national societies that catch the fancy of our foreign-born peoples and control their thought? Have Christian women interested themselves in the poor foreign-born women, who have a little service flag in their windows, and face terrifying problems in the ab- sence of husband or son? .

"Americanization is a message which not a few, but many, must carry. It needs no new organization or elaborate machinery; it needs only the use of the existing loyalty highways already built."

The Church is the great loyalty highway already built. We tread its firm way with feet unafraid, even in the midst of war's alarm. Shall we not hear the call of the "King's business," which "demands haste?"

A RELIGIOUS SERVICE IN A LUMBERMAN'S

What the Lumberjacks Need BY REV. THOMAS D. WHITTLES, FOREST FARM, MINNESOTA Supervisor of Logging Camp Work for the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions W E were standing at the flume, the logger and I, conversing, . while the mountain brook carried the grumbling and grinding logs down the boarded waterway to the river. Back of us the bold-faced cliff lifted its storm-torn head to a majestic height, while our eyes feasted on the cedars of centuries and the pines of forgotten years. .The breasts of the hills were green and the valley, through which ran the snow-fed river, was an emerald of everggrreeeenn_. It was a land in which God had wrought wondrously, and while we gazed He poured over it all the golden glory of an effulgent sunn_.

The rough-garbed giant, who stood by my side, raised his hand over the landscape and it seemed as if there were a kiss in the gesture, but as it moved in the direction of the camp his fingers twitched, his fist closed, his face hardened and he exclaimed: "'''hat this country needs and needs bad is religion and it needs a wwhhole lot of it!"

I had looked to him for a material estimate and he had answered with a spiritual demand. I looked again over the landscape teeming with the goodness of God and at the camp from which came the oaths of men.

Yes, what this country needs is religion. Particularly in the camps, home and its teachings belong to the past, restraints are gone, absence

aids forgetfulness, the unselfish counselors are lacking, sin· in.vites, lust is brazen and the wandering boy in the "far country" spends himself and his cash in the riot that fattens on wages and the flesh. The Jogger was right; the country of the camps needs religion and it needs it badly if men are to obey the ten commandments, practice the Sermon on the Mount and live to the credit of the nation and them- selves. But who is going to give them this religion if the Church of Jesus Christ does not "deliver the goods"?

Someone whose soul breathed the sad humor of sacrilege had fas- tened a picture of Christ to the wall of the bunkhouse and on it had pinned a red necktie and a banner with the inscription: "Jesus Christ the First Hobo." It was a challenge and Fred Davis, the camp mis- sionary, accepted.it the moment he saw it. Davis removed the blatant necktie and the scurrilous banner and thrust them into his pocket amidst an audible silence. Then he said: "Jesus Christ died for me and I'm willing to shed my blood for Him. He came into my life when I was a thief, a down-and-out, useless to myself arid others-when there were three indictments hanging over me-and he made me clean and usefuL There would be little manhood in me if I did not stand up for one who did so much for me, for the Christ whom some of you would make the butt of ridicule."

Noone answered the defender, for the transformed life of Fred Davis was an unanswerable argument for the living Christ.

In the Western camps a rampant spirit of iconoclasm is fostered by men whose whole idea of life is selfishness. By this philosophy all motives are looked upon as sordid; the dollar is the only cause of action; the community, the nation and the race are as nothing compared to selfish interests. Social and economic conditions are attacked with heated fervor and the churches ·are regarded as the fostering parents of every blemish to which flesh is heir. Therefore the churches are reviled and denounced as subsidized time-servers and oppressors.• These propagandists are ever present with their nostrums and canvassers of infidel literature and unmailable stuff peddle their books from camp to camp. There would be no one to call into question the agitators' perverted reasonings and accumulated untruths, to represent faith in God and point to cleaner lives, if the camp missionaries were not making their rounds in the name of Jesus Christ.

However, this oft and constantly reiterated system is sometimes jarred from its underpinnings by acts which do not conform to the aforesaid thinking, and then the observer is compelled to entertain other thoughts; and if assisted in his thinking, a change of philosophy and of life is the consequence. The camp preacher visited a hospital where a number of lumberjacks were being treated. He made the rounds, leaving with each patient a word of cheer and help. On one of the convalescents he pinned a little rosebud. Usten to the later testimony of the recipient: "You prayed for. me in the hospital, but when you pinned

WHAT T.f:[E LUMBERJACKS NEED

A LUMBERMAN'S RAILROAD DINING CAR that rosebud on my bosom I knew you loved me and that made me think about Christ as never before." The gift of the rose spoke of the gift of Christ and love prompted both.

In this connection let me quote Dick Feerrrreelll, ,aann €x-prize fighter, who for the last four years has labored for the salvation of the camp men in the Panhandle of Idaho: "The fellows can cuss and blaspheme God out in the woods, but when they are hit in the slats and have to go to the hospital for repairs, then we get a chance to apply the Balm of Gilead to their banged-up souls," .

"Who pays your way?" asked a lumberjack of Rev. H. I. Chatter- ton, a Washington camp missionary. "You can't give all your time to us fellows and support yourself." The missionary explained how the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions was sending men into the camps that the lumberjacks might have the Gospel and be encouraged in right living. "Do you mean to say that the Christians back East are inter- ested in working men they have never seen and are spending money to help them? 1; thought that they were all high-browed money getters who only thought of themselves." The perverted philosophy received another jolt and the trend of sentiment was lifted.

To many campmen the past is dead and home with its relationships has passed from their lives-theirs is the life of the unattached. Memory reminds them, but they send no linking message. Failure has made many ashamed to write and the long silence lengthens. But on one Mother's Day the preacher centered his thoughts on home and Mother and at the close of the meeting distributed writing materials and asked the boys to write. A score responded, some writing for the first time

since they had left the home tree. Jack M-cCall, our missionary in Montana, induced a lad to write home after a three years' silence. The lad was reluctant, fearing that his family had cast him off as he had cast them off. When the missionary again visited that camp the youngster was beaming: "See here, Pilot!" he said. "Here's a letter from home and it's signed by everyone of the family! Say, but ain't this family life a great thing, though?" And back East a whole family thought the Logging Camp Mission a great thing. .

The day was rainy and the "bull cook" was splitting kindling in the shed where Rev. D. K. Laurie took refuge from the storm.

"Looking for work?" inquired the "bull cook," easily mistaking the minister for a lumberjack, since he was dressed as a woodsman.

"I have a job. I'm a camp preacher," replied the supposed lumber- jack.

That was enough. The "bull cook" unlimbered his artillery on the Christians, who in his estimation were a set of fools.

"I tore up my Bible years ago," he asserted.

"Who gave you that Bible?" asked Laurie.

"My mother," said the axman, and his aggressive belligerency suddenly lost its fervor.

At the meeting that night the "bull cook" was gracious and helpful, even assisting the preacher in a duet-"Where Is My Wandering Boy Tonight?" Later came his story: He was a son of the manse and seven years before, after a disagreement with his father, had left home.

From that day his whereabouts had been hidden from the parents. But that year Christmas was a joyous time in the old manse, for the wanderer had returned.

When Frank Higgins began visiting the camps twenty years ago, he was alone in his ministry to the foresters. As his work proved itself, other parts demanded his assistance and, thank God, other workers joined him in his endeavor to lift the lumberjacks. Today from Maine to Oregon the camp chaplains distribute literature, visit the sick woods- men and preach in the forest bunkhouses. One missionary's report for last year mentioned 341 services held; 318 professed conversions, and 1,043 personal interviews on religion.

The outside world has yet to learn the real lumberjack and it will never acquire the knowledge from the movies. The picturesqueness of his life and surroundings, his spendthrift ways on the return to town, the bronzed countenance and the swinging figure all lend a fascination, while his reticence and devil-may-care air cause the un- initiated to place him beyond the pale of law and decency. But beneath the rough exterior is a rich kindliness, often rough, but nevertheless kind, and this in itself compensates the men who minister to his spiri- tual needs. When the reticence is broken, the woodsman shows the same large longings, common to all of us, for a better experience in which there is rest in God.

WHAT THE LUMBERJACKS NEED

A great sobering change has taken place since the states of Wash- ington, Oregon and Idaho have outlawed the saloons. In the old days when the jacks returned to town the streets were mottled with drunken woodsmen: now it is rare in those states to see one under the influence of liquor. The bootlegger has done his best-or worst-to evade the law and the officials have pursued him until the illicit traffic cannot bear the cost. As a consequence, the lumberjack is learning the real value of money and possesses it for more than a day at a time.

To the gospel of salvation the missionary has added the gospel of thrift and teaches both to his bunkhouse audiences. In one camp of sixty-five men, forty have opened saving accounts-an unheard of con- dition! A missionary remarked: "They kept me broke before the booze went out; since then, only two of the boys have hit me for a meal. This dry territory is a good thing for me, too."

In the non-license states the goddess of chance has many worship- pers among the camp men. Now that drink is unobtainable, the insid- – ious card game is taking a larger toll and some of the camp officials have found it necessary to forbid all games of chance and even the playing of cards for mere amusement. "When you get through with this hand I wish that you would let me use your table for a pulpit." said a missionary to a crowd of gambling lumberjacks. The hand was finished, the service was held, every man remaining to it, and after the benediction the game was resumed.

After such a service Fred Davis entered into conversation with a man who thus unburdened himself: "I'm making a little money working days, but I'm making more at the card game at night and I'm not going to quit till I have my pile. I know I ought to be a Ohristian, but not just yet. After a while I will." Later this lumberjack shot a man at the card table. One day Davis preachedJn a Oalifornia prison and the warden told him that one of the prisoners wanted to speak to him. At the cell an arm was thrust through the bars and the man in the shadowed space said: "I'm the lumberjack you pleaded with tl) change my life and become a Ohristian. I wouldn't because I was making money by gambling. Now look at me! Help me to get right with God." With the bars between them they knelt and while they prayed together Ohrist fulfilled his promise and gave liberty to the captive.

The missionaries are attacking the problems, proclaiming to the camps the wisdom and power of the Gospel and picking the men as individuals for the Master. They have a big job which demands more than their number can give, for the field is large. The harvest is ready and the souls of men are wasting. Only by saving this waste can we win the war for Ohrist.

of Men in

BY MRS. C. S. WILLIAMS. BOGOTA, COLOMBIA Author of "The Least of These"-in Colombia B OGOTA sits placidlYJ nearl'y two miles above the sea. It cuddles against two mountains rearing their crests two thousand feet ahove the city, dominating the vast level plain that stretches away at their base. Although near the equator, it is "tierra fria" (cold country) because of its elevation. The air produces a peculiar light- headed sensation. One is almost certain that, if he could raise his arms and tlap them a little, he could sail away to the clouds so intimately near. Chill and clammy are the houses into which no sun penetrates; tbin and hot is the air of the sunny streets. Thus we doff our shawls and overcoats when we go out, and don them in the unheated houses.

There are seasons when it rains every day. One afternoon a ter- rific tropical storm burst upon us in all its fury. Long sheets of water, wind-driven, fell athwart the world. The pounding of it on the open, brick-floored patio was deafening. The dimness of it hid the faces of my pupils in a class-room of the "College American F'or Boys."

Dominga, the little scrubwoman who came to us for two days' work each week, rushed unceremoniously into my presence.

"My senora, my senora! Those children, they are drowning, drowning!" she shrieked.

"Dominga, what is the matter? What do you mean?"

"My children, Oh, God, my children!" sobbing convulsively. "It Is so cold and dark in the hut and they both have so much catarrh. This morning the sun appeared so bright, so hot, I left open the part above of the door. Window there is none; when I shut both halves of that door it is of a darkness in that room like middle night. I left those children in front of the door opened by the half above; and now it is raining. But how it rains! They are wet even now, and the hut is full of water. They are surely drowned. Oh, my God! Oh, my God!" with a groan of despair.

"Yet, I do understand, Dominga. Surely the children are not yours? You are only a girl yourself."

"Of course, my senora, those children are mine." "I did not dream that you have children. How old are they?" "·Who knows? They are but tiny. One commences to walk but a little, and the other is small, very small." "And you leave them alone in your hut all day? Who cares for them while you are away?" "Of course, no one, my senora. Who is there? There certainly is not anyone." "Are they not hungry, cold?"

MOTHERS OF MEN IN COLOMBIA

"But yes, why not? What does that mean to say?"

In my simplicity, for I had not been many months in Colombia, I asked, "Where is their father, Dominga?" "Who knows? I have not seen him since the most little one was born. He does not come again."

Dominga was sent home through tile descending flood and instructed to bring the children when she came again.

The next morning she appeared, carrying them both. J anito, the elder, with his sallow pinched face and great appealing eyes, wore one dirty garment which stopped far short of the knees. Carlito, little, starved, dull scrap of humanity, was partially wrapped in a ragged piece of old shawl. And we were shivering ill our woolens.

Some weeks later, one sparkling Sabbath morning, little Dominga crawled into our patio, staggering blindly under the weight of the two children. Paubla, my servant, came to call me.

"My senora, Dominga is here, and it is very sick that she is. Who knows what that is that she has?"

I went at once to the corridor, where she had sunk-a bundle of rags-upon the floor. My hand upon '''I-''WwOo OF "THESE LI''ll"'I-''LE ONES her brow was not needed to assure TDho>mmiinnggaa's Two Chilaren-Juanito and Carlito me that she had high fever; her flushed face, hollow hurning eyes, and restless hands spoke all too plainly.

"Dominga, girl, what ails yOU?" I asked.

"I am ill, very ill, my senora. Can you help me? It is certain' that I have no other to whom to take myself."

In the midst of my inquiries as to symptoms and my producing of remedies it occurred to me to inquire when she had eaten last.

"It was the Wednesday, my senora. Here in the house of you. For

now there is no work. Almost all these familie~ are passing a time in the country. There is no scrubbing; and I have nothing that I can do."

Wednesday-this was Sunday! And little Carlito depending upon her!

*** On the flat square in front of the church, one block from the boys' college, lay The Market of the Snows. It was the usual odorous, crowded, repulsive plaza, where all vendors squat upon the ground, with their wares piled about them, and all buyers press through the narrow aisles, haggling over prices. Occasionally a priest, in garments far from clean, passes up and down the aisles, carrying a tiny image of the Virgin. Both buyers and vendors are expected to pay a penny for the privilege of kissing the worn image.

Crowded to one side of the plaza was a woman of unusual good fortune-she had a stand upon which to place her fruit. This woman, of an open, pleasant countenance which bespoke a large measure of intelligence, and with wonderful dark eyes through which her soul shone, was old in appearance, yet young in years. Before her stood the dirty little table upon which she spread the bananas and oranges that she had brought upon her back from a distance. Under the table, in a grimy dry-goods box, guiltless of pillow or blanket, lay the "most little one" of her four small children, he whom she carried bound across her breast as she staggered under her mountain of fruit. The three other children played about, receiving a resounding slap whenever they rolled under a purchaser's feet, fighting at intervals for whatever they found that could go into their mouths.

The market-places are unroofed. One morning as I stood by the woman's stall I was caught in a sudden swish of rain. I raised my umbrella, stepped back under the shelter of a house and watched the fruit-woman. Producing an oil-cloth, unspeakable as to condition, the mother swept all four of her progeny under the tiny table and covered it, fruit, children, and all, with the cloth. She herself, protected only by a battered old straw hat, stood calmly receiving the down-pour.

A few days later I missed her from her place. Inquiry of her neighbors of the plaza revealed nothing.

"Who knows? It is certain that she is not here; there is no more to it," with the utmost indifference.

A week or so later, as I descended from a street car, I saw her, again standing behind her table. When I stopped to inquire the cause of her absence I noted her wan, hollow-eyed appearance.

"Have you been ill, Adelaida?" "Why not? But look you at this," and she drew back from the box under the table the filthy rag which covered-not one, but two babies. The "most little one" had given place to another; a naked little creature of a week, pitiably tiny and weazened. Two babies to be car-

MOTHERS OF MEN IN COLOMBIA

ried upon her breast, the fruit to be borne strapped upon her back, the three small, unkempt children to be dragged back and forth, crying as their little feet are lacerated by the cruel stones of the pavement-six mouths to feed.

Where was the father? "Who knows?" There is no marriage among this class. No man is responsible either in the eyes of the law, or in the sentiment of the community, for the upbringing or support of children. That task belongs t.o the mother alone. May God pity the mothers! 'frhere is no one else, eith- er to pity or to help them.

A lovely, gracious Portuguese .~.

lady came among us. She was the wife of a gentleman connected with the Foreign Legation, and the mother of a frail, white, little son of t.wwo months. Benedicon was employed as wet-nurse to the babe. Eight months slipped by, and the little Port.uugguuese boy became a plump, rosy youngster, the delight of his proud parents. But the child of Benedicion did not flourish. For a small sum each week, he was cared for by an old woman living in one of the hovels that creep up the hills back of Bogota. Neglected, insufficiently nourished, both his body and his scalp were covered with scabs; yet t.hhe mother's heart cherished him and yearned over him. KETTLES FOR SALN–AND A WOlMAN Each Sabbath afternoon Bene- dicion was allowed to visit her child, for the Senora Abasecal was kind t.o her servaanntt.s. One Sabbath the woman found the door of the hovel closed_ Noone was within. No boxes for chairs, no blackened clay- kettles, the usual furnishings of these huts, were to be found. Evidently the place was deserted.

"Unto where has the old woman gone with my child?" asked the anxious mot.hher, at the near-by huts. .

"Who knows? We did not see her go to any place," was the answer.

"But surely there is someone who saw her go. Is she in another part of the city?"

"Who knows? There is nothing that is certain."

"Is it possible she goes to the country? Did she not tell anyone that which she does with my baby? Where is he?"

"Why ask more? The thing is not known here." All that night and far into the next day the poor frantic mother searched the city for her child. She never found him. The probable solution of the mystery was that he had died from neglect, and the frightened old woman,. afraid to face the mother, had hidden herself. Senora Abascal sent out men to hunt for Benedicion. She was found, the second day, wild, haggard, her hair streaming-a raving maniac. We have no insane asylums in Colombia. Neither are there poor- houses, soldiers' homes, old people's homes, asylums for the dumb, the blind, the defectives.. These it is that make up our beggar class-the crowds ~upon the streets that make you feel it a crime for you yourself to be decently clothed and well fed, in the midst of such misery.

*** Rosy-cheeked, bright-eyed Socorro (succor) came to me when I was in desperate need of a cook. She knew little of the art of cooking, but she was willing, of a happy disposition, and honest; the last two qualities being unexpected jewels in the character of servants in "tierra caliente" (hot country), where we now dwell. Socorro was plump, neatly dressed, and so youthful looking, with a red ribbon bobbing gaily on top of her shining black hair, that I stared in amazement when 8he told me she was the mother of ten children.

"Of ten children, Socorro? Why how old are you?" "Who knows, my senora?" laughing at my astonishment. "But I had not many years when my first baby came to me. She was a little girl, and pretty, oh, my senora, so pretty. All my children are beautiful. More beautiful than their brothers and sisters." "What do you mean, Socorro? How can children be more beautiful than themselves ?" She laughed heartily.

"My senora always is so lacking in the understanding-oi our customs. Those children of mine are more handsome than their legitimate brothers and sisters."

Of course Socorro had been the concubine wife of some gentle~an. Anyone seeing her well preserved body and youthful spirits could have guessed it. She had not toiled in the streets to support her little ones. Her beauty had bought her a home, perhaps a two-roomed hut, and a servant besides. She and her children had been sufficiently nourished from the baskets of food sent her each week. I understood it perfectly. Were there not a dozen such establishments in our immediate neighborhood? It is the universal "custom of our country."

"But why do you go out to service now, Socorro? Surely your children are small and need you."

MOTHERS OF MEN IN COLOMBIA

The woman burst into tears as she chokingly replied: "He has deserted me and I must work to give the children to eat."

"The two dollars which I pay you 6Guach month will scarcely clot.he you and feed ten children." "Oh, no, my senora, I do not need to feed t.en. He put those chil- dren into service when they had seven years. Three only are left to me.

My little Enrique, oh, but I loved .

him the most—-almost the most- he gave to those Jesuits to make him a priest.. Me, the mother of a priest! Is it not. wonderful? Three I have, no more. The most little one is tiny, like t.his little white daughter of you. Oll, if the Virgin would but let me see her!"

"vVhere is she?"

"I left. her in the town of Socorro.

Surely you understand, my senora, that I was named for my birth-· place, Socorro? Socorro comes to help you from the town of Socorro,"

and,she went off holding her plump sides in the excess of her merriment.

A few days later, the woman hurried into the house and, without going to the kitchen to deposit the A CONNTTRRAASsTrr IN COLOMBIA huge basket of marketing which she 'fhe chUild, strapped from morning until night carried upon her head, burst ex- upon her sister's back, iIs but one year younger citedly into my room. than the missionary's son In the foreground of the picture "My senora, you yourself cannot imagine what I saw with my own eyes. Certainly it was my daughter, Rosita, my first baby. It was none other. Oh, but she has grown so big and that handsome. It made so much heat in the plaza and I had such a thirst, I went to seat myself for a moment~ohb, just a tiny moment, my senora-in the grog- shop. A girl, but the most pretty of them all, gave me my guapo [rnative beer]. Then she did not leave me but stood and gazed at me, Socorro, the mother of her. Oh the joy of it! My senora does not know the joy of it!"

As I glanced at my little daughter I thanked God that I probably never would know just this particular joy which she wwaa~s experiencing. I thought of children in America, sixty years ago, snatched from the breasts of loving mothers, and I wondered: When will the mothers of South America come into their God-intended estate?

(To be concluded in December)

Church and the Social Question-II

PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS AS TO THE PRESENT DUTY OF THE CHURCH IN HELPING TO SOLVE THE SOCIAL PROBLEM BY REV. JOHN McDOWELL, D.D., BALTIMORE, MD. Secretary of War Industries, War Work Council of the Y. M. C. A.

I N the former article was discussed the nature of the Social Question and the relation of Christianity to it. We discovered that the social question, from a Christian point of view is primarily one of spirit, not one of system. It is one of hUillan relationships and is, in a word, simply man's answer to God's question-"Where is thy brother?" and an attempt to respond to the commandment, "Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself."

We discovered also that Christianity is the only solution to the Social Question and that this solution is embodied in three elemental laws of Christianity, namely: the law of regeneration, the law of right- eousness and the law of love. .

In view of these facts, what is the duty of the Church toward the Social Question. We answer that it is four-fold: 1. TO GIVE LEADERSHIP TO THE THOUGHT OF THE SOCIAL MOVEMENT Let it not be forgotten that the Social Question is primarily one of social thought. It is a philosophy before it is an activity. The modern socialists have seen this, and hence they have spent their lives in seeking to mold the thought life of men. They have been social teachers rather than social workers, in all our great centers. vVe cannot expect to have a society based on Christian principles, so long as our social philosophy is made by anti-Christian philosophers,and materialistic socialists. The times are appealing to the Church to capture the thought of the social movement, to proclaim that there is not a thonght in philosophy, an ideal in ethics, a principle in sociology, or a program in practical reform, worth considering, that is not found in Christianity. The most urgent appeal of the times to the Church is to "bring every thought" social, political, ethical and religions, "into captivity to Christ Jesus." The industrial organization of society has attained, in the thought or our times, an importance which has never before been attached to it.. The urgent secular questions of the day are the questions of wealth and poverty, of luxury and want, of capital and labor, of peace and war. These all combine to create a strong demand for a social expression of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, and this demand creates an obligation from which no church bearing the name of Jesus Christ can consistently escape.

In the intellectual and social ferment over these issnes there often appears an open opposition to Ohristianity, involved in a materialistic philosophy which limits the scope of belief and action to the life which now is. A program of exclusively external betterment is often declared to be synonymous with, or a sufficient substitute for, essential Ohristianity. Such a claim is in contradiction to the truth that "man shall not live by bread alone." If the Ohurch is to bring every thought into captivity to Ohrist, it must know the mind of Ohrist regarding the social problems of our day, such as the problem of wealth, the problem of poverty, the problem of industry, the problem of child·labor, the problem of the protection of women, the problem of the Sunday rest day, the problem of democracy. This the Ohurch is earnestly seeking to do. As an evidence of it, we cite the "Social Oreed" of the Federation of the Ohurches of Ohrist in America; also similar statements made hy many of the denominations. To be snre, the Ohurch cannot lay down rules for specific social problems, but it can, and it ought, yes, it mnst, teach regulative principles for all modern problems, if it is to give leadership to t.he thought of the social movement. The hope of the world now, as in the preceding nineteen centuries, is that, under the guidance of the Holy Spirit, the Ohurch may discern the truth, and the truth may have free course.

2, TO GIVE LEADERSHIP TO THE CONSCIENCE OF THE SOCIAL MOVEMENT The most imperative need in social awakening is to Ohristianize its conscience. It is evident that the development and application of the moral and religions ideas of our time have not kept pace with industrial and commercial progress. Oonscience is aroused; but perplexed, and the need exists for emphasizing in a more definite way the obligations of the different elements of society each to the other, and the interdependence of the parts of society ea~h upon the other. The Church needs to teach with stronger convictions that men cannot live to themselves alone, and that they must not pursue their own gain in disregard of the rights and the welfare of others. With clearness and without hesitation the Ohurch must affirm as the pIinciple of social practice the fundamental teaching of Jesus, "Whatsoeverye would that men should do unto you, even so do ye also unto them." The social awakening is asking for guidance on the ever enlarging questions of corporate and social duties. If the conscience of this movement can be made and kept Christian, the social movement will be kept Christian. The times are looking to the Ohurch to provide standards that will make the conscience of the social movement Ohristian. The Ohristian standards for conscience are found, of course, in the New Testament. They must be interpreted and applied, and the Ohurch is the appointed agent for this work. New moral questions are up today. Men are asking: "Has Ohristianity moral standards for the corporate, as well as for the personal life of men?" The standards of personal morality

are fairly well fixed and accepted. But not so with public and social morality. President Hadley of Yale has said: "The present evil from which society is suffering is not so much one of character, as one of misunderstanding. We are suffering not so much from bad morals· as from defective ethics."

If this is a true statement of the present condition of modern life, it is a criticism and a challenge to the Church. The Church, more than any other organization of society, is charged with the responsibility of teaching sound and effective ethics. In the Gospel of Christ, we have a system of ethics which is both sound and effective. Why then the condition described by President Hadley? The answer is clear. The ellurch has not been teaching ethics; or if she has, she has not been teaching the ethics of Christ. A truly Ohristianized conscience will not permit men to gain positions of power and to amass wealth without questioning the means by which both are obtained, and the use made of them.. A public conscience which tolerates men who buy and bribe their way into high positions, and men who grow rich by making other people poor; men who rob, not only the. present, but a future generation -is not a Ohristian conscience. Has not the time come when we must affirm with all our hearts that God has not given any man license to sin, either in his individual life or his corporate life; that God has given no man exemption from the trouble and suffering involved in doing right. In an age like ours, so fertile in excuses for every kind of wrong-when men are not asking, "Is it wrong?" but "Is it sterilized ?"-when a college professor tells his class that profanity is no longer a sin, but merely a symptom of "a diseased vocabulary"-we need the stern and outward and unmistakable announcement of God's will to assure us that evil does not change with our whims and feelings, and that God cannot accommodate Himself to onr so-called moral necessities. In other words, if the Ohurch is to give leadership to the conscience of the Social :Movement, it must enthrone Ohrist in the conscience as the sovereign power.

3. TO GIVE LEADERSHIP TO THE ACTIVITIES OF THE SOCIAL MOVEMENT Never before were so many people concerned with the amelioration of social conditions, and social ideas; never before were there so many movements for human welfare. If these people and these movements are to be kept Christian, the Church must be ready and willing to lead them. The Ohurch must not only teach and inspire; it must actually lead every movement which aims to make men like Christ, earth like Heaven, and the kingdoms of this world the Kingdom of Christ. 'fhere is a grave danger just now that the Church may lose her place of leadership in social activities. Already we are hearing about "scientific charity," "practical education," "moral reform," an "ethical revival." These phrases in themselves are not necessarily antagonistic to the Church, but as used by many today they are. :Many social

THE CHURCH AND THE SOCIAL QUESTION

workers discount the Church as an agency in social service, notwithstanding the fact that most of them belong to the Church. Because the Church is in danger of losing her hold on these great human activities which legitimately come under her sphere of work, the Church should lead them. The primary function of the Church is to bring every individual and every department of human life into comformity with the law of love, the law of God. Exactly what the Church must do at any particular time or any particular place may, of course, vary. It must depend upon what is most needed at the particular time and in the particular place, in order soonest to establish the Kingdom of God; There is no hope for society apart from the Kingdom of God, and no hope for the Kingdom of God apart from the Church which is the divine instrument for realizing it here and now.

No movement for the betterment of man and the purifying of society should ever knock at the door of. the Church in vain. The Church in the person of her leaders should direct every movement which aims at human well·being. The ancient motto which reads, "Nothing human is foreign to me," might well be taken as the motto of the Church today. This would mean that the Church would give leadership to education, to recreation, tt) legislation which affects human welfare, and to all the movements which affect the vital interests of the individual, the home, the school, the Church and the State. "The Church," said Josiah Strong, "is fast learning in these last days that the call of Jesus is not merely unto the temple, but also unto the state; not merely into the concealed life, but also into the open life; not merely into a part of life, but into the whole of life." To retain her leadership the Church must be responsive to this call, and in the name of. Christ, lead every social activity for human welfare.

4. TO GIVE LEADERSHIP TO THE SPIRIT OF THE SOCIAL MOVEMENT Noone will qnestion that the nature and influence of this movement will be made by the spirit that dominates it. Society has a right to look to the Church for leadership of the spirit which animates the social awakening. The Church, more than any other organization has been charged with the responsibility. 'fhe real iSsue of the day is one of spirit, rather than one of system. Shall the Social Movement be Christianized or commercialized? Shall Christ lead it or shaH anti- Christ? These are the most important questions confronting the modern world. The future character of civilization, as well as the future influence of the Church, are involved in these questions. If the Social Movement is to be Christiani:r.ed, if it is to be led by Christ, the Ohurch must give leadership to the spirit of it. Christ's expectation for society can be realized only through the proclamation by the Church of that Gospel which tells of His sacrifice for mankind, combined with the manifestation of the spirit of that sacrifice in the life of His dis-

ciples. The Social Movement can be made Christian only as it is filled with the spirit of the Cross. The Law of Social Service, "Each for all, and all for each," will be a dead letter unless reinforced by the love which the Oross expresses. To fill the Social Movement with the Cross, in the New Testament meaning of it, is to set in operation the mightiest force in the universe for the regeneration of sinful human nature, and the redemption of sinful human society.

"It is my unqualified conviction," says Professor Sunday, "that the Kingdom of God is to be realized on earth. All the references to it are human references, peace, joy, justice, love-all bear a human face, and must be established all1J)ng men; and the great agent called of God to do this work is Christ's Ohurch."

'Vhat the Social Movement needs more than anything else, is a Cross-begotten enthusiasm for humanity. This will direct the Movement into right motives and right methods. Only as the Ohurch fills the Social Movement with the spirit of Ohrist which is always and everywhere the spirit of love, service, sacrifice, can it give the leadership which makes and keeps the spirit of the mighty movement Ohristian.

A War Task for Industrial Workers UNHERALDED, almost unobserved, one of the greatest migra- tions in history is taking place within the borders of the United States. Now the stream of immigration is not from across the seas, coming in at American ports of entry, but is in the reverse order from American ports of embarkation across the seas, never to return in full numbers. No less significant, up from the farms and the little hamlets, from one place to another, in peaceful array, responding to war needs, thousands of industrial workers are gathering in war production communities for the manufacture of acids, explosives, munitions, and the equipment needed by army and navy. These men and women are enlisting at home by the thousand and by the million as truly for the service of their country as do the boys who wear the khaki and the blue_ The overalls, the blollse, the work apron and the bloomers deserve some of the attention and some of the honor accorded to the uniform.

Two c1assesof communities present acute home mission problems. Ono is the community, altogether I).ew, created as if by magic on the shores of some bay or stream for the manufacture of ships; or on some inland plain, perhaps formerly desert and waste, for the making of acids and explosives, communities which are to all intents and purposes civilian camps, industrial cantonments, owned and regulated by the Government as Government reservations. The Ordnance Department of the Department of War has reported twenty-four of these places in

A WAR TASK FOR INPUSTRIAL WORKERS

various states from the Atlantic to the Pacific seaboard, ranging in size from one thousand industrial workers up to thirty thousand, men and women, in some instances almost exclusively of men, in other cases with women predominating, in some instances families also included. These communities require the ministries of the Christian church.

The other group of communities, presenting problems no less crit- ical, are the old settlements of the country, which have been almost, if not quite, overwhelmed by the sudden inrush of new residents. These have been listed to almost four hundred in number. Some, like Newport News, Va., have increased from a normal population of thirty thousand to a present war-time population of over ninety thousand. This great increase of population, in practically every instance, presents from the point of view of the church, an opportunity and an obligation larger than the local church agencies can meet.

As the American Government is solicitous for the moral and relig- ious welfare of soldiers and sailors, in a manner unparalleled in the history of the world, so it is also concerned for the moral and religious welfare of these civilian armies enlisted in the essential industries of the nation; it seeks to protect and preserve the morale of the homeworkers by zones of safety, and by the agencies of wholesome recreational, educational, moral and religious uplift. The Government is inviting the co·operation of the churches in this task, which is fundamentally a home mission task.

But the Government is not turning to a single church, or to one denomination, or to a peculiar and sectarian group. It is turning to all with an invitation for co-operation in some united form. That united form is available in what is called the Joint Committee on War Production. Communities.

The Joint Committee on War Production Communities consists at present of sixteen persons. After certain conferences in preparation, the committee held its first meeting for organization on July 15, 1918. Into its membership are blended practically all of the evangelical Protestant denominations of the country, through three channels of approach:- (1) The General War-Time Commission of the Churches, which was created in the fall of 1917, by the initiation of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, and is therefore representative of all of the denominations represented in the Federal Council, and has added to itself members of some denominations which are not in the I,'ederal Oouncil, has appointed five members of the Joint Committee, reserving two places, now vacant, later to be filled.

(2) The Home Missions Council, which is composed of thirty-five organizations working in the home mission field, representing twentythree denominations, has appointed seven members of the Joint Com- mittee. (3) The Council of Women for Home Missions, itself a united

organization of women, representing seventeen women's boards engaged in home mission work, has appointed two members of the Joint Committee.

This Joint Committee is, therefore, in its composition a broadly . comprehensive and representative body, probably as inclusive of Protestant Christianity in America as any body 'which up to the present time has ever existed; and behind it are the money-spending departments of the great denominations of the country, which in their normal home mission activities have been annually disbursing budgets of from twelve to fifteen millions of dollars.

11'01' its organization this Joint Committee appointed as Chairman Mr. John M. Glenn, an Episcopalian, and the Executive Head of the Russell Sage Foundation; Secretary, Rev. Alfred Wms. Anthorry, a Baptist, Executive Secretary of the Home Missions Council; Treasurer, Mr. William T. Demarest, of the Reformed Church of Christ in America, Treasurer of the Home Missions Council; Executive Secretary, Rev. 'Worth M. Tippy, a Methodist, Executive Secretary of the Commission on the Church and Social Service of the Federal Council; and Associate Secretary, Rev. Howard R. Gold, a Lutheran, formerly associated with the Commission on Church and Social Service.

The administrative staff, headed by Dr. Tippy, was taken over from the Federal Council with its willing concurrence, and also contributed in effect by the General War-Time Commission, since it has been serving that Commission as its agents for survey; and is the Oommission on Church and Social Service of the Federal Council.

This Joint Committee recognizes three functions which it must perform in behalf of the united Christian Church of the United States:- (1) It must make investigations of these war production communities, both the n~wly created ones and those overwhelmed with sudden increase of population.

(2) It must furnish immediately some form of religious service, though perhaps temporary in character, which in the name of the church shall bring the ministries of the church to the men, women and children of these communities.

(3) It must perform that delicate and difficult service, when the time is suited therefor, of assigning responsibility to the single church or denomination, or to the several churches and denominations, which may properly assume the care and the continuing nurture of the churches which may have been formed.

The churches created in these new settlements, during the time of temporary occupancy, are to be known .as Liberty Churches. I The Government proposes to give them housing accommodations within· the community houses or the school houses, which are erected with the purpose of serving the whole population in a broad, and somewhat unusual, manner. The scarcity of labor, and of building materials,

A WAR TASK FOR INDUSTRIAL WORKERS

prevents the erection of church edifices as was at first proposed. The churches through this Joint Oommittee are asked to provide the com- petent pastors, directors of religious education, visitors and welfare workers, who may serve as living representatives of Ohrist and His Gospel.

The invitation of the Government for the co-operation of the church in these iinportant industrial centers is in harmony with the very genius of our democracy, and of our national history. Here is a testi- mony from our highest national authorities that the religion of Jesus Ohrist, and the morale which can rest on no other foundation, are needful for the national welfare and security. This implication lies in three directions;- (1) For efficiency, judged from the point of view of military and naval needs, religion, strengthening and confirming the moral fibre, is as needful as sanitation, education and the co-ordination of any of either the coarser or the finer elements which constitute a sound and perfect man.

(2) There is involved the recognition that that high idealism embodied in the Gospel of Jesus Ohrist, an idealism which differentiates the American people from those who rely upon the gospel of brute force as -widely as the East is from the -West, must be preserved in order to make us fit to win the war, and worthy thereafter to enjoy and regulate the results of peace, when victory has been achieved.

(3) There is involved also a recognition that, when the church unitedly is invited into the fellowship and co-operation of the Govern- ment, the relation of church and state is adjusted in harmony with the Oonstitution and with the genius of our people, without entanglements, without prejudices on either side, for to no one denomination is prefer- ence given, or special privilege accorded, but to all, to the Ohristian religion the doors of opportunity are thrown wide, for ministry and service. In matters of conscience, in the free exercise of polity, of policy, and of custom, there are no restrictions.

In this great migration of the American people, here within the limits of the homeland, arises a new and great opportunity for the church, adapting her old agencies somewhat to new exigencies, to render a great service of far-reaching importance to the nation, and through the nation, to the other nations of the world, and through man- kind, to the Kingdom of our Lord Ohrist. A. W. A.

This is my Father's world. This is my Father's world. The battle is not done. o let me ne'er forget Jesus Who died shall be satisfied, That tho' the wrong seems oft so strong, And earth and heaven be one. God is the Ruler yet.

This is my Father's world.

Should my heart be ever sad? The Lord is King !-Iet the heavens ring God reigns !-Iet the earth be glad.

-MALTBIE D. BABCOCK.

Red Cross Unit in South

BY CAPT. B. CARTER MILLIKIN With the American Red Cross Unit in Palestine A FTER having studied and taught about Africa, it has been a rare privilege to see it and to gain, through personal contact with those who are in the midst of them, some insight into the great problems whose right solution is so important to the development of the country and its peoples.

Our journey has been of great interest, particularly the stop at the beautiful island of St. Lucia and the glimpse we had there of life in the tropics. Ve did not stop at St. Helena, but we saw t.he island on the horizon, and the sight brought a flood of historical memories. Greater punishment could hardly be devised than the soul of the rest.: less Napoleon must have suffered. 'We are tasting newsless life–for the wireless is not reported to us, and the papers of South Africa contain all too meager accounts of what is doing in the great world, and practically no American news,-and so we can begin to imagine what the silence must have been.

Cape Town attracted us strangely. It lies jnst at the base of a bold, square-topped bluff, known as Table Mountain; it commands a superb view of the ocean and, to the northward, of the great mountains behind which lies Africa. One finds much to suggest the cities of our own Southland, and little to make him realize that he is in the Africa of which he has read.

As we were the first Americans in khaki to pass this way, we were the observed of all observers, and the recipients of much attention and of beautiful hospitality. This was true not only of Cape Town, but of all South Africa. 'Wherever we went people vied with one another to show us kindnesses. "We were proud and happy to have the opportunity to make clearer to our allies in South Africa what the United States is doing in the war, her motives in entering it, and the purpose with which she is doing her bit. When three of us who remained behind at Oape Town were introduced as "representatives of our brave ally, the United States" to a great audience at a reception given in the Town Hall to several hundred "Springboks," returned wounded and invalided from the front in France and in German East Africa, we were received with tremendous enthusiasm. It was a thrilling sensation to represent one's country, and to feel proud of her and sure that she is in the right and is doing her part right nobly.

We were greatly interesad to see Groote Schuur, the fine home of the late Cecil Rhodes, and tq stand in his bedroom and look forth as he must often have done at the stretch of coast and at the mountain~ shutting off the view of the great Dark Continent. What dreams he SOME "RAW" NATIVES PASSING THE MISSION CHAPEL AT AMANZIMTOTI. SOUV'.'DliH AFRICA must have dreamed, and what plans he must have made for theilr' realization! And now they are coming truuee, as the threads of the gleaming rails are lengthening northward from the Cape, and southward from Cairo, to meet ere long and connect the extremes of the continent.

Desiring to see all we might of native life, of the problems of the impact of civilization upon the natives, and of the constructive work for their development, three of us left the ship at Cape Town and journeyed overland, while tbhe rest of the party continued by ship to Durban.

We had just a week-and we fondly thought in that time to see something of Johannesburg, and then to visit Lovedale Mission. But Lovedale had to wait for our next visit to South Africa, as we had not counted on the distances nor on the difference between the speed of

our great transcontinental trains, which go from New York to Chicago in less than twenty-fo~r hours, and the trains here, which take more than twice the time to go less than that distance_ The railroads here are narrow gage, which lessens both speed and carrying power_ Our train was delayed by a wreck ahead, so we had a glimpse of Ladysmith, famous for the siege during the Boer War, and of Bloemfontaine. The way lies over the Karroo, a vast stretch of veldt barren save for a scrub brush very much like our sage, too dry for agricultural development without irrigation, but affording grazing land for great flocks and herds. We had some glimpses of native kraals-little clearings each with its cluster of low round huts built of lUud and sticks and thatched with grass, and its company of tiny naked l~iddies. Just as the sun was setting in a blaze of glory behind the dry brown hills we saw a picturesque black shepherd, with blanket a,lld stick, driving his flock back to the fold in the kraal, at whose gate stood his wife and little brown babies. How Millet would have delighted to picture it!

At Johannesburg, besides enjoying much hospitality during our two days' stay, and addressing a recruiting meeting from the steps of the Town Hall, we had rare opportunities to see something of the life in the compounds and locations in which the natives are segregated, and to confer with those interested in and working for their welfare.

An afternoon was devoted to one of the larger mine compounds where 4,000 men are housed. The natives come from East Coast and West Coast-from a radius of a thousand miles. They represent many tribes and peoples, and we found it most interesting to note the differ- ences between them. A single great mine employs 13,000 of them, all men between the ages of 18 and 45 and very carefully chosen with a view to their health and their ability to render good service. Their wages average a little less than two shillings a day-about 45 cents-besides which their food and sleeping accommodations are furnished. While the compounds are not closed, the workers are in a measure protected from the sellers of illicit liquor-the great enemies of the native laborers all through South Africa. The houses in which the men sleep interested us. ·While the older models are far from what they should be, being poorly ventilated and having only rough shelves on which the men sleep as they may, the newer models have ample ventilation near the roof as well ~s from windows. Along two sides of each house are two rows of bunks, each .man having his own place about three feet wide by six feet six inches long and separated from his neighbors by a partition two feet high: All are of cement, and thus can be cleaned easily and frequently. The men provide their own bedding and clothing-the latter only a blanket for many of them when off duty.

We saw the great kitchen where the food is prepared, and the shower bath, which about a hundred were hugely enjoying when we looked in, and the fine hospital where those who are sick or injured have the best of care. We were told that the death rate has been low-

THE RED CROSS UNIT IN SOUTH AFRICA

ered from 28 per thousand in 1910 to 8.02 per thousand this year. Of the 13,000 employees the average is about 200 in the hospital at a time, which is the more impressive when one learns that a man is obliged to be either actually on his job or in the hospital, and that they compel the men to have treatment even for the slightest wounds, thus avoiding serious trouble in a very large percentage of cases. Capable white SONn: NA't'IVES AND '£HEIRll HOUSES IN THE OROWN lMIIIINES COMPOUND, JOHANNESBURG doctors are in charge of the hospital, and the head nurses are white. But they are training a corps of native nurses, and see large possibilities in them.

On the whole, in view of all I had read and heard on the subject, I was agreeably surprised to find what good care is being given the natives and the extent to which they are being taught cleaner and better ways of living than those to which they are used. Granted that the main motive for this is the greater economic value of the natives under proper conditions, and also that all this care is of comparatively recent date, it is none the less encouraging to find, as we did find, the government and mine officials who are charged with native affairs so deeply interested in native welfare and progress.

'Living conditions for the natives outside the mine compounds are by no means so ,good. It is obviously harder to control conditions in the slums and the districts where the blacks congregate, and we found ourselves heartily in sympathy with the efforts of the few individuals who are agitating the cleaning up of municipal compounds and the abolishment of the sale of liquor, which is such a curse to the natives.

Very little is being done for the education of the native laborers, arid much of what is being done is under missionary control.

It is In the moral realm that one sees the greatest danger of injury to the multitudes of men away from their accustomed tribal restraints.

In view of some of the native customs, the herding together of so many men creates very serious moral problems, both in the compounds them- selves and in the community. Here commercialism is inadequate to meet the situation, and the fact that a large proportion of the white popu- lation is interested only in the profit to be made from the labor of the native, makes hard sledding for those who seek some way to lift rather than to degrade those for whom their employers surely have heavy respon- sibility. Missionaries are making lttempts to reach the natives in the mine compounds and elsewhere, but their efforts are limited by the in- terest of mine owners or lack thereof, and by the antagonism of white labor, which does not desire that the native be rraaiise~d,, for fear off his competing successfully in the skilled trades. At (e present he is only permitted to en· gage in the various forms of unskilled WHERE THE WORKERS SLEEP IN labor, which the whites are only too THE CROWN MINES COMPOUND. glad to have him do for them. Thus JOHANNESBURG the jealousy of the white labor party keeps the native from the skilled labor which he is quite able to learn to perform.

As members of the Red Cross Commission, we were able to get some points of view which it would, I think, have been hard to get in one's missionary capacity. A few quotations from conversations with officials engaged in native affairs may be illuminating: "Unquestionably the native does deteriorate, especially in the towns where there is no adequate provision for housing him. In the mine compounds of the modern sort, conditions are much better for him."

"In the 'black and tan' sections of the cities he mixes with the worst sort of whites, and his respect for all whites is thereby lowered."

"The native is quite capable of rising, but we do our best to keep him down. This attitude is all too general among the whites, but if!

clearly wrong."

Nothing saddened us more than the missionary situation as we

THE RED CROSS UNIT IN SOUTH AFRICA

found it. In Johannesburg alone there are, we understand, about twenty varieties of Christian missionaries, preaching as many different interpretations of Christianity, quite unwilling to co-operate for united work on a large scale to meet the crying need for Christian social service, and, many of them, making a sad impression upon the white COInmunity by reason of their vagaries and their personal limitations.

S'l'UDEENNll' S AND FF'RIENDS AT '1111HK AMERICAN", MISSION CHAPEL, AMANZIM'Tl'OTJ,. SOUTH APRICA Among the deepest impressions made upon me so far is the need for closer co-operation on the part of missionary societies, both in their work on the fields and in the selection of those to be sent out to represent them. Only those who are big and broad and sane and trained, as well as consecrated enough to present to those to whom they go and to those with whom they travel and associate, a wholesome, virile type of Christianity should be allowed to enter foreign missionary service. Better far to rule out some consecrated young people on the ground of limited qualifications and preparation than to run the risk of the harm that may be done to the cause of Christ by the type of missionary who cannot command the respect of the European community with which he must come into contact, and whose support he ought to gain. I long to return and tell young Christians how urgent and how extremely attractive I have found missionary work to be, a'nndd'to emphasize the point that we have no right to give it other than our best young life, life thoroughly trained for its task.

At Durban, the beautiful city of Natal by the sea, I had an opportunity to visit the splendid piece of work which the American Board

is doing at Adams Mission Station, Amanzimtoti. Its location is rarely beautiful. Out in the hills, high enough to be thoroughly healthy, commanding an extended view of the country and of the sea, the mission has land enough to admit of extended agricultural work, from which a large measure of support should ultimately come_ Going from class to class, we were interested to note the breadth and the practical nature of the education being afforded the native. He is being fitted to assume a place of leadership among his own people, and, if he can be guided into that place there is a large future for the educated Zulu. He must, of course, live down the fear of the white community that he desires to compete with the white man on his level; for so long as this fear is uppermost, strong opposition may be expected to any progress for the native peoples. One hears many whites complain that the natives are spoiled by education. Usually, however, a little probing brings the admission that it is the natives who have had only a superficial contact with "civilization," not those who are the products of mission schools, who have created the impression.

In the chapel service the dominant impression was of the wonderful singing. No instrument was used, but the richness of the voices gave the effect of a great organ, The students sang for us in English and then in Zulu, and we had opportunity to hear and to admire their musical language.

'Ve were interested in the fine workmanship on the beautiful home of the principal, built by student labor. It would do credit to any group of workmen. We were also interested to see the stretch of sugar cane under native cultivation-an important asset for the school.

It was my great privilege on Sunday morning to. go out with Mr. LeRoy, the principal of the school, and two members of the faculty, and with an interpreter who is a student in the theological department, to an outstation where services are held under a great Mtombe tree.

The parent tree with the younger trunks sprung from it covered a space about sixty feet in diameter. Near the center was a rude pulpit, and there were logs for those to sit upon who might not prefer the ground. 'Ve found there one of the missionaries and with him ten of the older students-second generation Christians, who had come to form our choir. Word of our coming had not been widely circulated, so the attendance was not far above normal, but there were about sixtyfive there,-several members of the church, a considerable group of men and women who, while not yet confessors, are indicating real interest, and a number of pretty raw heathen. Three of the women were nearly naked, very much decorated with red clay and bright beads, and each bearing her little offshoot sitting astride her back and held in place by a strip of cloth. It was most interesting to see the people quietly approaching from all directions, and padding in on their bare feet. Some carried dishes of food on their heads, as it is their hospitable

THE RED CROSS UNIT IN SOUTH AFRICA

custom to bring food for the preacher and the boys who come to help with the singing.

The service was in Zulu-musical and sweet save for the occa- sional clicks which we Europeans find so hard for our stiff tongues.

I found it thrilling to stand with these simple people and sing with them the hymns we love, whose tunes were familiar to me, but whose words in Zulu were strange. The reading of the ~ible and the prayers· were most solemn and impressive, despite the fact that the only words I could understand were "Baba" and "Jesu."

They were .followed with close at- tention. Then I was introduced to the people-and to my first ex- perience of talking through an in- terpreter. It was hard work-in spite of the fact that he was skilful and really made a most flowing speech out of my feeble effort. M.y heart at least was warmed as I spoke from our beloved John 3 :16. 'l Two native men and one woman" r prayed-most fervently-and again! lU"==:~~~~.~.".==:'.:.;=;'_ '–_ ——'"''''-'-'_ =-_ -~-=-''=''''=''''~'''

I was thrilled to hear them pour AN AFRICAN FLOWER OF TIilE SLUMS '

out their hearts to God, whom they have come to know and love, and to realize the practical value of missions to save and add value to life.

After the service we all sat down on the ground and enjoyed a native meal"-mealies, or corn boiled in the husk and allowed to cool (most delicious,-we make a great mistake to dress it up as we usually do); amadumbi, the root of the elephant ear, young and tender and sweet; amadumbi·dumbi, the same root grown larger, and not so tasty; izindhlubu, a nut not unlike our peanut, and possessed of the same "moreish" quality; and a sort of muskmelon. We made a hearty meal, to the great delight of the simple folk whose gracious hospitality had provided it. Then we washed our hands in the cleanly and economical manner of the Zulus by pouring a littIl{e' water over them, and were ready for the long walk home.

On our way we called at. the kraal of Mr. Mkani Mpumulo-a very old man whose five wives and more than twenty sons (he does not know how many daughters he has had, having never taken the trouble to count!) give evidence of his heathen estate. Two of his sons, how- ever, are interested in the church and have refused to take more than one wife. The kraal is a fine large one, with a big hut–its walls of mud and sticks and its roof of a grass thatch-for the old man and

another for his sons, a hut each for his wives and for his sons' wives, and the usual cattle enclosure. A truly patriarchal life, you see!

We entered the largest hut, and found its floor smooth and polished with its covering of fresh cow dung-"native cement," the missionaries call it. In one corner were three goats-very much part of the family. In another corner-if a round hut can have corners-were the cooking utensils and the gourds full of maasi, the fermented milk of which they are so fond-and of which we later had to partake, to the great distress of at least one of the visitors.

The mother of the family, in characteristic native undress, and with hair stiffiy dressed with red clay to show her wife's estate, occupied a place on the floor not far from the goats, and three or four naked little children were playing about. Around the walls hung the gala dresses of the family-roughly dressed skins and strings of beads and bits of bright-colored cloth-while the family's beds, made of woven grasses, were neatly rolled and laid aside for the daytime. By comparison with other huts which we saw, this one showed the dawning of higher standards of living, being clean and orderly, and constructed with greater care.

I confess to a feeling of surprise that the native life which I have seen was not more repulsive. The people are very human and attractive. They have, many of them, beautiful bodies. It is a pleasure to watch the play of the muscles under the chocolate-colored surface of the shoulders of the carriers and stevedores who work about the vessel. '1'he simplicity and the genuine courtesy of the people must make their appeal-but the strongest attraction is the greatness of the need which the lives and the faces show, and the challenge to see what may be made of them through sane sympathy and practical education, by the power of God. Such a mission field as Amanzimtoti would be a wonderful place in which to live one's life.

On Sunday evening I had the great privilege of preaching in English to all the students in the fine chapel at Adams. It was inspiring to speak to those young African lllen and women, and to sound the same note of service-the call thereto and the privilege thereof.–as I would have sounded had they been a group of American students in the dear homeland. These black boys and girls have tremendous opportunities before them if they will but go back to their kraals and villages and live and teach there the new life into which they themselves have entered. Some are seeing the vision, and are giving up what to them are large financial opportunities for the greater privilege of preaching the Gospel and teaching their own people.

Both Arnanzimtoti and Durban, however, call for genuine sacrifice on the part of the mi&<lionaries. 'rhe life of the missionary is by no means one of softness and ease. The work is hard, monotonous and exacting; the large part of the community is out of sympathy with itand it is not easy to be continuously misunderstood.

® @ ~".-,,,,B..dEti6.S…-TUM~EJitT-wuH"''O''bDihIS.,:._.",~n

BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA Chairman of the Committee on Methods of Work of the Federation of Woman's Foreign Mission Boards The Christmas Missionary Opportunity A GAIN the Christmas time draws near. Dost thou sigh for Bethlehem? Would'st thou that thine eyes might behold the glory of the star over Judea's plains? That thine ears might hear the music of the angel's song? Condemnest thou the keeper of yon inn so overcrowded with meaner guests that no room was there for the Christ? Enviest thou the shepherds privileged to pay first tribute to the new-born King? Thinkest thou thy gifts would have shamed the rich treasure of the wise men could'st thou have hastened to Bethlehem to open thy treasures and lay them at His feet?

*** Know then that the Christmas message brought with it also a Christmas commission: that the angel who said . "Behold I bring you good tidings of great joy" said also "Which shall be to all the people."

Watch thou lest because of thy lack of zeal the light of the Bethlehem star fall short of "all the people" ; lest thy voice fail to re-echo the angel's song for those who have never heard.

Search thine own heart lest in these days of overcrowding it denies place to the Christ and in its empty fullness of things it finds no room for His great Commission.

Know thou that thou may'st open at His feet today thy treasures and speed them on as messengers of His to bear the Christmas message to the millions for whom His Great Heart yearns who know not that the Lord has come.

Nineteen hundred years and more this Advent season, as our hearts make are gone since the Christmas message ready again for the coming of the first was given, yet there remain more King, let us prepare for the greatest than one thousand millions of "the missionary Christmas the world has people" to whom it has never yet been ever known. Never was there a world told. We speak of millions so lightly of so much suffering, never a world of in these days of big figures that scarce- so much need, never a world of so ly do we comprehend the immensity of many aching hearts and, because of that great throng who have never the suffering and the need and the heard of the only Savior of the world. aching hearts, never was there a world For every moment that has passed of such missionary opportunity. Besince He bade us go into all the world there is one somewhere who has never gin now to prepare the whitest of heard the Christmas message. During white gifts for the King.

Lov~ That Gives other lands, we catch some idea of the possibility of· Christmas hospitality. The. beginning of all Christmases was recorded when it was written A great missionary leader of China "For God so loved the world that he said: "One student who returns to gave his only begotten son." Here China thoroughly converted is worth also the boundaries to be touched by a whole mission." From the secretary Christmas love were defined with a for China of the Continuation Comworld-wide circle. No Christmas can mittee of the Edinburgh Conference there be without giving-and short of came this message when he found that full measure falls every Christmas cele- the man who worked hardest, after bration that does not embrace a world the Chinese Revolution, to make Conin its reach. fucianism the state religion of China was a Ph.D. of Columbia University: Christmas, 1918, should be the "What were the Christians in America world's greatest giving Christmas. The doing during the years he was in colslogan "No Christmas presents this lege ?" year," should mean the release of funds for real giving to Him whose Miss Siok Au Chiu, a Radcliffe stubirth we celebrate. The long list of dent, furnishes us this delightful de- "Useful Gifts" which we were wont scription of her first Christmas in one to grab at frantically just before of the choicest Christian homes in Christmas to pay back the people we America: knew were grabbing similar lists to pay us back with dust catchers for the American Home Life rest of the year, are not going to be used this year. "The first American home, where r People everywhere are planning to had the fortune to be welcomed the open up their treasures and pour them first Christmas I was in America, was out for a great needy world. Shall a cosy little one of three-mother, our churches and our missionary soci- daughter and uncle. It was in the eties stand back and miss this great town of Beverly, Mass. I was not the opportunity, or shall we plan in all our only lucky one, for five other Chinese churches this year such Christmas giv- girls were also invited. It was late ing as we have never dreamed of pro- that Christmas eve when we arrived at posing before? the house. Except for the light· in front of the door, the house was dark. Christmas Guests As the mother and daughter of the house ushered us into the hall, and as The home base is a good starting we turned our heads toward the dimlypoint for all enterprises. One of the lit parlor, something gleaming and great lessons the war has taught us is sparkling struck our eyes. 'It's a more unselfish sharing of our homes. Christmas tree purposely put up for We have swung wide the doors to our you children,' said the kind mother, men in khaki. In such a time as this beaming with smiles. 'Now you must no one wants to be numbered with the go to bed at once and rest yourselves. man who eats his morsel alone. Even Norma will take you upstairs and put before the lessons of war-time hospi- you to bed.' No matter how curious tality, some of our missionary leaders we were, we were guests there for the had thought' of the loneliness the first time and could not very well in- Christmas holidays brought to foreign trude into the parlor to have a peep at students in our American schools, and the tree, much as we wished to do so, had included them among their Christ- before going upstairs. The charming mas guests. When we remember that daughter, Norma, took us upstairs and there are in our United States 1,500 showed us the bedrooms. There were students from China, 1,000 from Japan a single room, a double room, and a and more than 2,000 from South large room with two double beds and a America, with smaller numbers from couch. 'You may choose your room-

1918J BEST METHODS

mates. Two of you can go into the to bed. At about half past four we double room. Perhaps you two had got up, walked on tiptoe to sit on the better take the double room,' she said staircase by a candle-light, and began in a very pleasing voice, looking at to sing our Chinese hymn with the Lucy and Grace who were sisters. one verse repeated several times; then 'Mother says that we'd better put the it was followed by 'Silent Night' in weak one in the single room so that she English. As soon as we had finished can have as much rest as she wants.' singing we ran to bed again and rested Having said so she looked at me. I until it was time to get up for break- was not really weak, but I had not been fast.

feeling well at all during my last few "At breakfast table, Mother P – – months in America, owing to the asked Uncle McGill if he had heard change of climate, I suppose. My kind any angels singing early this morn- Bradford teacher had been so thought- ing.

ful that she wrote to the mother about "'Sure enough,' remarked Uncle my not being well, as soon as the invi- McGill, 'and they were not American tation came. So the single room was angels either, for they sang in a lan- assigned to me, and the rest of the guage I could not understand. They girls had to take the large room. Af- were sweet though.' Uncle McGill ter having shown the rooms, Norm'! was always in good humor.

bade us good-night and went down- "'It was really angelic,' repeated stairs. Knowing that there was no- Mother P–.

body else on the top floor we began to "'The lovely singing is still in my feel at home and inspect our rooms ears,' Norma joined in.

closely. "We talked a great deal at the " 'Aren't the beds soff and comfort- breakfast table, the hostess, the host, able? New blankets and comforters!' and the six Chinese guests all taking whispered one of the girls. part. When we were about to rise " 'Here! we have each a writing- from the table Mother P – – said: table and a chair-stationery and ink 'We must now go to see what Santa all provided!' cried another softly. Claus has to give us. I hung six " 'Come and see. the number of hand stockings for you six children with and bath towels all beautifully em- your name on each.'

,broidered with initial P-so nice and "We all left the dining room and clean!' exclaimed another giI1 coming went i,nto the parlor. As soon as we out of the bathroom. caught sight of the six red silk stock- " 'Silence,' said another. 'It would ings hanging on the fire-place loaded be a shame if we are overheard. with Christmas gifts, we forgot that Let's think of something to celebrate we were in a strange home and began Christmas. Why not sing a Christmas to shout with joy. Besides the gifts hymn in Chinese early in the morning in the stockings there were packages before they are up?' printed with our names. As we emp- "'That's a good idea, but I've for- tied our stockings and opened our gotten the words.' packages we found Christmas pres- " 'We can write out the words and ents from both known and unknown learn them by heart. Vye need only friends-candies, nuts, books, hand- one verse. They won't know it if we kerchiefs, sewing-boxes, pictures, pic- , repeat the same verse many times.' ture-frames, Christmas cards, home "One of the girls who was gifted letters, and what not. For the most with a better memory than any of the part of the morning we could do noth- rest, began to dictate the first verse of ing but sit before the fire-place reading the hymn, 'Joy to the world,' in and answering letters. We could not Shanghai, while another girl wrote it help telling our dear ones at home of down in Chinese. After some more how thoughtful and kind Mother whisperings and gigglings we all went P-'-, her family and her friends were

to have planned such a surprise party not to disappoint her, I made an· effort for us, whose memory of our 'Home at showing my little, frail, broken Sweet Home,' was still fresh in mind. voice. 'She has a sweet voice,' was the Had we been left in the boarding polite remark, given more for the sake school for the vacation with a few of encouraging me, I believe. My school teachers and servants, our first impression of an American Christmas singing was followed by piano solos vacation would have become a cold by some of the girls. The most enjoyand dismal one. Now our home let- able number on the musical program ters were filled with jolly, happy mes- of the afternoon was the song, 'It's a sages and beautiful descriptions of the Long Way to Tipperary' by a maid, home whose mother had been far- at the special request of Mother P-. sighted enough to have seized the first She stood at the door of the parlor in opportunity to impress on us a most a modest manner and started to sing beautiful pidure of American home right away without bothering about life. the right key or giving excuses. She did not have a trained voice, but she "Our first morning in a strange knew the song well, was steady, and home passed away more quickly th2.n completed her performance without a under ordinary circumstances. Soon break anywhere. If her singing was the Christmas dinner was ready. It not appealing, her courage and sweet would have been a grand occasion disposition were admirable. Person~ even for American children'. Besides ally, I marvelled 'at the simplicity an.d our family of nine, there were an old willingness on her part, because she lady and an old gentleman, who were was not a young girl. She was heart- 110ther P–'s good friends. Eleven of us made up quite a large family. ily applauded. The most wonderful sight at the din- "As the weather was not fine for the ner was the appearance of an enormous turkey. We had tasted Ameri- whole day, we stayed in the house the can turkey at the last Thanksgiving rest of the day. About half past six dinner in the school, but we had never a light supper was served. After supseen a whole turkey brought to the per, Mother P– read to us until table, In our little minds, we began to about half past nine when she contremble for Mother P–, as we were ducted prayers and sent us to bed with anxious to know how she would a motherly kiss, and so ended our first handle such a huge turkey. But the day in a good, orderly, pious, Amerisize of the bird did not trouble Mother can Christian home. The combination P – – at all. She kept on talking of motherly tenderness and fatherly now to her friends, now to us girls, solemnity in Mother P–, the charm and without showing any nervousness, and sweetness of sister Norma, and she finished serving eleven of us in a the boyish disposition and ever enterfew minutes. The charm of her con- taining humor of Uncle McGllI reversation dispelled our sympathetic vealed to us, as never before, the gennervousness for her. There were uine characteristics of true Americans more things on the table than I could in their home. readily count. In fact, all the good Christmas "eats" purchasable at mar- "Our program for the rest of our ket were represented. We left the holidays was far from monotonous. table stuffed up to the neck with deli- One day we were invited out to tea; cacies. another day we were el)tertained by the young people of a Congreg-ational "After dinner, we all sat around the Church in Beverly; again another day fire with our sewing to pass the time. Mother P – – took us to Boston and Mother P– suggested that I should Cambridge to see the famous buildsing something, as she knew that I ings and historical places. Now and, was taking vocal lessons. In order then, Mother P– would give tea parties and dinner parties in order to introduce American friends. And so

BEST METHODS

on we went through the week with no the map in a frame made for that purtwo days having similar activities and pose. amusement. *** "Our first Christmas vacation in America passed away like a dream, Cut large Christmas bells out of red and left in us the impression that we cardboard. On each one paste a mishad been in America for months, and sionary picture and one or more created in us the feeling of being at words of the verse: "Good tidings of home." great joy which shall be to all people." Suspend bells on a rope of greens.

A MISSIONARY NOTE IN THE EIGHT SUGGESTIONS TO GIVERS DECORATIONS INSTEAD OF POST CARDS mail at- Try Some of These Suggestions tractive missionary leaflets to bear your Christmas greetings to your A large outline map of the world friends this year. Some of the Boards wreathed in greens. Tiny star- have issued dainty folders wreathed in shaped apertures cut at every mission holly and decorated with Christmas station to which the congregation is bells. Hundreds of these leaflets were contributing. Behind each of these a sent out last year carrying a new missmall electric light. Above the map a sionary message of Christmas to many large star outlined with lights. As people. W rite to your Board for the Scripture story of the coming of sample. If you fail to find any, adthe Savior is told, turn on the lights dress an inquiry to the editor of this which outline the large star represent- department. ing the star of Bethlehem. As the story of how the light of the Christ- GIFTS FOR OUR OVERSEAS FORCES mas star has been carried to the dif- should be the first ones to go. Serial ferent mission stations is told, flash letters written by different friends, the light through the stars at these sent early with a "Do not open until points. Candles may be used where December 25" seal, may turn a day of electric lights are not available. loneliness and gloom into a day of gladness. Pathetically humorous is Two large ch*arts*or*banners framed the arrival of Christmas presents long after the New Year has been ushered in greens, one on either side; on one, in. Hasten your greetings if an ocean "The Christmas Message: Behold I voyage lies before them. Bring You Good Tidings of Great Joy." On the other, "The Christmas Since it is very difficult this year to Commission: Which Shall Be to All send parcel post packages, Christmas the People." purses are being made up for many missionaries, which will enable them *** to supply some needs long overlooked.' Cash gifts have, the additional ad- A large star made of pasteboard vantage of being free from duty. covered with red, green or gold paper. In the center a picture of the nativity; A GIFT THAT LASTS through the on the points of the star, pictures from year is the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF mission stations in different lands in THE WORLD sent to your pastor, or which the Gospel is being preached; some other friend, .to your home and underneath, the query : "How points foreign missionaries, or to the reading our Christmas star?" room of a college or library.

*** FOR THE Boys AND GIRLS a year's subscription to Everyland means A map of the country or countries twelve gifts instead of one and begins to which the Christmas offering is to a missionary influence which can not be given; some one in each class or circle appointed to collect the Christ- be estimated. mas offering and convert it into bills; ADD MISSIONARY BOOKS to your as these are brought forward by class representatives, festoon them around Christmas shopping list. More than

one great man has paid tribute to the had given a million dollars to evan- molding influence of the friend who gelize India and this wonderful wom- placed good books within his reach. an were the only convert he should Some of the splendid missionary feel that his money had been well ex- books, new and old, should have place pended. This man was greatly im- in your Christmas giving-to the girls pressed by hearing that Miss Singh and boys of your acquaintance, to had said that after reading Drum- your Sunday-school library and to in- mond's "Greatest Thing in the stitutions for children. Here waits Wo.rld" she went to her room and, opportunity. falhng on her knees, thanked God At one of the summer conferences a with tears of gratitude that Christian messenger boy in his Western Union people had made it possible for her to uniform rode along just as the dele- read a book like that. gates were gathered on the broad steps for story hour. The spell of "Make it possible for another "Once upon a time" bound him and he woman to read such a book," he said stopped to listen until the story was as he handed a dollar to the woman finished. who told him the story.

"Like that story?" asked some one. One of the recent committees of the "You bet," was the ready answer. Federation of Foreign Mission Boards With an eye quick to see oppor- of North America that is opening up tunity, the ,chairman of the conference and entering into a new field of marwho was standing by got a copy of velous opportunity is the committee "*Stories of Brotherhood," the book on Christian Literature for Women from which the story was taken, and and Children in Mission Fields. gave it to the boy, telling him that Think of the opportunity of placing in there were other stories as interesting the hands of a Japanese woman a copy as the one to which he had been listen- of "The Meaning of Prayer!" When mg-. we think of the unread treasures of Just a messenger boy who paused our own book shelves and then hear as he rode along-just another chance from the lips of our missionaries how to help make a boy's ideals. eagerly the Christian women and Just a girl who takes you up and children of Oriental lands are reaching down on the elevator every day-just out for the pitifully small number of the privileg-e of giving another life a Christian books translated into the world vision. languages of the mission fields, we welcome the dollar drive announced Just a delivery boy who comes to by this committee. A one dollar your door-just another missionary Christmas gift will place such a book opportunity that awaits you, cap in in the hands of some Oriental woman hand. or child. Contributions may be sent to Miss Alice M. Kyle, chairman for Just a thoughtless boy and a care- the committee, 503 Congregational less girl here and there, but among House, Boston, Mass. them are boys that will think and girls that will care if we place in their GrvING THAT COSTS. Only to those hands the stories of great deeds and who share in giving that is really sacheroic service. rificial does the true joy of Christmas come. Do not be afraid to propose to A NEW BOOK OPPORTUNITY your society gifts that call for genuine denial of self. A man heard the other day for the first time the story of Lilavati Singh, Several years ago three girls decidthat young woman of India of whom ed that by self-denial they could save ex-President Harrison said that if he enough to send a Japanese stt1dent to a theological seminary. This Christ- • Published by the Missionary Education mas they have the joy of knowing Movement, 160 Fifth avenue, New York; price 30 cents, paper; 50 cents, cloth. that their gift, which has been con-

BES,];: METHODS

tinued fot' several years, has made it CHRISTMAS STEREOPTICON possible for one more native pastor to POSSIBILITIES be added to that thin line of ordained A singularly impressive Christmas ministers who are doing such valiant program may be made up of stereoptiservice in leading Japan to Christ. con pictures of the great masterpieces There may be in your congregation shown as the Scripture story is recited girls who would make a similar gift if and Christmas carols are sung. The the opportunity were presented to Missionary Education Movement, 160 them. Fifth avenue, New York, has a set of ANOTHER "INASMUCH" CALL comes twenty-three slides of celebrated to minister to the thousands of His paintings. The Movement also pub- little ones who are facing starvation lishes a little booklet, "The Christmas and death. In our Sunday-schools Spirit," price ten cents, which sug- an4 missionary societies are other gests a program of Bible readings, thousands who will gladly send them recitations and carols for an effective bread if the matter is presented to program to be used with these slides.

them. Make place in your Christmas This booklet also gives valuable sug- plans for the relief of the suffering in gestions for the celebration of Christ- Bible lands. A beautiful plan for mas by the whole church; concrete making the dividing of their bread plans for the Sunday school; the giv- real to the little children was suggest- ing Christmas, and the community ed by an elementAry leader at a sum- Christmas tree festival, with success- mer conference. This may be adapted ful experiences of many Sunday for a Christmas~giving exercise for schools, churches and communities.

children.

Announce that the Sunday-school A SURE CURE FOR MOTHS or Mission Band will pack a Christ- Moth-balls are becoming more and more expensive every day and, even at mas lunch basket for the Armenian the present soaring prices, they are children. Place on a low table or on not to be trusted. Try this Christmas the floor a lal'ge basket trimmed with an absolutely sure cure for moths. holly. Above it display pictures of Appoint a committee to receive worn Bible lands. Tell the Bible story of clothing from members of the congrethe little lad of Galilee who divided gation and to give it tactfully to those his lunch with the hungry people. who are needy. Far better than a Then tell of the hungry Armenian rumma'ge sale is the wise giving of children. Explain that we can not clothing to those to whom it will mean actually divide our lunch by handing much. In every community there are them a piece of bread, but that we can little children who suffer need that do without some things that we would might easily be supplied by the outlike to have and send the money to a grown clothing of boys and girls who man who will buy bread and give it to have a more abundant store. Tn every them for us. Announce that on the Gospel mission and. rescue home there following Sunday the lunch basket have been many instances in which will be packed with money that will the gift of respectable clothing go to .buy bread. On the following brought to men and women another Sunday give to every child a tiny chance at respectable living.

paper napkin or a piece of holly paper in which to wrap his gift and let all the children help to pack the Christ- There are among us some who mas lunch basket. For literature, pic- have learned the art of giving so won- tures, posters and other plans write to drously that even a worn garment the American Committee for Arme- which they bestow comes with no nian and Syrian Relief, 1 Madison humiliating suggestions, but seems to avenue, New York. catch the rare spirit of the giver.

UNKISSED DANDELIONS thing that might be gathered any- where for the plucking. His face fell. In the springtime when my little lad was three years old he went for a Then a gleam of light came to his eyes walk with his nurse. When he came as he glorified his gift and raised it back, a withered dandelion was clasped far above the values of the common in one small chubby hand. All the long dandelions at my feet, handing it to me blocks he carried it home to "muvver." as he said: As he ran forward to meet me, suddenly he saw that the earth was "But muvver I put a kiss on this abloom with dandelions. From every dandelion for you." nook and cranny their bright yellow faces peered out at him, cheapen- This old world of ours is full of uning his gift so carefully carried. Sud- kissed dandelions that wait love's denly his flower seemed a common transforming lips to. make them of priceless value to hearts that hunger this Christmas-time.

Nineteen hundred years ago the Lord Christ came to Bethlehem and Bethlehem knew not that the Lord had come. In her overcrowded inn was found no room for the Christ who came.

Again the advent of our Lord draws near, and now, even in our churches, some are answering "Too busy," "No time now for missions."

Shall we, too, crowd Him out? In little faces pinched with hunger let us look lest we miss Him. In the call of the uureached millions whose heart-cry is for those good tidings of great joy which the angel said should be to all the people, let us hear our Lord's call to us. In our own hearts let us make room for the coming of the King.

"The great world's heart is aching, Aching in the night, And God alone can heal it, And God alone give light; And the ones to bear the message And to speak the living word, Are you and I, my brothers, And the millions that have heard.

"We grovel among trifles, And our spirits fret and toss, While above us burns the vision Of the Christ upon the Cross; And the blood of God is streaming, From His broken hands and side, And the voice of God is pleading: 'Tell thy brother I have died.' "

Woman'5 Home Mission

EDITED BY MRS. O. R. JUDD, BROOKLYN, N. Y.

THE SIN OF WASTE manner, they took their last ride down L By Helen Merrick Semple that grim industrial valley singing the UClA, with tightly braided pig- songs of their homelands, the love of tails, tiny shawl pinned over her their hearts going out to the countries head, many skirts bulging around her in which they were born. Many a short legs-in brief, a miniature Ital- train, in all parts of the country, carian woman of the old school-fled ried such passengers, though perhaps , with shrieks before a pursuing mob of but seldom was their departure so laughing school boys and girls. They, dramatically massed. The pick and living in an American town, claiming shovel were dropped, the furnace fires to be American, in spite of diverse were drawn, the mine cars were left parentage, found in her much amuse- unfilled; and a large part of America's ment, pulled her braids, ridiculed her "immigrant problem" went back to shawl headdress, mocked her tripping that desperately problematical region I tongue, called her "dago," enraged her across the sea, without a love for "The parents, and created a community Star Spangled Banner," without a enmity that impoverished it of neigh- heart's thrill for "My Country, 'Tis of borly kindness and co-operative en- Thee, Sweet Land of Liberty." deavor. There was no one to remind Whenc«came this waste of America's them of the Italian discoverer of opportunity? Perhaps it began at the America; no one to speak of the beau- Port of Entry, where labor agents ties of Sicily, whence Lucia's family gathered up the "raw foreigners," herded them into industrial occupacame; no one to see the opportunity tions at the lowest market price, for broadening local education in tell- housed them under conditions that ing of these things; no one with that often made decency difficult, and that vision of democracy that realizes that each may offer his gift of good in his certainly offered no education in adown way, to guide that community in- vanced standards. Perhaps it conto a more closely welded life. Was tinued when communities accepted the this a waste in America's handling of solidified "foreign quarter" and visited what we are pleased to 'call the "im- it as a curiosity, when Protestant migrant problem"? Was this a failure churches gathered their skirts from to appreciate that while Americaniza- contact with these new-comers and tion may register itself in the conven- moved "up town." Perhaps the 'waste tional clothing of the country, and in was sorest when America eagerly acthe adoption of the prevailing lan- cepted dividends from business enterguage, its real meaning is in the things prises that built themselves up on of the spirit, and its real language that "cheap labor" furnished by the for- eigners, without concerning itself to of the understanding heart? inquire what those foreigners were *** getting from America aside from the money orders that furnished the In the dark afternoon of a winter ground for the bitter complaint that day in 1915, a'train load of South- they were "taking money out of the eastern European workmen, who had been employed in the steel mills of western Pennsylvania, pulled out from country." Every old freight car on a the town that had for months given siding, with ragged bedding protrudthem work and shelter, but not a home. ing from its door, or set down on a bed No regret on their faces, no tug of a of cinders, forming part of a system divided responsibility visible in their of "labor camps"; every crowded in-

dustrial tenement, with its board walls waste in American social and indus- to keep 'out the bitter winter,' and its trial life a considerable percentage of rent roll to justify its existenc;e; every which is chargeable to the wasteful "company store" that helped to keep methods of dealing with the foreigner.

the balance even between the pay en- In one of our leading industrial states velope and the charge account of the alone the record of one year's indus- non-English speaking workman was trial accidents is 260,000 casualties, in reality not the economy it wa~ de- and 2,500 fatalities-that, in spite of a signed to be, but part of a great na- well-administered system of machine tional waste that has grown to be in- guarding, and an active campaign of ternational in its effect. "safety" education. The industries of *** that state are very largely dependent upon immigrant labor; and while the "He's only a Hunkie (or a Dago, or relationship of that fact to its accident a Wop) whom nobody owns" might be rate qmnot be accurately determined, the up-to-date rendering of the refrain it is conceded that the differences in of Hood's old poem, when it comes to language, the inability to understand the discussion of industrial accidents. commands and cautions, and to read "Railroad Accident-engine thrown signs, contribute considerably to this from track when train dashes into doleful record. Is this, or is it not, an gang of workmen-nobody hurt but industrial waste, and a wastage in the two foreigners." "Explosion in Blank heart of human brotherhood?

Mills-everyone accounted for except *** five workmen thought to be Italians."

"Accident in Steel Mill-plant engine In a large industrial center in one of killed workman, name unknown, un- the northeastern states, several hun- derstood to be a Polack." Anyone dred housewives of foreign birth bus- who reads the daily papers with care ily prepared the evening meal for the will recognize these as typical head- men of their families engaged in the lines. With all due and needful allow- mills and factories of the town. Sev- ance for the difficulties in registering enty-five per cent of those men failed and keeping track of people of strange- to appear at the usual time, and wildest ly spelled names and of foreign speech, consternation reigned in the house- it must be confessed that the implica- holds that awaited them. Rumors of tion is that the foreign workmen are autocratic doings of the police, the somewhat outside the pale of human- sudden haling of peaceable and inno- ity. When, in one of our states that cent men to prison, restraint imposed has a. law regulating the hours of labor upon those not armed with some mys- for women, a hotel keeper angrily terious "card"-these set the foreign threatened that if the law persisted in quarter of the city agog, and threaten- interfering with his business he would ed riots of serious nature and import.

discharge all the women and employ It did not matter that authority ex- Polish girls, he naively confessed a plained that the draft laws were the oc- state of mind that is fairly widespread, casion of the upheaval; that the men even if unavowed. There has been no who failed to report at home for sup- more wholesome corrective on this per did not have their registration subject than the Workmen's Compen- cards, and were therefore subject to sation and Accident Insurance Laws suspicion as alien enemies, or-at the passed in the various states. Such best-as "slackers." The women only laws, arising from the conscience of a knew that their men were imprisoned civilization created by Christianity, are when they had meant no harm, and tending to counteract the waste in in- that free America had apparently done dustrial life when the direct Christian' them a wrong as bitter as that of Rus- conscience has grown lax. The toll of – sia in the days when Siberia was the industrial accidents itself represents a sudden retreat of those politically per-

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

sona non grata. After hours of patient When the great world-war broke effort by 'Some of the "international" out in 1914 there seemed justifiable workers of the Young Women's Chris- ground for the thought that Germany tian Asosciation, hastily summoned had chosen that time to open the atfrom a near-by city, the situation be- ta;ck because she believed that labor gan to lose its tenseness, and the riot troubles in Great Britain would render spectre was laid. It was found that that country less effective in the milimost of the men were properly regis- tary field. It is a matter of history tered, but had not understood the need that those labor troubles did hamper to carry their cards; that others had the early efforts that Great Britain moved to new locations without under- made to grapple with the situation so standing the need or the process, of a suddenly thrust upon her. Fortunatetransfer of registration; that practic- ly for her, she had some leaders in her ally none deserved the drastic handling national life who had done their honest that was meted out to all at first. The best to turn the industrial life of the town settled down to its ordinary out- country into Christian and brotherly ward life; but who will say that there ways. What the industrial workers of had not been a wastage in trust of the land might have been slow to do for America on the part of those who abstract love of country they gladly were doing America's work under war did in loyalty to those who had stood pressure, and who are needed now in their special friends. When one rethe binding together of the bundle of flects that such a condition could exlife that shall make the America of ist in compact Great Britain where the the future? Surely such waste-which working population is practically hoinvolved also loss of time, and lessen- mogeneous, surprise vanishes that in ing of industrial efficiency-could be vast America, with its mixture of races avoided by a little more careful adapta- ami tongues, there should be an eletion of our process of government to ment of distrust, or even disloyalty, the human material with which it deals. among some sections of the workers Such adaptation is a part of the very toward the policies of the govern- Christian democracy for which Amer- ment. Time has focused the bulk of ica stands. such dissentient opinion among the labor forces of the country in the or- *** ganizationof the Industrial Workers of the World-the much discussed "I. If such adaptation could be carried W. W." Who make up the "I. W. W."? Beyond question a considerable out consistently as the effort is made percentage of its membership, though to carry it out in many places, there by no means all, is recruited from the would come less frequently from the immigrant workers in the land. Men training camps the stories of complete bewilderment on the part of many a and women who came eagerly t,o foreign-born man as to why he is America as the land of practical fracaught in the mesh of a military activ- ,ternity, but who found ridicule, misity that he perhaps left the old world understanding, and economic oppresto escape. There would be fewer in- sion, have furnished a receptive soil stances of mothers and wives who beg for the bitter seeds of the destructive their men to "throw up the job" in the philosophy of the 1. W. W. Immigrant camp and come home to them; and workers held in practical peonage in there might not have been the basis for mine and labor camp that large divthe well certified story that comes from idends might go to stockholders who one of the camps of the stalwart, fine had never even seen the premises, turnyoung fellow who saluted his officer, ed willing ears to the doctrines of the and respectfully, but firmly, announced, crude syndicalism taught by the 1. W. "No like this job; give ten days' no- W. Industrial accidents that were actice; quit next Friday." Waste, al- cepted as the will of God, that brought ways .dangerous, becomes especially dangerous in days of national crisis.

no effort for prevention of their recur- ha.d she had Paul's breadth of convic- rence, and that were listed as affecting tion that in Christ there is neither Jew "only a Hunkie," threw discredit on nor Greek, Barbarian nor Scythian.

the altruism and justice of America, The goal of the church must be that and opened the way for the activities the Americanization of the future shall of the 1. W. W. Bad housing, "good mean that Christ is all in all, in indus- enough for the W ops, for they aren't try, in community life, and in the prin- accustomed to anything better," has ciplesof government, for the stranger helped to stultify American profes- as well as for one born in the housesions as to the equality of men. Where *** the labor unions did little because their hold. mission is to the more trained workers who may be banded together by crafts; INTERNATIONAL FRIENDSHIP and where the church of Christ hesitat- New Books by Promittent Churchmen The Christian Man, the Church and the War- ed because the task was puzzling, and By Robert E. Speer. Price 60 cents the modern pentecostal gift of tongues had not arrived,-there the 1. W. W. postpaid. entered in, and gathered from the The Nezv Horizon of State and Church- By William H. P. Faunce. Price 60 cents postpaid.

waste that had been made, the materials Cards for Christmas from which it has built its house. That The Glory of Christmaswaste caused by lack of thought, by By Lucy W. Peabody.

haste to be rich, by human unbrother- A Prayer for World Friendshipliness, has been costly enough in itself. By Harry Emerson Fosdick. Only Christian willingness to look facts in the face, and Christian justice Price: 5 cents each; SO cents per doz.; $3,50 per hundred. Postage: 1 cent each; 5 cents per doz.; 25 cents per hundred.

in meeting them can prevent the Order from World Alliance for Internacumulative cost of this waste in our tional Friendship, 105 East 22d Street, New national life from being compounded. York City.

*** *** Meanwhile, how slowly move the hosts of God America's place in the world today To claim the crown He hath already won! is unique. Let us take it, not as com- Their feet, how slack with "preparation ing from size, and wealth, and battleship programmes, but humbly, as from shod,"

To forward' plant the Gospel of His Son! "Regions beyond!" Will Christ's Church the hand of God. What special ma- ever dare terial has God put into the hand of In selfish ease to read, "Beyond His America to use for the world in the present crisis? All the nations of the care ?" earth have knocked at her gates, and representatives from most of them * '" * have entered in. Understanding of the world's peoples might have been here ASK TO SEE THE NEW PUBLICATIONS of THE COUNCIL OF WOME~r FOR HOME MISSIONS for the taking-. She might have under-. The Path of Labor-for Seniors- stood what they severally had to offer A survey of present-day labor condi- through Americanization to enrich her tions and the responsibility of Chris" national life; she might have learned tianity for the World's Workers. through them what their homelands Jack-o/-All-Trades-for Juniors- needed from her as neighborly gifts of A true story cif The Little People Who Work-Bright, interesting and just the sympathy and leading. Even the Rus- book you want for your children ill sian tangle might have yielded some- home and Sunday School.

Teacher's Manual and Supplement· and a what to this possible golden thread of Take Home Surprise Envelope! '

understanding, had it been spun. The Senior Book costs 57c. cloth; 4Oc. paper (postpaid); the Junior Book 45c. Much of this opportunity was wasted. cloth; 29c. paper (postpaid); Suppl~ment, America's magnificent gift to the world Sc.; Manual, IOc.; Take Home Envelope, today is less than it might have been lOco

·Latest News Of War

CHRISTIAN WORK FOR COLLEGE 30,000 may be in 30 or 60 villages, allel SOLDIERS in each should be a Y. M. C. A.

T HE NEW RELATION between worker. the government and many colleges has affected all plans for volun- 3. The constant shifting of troops tary religious work among students. The student department of the Y. M. over there requires constant opening C. A. has been made a bureau of the of new work. .

War Work Council of the Association, 4. The broken means of communiso that the college work is to be put cation calls for our own carnian and on a definite war basis. Each college automobile service-expensive but eswith 250 or more students is to have sential. a regular secretary on the same terms as in the army camps, and colleges 5. Higher prices for everything over with fewer students will have part there, and constantly increasing. time workers or regulated volunteer workers. Instead of lessening effort 6. The urgency of the situation. for Bible and missionary study, the stud1ent department intends to be even Now is the only time. We must pour more vigilant. A group of thought- out money like water-not extravaful leaders from central colleges and g-antly, but wisely and generously. universities gathered at Evanston, Illi- The boys over.there cannot wait. nois, September 9 and 10 and committed themselves to effort for sending 7. The extreme devotion of our young men out to the war with settled men. "I have had it out with death," and intelligent religious convictions. It one of the boys said to me. That is will now be the part of the appointing true of every American boy. power to see to it that military officers sent into these colleges are sympa- A UNITED CAMPAIGN FOR FUNDS thetic with their ideals and traditions. The college leaders will do their part. FOLLOWING a request from Pres- A clean-hearted, dear-minded, ideal- ident Wilson, on the ground that istic young army will be ready when these young men are called. Did ever the public may be relieved' from ihe the colleges need more solicitous con- burden of an unnecessary number of cern from the Christian church?- campaigns for patriotic funds, there is The Continent. to be (November 11-18) a joint cam- paign for welfare funds for the Allied WHY? soldiers and sailors, to be participated in by the Young Men's Christian As- JOHN R. MOTT gives seven rea- sociation, the Young Women's Chris- sons why the hundred millions are tion Association, the War Camp Com- munity Service, the American. Lineeded for the war work of the Y. M. Libary Association, the National· Cath- olic War Council, the Jewish WeHare C. A.: Board, and the Salvation Army. 1. Because overseas the Y. M. C. A. For some reasons this union of secis the only agency able to do this work tarian and non-sectarian enterprises is on an adequate scale. unfortunate, but the combination will no doubt develop a larger interest and 2. Because over there the forces are there will be less duplication of effort scattered, and small units must be and less expense, than by separate served. A single division of less than campaigns.

A National Joint Executive Com- mittee has already been organized and is at work with headquarters in New

York City. It is composed of mem- cared for, many of them Armenians. bers of each of the participating or- The Friends' plan is to erect small ganizations and represents them in the wooden houses, provide seeds for set-up and conduct of the campaign. planting and try to get them estab- The total sum asked for is $170,500,- lished where they are. OOO—-the largest benevolent fund ever sought in a brief campaign. This is In France, the work of the Friends divided as follows: The Y. M. C. A., has been along the Marne. American $100,000,000 ; the Y. W. C. A. and the saw mills have made it possible to War Camp Communities Service, $15,- construct fifteen houses per week, and 000,000 each; National Catholic War crude furniture in immense quantities. Council (including the Knights of Grain has been harvested in the South Columbus), $30,000,000; Jewish Wel- Dakota way and' an experimental farm fare Board, the Salvation Army, and of five hundred acres is being put into the American Library Association, $3,- operation, where American Friends 500,000 each. are teaching French peasants modem farm methods. In other localities, THE SALVATION ARMY IN Friends., are leading in reconstruction work, not only of farms, but of schools FRANCE and public institutions.

NEARLY fifty "hutments," naval SURVEY OF MILITARY CAMPS and military homes, reading and AND NAVAL STATIONS rest rooms are operated by the Salva- A SURVEY of the moral and retion Army in France. These centers ligious forces in United States -a hut if one can be built, an old military camps and naval stations has barn, i:f that is available, or a deserted been made by Rev. S. M. Cavert chateau, if that happens to be on the under the direction of the General spot, but in any case made as homelike War Time Commission of the as ingenuity can contrive-are located Churches. This Survey tells where wherever most accessible to soldiers, the camps are, what religious forces the nearer the front the better. are at work in them and in the neigh- borhood and also the church co-opera- A worker and his wife usually com- tion and community service. All the pose the entire staff of such a center. facts contained in the Survey will be The woman makes pies, cookies and of interest to Christian people. When doughnuts, sews on buttons and seeks America entered the war there were in every way to fill the place of mother 41 chaplains in the Navy; there are to the soldier from across the seas. now 150. In place of 67 regular Army Her husband co-operates in all the chaplains there are now 750. The work, often carrying their wares to Y. M. C. A. maintains 275 stations in the boys who are unable to come to America with over 3,000 secretaries in the center. service, 450 of them in exclusively re- ligious work. AMERIG:AN FRIENDS IN RECON- STRUCTION WORK Local churches in the neighborhood of camps are doing a notable work. T HE American Society of Friends There is scarcely an important mili- has led all other Christian or- tary or naval center where churches ganizations in reconstruction work in have not established social rooms, and both Russia and France. In Buzuluk, welcomed the men to homes and redirectly north of the Caspian Sea, ligious services. The booklet can be Friends have built two hospitals and secured from the Federal Council of last year treated 70,000 out-patients. Churches, 105 East 22nd St., New Children by the thousands in this Rus- York. sian district have lost their parents and are even ignorant of their names. Altogether, 100,000 people are here to bt

fROM MANY JLAND>S

LATIN AMERICA a beginning which will expand as time goes on; and the teachers' training DR. Education in Panama conferences will reap important ad- WEBSTER E. BROWNING, vantages. S~cretary of Education of the Committee of Co-operation in Latin Reconstruction in Guatemala America, recently visited Panama in .the course of his review of educational THE rebuilding of Guatemala City conditions in South and Central Amer- out of the ruins left by the earthica. He says that Panama affords a strategic location for a university of quake of last December is proceeding, high grade and modern methods. It although progress is e~ceedingly slow. is the natural center of an area as The cost of clearing away the debris of great as all the United States east of the shattered mission buildings is althe Mississippi and has a population most equal to the price of a new locaof 13,000,000. There is no adequate tion. The walls average four feet in public school system and nothing high- thickness and all this broken material er than the National Institute, whose must be hauled away in ox carts before completed course about corresponds the work of rebuilding can begin. The with the close of the Fres'hman year new printing house of the Presbyterian in an American college. Mission is almost completed and chmch services have been held there Protestant mission work is main- each week. A new residence has also tained in Panama, but there is no been completed for Rev. W. B. Allison theological seminary, nor even a Bible and this serves as a school until a new training school. No provision what- building can be put up. This home is ever is made for training a native min- used also as a social center for the peoistry, except as the overworked mis- pIe, whose own homes are cheerless sionary is able to give a little inter- and uninviting. mittent instruction to those under his supervision. The natural result is that Christian Education in Costa Rica there is neither an adequate supply of native preachers nor anything but the SPIRITUAL destitution in Costa most meager attainments in the few Rica is not most marked among that are there. When all the churches combine to establish a worthy training the poor and ignorant, but among the educated and influential. The "ignorschool on a. scale commensurate with antes" find a certain sort of religious solace in the confession and mass, but the need, the spiritual significance will the intellectuals, after ceasing" to ac;- be more far-reaching than the results cept superstitious trumpery, have come of completing the canal. to a passive denial of all faith, and o£ten these men are filled with hope- ASunday School Conference in Argentina less despair. The new Methodist T a Sunday School Workers' Con- Episcopal Mission, however, is able to ference, recently held in Buenos show "some interesting developments Aires, much enthusiastic interest was among the intelligent, but spiritually awakened among teachers, superin- d:estitute people of Costa Rica. Judges, tendents and pastors. South America is offioials, teachers and business men atmanifesting much" interest in Sunday- tend the services and acknowledge that school work. In one mission school a they find there a basis for a faith that model kindergarten has been establish- can meet the needs of their lives. ed, where teachers from different churches go and receive instruction by The next step must be the establishobserving and helping. This is only ing of a high grade day school which will bring Christian education to the

families of these men. Such a school without fear or favor. The way will can soon, becDme self-supporting, for not be without difficulty, for many of many of those whO' have experienced the MennDnite parents will suffer ima change of heart are eager to' help prisonment before they will permit malintain this new school. Rev. Ed- their children to attend a public school. uardo Zapata of Mexico, opened the way for the work of this mission. The DDminion Government has also From San Jose as a center the move- decided to take actiDn in regard to ment extended to Cartago, Alejuela the Dukhooors. There are two groups and San Sebastian and requests are of these people in Canada, one comcoming in cDnstantly frDm Dther points munity numbering abDut seven hunfor the DrganizatiDn Df evangelistic dred and ,the other five hundred. The work. GDvernment will allow those in the larger group to purchase land up to Summer School in New Mexico fifteen acres per person and the smaller group may take up homesteads where FOURTEEN Spanish-speaking lands are available in lieu Df purchas- ministers cDnducted a summer ing an allotment. Dukhobors who pur- chase land lose their homesbead privischool at Albuquerque, N. M., during leges. These measures are designed to the second week in July for the pur- lead these two peculiar peoples toward pose of improving the morale Df Mex- intelligent and loyal Canadian citizenican working forces. Rev. Vincent ship. Mendoza, formerly editor of the Christian Advocate of MexicO' City, New Bureau to Promote Americanism was one of the speakers. E. B. Garcia, lawyer and Harvard graduate, AMERICANIZING rhe strangers sp()ke also. He is a son of the first within our gates is the task Spanish missionary of the Methodist Episcopal church. Classes were held which the Methodist Episcopal Board each day to discuss such topics as of Home Missions proposes to set "The History of the Bible," "The a,bout at once. An array of facts Work of the Master" and "The Art bearing Dn the fDreign problem, Df Winning Souls." There were marshaled from all parts of the many practical working suggestiDns country, revealed conditions which degiven and much spiritual inspiration. mand immediate attention. During the last ten years the number of aliens in NORTH AMERICA America unable to' speak English has risen 142%. AlthDugh accurate re- Dukhobors and Mennonites in Canada ligious statistics are less easily obtain- ed, the most cDnservative students of WITH a view to' assimilating the the problem estimate that fully two- Mennonite Community of Sas- thirds of these fDreigners have no church affiliations whatever. The first katchewan,' and inducing them to' con- step in meeting this situation has been form to' Canadian ideals, the Premier the establishment .of a Bureau of of the Province has decided upon a Americanization to which any pastor drastic policy toward these singular in a neighborhood with a foreignpeople. The MennDnites will not ac- speaking element can take his difficulknowledge any human government; ties and get suggestions. Speakers they live a life entirely apart frDm will tDur thDse sections of the country other settlers and maintain customs where the foreign problem is most far remDte frDm Anglo-Saxon stand- acute, to point to' the English-speaking ards. Since they Dwn all the land in churches the responsibility that 'must their tDwnships, they prevent the es- be theirs. Broadly speaking, the protablishment of pUiblic schools. But the gram is divided intD 'evangelism, re- Premier, whO' is also Minister of Edu- LigiDus education and community catiDn, intends to' see that three model service; and it is the intention to' coschools are erected and that compulsory attendance upon them is enforced

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

operate everywhere with agencies al- read the Lord's Prayer and the prayer ready at work, so that there may be no of the Pharisee and that of the publi- overlapping. can. The young student was becom- ing more and more deeply interested TCommunity Center Project and finally he said, "I, too, would like HE Plaza Community Center of to make the prayer of the publican."

Los Angeles has set about aocom- After that they turned to the story of plishing a practical task in adopting a Saul's conversion and he was deeply program for spreading the Gospel interested in this, as it recalled to his among the people of many languages mind the stories of the Boxer rebel- and creeds in that community. The lion. With tears in his eyes, but smil- Methodist Episcopal Board of Home· ing, he said he was ready to accept Missions has voted $25,000 toward the Christ as his Lord.

$150,000 needed for an eight story in- This young student had been sent stitutional building, which is to be the over from China to study modern min- headquarters for several lines of wel- ing methods and was on his way to fare work The Plaza Institutional the School of Mines at Butte, Mon- Church has for some time been car- tana. He had planned to go direct rying on a work to make useful citi- from Seattle, but changed his route to zens of the Mexican, Spaniard, Italian, go through San Francisco, with the French, Austrian and Syrian industrial result that he found the Bible and workers of Los Angeles. There is a Jesus Christ.

health club, an employment bureau and a "Good Will Store," in which the Extension Work in Texas employees begin the day by having CHRISTIAN work among the Mex- prayer together; visitation of the sick icans in Texas has many oppor- and religious services in jail'S are also tunities and not a few discourage- features of this opening of the door ments. It is largely conducted in the through which men of all nations may country or small towns, and as the enter the Kingdom of God. people are continually on the move, looking for better work, a church that AA Conversion on an Express Train flourishes one year may be reduced to REPRESENTATIVE of· the alm?~t nothing the next. But many New York Bible Society was famIlIes return to Mexico, and there traveling from San Fr~ncisco to New they o.ften form the nucleus for future York and met two young Chinamen in evangelical churches.

the car, one of whom was seen to be A missionary to.. these people in reading an English history. When Texas describes their eagerness to asked if he had ever read the Bible hear· the Gospel message in the folhe said he had not; that on his way lowing incident: to America he had joined the Y. M. C. A. in Shanghai, but had never read "One time, in one of the pastoral a verse in the Bible-in fact he had visits, after traveling about tweIlity never seen one. The traveler from miles, I preached what I thought was San Francisco at once handed him a enough. Just before the final hymn a man told me, 'Brother, you come copy of the Gospel, which he read for once every four weeks; I had to walk an hour and then asked, "Is this all five miles while my family came in of the Bible?" When told it was not, the wagon; I would like to know ;if he said he would like to have it all. He was given a copy of the entire you can preach that sermon again.'

Bible and for several hours he read As I saw that the people wanted to with glowing interest the story of J e- hear more, while they sang I took sus Christ. "It is all so wonderful," another outline and preached the sec- he said. "We have nothing to com- ond sermon in the same service. I pare with it in our classics." He next was glad to. find a place where the

people didn't complain of the length to remedy this situation is the formaof the sermon." tion of federated churches, composed of two or more denominations, retain- One Mexican family was obliged to ing their denominational affiliations, move to a place where there was no but co-operating in all local religious church, but wrote regularly to their matters and being served by one paspastor once a month. He sent them tor. The experiences of more than periodicals and they had their Sun- thirty churches of this kind furnish day-school every Sunday afternoon. evidence that the plan is not only work- They moved three times within a year, able, but that the federated church is but wherever they went they held more successful than the usual oountheir services and sent the small offer- try church. ings of their services to the school to which they belonged.-The Mission- THE Contrasts in Alaska ary Survey. ~ativ~ Alaskan of ~Dday is ?e- commg, III some sectIOns, an Ill- Lutheran Churches Unite telligent and progressive factor in the life of the territory. Recently a pLANS have been completed by the daughter of the Hydah tribe made General Synod, the United Synod application for United States citizen- ship, and after examination was pro- South and the General Council of the nounced qualified to exercise intelli- Lutheran Church to form a metg"er, gently the duties of an elector-the which will be incorporated under the first native woman of Alaska to relaws of New York State, under the ceive citizenship. Her father is a name of the United Lutheran Church. staunch elder of the Hydaburg Pres- Application has been made .to Con- byterian Church. All through Southgress for a Federal charter. These eastern Alaska, natives are taking up three-. bodies represent a membership homesteads, organizing villages upon of 760,000; three thousand five hun- sound civic principles, reading the dred ministers andi church prop- daily papers, putting telephones and erty worth $66,000,000. The meet- electtic lights into their homes-in a ing in New York City on November word, are proving the value of Chris- 15, at which the union will be effected:, tian citizenship. will be attended by more than 800 delegates who will come from every But there is a.nother side to the picstate in the Union, and it is expected ture and the contrast between the unthat many thousand clergymen and churched and the Christianized Alaslaymen will be present. kans is distressing. Scores of villages in the Bristol Bay region live where AChurch Survey in Ohio no Protestant missionary has ever STATE-WIDE rural survey of been and the one Greek priest who .ohio, the first to be made of an had ministered to the needs of 1,700 entire state, has brought to light the people is now dead. The revolution need of federated effort on the part in Russia has cut off the support of of the churches and missionary organ~ Russian missions in Alaska, leaving izations. More than 4,000 churches the spiritual destitution and physical have a membership of less than one wretchedness of lal'ge numbers of hundred and more than 2,000 have a these people wholly unrelieved.-The membership of fifty or less. Nearly Home Mission Monthly. one-third: of .the rural churches in Ohio are without resident pastors. In Christian Indians on James Bay the eastern, southeastern and southern counties large areas should be MISSIONARIES of the Church of regarded as missionary territory, England report most encouragareas of the most pronounced moral and spiritual decline. ing results of work among the Indians of the James Bay country. Scattered The method that seems most likely

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

over an area of hundreds of miles of bia recently spent two days and a half forest, these Indians, only one or two in Oxford, England, in prayer and families together, follow their business discussion on uni,ty and righteousness of hunting and trapping and come but -topics to be taken up at the Inter- once a year to the trading post to ex- national Christian Conference at Up- change their catch of skins for sup- sala, called by the Scandinavian bish- plies to last another year. These year- ops, and temporarily postponed but not ly visits offer the missionary his only abandoned. Political discussion was opportunity of reaching any except the entirely wanting in this preliminary few families living in the vicinity of gathering. The aim was to promote the trading post, but he has made the a unity based on the teachings of best use of the opportunity and has Christ and to seek God's will in the given the Indian the Gospel and a questions of reconciliation. The large copy of the Bible. It has been through and urgent duty resting upon the the reading of his Bible that these far Church was emphasized and as the north Indians have become trans- problem was discussed conviction be- formed, their lives standing out in came deeper that the complete suprem- marked contrast to the unenlightened acy of spiritual uprightness and a re- Indians of Roman Catholic countries, turn to Christ's standard of values where the Bible is withheld from them. was the one paramount issue.

A missionary of the James Bay station was asked how the lives of these Ind- Farm for French Orphans B ians compare with that of the average ISHOP THEODORE S. HEN- DERSON, executive head of the church member and he replied: "You can't compare them at all. He will not Methodist War Council, has completed partake of the Communion if he is arrangements for the purchase of conscious of unconfessed sin. When property near Lyons, France, to be asked the cause of his absence, he will used as an industrial farm and school reply that there is something heavy for war orphans. This farm includes on his heart that prevented him. The 200 acres with buildings and a second wise missionary never seeks to find plot of six acres with a villa of twenty out what this is, but leaves him to con- rooms, porter's lodge, barns, etc. The fess it to his Lord, and when the work will be put into immediate opera- wrong is made right the Indian comes tion and there will be no difficulty in to the Lord's table. They have, in securing children. It is planned to their own language, a hymn book, and accommodate 250 boys. Similar plans tn the introduction the translator rec- to those fulfilled in France are in pros- ommends that a hymn be sung at pect .for Italy and an announcement morning and evening prayers each may soon be made of the acquisition day. The consequence is that from of property there.

every Indian ,tent morning and: night can be heard the family joining in their Spezia Mission in Italy hymn of praise at their family worship. BEFORE the. war, the Spezia Mis- Even in the stress of journeying, when sion was doing a great work in every minute of daylight is valuable, Italy. Some of the best trained Protthe Indian tries to beg-in and end his estant Christian teachers and nurses day in this manner.-The Evangelical owe everything to this Mission. The Christian. war has brought vastly increased re- sponsibilities, and the work among EUROPE men of the Italian army has assumed An International Christian Conference large proportions-soldiers by the REPRESENTATIVES of ten or tens of thousands are being helped in more Christian churches of barracks, in hospitals and at the front.

America, Holland, Sweden and Ser- Another very gracious ministry has

been undertaken for the families of ers and savants. Alreadv such dissoldiers, comforting and. cheering tinguished men as George Brandeis those whose loved ones are at the and Henri Bergson have offered their front or, as in many cases, prisoners services. in Austria. The mission services have never been so thronged with eager In the initial ceremony of laying the listeners. foundation, twelve stones, symbolical of the Twelve Trilbes, were laid by With the coming into Italy of so representatives of various branches of many British and American troops, an- Jewish thought and activity. General other field has opened up to the Mis- Allenby and officers of the French and sion, and plans are being made for Italian detachments in Palestine were a vigorous prosecution of their task present at the ceremony. in this direction.

MOSLEM LANDS Sacred Scrolls Restored ATurkey Proposes an Armenian Republic ONE of the interesting ceremonies NNOUNCEMENT is made that which ,followed British occupation the Turkish Government has come forward with a proposition to of Palestine was the restoration of the establish an "Armenian Independent parchment scrolls of the Law to the Republic of Ararat," a district com- various synagogues. These scrolls of prising about 4,600 square miles of the Law of Moses, which are all writterritory. This seems at first thought ten by hand and kept in magnificent to be a concession to the hapless cases-often solid silver-are the most Armenians; in reality, it is a move- precious possessions of every Jewish ment designed to crush whatever is community. So when the evacuation left of that afflicted nation. For the of Jaffa and other towns took place in April, 1917, the Jews carried with Turkish authorities intend to force them these sacred parchments in order Armenians from other districts to live to save them from the profane hands within the small republic of Ararat, of the Turks. Recently they have the Turks thereby possessing them- been brought back in solemn processelves of the evacuated regions. The sion, headed by bands, while houses turn of events in the war will furnish were everywhere decorated with flowa reply to this proposition. ers and bunting in honor of the cere- A New University in Jerusalem mony. Young girls clad in white with blue sashes maintained order, and THE foundation stones have been school children crowned with flowers laid for a Hebrew university on and carrying small lambs on their shoulders took part in the festive cerea site purchased before the war near mony, which ended with the blowing· the Mount of Olives. The establish- of the Ram's Hom as the scroJls were ment of this center of Jewish learn- carried under canopies into the variing is an important part of the Zionist ous synagogues. The Chief Rabbi of program. It indicates that the leaders Jaffa delivered a memorable address, in which he thanked and invoked blessof the race feel assured that the Jews ings upon the British army and govwill not only make themselves into a ernment and expressed the hope that nation in Palestine, but that they will success would crown the Zionist movemake the effort and sacrifice necessary ment. The Jews desired, he said, to for rebuilding a newer and better Zion. build up and regenerate Palestine not There can be no doubt that the uni- only for their own benefit, but for that versity will be an important force. in of all its citizens, whose help and the development of a national spirit. friendship they desired to maintain. It is to be a world institution, serving Jews ·of every land, and it will draw upon international Jewry for its teach-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

INDIA through interpreters to Indian Chris- Religious 'Factions in Indian Politics tians. Af,ter the war is over there will REV. ]. C. R. EWING regards the no doubt be many of these soldiers diversity of religions in India as who will be drawn to give their lives a serious obstacle to Home Rule in to evangelizing the East.

that country. In an article contrib- uted to the September number of Openings for Work among Moslems Asia he says:' "The interests of India THE Rev. H. ]. Smith, who has for herself demand that she remain many years carried on work in under the guardianship and control of Urdu among the Mohammedans at Britain for a period reaching probably Aurangabad, has moved his headquar- far "into the future. Let it be remem" ters to Nasik, a more ,convenient cen- bered that India is not a country, but ter. Early last year he sent a senior a continent; not a nation, but a collec- Indian worker to live in Poona, a city tion of peoples. Intermingled with 240 with more than 20,000 Mohammedans.

millions of Hindus and those allied to He himself paid several visits to them, dwell some 66 millions of those Poona. The work there is hopeful, who profess and practise the doctrines and two Mohammedans have already of Islam. For nearly a thousand years been baptized. Work has also been the story of the contact of these mutu- taken up again among Moslems in ally antagonistic peoples was a history Bombay. "It is a cause for rejoicing,"

of conflict and disorder. It is only he writes, "that we are permitted to since the establishment of British rule make a fresh start in Bombay among that peace has been maintained, and the 180,000 Mohammedans. The work that on many occasions with extreme will be maiply directed by Indians, difficulty. These mutual jealousies which is a step in the right direction."

and hatreds constitute today what may There is also an opening for work fairly be regarded as the chief obstacle among the Mohammedans in a part of in the way of anything worthy of the the Bombay diocese called Khandesh, name of Home Rule. And yet Home where there are nearly a score of Rule is the boon that is being craved towns with Mohammedan popUlations.

by the educated classes; and since the -c. M. S. Gleaner.

beginning of the war we have wit- I nessed the unprecedented and unex- Hindus Kept from Church Membership pected sight of a considerable body N the Moradabad District in North of educated Mohammedans uniting India thousands of people have ac- with the Hindus in this demand. The cepted the teaching of Christianity, put religious differences of great sections away their idols and begun to live in of the popUlation will not, however, accordance with Christian precepts.

permit them to work in harmony." That they have gone no further is only another instance of the power of tradi- British Soldiers Visit Missions tion and social prejudice, for to be~ T HE war has brought large num- come a baptized church member means bers of British soldiers to India, exclusion from the rights and privi- either for training or on furlough from leges of brotherhood in the commun- Mesopotamia, and they will have many ity. The value of the mass movement a story to tell of mission work when is seen in its bringing whole communi- they return to their home land. Very ties into Christian fellowship. The many of these men are connected with missionaries in Moradabad are hope- the home churches, and not a few are ful that the thousands who are waiting keenly interested in mission work; and for others to join them will be influ- they welcome this opportunity of see- enced to take the last step leading to ing mission activities at close range. church membership because of the Soldiers are everywhere taking part in widespread movement toward Christi- religious meetings, and speaking anity.

Large Gift to Indian Women hold no position, have no home ties and live entirely upon the charity of THE Maharaja Kumar of Tikari those who seek to obtain merit there- has executed a deed of trust devot- by. The Sanyasis are distinguished by their saffron colored garmenting his entire estate to the founding of worn only by their class. On the ocan institution of learning for Indian casion of religious festivals these men women. The value of the property in line the roads to the temples, bethe bequest is about $7,000,000, but smeared with paint and ashes, solicitthe larger purchasing value of money ing gifts. in India will make this sum accomplish as much proportionately, it is thought, From this description it is refreshas a gift several times that amount in ing to turn to a picture of a Christian America. The plan is for a strictly Sanyasi. Sunder Singh is a man of "purdah" residential institution, high birth, well educated, the product where .girls from the age of five to of a mission village school. His deeighteen will be trained along the lines vout Hindu mother had instilled into of modern methods. There will be no his mind the idea of becoming a Sanyq].lestion of caste or creed. The asi, but at sixteen he was converted to Maharaja's wife has been foremost in Christianity and resolved to be a Sanythe crusade to improve the lot of In- asi for Christ. Soon afterward he dian women and it is to her that in- donned his saffron robe, took his Urdu sfiiration for the gift is due.-Mis- Testament in his hand and in this way travels the length and breadth of In- Stons. dia and over the Himalayas into Ti- bet, a lonely, itinerating preacher, pro- AMedical Training for Women claiming the Gospel message.-Dark- BEGINNING is to be made ness and Light. to train women for medical service in South India. With the SIAM AND THE LAOS approval of the Madras Government, which is assisting it with ENew Railway in Siam a grant, a Medical School for ASILY the most important event women was opened at Vellore in July. of the year for the material The teaching staff includes Dr. Ida S. welfare of the whole Malay Pen- Scudder, Dr. M. Kinnaman, Mr. insula was the opening to through Thomas Harris and Miss M. J. Sam- traffic, on July 1, of the Southern uel. The chemical laboratory of Voor- Line of the Siamese State Railhees College is available to the stu- ways. This gives the long-promdents. The war has prevented the car- ised railway connection between rying out of all that is desired, but Singapore, Penang, and Bangkok. The the school hopes to have the co-opera- down journey to Singapore can be tion of all the missions in order to en- made in four traveling days and one sure success. It is hoped that the stu- night. At present, through lack of dents shall be girls of firm Christian close connections in the Malay States, character as well as of good intellect- the northward trip requires one day ual calibre–'g'irls who will enter upon longer. Penang is reached from the study of medicine with a desire to Bangkok in three traveling days, and use their knowledge and skill for from here the trip is made in thirteen Christ. The demand for women med- hours. The nights spent in cool, airy, ical workers is large and increasing.- well-furnished and fairly clean rest- The Harvest Field. houses, are a welcome break in the journey. The service at present is tri- AA Christian Sanyasi weekly, but as soon as more rolling CLASS of men in India call.ed stock is obtainable there will probably Sanyasis are supposed to be be a daily service of through trains. living a life given up to medita- When our British cousins across the tion about God. They never marry,

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

border fDrget about wanting to see our public by the syndicate will be at a passports, it will be a simple, everyday. price that will yield enormous profits, jaunt from here to Penang, Malacca, permitting, it is sai4, high Dfficials to Singapore or intermediate points. If share in the gaihs."

a new "Easter bonnet" becomes a ne- The Anglo-Chinese Opium CDnven- cessity, we can go. and select in per- tion agreement signed at Shanghai SDn instead Df ordering by the num- May 8, 1911, decreed that China bers in an old catalog borrowed last should decrease the use Df opium until fall. prohibition in 1917. To. those who had begun to look upon this evil as a thing Gold Leaf for Idols of the past this legalizing of the traf- OVER a million dollars worth of fic again will be disheartening. It is gold leaf is imported into. the but another instance of the manner in kingdom of Siam each year. Of this which forgotten evils come to the fore amount, it is estimated that fully 90 per when those interested in suppressing cent gDes to gild idols, temples and them are occupied with other things.

royal property. By putting gold leaf A Dn the idols, Budrdhists believe they at- A General Assembly for China tain great merit. On a recent visit to T the fifth meeting of the Federal the ruined capital of Siam at Ayuthia, Council of the Presbyterian Professor Claude Maylott Df Bangkok Churches Df China it was decided to Christian College, purchased some of organize a General Assembly for all this leaf from the temple vendors and the churches Df the Presbyterian order decided to put it to a more advantage- in China. The American Presbyte- ons use. The small physics laboq- rian, North and South; the Dutch and tory of the cDllege needed more equip~ German Reformed; the English, Irish ment, so. with gold leaf intended for and two Scotch Presbyterian; Cana- gilded idols he made electroscopes for dian and New Zealand Presbyterian- the college.-The Continent. ten in all-have gradually united into six synods, covering the territory CHINA from Manchuria in the north to China Returning to Opium Kwangtung in the south. This organ- THE revival of the opium trade in ization of an assembly will complet'e China is announced in the Phar- the work of unification, and the uInlliitted maceutical Era for August: body will number about 76,000 mem- "Press dispatches of the past few bers. If proposals made by repre- months indicate that a revival of the sentatives of the English and Ameri- opium traffic in China is probable, and can Congregationalists to. enter this that officials of the Government have organization are agreed upon, the formed a syndicate to handle the drug number of members would reach under the guise of an antiopium soci- 100,000.

ety which will sell to addicts who. are under treatment. As stated in these New Era for Chinese Women dispatches, the Chinese Government NE of the ·brightest hopes for has arranged to purchase the remain- O China is the coming of her ing stocks of Indian opium for $15,- women into the arena of active Chris- 000,000, and payment is to. be made in tian work. In the dedication of a government bonds redeemable in ten union church for all Cantonese Chris- years. The opium will be resold to the tians, Chinese ladies played an impor- syndicate, it is stated, an agreement tant part. They are on the board of having been signed at Shanghai by trustees, are leaders in educatiDnal which the Government obtains the work, and alert in ·governing boards, opium at 6,200 taels (tael = $1.18) giving a new Significance to China's per chest and sells to the syndicate at long-oppressed women.-The Mis- 8,000 taels per chest. The sale to the sionary Visitor.

TThe East Praying for the West is too high to be known, or even wor- HE sorrows of a stricken world shipped. This belief in a just and have driven the people of God to supreme ruler furnishes a good starttheir knees, but startling indeed is the ing point for teaching the way to the message of a Buddhist document sent true God and His Son. But the diffiby a missionary in Soochow, China. culties of teaching these Black Miao Its translation shows that a special are manifold, since they are hidden season of forty-nine days has been set away in their mountain villages and apart in which all followers of Buddha nearly every village has a different are called upon to pray and make sac- dialect from every other; while none rificial offerings on· account of the of them have a written language. European war and for the dead on Western battlefields. Is not this the Banishing Idolatry Among Yunnan hour to turn groping China with her awakened sense of world brotherhood ATribes to the light that is in Jesus Christ?- MISSIONARY venture of faith Missionary Link. in the Szemao district, in the south of the province of Yunnan, al- AAborigines in South China though at first discouraging, has had LMOST the whole of South splendid resuJts. Two evangelists China was apparently filled at made the twenty-eight days' journey one time with non-Chinese tribes. from Lisu, passing through robber- These have gradually yielded to the infested territory in safety, to this stronger Chinese and now live entirely Szemao district while the Listi Chrisin the mountains, ruled and despised tians held on in prayer. The first by the more dominant race. They "news from the front" brought word have maintained their own customs of one family turned from idolatry. and beliefs, and no two tribes are alike In ten days came news of mne more in these respects. One such aboriginal families, and at the end of a month's tribe is called the Black Miao. Their effort the total reached twenty-one religion is chiefly demon worship, and families. The number continued to their whole life is tinged with a fear mount until it has now reached 120. of these vindictive beings, thought to This, to be sure, does not mean that be the spirits of the dead, and all the the entire 120 families have become more terri,ble because unseen. The saints, but does mean that they have Miao believe that the demons when taken an open stand against idolatry offended call down punishment in the and have begun to study Christian form of sickness and that the only teaching. method of treating sickness is by sacrifice. Every door has some reminder A Chinese Christian General of, this worship–some blood-stained feathers on the door-post, a pair of GENERAL FENG YU-HSIANG, buffalo horns on the door-step, a pole a Chinese Christian, has notified standing in the corner with paper streamers; and along the road are his Government that he cannot take wretched straw effigies of men, mud part in the Civil War that is now gofigures of tigers pierced through with ing on. Bishop Norris, of North spears and many such objects which China, says that this Chinese General speak of an effort to find peace in the is a most earnes[ convert to Christianmidst of terrors. There is no belief ity and is a member of the Methodist in the goodness of any demon, but Episcopal Church. He was attracted there is a belief in one great, supreme by the meetings held by Mr. Sherwood lord of heaven, "the thunderer," a be- Edd.y in Peking soOme four years ~aggoo,, ing with perfect knowledge and unlim- and It was as a result of these meeeet1tiln1gs ited power. But it is be1ieved that he that he embraced Christianity. We only wish that all Christian Generals in all parts of the world could imitate this courageous stand made by this'

11991188]] NNEEWWSS FFRROOMM MMAANNYY LLAANNDDSS 887733

nneeww ccoonnvveerrtt aaggaaiinnsstt CCiivviill WWaarr aanndd,, iiff bbyy MMrr.. AAuurreellll,, ~~hhee BBiibbllee SSoocciieettyy''ss nneecceessssaarryy;; aaggaaiinnsstt eevveerryy wwaarr.. TThhiiss iiss aaggeenntt:: AA nnoottoonnooqqss ccrriimmiinnaa11 ccaassee wwhhaatt wwee hhaavvee aallwwaayyss ccaalllleedd!! tthhee tthheeoorryy ~~aass ffiilllliinngg tthhee nneewwssppaappeerrss wwiitthh sseennssaa– aanndd pprraaccttiiccee ooff OOrriieennttaall CChhrriissttiiaanniittyy.. btioonn uuppoonn sseennssaattiioonn wwhheenn,, aallmmoosstt·· aatt -The Christian Patriot. tthh.ee mmoommee~ntt wwhheenn tthhee mmaann cchhaarrggeedd WwiIthh tthhee ccrnimm~~ "",,::,,aass aabboouutt ttoo bbee hhaanngg– JJAAPPAANN–CCHHOOSSEENN eedd,, tt..hhee rreeaall ccnnmmmmaall ccoonnffeesssseedd,, ggiivviinngg CChhrriissttiiaanniittyy DDeemmoonnssttrraatteedd aass hhIiSS rreeaassoonn ffoorr ddooiinngg ssoo tthhaatt hhee hhaadd found God. One of the lawyers in THE American Baptist Foreign charge of the case, althou/th himself Mission Society is carrying on a not a Christian, summed up the mat- ter by saying: work of far-reaching importance through the TDokyo Misaki Taber- "Well, :rou may say what you will nacle. The location of this institu- ?ut there IS some power in Christiantion in the heart of the Orient's me- Ity. The man is utterly changed. tropolis is especially strategical since When on~ sees him in prison one feels on one side lies the business secti'On, that one '1S comforted by the sight of on another the G'Overnment Arsenal, the radiant face he bears rather than with its ten thousand empl'Oyees, and that one goes to comfort him. He is on still another side solid blocks 'Of not an educated man and has lived a . homes and shops extend fDor miles. In whole life of crime. He is facing addition, the ward in which the Taber- inev~table death. But what does that nacle stands contains a student popu- matter? 'God has given me life– lation of 40,000 and within a radius His life, and nothing can take that of six blocks are more than thirty institutions for higher education. away.' He has his Bible by him c.on- stantly. He reads other Christian The aim is to minister to the whole books, but reads them once and man and to serve the whole commun- then lays them aside. The Bible is ity, but through all the activities the sufficient for him and Chrislt his Savevangelistic element is emphasized. iour is all in al1."-Record of Chris- Educating, serving, evangelizing are tian Work. the watchwords of the program. The following schedule will give an idea A Native Literature for Korea of the range of activities being carried on from seven a. m. tiN ten at night, pRROOBBAABBLLY there is not another ?seven days in the week, fifty-two weeks mission field in the world where min the year: Preaching services; Bible Classes; ~Suunnddaayy School work; night a people with a civilization equal to schools; kmindergarteenn;; public leocttUulr'es ;; t?at of Korea has as small a Christian nurses' neighborhood visiting; chil- hlItteerraature. The explanation is perhaps dren's day nursery; free legal advice !~ be ,foun~ in the unusual opportunbureau and children's play ground. ItbIes for diIrect, personal work which There are other special features, such Korea has afforded. But now that as the Men's Friendly Society and this enterprising little country has Workingmen's Wdfare Work. All been opened to every variety of inthis work centers around that of the flue~ce, good and bad, one can easily Central Baptist Church, of which Rev. see. s?oa.Js abead, and something very R. Nakijima is pastor. posIltbive mIII the way of deVveloping char- act~r and molding the thought of the JPrison Conversion in Japan AnaanttIIOeovnerbienccormeaessinagnnuumrgbeenr tofdKKemmoorraaenenadd~n. APAN has twenty-seven prisons students is go}ng to Japan, becoming and the American Bible Society conversant WiIth Japanese literature has supplied Bibles for 25,000 inmates ~nd whil.e there is much in this that of these prisons. Many conversions IISS eelleevvaattimng,, tthheerree iiss ttoooo mmuucchh tthhaatt ooff ccrriimmiinnaallss hhaavvee rreessuulltteedd ffrroomm rreeaadd– wwiiIIII ppooiissoonn tthhee tthhoouugghhtt ooff tthhoossee it iinngg tthheessee BBiibblleess,, bbuutt nnoonnee aarree mmoorree rreeaacchheess.. rreemmaarrkkaabbllee tthhaann tthhee ffoolllloowwiinngg,, ttoolldd

It is in view of all this that it has worker. Wherever he goes he can been decided to ask that Rev. W. M. command an audience and everywhere Clarke, a missionary of wide exper- has the entree among the Copts in ience, devote all his time to literary their churches. As secretary of the work. With Mr. Clark are to be as- Movement, therefore, he is able to exsociated a young missionary and a tend its influence and organization Korean graduate of Yale University; among the younger lertders of the and their work will be the creation of Coptic church, who already are the a clean, healthy, Korean literature, leaven in the old church." biography, fiction and history, in order The Movement is well organized to keep aloft the spirit of the Korean and is preparing to make use of the printed pa:ge, of conventions, every Christian Church. member canvasses and other methods THE Education of Korean Girls well known in America, Ibut alto- question of female education gether· foreign to the East.

in Korea has passed the experi- mental stage and has become an es- Christian Endeavor in Egypt tablished fact, thanks to the teaching THE Christian Endeavor Society of of the missionaries. For centuries the Assiut College, Egypt, is only ethics of Confucius had relegated four years old, yet it has behind it an woman to the wash-tub; and schools inspiring record of usefulness and for girls, up to a few years ago, were service. The Brotherly Love Com- not so much as thought of. Today, mittee, with Rev. Neal McClanahan, no school for girls in Korea is large the college pastor at its head, visits enough to accommodate all who wish all the dormitories, sowing the seeds to attend. of Christian love. Further than that The problem now is one of method they waited on tables in order to dig- and curriculum, for Korean girls must nify labor and show sympathy with be educated so as to fit them for their those in poorer circumstances. The place in Korean homes. To teach Charitable Committee, through offer- them astronomy and geometry will ings varying from half a cent to two not serve this end so well as industrial cents, collected the sum of $70 the training, and there are many fields past year to help those in need among with splendid possibilities of .develop- the students. These donations rep- ment, such as silk-worm culture, resented very genuine sacrifice. The weaving and the various handicrafts. Prayer-meeting and Morning Watch Committees are doing much to de- AFRICA velop the spiritual life of the students, A Laymen's Missionary Convention in thus preparing them to be the church- Egypt workers of the future.

THE first Laymen's Missionary Convention in Egypt was held Sunday School in Shulla Land last April in Assiut. Alexan Bey, a THE only Sunday-school among the wealthy landowner, presided, and ex- Shullas of Doleib Hill has been in cept for the pastor and the missionary existence about a year and was organ:"

speaker, Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, all ized at the request of three natives the addresses were given by laymen. who said they did not want their Dr. Zwemer writes that "it was in- children to grow up like animals.

spiring to hear the task of the lay- It was a little difficult at first to per- men in Egypt carefully defined and suade these children to come into pressed home with Oriental eloquence "the house of the foreigner" ; but their by such a leader of men as Sheikh fear once banished the next difficulty Mitry Dewairy. He is co-editor of was to induce them to sit still. Some the leading Christian paper in the of them had attended church services, Nile valley and a ,great Sunday-school but always accompanied by their eld-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ers, who 1,1sually brought clubs along Missionary Alliance on the Dark Con- Atinent with them. No stipulations have been FEW years ago the attention of made as to clothes. One Sunday a English-speaking people was three-year-old urchin appeared at the drawn to an ecclesiastical controversy gate and his clothes consisted of a in Kikuyu, British East Africa. This string of beads. He refused to come in because of his fear that he would controversy arose over the participanot be admitted and this gave an op- tion in administering the Lord's Sup- portunityfor an explanation that per of missionary clergymen not episclothes will not admit one into the copally ordained, an irregularity kingdom of heaven. against which the Bishop of Zanzibar appealed to the Archbishop of Canter- Only once during the year did at- bury, whereupon a 'heated discussion tendance fail, and the death of a cow sprang up in the horne field, Now this was the cause! When asked why they well known missionary center of Kikfailed to come, the children said they uyu sets an example in unity. The did not think there would be any Anglican bishops of Uganda, Momschool when anything' so momentous basa and Zanzibar, together with the as the death of a cow had taken place! heads of various missionary organiza- tions, met in conference to consider Three of the children are now will- plans for co-operation and union in ing to lead in prayer and this is a that important region of the Dark long step in advance when one consid- Continent. A representative Council ers that only three of the elders al'e was formed and an agreement reached Christians and all their ancestors not to rest until all the Christian pagans.

AThe Bible Speaks in Nyasaland forces in that section should become PARTY of missionaries of the a united church of Europeans and DIU~ch Reformed Church were natives, Educational, social and sent to a distant pal't of Nyasaland to medical work is also to be united and seek a suitable spot at which to es- an annual conference held. Thus a tablish a new mission. After traveling vast and difficult mission field, face to for many days they came upon a na- face with militant Mohammedanism, has come to the front in co-operation tive reading a book and on their ap- on a large scale.

proach they found the man was read- ing a copy of the New Testament in Possibilities in Portuguese East Africa the Nyanja language. This man was IN S;entral Afri~a,. near the river the village chief and when asked how ShIre, where mIssIonary work was he came into possession of such a book begun only recently, sixteen or eight- he told the astonished travelers of his een schools have already been es- long journey on foot to work in the tablished and a large number of peo- Johannesburg mines and of his sur- ple who had scal'cely ever Iseen a prise to find there that a book could Gospel messenger and who only two speak. At one of the night schools of or three years ago had never seen the mines he had learned to read, and a printed page, are now beginning better stilI had learned of the Gospel, to read the Bible for themselves. This so that when he returned to his far district harbors a large group of ref- away horne he took with him' a copy ugees who have crossed the boundary of the Nyanja Testament. There he from Portuguese territory and are in was, studying the word of God 1,800 a pathetically destitute condition, suf- miles from the place where it was fering from disease and on the verge bought. He joyously received the mis- of starvation. The missionaries are sionaries and offered his village as a thus brought face to face with the center for the new mission. after-the-war program, which they

hope will result in carrying the Gospel repeated word by word several times into Portuguese East Africa. over, and then explained in their own This country is not behind in the tongue. The older men know their matter of patriotism. Thousands of Bibles well, and are able to relate the Inhambane natives have gone to many of the Bible stories. When the front as soldiers or carriers and Peter Abuofa first listened to a les- many have given up their lives even son from the Gospel of Mark he said: though German propaganda reached "This is good. Before there was plenty them promising less work, more pay of food in God's Word, but the inter- and exemption from tax. Among preter did not know how to cook it those who have gone to the front are properly, and we all had to go hun- many Christian lads. The army of- gry."

ficials recognize their superiority and have put them in places of command Schools Crowded in the Philippines and trust. These Christian boys are EDUCATIONAL progress in the not forgetting their allegiance to the Philippines is a continual sur- King of Kings and whenever possible prise to those who have not followed they take with them a copy of the closely the work of the schools in our New Testament in their own lan- island dependencies. Even to those guage. The real meaning of democ- who are familiar with what has been racy is not very dear to them, but they done under government control and have an inherent sense that the princi- inspiration, it may come as new in- ples of justice are best for the world. formation that 30,000 children will en-· roll in the city schools of Manila for ISLANDS OF THE SEA the coming term and that over 3,000 The Gospel on Mala are temporarily without accommoda- T HE wildest and most thickly popu- tions until new quarters can be ar- lated of the Solomon Islands is ranged.

Mala, with its area of about two hun- The University of the Philippines dred square miles and some 30,000 in- has opened a two years' pre-medical habitants. In the extreme northern extension course in connection with the part of this island is the district known Southern Islands hospital at Cebu that as Malu, and here the Gospel was first may eventually develop into a southbrought by a native missionary, Peter ern university. There has long been a Abuofa, by name. Peter became a strong demand for such an institution Christian th1'Ough the Queensland in the South, and it is thought that Kanaka Mission, and through his ef- Cebu offers many advantages for the forts the Gospel has spread along all establishment of a university. the north coast of Mala until to-day Another evidence of progress along he is the head of a Christian commun- educational lines is the announcement ity of a,bout 900 persons. This Malu that girls are hereafter to be admitted district contains about thirty-five to the courses of instruction given by Christian villages, all incorporated in the Manila Y. M. C. A. the South Sea Evangelical Mission; I and each viIage ha.s its own little Teaching the Moros Industry church built of bamboo and thatched N writing of the Agricultural with sago palm. There are still many School among the Moros in the heathen villages in the Malu country Philippine Island of J010, the Reverend and since the heathen will not tolerate R. T. McCutchen points out that while Christians living in the same v:i1lages the Mohammedan is rather suspicious with theni, intercourse between the of his new neighbors he is very quick two groups is not easy. . to appreciate the value of the training In Malu, every Christian man has which the boys are receiving. Any his own English Bible, in which he one familiar with :the indolent. habits marks and follows the text. This is of these natives would be surprised at

1918J • NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

the progress the school has been able as a translator of the New Testament to make in the short period of its ex- into Panjabi, and his Panjabi gram- istence. At the beginning, many of mar is additional proof of his knowl- the boys left rather than work, but edge of that language. He made con- later returned and have grown from tributions also to Urdu literature, and thin, listless individuals to be stout, wrote a few hymns in Urdu.

robust boys taking great interest in all sorts of athletics, farm work and even Dr. W. F. Armstrong of Burma in their academic studies. The in- THE death of Dr. W. F. Armstrong fluence of the school is being felt in Rangoon, Burma, on May 4, throughout the community in which 1918, marked the close of a mission- it is situated. The parents visit the ary service extending over a period boys' at frequent intervals and famil- of forty-five years. Dr. Armstrong iarize themselves with modern meth- was born in Nova Scotia, and after ods, and have taken away the seeds of a pastorate there during which he fruit and vegetables, and a great many devoted much time to work among bushels of seed corn. The Moro is ex- Indians, he was sent by the Canadian ceedingly slow to adopt new ideas or Baptist Church, with two others, to friends, and so it will take time to select a location for foreign mission change his ways. He is, however, in- work. They first came to Burma, terested when he sees results, and will thinking to establish a mission try to imitate. among the Karens of Siam, but the American Baptist Telugu mission OBITUARY NOTES sent an invitation to the three Cana- Murray Scott Frame of China dians to come to South India and take REV. Murray Scott Frame, mis- over a part of their field. Thus it sionary to China of the American was that they were among the found- Board, died in Peking, on June 5, from ers of the Canadian Baptist Mission.

typhus fever. Mr. Frame was just Dr. Armstrong saw a large exten- completing his first term of missionary sion of the work in Rangoon. It has service and was on his way home when expanded to include the races of a sudden attack of fever resulted fatal- North India as well as South India.

ly. After a period of service as teacher In addition to his work in the Mission; in Forman Christian College, Lahore, Dr. Armstrong served as acting pas- India, Mr. Frame was appointed a tor of English Baptist churches on missionary of the American Board in different occasions, and of. late years China and was located at Tung'hsien spent a part of his time in literary until 1917, then in Peking until his work, one result of which was a series death. of tracts for educated Moslems.

!' . j' -ii. ,~-!Tf.It]II Rev. E. P. Newton of India John W. Stevenson of China REV. Edward Payson Newton, a THE Rev. John W. Stevenson, the missionary to India for forty- Deputy Director of the China In- three years, died at J alaipur J attan, land Mission, died in Shanghai on Panjab, on April 10th. Mr. Newton August 15. Mr. Stevenson came from was the youngest of four missionary Scotland to China during the Taiping sons of Dr. John Newton, who with Rebellion in 1865. For over thirty Dr. C. W. Forman, founded the La- years he had lived in Shanghai, and hore station of the American Presby- few travelers passed through that terian Mission. His field of service city without seeking his advice and was in the Ludhiana district. Mr.. help. For some years, Mr. Steven- Newton was not only an effective son was stationed at Bhamo, Upper preacher; he gave much time to Burma, so that at the time of his founding and maintaining schools. death he had rounded out fifty-three He will be best remembered, however, years of missionary service.

MXSSIONAR.Y IJBRAro

The Eclipse of Russia. By Dr. E. ]. ine that rage,d in Russia during the Dillon. 8vo, 422 pp. $4.00 net. George H. Doran Company. New York. previous years. He visited the famine- stricken sections, endeavored to dis- O F .the mul~itude of ~rite~s on Rus- cover the reasons for the canditions SIan affaIrs Dr. DIllon IS perhaps that existed, and, also to' understand the most thoroughly informed outside the inner life of the people themselves. of Russia itself. He was a personal Be visited not only in the highest friend and trusted adviser of the official circles, but also among the great Russian statesman, Witte, and peasants, and among the reformers, the sharer of his confidences. In nine- such as Tolstoi, in order to catch their teen chapters, he reviews the course spirit. This spirit he has revealed in of Russian history during the last the story which he tells. twenty years, a record at onceim- In speaking of the causes of the unpressive and! saddening. Dr. Dillon's rest in Russia, he calls attention to the picture of the late Tsar shaws a man fact that the Russian Empire, with the of unrelieved weakness, cunning and populatian of 180 millions, embraces treachery. The revelations of Rus- more than one-half af Eurape and sian psychology are wanderful thaugh ane-third of Asia, an area of 8,647,657 mysterious, and inexplicable to the square miles. European Russia alone Western mind. Men, like Father contains a papula1'ion, in the fifty prov- Gapon, and the mysterious mank, inces, of 120 millions, of wham about Rasputin, are depicted with clear in- one-half are of the dependent peasant sight. class. This being the case, he claims In this welter af moral confusion that it is not difficult to realize the and palitical chicanery ane thing im- dangers that would beset the way of presses the reader beyand everything one man ordained by the law af heredielse, the imperaJtive need of the sim- tary m~)llarchy, to govern and sustain ple, strong gospel af Christ far Rus- so vast a realm. sia. Dr. Dillan sees nO' hope in Bal- The book reveals Mr. Reeves' proshevikism, which is rightly described phetic insight, for he made his obseras "Tsarism upside down." The Rus- vations and reached conclusions a long sian Church has failed miserably, and time prior to the breaking out of the the time has come when the pure anarchy which has now devastated teaching of Scripture must be pro- Russia. And, for this reason, his conclaimed to' enlighten and empower the clusians not only have fascination, but peaple and to' give that magnificent special interest. country a hopeful future.

Dr. Dillon is perhaps unduly pes- Beginnings in India. By Eugene Stock, simistic in parts, but his story is at D. C. L. 16mo, 124 pp. 80 cents net. once able and fascinating, and packpd Society for Promoting Christian with information. DR.Knowledge: London, 1917. STOCK is perhaps the only writer who 'in the brief compass Russia Then and Now. By Francis B. Reeves. 8vo, 186 pp. $1.50 net. G. P. of this booklet could have corralled MMPutnam's Sons, New York, 1918. so many important facts, at the same UCB light is here thrown upon time -giving life and order to the mis- the conditions which preceded cellaneous assemblage. The "begin- the tragic dawnfall and disintegra- nings" are those of Anglican Mis- tion of the Russian autocracy. The sions, but even with this limitation, author went to Russia in 1892, to su- most authors would have narrated pervise the delivery and distributian literally the uninspiring story of early af the cargo sent by the citizens of efforts of the Church of India. In- Philadelphia to the victims of the fam- stead, the author has selected for his readers-the young people of the interest of the baok, as it describes in Church of England~he first en- its variaus chapters the close relationdeavors in differing movements in ship that there is between the Mexican the program of the Church Mission- and the American interests. There ary Society and the Society for the have been many charges made by the Propagation of the Gospel in India. enemies Df the United States that it was their purpose to. explait Mexican The subjects chosen are the first industries, and that their canduct was Anglican Mission, first work in Ben- not based upon the high ideals which gal, first bishops, first Christian vil- were openly proclaimed to be those lages, first educational missions, first of this Government, in relation to Indian clergy, first work in the Pun- neighboring peoples. jab, first work in <three great cities, Delhi, Cawnpore and Lucknow; first Mr. Barran's book gives a clear work among the hill tribes, Santals, statement on this point. It shows that Kols, Gonds andl Bhils; first work American interests cannot be regarded among women, first divinity colleges, as the basis and cause af the disorder first medical missions, first university in Mexico, but rather that the estabmissions, first effort to revive the an- lishment of safe and sound business cient Syrian Church, traditionally methods and business relationships founded by St. Thomas, and the first will work to the redemption of Mexico, steps taward an Indian Church. far more than political interference.

With the well-known cathalicity af Mr. Barron has covered a large field Dr. Stack, full credit is given to. other of investigation in concise and direct pioneers than the Anglicans, and es- form. With numerous illustrations, pecially does he bear willing testi- the boak is written in a manner in many to. the signal services to. mis- which even the non-business man can sions of certain civil and military easily understand. Its reading would rulers of India who have been de- be a corrective to many of the false vatedUy Christian. and hasty opinions which have been formed as to. the future of the Mex- The book keeps the mind alert ican people. It will easily take its through its chapter introductians with place as one of the tracts for the times, curiasity excited or problems sug- which shauld be read by those who are gested, but "The Ramance of Mis- trying to understand a people emergsians," wauld have been realized bet- ing from superstition and ethical laxter had half the men and movements ity. been omitted, thus allDwing space for the fuller and more colorful picturing Santo Domingo, a Country with a Future. of the mast important persans and By Otto Schoenrich. IlIus., map, 8vo, il~cidents connected with these begin- xiv, 418 pp. $3.00. The Macmillan nmgs. .Company. New York, 1918.

Non-Anglican Americans knaw tDa THOUGH the Dominican Republic little of the Church of England's work is so near our own shores and is at in Inelia to read into this sketch the present under the provisional adminislines that have been left out. tration of the United States, not one intelligent man in a thousand knows The Mexican Problem. By C. W. BarrDn. anyt'hing in dletail concerning it. This 12mD, 136 pp. $1.00. HDughton, Mifflin is largely due to the lack of literature & CD., BDston, 1918. relating to the Republic, a lack which the present volume attempts to make T HE problem of Mexico is here pre- good. The author has had excep- sented fram a business man's tional oppartunities that. prepare him for his work, particularly his many paint of view. So. clas.ely does the years' residence in Latin America and authar canfine himself to this line of thought, that same view the boak as his relation as secretary to the United a special pleading for particular industries. This· fact, even if it should be States commissioner to investigate true, would not take away from the Dominican finance and also to the Do- Wesleyan, African Methodist-the minican minister of finance himself. word "African" is deprecated-and When' Columbus sailed along the Baptist faiths are well spoken of, shores of this land in December, 1492, though only very briefly. Politics are and admired the charms of the tropi- feeble because of the absence in the cal island, he little imagined that it three parties of principles, the per- was to witness his greatest sorrows sonality of leaders being the main and to become his final resting place point of attachment. The evolution -the latter at least is the author's of a revolution is almost humorous as pronouncement after reviewing the here described; yet Mr. Schoenrich greatly controverted question in chap- believes that the Republic's troubles ter XVII. In a hundred pages of are all due to such uprisings and con- most interesting history, Espanola's sequent oiv,il disorder. He asserts early fortunes and later Indian trag- that with a strong hand like that of edies are described, followed by the United States guiding its affairs, sketches of the first and second re- the mineral resources of this country, publics and American influence down the courtesy and hospitality of its peo- to the present year. Chapters VII-X, ple and the development of its agri- XIV, XV, appeal to geographers and cultural resources, will make ancient trade promoters, but the remaining Espanola one of the richest gardens portions are interesting to the general of the West Indies. But, while he reader. The unoffici<!l estimate of does not so assert, Protesta1ll1: influ- population 111 1917 was 795,432, ences are needed in this reconstruc- which the author would' reduce to tion and will be a more potent influ- 715,000. ence for good than in the past.

Because of the friendship of the great Roman missionary, Las Casas, "The Least of These"-in Colombia. By for the rapidly disappearing, over- Maude Newell Williams. Illus., 12mo, worked Indian, negro slaves were in- 183 pp. $1.25 net. Fleming H. Revell troduced to supply .the labor market. Co. New York, 1918. Today pure-blooded members of that race constitute about one-fourth of I F one wishes to know the real exthe inhabitants, the great majority of periences of a missionary in South the popUlation being oJ mixed Span- America, let that one read this colish and African blood. The blacks do lection of sketdhes. Mrs. Williams is .,lOst of the menial lahor, though they the wife of a Presbyterian missionary are found in all grades of society and in charge of the Collegia Americano are often in the cabinet of the Re- at Bogota. She describes in vivid, public; indeed, several of the presi- colorful st0I1ies, her experiences with dents, notably Lupel'on and Heu- the people-her servants, acquaintreaux, have been negroes. They are ances, pupils; in city and country; robust and sturdy and in coumesy re- among high and low. They are inmind one of our plantation negroes forming and intensely interesting before the Civil War. Despite the sketches, full of humor and pathos African admixture, Spanish person- and sometimes tragedy. If a houseality survives, and the popUlation is wife at home thinks her servant probas' decidedly Spanish as that of Cuba and Porto Rico. Chapter XI is full lem difficult let her read the chapters on Dominga, Rosario, PabIa and Co- lombian servants. Noone can doubt in its discussion of the people and is atter reading these well-written interesting reading. So, too, is the sketches that Colombians need the account given of the prevalent Cath- missionaries, and no one can fail to olic faith, which influences govern- sympathize deeply with the mission- ment, one of the former presidents be- aries who go there to work among ing the present head of the Dominican the people in spite of great opposition Church. Protestant missions of the and in ,the midst of many hardships. Writing That Is Different THE RED TRIANGLE Multiplex W HICH is meaning so much to "our boys" here and "over Hammond there" has been serving men and boys for fifty years. An essential feature Chanae :Jour Type in an Instant from one .lyle of its work is the promotion of books or language to another of inspiration and instruction pre- pared by trained men. A typical illustration is MORALSAND MORALE By LUTHER HALSEY GULICK, M. D.

Two different styles of Shortly befor-e his recent sudden death, Dr. Gulick type always in the mach- returned from abroad. This book, which des("ribes ine-"Just turn the Knob" his experiences with the American Expeditionary SPecigZ ~ype-sets for Forces in France, deals especially with the reiatiofl every bus~ness, every of morality to fighting efficiency. ($1.00). Za,nguage, ever;y professton,every sctence. An}! Many other books-timely, helpful- ~ype may be substitutea 1n a few seconds. are published by the publication de- partment of the YM CA"~tI.I..I..Iw!mIoJ" ASSOCIATION PRESS PURPOSE VI 347 Madison Ave., N. Y.

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XIII

New Books on Missions Christian Democracy for America. By Russia in UpheavaL By Edward Als- David D. Forsyth and Ralph W. Keel- worth Ross. $2.50. The Century Com- er. 220 pp. $0.75. The Methodist Book pany. New York. 1918. Concern. 1918. The Eclipse of Russia. By E. J. Dillon. The Christian Crusade for World De- 8vo. 422 pp. $4.00. Gee> B. Doran. mocracy. By S. Earl Taylor and H. New York. 1918. E. Luccock. 204 pp. $0.50. The Methodist Book Concern. 1918. The Dramatization of Bible :stories. By Elizabeth Erwin Miller. 16mo. 157 pp. Money, the Acid Test. By David Mc- $1.00. The University of Chicago Press. Conaughy. 12mo. 193 pp. Laymen's 1918. Missionary Movement. 1918. Backgrounds for Social Workers. By The Oregon Missions. By J. W. Bash- Edw. ]. Menge. $1.50. The Gorham ford. 12mo. 311 pp. $1.25. The Ab- Press. Boston. 1918. ingdon Press, New York. 1918.

The Development of Japan. By K. S. On the Manuscripts of God. By Ellen Latourette. 237 pp. $1.50. MacMil- Burns Sherman. 12mo. 184 pp. $1.00. lan, New York. 1918. The Abingdon Press. ~ew York. 1918.

Tohoku, the Scotland of Japan. By The Great Plan. By E. A. Stilwell. 12mo. Christopher Noss. 12mo. 302 pp. 160 pp. 2s 6d. Hodder & Stoughton. $0.60. The Reformed Church in the London. 1918. United States, Philadelphia. 1918. The Least of These. . By Maude Newell The Red Triangle in the Changing Na- Williams. 12mo. 183 pp. $1.25. Flem- tions. Edited by Robert P. Wilder. ing H. Revell. New York. 1918. 12mo. 125 pp. $0.75. The Associa- tion Press, New York. 1918. American Tithers. By James L. Sayler. Pamphlet. 48 pp. Methodist Book Education for Life. The Story of Hamp- Concern. 1918. ton Institute. By F. G. Peabody. Illus. 393 pp. $2.50. Doubleday, Page Red, Yellow and Black. By Sophia & Co., New York. 1918. Lyon Fahs. 12mo. 209 pp. $0.75. The Methodist Book Concern. 1918. Nigeria the Unknown. IIlus. 56 pp. Is net Church Missionary Society, The Book of Other Babies. By Mary London. 1918. Entwistle. IlIus. 48 pp. Is net. U. C. M. E., London. 1918. Report of the Fourth Session of the All India Conference of Indian Christians. Childhood Bible Stories. Series No.4. 80 pp. Caxton Works, Bombay. 1918. $0.18 each. The Standard Publishing Co., Cincinnati. 1918. In the East Africa War Zone. By J. H. Christian Ethics in the World War. By Briggs. IIlus. 88 pp. Is 3d net. W. Douglas Mackenzie. 12mo, 189 pp. Church Missionary Society, London, $1.00. Association Press, 1918. 191.8. The Right to Fight. By Sherwood Eddy. Modem Sons of the Pharaohs. By S. H. 12mo, 87 pp. $0.60. Association Press, Leeder. III us. 355 pp. 16s net. Hod- 1918. der & Stoughton, London. 1918. India. Beloved of Heaven. By Brenton Heirs Together of the Grace of Life. T. Badley. 12mo, 217 pp. $1.00. The Biographical Sketch. By Marshall Abingdon Press, 1918. Broomhall. 12mo. 146 pp. Morgan & Scott, London. 1918.

America-Here and Over There. By Paul's CampaigIliS. By David J. Burrell. Luther B. Wilson. 16mo. 107 pp. 12mo, 118 pp. $0.75. American Tract $0.75. Society, 1918.

The Faiths of Mankind. By Edmund D. The Minister's Handicap. By J. Wilbur Soper. 16mo. 165 pp. $0.60. The Ab- Chapman. 12mo, 155 pp. $0.75. Ameriingdon Press. New York. 1918. can Tract Society, 1918.

XlVI

:~ 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111115 I——- .~~~~~T~~JJ i——- :: MISSIONARY ANNIVERSARIES, NOVEMBER, 1918. :: – — ~ Oct. 31st to' Nav. 1st-Fiftieth Anniversary Hampton Institute. Hamptan, Va. – – :: 1st, 1858-Queen Victaria assumed rule over India. 60th anniversary. See "Life of :: ~ ~ Alexander Duff" by Smith. § ~ 4th, 1803-Birth af Sarah Baardman Judsan. 115th anniversary. See "Life af Adaniram § -:: Judsan" by Edward Judson. -:: 4th, 18I8–0rdinatian af Pliny Fisk. l00th anniversary. See "Fifty-three Years in :: :: -:: Syria" by Jessup. -:: 5th, 1838–0rdinatian af Dactar Daniel B. Bradley in Siam. 80th anniversary. See :: :: -:: -:: "The Encyclapedia af Missians." 5th, 185'8-Jahn ·G. Patan began" wark at Tanna.· 60th anniversary. See "The Auta- :: :: biagraphy af Jahn G. Patan. -:: -:: 6th, 1854-F1arence Nightingale arrived. at the Crimea. – – 6th, 1878–Arrival af Alexander Mackay at Rubaga, capital af Uganda. 40th anniversary. See "Mackay pf Uganda" by His Sister.

8th, 190B-Great meetings at Menga Cathedral attended by the kings of Uganda, Bun- yaro, Ankale anc! T<>ra. 10th anniversary. See THE MISSIONARY REVIEW, April, 1909, page 315.

10th, 1828–Death af Lat Cary. 90th anniversary. See "Heraes and Martyrs of the Missianary Enterprise.

10th, 187l-Livingstane faund by Henry M. Stanley.

– 11th, 1793-Carey landed at Calcutta. 125th anniversary. See "The Encyclapedia af – Missians."

:: 11th, 1853-Livingstane began his jaurney fram Linyanti to' St. Paul de Laanda. 65th -:: :: anniversary. See "Persanal Life of David LivingstO'ne" by Blaikie. :: -=:: 15th, 17~8-:-De~~h O'f Hans Ec!ege. 160th anniversary. See "The Encyclapedia O'f =:: -= M1SS1-ons. -E= § 17th, 1808–Death af David Zeisberger. llOth anniversary. See "Life af David Zeis- berger" by BishO'p de Schweinitz. -:: -:: :: 17th, 185B-William Duncan O'pened his first schaal far the Tsimshean Indians at Fart -:: :: Simpson. 60th anniversary. See liThe Apostle of Alaska" by Arctander. -:-===: -:: 17th to' 24th-Week af Prayer far Harne MissiO'ns. :: -== 22nd, 180~Bi:rth a"f Dactar H. G. O. Dwight. 115th anniversary. See "The Encyclopedia -:: -=:: of MISSIons. :: 22nd, 1883-CO'rO'natian O'f Ranavalana III., Christian queen af Madagascar. 35th anni- -:: -:: versary. See "Thirty Years in Madagascar" by Matthews. 26th, 1868–EmperO'r of Japan publicly entered TakiO' and set up his thrane. 50th anni- :: -=:: versary. See "Regeneratian af Japan" by Carey.

28th, 1863-DoctO'r GeO'rge E. Past landed in Syria. 55th anniversary. See "Fifty-three " :: Years in Syria" by Jessup. :: 5= =E 29th, 1758–Death af Experience Mayhew. 160th anniversary. See "Protestant Missions" = = by ThompsO'n. === ==5 – – ?1II11111II11111111II11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111fJmulti., -5 = = ~llllllllllIllIIlIlIlIlIlllllllllllllllllIIlIlIIlIlIlllllIlllllllIIlIIlIml 1111II1I1IIIIlllllllllllnnl1l1l11nnnmnnn"! 5 =__1 Missionary Personal~ ==1 =_ REV. JOHN McDOWELL, D.D., pastor of the Brown Memorial Church of Baltimore, = has been appointed Director of War Industries of the Y. M. C. A. War Council. His ==_- duties include the oversight of the Association's activities and preaching in the various =__=_- places where munitions are made.

==:_ MR. B. .cARTER MILLIKIN, Educational Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of == =_===_=~ Foreign Missions, who accompanied the Red Cross Commission with the rank of Captain, is remaining in Cairo as a special representative of the Commission.

====_== paignCAoPfTAthINe CDoAmNmIEiLtteCeOUoVnE,thoef CthhuercFhreesncahndAMrmoyr,atisAiimn sAomfetrhicea Wtaor~assCisht aipnlatinheCcoaumve- is a leader of French Protestantism. He visited the United States in 1912 as a member of the Continuation Committee of the Edinburgh Conference on Foreign Missions.

REV. EGBERT W. SMITH, D.D., Secretary of the Southern Presbyterian Board of ====== Foreign Missions, has sailed for the Orient for an unhurried inspection of all the === mission stations of the Southern Presbyterian Church in Korea, North and Mid-China :: and Ja'pan. He plans to hold at each station a conference of all the missionaries, cover- :: §=_- ing every phase of missionary life and activity. =======_= DR. ]. F. LOVE, of the Southern Baptist Foreign Mission Board, is visiting the mission stations of the Southern Convention in the Orient.

= REV. JOSEPH CLARK, a veteran of the Baptist Mission in the .congo, has returned to his station in Africa. Mr. Clark has spent the past fwo years in the home field as ~ district secretary of the Foreign Mission Society for Illinois.

MR. HARRY S. MEYERS has resigned as secretary of the Missionary Education Move- ment to take up work overseas for fhe Y. M. C. A. War Work Council.

MR. GEORGE B. HUNTINGTON has been unanimously selected as treasurer of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society. He has been secretary in the foreign department for a number of years and will continue, as in former years, to prepare the detailed schedule of appropriations for foreign fields.

_ DR. EDMUND F. COOK has resigned as Director of the Missionary Course in the _ Moody Bible Institute in order to ·accept the presideney of the Scarritt Bible Institute of Kansas City.

=_ REV. WALTER B. WILLIAMS, missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Nana Kru, liberia, has been honored by the President of the Republic of Monrovia with the title, "Knight Official of the Humane Order for the Redemption of Africa." Mr.

Williams esteems this mark of respect, but feels that the welfare laws which he induced ====_ the President to pass count for more.

DR. JOHANNES LEPSIUS, formerly Director of the German-Orient Mission and a well-known member of the Edinburgh Missionary Conference, is reported to have been shot by the German government because of his fearless denunciation of the Armenian maSSacres and his accusation of German responsibility for them. There are probably _ _ other Germans of fine Christian spirit who have met a like fate because they could _ not be silenced.

DR. LEURING, formerly a missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Board of Foreign =_~ Missions in Malaysia, is reported to have been taken as a German spy and shot by the British. Dr. Leuring was a German by birth, and interested in work among the head- hunters of Borneo~ MRS. CHARLES A. DOUGLAS, of Teheran, Persia, who contracted typhus fever while engaged in relief wo1rk, is in the United States to rest and regain strength. Her husband succumbed to the same disease.

PROF. EDMUND D. SOPER, of Drew Theological Seminary, DR. HENRY H. MEYER, editor of Sunday-school publications and others, formed a deputation which sailed for Korea, China and Japan in September to carryon a campaign extending over three or four months in the interest of the Methodist Centenary. = = REV. ROBERT SWALLOW, M.D., missionary to China of the United Methodist Free Churches of Great Britain since 1874, has been given permission to retire from the _ active service of his missionary ministry.

= – illlllllllllllllllll111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111~ Editoria] and Business Chat (Concluded from Phge IV) This is not an expensive Christmas gift, as it comes once each month, ~nd the-war result from stimulating the brings with it messages from leadmg missionary interest of these men in missionary writers from all over the the camps. Many of th~m should g:o world. No gift could be more acout as missionaries, wIth .all theIr ceptable or of greater value to miseagerness for promoting libe~ty and sionaries so far from home.' Any righteousness among the natIOns of friends who would like to join in makthe earth .turned into eagerness ing this plan possible are invited to to promote Christian truth and write to the editor. to proclaim liberty in Christ Jesus. A CORRECTION-GERMAN MIS- SPREADING THE INSPIRATION SIONS IN CHINA A VERY encouraging development in the work of the REVIEW has E XCEPTION has been taken to a been the movement in favor of sendL statement in the July number coning a yearly subscription to every for- cerning the lack of support for Gereign mission station in the world. The man missions on account of the war. first step has been to make it possible Rev. William Lingle, a Presbyterian to send these subscriptions to the mis- missionary in Changsha, Hunan, sion stations of American societies. writes: "Here in China, the German The Missionary Review Publishing missionaries of the Berlin Missionary Company is offering a special rate at Society, the Basel Mission and the less than cost to the Mission Boards Liebenzell Mission are carrying on on condition that the REVIEW is sent their work about as usual and all their to each one of their stations. Already support comes fr~m. Ge~any. There two of the Boards have been so im- are nearly ZOO mlSSIonanes, men and pressed with this opportunity that they women, of these three societies, still have decided to pay to have the RE- working here in China. Only:in Hong- VIEW sent to each of their sta'tions. kong was their work closed…. This action has been taken with the Here in Hunan Province, in the heart conviction that money could not be of heathen China, .the missionaries of better expended for the general edu- the Liebenzell Mission are undis,turbed cation, inspiration and efficiency of and are carrying on their extension the missionaries than by putting them work alongside of the missionaries of in touch with the world-vision and the the American and other European Sospiritual uplift of the messages con- cieties. . . . If the German missiontained in the REVIEW. We have had aries in China are compelled to give a large number of letters from mis- up their work it will be not because ~f sionaries expressing their deep in- 'lack of nutrition' or because the Chldebtedness to the REVIEW for the nese are opposed to their work, but knowledge of the work in other fields, because the European Governments for the suggestions that have helped have compelled China to send them to make their own labors lighter and out of the country." more effective and for the personal blessing in their own spiritual lives. SUCCESS-FREE! Many of these missionaries feel so handicapped financially that they are TWELVE .ministers give their unable to pay for a SUbscription, but methods and results in inauguare most profoundly grateful to any friends who make it possible for them rating the tithing system in their to read the magazine month by month. churches in a small pamphlet which Other Mission Boards are planning to may be had for the asking: send the REVIEW to their stations with Mention the MISSIONARY REVIEW the co-operation of individual donors. OF THE WORLD and your denomina- tion when you send to the Layman Company, 143 North Wabash Ave., Chicago, Ill.

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1918

Progress of Korean

111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111~ I I ~:!~:.s,,~o~~~~~~ =§ i=-:==::: For Use in Church Calendars and Missionary Meetings. =-E;=: :: (Selected from THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE 'WORLD for September.) ;: –:: 1. The Christian natives of the islands of Aniwa in the New Hebrides which was –;: Dr. John G. Paton's special field, not only pay the salaries of all their teachers :: but contribute regularly for the mission hospitals and other obi ects outside the :: .:: islands. (See page 651.) :–: –:: 2. The heathen population of the New Hebrides is steadily decreasing; the Christian population is actually increasing in many places. The death rate decreases with :: :: the advance of Christianity in any section. (See page 651.) :: :: 3. The John D. Wells School in Seoul is one of the missionary institutions giving to :: their students valuable training in Korean industries and at the same time assist- -:: ing the boys in the expenses of their education. (See page 675.) -:: :: 4. Paraguay, a country nearly as large as Spain, and with a percentage of illiteracy :: –=:: of over sixty. is practically without any organized missionary work. It deserves to be called "the neglected land of the Neglected Continent." (See page 681.) -=-:: :: 5. With every Oriental woman student in America the Young Women's Christian Asso- :: :: ciation maintains friendly relations, through visits from a special secretary, invi- :: :: tations to summer conferences, and in other ways. (See page 695.) –:: -is 6. In the twelve cities in China where Sherwood Eddy recently held his remarkable series of meetings, large bodies of Chinese Christians had been prepared to do :: -:: personal work, and the selected non-Christians who were brought to the meetings :: and there signed decision cards are now being trained in Bible classes for church :: :: membership. (See page 671.) :: §:: :: ~ 5 i: 7. Churches representing ten different Presbyterian bodies at work in China have § ~~i~isdh t~n~t~~~~ic~~e goe~:;:ia~~~~lb~s:i;nsC~i;ea, t~n~ak:P~h~i~t~l~ce: ~g~ ~ § -:: organization. –:: 8. One of the most remarkable instances of Christian internationalism which the war :: :: S:: has produced is the sending of a deputation to the Allied Armies at various :: § points in Europe by the Young Men's Christian Association of Japan. =:: .= 9. The present King of Siam is disregarding the guarantees of religious liberty estab- =:: lished by the late King, his father, and in many ways is promoting Buddhism. In :: both Siam and Ceylon Buddhism is now being emphasized as the national, and :: -:: Christianity as a foreign, religion. -:: =§- =is 10. About 400 camp pastors, representing the leading Protestant denominat!ons and serving in the various training camps throughout the country, are rendenng va.Ju- :: able service in connecting the men in camps with the churches in the surroundmg –:: communities. –:: :: 11. Though the total membership of the Christian Church of all branches in Japan is :: :: only about 300,~half of them being Protestants-a Japanese educator has ex- :: :: -=:: pressed the opinion that there are in all Japan 1,000,000 people who follow –=:=: Christ in their hearts. -= :: 12. The Salvation Army in Germany and Austria has been wil?ed out by an or?er. of :: the Kaiser, all the real estate and other property belon~m~ to the or~alll~ation :: :: =-=:: -==:: having been confiscated months ago. Over 100,000 SalvatlOllIsts are fighting In the Allied armies.

5111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111"" 1I11111111111r.: • HAWAI I • ~ I ~ It'~PHZ ll:", "", U The e w rE a Women in Asia A MAP OF THE CONTENTS <t) for ~o OUR VIEW OF THE WOJU,.D IN THLS NUMBER e.·(ff.~'Wh"'~ =>."'C""" _'~2.'…•• LEADINC .urna.u AND EDITOIUALS 0.. I AU INDICATED av TTTlLS in China's Crisis THE "UIlBElt OF ptEWS I'TEMS AUST~rAI'" ON EACH COUN11tY IS lHDlCATED 1- . Z!:AL,a.NQ ay AaAJIC MUMDlALS 1530 The New Hebrides Since John G. Paton

W. T. GUNN ITINERATING IN THE NEW

The missionary and his helpers are passing a very dangerous mountain path

MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL. September, 1918 NUMBER NINE XLI.

SIGNS OF THE TIMES THE NEW ERA FOR WOMEN IN ASIA T HE emancipation of women in the Orient is progressing rapidly. From being the slave or the plaything of man, kept in seclusion and in ignorance in many lands, woman is throwing aside the veil, is coming out of the zenana, is entering school and college, and is taking her part in civic life. The Christian missionaries are directly responsible for this awakening. They first inspired and directed it. Today there are colleges, as well as schools, for women in India, in China, and now in Japan. These are being mothered by the Christian women in America and are destined to playa large part in the development of Asia.

The "roman's Christian College was opened in Tokyo, Jap;:tn, last April, and was marked by impressive exercises. Before the hour set, all space reserved for friends and visitors was packed, and only the central section of the hall was left vacant for the student body. "A thrill went through the audience," writes Rev. A. K. Reischauer, "when, accompanied by music, the first class admitted to this new institution came in double file and took their assigned places. To many, who during the past seven or eight years had prayed and worked for the establishment of this college, this seemed like an epochal event, for the bright and earnest faces of these 84 young women looked like the dawn of a new era in Japanese life and civilization."

President Nitobe, who read the Imperial Rescript on Education, afterward made the main address of the day. He pointed out the great need of an institution of this sort which intends to place such great stress upon an education that develops in the student broad sympathies and real strength of character. He showed how Japanese education is lacking in these fundamental qualities and outlined the grade and scope of the work which the college is undertaking.

It is already becoming clear that the new institution will naturally draw very heavily from the best families in all parts of the land who want to give their daughters the advantages of a higher education, but who are anxious to have them in the safe atmosphere of a Christian college while they are away from home.

The college begins with 84 students, all enrolled in the preparatory year. Students from Girls' High Schools who applied for admission,.

were found to be not as uniform in their educational qualifications as they should be, so that one task of the college will be to equalize things as much as possible. The courses are the following: Liberal Arts, Japanese Language and Literature, English Language and Literature, and Business, including Social Service. After the school gets into permanent quarters it is expected that several other courses will be added, especially courses in Household Science, P~re Science, and Kin- dergarten Training. .

The Japanese feel that what America and Canada have done in establishing this new institution is a real challenge which calls them to help support the movement. It is hoped that the permanent site for'

the school will be given by them, and as the school grows in influence it ought not be difficult to have it financed more and more by Japanese donors. A college of this nature will be a tremendous factor in bringing in the new era of woman, the era of Ohristian womanhood, dominated by a spirit of service and sacrifice.

THE SOCIA'L PROGRESS OF KOREAN WOMEN SOCIAL problems are presented by the modernization of women in the Orient. In Ohosen even ten years ago the women, while not enslaved or entirely secluded, were domestic and separate from men. They kept much at home and when on the street wore picturesque green silk coats over their heads. In the Christian churches a partition separated them from the men and only Christian girls received any education.

With the coming of the Japanese, a great change has taken place. Japanese women in Seoul number over 32,000. Women have acquired new legal rights in the courts, including ownership of property and permitting divorce; they walk freely in the streets with uncovered heads; they mingle with men in the streets, trains, shops and theaters. Many churches now do not have a partition and some have mixed choirs. There is a spirit of freedom in the air which too often develops into license. Women are seeking an education and are entering into business and public life. One sphere which they have entered to great advantage is that of medicine and nursing. Many have been graduated as trained nurses and recently three fully qualified Korean women physicians were graduated in Seoul.

These changes in the social status and public life of women have

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

created problems which the missionaries must help to solve. The gospel of Ohrist, while it brings liberty, also brings new life and higher ideals with power to direct the new found freedom. Women, under Ohristian directions are learning how to care for and train their children, how to care for the sick and how to inspire men to higher ideals and service. But the need is much greater than the opportunity. Every school and hospital, says Mrs. Appenzeller, in the Korea Mission Field} is turning women away and the church classes cannot care for the many who seek to know a better way of life. Not one Korean woman in ten has any help in adjusting her mind and her habits to these new conditions and opportunities.. Poverty is bringing new temptations to many and the new openings in the industrial world are very attractive. The tobacco factory is the largest in Seoul and employs several hundred women and little children many of whom work for seven cents a day. The tragic results of child labor are already evident in crooked bodies and spiritless movements. Women are also employed in government printing works, and in Imperial cotton and silk mills. Japanese women are further advanced than the Koreans and many are forewomen in factories, ticket sellers on railways, telephone operators and shop girls.

The Ohristians in the Orient, both foreign and native, should study the problems connected with this new entrance of women into public and industrial' life. The native churches may accomplish much by evincing an interest in toilers and in the application of Ohristian principles to their lives. Two foreign women are devoting their time to work among the Japanese working women. Ohristian social work should be conducted among industrial women in Korea if they are to be protected from evil and trained in the Ohristian life.

INTERNATIONAL OHRISTIAN FOROES I NTERDENOMINATIONAL co-operation is growing in America and Great Britain through the Federal Oouncil of Ohurches and other inter-church movements. International Ohristian co-operation has also been fostered by the 'World Missionary Oonference, the Young Men's and Young Women's Christian Associations, the World's Society of Christian Endeavor and other organizations.

The war is bringing Christians together in unusual ways, as, for example, in sending a deputation to the Allied Forces in Europe from the Young Men's Christian Association of Japan. Ambassador Morris, speaking at a mass meeting in Tokyo, said: "The Japanese Y. M. C. A. Deputation to the European front is almost as significant as the first mission sent to the West by the Tokugawa Government over fifty'years ago. By that mission Ja:pan signified her intention to end her isolation and join the western peoples in their forward march. Today, I believe this Deputation means that you are resolved to take your place along-

side the men of the West in standing for brotherhood and fair play and international law and righteousness."

CHUBCH UNION IN CHINA M ANY Chinese desire a national Christian Church, based on faith in Jesus Christ and without any emphasis on particular forms of government, worship or minor points of theology. A step was taken in this direction when on April 16th a Provisional General Assembly of the Presbyterian Ohurch in Ohina was organized in Nanking. One organic church was thus formed out of the churches pstablished by ten missionary bodies, namely, Presbyterian U. S. A., Presbyterian South, Dutch Reformed and German Beformed, from the United States; English, two Scotch and Irish Presbyterian from Great Britain; Canadian Presbyterian and New Zealand Presbyterian.

The Federal Council has also adopted resolutions favoPing union with the churches of the London Mission and the American Board, both Congregational bodies. Delegates from these churches were heartily welcomed by the Oouncil. There was some discussion of a creedal statement, but it was finally decided to continue as under the Federal Council, that is, each body working under its original symbols until the adoptIon of a statement by the regularly constituted Assembly.

The missionary spirit of the Ohinese Church is well illustrated in the adoption of the following resolution: "On the occasion of the formation of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church of Ohina, we yvould recognize the most important task before the Ohurch to be the wider propagation of the gospel to meet the tremendous needs of vast areas of unreached fields. 'Ve, therefore, as one of the first acts of this General Assembly, appoint a committee of five to define the functions and draw up a constitution for a board of home missions, and to present the same to the presbyteries at the next General Assembly for ra tification."

WAR-TIME MISSIONARY DE:fANDS THE' Director of one of the largest Bible training schools in the United States writes in The Sunday-School Times: "The mis- sion fields and the mission boards are calling as never before for men and women versed in the Scriptures and trained for the work of the mission fields. Recruits are wanted at once in large numbers to hold the lines of missionary advance steady while the battle for democracy is fought out in Europe. There is every indication that the cessation ~f hostilities will bring a greater eagerness of interest and a new receptivity of mind on. the part of the non-Christian nations. Unprecedented calls are being made on the Institute by European, Oanadian and American boards for men and women for the mission fields."

®EDITORIAL OOMMlENT:® s'i 'D, … )": ifirij. ·du-u ,U'UU

~ ttUiJ •• 'UVI" WU'"

UNIVERSAL RELIGIOUS LIBERTY.

BEFORE the war began, the problem of the meaning and extent of the principle of religious liberty was a living problem, with many elements of possible danger in it. It had developed interesting phases in Korea and Siam. In Korea the guarantee of liberty in the constitution of Japan was held to apply, but it was not given the same interpretation as in Japan. In Japan religions were allowed a freedom in the use of educational agencies denied to them in Korea. It was argued, however, that this was not an abridgment of religious freedom, as the limitations upon education in Korea were imposed on all forms of education by whomsoever conducted, and it was maintained by the Japanese government that religious belief and the propagation of religious belief, subject only to the police power of the State, were absolutely free.

In Siam there were no constitutional guarantees of religious liberty. There was and is indeed no constitution, nor any legislature to form one. The State is an absolute monarchy and the will of the King is law. The late King, however, the father of the present King, explicitly guaranteed to his people both in north and south Siam complete freedom of religion and laid on them no implication of disloyalty in case they embraced Christianity.

The present King renewed these assurances when as Crown Prince he visited America, and at the time of his accession· his Minister of Foreign Affairs, replying to a letter of congratulation addressed to the King by the foreign missionaries in Siam, wrote: "His Majesty desires me to express his sincere thanks for your good wishes and to assure you that, mindful of the excellent work performed by the American missionaries for the enlightenment of the people of this country, he will not fail to follow in the footsteps of his Royal predecessor in affording every encouragment to them in the pursuit of their praiseworthy task."

Already before the war there were signs that these gu~rantees were in danger. The King was reversing the policy of his father in many regardS. He decreed the substitution of the Buddhist era for the Gregorian which his father had adopted. In describing the moral instruction which is to be the basis of all teaching in the primary schools and which is to train the scholar "to be honest and truthful in all ways, to be able to appreciate his duty and responsibility to others, to be brave, but respectful and considerate; to understand his obligations to his parents, to his teachers, and to those in authority; to be patriotic, an~ to understand his duties to the state, not to be wasteful and extravagant, to be moderate, to be industrious, careful and diligent, that the

time spent in school be not wasted," the Ministry of Public Instruction specifies that "the subjects should be taught by instilling into the scholar the precepts of the Buddhist faith." In the public schools, in the poli,ce stations, in the army barracks, even by the keepers in public institutions like the insane asylum, there are regular Buddhist chants and prayers. The vow taken by the Wild Tigers, a sort of adult Boy Scout organization, contains a declaration of faith in Buddhism. In many powerful and pervasive institutional ways the King is pressing the Buddhist religion into the service of nationalism, not in impersonal, institutional ways alone, but by earnest and emphatic direct teaching. Both in speeches and in published articles he appeals to the people to realize that Buddhism is the national and ancestral religion, that the Siamese people should adhere to it steadfastly and practice it faithfully.

Absolute religious toleration and freedom has heretofore been a worthy boast of Siam. The imposition of religious tests as a condition of royal favor or of membership in the Wild Tigers or of holding office would make such a boast no longer possible, and would set Siam in the class of the small number of religiously intolerant states. Even in Turkey and Persia it has been possible for Christians to hold office and religious tests were abandoned in progressive states years ago. But in Siam a constraintwhich is in danger of becomingpersecution, hasalready fallen upon some Christians, and it is understood and openly stated in many places that the King is opposed to the acceptance of Christianity by his subjects, and that he desires instead to see his people zealous in the practice of Buddhism. The result is that men convinced of the truth of Christianity are influenced to dissemble, and that other men, unconvinced, or wholly indifferent with regard to Buddhism, are led to feign a faith which is insincere. Is this wise? Is it not certain to undermine the very sincerity of national character which the King desires to produce? Would it not be far better to set men's minds free, to bid them seek the truth everywhere, and having found it, freely to live by it? The King is earnest in bidding the people not to be led into false imitation of foreign ways. With equal earnestness he bids them unquestioningly to imitate their own past. Would he not do better to bid them to seek and to imitate what is true wherever it is found, to accept nothing because it is Siamese or foreign, but only because it is true, and to reject what they do reject only because it is false? He wants to make a free and honest nation. He can only do it out of free and honest men.

The war has raised these issues in new and unexpected forms. The state has come to a new self·assertion and is subordinating all other influences and agencies to its own ends. This was the deliberately adopted theory of Germany, and in the effort to overthrow the theory other states have come perilously near to adopting it. In the process religion has had to face the danger of being made subservient to what

EDITORIAL COMMENT

the state deemed its interest. Rome persecuted and sought to destroy Christianity, because it believed it to be at variance with the state interest. It knew nothing of the principles of religious liberty when the religion was one which it disapproved. If modern theories of. the state become dominant with which Christianity is at variance, can Christianity hope for a continuance of the principle of religious freedom?

This is no speculative inquiry. Already we are meeting with new interpretations of liberty which challenge the rights heretofore accorded to religion.. It is held that the Jewish nation disintegrated because of the conflict between the prophets and the kings, and because of the weakness of the kings in not silencing men who in the name of righteousness were really undermining the authority of the political power. Unless religion is willing to serve and support the State, some men are asking if it must not be bridled and held in check.

The missionary enterprise seems likely to have to face such questions in many lands. It has already been proposed in India that only state licensed missions should be allowed to operate and that preachers as well as doctors must be officially registered. The missions of some nationalities may be excluded altogether. The abrogation of the Capitulations in Turkey, though not recognized by the Allies, leaves other religions without any protection from Islam. There never was religious libert.y in Turkey, but some of the makeshifts which served as substitutes are gone wholly now with the Capitulations.

The very terms of the phrase "religious liberty" are no longer fixed. What is t.he "religion" which is to be allowed freedom? Is it to be merely the speculation of men about another life or about the origin and end of the universe, or is it. to be the body of moral ideals and sanctions which are to govern the present relations of men and nat.ions? "Religion can be free," some say, "as long as it does not concern itself with the affairs of t.he state, but if it interferes with the nation at war Ol' disturbs politics in peace it must. have bounds set for it." So religion is no longer free save as the state may define in what sense it may function as religion in life.

And the term "liberty" is not fixed. Does it mean freedom to believe, or freedom to propagate belief, or freedom both to believe and to propagrate belief and also to use any means of propagation its teachers may desire? That the state mayor must exercise some police functions is not disputed even in America, where religious liberty is genuinely real. In Japan and Korea this police supervision is quite minute, and it seems possible that it will be more so' in all lands after the war. How obstructive it may be will depend on the moral sentiment of the people toward the ethical fruitage of any religion which may be involved. A monogamist people will not allow, for the sake of their state, the propagation of a polygamous religion. It must be recognized that a polygamous people may have a similar policy toward a monogamous religion. It may be that the principle of reli- 648 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [September gious liberty allow;s too much to such an influence, but we need to see the matter from other standpoints than our own.

The whole problem is likely to be complicated still more by the relations of the state to education. Germany is what she is by reason of the education of the past generation. All nations see now what an engine of power education is,and if they do not seek to control it themselves they may still desire to limit it so that its effects will be compatible with state interests. Religion, and especially the Christian religion, has always depended upon schools and felt that the maintenance of schools was essential to its life. Will our conception of religious liberty abridge the edocational freedom of the Christian Church?

The world is facing many new problems and this is by no means one of the least. Is there any clear solution of it? Not by casuistry and subtle argumentation, but as a nation which believes in freedom we have a principle which will guide us. We know that democracy is imperfect, but we believe that the cure for the imperfection of democracy is more democracy, more responsibility laid on common men and the growth of common men in duty doing and in the knowledge of truth, that they may be fitted to bear more responsibility. And likewise the remedy for the evils of liberty is more liberty, provided it is liberty to know all the truth of God and of His world. If truth cannot prevail by its own power it cannot be made to prevail by any other power. The ending of the war and the principles of the new world order should include the recognition everywhere and in all nations of the right of full religious freedom–of freedom to believe and freedom to preach what we believe in accordance with the righteous mOI'al law of the universe.

PRAYING VERSUS PROFANITY?

I s it worth while to pray? This question admits of but one answer to those who believe in God as revealed in Jesus Christ. There is danger, however, lest many men and women, feeling the danger for themselves and their loved ones in the present crisis, shall attach some superstitious value to formal prayer without reference to the conditions on which we have a right to expect answers to prayer.

Last month we called attention to the daily public summons to prayer in Washington and other places. Now we read that in response to a request signed by every religious organization in the city, the Federation of Woman's Clubs, the Christian Associations, the Woman's Christian Temperance Union and the Boy Scouts, the mayor of Oklahoma City has ordered that at nine o'clock each night the great siren of the Oklahoma Gas and Electric Company shall sound a signal for community prayer for the soldiers and for victory. It is urged that everyone engage in silent or audible prayer for a short time. This, and similar movements, are an indication of the trend of thought throughout the country. The people are awakening to the need of divine help in this crisis.

But while the people are calling on God in prayer at home, the almost universal custom of taking God's name in vain prevails in the Army and Navy. The testimony from everyone who has joined our fighting forces is that profanity and abscenity prevail. A .young man who attended a training camp last summer reports that the officer in charge of the bayonet drill urged the young men to profanity, saying: "Come on, boys, let me hear you swear. Give it to the Hun up to the hilt." No doubt the profanity is for the most part thoughtless, but it is profanity none the less and the God to whom men pray declares that He "will not hold him guiltless that taketh His name in vain."

Thousands call on God at home for help while a million men, for whom we pray, profanely use His name in vain in the Army and Navy. Have British and Americans a right to expect that under these condi- tions their prayers will be answered by the God whose name is so blasphemed? It is time that a great crusade be started against pro- . fanity and abscenity among the men who are so bravely and unselfishly giving their lives to promote the cause of liberty and justice.

ATTENTION TO SOCIAL MORALITY M ORE attention has been given to the question of social morality during the present war than ever before—and there is need of it. War lets loose the human passions and ordinary restraints, and there is need that special study be made and special precautions taken against laxity and general license. The prohibition movement, and "zone') system around camps are preventive steps in the right direction, but much more is needed to educate men and women and to lead them to right ideals and right relations, to God and man.

Last June a "Social Morality Conference" was held at the headquarters of the National Board of Young Women's Associations in New York, when women physicians, teachers, deans of women and others officially connected with the Social Hygiene movement, assembled to discuss moral problems connected with the war. Lectures for women were begun several months ago under the direction of the War Work; Council of the Y. W. C. A., and Dr. Anna L. Brown has been continued by the government as the head of the lecture bureau which has now forty-five lecturers, all but two of whom are physicians. Seventy-five more are on call in case of need.

The patriotic appeal is strong, but it is not sufficient; scientific facts are a warning but not sufficient; the religious motive and obli~ gation to God form a better basis on which to build stronger character. There is, in fact, no hope for social morality apart from a right relationship to God and obedience to His laws. This includes a reverence for His name and acceptance of His Son.

NEW HEBRIDES HEATHEN ON SPIRITO SANTO

BY DR. W. T. GUNN, L.R.C.P., ANEITYUM, FUTUNA, NEW HEBRIDES T HF) New Hebrides Mission attained its greatest prosperity about fifteen years ago. The missionaries were then more numerous; the interest of the religious public was at its height and the outlook was brightest.

All the islands were occupied, the three in the Northeast being under the Anglican "Melanesian Mission."

About twenty of the smaller and middle islands were nominally Christian; there was a large Christian community in West Santo; the Gospel was spreading, and churches were being formed at other stations ,in Santo, and Malekula.

Five Presbyterian missionaries had just been added, and the staff, now numbering twenty-eight, besides three assistants, and one trained nurse, was the largest in its history. There were six medical missionaries.

A general mission hospital had for some years been open in Ambrim and there were smaller hospitals and dispensaries in other islands..

A Training Institution was beginning to send out trained teachers and those prepared by their own missionaries in the Christian islands numbered nearly 300.

Two native pastors were laboring faithfully in the southern islands of Aneityum and Futuna.

The Presbyterian church members numbered about 4,000 and from 13,000 to 16,000 were attending services.

Translations of scripture were printed in about 30 languages of the 50 in the group. These included the whole Bible in the language of Aneityum (pub- J,ished in 1880), the composite Efate-Nguna-Tongoan Bible was near completion and the New Testament, in one of the languages of Tanna, the language of Aniwa, and that of Erromanga was in the press.

But the majority of the natives of Ambrim and the two largest islands, Malekula and -Santo, were still in heathenism, and the difficult islands under the Melanesian Mission presented only a few outward signs of Christian progress.

The difficulties encountered by the Mission had reached a critical stage. They had been operating with increasing strength for years. The French were straining every effort to obtain the islands, and were supplying the natives with alcohol, fire-arms and ammunition, to induce them to part with their land. They were using iniquitous and cruel means (of which the British were sometimes guilty also) for obtaining native laborers, resulting in frequent murders of white and native recruiters. The British Deputy Commissioner, for three years in the islands, failed to bring about any improvement, for he had not been invested by the home authorities with powers to meet the necessities of the islands. Some better remedy was wanted.

In 1907, the Condominium was inaugurated at Vila, thenceforth the capital of the group, and friends of missions fondly hoped that the representatives of Britain and France would work amicably and effec-

tively together to ameliorate tIle condition of the native race, and check further abuses. They have done neither. Instead of that, many of those abuses became intensified and were practically legalized,for the laws against them were not sufficiently enforced. The different courts are too numerous, and British and French are tried on unequal terms.

Penalties are remitted, and fines rarely collected by the French, whereas penalties imposed on Brit· ish are carried out. Flagrant breaches of law have frequently been treated lightly by the French.

Illegal recruiting continues. AI· cohol is given in greater quantities than before. Christian natives and teachers have repeatedly beenar· rested and imprisoned for varying periods for no special crime, except that of expostulating against French methods. These and other grievances have been reported in great numbers; few have been rem· edied, and they still continue. Lim· ited space prevents my giving ex· amples, but these may be found in E. Jacomb's "New Hebrides and the Condominium," a pamphlet by Rev.

F'. L. Paton on the "Slave Trade in the New Hebrides," and in the chap· tel' on "Britain and France in the New Hebrides-the Condominium,"

in "The Gospel in Futuna" (1914), by the writer, and the "Appeal to the Churches," in the appendix- the recent literature on the New Hebrides.

Nevertheless, Christianity ad· vanced so far, that soon afterward the number of missionaries began to be reduced. For some time past one A NEW HEBRIDIDS IDOL missionary had been found suffi· cient to supply the spiritual needs of Aneityum and Futuna. In 1910, the three missionaries of Tanna were reduced to two. .

Two of the Presbyterian Churches, the Canadian and United Free Church of Scotland, announced their intention of withdrawing from the New Hebrides when their own missionaries would retire. Conse·

A HEATHRN FAMILY IN AMBRIM, NEW HEBRIDES

A Woman's but-about 4 feet, 6 In ches In beight·

quently in 1912, a rearrangment of stations was made. It was agreed that the New Zealand Church should increase her staff in Ambrim; the Victorian Church should send a clerical missionary to Vila, in addi- tion to the Medical Missionary in the Paton Memorial Hospital; and the New South Wales Church should take charge of West and South Santo. The John G. Paton Committee undertook the charge of Anei- tyum, Futuna and Erromanga, when the present missionaries would retire.

But within six months a great volcanic outburst blew up the whole mission station, occupied by Dr. Bowie, in Ambrim; and its site is now an arm of the sea, adjoined by appalling desolation. The building of a new hospital on another site has been postponed, and the island is meanwhile superintended by Mr. Frater of Paama. Two other sta· tions were vacated through ill health. The veteran missionaries of Fila and Erromanga died, and with the resignation of Dr. Annand, the third missionary under the Canadian Church, that church was no longer represented in the group, and retired from the New Hebrides. After,war was declared, three missionaries went to the front, thus vacating .the Medical Mission stations in Santo and Tanna; so that Santo is at present superintended by Revs. F. G. Bowie, and D. Paterson, the missionaries in the adjoining islands. Tanna, Erromanga and Aniwa are temporarily under one missionary, while Aneityum and "Futuna are under one of the missionaries who had retired, pending the arrival of a successor to take over these two islands along with Erromanga. Thus, the missionaries are now about nine fewer in number than in the record year of 1904. Their spheres of labor have been enlarged, bringing greater responsibilties on the missionaries and their teachers.

Such are some of the present conditions, but there are many signs of progress which we shall note as follows: MATERIAL PROGRESS.

In the early days, all buildings in the New Hebrides were made of island unsawn timber, with thatch roof. Those buildings, though perhaps picturesque, were badly lighted, the homes of insects, hard to keep tidy, were damp and unhealthy. Economy rendered their use necessary then. Houses are now built of weather·board, generally lined inside, with ceiled iron roofs, and both mission and trading stations are prominent objects in the landscape. The churches are furnished with deal seats, and friends of the mission have supplied communion vessels, lecterns and church bells.

Increase of trade has brought money to the natives, with which, in addition to the proceeds of arrowroot, they pay for their books and the materials for churches and schools The cost of the large church in Nguna, seated for 500, was entirely paid by natives and they also provided the labor required to erect it. A great part of the cost of the

A FUTUNA WOMAN AF'1lER SOME YCIDARS AS A

A CHRISTIAN CHURCH IN WEST TANNA, NEW HEBRIDES This is one of the best Christian churches in the islands equally large churches in Tanna was also defrayed by natives. The natives of Paama paid £1150 ($5,500) in three years for schools.

As another step towards self-support, they are cbntributing to the salaries of their teachers. In some islands the natives receive no outside help for this, and it will be interesting to note that Aniwa, the island of the late Dr. John G, Paton, is now self-supporting. Besides this, they are regularly contributing for the mission hospitals and for objects outside of the islands. Of their own accord and on theirown initiative, the natives of Tanna collected £100 for the widows and orphans of soldiers killed in this war; the Aneityumese, much fewer in number, gave £17, and other islands various sums. They have also made contributions in Malo, Fila and Aneityum, as mementoes of the work of their missionaries. 'l'he natives of East Tanna recently sent £40 to S. Australia, for the church of their own missionary.

The work of itinerating and visiting, instead of being performed by boat 01' on foot, is immensely facilitated by motor launches, now supplied to practically every missionary in the group. The inland natives have removed from sparsely peopled districts towards the coast, rendering the toilsome journeys of former days unnecessary. Many good paths have recently been made, some of them suitable for use by riders on horseback, and in two or three cases by horse conveyances.

Since the mission has been supplied with more· suitable houses and the climate is better understood, the health of missionaries has im-

THE NEW HEBRIDES SINCE JOHN G. PATON

A WJ'KK-D.U: CONGREGATION IN FUTUNA This is in strong contrast to the meetings in days of heathenism, when bloody wars and degrading feasts were common proved. Four missionaries lately retired after forty to forty-two years in the Mission; the Rev. P. Milne is in his forty-ninth year of service, and two missionaries are in the Mission after thirty-eight and thir·tyfour years respectively.

The Christian natives are healthier than the heathen, and there are fewer cases of consumption among them. Through the Me.dical Mission, lepers in Tanna, who brought the disease from Queensland and New Caledonia, have been segregated in the interior, where they produce their own food and are supplied with clothing by the Christians.

EDUOATIONAL AND SPIRITUAL PROGRESS.

The missionaries believe, as they they have always done, that the evangelization of the islands can be best attained by teaching and preaching the word of God. Consequently translation is keeping pace with teaching, and, in addition to those already named, translations of the New Testament and the Psalms in Nguna, an Old Testament History and most of the New Testament in Futuna, a Bible Treasury 01' Textbook in Aneityum, besides portions of Scripture in several other languages, are now in the hands of the natives. A translation of the "Child's Bible" in Tongoan, is in progress. The Rev. N. Mackenzie, of Korea, is giving part of his furlough to visit his former field at Nogugu to Santo, and translate portions of Scripture in the language spoken there.

The people value their books, and practice the precepts taught therein. Sudden conversions, though not unknown, are few, but their changea lives are proofs of the fruit of the Gospel. "It is sweet to suffer for Jesus," said a woman of Nogugu, who had been wounded by a musket shot, fired by a heathen. "I want to shake hands with the man who murdered my nephew," said a Christian Futunese, "and ask him to give up heathenism and help to spread the Gospel in Futuna." He lived to do so, and the one time murderer is a Christian teacher with many years of service behind him. The Christians are diligent, honest and immensely superior to the heathen mentally, morally and physically.

The great need of the Mission is educated teachers. This want is being supplied by the Training Institution. The standard required is rising, and the desire for higher education increasing. Valuable assistance is given in teaching by the missionaries' wives, and for some years recently their children have taught in the native language and in English. 'l'wo sons of the late Dr. Paton have been missionaries for a number of years, and also the Rev. Wm., a son of Rev. P. Milne.

In 1912, several missionaries made evangelistic tours through Epi and along the coast of Malekula with encouraging receptions from the people. Last year, Revs. M. Frater and J. B. Weir made a similar tour through Epi and Paama, then through all Ambrim. They took a complete census of Ambrim-the first made-and found the population to be 5,591, of whom 3,413 were heathen. As a result of the campaign, which occupied three months, forty natives were, after instructions, baptized. The teachers urged that their missionary, Dr. Bowie, should return or a missionary be settled in North Ambrim.

Through the medical work of the Mission the heathen are brought into contact with the Christians and the kindness shown them; and the Gospel taught them are bearing fruit. At the Paton Memorial Hospital, opened at Vila, in 1910, white and native patients are treated, and services for the white residents, as well as for natives, are conducted in the Paton Memorial Church.

The missionaries of the llelanesian Mission have prepared and printed at their own press, about 8 translations of Scripture for the islands of Oba, Maewo and Pentecost, occupied by them. The Church of Christ has withiil the last 7 or 8 years also sent missionaries to these islands. The Adventists have for four years occupied the difficult island of Achin, on the Northeast of Malekula, and they propose to extend their work to the mainland.

Two expeditions by British and French warships recently attempted to punish the heathen of North Malekula for outrages and murders of whites and native teachers, but the heathen, though they suffered severely from the second expedition, are still defiant.

The present war has hardly affected the mission work. A Futunese teacher said, "Perhaps this is the war we read about in Revelation." The sympathies of the natives are with Britain, and through Britain,

A NEW FJjEBRIDES CHRISTIAN PASTOR, HIS WIFE AND

Pastor Habena was thrown by his heathen mother into the bush to die. He was rescued by his father

with her Allies. They are horrified at the "frightfulness" of the Ger- mans. Such cruelties were unknown in the New Hebrides in the darkest days of heathenism.

Christianity has now spread over all the islands from the south up to Ambrim, except about perhaps one-third of Tanna. It is extend- ing in lIalekula, except in the north, which is wholly heathen. The majority are Chrh;tians in Malo, and perhaps a third of the natives of Santo.

THE FUTURE OF THE ISLANDS.

'What iR to be the future of the Islands? It mainly depends upon the Power to which the IRlands are ceded after the war. The Con- dominium is imposRible, and the group must belong either to Britain or to France. The decision will be of the highest importance to the Mis- sion and to the natives. French priests have had 'Det'Y few convertR. Homanislll has no attractions for New Hebrideans, and the celibacy of the priests dops not appeal to people among whom the unmarried state is a reproach. The French Reformed Church has done nothing for the people. If the islands are given to France there is enough vitality ill the religion of the native Christians to maintain itself even amid perse: cution, as the past has proved. But the people generally will lose heart and the heathen, through grog and cruel treatment, will disappear. I<jx- perience has proved that British missionaries, in spite of guarantees, can- not work successfully in French Colonies. A French judge under the . Condominium said a "Holy war should be waged against the mission- aries." If Britain annexes the group, the natives will be encouraged and stimulated. And, though grievances will not all disappear, though decrease of the population will not entirely cease, there is good reason to believe that under kindly British rule the Islands will in a few ypars become a prosperous Christian Colony.

Christianity is the great preserving power of the people. The heathen are "everywhere decreasing." The Christians are either "hold- ing their own," increasing, or decreasing more slowly. As long as Futuna was heathen, the population went steadily down. Since the Futunese accepted the Gospel, they increased in proportion to the 8trength of their Ohristianity.

The same applies to Tanna. The following figures, supplied by Rev. T. Macmillan of E. Tanna, show that with the advance of Chris- tianity the death rate decreases.

Members admitted from 1897-1907, 296. Died, 122, or 41 %.

Members admitted from 1907-1913, 290. Died, 66, or 21%. Members admitted from 1913-1917, 103. No deaths up to date.

"The fear of the Lord prolongeth days; but the years of the wicked shall be shortened." Proverbs 10.27.

or International Churches-Which?

TWO IDEALS PRESENTED BY TWO CHRISTIAN LEADERS WHO DISCUSS THE SUBJECT: SHALL WE CONTINUE TO PLANT AND PROPAGATE DE- NOMINATIONAL CHURCHES IN THE MISSION FIELD?

L A PLEA FOR UNITED NATIONAL CHRISTIAN CHURCHES BY THE REV. JAMES L. BARTON, D.D., BOSTON, MASS., Secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions O NE should enter upon the consideration of this subject without prejudice and in the spirit of absolute fairness. 'Ve cannot escape the fact that present conditions demand the discussion of this question.

The movement among American Protestant denominations is towards a close unity and even amalgamation. The significant action taken at the last great Presbyterian Assembly, calling for closer union among all Protestant bodies, challenges the attention of all communions. The demands made upon the churches by the war have produced cooperative Ohristian action, both in America and across the sea, which would not have been thought possible a few years ago. The movement in the churches of America and even in the thinking of leaders both within and without the church, is away from denominationalism to a profession and practice of Ohristianity in which sectarianism shall be reduced to its lowest terms, if not completely eliminated.

:Many examples might be given to show this tendency towards an outward expression of the Ohristian faith, embodying ~othing of the historic controversies that have divided and weakened the Ohurch. The present and increasingly exacting demands of war conditions and neces- Rities call for the exercise of every element of strength and vitality possessed by the Ohurch. These demands will increase so long as the war continues and will become even more urgent after actual fighting terminates. These things compel the serious consideration of whether the Ohristian forces can operate most effectively as separate units, each – acting independently of all the others and often in wasteful expenditure of strength in un-Ohristian competition.

If in Ohristian America we are driven to the serious consideration of this subject, how much more important must it be for the mission fields. The war pressure is hardly less anywhere abroad than here, while in some areas it is even greater. Africa and Asia are seething with a new intellectual, social and national life that is pregnant with possibilities for good or evil beyond our present comprehension. Autocracy is rapidly giving way in Japan, Ohina, India, Russia and else-

where to a form of democracy in which the people themselves are claiming an increasing share in the selection of their rulers and in the making and execution of their laws. Unless these peoples are actuated by the ideals of justice, righteousness, fraternity and service as taught by Christ, the world will be in peril and Christianity itself may be overwhelmed by the triumph of cruel ambition and unrestrained anarchy in pursuance of devastating ideals. We are not consulted as to whether the East shall or shall not move out into an era of self-government; it is already moving with startling rapidity.

To meet this condition every available influence of Christianity must be thrown around the leaders in all these countries that the foundations of the coming new democracies be firmly laid in those principles of Christian truth wherein alone can safety be found for them and for the rest of the world. In order to achieve this the church must assemble all of its resources and dedicate them to the task. It can afford to waste not an ounce of strength or any fraction of its resources in promoting anything that is not vital to the achievement of the purpose for which our Lord sent His disciples forth to evangelize the nations.

We are compelled to ask if the promotion of different denominations of the church, each denomination bearing a distinctive name that to the people of the East has little or no significance, is a source of strength to the Christian movement abroad or is it a source of weakness?

In order to make the consideration of this subject more concrete, take China as one example of a great foreign mission field. Already there are in China 78 denominational missionary societies at work, and under their leadership 78 different kinds of Protestant churches have been created and are being perpetuated. To many of the Chinese this array represents 78 different kinds of Christians. Few indeed of the Chinese Christians have any conception of the real reason why they bear a name which to them has no significance and which none of them can accurately pronounce. As a rule, they have been taught that there is a vital difference between the denominations; that they are to associate intimately only with those denominationally like themselves; their children are to be reared and educated in the belief that their denomination is superior to all the others and they are to work for the extension only of the kind of Christianity which bears their name. Who will contend that this is the best and most effective way for the Christians, who number less than one-eighth of one percent of the present popUlation of China, most effectively to present the claims of Christianity to the remaining ninety-nine and seven-eighths percent of that mighty countl'y in order to win it for civilization and for Christ?

Will anyone contend that the great command of our Lord to go into all the world and preach His Gospel is rightly interpreted when we, in our denominational zeal, interpret it to read, "Go into all the

NATIONAL OR INTERNATIONAL CHURCHES-WHICH?

world and preach Presbyterianism to every creature," others, "Preach Baptism by immersion to every creature" ; others, "Preach Methodism" ; others, "Episcopalianism"; others, "Lutheranism"; others, "Congregationalism," and so on to the end of the catalogue. As if this were not enough, there follows a list of "Reformed" and "North" and "South" divisions.

Have these varied interpretations of the command of our Lord and their exportation to the various mission fields helped or hindered the effective presentation of Christ and His Gospel to the Chinese and the entire non-Christian world? We must not blame the early missionaries or their Boards. All did the best they knew as they followed the generai belief of the times in which they lived. The vital question is, are we justified in perpetuating a custom that is manifestly divisive, often destructively competitive, and for which there is no warrant in Scripture?

Do the churches that support missionary operations demand or even desire that we continue to put emphasis upon that which divides the church of Christ in mission lands? I do not believe the rank and file of our churches and the intelligent supporters of our foreign missionary enterprises, if they understood the facts, would favor our continuing to propagate divisions abroad in order that they may have the satisfaction of knowing that their gifts are aiding in making Christians who bear the same denominational label as that borne by the contributor.

Let us sum up some of the reasons why all branches of the Protestant Church should devote every energy and all resources to uniting in all mission fields to the end that there be created and perpetuated one undivided church of Jesus Christ.

1. Movements in this direction at home, especially in connection with Christian work in camps and among soldiers, are proving to be a source of great inspiration and strength. The work of the Young Men's Christian Association is an excellent illustration of the way the people of the United States are ready to back up and support non-sectarianism Christian work. There are many indications that the union of the foreign missionary work into churches without divisions, presenting a united front to the forces of evil, would command an equally enthusiastic backing and support.

2. The conduct of the war in France, for the first three years and more, when each one of the Allies acted separately under its own leaders, in co-operation but as independent units, shows the wastefulness and inefficiency of that line of action. This mistaken method of conducting a great military campaign has now been corrected by the most revolutionary military readjustment history records. If Governments

can bring about this unprecedented and even revolutionary change in order to overcome a common enemy, cannot the Church do as much in order to create a single agency for the spiritual conquest of the world?

3. A united church would remove all temptation from mission- aries and native leaders to wasteful un-Christian rivalry and would permit all of the available Christian forces in every country to organize in an unbroken body for pressing the claims of Christ upon the un- reached multitudes. .

4. The use of a common name for a single church would eliminate the existing confusion as to the meaning of the various denominations and give the impression that, after all, the followers of Jesus' Christ are undivided, thus giving a new· sense of unity and solidarity, and direct the attention of Christians in every country away from the differ- ences that separate to the one colossal task confronting the church.

5. The new comprehension of one church would convince all believers in all mission fields that they are a real part of the great church universal and not merely a part of one of its branches. In this way they would be brought into fraternal relations with the Christians of all lands and all communions through their religious papers, hymn books and all permanent and periodical literature. It would follow as a natural corollary that all denominational religious literature on mission fields would become Christian literature without denominational label. It would also give the native church every opportunity for adequate self-expression.

6. Co-operation in the creation and promotion of a single church of Christ abroad could not fail to become a source of supreme blessing and renewed spiritual life to the churches here at home. We would all be surprised to find how little beyond prejudic, tradition and accident there is which separates us and what vast areas of common faith and practice we already hold together. To begin to think and plan and act in terms of the Kingdom of God rather than in terms of a denomination, would open up mighty areas of spiritual possibilities of which few have ever dreamed.

7. A single church on the foreign field acting as a unit would more than double, probably more than quadruple, the vital aggressive spiritual and physical power of the church to win others, extend its influence into circles hitherto untouched and make it the irresistible force among the nations it was destined to be. Only thus can the church in the East reveal and exercise its supreme power as the undivided and unbroken body of Christ. Could we not expect and even claim a mighty outpouring of the Holy Spirit upon a church united in the name of the Christ?

NATIONAL OR INTERNATIONAL CHURCHES-WHICH?

There are many indications that the churches in mission lands are ready to begin such a union movement. The steps recently taken in China to unite all the various Presbyterian and Congregational churches into one organization show that the Ohristians of Ohina are feeling the necessity and importance of eradicating the denominational differ· ences that have hitherto separated. The movement has already been begun among the native churches in South India; These and other steps in the same direction, taken without direct promotion by the Mis· sion Boards or the home churches, suggest what might be achieved if the denominational organizations of America should urge and support the coming together and the organization into a single body of all churches in every mission field. The mission churches are becoming conscious of the unreasonableness and even waste of the present un- Ohristian divisions as well as the futility of attempting to win their respective countries for Ohrist with divided forces. Ohristians at home cannot escape a large responsibility in this matter. The churches and missions abroad may in time, without our backing, and even in spite of our refusal to sanction the step, bring about a large measure of union, but the delay will be wasteful and the consequent loss of strength will be enormous. By positive action now upon our part that waste and loss can be saved and new power engendered.

Are there any insuperable obstacles to the creation and perpetua- tion of such a Church in every mission land? Some may cla.im that it may be possible "for loosely organized churches to take this step, while great connectional churches could hardly bring about so radical a change. I am sure there is no Church so great, or so connectional, that it does not regard the extension of the Kingdom of Ohrist in the world and its complete triumph as of surpassing importance, even greater than connectionalism or the promotion of any sectarian idea. The greater and more powerful the church the greater the necessity of its throwing the weight of its influence in favor of bringing the rapidly rising churches in mission lands together and helping them organize under the leadership of their Master Christ, whose undivided body they represent and through whom He must act.

Since modern foreign missions began; there has never been an hour when the demands for a united Church in mission lands were so insistent as today, or when the rewards for such a step were so full of glorious promise. Here is the opportunity for the churches of America and the Mission Boards to organize the forces at their command to meet the present crisis of depleted workers on the field, and the lack of adequate financial support, confronted by rapidly opening opportunities in every mission country. Only thus can the Church of Christ come into the full possession of all its powers and present an unbroken and irresistible front to the non-Ohristian world.

Up SHALL WE BUILD WORLD-WIDE DENOMINATIONS?

BY BISHOP J. W. BASHFORD, D.D., CHINA Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church Of the Ohurch in mission fields, two views are held.

(1) That we should aim to build up strong, union, national churches emphasizing Christian unity, but with freedom to develop national characteristics_ (2) That we should aim to build up international churches along denominational lines, emphasizing the special beliefs and methods of worship characteristic of different denominations.

I do not wish to write as a partisan in support of any view, but rather to discuss briefly the New Testament conception of the Church and to apply these principles to the solution of the question.

The Church is a living organism whose life is derived through union with Ohrist, by the indwelling of the Holy Spirit. According to the Roman Oatholic view, the Reformation, which aimed at spiritual life at the expense of an external and legal unity, was a false movement in human history, and the Protestant churches are called upon to return in penitence to the "mother church." Upon the contrary, under the New Testament conception, the struggling Christians of the Reformation were fully justified in seeking spiritual life at the expense of an external unity_ This life has that unity in variety which characterizes life in the vegetable kingdom and in the animal kingdom.

The only basis for a deeper unity of the Protestant churches is the conviction that each has wrought out some phase of the infinite life of God in the soul of man. The blue flame of Presbyterian loyalty to the truth, the red flame of Methodist zeal for God, the yellow flame of spiritual life among the Quakers, and the purple flame of Episcopal worship-all are needed to constitute the white light of the Sun of Righ teousness.

In a matter of such deathless importance to Ohristianity, had the unity of the Church been external, had only one form of creed, one order of worship, one mode of baptism and prayer, one method of church government, been acceptable to God, it is incredible that such form of church government had not been included in Revelation. Why do we not find prescribed in the New Testament one single creed, a single ritual, a single form of church government? Why did not Ohrist Himself observe a single mode of prayer and worship? Because as Paul says, "The letter killeth, the spirit giveth life." Haggling over forms and ceremonies and external government is entirely foreign to the spirit of the New Testament. Christian unity will never be achieved by formal meetings of representatives of the various denomi-

NATIONAL OR INTERNATIONAL CHURCHES-WHICH?

nations to determine how much of what each deems to be truth he is willing to sacrifice for the sake of an external union.

''Yith the Protestant conception of Christian unity rather than the Roman Catholic conception, let us turn to the mission field. Christ's program for the evangelization of Palestine was by healing, preaching, teaching. Noone can read the Gospels without being con- fronted with the miracles of Jesus; and these miracles were not miracles of punishment, though the New Testament teaches that those who will not accept Christ as Saviour and Lord, must later meet Him as jUdge. But the New Testament miracles were miracles of healing performed by Christ to reveal the Fatherhood of God and to lead men to Himself as a Saviour. In no way can we so readiTy convince the pagan races of God's Fatherhood as through our hospitals, providing for their sick, and through our schools, offering education to their children. Christ, in His preaching and teaching, aimed not only to give the masses an understanding of the Gospel, but to raise up and train the twelve disciples in order that they might carryon the work after His own departure.

Christ's method for evangelizing Palestine is the most successful program for the mission fields today. This three-fold method of heal- ing, preaching and teaching, does not demand an external unification of all the churches working in a pagan land, but it does demand co- ordination and co-operation in all our work. It calls for division of territory in order that there may be no duplication of effort, and in order that the Gospel may be carried to as large a number of people as possible. In the larger centers, it demands union work in hospitals, and in the advanced schools in order to avoid the cost of duplication and the bitterness which often arises from competition. It demands worship in a union church in our larger centers, but permits the wor- shippers to join in this union church without sacrificing membership . in the mother churches which send them out.

If we can send to the mission field a body of missionaries and develop on the mission field a body of Christians who in humility seek the will of God above all other aims; if each of these Christians is filled with the love that suffereth long and is kind, that envieth not, that vaunteth not itself, is not puffed up, doth not behave itself un- seemly, seeketh not her own, is not easily provoked, thinketh no evil; rejoiceth not in iniquity, but rejoiceth in the truth; that beareth all things, believeth all things, hopeth all things, endureth all thingssuch a fellowship of missionaries and converts in mission lands will convince all pagans that God is their Heavenly Father and that Jesus Christ is from God. We favor such a spirit and such co-operation among Christians in pagan lands, rather than an attempt to organize one external national church for the following reasons: (1) The universality of Christianity is not best displayed by the manifestation of national and race characteristics.

(2) As a matter of fact, with the existing organization of the churches in the home lands, the churches on mission fields will keep in closer touch with, and will secure more aid from the home bases by maintaining ecclesiastical connections with their mother churches than by a separate independent organization on the mission field.

(3) With the strong trend toward nationalism which characterized the political history of the 19th century, and which was one cause of the present war, the churches will contribute more to world harmony if each denomination belts the globe with its work and workers, rather than by the separate organization of the Ohristian forces of each nation into a national church with the emphasis upon race characteristics and the consequent loss of the vision of the universal church.

(4) No one will contend that forty or fifty national churchesone for each nation, maintained over· against each other for all time, is the goal of Ohristian unity. The vital question is, therefore, does the path to the higher, final miity lie through the organization of national units maintaining race characteristics, supported from the national treasury and devoted in all international conflicts to national ideals, or does it lie through a Presbyterianism and a Methodism and n Oongregationalism, each universalized and belting the globe with its members, each accustomed to various races and sympathizing with the aspirations of them all. The prospects of the higher unity certainly lie along the latter rather than the former path.

(5) However easy it may seem to organize a mass of young Ohristians in any pagan nation into a single church, nevertheless, so far as our knowledge goes, experience does not reveal the successful founding of any union national church. Often the motive in a pagan land which suggests a national church is a mixed one, made up more largely of the desire for independence, than of the spirit of fellowship. This spirit of independence is not favorable to the surrender of ecclesiastical convictions and of union with other Ohristians in the pagan nation. In Japan for instance, the promise of a unified Japanese church to follow the severance of all ties of the missions with their mother churches has not been realized. The Ohina Inland Mission finds it is wiser to concede to each group of converts, the right to organize a church after the mind of that group and of the missionary who won the group to Ohrist, ~han to attempt to organize all churches on any one model. The McAll Mission in Paris-a union movement-has failed to secure sufficient funds from any base or from all bases for the proper development of its work. Upon the whole,· we know of no successful effort to establish Ohristian unity in any mission land by the separation of each mission from the mother church at home.

In the New Testament we find no trace of a national church and no enunciation of principles which would lead to a national church. God deems the law of love of such importance that He embodies it first in the family; and the family is a divine institution whereby God calls·

1918J NATIONAL OR INTERNATIONAL CHURCHES-WHICH?

each of us out of pure individualism into an instinctive love of each for all the members. Above the family, God has established the state; and the state also is a divine institution for the extension of the law of love beyond the family and the clan to the nation and the race. Above the family and above the .state, God has .ordained the Ohurch; and the Ohurch is a divine institution whereby God calls for the extension of our love and service beyond our family, beyond our nation, beyond our race, to the entire human family. The charter of the Ohurch is, "Jesus Ohrist tasted death for every man." This charter rests back on the creative plan whereby God "hath made of .one every nation of men that dwell on the face of all the earth." Springing out .of GDd's creative plan and .of the universal redemp- tiDn .ordained by God from before the foundation of the world is the divine prayer which Jesus taught each redeemed child .of every nation tD say, "Our Father who art in Heaven." Orowning the creation .of the race in the image of God, the provision fDr a universal redemptiDn and the commDn prayer, is the final command, "Go ye, therefore, and make disciples .of all nations." It is this nDte of universality which differentiates the church frDm the nation and the family. Hence, the very phrase "A NatiDnal Ohurch" is a contradiction in terms, just as a church fDr a single family is a contradiction in terms.

Finally, for the Ohristian Ohurch tD accept any form of nationalism as its goal when the whole wDrld is moving toward internationalism seems to us a fatal blunder. The late PrDf. Seeley, of Oambridge University, was wont to assure his students that nationalism was. the key to the pDlitical history of the nineteenth century; It aCCDunts fDr the welding together of the petty kingdoms of Germany into the German Empire, of the numerDUS kingdoms of the Italian peninsula into the kingdDm of Italy. It accounts for the triumph .of the UniDn in the struggle between the North and the South during the American Oivil War. It accounts for the grDwth of the British Empire. Irideed the acceptance of nationalism by Germany and her disregard of the universal claims of justice and .of the teachings of the New Testament is a chief cause of our present war. It requires no prophet tD fDretell that if nationalism was the key to the pDlitical history of the nineteenth century,internationalism will be the key to the political history .of the twentieth century. At the very time when commerce and industry and politics are becoming international, when the' world is unconsciDusly acceptIng universal love manifested by universal service as the only solution .of human problems-for the Ohristian Ohurch to revert at such a tiIlle to nationalism as her goal, seems like a fatal case of atavism~

INFLUENTIAL MEN IN OffiNA – AN AMERICAN AND A

Dr. Geol"ge Sherwood Eddy and Dr. Sun Yat Sen In Canton, ChIna

in China's

BY SHERWOOD EDDY, LL.D., Secretary for Asia, International Young Men's Christian Associations W E have just completed a tour of the eastern half of China. We began with a busy week in Canton, the first of the twelve cities which we were to visit. Our work this year centered in the Chinese church and emphasized the enlisting of picked individuals in service rather than evangelistic meetings for multitudes. Hundreds of Chinese decided for Christ. On the last night of the series the Chinese pastors of the twenty-eight local churches sat on the platform. As the name of each church was called, the pastor arose, then his workers in the audience, then the new converts who had been won by them or had made the decision for Christ during the week. It was an inspiring sight to see each pastor lead out his little flock, twenty, thirty, forty or fifty going out to begin their weekly Bible class and to extend the work of winning the millions of China one by one.

It is this emphasis on persona! work, vitalizing and organizing the Christians to go out and win their non-Christian friends and working within the indigenous local churches that is the distinctive feature of the campaign this year. Previously we have tried to win converts from the non-Christian community and hand them over to the church, but we found that the churches were often unprepared and many of the converts were lost, not being followed up and set to work in the church.

This year we 'have got down to bed-rock and are working within the church itself, working out through a vitalized membership.

On the opening night we met twelve hundred Christians and held a daily meeting to train them in personal work. These newly aroused Christians were previously trained in personal work classes and went out each to win or at least bring a non-Christian frie~d into the "person- alized" or covered meeting, where every non-Christian had some Chris- tian worker who had brought him and would follow him up and talk with him during the interval between the two meetings. Anything which was accomplished, however, was only made possible by the cen- tury of missionary seed sowing which had gone before.. The fields are dead ripe for harvest, and our part was that of a coolie or harvest hand called in to reap at .the final ingathering. It was the men who had borne the burden and heat of the day during the long century before who did the real work. .

A team of a dozen workers and specialists were busy night and day in interviews, organizing Bible classes, dealing with enquirers and hearing the confessions of sin. One man came in who had stolen some $800; he made the first payment of $100 toward the settlement

of the entire amount. He was followed by others who had stolen money or who were guilty in other ways.

It is the belief of many that a new application of the method of personal work has been discovered and applied in the preparation for these meetings by the local workers which may extend throughout the whole of Asia, with incalculable blessing. We are filled with thanksgiving because of what has already been accomplished.

As a result of the preparatory work of Rev. F. N. D. Buchman and the personal work of the Chinese, several hundred decided for Christ in Canton, including most of the non-Christians in Canton Christian Oollege.

Our experience in the remaining eleven cities, from Hongkong to Peking and from Shanghai to Ohangsha, was much the same as in Oanton. In each city from one to six hundred Ohristians were organized for personal work and in each city from three hundred to a thousand non- Ohristians students, officials, business men and others have signed the decision card. More than half of these men are now studying in Bible classes and are being prepared for membership in the church. In one city more than one hundred and fifty have already been baptized and others will follow as they are prepared.

This awakening of the Ohristians to new activity comes at the hour of Ohina's desperate material and political need. Everything that has been tried in the past seems to have failed. Classical precepts, moral maxims, calculating Confucian morality have failed, and Confucianism, the very keystone of Ohina's moral and social arch, seems to be crumbling. Ancestor worship, Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and the modern eclectic systems, all alike have failed to regenerate the nation. We do not deny that Confucianism especially has laid noble moral foundations in the past, that it has been· a splendid preparation for some adequate future fulfilment, but alone it has utterly failed to save China. Confucianism has produced a deeper moral consciousness than any other non-Ohristian religion which we have found in Asia. It gives precepts, but it has failed to give the necessary power; it offers doctrine, but not life; theory, but not practice. The whole life of Ohina today and the backwardness of this one-quarter of the human race are sufficient proof of its pathetic and final inadequacy.

The trouble with Ohina today lies at the very heart and center of the nation's life; it is radical and fundamental. Foreign and domestic loans, secular education, classical moral precepts and the religious systems of her great past, have all alike failed to save or satisfy the deep need of this great people. Many seem to fear that they are almos.t at the end of their resources and the leaders often seem to be morally bankrupt.

Never was there a time. when things looked so dark politically or so bright religiously, so dark for the government or so bright for the Ohristian church in Ohina as today. This nation has reaf'hed the posi-

CHINA'S CRISIS

SOME CHINESE LEADERS WHO ATTIDNDED DR. EDDY'S EVANGELI'STIC MEETINGS Admiral Ching (left) who Was assassinated the night after attending Dr. Eddy's meeting in Canton. Dr. ,C. C. Wa (center) and Wa Ting Fang (right) tion where a great religious revival is imperatively needed and it is in just that condition in which such movements have often started in past history in other parts of the world. It is our firm conviction that Jesus Christ and vital Christianity, diffused through a growing indigenous Chinese Church is the only hope of this great nation.

Here is one-quarter of the human race, preserved where other nations have fallen, after four thousand years of noble history. Such a great past prophecies a great future. The crucial need of the hour is a living Christian church. It is just at this time of national need' and crisis that the movement for personal eVl:ngelism, which has been spreading through the Chinese church, comes with such hope and promise: A group of Chinese evangelists, prepared by God, have begun the great work of reaping among their fellow countrymen, and bands of personal workers have been trained in the churches. Christ today is the only hope for China.

On the training ground in France I saw a mass of men charging together and heard the officer call out: "Keep together, keep together men; one man cannot take a trench." That irregular mass of men illustrates the need of the present hour. If one man alone forged ahead he was quickly overcome by the enemy, if he straggled behind he was not

in the battle at all; those men who kept together captured the trench. It is just so in the church of Christ today; isolated endeavor or de- nominational, sporadic efforts are not enough to meet the overwhelming crisis of the present hour. Our forces are too few and too divided and unorganized to meet .J:he crucial and immediate need of one-quarter of the human race.

One hundred years of past effort of missionary schools and colleges, hospitals and institutions, churches and evangelism, have fully prepared , China for a great united Christian advance. If we will keep together, and together with Christ go forward, we can "attempt great things for God and expect great things from God." God is ready, the non-Chris· tians are ready. It would have been as easy in each city of China to have gathered audiences of several thousand a night as it was to get several hundred, so far as the non-Christians were concerned, and many of these men would nave been ready to join Bible classes or to join the church if only we had been ready and able to receive them.

Now is the time to pray and work for China. In spite of all the awful need in the great war of destruction, we must furnish the constructive forces to save the Far East at this time of need and opportunity (To be Concluded) American Ways and Chinese Ways COMPARED BY REV. W. H. SMITH, FOOCHOW UNIVERSITY, CHINA (From the St. Louis Christian Advocate) IN AMERICA IN CHINA Compass needle points north. Compass needle points south. Build walls, then roof of house. Build roof, then walls of a house. Mix mortar with hoe. Mix mortar with a rake. Row boat facing the stern. Row boat facing the bow, Milk cow on right side. Milk cow on the left side. Varnish dry wood in dry weather. Varnish wet wood in wet weather, Make upper of shoe, then sole it. Make shoe sole first, then the upper. In beckoning, fingers are upward. In beckoning, fingers bend downward. In counting on fingers, begin at thumb. In counting on fingers, begin at little, Put clothes in water to wash them. Put water on clothes to wash them. Children wind top at spindle end. Children wind top at big end. Index in back of book. Index in front of book (Vol. 1). Fold letter writing inside. Fold letter writing outside. Read horizontally left to right. Read horizontally right to left. Put writer's name and address on letter. Put writer's full name on envelope only. Write with hard pen. Write with a brush (soft pen). Keep ink as a liquid. Keep ink as a solid. Given name first, family last. Family name first, given last. Wear black at funerals. Wear white at funerals. Button on right side, hole on left. Hole on right side, button on left. Put hole over button. Put button through the loop.

Training in the Far

BY HORACE H. UNDERWOOD, SEOUL, KOREA T HE present is an age of Idealism masquerading as Materialism. We look backwards to the days when one or two 'lofty souls, among millions, dared to venture into unknown lands. .

One of the most purely idealistic branches of mission work, in- dustrial training, for many years received scant attention because it was assumed to be a more materialistic and worldly phase of misRion work than the direct preaching of the gospe1. Today its evangelizing value is coming to be recognized. The true mission of Missions is not merely to awaken nations to a state of dazed helplessness in a world they know not, but to awaken them to new lite and to the purposeful practical activity of Christ and their fellow men.

The old Orient, the Orient of Edwin Arnold and of Lafcadio Hearn, the Orient of Confucius and of a Buddhistic Nirvana, was and is idealistic in the common understanding of the word. But it is the idealism of the "Lotus-Eaters," the idealism in which the "dreaming of dreams" and the "seeing of visions" does not arouse to stirring deeds, but is a substitute for them.

The preaching of the gospel has today the same power and the same fascination it has always had, but missionaries are realizing that some must deny themselves this front·line work and train those who have been gathered into the Kingdom. Allover the world, those whose privilege it was to go first had also the privilege of devoting their ener- gies to the simple preaching of the gospel.· To those who followed there came the double duty of preaching and of organizing Sabbath schools, .

Bible institutes, seminaries, high·schools and colleges, for the training· of those converts by whom the missionary is many times multiplied.

So recently that we may speak of it as today, there has come the realization that this must be supplemented by still further and dif· ferent training. The writer is better acquainted with the situation in Korea than in other fields and therefore uses the work in that country as a specific instance of a general condition.

Mission work in Korea began a little over thirty years ago, and for purposes of argument, may be roughly divided into three decades, each with its distinguishing phase. The first was the time of Seed-Sowing, the direct preaching of the gospel and the preparation of the way.

Results there were, the work was more blessed and the first fruits more quickly seen than in many fields. The second decade may be called the period of In-Gathering. The workers had their hands full with the mere reception and shepherding of those who came. This In·Gather- ing has continued to the present, but not in the same proportions. The third decade has been one of Organization:: The growth of a nativl'

pastorate, the training of leaders, the forming of more truly native church organizations, all this, while rooted and grounded in the work of the first and second decades, belongs properly to this third period. We have in Korea today a working nucleus, an organized church, ready now to join hands with the missionaries and step forth to further conquests for Christ among their countrymen. But what has happened outside the Church during these three decades? Is Korea still the Land of the Morning Calm?

The recent history of the Far East is too familiar to need repeti- tion. All are familiar with the fact that after the political battle-dore and shuttle-cock between Japan and Russia, Japanese influence be-' c'ame predominant, cUlminating in the annexation of the country by Japan in 1910. With this came an influx of Japanese and an opening up of the country to the twentieth century which it had not before experienced. Korean farmers and merchants were brought into con- tact with modern methods in the hands of competitors whose resources were greater than their own. The government has done much for the country in many ways, but the period of industrial depression for the Koreans which set in about this time was and is inevitable. Confronted by the new conditions, hundreds of firms went to the wall. Eventually, the improved status of the country in general will bring back pros- perity and correspondingly improved industrial and commercial con- ditions, but some years to come will be lean years for the Koreans. . The church and the people as a whole have been brought abruptly into contact with the world. The Korean Church has long been noted as an exponent of the principle of self-support. Naturally the last few years have found it more and more difllcult to maintain their former standard in this matter.

The problem and the difficulties and dangers it presented, did not go unnoticed by the Governor-General. His Excellency Gov.-General Terauchi (now Premier of Japan) pointed out that Japan itself was suffering from over much education of a purposeless and unpractical sort, education which unfitted rather than fitted the recipients for practical WOrk. He urged the development of industrial training for the Koreans as a preventive of this evil. In compliance with this idea, the' 'Bureau of Education decided to provide only in the educational system of Korea for a grade of work in the regular school course considerably lower than that of Japan.

Large sums were spent and mu,ch attention devoted to industrial training both in the schools and through the agency of model farms, etc., at different places in the country.

What has been the attitude of the Church and what has it done to meet its share of this pressing need? Very early in the history of many of the schools in the country potential industrial departments were organized in the form of the so-called Self-Help Departments. Indeed practically all the industrial training in the mission schools

1918J INDUSTRIAL TRAINING IN THE FAR EAST

can even now be classified as self-help work, the difference between the two being as yet hardly noticeable to the casual visitor. These self-help departments were, or are, as their name migh_t imply, departments of the· school for the purpose of supplying work to needy students with the intent to assist them in securing an education. In some institutions they have remained a thin disguise for charity, and the frantic head of the department is only too happy if he can discover a new ditch to be dug or an old one to be filled up; in short, anything which will excuse his paying a monthly wage to the students. Others, on the other hand, have gone on taking up one or more lines of special work so that when the student graduates, in addition to having earned his way through school, he has produced a certain number or amount of goods of real -market value to the department which has paid him, and has also ac- quired a working knowledge of some trade or industry. The reason for the statement that all the work could be classified as self-help work, lies in the fact that none of the schools have, to my knowledge at any rate, been able, for financial reasons, to make the industrial training phase of primary, and the self-help phase of secondary, importance.

The only instance of Christian industrial training per se, in Korea, is the Y. M. C. A. of Seoul, where obviously the difficulties in the way are less and the resources greater than is the case with the average mission academy. The Y. M. C. A. was one of the earliest in this field, and now has a large building specially devoted to industrial training. Here, such subjects as carpentry, machining, printing, shoe-making and photography are taught under competent supervision. The mission school has to contend with the problem of the ever present poor student who is dependent on his earnings for his schooling. Time, space and money for the scientific training of those, who, while they will in the future need such training, do not at this moment need the cash, are hard to secure. The Hugh O'Neill Academy in Syenchun (Presbyterian) is a good illustration of an institution where the work of a Self-Help Department has been given a decided and useful trend toward real industrial training. Here the work is largely agricultural and of great help to the students of a country so decidedly agricultural as is Korea. In Pyengyang, in close connection with the Academy, the Anna Davis Industrial Department is one of the more fortunate institutions which has a special missionary for this work. For some time, however, this institution also gave greater attention to self-help than to industrial training, but the realization of the vital necessity of the ,latter is shown in its last report which speaks of a change newly recommended which "by better organization and equipment would enable it to actually and practically teach each student some industry." The Anglo-Korean School in Songdo (Southern Methodist) has a capable head for its large industrial department and is one of the institutions which more nearly approximates the ideal industrial training.

Perhaps, however, a specific instance, a description of the work and conditions in one instiution, will give more clearly the situation, difficulties and attainments of the work in general. The writer is better acquainted with the work of the Industrial Department of the John D. Wells School in Seoul, having been connected with it for a time.

At the very beginning of the work the first problem which came up was the choice of subjects. Should the department aim to take up purely vVestern trades or to develop existing Korean industries? Should it cater to a trade among foreign residents, tourists and in the homelands or should it make and find its market among the Japanese and natives? Should it teach the use of complicated machinery, which the student might never see after graduation, or depend on cruder machines purchasable in Korea and Japan? It was decided that as the department was for and among Koreans the development of existing Korean industries should be given chief attention; that a larger and more permanent market could be found among the natives and that the development of such a market would be of advantage to the graduates where an export and tourist trade would not. As to equipment, jt was the opinion of those in charge, that it would be far better to depend in the main on crude machinery, such as a student would be likely to meet with after graduation_ However, that the boys might not be altogether ignorant of modern machinery, it was determined to install a few machines of the latest type.

The system of admission and of payment were also questions which gave considerable trouble. None of these things were answered in a moment, but usually after months of experimenting and many mistakes. In the matter of admission to the department, we finally came around to the following plan: the student was required to bring with him a recommendation from the pastor or native leader of his church, certifying that the boy's family were unable to assist him or that they could onfy give a stated amount per month and also vouching for the applicant's moral character. Before being admitted, he was examined first by the superintendent of the department alone, and later by him in conference with the manager and the principal of the school. If favorably passed on by these three, he was required to make a deposit of one dollar with the superintendent and was entered on the rolls as an apprentice. This deposit is repaid to the student" at the end of two years, when it is renewable for two more years if he desires to continue in the department, but is forfeited should he leave without good and suffiCient reason before that time. As an apprentice, the student is questioned as to past experience or knowledge of any of the branches taught, and then assigned as may seem best.

On each student's machine was a card, marking the specifications of the goods to be made, the number of hours of work per day and the amount produced per day. These were tabulated in a monthly report which was most iqteresting reading for the management, parents of

INDUSTRIAL TRAHUNG IN THE FAR EAST

the students and students themselves, and soon proved well worth while. The industries now taught in this institution are weaving, dyeing, basketry, mat-making, embroidery, tailoring, and machine-knitting. Perhaps a word of explanation for these would be advisable. The products of all of these find a ready market among the natives, though the department has endeavored to work up an export trade in addition. The weaving, dyeing, basketry, mat-making and embroidery were all famous industries of old Korea which it seemed worth while to pre- 8erve and encourage. The rapidly increasing use of western socks and western clothes made the installation of a few knitting and a couple of sewing machines well worth while. Moreover, it was found that waste thread from the winding reels and waste or slightly damaged goods from the looms could he turned into salable socks, vests, caps, etc., by these machines. The emhroidery as an industry for boys always excites the greatest astonishment, and it might be well to explain that for hundreds of years it has heen a men's industry in Korea, and that embroidered screens, mottoes, banners and pieces of an sorts find a ready sale among the natives.

The late Dr. H. G. Underwood was deeply interested in this branch of mission work and felt that it was of vital importance. He was largely instrumental in founding the department in the John D. Wells School. When in America in 1912, he secured through the generosity of an individual, a large sum to provide land, building equipment and a certain amount of capital for this department, as well as the gift of four large modern power looms. By the fall of 1914, the huilding had been erected, the looms set up and a small horse-power gas engine installed as a power plant. The basement of the building is devoted to dyeing and mat-making, and to the heating and power plants. The main floor is entirely given up to weaving, and contains twenty-eight looms in addltion to the four power looms; the others being about equally divided between Korean hand and Japanese made foot machines. On the top floor the visitor finds the offices and stock room, while the rest of the floor space is divided into sections for embroidery, knitting, tailoring and the winding and preparation of the thread for the looms.

An attempt to extend the usefulness of the department beyond the students actually enrolled, is made by a series of lectures given to the various classes of the school on such subjects as gas-engines, dyeing, the knitting machine and its development, looms past and present, etc., etc. The staff of the department consists of a Korean Superintendent on whom falls the greater part of the burden, two clerks and five native instructors for tailoring, knitting, emhroidery, _weaving and dyeing comhined, and mat-making. These men are paid a fixed sum per month for the time given as instructors, and then as the students only work before and after the regular school hours, they are paid for whatever goods they themselves turn out during the day. They are all skilled

laborers and not only can they thus supplement their own salaries, but their products help very materially to even up the loss on goods made by the students. In addition to these men, the department employs a native salesman who·is on the road a good deal of the time and has also formed a sort of partnership with a native tailoring firm in the city to enable it to handle large orders for several hundred uniforms, etc., which it could not otherwise touch.

From sixty to eighty boys out of a total school enrollment of not quite two hundred are employed all through the school year. These 'boys do not all earn all their school expenses, but it is safe to say that it is the department which makes it po'ssible for all of them to receive an education. It teaches them a trade which is native to their country and the product of which is marketable at home; while familiarizing them with modern machinery, they are taught to use such machinery as will probably be available to them after graduation. They are taught also the dignity of labor, and an attempt is now being made to teach them a little of modern business methods in connection with a commercial course in the main school.

For this and other similar departments trained men in charge are a necessity, if they are to come up to the possibilities of usefulness which are in them. This department has received help of the principal of the school and part time from another missionary.

The right man in this place could make it trebly efficient in every way. The Y. M. C. A. in Seoul has at present two men whose whole time is devoted to industrial work; the Northern Presbyterian mission' has three workers: two men, one in Syenchun and one in Pyengyang, and one woman in Pyengyang; the Southern Methodist mission has one such man in the Anglo-Korean School in Songdo; the Southern Presbyterian mission brought out a man for this work, but a large part of his time has since been diverted to general educational work. Outside of the Y. M. C. A. the Roman Catholic Beneliictine Friars probably have devoted more attention to this work than any of the Protestant denominations.

Trained men are needed and money is needed. The self-help department which is struggling to broaden its scope and give real training is in danger of failing in this training by spreading its money too thin or of spending a great deal on a few students or of falling into any number of pit-falls which beset the unwary, untrained and overburdened clerical missionary forced to take up this work in addition to his own.

The benefits of this industrial training are obvious; the dangers and difficulties of its proper accomplishment are fascinatingly many and its appeal to the admirers of Paul the tent-maker and to the followers of Jesus, the carpenter's Son, should be irresistible.

SCHOOL GIRLS OF PACR.AGUAY TAKING THEIR MORNING

Paraguay; the Neglected Land of Latin America BY REV. TOLBERT F. REAVIS Foreign Christian Missionary Society PARAGUAY is a great undeveloped land with unlimited natural wealth and boundless future possibilities. Since it is nearly as large as Spain and has a much richer soil, with scarcely any barren soil, it bids fair within the next few decades to become the home of many millions of people.

Not only its soil, mineral and forest wealth, but its very position and geography make it a promising land, It lies up the river highway which leads in from the doorway to "A Oontinent of Opportunity," and is so surrounded and bisected with great. river thoroughfares of com· merce, that at one time in her history, Paraguay was the leading naval country of South America, regardless of the fact that she is an in· land country.

The great Parana River, upon which large steamers ascend for more than a thousand miles above Buenos Aires, is so wide that one sees but one of its shores at a time until some four or five hundred miles has been navigated.

Paraguay is a land of great religious destitution. There are only about eighty Roman Oatholic priests in the whole country, and many of these are not actively at work. There is scarcely any well organized evangelical work at all being done: As much might be said of the public instruction. The university has but one college, the college of law. Out of a national population of nearly a million souls there are only about one hundred teachers

in training to take the place of the still fewer number now engaged in teaching. The illiteracy is appalling. In the cities and towns the percentage is above sixty. In the rural districts it is much worse. Out of a school population of nearly a quarter of a million only about eighty thousand go to school. In 1916, there were thirty-eight schools less than the year before. In the wllOle country there are only 477 schools for boys and 473 for girls.

The morality of the country also leaves a great deal to be desired. In one district the percentage of iIIigitimacy reaches the shocking figure of seventy-two.

Going fJ,'om the metropolis of Argentina to Asuncion, the capital of Paraguay, in many ways reminds one of going from London to northern Spain. The distance is about the same; the climate changes in about same proportion from cool to warm; and one passes from a modern to a relatively primitive civilization. The Roman Catholic Church sits in unmolested authority while the country dreams of its departed glory. The church is far less active in Paraguay than it is in Argentina,but is much more tolerant than in Spain.

Paraguay was m;llong the first to be settled of all the countries of either North or South America. The land was discovered by the celebrated Sebastian Cabot himself in 1525, and the first settlement was made in 1535, when Don Juan de Ayolas, in search of a commercial route between the east coast of South America and Peru, planted a fort just north of parallel 26 south latitude. This fort was named Asuncion in honor of the Virgin of the Assumption, and for many years has been the capital of the nation.

The most interesting event in the early history of the country is the coming of the Jesuits in 1610. There is no doubt but that many of them suffered great cruelties at the hands of ruthless, savage men, and underwent many hardships and privation of hunger, thirst and sickness due to tropical conditions. On their journeys through the trackless forests preaching to the Indians, they would sometimes be half starved, but would not take food unless it were freely offered to them. By defending the Indian they were often opposed and beset by their own unscrupulous countrymen who sought to exploit the simpleminded red-man. Before they were expelled from the country in 1767, by order of Charles III, King of Spain, this organized priesthood, the vanguard of Spanish civilization and culture, had builded their "houses by the side of many a road" and had become the- fast friends of the children of the forest.

In a few years they had as many as thirty-two "reducciones" (as their settlements were called) and a constituency of some forty thousand. Partly for self defense and partly "to serve his captive's need," the Jesuits organized hundreds of this sullen people into armiel'l, and equipped and drilled them into the most formidable fighting force of that early day.

PARAGUAY; THE NEGLECTED LAND OF LATIN AMERICA

But Labor and Capital in that long ago had a quarrel, and Capital won. The heartless slaver wanted hands with which to cultivate the plantations and to operate the mines. With that lucrative motive he often laid violent hands upon the unsophisticated, defenseless Indian. The Jesuit stretched his protecting arm over the poor native, and was therefore often in collision with his less compassionate countryman, the slave driver.

Though the Jesuit baffled the man trapper in the New World, the capitalist back in Spain would not be baffled. He got the King's consent that the Jesuits should go, and they went. When in 1767, Bu· carelli, the viceroy of Buenos Aires (Rio de la Plata) came to Paraguay with an armed force to carry out the King's orders, the Jesuits obeyed with their characteristic and reverent submission to superiors, although they well knew that had they chosen to give the word to their followers to resist, not one agent of the king would have been left to tell the tale.

EPOCH OF THE TYRANTS.

After the passing of the Jesuits two dates stand out distinctly in the history of Paraguay. In 1776, the country was made a part of the Viceroyalty of Buenos Aires (Rio de la Plata).

In 1810, when Argentina, and in 1814, when Uruguay threw off the yoke of Spain, Paraguay not only became independent of Spain, but of Argentina as well. Since then, as we have indicated above, her history has largely been the biography of three tyrants, Francis (1811- 1841), Carlos Lopez (1841-1862), 'and the illustrious son of the latter, Francisco Solano Lopez (1862·1870).

Though Francis has beeD" hailed "EL SUPREMO" in our own fiction, his work was largely reactionary. "He shut up the country", writes a Paraguayan historian, "from contact with the exterior world, in order to form a new nationality, not permitting anyone to leave the country and creating great difficulties for those who came in. Francis would not permit communication with Brazil except by way of Itapua."

The first Lopez was a benevolent dictator. He reversed the policy of Francis and, in addition, undertook many public works and ratified the independence of the country.

({1Vhat we have been makes us what we are,') if ever true, is certainly true of Paraguay today. Francisco Solano Lopez, in 1862, upon the death of his father, was elected President. He had formerly represented his country as minister to the courts of Spain, France and Great Britain, and had taken an inconspicuous part in the Crimean War. While in Europe it seems that he had become obsessed with the fatal notion that he was another Napoleon. At any rate about the time the Civil War in the United States closed, Lopez at the head of one of the greatest and most efficient armies ever marshalled on South American soil, found himself at war with the combined forces of Uruguay, Brazil

and Argentina. The Triple Alliance formed by these countries and signed in Buenos Aires May 1, 1865,had for its object the crushing of Lopez and with him the military despotism which threatened the peace and security of all South America.

Some give the population at it million before the war began in 1865, and at two hundred thousand when the war closed in 1870. There is no way of telling how many people perished in this senseless Armegeddon. One thing is certain, that the country has never emerged from the shadow of that valley of death and gloom into which an ambitious ruler plunged it. At the close of the war all was ruin and desolation. The political and economic situatioh was terrible. Education and morals were at the lowest ebb, and even yet are deplorable. The whole country was bled white. The odds were too great. Nearly all the able-bodied men including Lopez himself were finally left dead on the battle field. The only army left was one of widows and orphans, who with their backs to the wall and their faces toward the setting sun were left to bear the heavy burdens which tax both soul and body.

As is often the case in such great national disasters, the crushing weight of the tragedy fell upon woman. Could anything be more pathetic than her condition today? She and the burros are still the beasts of burden. With little to eat and wear, with many children to keep alive, and with heavy burdens to bear, barefooted aITd silently she goes through cold and heat asking naught of anyone and receiving nothing. For all the country is so poor, there are scarcely any beggars. Misery has plenty of company, or else their riches are commensurate with their standar<l of living. "The pain of Paraguay" has gone into proverb and into the literature of South America. There is a book by that title which paints the scene too black, perhaps; yet one is safe in saying, "the mirth of that land is gone."

PROTESTANT AMERICA'S RESPONSIBILITY.

What is the measure of our responsibility to this needy land? "To whom much is given much shall be required," these words, true when the Master gave them utterance, are truer still today. Much has been given us and is still being given us in more than one way which increases our responsibility to this "sullen people."

They are looking at us and to us. In looking at us they marvel at our greatness and many are beginning to ask themselves and us the reason for all this. All too often they explain North America's greatness only in terms of material well being. Many, however, are looking to us, for leadership, for guardianship against encroaching political evil, and for spiritual light; just as the merchants of that coun try are looking to North America for nearly all the manufactured articles sold in Paraguay. The Ford automobile is about the only machine sold in Asuncion. It is so common that some even say "El Ford" instead of "EI automovil." The United States Minister-Plenipotentiary, the

Hon. D. F. Mooney, is very popular. President Wilson is held in the very highest esteem. The memory of ex-President Hayes is kept green among them by naming one of their towns Villa Hayes, in gratitude for the service he rendered them in arbitrating a boundry dispute with a neighboring republic.

What is our concept of our responsibility to this needy people? Is it that of furnishing them for value received more gasoline, cement and tar soap? Does our programme lead us beyond that of building "greater barns"? As one looks upon American goods displayed in nearly every show window in Asuncion, the language of Dr. Henry Churchill King ought to challenge the very best: "Is the wider and wider sale of 'pinhead' and 'peacock' cigarettes, of kerosene oil, and of corrugated iron, even if it end finally in their world-wide conquest, the ultimate end of -Western civilization and the meaning of life? To violate those high spiritual convictions and ideals that are the very -soul of our civilization in our dealings with any people is to lose our own life."

Our real. "White Man's Burden" is to answer the call of them who sit in the "region of the shadow of death," that to them a "great light may spring up." We shall be measured by the weight of our contribution to their social, moral and spiritual well being, and not by the "Balance of Trade."

Why Send Missionaries to Latin America?

Because we are commanded by our Lord to preach the Gospel "to every creature."

Because the dominant church there does not teach the real Gospel of Jesus Christ.

Because the people have not been given the Bible or encouraged to read it.

Because the people have no assurance of salvation and peace with God.

Because the people have not been allowed "the right of private judg- ment," in reading the Bible, or in questions of conscience.

Because the priests, the Virgin Mary and saints are thrust between the sinner and the Savior.

Because salvation by works is there substituted for salvation by faith. Because religious rites are made a matter of money, as, for example, the masses for the dead, marriage, baptism and festivals. Because the people are not given that which_will satisfy their spiritual natures. Because wherever the Gospel has been faithfully proclaimed in these lands, there have been conversions and converts have become noble Chris- tian men and women.

Did They Do It?

BY WILLIAM M. DANNER, BOSTON, MASS.

American Secretary of the Mission to Lepers A church in Chicago recently took up an offering of $30,000 for foreign mis- sions. They are not wealthy people, but of the middle class. They had not pledged themselves to the work and the unusual demands of the war press on them as on others. They were not obliged to give so ) largely- l WHY DID THEY DO IT? f Why 'did this church, composed for the most part of people, who would be called "poor" as to this world's goods, deliberately plan for an Annual Missionary Rally which all knew would mean appeals for money?

Why did they appoint speoial committees and workers to plan and campaign unitedly for months in advance?

Why did these people forget that they had no comfortably cushioned and carpeted church, but were worshipping in a wooden Tabernacle, with sawdust for carpet and were sitting on the soft side of pine boards?

Why did they bring Missionary representatives from many different foreign mission Boards to present the missionary· work and appeal for money for many lands?

Why did the people crowd the tabernacle for afternoon and evening sessions for four days, and on Sunday come in almost continuous sessions for morning, afternoon and evening?

Why did 164 bright young people joyfully join the former volunteers in offer- ing themselves for Foreign Mission service?

Why did these people give out of their poverty, voluntary offerings, so largely that more than $30,000 was given or pledged for Foreign Mission Work?

Why did the pastor, without thought of his own needs, pour out his soul in words of entreaty, lovingly and faithfully urging his people to do their best to send the blessings of the Gospel to every creature?

The answer to these questions gives the reason why Christians rejoice in giving themselves and their substance to advance the cause of Christ at home and abroad. It is the conciousness of indebtedness to Jesus Christ and loyalty to His command and compassion for those who do not know His salvation, Long live the spirit which reflected "the compassion of Jesus" in the Third Annual Missionary Conference of the Moody Church, Chicago (May 29th to June 2d, 1918). May that spirit stir other churches so that they too may know the joy of being co-laborers with God for the redemption of the world.

the Krus to Keep the

BY REV. WALTER B. WILLIAMS, NANA, KRU MISSION Via Sinoe, Liberia, West Central Africa U SUALLY the Krus don't need to be taught to rest. That comes naturally to the native of a tropical country. But to rest on Sunday with your rice farm newly planted, or heading out, and hundreds of hungry birds waiting to take their part-ah, that's another story!

In this section church members as well as heathen spent their Sun- days in their rice farms. We preached for three apparently fruitless years. "The birds no fit to chop (eat) rice on Sundays?" was the uni- versal query. – "Of course, the birds will eat some, but God no fit to let you suffer if you obey His law," we reiterated. It was no use. The idea of letting the birds eat any was too repugnant to Kru nature.

Then a native rebellion and a revival swelled the number of our boarders at the N ana Kru Mission School to about 100. On top of that the European War inflated the price of rice beyond all reach. And rice is the "daily bread" of Kru school children.

Prudence said, "Cut down your school one-half, or close it." Christ said, "Feed My lambs." We cast prudence to the four winds and laid hold mightily upon God.

We cut a rice farm. True, we had never done such work before.

It is not included in one's bringing up in London, England, nor Philadel- phia, U. S. A. But, then, neither had we been taught to make soap, nor manufacture a yeast cake, nor build a house, nor sit on a Kru man's head while he carried us through a river up to his mouth. We had mastered these arts-and, anyway, the missionary's motto in Africa is, "You can because you must."

Our boys helped us faithfully. Acres of swamp land were cleared of an eight years' growth of bush. Anxious days were spent scanning the sky for clouds while the debris was drying. One glorious day ar- rived when everything went up in smoke. Dirty days followed when cleaning the ground by hand was the order of business. Brighter days came when the air resounded with the click of hoes as long ranks of women and girls-in all 220-advanced, cutting the ground, covering the seed, and planting cassava with their toes.

Then came Sunday. We put the newly planted rice farm into God's hands on Saturday night "and rested the Sabbath Day." And then we saw God's purpose in all this toil, for, while the heathen could close their ears to the preached word, they could not close their eyes to the illus- trated sermon of an unwatched rice farm on every Lord's Day. A thou-

sand eyes were upon us. Whether or not the birds ate their part, we do not know. The rice sprouted and grew luxuriantly. The heathen waited in non-committal silence. Then came the drought. All around us rice farms withered and died under the blazing sun. Our own rice began to look a little rusty. We went to persistent, united prayer. Rain feUtons of it-into the greedy sea, but only a light sprinkling upon land. It was as if God said, "See, I hear your prayer, but you must wait a little." We saw God's hand in this t~st of faith when we found out that in the town a devil woman had been engaged to conjure rain.

Our rice, unspoiled by the drought, began to head out. "Surely now you no fit to leave your rice on Sundays," our neighbors plead, almost in tears, for to deliberately waste food in hungry Kruland is the unpardonable sin. Every possible concession was advanced. "Pay our town boys to watch your farm on Sundays while you do your church work," was the popular suggestion. Anything except trust God!

Faithfully was the bird watching done week by week. A score of boys, through drenching cold rain, under blazing hot sun, from daydawn to sunset, six days out of every seven, drove away the rice birds from the grain. Day and night sessions of school were held by the missionaries so that no student should lose his beloved studies because of the farm.

Not only did our boys watch. They prayed. Earnestly, importunely, every morning and before eating every night, great volumes of prayer went up to God, that He would take care of the rice and show the heathen that He had power. Their own faith grew and deepened, and so did the faith of our native workers.

To adults, with families dependent upon them, with all their people against them, with relatives refusing to let them have seed rice because they said, "You teach the birds to eat rice," and "You waste the rice by letting the birds eat it on Sundays"-to such adults, leaving their farms untended by any visible helper on the Lord's Day was a sore test of faith.

One or two faltered, but most stood firm, and it was given to these to declare: "If the birds chop (eat) all our rice, all right, it be good, God will bring something else for us." Timid Christians went into their farms on Sundays and in every case lost nearly the entire crop, while the farms, unwatched on Sundays, of stronger Christians, right beside theirs, yielded such abundant harvest that men exclaimed, "God can do something I"

We had the best crop of rice in the country, and the natives say that if this Mission rice farm belonged to anyone man, they would take him by force and make him king. The visible appeals to the African more than anything else. What he sees he believes in.

This farm was a farm of prayer. Before cutting, it was dedicated by prayer. Before burning, it was dedicated again by prayer. The planting rice was dedicated by prayer. And prayer has gone up unceasingly for it. The results prove that it pleased God.

@ @ ~"'_"""wBu'E''S_T_'~OMUUUB'''T''H'iIOUU'D''S''_''''~n

BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA Chairman of the Committee on Methods of Work of the Federation of Woman's Foreign Mission Boards CONFERENCE ENTHUSIASM HARNESSED FOR SERVICE.

pOWER enough theve- to run the "If I could only stay here and work world," said the man who viewed every day with such people as are in Niagara with the calculating eye of this conference 1"

the practical engineer looking for The ambition of the disciples to motor power, "if only it could be prop- build three tabernacles was all right.

erly harnessed up." The Lord questioned not their am- Thousands, yea, tens of thousands bition, but their choice of a site.

of delegates, have been enrolled at Their abodes were to be built, not missionary conferences this summer. on the mountain of transfiguration, Power enough is there to reach to the but down in the plains and valleys ends of the earth, if the enthusiasm of below, so that they might live and these mountain tops of religious ex- work among the throngs of people perience can be harnessed in actual who were not privileged delegates to service in the valleys and plains in the conference on the mountain top, which these same delegates are going and might carry to them the inspira- to live their every-day lives during the tion of the message of the transfigura- winter. tion.

Typical of modern summer confer- Another great mountain-top experi- ence delegates are the going home ex- ence was that of Moses on Sinai. Such periences of the Bible. When Peter, spiritual heights were there reached James and John were on the Mount that we are told of the only delegate of Transfiguration they did not want who went up from the plains below to go home at all. that, as he went on the homeward "It is good for us to be here," ar- journey, "the skin of his face shone."

gued they. "Let us build three taber- No delegate ever had a note book that nacles." promised to be more durable and in- Truly, that was a choice company. destructible than were Moses' tables Could they have stayed on the moun- of stone. Yet he did not even reach tain with Moses and Elijah and their home with his message. So dis- Lord, it seemed that the realization couraged and angered was he by the of their ideals would be much easier indifference and the sin of the people of reach than surrounded by the peo- who had stayed at home that he broke ple who had seen no vision of trans- the very. message God had given him figuration. At a recent conference to take back to them.

Mrs. W. H. Farmer said: "Most of The coldest breezes that blow are us would rather put on ascension robes those that greet the enthusiastic delethan overalls." Easier far is it to gate returning from a summer con- sing ference. The myriad golden calves of "Here I'll sit forever viewing"- the valleys below with their throngs of worshippers are apt to chill the than to right about face and march to enthusiasm of the most ardent delethe duties of the valley below, singing gate. Coming straight down from the mountain heights it is hard to remem- "Onward Christian soldiers."

A delegate at a Northfield Confer- ber that our whole congregation has ence remarked: not been lifted by the inspiration that

has come to us. Choice delegate he, the churches to a winter conference who can keep his "tables of stone" modeled in so far as possible on the unbroken as he faces the discourage- summer conference plan. No morn- ments of his home church and who ing sessions were possible, as most of can go to the workshop of his daily living with a face stilI shining with the young people were at work, but his mountain-top vision. she arranged a splendid program for three hours every evening of her con- Heartening also to the disheartened ference week. She had two forty- is the experience of Elijah on Mt. five-minute periods of Mission Study Carmel. Such heights did Elijah's and one address each evening. Her faith attain on Carmel that it soared plan has been in operation now for to highest Heaven and brought down three successive years, and this winter fire to consume the offering and lick conference has brought to the home up the very water from the trenches, church some of the best features of yet from Carmel to the juniper tree the summer conferences and has en- was but a day's journey. Under the rolled on these three successive years . juniper tree the man who but yester- approximately seventy, one hundred, day attained the heights of courage and one hundred and fifty people in and faith descends into the very depths attendance. of discouragement and weakly prays, "Lord, it is enough; take away my A Missionary House Party.-An life." extension plan for summer conference influence has been devised by some of Some delegates become utterly dis- the wide awake leaders of the World couraged at the depression in their Wide Guild, the Baptist Missionary feeling which so often follows the organization for girls. The following thrilling experiences of the mountain tops. They conclude that their en- irresistible letter which was mailed to thusiasm must have been spurious and local leaders explains the plan, which their vision a delusion. Matthew is not "protected by copyright" : Arnold had the vision. He also had the depression which so often follows Dear – – . the vision. Espe<;:ially for summer conference delegates must he have A great many girls throughout Monroe penned: County keep saying to me: "How I would love to go to a summer Conference at "Tasks in hours of insight willed Northfield, but it's so far, or so expensive," May be in hours of gloom fulfilled." or so something else, equally impossible to them. So imagine how delighted I am to Realize, oh ye hosts of returning be able to write you that we are actually delegates, that the finest work is some- going to have a real "Little Northfield" all times done in these hours of gloom, our own, right here in Monroe County. and not always in spontaneous bursts of joy. Final victory awaits that de- The Rochester Young Wot4en's Christian termination which perseveres in the Association has kindly consented to give us grind of every-day difficulty. the use of their attractive Sea Breeze camp by the lake, (an hour's ride from Rochester Who Follows in This Train? by trolley) for the entire last week in Au- gust, for a World Wide Guild Houseparty. A Winter Conference in New Jer- The rates, as given on blue dodgers, will sey. Several years ago a young be within the reach of all, so surely your woman .from New Jersey went to a church can send at least one delegate. Summer Conference. She saw a vision and she was eager to incarnate Under separate cover I am sending you that vision in a life of service. She some blue descriptive dodgers, which I hope longed to reproduce for the churches you will distribute enthusiastically among at home the meetings which had meant the girls in your church. We would be so much to her. When she went home glad to have you choose wisely-perhaps she invited the young people of all you already know one or two girls who could be "live wires" if they only caught an inspiration and learned definite plans to carry out. Our Houseparty is exciting widespread enthusiasm (and envy) outside the county, because it not only promises to give girls lots of wholesome fun, with stunts and games and sports, but the "Little Northfield" side of the plan also assures

BEST METHODS

the girls of a Conference fairly bristling hear from you by August 1st. at the very with new ideas, clever schemes, and simple latest, I am, workable programs, just waiting to be put into practice in your home church. Al- Cordially yours, ready we have been able to secure the promises of some leaders known nation- The Boring of One Delegate ally for W. W. G. and children's work: Miss Alma Noble, Miss Mary Noble, Mrs. A Pennsylvania school teacher was Frank Crouch, Miss Margaret Applebarth persuaded to go to one of the Silver and others, including some splendid mis- Bay conferences ten years ago. She sionaries. The evening sessions are all to frankly confided to a friend that she be inspirational, and the morning ones very was going solely because her expenses practical and definite, as this tentative were paid and she expected to be schedule will show: "bored to death" just for the sake of getting a little outing. She prepared (9-1O)-Bible class. to endure the boring heroically and to (10 to H)-Two electives will be open find her recompense in the pleasure of the trip and the wonderful beauty for choke: of the surroundings. Her intentions I "Big Sisters for Little Sisters (and to skip as many classes as she con- Brothers !)". scientiously could were completely frustrated not by any watchful es- Monda:v–"Mission Stories for the Primary pionage, but by the intense interest Department." with which she faced for the 'first time in her life the compelling task of a Tuesday-"Lively Plans for the Lively world to be won. The work outlined Junior Department." challenged the best that was in her. She went back home and presented Wednesday-HThe Wee Jewels." (Cradle that same challenge to her church in Roll Department.) eight Mission Study classes which she led the following winter. She orga- Thursda:v–uThe Children's World Cru- nized a Missionary Committee in her sade." church and worked out a thorough missionary policy for the Sunday- Friday-"Casting Out Some Missionary school. Every year that church has Imps." continued to send delegates to the summer conference. The one who Saturday-"How to Make Pagodas. Huts, went up ten years ago to be "bored Dolls, Etc." to death" has become an outstanding missionary leader, whose name has II. "Open Doors for W. W. G. Girls." appeared on a number of programs of Monday-UThrough the Keyhole." (How the largest summer conferences this summer. to arouse curiosity-Ban- quets, Socials, Posters, A Kansas Lawyer's Verdict etc.) Tuesday-"Seven Keys to Call Kate." Three years ago a young Kansas W ednesday-"Rusty Hinges." (Bad Pro- lawyer went to the Estes Park Sum- grams versus good ones.) mer Conference. With reluctant feet Thursday-HKnobs that turn Easily." went he. What business was there for (Painless ways of raising a lawyer at a missionary conference! Money.) Chiefly because his sister urged him Friday-"Locked Up." (What, When and to go he was there. In a Home Mis- How in regard to Mission- sion Study Class taught by Mr. Felton ary Books.) he saw, not America only, but the Saturday-UDoor Mats and Door Belles." whole world as he had never seen the (Some Missionary Bees world before. His legal mind set it- for Missionary Bonnets.) self to the fair settling of the case (1l-12)-The new' study books discussed. before him. He accepted the verdict Needless to say our space will be limited as only 60 can be accommodated, so reservations will be made in the order received. "Work it up" at once, therefore. One easy way is to make a poster to display on your church bulletin board: Take a sheet of white cardboard, and paste two of the blue dodgers on it-one, front side out, the other, back side out. In the triangular space between print: GIRLS: ISN'T THIS THRILLING Sign Up If You Can Go Then leave some room for names. Hoping that your church may gain great benefit from the Houseparty, and asking to

which changed all of his plans for his tion but of every denomination in the life. His ambition to win cases in state of New York. No human power America paled before the consuming can estimate the influence upon the passion which came to him to win lives of thousands of boys and girls souls for his Lord in India, and in resulting from this investment.

India today that summer -conference enthusiasm is working in the daily A University Student's Way harness of actual, hard service. Said a young university student, "I want to do something to take the An Illustrator's Pen missionary message to the men at the Did you ever notice the initials "J. . university next winter. Just a handful G." on some of the most attractive of of them are at any summer confer- the Saturday Evening Post cover de- ence. I think the best thing I could signs? Have you noticed the same do would be to put the MISSIONARY initials and the same strong points in REVIEW OF THE WORLD in the reading the illustrations of several of the new room." "I think," said another dele- missionary books, which illustrations gate, " that my definite investment have elevated these books to an entire- that will count for the most is to send ly different class from the missionary the REVIEW to our mission stations."

publications of a few years ago? Good suggestions, both. If any re- The harnessing of summer confer- turned delegates or any who did not ence enthusiasm did it! A talented go to a summer conference want to young artist was at a summer confer- harness some enthusiasm for splendid ence several years ago. As she heard service in an investment sure to bring of heroic service she too longed to returns "Best Methodsl} will be glad serve. The old question came to her: to handle that also, and see that the "What hast thou in thine hand?" REVIEW goes to university reading She took that which was in her rooms and to missionaries on the fir- hand-a skilled pen and brush-and ing line, either in the homeland or in made them serve in a way which has foreign fields. A movement is on reached mUltiplied thousands. foot to put the REVIEW in every mis- sion station, in every college and semi- Into Every Orphan Home in New York nary library and in every Protestant At the 1917 Blue Ridge Conference church in America. Helpers are a quiet girl arose at the last session needed to carry out this plan to bring of the class in the Missionary Educa- the inspiration and stimulus of the tion of Juniors, and said: messages in the REVIEW to those on "Among the determinations I have the frontier or in positions of influ- made in this class is one that I .will ence at home.

place Everyland in every orphan home of my denomination in my Swing Wide- the Doors of Governors'

state." Mansion It was not a big proposition. It in- Among the delegates at last sum- volved the expenditure of only a few mer's conferences were at least two dollars, but it offered a possibility of governors' wives. Mrs. Bickett, wife large returns on a small investment. of North Carolina's good governor, The determination of this girl was went back home from the Blue Ridge mentioned in a talk at the 1918 Silver Conference to harness her enthusiasm'

Bay Conference, and brought a sug- into service. One thing she did was gestion to a prominent N ew York to invite all missionary societies of lawyer of an opportunity for harness- the different denominations repre- ing some of his convention enthusiasm. sented in North Carolina's capital to a The next morning that lawyer pro- missionary meeting. Now guberna- posed to put Everyland in every or- torial doors have swung wide to many phan home not only of his denomina- meetings, but not often have thes~

meetings been of a missionary char- whole life .of her congregation. She acter. Notwithstanding the down- was not revolutionary. Quietly and pour of rain the women gathered by tactfully she went about her work. When sue was asked how she acdozens and by scores to discuss the complished so much, she said: great opportunities of the mission fields of the world. The influence of "Two things have, throughout the such active missionary zeal in the year, kept alive the fire of inspiration home of the chief executive is being gained at the summer conference. One felt throughout "the good old North is my oft-repeated prayer to God for His guidance, and the other is the con- State." This year both Governor stant inspiring memory, v~ry real and and Mrs. Bickett attended the confer- vivid, of the happiness of that sumence, the governor being one of the mer conference experience." speakers. Taking a Missionary Institute Back Home One Girl Did This The time was thirteen years ago. A young girl went home from a The place was a beautiful little town conference with a great desire to be of of 1800 inhabitants, about thirty-five service to her Lord in giving to her miles from Buffalo, New York. The church was a small one with only 186 church at home the missionary in- members on its roll, without a reguspiration which h"ad come to her. She lar pastor for two years. No prayer meetings had been held for eighteen went to her pastor and talked over months and activities were at a dewith him her hopes and ambitions, cidedly low ebb. The new pastor was and together they worked out a plan just out of the seminary. He was a missionary enthusiast, not of the sputfor more thorough missionary educa- tering, but of the steadily burning type. tion in the congregation. In the winter of 1905 the Mission- ary Education Movement (then the Here are some of the things that Young People's Missionary Movewere actually done which transformed ment) held a three-day Institute in the life of that congregation: Buffalo. They gave courses in Mis- sion Study, and Methods of Mission- Every organization or society in the cOn- ary Education. On that faculty were gregation was asked to appoint one mem- Mr. Charles V. Vickery, now Execuber to serve on a Church Missionary Board. tive Secretary of the Armenian-Syrian The Board thus constituted faced the task Relief Committee; Dr, S. Earl Taylor, of planning and putting into effective oper- the present Secretary of the Methoation through the various societies of the dist Centenary, and Mr. B. Carter church an adequate policy of missionary Millikin, Educational Secretary of the education. Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis- sions. For some months the pastor This girl met with the Executive Commit- of this littfe country church had been tee of the Women's Missionary Society, and wondering how he could get missions interested them in a Mission Study book into his church and give his people a so that they introduced this new feature. vision of the world. The young people were willing to respond to his The Men's Brotherhood was tactfully appeals, but they had never studied encouraged to invite certain good mis- missions and had never been trained sionary speakers. for leadership. When that pastor re- ceived the announcement of that Mis- The Sunday-school program was made to sionary Institute he knew that his opinclude some missionary teaching with portunity had drawn near. He imdemonstrations and missionary exerc~es on mediately made up his mind to have certain Sundays.

The Christian Endeavor Society became one of the livest organizations in the church through its splendid programs of missionary material, which were introduced.

The Intermediate Christian Endeavor Society became interested in mission study by delightful informal meetings at this delegate's horne once a week to go over the new books.

The Junior Society was not forgotten. It also was visited and programs on Mission Study books were planned.

Thus did one delegate go home and give a missionary impulse to the

a large delegation attend from his a Missionary Institute or to a Summer church. The Buffalo Committee Conference." wrote him that the delegation from his small church must be limited to Rules for Returned Delegates four. When a delegation of fourteen volunteered to go that Buffalo com- 1. Garb your enthusiasm in overmittee gave extension privileges to alls. their ruling, and that little country church claimed the privilege of supply- 2. Put not on any superior airs of ing the shortage in the delegations of disdain when your pastor does not some of the large city churches which equal the eloquence of your favorite were not able to muster their fuJI Moses or Elijah of the conference. quota. These fourteen delegates at- Neither Moses nor Elijah could do it tended every session of that Institute. if he had to preach twice a Sunday and commuting on each of the three days. prepare prayer meeting talks extra.

. They returned home with such a 3. Do not lose patience with the vision as they had never had before. people who were not there. Preserve The day after, the pastor summoned the shining of your face and deliver them all to the manse and told them your "tables of stone" unbroken, even that he wanted to organize some Mis- though you find the folks back home sion Study Classes in the church. His absorbed with their golden calves. proposal was greeted enthusiastically, but the common wail followed im- 4. Do not expect an eager throng mediately-"Where will you get the to meet you at the station begging to leaders ?" "From this delegation," be enrolled in Mission Study classes was the quick response. After some without delay. discussion eight of those young people agreed to lead classes, although none S. Remember that your summer had ever led a class before. Within a month eight Mission Study classes, conference vision is a thing not to with a total enrollment of eighty, out frame, but to incarnate. of a church membership of one hundred and eighty-six, were meeting 6. Face the task of the home church weekly at the homes of the leaders. with enthusiasm continued, which is perserverance, which is success. Here is the result in a nut shell: Nearly one-half of the entire mem- 7. Begin immediately to work up bership of the church began to study your delegation for next summer's missions; the benefits of the Institute conference. were passed on to sixty-six persons who had not attended it. Missions BACK OF THE POETRY, PROSE soon became a live topic in the church; the contributions for missions and "A man went down to Panama, benevolence quadrupled; and many Where many men had died, leaders were developed. Today that little church is 'represented on the To slit the sliding mountain foreign field by two of its members- And raise the eternal tide; one in Africa and the other in Syria, and that young pastor has become a A man stood up in Panama missionary leader whose influence is And the mountain stood aside." nation-wide, and world-wide. His recent advice along this line is: Do we catch the prose behind the "If you want to interest your church poetry? The prose of the Panama in Missions ana develop leaders, don't Canal and the poetic standing aside of try to do all the work yourself. Send the mountains were shovel and pick, a delegation of your young people to and some one who dug, dug, dug. Even after the mountains stood aside there was landslide after landslide which meant dig again.

If the man who went down to Panama had given up in the face of difficulties, as easily as do some sum- mer conference delegates, never a mountain would have stood aside and never an eternal tide would have been lifted.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY MRS. O. R. JUDD, BROOKLYN, N. Y., Representative of the Council of Women for Home Missions A MIGHTY MOVEMENT TOWARD million will be distributd among five RACIAL CO-OPERATION. other schools of the C. M. E. Churcli in amounts of $50,000 each. Besides T By President Albert Deems Betts. these sums, over $200,000 is to be set HE recent General Conference of aside for the development of our the Southern Methodist Church, African Mission in the Belgian Congo. which met in Atlanta, Georgia, was more responsive to the needs of our It is a most wise policy to lend the colored brethren than any General larger aid to Paine College in order to Conference since the War between the make it an institution of commanding States. Historians have generally importance and representative of the overlooked the fad that in the middle true spirit of Southern Methodism in of the last century Southern Method- her attitude to our colored brethren. ism was spending over $100,000 an- Altogether $400,000 is to go to Paine nually for missions to the slaves. So College; and, in addition, there will the present great advance is another be a substantial support given through case of history repeating itself; the the proceeds of the assessment for colspirit of the fathers has descended ored work. This will make it an inupon their grandchildren. And it is a stitution worth over a half million; glorious fact. and it can then provide for three times as many students as now, or nearly a To be more specific: (1) The Con- thousand a year. ference authorized an assessment for colored work amounting to $55,250 To sum up: Southern Methodism annually. This alone is an advance of proposes to raise in the next five years 250 per cent. at one stroke. Half of approximat.ely $1,200,000 to help train the funds so realized will be distrib- and equip a Christian leadership for uted by the Board of Education, and the Negro race. It is a mighty prothe other half will be administered by gram and worthy of our great Church, the Board of Missions. But the funds though by no means all that we ought will be used to aid in practically all to do. We will do still better as the phases of the work of the Colored years go by. In proportion to our size Methodist Episcopal Church. It is and means it is doubtful if there is understood that much of the aid ren- another Church in the nation that has dered will be upon the "dollar for dol- so large a program for this cause for lar" proposition, which is very wise, the coming four years. It is a great in order to stimulate a corresponding task we have set ourselves. But we generosity in behalf of wisely planned can do it, and by the Lord's help we and very important enterprises. will.

(2) The Missionary Centenary car- Only the Gospel of Christ can bring ries with it a program for raising men of varying clans and races into about $1,000,000 for the religious wel- helpful co-operation and mutual love. fare and training of the Negro. The This will be the supreme need of the Woman's Missionary Council proposes new era that is dawning upon the to raise about $250,000 for the cause, world, and the peace and prosperity of which $150,000 will go to Paine of all mankind for time and eternity Annex, Augusta, Ga. The Board of are dependent on the power of Him Missions proposes to raise $500,000, who reigns in both justice and love. of which $250,000 will go to Paine College,' and the other quarter of a Note.-The article by President Betts was sent to the editor with the request

that it be printed in the bulletin. While sion Home Missionary Volunteer the advance movement described is not Work in our country be raised in acthat of one of our Women's Boards, it cordance with adopted denominational plans or by a special "Home Mission is of interest to all members of the Coun- Volunteer Fund." cil of Women as an indication that the hopes of the years are finding fulfillment in the translation of purpose into defi- That "the stranger in our midst" is nite, intelligent action. We heartily con- upon the hearts of the Christian gratulate our Southern Methodist friends women of our land the above resolu- tion recently passed by the Minnesota on this great work in behalf of the Ne- Woman's Home Missionary Union gro race.-B. G. J.

Home Missionary Volunteer Resolution convincingly shows. In this connec- "Realizing that a great proportion tion it must ever be kept in mind that of the popUlation of the United States the consecration of the individual of America is composed of foreign worker depends above all on the con- peoples, who have come to our coun- secration of the home. Christian par- try to enjoy the privileges and the op- ents are primarily responsible both for portunities of a democratic govern- prayer for the advance of Christ's ment, yet are unchristianized and per- kingdom on earth and for the thrust- meated with erroneous beliefs and doc- ing forth and the equipping of the trines instilled under the adverse con- young men and young women who ditions of their native lands; and being shall be specially engaged in the convinced that these constitute a great King's service. To Christian fathers menace to our Christian ideals and the and mothers and to Christian teachers development of a strong Christian is committed the supreme task of so civilization for the present and for exalting by example and precept "the the future generations; Name that is above every name" that "Also realizing the existence of young people shall recognize in His similar needs and dangers among the service the highest privilege of their backward races native to our home- lives and joyfully devote to it every land, and the urgent need of conse- energy of life.

crated, trained and skilled workers World conditions today are teach- among all classes and conditions ing us anew the need not so much of among all peoples in our midst; the giving of money and the devotion "Therefore, be it resolved that we, of every material resource as the out- the members of the Minnesota Wom- pouring of life. In earthly warfare the an's Home Missionary Union, earn- soldier may be drafted. In the service estly request the Congregational of God the only soldier who count3 is Woman's Home Missionary Federa- the one who enlists, freely, voluntarily tion of the United States to present giving himself. What measure of to all Student Missionary conferences grace is needed in the Christian home or conventions, to all Y. M. C. A. and and church, what faithful teaching, to all Y. W. conferences or conven- what constant communion with the tions, and to a11 Christian Endeavor Father and close fellowship with the and Young People's organizations of Son to bring to pass such an enlist- all denominations in our country, the ment of volunteers-as will be ade- matter of volunteer work for Home quate to the world's needs!

Missions and that the names of these And do we ask as does the last para- volunteers be registered with their graph of the resolution, "What of the home missionary denominational money to provide for such an army?"

boards. The answer comes, "0 ye of little "Also realizing that money is need- faith !" Could He provide for those ed for the promotion of so great a who centuries ago said, "Lo, we have 'cause, left all and followed thee" and make "Be it further resolved that the their ministry felt throughout the funds for the promotion of an exten- length and breadth of the Roman -Em-

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

pire, then will He provide today. All of their nation beating steady, quiet hail the volunteer! and strong; if they can so mobilize Mission Study Class Teachers that the front lines of battle can be held, what of the women of the The Council of Women for Home Church of God? Can they not mobi- Missions receives applications from lize on this one day to petition God teachers of Home Mission Study with prevailing power for the Classes who desire the endorsement of strengthening of the moral fiber of the the Council. It is the policy of the nation, for the relief of a bleeding Council not to ,advertise names but a list of available teachers is kept at world, for the redemption of a lost world? headquarters. Mission Study Classes in the Southwest can secure the name As we hold the home base of prayer of a possible teacher of Home Mis-' and service, the front lines of battIe sions by applying to Council head- in God's Kingdom will be held. Shall quarters, Room 1011, 156 Fifth Ave- it be so? nue, New York City. This applies to local classes in the fall or next winter. The program submitted by the Council of Women for Home Mis- sions for the observance of this day A CALL TO THE CHRISTIAN i~ merely sqggestive and may be WOMANHOOD OF AMERICA adapted to local needs.

A .. LL Christian women, of all de- MRS. LUKE JOHNSON, nominations, North, East, West Chairman Day of Prayer Committee.

and South, are requested to join in PROGRAM a service of prayer on November 21, Woman's Day Week of Prayer 1918–a union service, if possible, Theme: that there may be strength. Christian America The women of city churches, of vil- The Lasting Liberty Bond lage churches, of country churches, are called to unite in this day of pray- Arrow Points for er for America and its institutions, in this, its hour of gravest crisis. Thought and Prayer Perhaps no lesson of these war 1. Fundamental Principles of times ·is more apparent than that of Our National Government. organization, of speedy mobilization, The Kingdom of God. of concentration upon a given task. 2. A New Era The American government calls for In American National Life. money, for life, for prayer, and the In American Christian Life. nation responds.

The church is calling upon its 3. America's Leadership women to pour out their lives in Of Nations.

praver on this set day. Of Spiritual Forces.

"Ralph Connor" (Major Charles 4. The Call of the Hour W. Gordon) said: "If those women To the Nation. of France had not pushed their men To the Church. out to the front, and taken their places at home, France would never be hold- ing her line today." 1. Principles.

He further said: "If the women of . Scripture texts: Proverbs 14 :34 Britain had not pushed their men out and 16 :12. Psalms 33 :12; John to the front and rushed in millions to 8:36; Romans 14:17.

supply their places. in factories and State the principles of the Con- machine shops, Britain would never stitution of. the U njted States.

be holding her front lines today." State the principles of the If those wom~n can keep the heart Kingdom of God.

Pray for 2. The Church in America, that it 1. Our country, that it will hold may "brother all the sons of true to the Christian principles earth and make them sons of and ideals upon which it was God."

founded, and that it will share its 3. The Church-that it may make strength and opportunities with democracy safe for the world."

all mankind. 4. The Y. M. C. A., the Y. W. C.

2. The Church, that it will not fail A., the Salvation Army, the to meet its present day test and of Chaplains, and all who minister bring all men to recognize the to the spiritual life our soldiers and sailors. Lordship of Christ and the su- premacy of His Everlasting 4. The Call.

Kingdom. Scripture texts: Romans 13 :1, 3. Victory for America and her Al- Galatians 5:1, Ephesians 6:11 lies, that righteousness and peace to 18, I Timothy 2 :1, 2.

may prevail in the earth. Outline the call to America in 2. New Era. this hour of world peril.

Scripture texts: Isaiah 42:9 to Outline the call of God to His 16; Daniel, 2 :20, 21. Church in this hour of crisis.

Indicate the changed condi- Pray for tions in the different phases of 1. The American Government, that our national life. it may ever be the defender of Indicate the changed emphasis free peoples and free institu- and the new situation facing the tions; that it may establish a uni- Church. fied English-speaking America, Pray for inspired with Christian ideals.

1. The wisdom of God to be given Repeat: to the rulers of our Government, God bless our loved land I Firm may she ever stand that in quietness and confidence they may find strength from God. Through storm and night. 2. The coming of justice and right- When tempests roar and rave eousness in the individual and so- 'Mid perils dark and grave, Do Thou our country save cial relations of our country. By Thy great might!

3. The Americanization and Chris- Pray for tianization of an races within our 1. The Chur<:h, that it may speedily bring about the mobilization of borders. 4. The men and boys who fight and Prayer Power Life Power bleed and die today for the free- Money Power . dom of the world. for the healing of the nations! 3. Leadership. 2. The Red Cross in all 'its forms of relief and unselfish service; the Scripture texts: Deuteronomy physicians and nurses and all 7 :6, Isaiah 2:2 to 4, Isaiah 55:5 who minister to those who suffer and die that the world may be and 60:1 to 5. free. Wherein is the new leadership Pray of the Nation? Wherein is the leadership of Grant us the Spirit of Speed, Thou knowest, 0 Lord, the need the Church emphasized? Pray for 1. America to set the standards of In the trodden highways, along the greatness for nations upon the bY-ways, standards of the Gospel of Christ, Where souls for the Gospel plead. Do Thou send us Lord, with Thy and that America may exist, not blessed Word, to serve herself, but to serve For they die so fast who have not mankind. yet heard. o give us the Spirit of Speed!

News Of War

AN ARMY AND NAVY CHURCH Navy, 2,231,831 Bibles, Testaments T HE Baptist Union Council of and portions. This has meant an Great Britain and Ireland has de- average output of over a thousand cided to form a Baptist Army and volumes every working hour, of every Navy Church, from which men can working day, during the twelve be transferred at the dose of the war months! to churches in their respective home districts. Forms of application and SOLDIER COMMENT ON I certificates of membership have been CAMP LIFE N order to reassure those who are prepared and sent to Baptist chaplains. The constitution provides that anxious about moral conditions in the church shall include those serving the camps, the pastor of the Dudley in the forces at home or abroad who Street Baptist Church, Boston, gives are already members of a Baptist the following quotations from two church and others who desire to be- among several letters he has received: come members on the basis of a dec- "From a Southern camp: I .want laration of repentance towards God, you to know that I am keeping up of faith in Jesus Christ, and a desire my Bible-study, prayer and church- to follow Him and to do His will. attendance. The men of my battery are a lot of fine, clean, moral fellows. Membership will be open to any can- I don't know just what would happen to a man who brought disgrace upon didates satisfying this requirement, his fellows by his actions. Weare though precluded by circumstances or standing for the best things. I do conviction from making a profession of faith by baptism. A register will not find the rottenness in the army I be kept of all who desire baptism as expected to discover. Men in the soon as opportunity permits. army, the same as in civilian life, find BIBLES BY THE MILLION companionship according to their de- sires. If a fellow wants. rottenness, THE World's Sunday School As- he can find those who will rot with sociation has supplied, from the him; if he wants clean living, he will find those who would die before they opening of war in 1914 to the end of would stain their souls or sacrifice 1917, to the soldiers on both sides their morals." approximately 1,500,000 Bibles, Testaments. and portions. From one in the Aviation Service: "The fellows in my corps are a very Since August, 1914, the British and clean lot, and very easy to get along Foreign Bible Society has distributed, with. I am delighted to learn that including several hundred thousand the moral conditions incidental to which the American Bible Society army life are far better than I was supplied them, over 7,000,000 Bibles, led to suppose by what I had heard Testaments and portions, not only and read previous to my enlistment. among the troops of the British Empire and her Allies, but also among The men with whom I am associated their foes, and in the ranks of their bitterest enemies. The National Bible come from some of the best homes of Society of Scotland has circulated our country; and while some fellows over 3,000,000 Scriptures among the use a good deal of profanity, still I· men of war since August, 1914. think we average as high in morality Since America entered the war the as any bunch of fellows to be found American Bible Society has issued, in in civilian life."-Christian Endeavor special bindings for the Army and World.

MSOUTHERN CAMP PASTORS odist Episcopal, the Baptist, and the EMBERS of the Methodist Epis- Roman Catholic. Among the candi- copal Church, South, in the dates are members of at least three State of Texas, have appropriated Roman Catholic orders and several $70,000 for the work of camp ·pastors. Protestant denominations, all working Thirteen thousand dollars has been and conferring together.

raised for this same purpose in Vir- The course covers a period of five ginia, according to Bishop Walter R. weeks and during instruction the can- Lambuth, chairman of the War Work didates receive salary and wear the Commission of the Methodist Episco- uniform of a private of the United pal Church, South. This money will States Army.

be used for the salaries of camp pas- tors and for the erection of tabernacles MINISTERS STUDY WAR AIMS outside the camps. Already six taber- UNDER the auspices of the Na- nacles have been erected in southern tional Com mit tee on the camp communities and eighteen camp Churches and the Moral Aims of the pastors are working among the vari- War a series of institutes have been ous cantonments. These camp pas- held at educational centers in differ- tors co-operate with the Y. M. C. A. ent parts of the country this summer, and Red Cross, so that there will be the fundamental purpose being to no duplication of effort. "Distinctive study how the churches may make the evangelistic work is also being accom- best use of their opportunities for war plished by these pastors," said Bishop service. The first institute was held Lambuth. at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn., June 12th and 13th, and TRAINING SCHOOL FOR brought together more than one hun- CHAPLAINS dred ministers from six Southern TRAINING schools for chaplains states, Tennessee, Kentucky, Missis- have been established at several sippi, Alabama, Arkansas and Geor- points-one at Fortress Monroe, Va.; gia.

another in Texas and one at Louis- On the first day inspiring addresses ville, Ky. were delivered on such subjects as The Training School for Chaplains "Why We Are Fighting," "The New conducted by Maj. Alfred A. Pruden, City," "The New Social Order, and ;J chaplain of the Coast Artillery The Church in This Crisis." Sir Corps, at Camp Taylor, is modeled on George Adam Smith addressed the the lines of the Reserve Officers' Institute on "Great Britain's Message Training School. Stress is laid upon to America." The second day of the military affairs rather than upon the- Institute was devoted to an intensive ological instruction. All candidates study of the League of Nations movehave had the necessary theological ment, which is one of the stron~ education. Lectures are given to the points emphasized by the National chaplains on international law, mili- Committee and which looks· toward tary law; and military rules and regu- international reorganization after the lations, and conferences are held under the direction of experienced chap- war and the establishment of a League lains on general subjects connected of Nations. In its general outline the with their work. In addition to the meeting at Vanderbilt University is special hlstruction there have been like the Institutes which were planned held drills both in marching and in for other groups of ministers in the horsemanship. United States, at Amherst College, According to the Federal Council the University of Minnesota, Cornell of Churches, the faculty of the train- University, Piedmont College, Hamp- ing school includes representatives' ton Institute and other educational from -the Episcopal Church, the Meth- centers.

LATEST NEWS OF WAR WORK

SALVATION ARMY WOMEN deserves. The camp pastors are min- A IN FRANCE isters appointed by various denomi- GROUP of workers belonging national commissions to constitute a to the Salvation Army in Amer- connecting link between the men in ica sailed recently for France to re- training camps and the churches in inforce the 900 trained Salvation the adjacent communities. Their Army war workers engaged in relief work is not intended in any way to service in the battle zone. These duplicate or rival any work of the workers are frequently very near the Y. M. C. A. or the chaplains, but to front, and often under shell fire. The be supplementary to both. In some work done by these women has had cases the camp pastors have been defi- such a telling effect upon the Ameri- nitely assigned to units that were can forces that both the troops in the without regular chaplains, in which trenches and the military authorities case they have been known as "volun- of highest rank have voiced their un- tary chaplains." There are at the qualified appreciation aug approval. present time about 400 of these camp pastors, appointed in the main by ten NEW Y. M. C. A. AT of the largest Protestant denomina- CHARLESTOWN tions and perhaps 100 others ap- THE Army and Navy Y. M. C. A. pointed for at least parf of their time building at Charlestown, Mass., is by smaller religious bodies. Some of the most prominent ministers in the a center which is being much appre- churches are serving in the capacity of camp pastors. ciated by men in both branches of the service. The formal dedication took place on May 28th, with Governor FRENCH HOMES ASSOCIATION McCall, Mayor Peters of Boston, Rear Admiral Wood, U. S. N., and FRENCH women are forming the French Homes Association, which General Ruckman, U. S. A., as speakers. The building, which has sleep- is opening up homes of the finest kind ing accommodations for about 250 throughout France for the entertainmen, contains many club privileges ment of American army men. It is for both the soldiers and sailors. On an attempt on the part of the French the first floor there is a large lobby women to show that they are grateful and writing room, with a reading al- for the sacrifices the American women cove at one end, where are placed make for them by sending their men current magazines and newspapers so far away to fight in France.

from all parts of the United States. GENERAL HAIG'S FAITH N interesting incident, which il- A At the other end of the lobby there lustrates the Christian faith of a is a big fireplace. On the same floor there is a restaurant. Eighty-two bedrooms, for which moderate prices great general, as well as the value of the army chaplain's ministry in hours are charged, have been furnished, and of actual crisis is related by Major James M. Black, of Edinburgh, in addition the building contains game brother of Rev. Hugh Black and' a chaplain with the British forces. Writrooms, bowling alleys and an audi- ing to a friend, he said: "Two Suntorium to provide some kind of enter- days ago-the dark Sunday of the tainment every evening.-Congregationalist.

THE CHURCH IN THE CAMPS German push-I was at general head- quarters. Sir Douglas Haig was very THE work of the camp pastors is quiet. He came up and thanked me an important factor in the service afterwards for the comfort I had given him, and he remarked: 'Reof the Christian forces of the COuntry member, the battle is not ours, but and one which has not received as God's.' He is a sincere Christian." much recognition as in many cases it

FROM MANY

" J JAPAN-CHOSEN foundation of all pmhoilroasloitpyhyandanedthitchs~ APANESE leaders invite the full the basis of all co-operation of missionaries from Great Britain and America in conclusion of science. It teaches that the moral and religious development of their own country. No obstacles by following a proper method a man are put in our way by the government. OJ?- the other. hand there are many may become possessed of the reishi eVidences of mterest and apprecia- or spirit-force, of Tairei, the Great tion." So remarks Dr. C. J. L. Bates, Spirit, the ultimate reality, and dean of the College of the Canadian Methodist Church in Kobe, Japan. He t~rough reishi can do things impossaid in a recent interview: Sible. to physics. and physiology, in- "Japan is prepared industrially to take advantage of any opportunities cludmg: the curmg of physical disthat may arise. A few years ago she was believed to be on the verge of ease, hiS own and' that of others. A bankruptcy, but she has since become a creditor rather than a debtor nation. major-general, an admiral, and the Japan is qualified by educational leadership. She is the only nation in Asia chief paymaster of the Japanese Army with a public school system which definitely plans to educate all the peo- are among those who have adopted ple. In one generation 'Japan has passed from illiteracy to literacy. this new religion. A Tareido Asso- "But Japan recognizes that she is ciation has been formed, twelve memnot equipped morally and religiously. One of the leading Japanese officials bers of which were on April 1st to in Korea said to me, 'Korea stands in need of two kinds of salvation· one set forth as an evangelistic band with political and one religious. As far as the political is concerned, Japan will the object of evangelizing first Japan look after that; in so far as the re- .ligious life is concerned the only hope and then America and Europe.-C: of Korea is in Christianity. Other ~el~gions are 4ead and the only hope M. S. Review. IS m the teachmgs of Jesus Christ." Christianity a Permanent Factor AA New Cult in Japan NOTHER new religion has ap- "T HERE is abundant Heovlitdoennce~f" peared in Japan, which The writes Rev. D. C. Japan Evangelist says, is singular among the modern cults which are Tokyo in Missions, "that the Gospel ~pringing up as n:ushrooms, in that of Jesus Christ has established itself It .seems to .combme a rather lofty phllosophy with an exceedingly prac- as a permanent factor in the spiritual tical application to life and human life of the Japanese people."

sufferings. It is called Tareido, or A prominent Japanese Christian tMhoeri~GerieatTaSnpaikriat,-Woafy.ToIktyso,fouclnadiemr~ educator is of the opinion that in all that It is the source of religion, the Japan there are one million people who in their hearts believe in Jesus and follow Him, though the total membership of the Japanese Christiar: Church, including Roman Catholic and Russian Orthodox communicants, is only about 300,000. About half of these are members of the Protestant churches. An evidence of the vigor of the Japanese Church is seen in the fact that the Three Years National Ev~ngelical .Campaign for Japan, which closed m July, 1917, and which was instituted and carried on mainlv through Japanese initiative, reported a total attendance of d8u0r0i~0g0t0heatthtrheee various meetings held years, and 27,000 decisions to follow Christ.

The principal ground for confidence in Christianity ai an established factor in the life of Japan is in the kind of of various saints of the Early Church. men who have responded to the call One Japanese pastor had clear views of Christ and who have committed on the subject, as the following incitheir lives to His cause. To the aver- dent shows: age American rea,der the names of these truly great Japanese Christian "Mr. Ikeda, whose health had leaders are unknown and unpro- broken down, devoted his time to a nounceable, but to one who knows translation of 'St. Bernard and His them they are true Samurai of the Times,' believing that the book would Spirit. be a message of inspiration to Japa- nese Christians. To a friend visiting Conversion of a Japanese Woman him in his poor lodging he confided his difficulties in finding a publisher T HE line of thinking which led because of the size of the work. The Madame Hirooka, a prominent friend suggested that St. Bernard was but little known and that a life Japanese woman, to become a Chris- of St. Francis of Assisi would be more tian)s thus reported in her own words acceptable to both publisher and pubin Asia: lic. Mr. Ikeda acknowledged the force of this view and said that he, too, "I wanted women to be good and revered St. Francis, 'but,' he said, 'St. I wanted to help them to improve their Francis stood for love alone–selfless, lot. I found that I could not accom- gentle, self-sacrificing love. There is plish what I desired without religion. great power in that, but it is not That conclusion sent me to study re- enough. There is evil in men's hearts ligion from the woman's point of view. and that evil must be fought against I found that there is no hope for wom- and subdued. Only so can men be en in any of the religions of the saved. Not St. Francis but St. Ber- Orient. They teach that from the nard is the man who combines in cradle to the grave women are inferior himself both these principles, love and to men. They regard women as evil. the aggressive fighting spirit, and so Confucian ethics, for example, teach I thought it would perhaps serve that fools and women cannot be edu- Christ best if I introduced St. Bercated. A woman cannot be a 'heaven- nard to the Japanese Church.' "- ly creature.' It teaches that it is bet- Record of Christian Wark. ter to see a snake than a woman, for the latter arouses passion. Japanese A Lay Missionary to Japan women have been so long oppressed by this kind of teaching that they no THE visit to Japan of Capt. W. H. longer stop to ask why. They are Hardy has been described by a afraid, like slaves. Then I began to read the Bible. I did not like some missionary there as "one of the most parts of it any better than I like the brilliant chapters of unofficial missionreligions of the East. . . . When I ary service in the history of modern re3id the gospels I found that Jesus times." He says: "All sorts of recmade no ' distinction between the ords have been broken by this 'simple sexes. I liked that. We are all, wom- sailor.' He is a hero of three wars, en as well as men, children of God. I who carries ten bullets and five silver came to the conclusion that the only ribs in his body besides a silver plate hope for the women of the Orient to in his skull; he is one of the two surattain their true position is through vivors of Commodore Perry's famous Christianity." band of voyagers who opened Japan to the western world; he has been St. Bernard for Japan feted and honored in Japan during the past five months in ways that no other SOME students of church history and commoner has ever been; and he has of missions might find it of inter- chosen as his pet name for himself one given him by admiring friends, est to analyze the value for the Christians of the Oriental races of the lives

'The Grandfather of Modern Japan.' I ca~ pray that he may become a But these and similar facts concern- Christian, and then he will be fully ing the old hero which have been repaid."

stressed in the papers and magazines The missionary tells also how, soon are not the things that have impressed after the Bible woman began to pray, us most. What has touched us most this physician, who is a man of high deeply is the five-months-Iong sermon rank, having been decorated by the he has preached and practiced on Emperor for bravery during the war God's love and international good feel- with Russia, began English lessons, ing. He has preached from scores of reading the gospel of John, and soon platforms and written in hundreds of became so interested that he asked to albums 'God is Love.' In many ways have the way of salvation fully ex- he has set an example that regular plained.

missionaries might well follow." AHow a Leaflet Bore Fruit T THE close of the service one A Family Day in Japan INNorth America, the observance morning in the' church at of a special week in February as Chungju, Chosen, a woman came up Father and Son Week has taken firm to the platform and said to the miSe root in thousands of churches and sionary: "Will not the pastor stop at Young Men's Christian Associations. my house on his way home tomor- This year for the first time the idea row?" Upon inquiry he learned that h~s been transplanted to Japan, and she was a former beer seller, notorious true to the genius of the Japanese, it for her vile – language. The next has been modified into Family Day. morning, as the missionary sat on the By a happy thought it was decided to little porch in .front of her store, she tie the observance up with the boys' told of her conversion. "Someone festival which comes on May 5th. Ac- handed me a leaflet one day as I sat cordingly, a number of churches and here seIling beer. I said I could not Y. M. C. A.'s celebrated the occasion read it but he told me to have my son on May 4th or May 5th by special read it to me. After my son read it suppers attended by patents andchil- he said: 'Mother, we just must become dren, mostly men and boys, by public Christians.' We talked it over and a addresses and special sermons, and by few Sabbaths later I went to church athletic and other entertainments. The and when the pastor asked all who festival bids fair to become art annual wanted to believe to stand, I stood.

event and may in time give. a Chris- Now my son and his wife and I all believe. We have stopped the beer tian content to the boys' festival. business and expeet to move away and AWorking at Her Religion farm for a living."

FAITHFUL Bible woman in 'Taiku, Korea, was very ill last Wayside Sunday Schools year, and went to the Japanese hos- HUNDREDS of Sunday-schools pital for treatment during an entire in Korea have started in the fol- summer. At the end of the time, lowing manner: A missionary well when she asked for her bill, the Japa- supplied with brightly colored pic"! nese physician in charge said, "I am tures at text cards goes to some vil- a Buddhist and you are a quistian, lage and sits under some tree or by but I see that you are working at the side of the road. Very soon chil- your religion and so there is no bill." dren gather in front of him to ex- Shortly after. that the Bible· woman amine him and hear what he has to came to one of the missionaries in say. The missionary says a few great distress and said, "How can I words and perhaps sings a verse or repay .him?" and then sudd~ly her two of "Jesus Loves Me" and gives face brightenfd and she said; "Oh, each of the children a' card and tells

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 70S

them to come again next Sunday and women, a class for city women being bring others. Next Sunday he comes held later, and all pay all their ex- to the same place and the children are pense of board and travel, as well as there to meet him. A few will per- a small tuition fee.

haps spell out with him a verse or a The beginners are taught reading, text. Some Sundays later the chil- Mark's gospel and a Bible catechism.

dren wiU look for his coming and the A certificate is given for good work, class will take on regular proportions, which is handed in the next year and and quite a number will join shyly in admits to the next higher division.~ the singing. It may be that a child The Korea Mission Field.

or friendly neighbor will offer his D house, yard or room and from that Devil Worship in Chosen time more or less regular work may EVIL worship among the Koreans be begun. Some "schools" have met is not a definite form of religion Sunday after Sunday through a long and is more or less difficult to explain. bitter winter under a tree by the road- Two classes of devils are worshipped side. Since these schools started only ~one class supposed to be malicious, a few years ago thousands and tho~­ the other of a more kindly nature. sands of children have been reached. Many things are done to' propitiate Just the other day a Korean said, them, even to the trimming of hats "When I used to go to such and such and providing fans for these demons. a village the children sang all sorts One Korean discovered a number of heathen songs, but now I hear only of weasels loitering about his home, 'Jesus Loves Me.''' and after calling in an his friends to First the children, then the home, talk over the unusual occurrence, he then the church. This is the story ih decided that its significance was that thousands of ·cases in Korea, as in he was soon to become a very wealthy other countries. man. With the hope of this great AClass for Korean Women wealth, he felt so kindly disposed to- ward the weasels that he built a house BOUT nine hundred Korean to accommodate them and every day women came to Pyeng Yang to prepared rice and food for them. But study in the general class in March. feeding weasels as well as his own There are old women and young, mid- household proved an expensive under- dle-aged women and girls, women in 'taking, and instead of becoming· a silk and women in coarse cotton, rich man, he found himself getting women with bundles on their heads poorer. It was then that he heard of and babies on their backs, women the "Jesus doctrine," and both he and footsore from many weary miles of his wife accepted it. After a time rough roads, alone and in groups of they invited a number of their Chris~ two, four or half a dozen, all pouring tian friends to help them burn all their into the Bible Institute on the opening devil possessions and now, with all day. There a committee of Korean traces of devil worship cleared away, women meets them and helps them they are finding joy in attending to find homes, as the school dormi- Christian services regularly.

tories accommodate but a few.. Any woman from the two hundred and CHINA seventy odd groups under the care of . Missionaries and Democracy Pyeng Yang· station of the Presby": WHILE missionaries do not med- terian Board may come to the city at . dIe in politics, it is true that the this time, have ten days of Bible American missionaries in China are study, see aU the foreign ladies and among the most active fortes working get the inspiration which comes froni for a true democracy.. One woulq worship and communion with a mul- suppose that the soldiFs. would de- titude· of believers. All are country stroy the lives and properties of mis-

sionaries, but it is cause for devout missionaries are fighting both typhus gratitude that both parties look upon and pneumonic plague; and seeking them as friends, and in many cases to care for the sufferers from the they have been used as mediators. It floods of last season. The British and was in the compound of the Reformed American ministers have sent the fol- Church Mission in the first days of lowing telegram to mission stations the fighting between northern and throughout China: "Conditions North southern soldiers around Yochow, China country district rapidly becom- Hunan province, that 3,000 women ing desperate. People eating leaves, and children sought refuge. Later bark, straw, corn-cobs. Fuel scarce, Mr. Beck reports that ten thousand . roof timbers and fruit trees used in- found refuge in the temporary sheds stead. Animals dead or sold. No on the Y ochow compound, and were grain for spring sowing. Robberies fed. increasing. Children abandoned, sold, One of the cheering facts amid the drowned.· Committee appeals Chinese warring factions is the widespread Christians raise $50,000, and help readiness to hear the Gospel. The raise $50,000 more from others."

missionaries have been brought nearer Rev. Emery W. Ellis, of the Amer- to the life of the people, and in the ican Board, writes: "The great plain time of intense suffering their mes- of Chihli has its thousands starving sage has been more welcomed than and its tens of thousands going about in the days of prosperity. These are begging and stealing. In thirty-eight the tidings that come from the field: chapel refuges 1,600 people are being "The door stands wide open for evan- fed and many of them are being gelization of all kinds. There is great taught the Gospel at the same time.

willingness to listen and less opposi- Great need and opportunity seemed to tion than ever before."-Reformed unite in this relief work. We have Church Messenger. been granted funds permitting 2,500 people to be fed, perhaps a hundred Encouraging Things in China of whom are feeble old men, the rest THE Rev. C. Y. Cheng, one of the women and children. The crowds of editors of the China Mission Year kneeling women appealing for food Book for 1917, speaks of three en- made a sight never to be forgotten, couraging features of the present sit- and the satisfaction of those who have millet gruel 'to eat is gratifying to uation : (1) Chinese Christians are see." more and more realizing their· re- sponsibility as Christians to serve the Symbolical Language in China Church, and laymen in particular show "THE missionary-who not only can greater keenness in evangelistic work; speak the Chinese language, but (2) there is a growing sense of cooperation and unity within the who is deeply conversant with its Church; and (3) churches and mis- written symbols as well, has an addisions, Chinese and foreigners, have tional and most valuable means of apnever been more friendly and have proach to the Chinese heart," says never understood each other's point Rev. Obed S. Johnson of Canton, in of view better. This has resulted in a The Missionary Herald. He continues: growing mutual respect. "The symbolism of the Chinese character is a source of constant sur- IGreat Suffering in China prise and delight. For instance, the sun and moon in close proximity indi- N any other days than these, when cates brightness; a man standing by stories of misery are coming in his words denotes faith or trustworthifrom all over the world, more atten- ness; when death and the heart are tion would be given to the plight of in combination, there is forgetfulness; the people in North China, where the when the pen~il spooks, the result is a

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

book; fire under two pieces of wood was evidently the outgrowth of some indicates a blaze; a· knife near skin small misunderstanding on the part means to flay; ten words or remarks of a rough element among the Canton- imply a scheme; to seize or capture a ese soldiers, whose conduct was dis- woman implies getting married; a rat avowed and reprimanded by their own and a hole signifies escape; growing commanders. At one time there had rice and a knife stands for profit; been over a thousand refugees on the three carriages in a heap spell a crash, mission compound. The marvel is a calamity; while a dog, given an extra that when all else was looted and over- mouth, would quite naturally bark. It run, this spot escaped so well."

is even more interesting to note that, to the practical Chinese mind, the idea Interfering With Idol Merchants of poison was conveyed by the mother or woman of the house, upholding A N incident in China reminds us power and sovereignty; that the idea of Demetrius and his fellowof peace was conveyed by one woman craftsmen in Ephesus whose trade under a roof; and that the ideal em- was interfered with by the preaching blem chosen to represent the Chinese of the apostle Paul. A Chinese woman home, or household, is a pig under a came to the Methodist missionaries in roof. Such examples might be multi- Hinghwa saying: plied indefinitely." "You Christians are despoilers- taking away our trade and leaving us The Outbreak in Yeungkong to starve. Before you came with your songs and prayers I was earning FIGHTING in Yeungkong, South twelve cents a day making idol paper.

China, between the local troops All the women of our village are mak- and some northern soldiers had led to idol paper day and night, so that the such a serious situation that the mis- fame of this place has gone over the sionaries there sent to the American country. . Christianity may be Consul in Canton for help. An Amer- good if you are rich, but what of us ican gunboat, then in Hongkong, was in this village? You tell us not to sent to their relief, and Rev. Charles make idol paper, that it is sin-but E. Patton, of the American Presby- what else can we do?"

terian mission in Kochou who was one Mrs. W. N. Brewster writes that of the two missionaries in the party, she needs money-capital to start a describes what happened: new industry for the women of the "A sad sight enough the city pre- village. If it is weaving, there must sented. Every shop had been looted, be looms and-material supplied, wages the doors shattered and patched up for apprentices and teacher. Not until with bits of box boards. Bullet holes were everywhere. The streets were the Truth is combined with economic almost deserted, the people having fled freedom will the people of China be to the country, and they looked more free.

like horse stables than anything else. A Chinese Student's Testimony The fine big church building was a T'AO WEN TSUING, a student in pile of broken bricks, a complete Nanking University, writes of his wreck. The situation had been very grave a few days before. Just then decision to follow Christ: "For about the Cantonese army had driven the four years my heart has been a battle Northern troops of Lung Chai Kwong field. Jesus Christ and Satan have beyond to the Kochou region. struggled for possession of it, and Jesus has won the victory. From this "There seemed to be several sup- time forth, I am a follower of Jesus. posed 'causes' of the outbreak, no one I have not Gome to Him becailse of in itself being important, but all con- some improper benefit which I expect current and contributing to the un- to get from Him. If there is anyfortunate outcome. The whole affair

thing I despise, it is the man who is Prayer With a Magistrate always asking, 'What can I get out of it ?' I have come to believe in Jesus I N his country tours Rev. Charles largely through the study of a book by E. Scott of Tsingtao has had some Prof. Jenks, of Cornell University, en- extraordinary experiences with Chititled 'The Social Principles of Jesus nese officials, which have been re- Christ.' ferred to the Review. He tells the story of a call on one of the county "I cannot go into detail as to what magistrates, "a very wide-awake man, part of Christ's teaching is important, keen-eyed and eager. He spoke Engbut I must say that that which has lish fairly well and knew considerable made me want to be a follower of of world politics. I talked to him ear- Jesus is His teaching that we should nestly about Paul, and he surprised love all men as ourselves. This princi- me by his assertion of belief in the ple is clearly brought out in the book true God and praying to Him and mentioned. In addition to this, in my seeking His guidance in making hisstudy of history, I have noticed that decisions as a magistrate, and trying the leaders and philosophers and to render those decisions according to scientists, that is, a large proportion a good conscience. As the conversaof them, are firm believers in and fol- tion progressed about things spiritual lowers of Jesus Christ, and that those he seemed really eager as to how to who were not owed their knowledge know the will of God. I pointed him of philosophy and science directly to to John 7 :17, showing that assurance Jesus Christ, His teaching and His is not so much a matter of learning Church. . . . Fellow students, I as being willing to follow God's teachmost heartily commend to you Jesus ings as laid down in the Bible. Then Christ."-The Christian Observer. he pulled out a flne edition of the New Testament and we talked over IThe General's Wives several passages relative to Patti's N whatever field they meet the great choice. Finally he asked rue to problem, missionaries uniformly pray with and for him, which I did, insist that candidates for baptism with while several secretaries and henchmore than one wife shall give up all men peeked through the door and but one before they can be admitted listened eagerly. to church membership. General Wu of the province of Kiangsi, China, is "The evangelist and pastor who aca famous man and a Christian. But companied me were amazed to see unfortunately, though an ardent sup- this spirit in the magistrate. Inasmuch porter of the Methodist Episcopal as we came to ask him to give his Church, he is not a member because support to establishing a chapel in his he has two wives, neither of whom he city, you can imagine the amazement is willing to give up. Both the and delight of these two Christian women and all of his children have workers." been baptized, but the general explains his position by saying, "One of MALAYSIA these women is the mother of my children; I cannot desert her. The other TOpium Trade Not Dead is young and beautiful, and I love HE opium trade is by no means her." So the old general contents dead as yet, and the morphia trade himself with holding preaching serv- is increasing and working great ruin ice for his troops on Sunday and do- in the Far East, according to Rev. E. ing mission work during the balance L. Thwing of the International Re- form Bureau. Officially the opium of the week. trade, from India to China, has come to an end, but a report was published last year in Bangkok, Siam, that an agreement had been made with India to sell opium for five years to Siam,

1918J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Singapore, Malay Federated States, INDIA Dutch Indies and Hongkong. A Social Service Exhibition Dr. Thwing has visited this year all of these places, and has been surprised THE subject of social service is one at the great extent of the opium trade, that has made an increasing appeal and the large number of opium smokers. In 1915-16 the largest item of to Indian students, and this has per- revenue in Siam was from opium, be- haps been especially true in Bengal. ing more than from all of the customs The growing interest in the subject and land tax combined. In the Dutch was expressed in a social service ex- East Indies, the profit to the Dutch hibition held in Calcutta last spring. government in 1916 was over $12,000,- 000, an increase of 100 per cent. in The secretary of the Bengal Social ten years. The increase in the capital, Service League and the secretary of Batavia, for the year 1915-16 was 41 the College Branch of the Young per cent. With its many opium dens, Men's Christian Association were Batavia is one of the worst opium joint secretaries of a committee, sesmoking cities in the world. Opium lected from prominent citizens whose is distributed freely to the thousands enthusiasm for social service is of people throughout the islands, and acknowledged, and formed for the it is claimed that it is simply to meet purpose .of holding a Social Service the demands of the Chinese. During Exhibition during the Easter vacalast March Dr. Thwing visited the tion. . Charts, photographs and models large centers of Chinese in Java and -..yere collected, and such subjects as Sumatra, and without exception the sanitation, personal hygiene, child Chinese voted at their public meetings welfare, education, temperance, ecoto ask that the trade stop. This has nomics and co-operation dealt with. also been done in Siam. Several lantern lectures and demon- strations were also given, and the ex- A Chain of Hospitals Planned hibition met with very well deserved success. It was visited by over 5,000 THE American Methodists in Java people. are planning for a series of mis- The Exhibition Committee is a sionary hospitals to be scattered over separate body, independent alike of the the Netherlands. Indies, manned by a Bengal Social Service League and the capable surgeon and staff working in Y. M. C. A. The exhibition over, it co-operation with an evangelist; the still remains a permanent independent doctors to meet the physical need of the body, whose functions are to store, people and the evangelist with his to prepare and lend charts and to prostaff of native preacher-teachers to mote future exhibitions. follow up and clinch the work of the medical missionaries. Most of the Encouraging News from India money for building the hospitals, as well as subsidies for salaries of nurses REV. ALDEN H. CLARK of the and physicians can be obtained from Marathi Mission of the American the Dutch government. The problem, therefore, is not money but men. Board brings an optimistic report of conditions in India. He states that the Ninety per cent. of the people of church is on the verge of a mass move- Java are diseased in one way or an- ment .towards Christianity in the other, according to the estimate of E. Marathi field, and needs only the W. Allstrom, missionary teacher from money and the men to bring it to Soekaradja, Java. Before we can pass. Such a movement would be teach the people the love of God we more significant than those in North must make them believe in the love India from the fact that this work lies of man through ministering to their among the energetic and thrifty farmdiseased bodies. ing class rather than among the out- castes, as in the north. These farmers are already convinced of the truth of Christianity and might speedily be

brought over if they had the proper Christians," writes Professor John attention. One native pastor told Mr. McKenzie of Wilson College, Bombay, Clark he could receive 1,000 converts in the International Review of Miseach year, if he had teachers for his villages. sions, "but once we go beneath the Mr. Clark estimates the Christian terms to the connotation in which they population of India at 5,000,000, a are used and the system which they growth of 1,500,000 since he went out represent, what seemed identical is thirteen years ago. He finds a cor- seen to be separated by an impassable responding development of character gulf. The present-day religiolls diletand ability in the Indian Christians. tante who dabbles in Eastern mystic- In self-expression, in powers of ism enthusiastically quotes the sayings leadership and in the willingness to of Hindu sages on purgation, union support their own institutions they with God and so forth, sublimely unare gaining in a way to gratify the conscious of the essentially unethical supporters at home. He prophesies conception of purity and communion that India, with her rich intellectual with God that form their background. endowments and her mystical quali- As illustrating the influence of the ties, when properly disciplined by Hindu religious mind at its best, in its western education, will make a note- contempt for wealth, place and power worthy contribution to the Church it sets an example to a world that has Universal. been far too slow to accept Christ's transvaluation of values; its ethical A Padre's Message to Americans weakness stands revealed in the ab- sence of any sense of sin." ONE of the most devoted workers in Meerut District, India, is a dis- TThe Hindus Were Interested HE baptism of some Brahmin boys trict superintendent known as "Padre in the holy Hindu city of Madura, Gordon," who was born a Moham- so aroused the non-Christians that the medan. .He supervises a district forty missionaries, going into the city aftermiles long by twenty wide, with thirty- wards, at first feared that meetings two preachers under him and five hun- might cause riots. Instead of this, such dred villages to look after. In the crowds of interested people came that last five years he himself has baptized it was necessary to secure a larger five or six thousand converts. meeting place. Interest was so intense that the leaders of the opposition were Asked what he would like to send unable to accomplish anything, and as his message to his fellow-Metho- Christianity became the vital issue dists in America, he replied. : throughout the city. The Christian workers have found many inquirers as "We always pray for you,; we are a result of the meetings.-Methodist thankful for the help you give us both Centenary Bulletin. in money and in missionaries. Weare also thankful for the help of Jesus Buddhist Methods in Ceylon Christ. We are all merely helpers with Him. The big work of breaking A MOVEMENT in Ceylon which up the ground has been done by the has done much to revive interest missionaries. May the light of in Buddhism is called "The Sinhalese Christ fill all India! Surely India, National Movement." The leaders with your help, will become entirely identify Buddhism with Sinhalese pa- Christian. We give you our salaams." triotism, and urge upon the people -Christian Advocate. that loyalty to the nation implies loyal- ty to the religion. Christianity is de- " A Hindu Religious Ideas scribed as alien. One chief aim of S far as language goes, many the movement is to popularize Budd- passages from the Hindu writ- hism, and Christian methods are being ings might have been written by Christians, and can he appropriated by

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

closely followed. Formerly Buddhist boarding schools and other instituleaders showed no interest in educa- tions, must be re-opened. When this tion. But under the stimulus of this work among the Christians of the new movement, and with the help–es- country is revived and possibly expecially the financial help–of Euro- tended, there is no saying what it may pean and American theosophists, these grow to in the days of unparalleled leaders, during the last twenty-five or opportunity which are now upon us." thirty years, have opened opposition schools in a great many villages where The Sunday-schools in Jerusalem Christians were already teaching. Frequently, when the Christian school has REV. STEPHEN TROWBRIDGE, been ruined and closed, the Buddhists the secretary of the World's Sunhave also closed their school and left the village without any means of edu- day-School Association for Moslem cation. Buddhists are also opening Lands, who has been doing such efopposition Sunday-schools wherever fective relief work in Jerusalem, writes Christian Sunday-schools exist. They of having visited there the Sundayhave open air services and preaching schools, which, as he says, "have pluckhalls where Buddhist preachers con- ily held on during all the hard times duct services, with "a sermon, very under the Turks. The school at the much after the manner of Christian American Colony has never missed a services.-The Australian Missionary Sunday and the same is true of the Review. Blind School under Miss Lovell, who is one of the two Englishwomen who MOSLEM LANDS stayed on through the three years of war; again and again the Turks threat- Reconstruction in Palestine ened to take her house and turn her out on the street, but in each case God ONE of the results of the British mercifully overruled the threat. Two occupation of Palestine is the re- Sunday afternoons I spoke to the girls in this school; it was a great inspiration construction work. The Church Mis- to listen to their singing; they know sionary Society asks for $50,000 for English better than any pupils I have the restoration and equipment of dam- met in the Near East. The Arabicaged and looted hospitals, and $75,000 speaking church founded by the Chrisfor rehabilitating the general work of tian Alliance has also kept up the Sunthe Mission. The Gleaner summarizes day-schools, most of the pupils being some of the special needs: Armenian refugees. The large Ger- man industrial orphanages maintain "Our hospitals at Gaza, Jaffa, Nab- Lutheran Sunday-schools." lous and Salt must be restored, equipped and re-opened as opportunity EUROPE offers. Already, at the request of the military authorities, work has been re- Further Steps Toward Unity sumed at Gaza (in tents), and the hospital at Jaffa will be re-opened im- REFERENCE has been made in the REVIEW to the First Interim Remediately, to provide against the port of a committee appointed by the spread of epidemics among the people. Archbishops of Canterbury and York The hospital at Gaza being badly and by representatives of the English damaged, Dr. Lasbrey, who hastened Free Churches' commissions, in conup from Old Cairo hospital when the nection with the proposed World Con- Turks were driven back, has been car- ference on Faith and Order. rying on the work of mercy in tents. This report consisted of (1) a state- "Then there is the educational side ment of agreement on matters of of the Palestine Mission to be pro- Faith; (2) a statement of agreement vided for. As our army advances, the on matters relating to Order; (3) a forty day schools for boys and girls statement of differences in relation to in towns and villages scattered over matters of Order which require furthe whole country, as well as the

ther study and discussion, and was in- Technical School advertised for a tended not as a basis of reunion for teacher of English, and Senorita Christendom, but to prepare for the Digon applied to take the competitive consideration of such a basis 'at the examinations. In spite of her being a projected Conference. . woman, without one dissenting voice, The Second Report carries out this the committee elected her. It was the idea and states: "The visible unity of first time that a woman had ever pre- the Body of Christ is not adequately sented herself as a candidate for such expressed in the co-operation of the a post. Later, the committee was in- Christian churches for moral influence formed that the young lady whom they and social service, though such co- had appointed was a Protestant, but in operation might with great advantage spite of strong opposition, the Senorita be carried much further than it is at Digon was installed in the position, present; it could only be fully realized and f'Or two years has held her post- through community of worship, faith a woman and a Protestant-in the City and order, including common partici- Technical School.

pation in the Lord's Supper. This A would be quite compatible with a rich Returning Italians are Protestants diversity in life and worship." RECENT visitor to Italy reports ASalvation Army and Germany a conversation he had with a leading Protestant minister in Rome, CCORDING to a report received which should encourage those who are at the headquarters in New York engaged in home missionary work late in July, the Salvation Army in among Italians here. He says: Germany and Austria has been wiped "I had remarked that our American out of existence by order of the Kaiser, churches were doing missionary work not only because the organization was among the Italians coming to 'our founded in England and was devel- shores, but that I had seen small oped from that country, but because results.

Salvationists from all over the earth "'Do not become discouraged,' he are fighting under the various flags said, 'for you are building better than of the Allies. you know. Every Italian returning to There are over 100,000 Salvationists his native land from America is a now in the trenches and bearing arms. Protestant, converted through a touch All of the orphanages, rescue homes, with your atmosphere and institutions.

lodging houses, hospitals and corps When we go into a new community, headquarters belonging to the organi- we first inquire for some man who has zation have long since been confiscated, been to America. With scarcely an and the Salvation Army as such has exception we are able to establish a been put out of existence, so far as the Sunday-school and church in his home.

Central Powers are concerned. Its These men are the pillars of Prot- members are scattered in many direc- estantism all over Italy. The best mis- tions. They have not been permitted sionary work we could do would be to to communicate with their London send the people to America and then headquarters since the war started. bring them back again. You will not A Protestant Teacher in Spain be likely to establish any close connec- tions between the Italians and your CHRISTIANITY in Spain has heen American churches. But keep up your promoted by the daughter of the work. When they return they are no pastor in San Sebastian. Senorita longer Catholics.' "

Pepita Digon was a pupil of the Colegio Internacional and later studied to A New Bishop in Athens be a trained nurse in a London hos- BISHOP MELETIOS META- pital. When she returned to San TAXIS, the new Metropolitan of Sebastian two years ago, the City Athens, whose predecessor was a pro-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

nounced reactionary, seems likely to many calls for money, of course, and bring a new spirit of reform into the I can quite understand that it may be- Church in Greece. He stands above come more difficult than ever to ob- all for the autonomy of the Greek tain money for missionary enterprises, Church. He aims at the restoration of but that the work undertaken should the old synodical system-the system be continued and continued . . .

which anticipated the representative at its full force, seems to me of capital constitution upon which the peoples necessity, and I for one hope that there of civilized Europe pride themselves. may be no slackening or recession of The present administrative system any sort. . . .

must gD—–'a system imposed on the "Cordially and sincerely yours, church from without, according to "WOODROW WILSON."

which not all the bishops meeting to- ASunday-school a War: Necessity gether in synod, but only a certain T the quadrennial convention of number selected in rotation or other- the International Sunday School wise, carryon the administration of Association, which was attended by the church. more than 2,000 delegates from over forty states and provinces, it was re- As for the clergy, he longs to see the ported that the total membership of the day when no one will be able to re- schools of the association, which emproach them with lack of education, braces the North American continent, and to this end the monasteries must is 20,649,797. be recalled to their first object. They must once again become schools of Rev. Dr. W. O. Thompson, president prayer and theological seminaries, and of Ohio State University, was elected president for the next quadrennial. no longer be degraded to "academies of craftsmanship." To the Synod of Among the speakers was Marion Athens is assigned the care of the scat- Lawrance, who said in the course of tered orthodox communities abroad, his address: "The present conditions and foremost among them are those in on our continent and in the world are the United States; one of its first acts such as to constitute Sunday-school will be to send to the Greeks in Amer- work a war necessity. We all ica a bishop "capable of contributing gladly contribute to the war relief to the higher appreciation of the Or- agencies for the comfort and efficiency thodox Church." of our brave boys ia khaki. They de- NO~TH AMERICA serve it all and more than we can do. We must not forget, however, that President Wilson and Missions ten boys between eighteen and twenty- five remain at home for everyone who A MISSIONARY of the Woman's goes to the front, to say nothing of Foreign Missionary Society, now the millions of younger boys and girls and children. The future of the naon furlough, addressed a letter to tiondepends upon the moral and re- ligious training of these young lives;" President Wilson, in which she asked the question: .

"Do you agree with me if Missions have justified their existence, this is a time when they should not only be The Kennedy School of Missions maintained in spite of the war, but THE officers of the Kennedy School urged on because of the war?" She of Missions, Hartford, Conn., state received the following reply, dated at that the enrollment during the last ses- the White House, December 5, 1917: sion has been the most encouraging "I entirely agree with you in regard in the history of the school. Next year to the ~missionary work. I think it special lectures are to be given by Prof.

would be a real misfortune, a mis- D. J. Fleming of India, Dr. fl. Karl fortune· of lasting consequence, if the W. Kumm of Africa, on the History of missionary program for the world Christianity in Africa. Mrs. Agnes should be interrupted. There are Leaycraft Donohugh, M. A., will lec-

ture on African Native Life, including Among the difficulties, he places the customs and social organization. Miss indifference of the educated classes to Jean Kenyon Mackenzie will discuss religion, the fondness of the people work among the women of Africa. for the forms to which they hav!! been Rev. James Dexter Taylor, D.D., of accustomed, and the tendency of those NataI, reviser of the Zulu Bible, is also at home to generalize, as if all South announced. The other courses· con- America were one.

tinue as usual. Among the necessities, Mr. Inman feels that, in the first place, the TDoukhobors Going Back emphasis which has hitherto been laid HE announcement that Peter Veri- upon preaching must be somewhat gin, the leader of the more than lightened and diverted into channels 10,000 Russian Doukhobors, has de- of ,social service. "Latin America clared his intention of returning to needs a gospel of social power," and Russia with his followers, has caused to this end the hearty co-operation of a sensation in Canada. Fifteen years all forces, eliminating denominational ago the illiterate peasant "spirit-wres- emphasis, should be employed; par- , tIers," as their name implies, were dis- ticularly the scattering of forces in liked as religious fanatics, who herded the education of future generations of together in community houses, and, workers must be avoided. Provision though peacable and industrious peas- should be made for reaching the people ants, refused to conform to Canadian through native workers thoroughly laws and regulations or to accept na- trained. And further, close touch tionality. But the Canadians have must be kept between the foreign field found out that they are good colon- and the home base. At home the di- rectors must send level-headed and ists, if poor citizens. ,Brilliant, in British Columbia, is open-minded men to the field; and must one of the great Doukhobor centers have confidence in the recommendaand the socialist's Utopia. Here the tions and follow out the suggestions community is wholly self-contained made by those who know the condiand in contrast to the modern city, tions. Especial care must be taken not there are no anxieties concerning the to awaken antagonism at the outset by source of the next day's needs. There injudicious polemics against Roman are evidently no divisions between Catholicism, which is the state religion "mine" and "thine," no jealousies or in all these countries.

envy over the possessions of another, A for no man is richer than his fellow. Gambling Outfit for Mission One member of the executive does all NOTED gambler, who came un- the outside selling and buying, and all der the influence of the Gospel in moneys received are turned over to the the Presbyterian mission in Guatemala treasury. Money has no purchasing and was converted, confessed he was value within the community. All the in fact nothing but a plain robber- necessaries of life are doled out with- tha~ he had been robbing people out it by the various departments in through his roulette and fortune charge. wheels. Naturally, he wanted to get LATIN AMERICA rid of the implements of his nefarious IPlans for Cooperati.on trade immediately. He couldn't con- scientiously sell them, so he decided to N his valuable booklet on Latin destroy them. But another thought America, Rev. S. G. Inman enum- came to him one day, and he brought erates among the factors favorable to the entire outfit to the mission and missionary effort the attitude of in- offered it for the purpose of teaching creasing friendliness to North Amer- the sin and folly of gambling.

ica, due in part to the war, and a In front of a group of young men growing hunger for spiritual things. and women, the converted ex-gambler

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

took his machines apart and showed very keenly that they are losing ground the young people how the magnets politically. It has thrown Christensecreted inside could be operated at dom and Christ into their thoughts as wjlJ by the owner, how the dice were never before. They are face to face loaded, and how in every way the with a new world situation which fills fortune was turned to the benefit of them with dread. the man running the game. The exhibit was an.object lesson which no one "The battlefield has changed in could forget in a hurry, and the outfit Egypt within the last decade as reis now the property of the mission. . gards the line of opposition to gospel preaching. Formerly the arena of the TAn Argentine Philanthropy conflict was the Koran and Tradition; HE report that comes from Tres now it is the Bible. Moslems are try- Arroyos, Argentina, that an evan- ing everywhere to prove from our gelical orphanage is being started, Scriptures the incorrectness of our which is to be supported locally, indi- teaching and are trying to read Moscates not only that a much-needed lem truths into the Christian Gospel. philanthropy is under way, but that the "evangelicals" have won the confi- The general opinion seems to be dence of the town. The committee that at present there is a greater willconsists of members of the church, but ingness to conyerse along religious when the people of the town heard lines and that the corruption of the about it they responded in a remark- Gospels and the stumbling block of able fashion. No less than three build- the incarnation and the atonement are ing sites were offered as donations, less referred to than formerly. . . . and at the end of the year £1,800 in There is increasing interest in a comcash was in hand. Nor was this all. parison of the cardinal points that dis- A lawyer drew up the title-deeds free tinguish the two religions; increasing of charge; an architect contributed friendliness in the villages of the Delta the plans and is supervising the build- is due, we are told, to their appreciaing work as his donation; 25,000 bricks tion of missionary character and the and a large quantity of other materials Christian ministry of kindness."- have also been given; while the rail- United Presbyterian. 'way company has offered to carry materials, freight free, and has presented Sultans in Mission Schools old rails for the necessary girders. The mayor has promised a municipal grant CANON R. H. LEAKEY, of the of .£200 a year towards the upkeep, Church Missionary Society, who and nearly forty diildren are awaiting admission. It will accommodate last year took up his residence at Buseventy. The foundation stone was koba, in the county of Buwaya, in Gerlaid in December, and the build- man East Africa, says that it is diing is going up, the work being done vided into nine sections under "sulby a member of the Juarez Church tans," who resemble the county chiefs and his four SOns. The cost will be of Buganda, save that the office of the about £3,500. former is hereditary. Three of these "su!tans," who are minors, have been AFRICA sent to school in Buganda-two of them to the Kampala high school of DR. The Attitude of Moslems in Egypt the C. M. S., and the third to a Ro- man Catholic school. Of the others- s. M. ZWEMER sums up as one, the Sultan of Kiziba, is under Protestant instruction for baptism, two foHows the results of a question- have professed to join the Roman Canaire sent out to some forty workers tholics, and one is a Roman Catholic, in Egypt concerning the lines along baptized in Budu some years ago. which Moslems are thinking today: Since Buwaya has come under British rule there has been a real movement "The war has made Moslems feel towards Christianity, and Canon

Leakey is constantly being asked for It has become difficult to keep the teachers.. But they need to be edu- schools supplied with teachers, while, cated men.-C. M. S. Review. notwithstanding all the efforts of the missionaries, any adequate visitation "WE Methodist Work in East Africa of the schools is a physical impossi- have been fighting against bility. This last is a factor of the great odds," writes Rev. P. W. utmost importance, for even the best native workers are apt to get slack and Keys of the M. E. Mission in Inhambane, East Africa. "Storms and heavy discouraged ih the absence of effective rains have continued through more ~ supervision."

than twelve weeks. There will be no crops and thousands of people will be "New Africans" compelled to live on leaves, roots and ",THIS huge in~ustrial. center of herbs, such as they will be able to find Johannesburg IS a mIghty force in the forests. in the transition of the olacks from the "The great hope for the evangeliza- simple communal life of the tribe to tion of Africa lies in the children. As the individualism of modern times,"

we bring the message of repentance writes Dr. F. B. Bridgman in the Mis- and salvation to crowds of heathen sionary Herald. "How to help them people, or even now and again to in- make readjustment to the new order is dividuals, we often find the older peo- a problem as fascinating as it is diffi- ple saying, 'I am too old now. I cult. Under native custom, marriage couldn't change my life, for I am so is a tedious, round-about, go-between accustomed to heathen practices.' But affair-months of negotiations as to even when we fail to win the older the cattle to be paid, and then years people, we usually find them not only to find the cattle before you get the willing but anxious for us to take girl. Think of the shocking directness their children and teach them the 'Way of this 'ad' bya young Zulu, in the to believe.' And that is just what we last native paper on my desk. I copy are trying to do. Hundreds of such the wording, which is in English: children are now in our schools, mostly " 'WANTED-Smart, respectable, in the out-stations. In a short time attractive young Lady to correspond they go about as far as the native with a gentleman in good situation teacher _can carry them, and they are (flO monthly), very good home.

now clamoring for something more View, Matrimony. Please write for than our present equipment affords." his photo with strict confidence to "Chef," P. O. Box 1624, Johannes~ " W War Time in Nyasaland burg. Applicants must not be over E doubt whether it is in the nineteen years of age.'

power of anyone at home," "How's that for the new native!

says the quarterly Tidings of the Eng- And now, in this morning's paper, lish Industrial Mission in Nyasaland, prominence is given to a native boy- "to measure the demands upon the cott of certain stores in a large section European and the native populations of the Rand. The boycott is well or- of Nyasaland which have been made ganized, with pickets posted about all by the war. In newspapers lately re- the tabooed shops."

ceived from Africa it is stated that no less than 167,000 natives have been ISLANDS OF THE SEA called up for the transport service, and Films of the Philippines though the whole of these have not SUNDAY-SCHOOL life in the been taken from Nyasaland, we have Philippines is being brought vivid- to face the fact that many of our tIlest ly before home audiences by some fine reliable native helpers have gon~"'- in moving pictures whic;:h have recently addition to the white missionaries, wno been taken by Rev. Jf L. McLaughlin, are being held in -government serviee: Sunday-school Secretary for the Phil

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ippines, representing the World's Sun': Testament in 1914. It was not an easy day School Association. The first film task, for the Japanese type-setters did shows the large city school, and the not know a word: of Tagalog, and country "barrio" Sunday-school. made thousands of mistakes both in Teachers are pictured as they leave the print and in the references; and it the morning church service and then took steady reading of proof, eight proceed to some outlying station to hours a day for six months, to finish. conduct a Sunday-school. They take with them the needed lesson supplies, A Pioneer Japan Missionary as well as the baby organ. The large O N July 4th Miss Julia N. Crosby adult Bible class in Manila is seen as died at the age of eighty-five in the members marched out at the close Yokohama, Japan. She was one of of their session on the day when 717 the first of the women missionaries to were present. The class began with that country, being associated with the but twenty and after calling them- Hepburns, Ballaghs and other workers selves "We Brothers of 99" started to of the pioneer days. She was the oldgrow. One of the thrilling parts of est lady missionary living on the field. the film is when the audience sees the special train of Sunday"school dele- Miss Crosby, with two associates, gates on their way to the great con-; Mrs. Samuel Pruyn and Mrs. Louise vention in Manila. Sunday-school pa- H. Pierson, both widows, arrived in rades are shown, as well as games of Japan in July, 1871, under the austhe children and many native scenes. pices of the Woman's Union Mission- That film closes with a .fascinating ary Society of America. A day-school "Thank you" by a little Filipino girl, for girls under another mission had who is expressing appreciation for all been started, but these ladies opened the help given by the Sunday-school the first Girls' Boarding School in the friends in America. Empire. This boarding-school, now known as Doremus School, is located Difficulties in the Tagalog Bible at 212 Bluff, Yokohama. For many years Miss Crosby was superintendent GIVING the Word of God to any of the Japan work. people for the first time in their own tongue always means a great OBITUARY NOTES deal of painstaking work. For in- Harvey C. Olin stance, it took almost unlimited patience to put the English Bible into HARVEY C. OLIN, for twenty- Tagalog for the Filipinos. There are one years treasurer of the Presmany words in English and Spanish which have no equivalents in the dia- byterian Board of Home Missions, ·lects spoken in the Philippines, and died July 3rd, in the Lakeside Hoswhen dialect fails, the translator is pital of Chicago, aged 65. Mr. Olin, compelled to substitute Spanish or who had been ill for nearly two years, went last year to Chicago, to be under English words. Also, the lack of uni- the care of a medical friend in Lakeformity in the meaning of words is a side Hospital. In a memorial meeting big obstacle. In Tagalog a word that of the Home Board, July 5th, the means "blue" in one town, in the next speakers mentioned particularly Mr. village will mean "gray." The word Olin's great sympathy with the mismeaning "cup" will also be misunder- sionary on the field. A well known stood as "jar" or as "jug." "Pro- worker among the Indians and another phet" may be totally misul1derstood as worker in Alaska spoke of his ready such five miles away, and will there response to every call. To an offi~e associate he frequently remarked 1ll mean "wizard" or "fortune teller." The American Bible Society decided discussing home mission problems, to revise its edition in 1911, completing "We must look at it from the mission- the task by the revision of the Old ary's standpoint."

_TIm MISSIONARY Ll/lEllMID(_

~ – . , lib'bii"""'iib'U"~"iririi"'" II ova'" 'UVG"'; The Gospel in a Working World. By relation of wages to prices and to prof- Prof. Harry P. Ward. IlIustrat.ed, 12mo, 260 pp. Missionary EducatIon its? Other sub j e c t s discussed are Movement, New York, 1918. "Strikes-the War of Lacbor Against This is the leading Home Mission Capital;" "Master and Man," or the study book for the year. It is filled relation of employe and employer; with facts and incidents bearing upon "Men and Things," or relative values the relation of labor to capital and laboring classes to the Church. The of the laborer and his product. Prof. Ward is inclined to emphasize subject is worthy of thoughtful and the prime importance of social Chrisprayerful study and there are many tianity, but he rightly holds that the labor problems that the Church has Church and Christians are accountable never seriously undertaken to solve.. for their attitude toward laboring Prof. Ward does not propose a remedy for our social ills,. but he poi~ts classes and the conditions that make Christian living difficult, if not imposout some lines on whIch the Chns- sible. He looks upon this territory in tian Church should build a constructive program. He begins his st,ud~ by industrial fields as new territory for •Home Mission work. Ministers and an argument in favor of a man s right Christians of all Classes have clearly a to live-the dangerous employments, responsibility for the solution of these occupational diseases, preventive measures remedies and compensation. labor problems. If they fearlessly es- Prof. Ward next studies the "day's pouse the cause of justice and mercy, work" and shows the unfairness of child labor, long hours and exce.ssive they will have greater influence in leading men to the God of all justice fatigue or unhealthful surround1l1gs; and mercy. . the effect of over-worked parents on the home and on children, born and Prof. Ward's study book challenges unborn. "Continued excessive labor the attention of Christian people. results in general moral degeneration. They may not accept all his state- ments as indicative of prevailing con- The sex instinct is -coarsened and de- ditions, and may question some of his praved," and the thirst for ~ntox}cants conclusions, but his facts must lead increases. The lowest gratification of us to consider anew our responsibility the forms of· animal appetites is the for present conditions and lead us to pleasure to which worn-out workers seek a remedy.

turn. They cannot enjoy intellectual Underwood of Korea. By His Wife.. Iland spiritual recreation-therefore lustrated, 8vo, 350 pp. $1.50 net. Flemthe Church has no real hold on them ing H. Revell Co., New York, 1918.

and no opportunity to train them. Horace G. Underwood was one of What can be expected from the em- the pioneer missionaries who "made ployes in 491 stores in Chicago where Korea famous." He went to the women frequently work 70 hours a "Land of Morning Calm" in 1885 as a missionary of the American week? The third topic under discussion Presbyterian Church. For over thirty is "The Pay Envelope." The wage years he labored there-itinerating, problem has always been present with teaching, translating, f 0 u n din g us and no doubt always will be. How churches and schools, and finally be- much must a man have to keep in fore his death seeing the inauguration health and support a family? How of two desires of his heart-a Union much must a girl or woman be paid to Bible School and a Union Christian support herself without making pov- College.

~rty a temptation to sin? What is the • The life of Dr. Underwood in Korea was full of thrilling incidents. He Sun. The bibliography is very comwas there and was in intimate touch plete and opens the way to further with the court during the China- study. Japan war, the establishment of the Japanese protectorate, and the Russo- Armema-A Martyr Nation. By M. C. Japanese war. He sawall the great Gabrie1ian. Illustrated, 8vo, 352 pp. political, social and religious changes $1.75 :let. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1918. take place and helped to develop the Christian Church from nothing to a The history of Armenia for the last remarkable body of self-supporting, 100 years has been one of massacre. evangelizing Christians. The tragic story is here told by a Mrs. Underwood's description of member of the martyr race who was her husband's character and career is Medaurc?aotvedan,ininthPerinAcmeteornicaTnheoMloisgsii~oani full of human interest-not an idealis- Semmary and Jefferson Medical Coltic sketch, but with facts that show lege, Philadelphia. The book comboth strength and weakness. His bines a description of Armenia, a his- British ancestors passed on to him a tory of the Armenian people and their goodly heritage and his early training religion, the political situation in Turfitted him for the mission field. At key, the story of Protestant Missions the age of four Horace Underwood among Armenians, the massacres of resolved to become a missionary. 1821-7, 1843, 1860, 1877, 1893 to '95, After his seminary course, at New 1908 and 1915 and '16, and the relief work conducted by Americans, Brit- Brunswick, N. J., he decided to go to ish and Russians.

India, but when Korea was opened While not as discriminating as up to the Gospel a student's paper on some other volumes by those able to the "Hennit Kingdom" turned him to write more dispassionately, this is the that field. most complete history of "the Arme- nians that has appeared. The author The story of Dr. Underwood's life is naturally bitterly anti-Turkish and in Korea is of intense interest and overlooks many of the faults of his worthy of careful reading. The trials people, but no civilized man or woman of pio!1eering; the methods by which can r~ad th!s story ?f hardship and success was attained; the opportuni- suffenng Without being moved with ties offered by royal favor; the diffi- indignation at Turkish cruelty and culties due to political complications; European diplomacy. The time has the foundation-laying in Bible work come to end Turkish misrule and to and education-all reveal missionary rehabilitate Armenia. life and the secret of success in Korea. In this biography we see the best side The Fulfilment of a Dream of Pastor of the hero's character and discover Hsi. By A. Mildred Cable. I11ustrated, what one consecrated missionary can 12mo, 268 pp. 5s net. Morgan & Scott, accomplish. London, 1918.

The Development of Japan. By Kenneth Pastor Hsi, the Chinese scholar and S. Latourelle. 8vo, 237 pp. $1.50. The opium smoker who became a Chris- Macmillan Co., New York, 1918. tian, has become known to many through his life-story written by Mrs. This concise history of Japan re- Howard Taylor. His dream showed cords the progress from the earliest him a tree, cut down but sprouting times until 1917-from the age of again and becoming stronger than obscurity, through various stages of before. The tree was the H wochow transition and struggle to the emer- Church, the story of which is here gence of the nation as a world power told with many charming and intiand the leading people of Asia. It is mate touches which reveal the inner chiefly valuable as a record of out- side of missionary life and prove the working of God's power in restanding facts relating to the political progress of the empire of the Rising mote places. Pastor Hsi died in 1896; connection with the Quadricentennial four years later came the Boxer up- Celebration. It deals chiefly with the rising, when Hwochow missionaries events of the sixteenth century, reviewwere murdered, but the native Chris- ing especially the political and religious tians were marvellously preserved. movements, Luther's life, and gives The story that follows is well worth brief acocunts of other reformations. a prominent place in missionary history. The Holy Scriptures. ANew <Jewish) Translation. 8vo. 1136 pp. Jewish Honey Bun, Others and Us. By Irene Publication Society, Philadelphia, 1917. H. Barnes. 8vo. Illustrated.' 1s 6d net. Church Missionary Society, Lon- This Old Testament translation is don, 1917.. interesting because it is Jewish. The translators have taken advantage of Missionary play books for little Protestant scholarship and generally children are not many. This one is a follow the revised version. bright, readable story of a bear, an elephant, a monkey and a tiger. It The Jewish translators have in some has patterns for cutouts and ideas for cases shown an apparent wish to making useful things. Between the lines avoid interpretations which support it is a real live missionary story. Christian clainis.

Home and Foreign Fields. The Mission- In Psalm ii, 12, the passage, "Kiss ary Journal of the Southern Baptist the Son lest he be angry," etc., is ren- Convention. Edited by G. S. Dobbins. dered, "Do homage in purity lest he SO cents a year, Nashville, Tenn. be angry and ye perish in the way."

This- is one of the most attractive of In Isaiah vii, 14, the new version the denominational periodicals. It is a changes "a virgin" to "the young great improvement on the ancient For- woman." The Messianic names in ei_qn Mission Journal and The Home Isaiah ix-xv are simply transliterated Field. With fine illustrations, large "And his name is called Pele-joez-elpages, good type, readable articles and gibbor-Abi-ad-sar-shalom." A footup-to-date news, it sets an excellent standard for religious periodicals. note applies the titles of the Messiah to God. "They shall look upon me Heroes of the Campus. By Joseph W. whom they have pierced" of Zechariah Cochran. 12mo. 167 pp. 60 cents is translated: "They shall look unto net. Presbyterian Board of Publica- tion, Phil a., Pa., 1917. me because they have thrust him through." Then a footnote gives, These live stories of live Christian "That is, the nations." young men will· be an inspiration to any boy or young man. They in- Standard Missionary Picture Roll. For clude stories of Pitkin, the martyr; Kui Home and Foreign Missionary Instruc- Takahashi, the Japanese football star; tion in the Bible School. Edited by Arthur Jackson, ,Ie physician; William Sue Reynolds Staley. 3 feet by 2 feet -V. Borden, the millionaire. These life 4 inches. $1.00. Published by the stories are good reading and furnish Standard Publishing Co., Cincinnati, many powerful illustrations for sermons Ohio, 1918. to young people. Eye-gate is an important entrance Protest and Progress. By Carolus P. to Man-Soul. This large colored Harry. 12mo; Illustrated. 162 pp. picture roll opens the gate immediate- 50 cents, c)oth; 30 cents, paper. 1917. ly to facts relating to Home and Foreign Missions. The pictures are This book has b.e~n prepared for attractive and clear. The facts are use in classes, particularly Lutheran, well chosen-and forcefully put. Hang studying the Protestant Reformation in thy roll in the Sunday School or yopng peoples room and it will preach silently, continuoQsly and' effeotively.

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1914

BILLINGS

Clues to the Contents THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE VJORLD, APRIL, 1914 TYENTY QUESTIONS ANSWERED IN THIS NUMBER PREPARED BY MRS. F. M. GILBERT, BROOKLYN, N. Y.

1. Vhy did an angry woman in India tear the carriage-doors off their hinges?

2. 'What did Dr. Somerville call the best prayer-book in the world? 3. What traveler sent a postal-card that a Boston policeman wanted to have framed and hung in his room? 4. 'Then was a red handkerchief wound in a man's turban like the scarlet cord hung from Rahab's window in Jericho? 5. 'What is the significance of the House of Service in Bombay? 6. When was a special government cruiser used to take delegates to a Christian student convention? 7. What was the reply of the woman in India when asked why she was measuring her length in the dust? 8. How many graduates of Japanese Government colleges have gone into Christian work? 9. How many members are enrolled in the Chinese Student Vo!tm- teer Movement? 10. Why could not the servant maid be trusted to dust the library? 11. iVhen did a page from a hymn-book save the possessor from being shot as a spy in Mexico? 12. Nhy did some village mayors commit to memory the story of the life of Christ? 13. In the Hindu Congress what vote was passed in reference to the Untouchables? 14. What would be the population of the United States of America if it were as densely populated as China? IS. In what non-Christian country is' paid newspaper advertising being used to spread the Gospel? 16. What is done in Nigeria with a person who has been struck by lightning? I7. What effect did the arrival of a baby have on cannibals? 18. Where do Christians not only have the habit of asking a blessing before eating, but also regularly offer prayers before start- ing out to work? 19. What interesting object was found under the basket on a heap of ashes in India? 20. In what ceremony of initiation did they use a Koran, a Bible, and a revolver?

~"",".WfliIlWl1lll1il~,Jl1 Born in Boston, December 12, 1842. Died in Shanghai, January 29, 1914 President of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions; Chairman of tlle Executive Committee of the Laymen's IVlissionary Movemetnt; President of the Congregational Sund.y-School and Publishing Society; President of the Board of Trustees of Wellesley College; President of the Massa- chusetts Peace Society, etc., etc., etc.

Missionary

® of the World ~ Vol. XXXVII, NO.4 APRIL, 1914 Vol. XXVII, NO.4 Old Series New Series Signs of the' Times THEMASS MOVEMENTS IN INDIA induce them to accept Christ; for it readiness of low-caste or out- is seriously alleged that 15,000,000 caste peoples in India to enroll people among India's lower classes as Christian catechumens must not are practically certain to come into be understood always to mean an in.,. the Church as soon as they are telligent acceptance of Christ as Lord invited. And many are pressing and Savior. It is often due to a desirl! for the privilege, Missionaries reto escape from the evils of their low- port that they are being constantly caste condition. This desire is, how,,, beset by in,vitations from all direcever, a God-given opportunity to tions to go out into the country vilgive them the Gospel. The extent of lages and baptize the people. The this movement Christward is shown btrongest center of this movement is by an investigation made recently by in the neighborhood of Delhi, where The Indian Witness (Calcutta) iu 350,000 people are ready to embrace the seven large geographical areas Christianity. But there are also where so-called mass movements of almost equal phenomenal trends of the lower classes toward Christianity the same nature in the Punjab and· have been observed. In all these sec- Central Provinces, and in Baroda. tions, large as they are, The Witness found only 20 foreign missionaries A CONFERENCE OF VIUAG£ at work. Yet within these areas and MAYORS IN INDIA under such necessarily restricted instruction, 140,000 people have been AMERICA and England have spebaptized in the last few years. But this number, large as it is, bears no cial meetings for street-car concomparison to The Witness's stag- ductors, for policemen, for business gering estimate of the numbers who men and others, but in India a speare ready to come and really await mal BiblE; conference has been held nothing more than the invitation to for the mayors, or head men, of vil- . lages, who have become interested in Christianity, It was expected that The editors seek 10 preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REvn:w, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions e~rest, nor for positions taken by con· tributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS. possibly 50 or 60 might attend, but among the Yoruba people. On a re- to the astonishment of the mission- cent tour in one of the inland dis- aries, more than 200 presented them- tricts the Government officer in selves for ins"truction. They were charge remarked that before long the accompanied by their wives and chil- whole district would be Christian.

dren, and remained in attendance Statistics bear out this statement.

about two weeks. Part of the time Certain it is that heathenism is was devoted to study of the life and doomed. In many villages the teachings of Christ, and part to the church, in others the mosque. is tak- discussion of village problems, in- ing the place of the idol groves. In cluding idolatry and superstitious the next decade or two the question customs. will be settled whether the Cross or The great temptation to the aver- the Crescent, Christ or Mohammed, age village Christian in India has is to be in possession of this country.

been participation in heathen birth- Jf the Christian Church· is only day rites, heathen wedding cere- sufficiently alive she will win the monies, and special feast-day cele- people for her Master. In any case brations. After much prayerful there can be no doubt of the wide- consideration, it was decided by the spread movement toward Christian- assembled mayors that as these cus- ity at the present time.

toms are opposed to the teachings of "At a recent meeting of the gov- Jesus, they must be banished from erning body of the mission we had community life at any cost. There- before us 50 urgent claims for teach- fore they pledged themselves to use ers for important places where there their best efforts to abolish them. were already considerable congrega- • This effort will have far-reaching tions, and our supply for the year consequences because these 200 vil- from our training institutions was lage mayors preside over a popula- only l5!

tion of fully 40,000 people among Give us sufficient missionaries, help the deprest classes. Those who were us to train sufficient teachers, and unable to read memorized the story we may be able so to seize the oppor- of Christ's life in order that they tunity that a strong and living might tell it and apply its teachings Church may be the outcome of the to the life of their villagers. Such present movement, and this will conferences may be greatly used in affect the whole of West Africa."

the development of Christianity in WOMEN UNITE IN MISSIONARY India. EFFORT A MASS MOVEMENT IN NIGERIA T HE women's boards of missions T HE mass movements to Chris- are leading the way in the cause tianity which have been so strik- of Church unity, for while the ing a feature of missionary work in churches are still mainly discussing India, are being reproduced in other unity, they have formed, quietly and countries, for a writer in the Church almost unknown to the public, a union Missionary Review tells of a similar called the Federation of Women's movement in Southern Nigeria, Boards of Foreign Missions of the

OF THE TIMES

United States, composed of represen- blanks, for many Home Mission sot2.tives of I7 denominational boards cieties do not know the facts about and the National Board of Young their own fields, and others are un- 'Nomen's Christian Associations. willing to make public the fads they have. This work of the committee, There are four Territorial Com- however, is a step in advance, and missions connected with the Federa- we expect that in a few years the 11on, with headquarters at New York, work of Home Mission Boards will Chicago, Nashville, San Francisco. be coordinated, studied, and systema- There is also a General Advisory tized so as to bring it up to the same Commission, with headquarters at standard of efficiency as that of For- New York. The object of the Fed- eign Missions. The really scientific, eration is to promote unity, Chris- united study of Horne Missionary tian fellowship and cooperation problems and progress has only just among women's boards; to encourage begun. In Foreign Missions such and disseminate the best methods of study began some twenty-five years work, and to unitedly plead for the outpouring of the Spirit of God upon ago. the Church of Christ. In the present statistical report, the The Boards of Home Missions have work of thirty-eight Home Missionfollowed much the same lines. Be- ary organizations are more or less ginning with the publication of fully reported. They show a total of united study books, then holding $IO,6S3,II9 appropriated for work in summer schools of missions, they America, through the Home Mission organized in I908 the Council of Boards. Of this amount only $1,046,- Women for Home Missions. 335 is for general evangelism. The totals given are as follows: THE HOME MISSIONARY For Support of Mission STATISTICS Churches ……….. $3.116.242.98 T HE Home Missions Council, com- " Church and Parsonage Buildings ……….. 614,988.99 posed of representatives of the various Boards operating in America, " General Evangelism .. 1,046,335.07 has already achieved much in the in- " Work Among Immiterests of harmony, cooperation, and progress in North American mis- grants …………. . 445,326.91 sions. Their committee on the sur- " American Indians …. . 256,115.88 vey and occupation of the field have " Mountaineers …….. . 221,878.04 presented a preliminary report, and " the Negroes ……… . 403,611.11 it is hoped that the result will be a " Other Dependent readjustment of workers in oversupplied and in neglected territory. Peoples ………… . 253,168.50 " Alaska …………… . 105,392.60 The Committee on Statistics has " Cuba and Porto Rico .. 255,592.90 also collected the first comprehensive ," Sunday-school Missions ~7,133.66 set of Home Mission statistics that .. Maintenance of Mission have ever been gathered for the united States. As might be expected, these Schools ………… . 1,085,207.31 are still incomplete, having many .. Publication Work …. . 446,067.39 " Specials ………….. . 593,637.36 The Presbyterian Board of Home Missions reports the largest budget- amounting to $1.475.853.81, while the

Methodist Episcopal Board (North) cd, churchless people, and some negcomes second with $1,000,715.92, and lected areas, but in proportion to the the American Christian Missionary money spent on the remainder of the Society third with $881,180.14. In non-Christian world the amount cost of administration the Methodists spent for Christian work in the Uni- (North) stand first, $65,316.42 (631;l ted States is not small. per cent.); the Protestant Episcopal Church, second, $57.477.00 (includ- There is still great need for coing foreign administration expenses) ; operation and an earnest study of and the Presbyterians are third- Home Mission problems. A clearing $54,033-49 (3% per cent.). house for information on the sub- ject is needed, and an executive com- No record is given of the number mittee from all the Boards could of missionaries, churches, or schools make a valuable presentation of the supported, or of the number of com- present weaknesses and needs of the municants or conversions. If these fig- Home Missionary situation. ures could be obtained they would make an interesting study. From the UNITED HOME MISSION EFFORT financial statement little can be learned in regard to efficiency. We UTAH presents a unique field, in note, however, that the Baptist Home that it is the home of "Islam in Mission Society makes the largest appropriation from its budget for America"-the organization s elf – education; the Methodists and the termed the "Latter-Day Saints," but American Christian Missionary So- not so recognized by others. Utah ciety for church sustentation; the has, therefore, been one of the most Presbyterians (North) for evangel- difficult of the Home Mission fields ism and education, and the Protestant and presents an unusually strong Episcopal Church for "specials." challenge to all evangelical Chris- tians to win this mountain stronghold In work for special classes the for Christ. Presbyterians (North) spend most on the immigrants, Alaska, and Indians; On February 9th and 10th an imthe Methodist Women's Home Mis- portant conference was held in Salt sionary Society for the mountaineers; Lake City between representatives of the United Presbyterians for the ne- the various Protestant churches of groes; the Protestant E pis cop a 1 Utah and a deputation frol11 the Church for Cuba and for publication Home Missions Council. The purwork. pose was to consider united plans for the advancement of vital Christianity There is, no doubt, much more in Utah. Papers were read by money snent on Home Missions than Bishop Spalding, of the Protestant is here reported. Over half of the Episcopal Church; by Rev. P. A. Boards did not respond to the re- Simpkin, of the Congregational quest for figures. City Missions also Church; by Dr. Bowennan, of the demand a large amount, and the ex- Baptist Church, and others. It was penses of self-supporting churches pointed out that public school educaare estimated to reach over $275,- tion is making rapid advance in 000,000. America has many neglect- Utah, and that Mormons also have their own academics and colleges.

As a result, there is not a great need The flrst part translated and pub- for Protestant missions to conduct lished comprises the epistles to the schools for secular education, except Thessalonians, and the text of West- for the sake of offering distinctively cott and Hart has been made the Christian training. general basis of the translation. In There is need for progress and re- the critical notes appended various adjustment among th~ various de- Protestant scholars are mentioned, nominations in their church work. and the editors frankly declare:· "The The whole field should be surveyed great advances made in textual criti- by a representative body, in order cism, the light thrown upon New that any towns or fields comparative- Testament Greek by the Egyptian ly over-supplied with Protestant papyri, and the existence of many churches may reach a union agree- needless· obscurities and faults in the ment, and that the unoccupied or current version [the Douai], all de- poorly manned fields may be sup- mand a more accurate translation, if plied. Steps were taken at the Con- the exhortations of the Holy See to a ference to organize a State Federa- more frequent and fruitful perusal of tion of "1orkers, with a representa- the sacred writings are to meet with tive council. This Federation is to general acceptance."

hold a two-weeks' institute each year T to bring together pastors and other SLAVERY A LIVE ISSUE STILL workers to study the problems before HERE is still much to be done to them. Let other States follow with drive slavery out of Africa, but some such plan for united study of the statement of the Echo de Paris their field and aggressive cooperative that the French have done away with effort. the slave markets in Morocco means that the first step has been taken CATHOLICS TRANSLATING THE toward the abolition of slavery in BIBLE that country. Something over 3,000 slaves, it is estimated, are imported I T is significant that in these days .of world-wide distribution and into Morocco every year, most of study of the Bible, the Roman Catho- them being brought by the terrible lic Church should also have a move- desert routes from Equatoria and the ment toward a more accurate knowl- Sudan, the trails of the slave cara- edge of it. The Douai version, which, vans being marked by the bleaching according to the canon law, must be bones of the thousands.

used whenever the gospels or epistles In England an important memorial are read in the church service, was has been presented to Premier As- based on the Latin Vulgate in 1610, quith, in which the Government was and reproduces its faults. Two at- urged to take some action to sup- tempts have been made within the press the alleged slavery. This was last hundred years to produce trans- signed by such notable men as Lord lations from the original Greek, and Cromer, Lord Curzon, and James noW two English Jesuits have under- Bryce. The Committee of the Anti- taken a translation which has the Slavery and Aborigines Protective Papal approbation. Society has decided to take imme- THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD diate steps with the object of creat- practise. The evangelical Christians ing a sister organization in America are in the supremacy, and those of to cooperate with the English society different denominations are uniting to in watching all matters in which evangelize France on spiritual lines. joint Anglo-American action might They rely not on mental argument but be desirable. The officials of the on the power of the Holy Spirit. English society say it is admitted that "Free thinking" is losing ground in slave owning, slave trading, and the country at large, especially great cruelty to native races are among educated classes, and the rewidely prevalent throughout the ligious spirit is returning. If French tropical regions of South America Protestant Christians can be thorand Mexico, but the trouble is that oughly awakened, there may be ex- Great Britain can not act without pected a movement of the masses appearing to menace the Monroe toward full surre'nder to the claims of Doctrine, while, on the other hand, Jesus Christ. Pray for France. Washington apparently hesitates to act alone for fear of creating a feel- MISSIONS IN THE CURRICULUM ing of resentment throughout South America. The Latin republics are W HAT would men with a worldaware of this dilemma, and are playing off Great Britain against Amer- wide vision have thought fifty, ica, so as to block reforms. Hence, or even twenty-five years ago, if it is said, the only solution is joint they had been told that to-day uni- Anglo-American action. v e r sit i e s would be establishing "chairs of missions" and comparative SPIRITUAL LIFE IN FRANCE religion? It is an impre sive sign of the increasing acknowledgment of the FRANCE, the land so intimately importance of missions and mission associated with infidelity and im- study that Teachers' College of Columbia University in New York purity, is also the land of the Hugue~ City has recently established such a nots and other devoted followers of chair. To this position has been Christ. Among French Protestants, called Dr. T. H. P. Sailer, honorary who were so long fettered by State educational secretary of the Presbycontrol, there are to-day many signs terian Board of Foreign Missions. of a deepening of spiritual life. Pastor The aim of this new department will Ruben Saillens writes that the sepa- be to give special preparation to ration of Church and State, with its young people who plan to become attendant loss of financial support to teachers on the foreign mission the Church, has brought new power fields. with the necessity of self-support. The greatest enemies to-day are within The next step should be the inthe Church itself. Those who hold to troduction of mission study courses rationalistic criticism of the Bible and in all our denominational colleges and modern views of Christ and the atone- theological seminaries. Drew Theoment are contending for supremacy logical Seminary has recently called with those who take Christ and the Prof. E. D. Soper, of Ohio Wesleyan Bible as their standards for fajth and College, to their newly established chair of missions.

CC1Uest we~ QHALL not this Dialrram remind us of

I t ,,~~ WORLD'S NEED and the OPPORTU N ITV orget. Lfthe BIBLE SOCIETIES ve us to meet it.

LANGUAGES TRANSLATED .. -. -.. … … … 500 I AND DIALECTS AWAITING TRANSLATION … … … 1,000 ~ Every day may make or mar tbe future of great peoples. tOOl

S. B. CAPEN AND THE AMERICAN BOARD CENTENARY COM;f1SSION AND STANDJNG COMMITTEE OF BOMBAY

Standing, at left: Rev. R. A. Hume, D.D., and his son, R. E. Hume. Seated, f rom left to right: Miss Bridgman, Miss Hall, Rev. G. A. H~lIl Mrs, Ball, Pre.ident Capen, Nrs , Cap~n, lIiiss Cilpell, lIii§s j3.oQmgn, pr, W, /,;, Stropg, I'! irq,!l, gl right; R~y, Willi.!!] Hll<e!];

B. CAPEN AT SIXTEEN, HIS BROTHER AND

Samuei Capen stands to the left. His brother died after serving in the Army. The fae… of the parents show their refinement and Christian character A Christian .Layman with Power A SKETCH OF THE LIFE AND WORK OF SAMUEL B. CAPEN BY REV. JAMES L. BARTON, D.D., BOSTO N , MASS.

AMUEL BILLINGS ton City Missionary Society, and of the United Society of Christian Endeavor. mS CAPEN. born in Bos- He was one of the prime movers in mu- ton, Mass., December nicipal reform, represented by the Bos- 12, 1842, ah i died in ton Municipal League, of which he was Shanghai, China, Jan- an officer. He was a member of the uary 29, 1914. Educa- Boston School Committee, and for one year was chairman of the Board. A ted in the Quincy member and an officer in the Boston Chamber of Commerce, and a member Grammar and the English High Schools of the Board of Managers of its North American Civic League for Immigrants, of Boston, he began his business career and a leading member of the Watch and Ward Society. At the time of his death in 1859 as a clerk in a carpet firm, which he was president of the Board of Trus- tees of Wellesley College; chairman {If he helped to reorganize as a partner in the Executive Committee, as well as charter member, of the Laymen's Mis- 1864. In this firm of Torrey, Bright. sionary Movement; president of the Massachusetts Peace Society, and a trusand Capen he remained active until five tee of the World Peace Foundation; years ago, when he retired, that he might give his entire time to re- ligious and philanthropic work. He held many and diversified positions of influence. He was president of the Congregational Sunday-school and Pub- lishing Society, director of the American Congregational Association, of the Bos-

president of the Massachusetts Bible to a great number associated with Society; and also president of the Amer- him in a variety of enterprises, a ican Board of Commissioners for For- sense of personal bereavement, and eign Missions, to which position he was this feeling is not confined to the elected in 1899. communion of which he was a con- spicuous member, but extends to a In September of last year he started far wider circle, among all com- for India at the head of a commission munions. We know that the es- to represent the American Board at the teem, honor, and even affection, in centenary services commemorating a which he was held, was not because hundred years of American Missions in of any official position in state or India, and also to speak for the World nation, or for any books that he had Peace Foundation. He attended the written, for unusual administrative commemorative services held in Bombay ability exercised in connection with and also in Ahmednagar, during the first some institution or institutions, for half of November, giving addresses of any great measures inaugurated, or striking force and significance upon each for any display of conspicuous abil- occasion. He then spent one and a half ity or brilliancy. months in inspecting mission work in India and Ceylon and in giving ad- Dr. Capen was a layman in the dresses, sailing for the farther East from church, and an unofficial citizen in Colombo, Ceylon, on December 28th. After his own city and State, but one al- brief stops at Canton and Fuchau, he ways ready, even eager, to contrib- reached Shanghai late in January. He ute, to the extent of his capacity, to was accompanied upon this journey by the welfare of all, and to give him- Mrs. Capen and their only daughter, also self for the success of every worthy by Dr. William E. Strong, editorial sec- enterprise having as its end the pro- retary, and Rev. George A. Hall, a memo tection of the opprest, the elevation ber of the Prudential Committee of tlF and Christianization of society, and American Board. On the 26th of Jan- the consummation of the Kingdom uary he became ill of pneumonia, and of God on earth. He regarded his on the 29th he was not, for God had position as teacher in the Sunday- taken him. The body was cremated at school of his home church as equally. . Shanghai. in;portant work as the performan~e of his duties as chairman of the After hearing Dr. Capen's addresses, Executive Committee of the Lay- and meeting him personally, the na- men's Missionary Movement and as tives of India, both Christian and president of the American Board of Hindu, were astonished to know that Commissioners for Foreign Missions. he was not a clergyman. Why a lay- To each task he gave his best. Here- man should leave his home and his in lies the secret of the general sense business and travel around the world of loss when it was known that his upon such a mission, was beyond pIace in these varied organizations their comprehension. This attitude and interests had become vacant, and of mind can be more readily under- the reason why the great number of stood when we know that his ad- those closely associated with him dress, delivered before the great cen- were conscious that they had lost not tenary gathering at Bombay, met to celebrate one hundred years of American missions in India, was upon the subject, "The Cross of Christ."

The news of his death has given

A CHRISTIAN LAYMAN WITH POWER

only a highly valued co-worker, but Every gathering, society, and com- a real personal friend. mittee was glad to see Mr. Capen It is too early to give an adequate come in; he brought cheer and op- Cbtimate of the character and life of timism and courage.

this Christian layman, who, tho de- (2) He wa:s able to harmonize prived of what we are accustomed to discordant elements. Perhaps in this call a liberal education, had been faculty lies one of the secrets of the honored by three well-known col- desire of so many organizations to leges with university degrees, who have him on the board. Perhaps the displayed marked qualities of leader- earliest, and one of the most con- ship, entered into a wide variety of spicuous, illustrations of this ability activities, touched many vital inter- was his influence on the Boston ests in city and State, and was closely School Board, which position he held related to so many benevolent and for five years, at a critical time in its religions organizations affecting di- history. Politics, and perhaps some- rectly the betterment of society and thing worse, had got into the Board, the triumph of the Church. and reforms were necessary to save We will consider a few of the out- the school system of Boston. The s tan din g characteristics of Dr. Board itself was made up of a num- Capen, each one of which has con- ber of inharmonious and contending tributed materially to his conspicuous elements. To this body Mr. Capen success as a Christian layman and was elected, and here he had one of leader. his first severe schoolings, testing (I) He was invariably cordial and his ability to the utmost, to unite courteous. No one ever saw Mr. warring forces and make them act Capen crabbed and out-of-sorts. He together for the best interests of the was always full of good nature, the city. He succeeded even beyond his embodiment of kindness and thought- own expectations. He Was later fulness to all. This temper and elected chairman of the Board, and spirit was equally manifest in all to the end of his official service his circles and to all classes. A young committee was with him. This fac- man who had come up from the mes- ulty, developed under those early try- senger service told the writer that he ing circumstances, he carried with always was delighted to have a mes- him into every committee and every sage to carry to Mr. Capen, jecause organization of which he became a he never failed to get from him a member.

word of comfort and cheer and en- (3) His interests and sympathies <:ouragement. This good-nature had were world-wide. This statement is become a part of his character and abundantly revealed by the variety of temperament; it was as natural to objects to which he gave himself. In him as to breathe. He was fond of his local church he was one of the a good story, and knew well how to most earnest and conspicuous work- tell one. He was· slow to criticize ers. His interest in the Indian anyone, and refrained from speak- question was manifest by his early ing evil. If he could not say a good relation to the organization having thing for a person, he: kept silent. for its object the protection of our

aborigines. His relation to the North Mr. Capen's interests and activities American Civic League for Immi- we can not but be imprest with their grants, and the articles which he variety and breadth. wrote upon that subject, revealed (4) He was most unselfish. I his deep interest in the immigration venture the statement that no one problem. His pOSltlOn upon the ever knew of his seeking any posi- School Board, to which reference has tion for himself, or of his consulting just been made, and his leadership his own personal wishes and desires in civic and political organizations before undertaking any assigned that had for their object the clean- task. The one question that he ing-up of the city and the purifying seemed to ask himself was: What of politics, showed how he threw ought to be done? And when that himself into the cause of civic order . question was definitely settled, it and righteousness. He had long never was revised or reviewed at been identified with peace propagan- the bar of, What would I like perda, attending with great regularity sonally to do? He was not afraid the arbitration conferences at Lake of the categorical imperative "ought," Mohonk; was widely recognized in and never seemed to allow any the Massachusetts Peace Society as place, in discussing his daily task, a leader, was made its honored for his personal likes and dislikes. president, and was also trustee of If he took a parlor car, it was for the World Peace Foundation. His the purpose of husbanding his interest in general education is mani- strength, that he might better accomfested by his efforts for the schools plish the object of the journey. of Boston and by his election to the The reports which have come back Board of Trustees of WeHesley Col- from his recent work as a member of lege, and, later, to the presidency the American Board Commission to of that Board. He had long been Jndia, have demonstrated the truth known in his own denomination as a of this statement. At every point, promoter and supporter of home fro111 the time he sailed until the missions, he serving for some years time of his death, he gave himself to as president on one of the home mis- others. The abandon with which he sionary boards, in which capacity he did this was a marvel to the misrendered conspicuous service. He sionaries, as well as to his associates. was equally interested in city mis- He consulted only the wishes of sions; and for the last fourteen years others and what seemed to be the he most ably filled the position of right thing to do. Had he consulted president of the American Board of more his own resources of strength, Commissioners for Foreign Missions. it is possible that he might have re- He took a prominent part in the sisted the disease that finally came Ecumenical Missionary Conference, upon him, but with his characteristic held in N ew York in I 900, and also unselfishness he had given all he had in the Edinburgh Conference, in of reserve physical power. 19IO. He thoroughly identified him- (5) He was unfailingly prompt. self with all foreign missionary in- He lost much time during his busy terests. As we survey the range of life of activity waiting for others,

A CHRISTIAN LAYMAN WITH

but other members of his boards and ence to his own addresses. I woncommittees never lost time waiting der if anybody ever knew of his for him. Those who served with robbing his successors of their time him on boards of which he was the in a program. In this characteristic, chairman soon learned that if they Dr. Capen was a splendid example, were not on time at the appointed not only to laymen, but to minisplace of meeting, they would find ters. business in progress when they arrived . It was a part of his religious (6) He was thorough in prepa:– creed to be on time. This prompt- ation. Dr. Capen did not give unness was contagious among those prepared addresses. Whenever he who were associated with him. That was to be present on an occasion where he had not been informed that DR. SAMUEL B. CAPEN'S SUMMER HOME AT FALMOUTH, MASSACHUSETTS same habit of promptness made him an address would be expected from an ideal presiding officer. Speakers him, he was usually ready in case he who attempted to exceed their time should be suddenly called upon; but limit, when a time limit had been put on all occasions when he knew that into his hands as the responsible he was to be called upon, preparation presiding officer, did so at their peril. was made with painstaking care. His It was difficult for a speaker who addresses were usually completely would steal time which belonged to written out, and often weeks in adother speakers to go very far when vance. Before going on this last the chairman' was standing at his commission, he knew that he was to side with his arm thrown over his deliver several important addresses. shoulder. It was all done in a kind- These were prepared in detail a long ly spirit, and always with an apol- time before he sailed from America, ogy, but, nevertheless, with a firm- and were carefully studied and got ness that no one felt able to resist. well in hand on the journey to India. He was equally prompt with refer- Anyone who has heard him re-

port a meeting of a committee, or This money alone, if carefully in- anything else, knows h~w thoroughly vested, would have amounted at the that report was prepared and pre- present time to many times his total sented, beginning at the beginning, assets. Probably there is no one liv- and including all the essential details, ing, except those who have access to its conclusion, in a way to make to his l11en~orancla, who knows. or those who heard fully comprehend will know, the extent of his giving. what had been done, and even to If all Christians should give with catch the atmosphere in which it was the same liherality, there would be done. His reports were so compre- no lack, at home or abroad. Some bensive that there was little to be five years ago he retired from busisaid when he had finished. He was ness in order that he might give more as careful in preparing a report as of himself to benevolent work. The ill preparing an address. These, too, 'only hesitation that he seemed to were written out and arranged in have on this point was, that if he rekgical order. Noone ever heard tired from business he would neces- Dr. Capen present a nebulous recom- sarily have less money to give for the mendation after hazy preliminary objects to which he had been giving. ~tatements. His habit of taking copious notes was of great value to (8) He was loyal to every cltuse him in making thorough preparation. he espoused. His pastor tells us that there was no more loyal member of '(7) He was liberal. Altho never his church than this man, identified a rich man, even at the time of his with so many interests outside. He death, yet there are few who had says it was difficult for him to get forme~ so thoroughly the habit of ahead of Mr. Capen in ca1ling upon giving to so wide a range of objects. new members that had come into the He lived modestly, and saved money, neighborhood, or upon those suffer- "that," as he frequently said, "he ing from some affliction. Repeatedmight give more." It has already ly the pastor would arrive to find been shown how freely he gave of that Mr. Capen had already been himself and his time to other than there. There is no committee on personal interests. And while his which he ever served, or any organigifts of money were never large- zation with which he was officially and could not be large-yet the range connected, that did not have every of them was almost as wide as reason to feel that this man Christian benevolence. Had he given was absolutely loyal to the cause. the time that he devoted to outside He was loyal to his denomieffort to the making of money, and nation, and was ready always to had he contributed on the scale fol- serve, and to serve faithfully, on any lowed by many under his circum- committee, board, or commission to stances, he might have died a mil- which he was elected; and he had lionaire. The aggregate of his bene- filled the highest positions in the gift factions ran annually, in his later of the denomination. He was loyal years, into thousands of dollars, and to the peace movement, and gave were from the beginning in practical- many addresses on that subject, even ly the same proportion to his income. on his last trip through India and

A CHRISTIAN LAyMAN WITH POWER

Ceylon, and in China; and many en- trom his home, was shown a picture gagements were awaiting him 111 of Mr. Capen. and asked if he knew North China and Japan to speak on the man. His reply was: "Know world-brotherhood. He was loyal him? Why, I had a card from him to the college of which he was presi- the other day, from Bombay, India, dent of the Board of Trustees. No which I am going to frame and hang one ever questions his profound loy- up in my home." alty to foreign missions. As soon as he was elected president of the Missionaries have written from American Board, he began to make along his route of travel in India and foreign missions his study, and iden- Ceylon, that his tireless energy was tified himself with the great cause. the marvel of everybody. He was And so if we run through the whole constantly at something. His colrange of Dr. Capen's activities we leagues spoke of his activity on board find that everywhere he was true to ship, where he seemed never to rest, every cause with which he was per- acting as if he must be about somesonally identified. He always rang thing all the time in order to accomtrue. plish what he felt should be accom- plished. The members of his family (9) He was a tireless worker. say that, sometimes, at his summer This may be considered a part of his home, he did relax, and yet those unselfishness and of his liberality and who knew him less intimately are of his loyalty; and yet it is a sub- led to wonder if even in those peject which may well stand by itself. riods he was not making plans either He was never passive. One having for addresses yet to be delivered, or much to do with him often wondered for some pending meeting at whicl; if he ever wholly relaxed. Through he was to preside. Mr. Capen, in his methodical, prompt methods, he his seventy-one years, actually lived had his days so cut out and organ- more tha~ many who have rounded ized, that by carrying out his pro- out their fourscore years and ten. gram the day's task could be done, Lut to carry out one of his programs ( 10) He was preeminently a man required a spirit of tireless energy of prayer. However much Dr. Cathat knew no respite. It was only pen's success seemed to depend upon thus that he achieved what he did the characteristics mentioned above, during his years of activity. The fact no one who knew his heart and the that on the work of the commission, inner throbbing of his life would for which took him through India and a moment hesitate to say, that these Ceylon and Southern China, he wrote were but superficial, that the real a weekly letter to his Sunday-school success was because he lived close class, which required from twelve to to God, and held constant commufifteen minutes to read, is but an in- nion with Him. Prayer was his life. dication of the tireless energy of the The morning watch was to him a man. The other day a policeman, necessity for the work of the day. who guards the crossing in front of Those who have planned with him the station in Boston, which Mr. and traveled with him know how Capen used in going and coming easy and natural it was for him to say, "Now this is a very important

matter; let us pray over it"; or, "To- and was giving him strength and morrow is going to be a most un- lifting from his heart loads thel[ usual day, with great possibilities. otherwise would have crusht. His Let us pray much to-night, that God vital breath was prayer. may lead us into it." He always acted as if he was not his own, that The life of Dr. Capen is a conhe belonged to God; and so he kept crete example of what one man, 110t close to his Leader. physically strong, not liberally edu- cated, as we use the term, may ac- Perhaps it is not known to all, complish. There is no mystery conthat, in his young manhood, he had nected with this life that is gone, and a serious illness, when friends de- that has been and is such an example spaired of his life. In a meeting of and inspiration. The only secret is young people, when personal expe- the secret of the presence of the riences were being told, Dr. Capen Holy Spirit and a complete consetold of his experience at that time, cration to the service of God and when he went to God in prayer, and man. promised Him that, if his life was spared, he would dedicate it to Chris- Dr. Capen welcomed opportunitian work, and that he would be ties for service, and took upon himready to perform any task, however self gladly heavy burdens, when heavy, that God might put upon him, most men shun them. He consulted without murmur or complaint. Hi~ what ought to be done, when most life was spared, and the vow was of us consult our own inclinations. most faithfully kept, even to the He went out of his way to speak ~, hour of his translation. In perplex- kindly word, when most of us reity he prayed; at times of special frain, even tho opportunity knocks satisfaction and joy, he turned to at our doors. He regarded the God in prayer. His courageous op- Church as worthy of the best service timism came from his supreme faith of his hand, his heart, and his life, in the God who hears and answers when far too many give it scant prayer. His prayer list was a long reverence, and· less personal service. one. His belief in prayer was as He looked upon the world as a simple and as natural as his belief in world that had been redeemed by God and in his own personal exist- Christ, and that needed to know ence. In this prayer-life he found Him, and he had no narrow view of his strength in that he thus cast his the means by which humanity was to burdens upon God, taking Him at be lifted toward heaven. His conhis word. He was able to make his ception of the Kingdom was as broad life the power that it became in so as the world itself, and to the conmany different ways because not he summation of this Kingdom he gladbut his God was bearing the burdens, ly and freely gave himself and his life.

Me~ are not interested in missions because they are ignorant of them. It is not more exhortatIon they need. but more information. Our parishes at home number 60,000,000 people and for them we areo giving $275,000,000. Our parishes abroad number 600.000,000. at least. and we are only giving $15,000,000 for them. Protestants in the United States could easilv furnish twice as many missionaries as they are sending. and then it would mean only lout of 1,000, and the remaining 999 could support him.-S. B. CAPEN.

India-One Hundred -yTears

and Now SOME NOTEWORTHY CHANGES IN THE MISSIONARY SITUATION BY REV. JUSTIN E. ABBOTT, D.D., SUM :[]T, N. J.

For Thirty Years Missionary of the American Board at Bombay, India S a tree a century old title of Christian or are enrolled in some department of missionary ac- EAJ is very different from tivity. Those who have given their the tender shoot from religion to the c~nsus-taker as "Christian" number about four mil- which it started, so ~ the present conditions confronting missions lions. It is not, however, the num- in India is in marked contrast to that ber of nominal Christians that counts, which existed one hundred years ago. but the character and the influence In entering upon the new century of their lives. The vital question to of Christian work in India it is of he considered is this: Is the Indian great importance that we study the Church giving to India what the present situation and understand the missionary at his best has given and causes which have brought it about. is giving? Are Indian Christians First of all we must not make the drawing men to Christ? If this is mistake of thinking that the statistics true to-day, then the change in the of missions register the progress of missionary situation is evident, for a Christianity. They understate the transforming force has been called progress, and, moreover, they are into being that did not exist before.

often misleading. Statistics can not Such a changed situation calls for make any adequate record of the a difference in the form of mission- important fact that a great change ary effort. Those who have lived in has taken place in Indian thought and close contact with the Indian Church life, outside of the Christian Church. know that out of that Church there This change tends toward a Christ- is entering into Indian thought and like form, even tho it may not have life an influence as pure and noble, reached the fulness of His stature. and as Christlike as comes from Statistics also mislead the student the missionaries sent from Chris- because they include in the Christian 1 tian lands. It is not surprizing that Church all who bear the name moral and spiritual weaknesses and Christian, regardless of their true deformities are found among the character and influence. Many may four millions of Indian Christians, be called Christians who are really but it is true that a Christlike light, plltting stumbling-blocks in the path as pure as any Christian land can of Christian progress. Statistics are show, does flow from that source to of value, but they merely record the drive away the darkness of ages.

number of Indians who claim the The missionary is no longer the

only, or even the chief, example of new condition 111 the missionary Christlike living, for India has her situation. own sons and daughters who live true, godly, generous, pure, self- India has always had high ethical sacrificing, Christlike lives. standards, as her literature and the lives of her great men and women The Indian and the Missionary abundantly prove, but low and de- basing ethical ideas have coexisted To-day, therefore, the missionary with the high. Their concept of God, situation calls for cooperation with or the gods, has led the Hindu mind the Indian Christians. Upon them to believe in the lower, rather than must rest the chief responsibility for the higher moral standards. For this bringing India to Christ. This means the Puranic literature is largely rethe strengthening of the hands of sponsible, as well as a philosophy Indian Christians in order that they that fell in easily with the popumay do the needed work. It means lar demand. There was a time the bringing into their lives nobler when it would have been difficult to ideals, so that they in turn may pass prophesy what ethical position even them on to the many whom they a Hindu of the best type would take. touch. There must be concentration Taught from his childhood to beof effort on the tender lives of their lieve in caste as a divine ordinance, children in order that they may be- could we think that he would ever com(l men and women of spiritual denounce it as in conflict with the and moral power, and may exemplify ideal of the brotherhood of man? the Christlike life in its noblest form. Taught to believe that the duty of a The best method of evangelizing widow was to burn herself on the India is to be sought for in the best funeral pyre of her husband, could methods of educating and training we assume that the idea of the the Indian Christiari boy and girl. sacredness of human life would lead him to oppose such suicide? Could Changes in Thought and Life a Brahman, even of the noblest type, have been trusted to act the good Another change that can not be Samaritan to one of the sixty milpresented through statistics or lions of "untouchables," even tho colored charts is the great change in compassionate by nature, when rethought and life throughout the ligion and custom and caste rules length and breadth of India. Natur- made their touch polluting? alIy, this is to be found chiefly in the thinking class, as against the In former days the missionary ignorant masses. There are abun- could not trust Hindu, Mohammedan, (;mt signs that even to the lowest Jain or Parsee to look upon social strata of the Indian people there have and moral problems from a Chrisfiltered down the new ideas that tian standpoint. Hence the early have revolutionized those who may missionary felt it to be his burden to be' called the brain of India, but it proclaim the necessity of reform in is where education has brought the Indian social customs, in religious most intimate contact with the West ideas, in philosophical interpretations that this change is so wonderfully of God and the universe. Here he manifest. This also h<>.s created a

INDIA-ONE HUNDRED YEARS AGO AND NOW

met opposition at every point, as one claims of the brotherhood of man, who came from a foreign land to this purer moral standard, means a turn their world upside down. That changed environment for missionary clay has gone, and to-day we find effort. India's 'best mind can be many Indians of the best type who, trusted to. grapple with moral though unwilling to accept all Chris- problems, with questions of duty, tian doctrines, yet see eye to eye national and individual, and with with Christians on the great prin- questions of conscience. The misciples that underlie moral questions. sionary does not cease to carry his The writings and speeches, and above own burden of responsibility to all, the lives, public and private, teach, preach and practise reform, of India's best men and women, righteousness, compassion and love, give clear proof that the Chris- but his is not a lone voice in the tian's right is no longer the Hindu's wilderness. Other voices are speakwrong, or that the Hindu's right is ing in loud tones as well and are the Christian's wrong. A common accomplishing great results. moral ground has been reached. The Hindu, the Mohammedan, the Social Service in India Jain, and the Parsee, in whom the new spirit has taken possession, have Growing out of this change in now become preachers of righteous- moral tone, charitable and philanness, of Brotherhood, of compassion, thropic movements and institutions of love. Their voice to-day is have arisen to give further concrete spreading over all India, with in- form to the change that has taken creasing power and effectiveness, pl'ace. The idea of service for and is parallel with, not in opposition humanity has taken hold of many. to, the voice of their Christian The idea that the responsibility of brothers. each caste belong only to those in that caste, no longer appeals to the bet- The reform movements in India ter minds. A broader sympathy now testify to the deep and deepening in- lies behind their charitable instincts. terest that thinking India is taking in Barriers of race, caste and creed are all that concerns the well-being of gradually disappearing before the Indian life. Among these are the compassion that takes in all. This Provincial and National Social Con- change is especially significant, beferences; the Theistic Conferences; cause many of these attempts to the press in the hands of reformers; serve the suffering and deprest are the associations that combat intem- ill spite of long established social perance and the social evil; the con- customs and deeply rooted religious ferences for the abolition of caste; convictions. societies for the encouragement of widow remarriage; the earnest ad- There is further significance in vocacy, in press and on the plat- the fact that these philanthropic inform, of female education, and even stitutions have sprung into being of compulsory education. largely in the last decade. India is therefore seen to be moving faster This interest that India is taking and faster along lines of nobler ill Indians, this recognition of the progress.

Higher Castes and "The Untouchables" false philosophy of wifehood and of widowhood stifled sympathy, and The attitude of the higher castes to- social custom diverted Indian comward the deprest c1asses-"Untouch- passion from those who needed ables," as they are called-is a familiar it most. The widow has remained matter of history. The sixty miIlion in the family of the husband, a burthat constitute this class form a fifth den, a slave to the whims of all, an of the population of India. They object of evil omen, half fed, shorn are ceremonially impure, socially out- of the glory of her hair, deprived of castes, laboring under heavy disa- all ornament, and forbidden the bilities, and have lived outside the privilege of remarriage, tho she may sympathies of the higher castes. If have been widowed in the tender years even the shadow or accidental touch of childhood. But in the last decades was polliJting, how much more any compassion has broken through cusopen and conscious contact. It is tom and a false philosophy, and the for such that within the last seven few who were willing to take the years a widely supported movement widow's part have developed into has been organized. While the lead- many. Not only have widows' ing spirits in the Mission to the wrongs become a cry in the reform Deprest Classes belong to the Theistic movement spreading over India, but Church, Indians of all castes and there have come into being instituclasses are among its supporters. tions where the widow is given a The number of schools and other home, education, and training for institutions for these "Untouch- usefulness in life, and, above all, ables" are not as yet many. Their where she feels the balm of tensignificance, however, lies not m der love. Professor Karve's Home their number, but in the fact that for Widows at Poona, the Vanita they exist at all, and are avenues Ashram at Surat, the Widows' through which Indian hearts are Home at Mysore, the Anatha Ashshowing their compassion, by liter- ram at Ahmedabad, and other homes ally, as well as figuratively, touching might be mentioned. The example the "Untouchables" in an effort to set by Pandita Ramabai, the welllift them to a religious and social known Christian philanthropist, has equality with themselves. Only the found many imitators, and there are great All-Seeing Eye knows how those who open the door to the highmany Indian hearts feel this down- caste Hindu widow for remarriage reaching sympathy, but it is evident if she so chooses, or if not, to tc all that this movement proves the careers of usefulness, for which she existence in India of a genuine love may become fitted. of service for needy humanity. Still another illustration IS the Another example may illustrate Seva Sadan, the Home of Service. this newly awakened sympathy. The founder, Mr. B. M. Malabari, The sorrows of the high-caste Hindu was a Parsee by birth, but in widow have always touched tender sympathy lost to all thoughts of chords of sympathy in Christian race, caste or creed. The example hearts. These chords were not set by Roman Catholic Sisters of touched in the Hindu world. A

J914J INDIA-ONE HUNDRED YEARS AGO AND NOW

Mercy, and Protestant missionary antipathy is vanishing. Hindus, ladies in schools and hospitals, Mohammedans, Jains, Parsees, and pointed out the way that Hindu, Christians are able to sit around the .lVfohammedan, and Parsee ladies same table as directors of societies could work, if they would. The for the protection of children, of sonew spirit is in India's women as cieties for the promotion of temwell as in men. Through this "Home perance, and purity, sanitation, of Service" ladies high in social social service and the like, in perfect rank have entered heartily into harmony, and vying with one efforts for their needy sisters. another in acts of courtesy. No N either race, caste or creed form longer are missionary institutions boundaries to their loving efforts. the sole philanthropic institutions. A home for unfortunates, oppor- No longer are missionary institutions' tunities for regaining honor and in- for the deprest classes, for widows, dependence, training for those who for orphans, for the sick, objects of wish to give their lives for the suspicion and prejudice as merely inservice of others, and personal struments for overturning the Hindu ministrations to the sick and the religion and customs. Fellow workers distrest, form this union effort of they have now become. Missionary Hindu, Mohammedan, and Parsee hospitals, educational institutions, inladies in Bombay and Poona, and dustrial schools, blind asylums, and witness to the new era of awakened even work distinctively for Christians sympathy with human needs. have received, and are increasingly receiving, financial support as well as These illustrations could be mul- word sympathy from those of other tiplied by the description of the religions. This is indeed cooperation, foundling asylum at Pandharpur, and cooperation will more and more the orphanages at Pandharpur, be the watchword of the future. The Ahmedabad, Surat, Bombay and Christlike service which the missionother places; the school for the ary wishes to render to – India has blind in Bombay; organizations, such now an ally which it did not have as the Servants of India at Poona, before. the Social Service League at Bombay, and numbers of smaller and Higher Education To-day less publicly known groups of workers, who in quiet ways are mak- Another change that has arisen in ir:g apparent the fact that India's the missionary situation in India has religious and moral awakening is no come about through the advance of mere dream of the optimist. higher education, and the high in- tellectual level of minds that have That such philanthropic move- had the opportunities of higher ments must bring a change in the trammg. Graduates of Indian, Engmissionary situation i3 self-evident. lish, Scotch, American and European What was impossible before is universities exist in increasing numpossible now, namely, cooperation of bers, and of these some have reached non-Christian and Christian m the highest rank of scholars, of works of love and compassion. In statesmen, of scientists, equaling in the face of human needs the old some achievements those of Christian

lands. It must be remembered that effort in India, as compared with these men of wide reading and what they were at its beginning, we scholarly habits have at their dis- find to-day a Christian church, that posal all the Christian literature of whatever its weaknesses may be, the West, the Bil5le, and all the has in it noble witnesses, manifesttraditions of the Christian Church. ing a Christlike character, examples of A love of truth is as marked a truth, of righteousness, self-sacrifice characteristic of the true Indian and love. We find in India's best scholar, as of the Western scholar, men and women a new environment, and can be as readily trusted. A in which the missionary can work, a missionary will still find it necessary higher moral tone, a c~earer ethical .to teach a better philosophy and sense, a conscience that can be purer doctrines to those intellectually trusted. We see practical demonhis inferiors, but the day is past strations of that higher moral tone when he can regard his own in- in the outflow of sympathy, of comtellect as better able to grapple with passion and love toward humanity, the problems of philosophy than in which would-be barriers of race those Indian minds that by knowl- and caste and creed are being pushed edge and training are as well or aside, making cooperation possible. better: equipped than his. For this We have reached a period in India's fact the missionary is profoundly ir.tellectual development where her thankful, for it shifts a heavy re- best minds can be trusted to grapple sponsibility to shoulders where the with strength, and courage, and love weight rightly belongs. He can of truth, with philosophical, religious, trustfully leave the province of and social problems. philosophy to Indian minds, and devote himself to his own pro per The great difference in the missphere, that of exemplifying Christ- sionary situation, from what it was like life and service. a century ago, is evident in view of the above facts. Then the mission- I t is a very serious question ary was the pioneer in every field of whether the missionary's supreme progress. He began the first boys' aim of winning India to Christ is school according to modern methods. being helped by the philosophy of He began the first girls' school in the West. It is a very serious ques- the face of unbelief in the power of tion whether the intellectual side of a woman to learn. He was the religious doctrines as emphasized to- first to proclaim the need of reday in Western lands has a win- form in religion and social customs, ning power. It is doubtful whether and he received little thanks for his we in the West are able to handle revolutionary efforts. He was the our social, industrial, and religious first to found orphanages, and hosproblems so that missionaries can pitals, and homes, and yet was as take these solutions to India and polluting as the "Untouchables." But find them solutions of India's com- te-day the Indians of the best minds plex problems. are the friends, the allies, the colaborers with the missionary in his To sum up, in brief, conditions as philanthropic work. they are at the end of a century of

VIEWS OF LIFE IN

Joy and sorrow of child life, as pictured by Miss Amy Wilson- Carmichael in her "Lotus Buds"

Saving the Boys and Girls of India 1J';· ~1J :- . :LCKENZIE, M.D., FATEHPUR, U.P., INDIA Jvfissionary of the Voman's Union Missionary S 'Jciety .IiH]OW dear the children asked, "How can I feed and clothe of India have grown that family on two dollars a month?" to everyone who has Two years later th<; mother and lived among them! Let father died of tuberculosis, and two me tell you about a of the youngest children were found few of those I met in sleeping on the roadside without food my work, with the hope that all the or shelter. children of India may become more real to you, and that you will share We took them in, and on inquiry with them your love and sympathy found that all the other children had and prayers. been married, except one bright, handsome lad, who had been taken As I was driving through the city by thieves to train in their profes- one day the carriage suddenly stopt. sion. The lads we named Kim and The door was thrown open, and be- Jim. They were not with us long fore me stood a delicate young when a boy of ten, called Kindar, woman with eight children, ranging joined them, saying that his parents from twelve years of age to the babe had died of bubonic plague and that of two in her arms. The Hindu he was starving. It was wonderful driver, motioning in their direction, to see how those children tried to

please us, and to improve themselves on the journey, he replied that he and their surroundings. An old missed the daily prayers and Bible bench was prest into service as a study most. table and was decorated with a white cloth and flowers. They quickly Saving the Girls learned the Lord's Prayer and some Bible verses. No matter where we It is the girls of India, however, were, or how busy, they always came that touch our hearts the deepest. and knelt down beside us to say their There is so little real joy or pleasure evening prayer, before being tucked in their lives. The birth of a daughinto their little cots on the veranda. ter is, in fact, a signal for mourning in the Hindu home, if, indeed, she be One day the three of them stood allowed to remain there. before me, saying they wanted their tuft of hair, the symbol of Hinduism, England has given several comcut off, as they were now Christians. mands in India, one of which is, I could scarcely refrain from smiling "Thou shalt not kill thy daughters"; as I told them I would have to see Lut, strange to say, the female popua magistrate about it, as they were lation is still smaller than the male. juniors. One evening a Mohammedan Shortly after this a Brahman ap- widow, apparently dying, came, with peared and asked for his son. Kin- her aged father-in-law, to the Lily dar, the lad of ten, stoutly denied Lytle Broadwell Hospital at Fatehthat the man was his father. The pur. Her first request, seconded, or man took the case into court, and on more probably instigated, by her several occasions tried to kill the father-in-law, was that we should boy. Finally, the magistrate advised kill her baby girl. We told her we me to send him to school at a safe could not do that, but we would care distance, until the case was settled. for them both. An operation saved This resulted, later, in favor of Kin- the woman, and her little girl ardar, but, in the meantime, the three rived the following night. We coule! boys were sent to a fine educational not leave it <.lone with her for two and industrial orphanage, belonging weeks lest she harm it. Through our to the C. P. mission at Mhow. Here nurse, Miss Simpson's care of her they studied well and later received child, she learned something of our baptism. We trust that they will one Savior's love and was willing to day be used to advance the Master's trust Him for the extra supplies Kingdom among their own people. needed. She learned also to care for her lovely babe, which we named Kindar's longing to see his old IVaintarG, "Star of Love," and the mission friends, and perhaps also his mother brought her back to see us love of travel, proved greater than once a month. his patience, and to satisfy these he twice walked the distance of nearly Let us not judge this poor woman five hundred miles. The first time too harshly, but pray the Lord of the he had only sixty cents to supply his Harvest to send forth laborers to win food, except what he earned on the such souls to Him. Her husband way. On being asked how he fared having died six months before, she had her aged father-in-law and four hungry children to feed, as well as

THE BOYS AND GIRLS OF

A NAGA MOTH~P AND CHILD IN ASSAM not He who said, "Suffer little chil- dren to come unto Me and forbid This is a sample of the home life in many an In- them not," require them at our dian village. Thel woman is seeding cotton. hands? How can they come, unless The house is of bamboo. and the small arms of s y m pat h yare thrown opening in the doorway is for the around them, and hearts on fire with accommodation of pigs that oc- His divine love draw them to Him? cupy the front room While reading with my aged panprovide a dowry for each daughter, tlit on the veranda one morning, a and she could earn only four cents well-dressed Brahman appeared with a day. a servant carrying a tiny mite of naked humanity. He said that his One night I was c;l1ed to a woman wife had died and he did not want a in distress living in a village ten daughter. Taking the little one in miles distant. After making the pa- my arms, I told him of the Savior, tient as comfortable as possible in a who loved little children. My pandit, little mud room, ten by six feet, with also a Brahman, looked on in silence. no other furniture than a mud floor ;..Jine months later, a beautiful, blackand a low cot covered with musty eyed, laughing babe in a pretty pink rags, I asked where the baby was. frock crept to the old man's side. Some one pointed to a heap of ashes He looked amazed for a moment, ill the adjoining court. A filthy bas- then, asking if this was the same ket under a stone partially covered babe he had seen that morning, took this. My first impulse was to re- the little one in his arms and kissed move the stone and raise the basket. There lay, just as it had come to the TWO LITTLE INDIAN GIRLS cruel, cold world, one of the little ones whose angels do always behold Two forces-God and the devil-contend for posthe face of our Father in heaven. session of these girls and their _sisters in India. The missionaries are working to Sadly, and with feelings that can save and teach them Christ's way not be described, I replaced the bas- of life ket over that little victim of false religion and poverty. Will its silent cry enter our ears unheeded? will

WHERE LITTLE GIRLS ARE MADE A SACRIFICE TO MEN IN INDIA A crowd of devotees and pilgrims outside a Hindu temple her. Shushila is now a charming after the man, whom we saw a little little school-girl, who loves her Sa- later, apparently well pleased. vior and will win many to Him. This little girl, whom we call Par- One day a rough-looking young bullia, "Light of the Morning," is fellow brought a lovely child of three now one of the fairest flowers in the to the bungalow, asking us to buy Master's garden at the Mary A. Merher. He said he must have money, riam Orphanage in Cawnpore. and wanted to be rid of his sister. Seeing the temples open, and other One day our servants told me that awful forms of slavery worse than little Sweren was to be sold in the death, my heart ached for this little hazar by her cruel stepmother in retot, with her beautiful, innocent face, venge for an injustice done to her by in its frame of brown curls. Asking the child's father. We sent messenthe man to come with me to the gers to locate her, and, having asked court-house, I explained the case to permission from the court, we went the English officer in charge. "Will to rescue the child. We found the the child go with you?" he asked. woman gossiping with some neigh- Holding out my arms, immediately bors, while the half-starved child sat the child clasped hers around my wistfully on the ground. I spoke to neck. It was a severe test for a her a few minutes before the woman strange babe, but I knew the Master observed me, and then carried her in wQuld answer prayer. He told me my arms toward the carriage, telling to take the child and he would look the woman we had heard of her cruel

THE BOYS AND GIRLS OF

WHERE LITTLE GIRLS ARE SAVEll FOR TIME AND ETERNITY IN INDIA Teaching the girls at Mttkti, the Christian school of Pandita Ramabai purpose and had come to protect the lowest depth of darkness could dechild: Seeing the hope of revenge vise nothing worse. gone, her anger became furious and she would have torn the child to A little girl, with a face so sad that pieces if she had not been held be- it was repellent, was one day 'brought yond her reach. In her frenzy she to the orphanage, and I wondered if tore off both carriage doors, which any beauty could be made to grow in had only hinges of leather, and the such a soul. The only word she horse, taking fright, sprang forward, used to everybody and everything breaking both traces. In the mean- was "go." No one seemed to be able time, a dense crowd from the ad- to win her. Then she was taken ill joining bazar had gathered, but a with pneumonia, and Dr. Mary young Brahman, on being told the Mackenzie brought her into her situation, kindly held them in check. own room. Then a sweet pea The driver cut the cloth of his pugri blossom put into her hand worked for traces, and we drove away with the miracle. Light came into the our torn clothing and the frightened dark eyes, and it was almost painful child, never to see the angry woman to see the lips that never before again. learned to smile twist in their effort to show pleasure. Each day the les- Think of the little babes so safe son was better learned, and now we and happy in your own homes, and have our little Sona (Gold), whose learn to pity those helpless victims of merry laugh and constant sunshine rdig}ous customs, so cruel that the delig~t the hearts of Christian and,.

Hindu alike. Here is her photo at school, passing into the great beth hospital with a pet kitten, where yond. The mother, who knew not her life sang one sweet song to her God and saw no hope of reunion in Savior's praise. the dark line of transmigration of the soul with countless demons on A call came from the city for us every hand to assail, beat her breast t( go and see a sick child who had and tore out her hair, dashing her bubonic plague. Fearing the treat- dying child now to her bO'som and ment she might receive from her again on the rude cot. Oh, if Chrisfrightened parents, I returned in the tians, whose eternal welfare is sure, evening to find the door closed. could only see the awful darkness When it was opened a flood of smoke and despair of death in these dark, from a fire in the center of the room hopeless religions of the East, it blinded me. As it cleared a little, I would surely arouse that divine pity entered to find, in one corner of the in their souls that brought the Son of room, a heavy quilt, that may have God from His throne in Glory to be descended from past generations. On a sacrifice for our sins. raising it, there lay my little patient, smothered. Artificial respiration. for One day a little girl, Surgi, was half an hour and stimulants failed to passing the Lily Lytle Broadwell rouse her. Sadly I laid her down, Hospital with her father. and grandanother victim of those who have not mother, a wonderful old lady, who yet heard of the love of the Father. had been through the Mutiny. The little girl, seeing how different every- Cholera laid its terrible hand on thing looked from her own little mud the border of our city. Sunday eve- hut where she had never known anyning all was quiet, but on Monday thing but want and privation, said morning its victims lay unburied by she wished she could be our servant. the roadside. The burden of pre- God answered the little one's prayer, venting its spread to the main part tho not in the way she asked. We of the city rested on us. The lVlaster. were to be the ones who served. The who always hears and a n s w e r s girl's father died, so that the mainprayer, saved the city and 80 per tenance of Surgi, her mother, and cent. of those who came to us for little brother depended on the poor help. old grandmother. She could only earn one dollar a month and her A sad case that came to us was hoard, and gave every cent of that that of a child who was left under a for their food, while she clothed herscorching tropical sun all day to ap- self with only a tattered cloth. Then pease the anger of the gods, while the little girl was taken ill with his parents offered sacrifices to idols typhoid fever, and daily grew worse. of clay and stone. Needless to say, At last, when the abdomen became they returned in the evening with a perforated, they remembered the hosblinded, dying child. pital, and brought her to us in de- spair. We told them that we could One morning, on my arrival at the not save her, as she was too weak hospital, I found another dear child, for operation, but if they wished w~ who had attended oUr Sabbath-

THE BOYS AND GIRLS OF

would care for her. (We never turn to shame many older Christians. Two any away.) days later Surgi left us, like a babe falling asleep. Her grandmother re- Dr. Spencer was on hospital duty fused to attend the Hindu ceremony, at the time, and with tender love she cared for the poor suffering child" GIRLS IN INDIA CONING FROM CHURCH as she cares for each of her patients, tenderly as she would her own fam- Boarding-school girls of the United Presbyterian ily. At the same time the doctor Mission, Sialkot, returning from church uses every opportunity to give them prayer-meeting-a mile from the school the good news of eternal salvation. and said, "Oh, I wish she might have Surgi's agony at the thought of a Christian burial!" Her husband, death was painful to see. It meant however, claimed the body, and it blackness and unknown terrors to was buried according to their usual her, without one ray to lighten the rites-oiled, scorched, beaten, and gloom. thrown into the Ganges. It would feed the crocodiles and jackals, but It is our custom to have all our Surgi did not care. Her spirit was patients in the drawing-room at least safe in heaven, and when the Lord. once a week, and we carry in those her Savior, comes she will have a confined to bed. iThen Surgi was new body like unto His glorious brought to the door, she gasped, body. "Oh, let me see it all!" The nurses were there in their simple white Two weeks later the dear old dresses, playing on a piano loaned by grandmother came at daylight, before a friend (it has since been taken her day's work began, and with her away) . The nurses were singing, forehead touching the floor, thanked with happiness and contentment written all over their faces. In the grate a bright fire glowed, and the room was pretty with ferns and . flowers.

After gazing in silence, with wide, wondering eyes, at every detail, she said, "Will heaven be like this ?" We told her that nothing she had ever seen could compare with the home Jesus would give to her, if she trusted His love and sacrifice for her sins. The old grandmother herself hastened to bring water, and begged that she might be baptized. After that the child rested in sweetest con- tentment and happiness, without one groan or complaint. It was wonder- ful to hear that old Hindu grand- mother teach her how to pray, with a faith and simplicity that would put

God that her little granddaughter over fifteen years of age. After she was safe in heaven. entered the drawing-room, her hus- band, a lawyer of over sixty, refused Are They Worth the Price? even to step on the veranda, lest he be defiled. I had to draw a curtain Are these children of India worth ~ round her before her brother-in-law our love, our prayers, and gifts? would come into the room to tell me, One early morn two carriages ar- before her, what she had done. rived at the mission bungalow. One That day UI11111edi asked to stay CHRISTIAN GIRL PUPILS IN INDIA. in the office, where I was busy. She watched the Christian girls come and was completely closed with wooden go, and quietly removed all her nudoors, and from the other four men merous ear, nose, and toe rings and alighted. One of them informed me bracelets, and in the evening asked to that he had brought a very wicked be drest like them. We sent her woman, who had been his brother's to school in Calcl1tta for two years, wife, but who was now dead to him, where she accepted Christ in name as she had broken the caste rules by as well as in heart. During that going through her husband's apart- time she learned to read and write ments at the front of the house. He Bengali, and to sew, make lace, and asked me if we would take her, do many kinds of fancy work. When. otherwise the street, with its lowest our medical work opened at Fatehpur degradation, would be her only ref- live years ago she came as nurse, and uge. I asked him to bring her in. in four years Ummedi learned to read He replied, "She is dead to me, and and write Hindi, Urdu, Hindustani, I can never look on her face again." a.nd Eng1ish, as wen as the elemen- On opening the carriage, I found a tary rules of grammar and arithmepretty but frightened child of not tic, and passed second highest in the United Provinces her final written and oral examinations in nursing, elementary anatomy, physiology, and hygiene, under the examiners of the C nited Board for Mission Nurses.

When you know how quickly these dea r children develop under Chris- tian teaching in the mission schools, orphanages, rescue homes, and hos- pitals, is not your zeal inspired to reach out and save those perishing millions of India? What is the price of a soul? What shall we give in exchange for it? Whether it belong to one of these little ones or to us, "Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these ye have done it tmto Me," said Christ,

Call of the Crisis In India*

BY A. C. HARTE> BOMBAY> INDIA Secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association I iA] YEAR ago we had in lion Brahmins of India are in in- India our first con- tellectual culture our equals, in vention of Indian graciousness of manners are our Christian stu den t s superiors, and in spiritual desire and from all India. At capacity for sacrifice are first among this convention there the peoples of the world. These took place the first general awaken- Brahmins are facing a crisis. Our ir;g among the Christian students of Western civilization is beginning to the empire with reference to the permeate India and is compelling the crises in India and their opportu- Brahmins to seek it, as their place of nities and responsibilities. It is our leadership is being disputed with earnest hope that this first great them by the men of other classes awakening among Indian Christian and religions who have acquired students throughout the empire may Vestern civilization. Having tasted be utilized to its utmost for the win- it they are seeking it for its own ning of India for Jesus Christ…. sake. They are also being compelled by the mission practise in India to take Great awakenings have taken place into account Christian ethics with among the Anglo-Saxon peoples in reference to the deprest classes. The recent centuries, but more are taking demands of modern life, because of place· in India in one generation. this civilization, are compelling them Therefore Indian Christian students to lay aside much ceremonial reand their fellow Christian students ligiousness and many of the burdens throughout the world are now facing of caste. a great problem and a superb task. So far as the Church of Christ is Now, if the Christian students of concerned some of these awakenings the world, who alone have access to and the immediate crises are the these Brahmins, are sufficient to our following: opportunity, and in love and sym- pathy rally to our task and help the I. We may pass over the problem Indian students, we will be able not of the Mohammedans for the pres- only to free the Brahmins from the ent, simply noting that the leaders of burden of religious ceremony and the reformed Mohammedan party in caste which is even heavier than the India are leaders of great power. burden of the Pharisees at the time They have the only modern Moham- of Christ, but we will also be permedan university in the world, and mitted to lift from India the hand of they are accessible to the Christian caste that has been crushing India to students of the world. earth. 'vVe may thus aid India to 2. The thirteen and one-half mil- * From a report of .an address at the Kansas City Convention.

rise again by the power of God to its cated people has largely been made place among the brotherhood of na- possible through the Christian philtions, and also free thirteen and anthropy of the West. Unforone-half million of spiritual leaders tunately, great as ha·s been this with greater spiritual insight than Christian philanthropy, it has not can be found anywhere else on been great enough to go the necesear-tho sary length. In every Christian high school and college opportunities are 3. The problem of the 65,000,000 failing to be realized because Govoutcastes-the most deprest, the ernment supervised curriculums and most hopeless people on earth to- the desire for education on the part day-calls us as never before. The of Indians so tax the strength of Christian awakening has touched the teachers that they are unable to them and the people who have give proper time to spiritual instrucbeen without .hope are beginning tion and fellowship. If the Christian to hope, and in their hope they students of the world would arise toare coming in vilIages, in towns, and day and enable the churches anel in masses to the Christian leaders miSSions to increase the teaching and are asking to be taken in. It staff of the Christian schools and is true that they do not know what colleges in India 50 per cent., a they want, but they do know that large proportion of the above annual they want; and this must fill our increase would unquestionably behearts with gratitude and with the come Christian leaders. I f this is desire to help. Wherever the mis- 110t done now, ten years hence Chrissions can provide leaders and teach- tianity in India may be confronted ers, the custom is to take these in- vliith a mass of intelligent and Gospel quirers in, and the results have hardened non-Christian leaders. proved that this is wise, for it has been found that under proper 5. Then there are the 5,000,000 reguidance and teaching they advance ligious fakirs, sadhus and mendisteadily. When there are no teach- cants, the greatest stream ever ers and no leaders for them, the mis- poured forth in any country in besionary is compelled to say to them, half of a religious ideal. Unfor- "Wait," which is sometimes equiva- tunately the ideal tends to the imlent to saying, "Go back and stifle poverishing of India. While in some your first desires and let hope again cases it makes beautiful the ingive place to hopelessness." Oc- dividual seeker, as a whole it imcasionally at such times they who poverishes the land. If this living can find no help from the Christian stream could be turned toward Jesus forces can find it with the Moham- Christ and sent out in His name, it medans. might become the greatest stream for the enriching and uplifting of the 4- There are also the 1,300,000 world in the history of our race_ who are literate in English. These if'.c1ude many Brahmins, and some 6. Then our attention must be from all of the other classes. They given to the 4,000,000 Christians in are increasing at the rate of 100,000 India, the greatest Christian host in annually. This great class of edu- any non-Christian country to-day.

CALL OF THE CRISIS IN INDIA

~fot taking into account the ordinary moment the great problem of India increase of population, but only the -its spiritual thirst, as a whole. increase by baptism, during the past Add to your vocabulary two ·words ten years, this host has been more by that are typical of India's spiritual a thousand per month than the thirst. The other day a missionary Christian missionaries in the empire, traveling among the villages of his and has given to the Church every district observed a woman, now fortnight the Pentecostal number of standing up, now lying down and accessions, 3,000. Among these measuring her length on the dusty Indian Christians are some of the road, standing up and walking to choicest Christian leaders in the the mark and doing the same again world. But there are many who and again. He spoke to her kindly have come from the deprest classes and after a considerable effort and whose needs for Christian learned from her whither she was friendship, sympathy and help are going and what she wanted. Dustgreat. If the Christian propaganda covered, blistered and worn by the is to be successful in India and Asia, sun she had only strength to whisper then the Christian Church must to him and say, uUska, Dorsanmake good with the 4,000,000 Chris- Uska, Dorsan," which being intertians in India. For these 4,000,000 preted is, "To see Him-to see His Christians are the most critically face." She had already come 400 observed Christians on earth. They miles and had yet a long journey to are responsive to teaching, are seek- Kangra. If she should finally reach ing light, and avail themselves of Kangra, would she find Him? No, all opportunities for acquiring Chris- she would find only a cave in the tian character and Christian out- hillside and a blue flame. This look. If the whole mission force in woman is typical of the fifth of the India to-day could be set free to population of the world who are work for them, they would speedily dwelling in India to-day, and who not acquire a place where, in hygiene, in this way only, but in thousands moral interpretation and intelligence of other ways, physically, intelthey would be the peers of any in lectually and spiritually, are seeking the land, and in spiritual aspiration to see Him! Can we who have seen and the sense of obligation to their Him, as it were, face to face, and brothers, the superiors. Alas! this know that He has healing and benecan not now be done, but it is in diction for the multitudes, hear this the power of the Christian students call in vain. in the world to double the missionary force in India and thus to make ·When the Macedonian call came the next best thing possible. Then, to Paul he was constrained to go and perhaps, in a decade the Church help. May the great God and Father could realize its opportunity in India, of us all-help us as we hear the and India in our generation would whispers of a hundred million in India be known as a Christian country. who are weary, and the shoutings of the hundred million who are strong, Turn, now, from these critical and HUska, Dorsan–Uska, Dorsan"; help immediate problems to face for a us to make haste.

Challenge of Latin-American

Students* BY CHARLES D. HURREY, NEW YORK Executive Secretary, Student Department of International Y. M. C. A.

N these days of the of its contents." They keep it locked up in the museums. Speak to them III I rising tide of Pan- regarding Jesus Christ, and we hear Americanism, it is ex- them remark, "We see his name ov.er ceedingly timely that in the grocery store on a popular we recognize the brand of wine called 'The Tears of unique importance of Christ.' We have seen him as a the Government students and others baby in the arms of his mother, or as in the institutions of higher learning a bruised body hanging on the cross, in Latin America. There are about but he has been dead for nearly two 100,000 students in the high schools, thousand years. Do you think that colleges and universities who are to he can influence life to-day?" Talk control the life of the Latin Ameri- to them regarding the Church and can nations as no other bOGY of peo- we will hear them pour forth a ple can control it. storm of protest against it.

It is singularly true in the Latin One morning in Cuzco, Peru, at American nations that the students the heart of the old Inca Empire, I rule. They will control th·e press, visited that famous old Jesuit church and will dictate the diplomacy; they which is now partIy occupied by the will enter in large measure into the National University. On one side of commercial and professional life, and the church, over the chapel enin their hanels lies the future in edu- trance, I saw these words in large cational affairs. They are, there- white letters, "Come unto Mary, all fore, a most important class of peo- ye that labor and are heavy laden, ple, coming from the wealthier and she will alleviate you." Inside homes anel destined to occupy a the door I talked with representaposition of influence. tives of one hundred· and fifty pro- gressive students, everyone of These students have great needs. whom attacked the established They are bitterly assailed by all of Church. This is typical of what one the forces of evil that attack our may find in other sections of the students, but in South America they Latin American world to-day. The are not fortified by vital religion. student class is an unchurched class. According to their own testimony, To speak to them regarding their atnot two per cent. of the students in titude, therefore, toward the Church many of the great university centers and these modern movements of of the Latin world to-day have any service, is oftentimes to call forth vital interest in religion. Speak to· ridicule. them regarding the Bible and we will hear them say, "I know nothing ..- l;j"om an address deHvered at the Student Volunteer Convention, Kansas City, January 1, 1914. But there is a hopeful side-the great movement for international responsiveness of these students to peace. It is uniting the hearts of the the practical message of Christian- eoocated leaders of the Latin world." ity. Four years ago I attended the First International Student Chris- There is also the favorable attitian Conference in Latin America, tude of. the educators. I shall never held in Uruguay. Around the old forget one of my last experiences campfire at a "meeting of the Open before returning from South Amer- Heart" a man from Buenos Aires Ica. I stood in the office of the said, "We of Argentina· have dis- president of the University of trusted you of Uruguay, but now we Buenos Aires with Mr. Ewing, are coming to love you. We know when the president put to us for you better." I have heard others 0ver an hour some searching quessay, "I came here an atheist; I go tions as to the motive, the program back determined to search the Scrip- of the Christian Association in the tures and know what there is for university. When he arose at last, me in the message of Christianity." he said, "I can not call myself a Protestant; I am not a Roman In the University of Buenos Aires, Catholic; but I believe in the teachwhich has 5,000 students, progres- ings of Jesus Christ, and whatever I sive, alert men, 250 students are can do to strengthen the Christian banded together in the Students' Association in this university shall Christian Association, under the be done." At the same time he leadership of one of our American knew that ninety per cent. of his men, Harry Ewing. Students are professors were certainly on the side also gathering about Warner, who is of atheism, and in many cases were living in Pernambuco, Brazil, in the very hostile to the program of the burning heat of the tropics, five de- Christian Association. grees from the equator. There is a peculiar timeliness in The favorable attitude of the Gov- recognizing the rising tide of Panernment toward this uprising of the Americanism owing to the more frestudents on behalf of pure Christian- quent visits of eminent statesmen ity has surprized all of us. To what and writers. The men of South shall we attribute the fact that the America do not forget the messages Argentine, the Chilean, the Brazilian, of the distinguished Secretary of the Uruguayan governments, did everything that they could to help State, Hon. William J. Bryan, who the enterprise, including free transportation and the sending of a spe- addrest large groups of men with cial cruiser of the Uruguayan navy, his masterly oration on "The Prince with the foreign minister and other of Peace." They respond when men diplomats as fraternal delegates to like Colonel Roosevelt endorse the attend the International Student Con- Christian Student Movement, and ference in Uruguay? We can not when they hear from the'lips of Amattribute it to curiosity, for they bassador Bryce those words of have spoken out of their hearts when praise, that establish confidence in they say, "This is the beginning of a the Christian Student organizations, There are also over fifteen hundred students who have come from Latin.

America to study in our Northern Let the Christian students of institutions. North America respond to this chal- lenge and say, "'vVe regret that in There is a peculiar challenge- in years gone by some have gone from the very difficulties that confront us North America and from Europe to in the Latin world. I hear gambling exploit the Latin lands. There are say, "Let me dominate the student greater conquests than the winning life for another generation through of forests of rosewood and mahogany the lottery and other means, and of the Amazon Valley. There are I will show you a body of men greater achievements than reaping who will not work, but who de- the harvests from the rich fields of pend upon luck and chance to make Argentina. There are more urgent a living." Impurity says, "Let me things to do than harnessing the permeate the life of the students of waterfalls of Brazil, or mining the the Latin world, and I will show you great riches of the Andes. There men who recognize neither personal are tasks requiring the investment of chastity nor the purity of the home." personality, God-dominated personal- Materialism is saying, "Let me flood ity. Our message must be a spiritual this country with the literature which message." Let us think with less comes from materialistic and socialis- prejudice regarding the Latin world tic centers that are atheistic in and enter sympathetically into co- Europe and North America,. and I operation with them, that the will show you a body of men who Americas may be given over to the say, 'We will make our own god; control of Jesus Christ and may be we recognize the authority of no one dominated by the Spirit of God. in heaven or on the earth.'''

Christianizing Japanese Students HY DR. KATSUJI KATO, UNIVERSITY OF crIICGO ODERN Japan has come students in great numbers, IMI been created by her there being four thousand in Tokyo 1 modern system of edu- to-day beside six hundred Koreans. These foreign-born students are cation. The hope of deeply influenced by the character of the Japanese life around them, the future is wrapt up not only intellectually, but morally and spiritually. What would it not in her students. There mean for the future of China and Korea if that impression could be are thirty thousand men in the col- made positively Christian!

leges and univerSIties of Tokyo When we think of the influence of the educated classes upon the desalone, and about twenty thousand in tiny of the empire we are imprest other cities. Besides these there are two hundred and sixty thousand high-school boys and about fifty thousand girls in high-schools and colleges. From China, also, have

CHRISTIANIZING JAPANESE STUDENTS

anew with the significance of Chris- minds are turning to idealism repre- tian work among them. College sented in the writings of Bergson, graduates dominate every depart- Euchen, and Sir Oliver Lodge, in ment of the Government except the which the idea of the supernatural army and navy. is reinstated. This is an entering What are the influences playing wedge for Christian truth.

upon them to-day? Even more intense than the in- There are Buddhism and the tellectual perils are the physical other old faiths. These ethnic re- temptations which surround young ligions have been embedded in the men in the larger cities. It was re- hearts of the Japanese for cen- ported by the Tokyo Police Depart- turies. But to-day at the Imperial ment only two months ago that University of Tokyo and all other three hundred thousand men fre- higher 'institutions these faiths have quent the houses of vice in that city almost no influence. A careful es- in a single month.

timate states that among the stu- With the above facts in mind, is it dents of that university seven hun- not plain that there is a dire need dred are Buddhist, Shintoists and for bringing Christianity to bear Confucianists; seventy are Christian; upon Japanese students? They are nine hundred atheists and infidels, staggering on the border line be- and three thousand indifferent or tween faith and unbelief, between agnostic. Prof. Shailer Matthews moral victory and defeat. They are has said that in Japan Christianity groping in the dark and longing for has to fight not with Paganism, but light.

with "Nothing." It is atheism and Weare convinced that Christianity agnosticism that are creating the only can cure all these ills and meet peril among the- educated class. all needs of Japanese young men.

We might turn with hope to But how is it to be presented? By Bushido, the code of Japanese preaching and social service ? Yes.

knighthood. It is good so far as it By. scholarship? Yes. By literature?

goes, but it can not engender the Yes. By Christian schools ? Yes.

power to overcome temptation which Hut by whatever method it can only vital religion supplies. There is be brought home to the heart of nothing apart from Christianity in Japanese . students by men and the influences playing upon the Japa- women who truly exemplify the life nese students to-day which can sup- and teachings of Christ Himself- ply them with the power which they men and women who are absolutely so eagerly want and sadly need. sound in their Christian manhood Then, there are destructive and and womanhood. For Japanese are demoralizing forces at work. The especially keen to detect insincerity.

literature of Continental Europe has But they admire genuine Christians.

come in like a turgid flood.· The The unusual receptivity of Japa- naturalism and worship of power in. nese students to the Gospel to-day is . Nietzsche's philosophy are still ex- shown by the fact that more than erting a wide influence. But two thousand of them became in- materialism IS waning. Student quirers during the evangelistic meet-

ings conducted by Dr. Mott and Mr. the spirit of service and sacrifice, Eddy last spring, and of this number and heroic enough to preach the one hundred and fifty or more have Glad Tidings in the untouched rural already been r e c e i v e d into the districts of the Empire, from which Church. Constantly Japanese pastors Japan has always drawn her greatand laymen of real power are eagerly est leaders. The late Bishop Honda listened to, and are allowed to speak well said that what Japan wants on religious subjects in Government most of all from Western Christianschools. ity is the saturated Christian charac- ter, developed by generations of But the obstacles in the way of Christian nurture. Na man or their accepting Christ are tremen- woman of university training and clous. There is still strong family with rooted convictions and exopposition, and there are in Japan, perience in Christian life and work as everywhere, the fear of man, the should hesitate to offer himself or down-pull of bad habits, and' the herself for service in Japan. J apaagnostic influence of prevalent nese leaders are able and enterprisphilosophy. In spite of all these it:g, and any missionary should exobstacles Christianity has gained .a pect to work as a colleague and not firm foothold in the Government col- as a leader. But the missionary who leges which were formerly entirely goes in humility, determined to serve irreligious. Up to ten years ago no in whatever way he can help most graduate of an Imperial university will in the end find himself a leader had entered Christian work. To- by force of character. clay there are four in the Christian ministry and four in the Young Finally, it would be hard to over- Men's Christian Association secre- estimate the importance of making taryship, and still others are pre- truly Christian the -impression made paring. upon Japanese students in the col- leges of this country and Canada. Does not this call of need from They are bound to have a large in- Japan pierce the hearts of Chris- nuence upon the future of Japan. It tians in America and England? The is tragic to find so many gifted Japaleaders of the Japanese Church, who nese in America who are without opmet in conference with Dr. Mott, fJortunity to come in touch with the gave the answer when they voted vital side of the Christian religion. almost unanimously to urge the mis- Many of them have never been insionary societies of Europe and vited to the homes of American North America to send out a large Christians. Too often they see the number, of additional missionaries. unchristian side of your life. As a There is absolutely no question that result they go back with distorted these are urgently needed, and and unfavorable opinions of Amerieagerly wanted. can Christianity, and do much to block its progress in Japan. Give Again, while Japan needs mis- these sojourners among you per-, sionary specialists in education, sonal friendship, hospitality and theology and science, she also needs patient instruction. It will pay. men and women who are simply well-rounded Christians, imbued with

A Twice-born "Turk"~-Part

THE REMARKABLE REMINISCENCES OF A CONVERTED MOSLEM SHEIKH TRANSLATED flY ARTHUR T. UPSON, CAIRO, EGYPT Superintendent of the Sile :fission Press Set at Liberty M that 1110:nent collecting stones to shoot at us from their catapults, and T that time I composed before long we heard the "whish" of the springs, and pieces of flints fell EA l a poem in praise of an arOl1nd us OIl every side. Some official who stood high faces and heads wer;:~ cut, but, altho in favor with the Sul- ~.tones passed close over my head, tan Abdul-Hamid. I praise God, I was not hurt. asked this official to intercede for me, that the former de- IlorsemeIl then rushed forward in cree might be reversed and my lib- the pass, and the slingers came down erty be restored. As a result, before from the hills. They made the a month had passed I was once more camels kneel down and stole all the .free. silk and cotton goods with which we were laden. Nhen my cam~l My first journey after this was knelt, two Bedouins seized my arms taken ostensibly for recreation, but and ordered me to take off my really in order to escape from the clothes. I politely answered that as country. I went to Tripoli (Syria), they had taken cloth that would be but as there were spies about, I was sufficient to make clothes for many 110t able to obtain an interview with years, they might kindly let me keep the Mitrfm, nor could I see any of my clothes to protect me from the the religious leaders. From there I cold night, especially as there was traveled to Horns, where I was asked no great value in them. to preach in the mosque. Some trouble occurred, and I soon left the One of the leaders, wearing a silk district. kl~fiya) heard me speak, and shouted loudly, "By the sword of Moham- A Perilous Journey to Damascus med, do not touch this man until I come down to you." They obeyed Outside the town I found a cara- and stood stilI. He then said, "There van leaving for Damascus, and, as it is no man cleverer at the sling than seemed providential, I joined them. T in all this district, and I have sent After two days, when we were about many stones at this man with the half way, just before sunset, we were utmost care, but every time I Ilave obliged to go through a narrow pass missed him. By the sword of Mobetween two mountains, and the men hammed, I swear to you-and you prepared as tho to attack an enemy. know the truth of what I say-that if you were to stretch a single hair On my asking the reason, they between two upright sticks fifty feet told me that on the suinmit of the from me I could hit the hair in any hill just ahead of us there were a number of Bedouin Arabs, who were highway robbers. These men were

part of it that you wished. Now, it me that his father, a Pasha, invited is clear that this is a blest man, who me to his mansion for the sake of is under the care of some of the old friendship. There I was well Auliya (saints), therefore let llS received by gentlemen who had leave him alone." known my father, and I related to them the incidents of my journey. They replied that they would not take my clothes, but they wished to After drinking coffee, the head of search them; but he angrily looked at the house whispered in my ear a them and said, "This man is in my word which bore great risk in those presence" (a phrase used by th e clays. It was that he was a member nedouins to signify protection), "and of the "Young Turk" party. He in- 1 will cut off the hand of any man vited me to join the society, explainwho touches him." ing its noble objects, and in the end I joined. He then turned to me and asked where I was going, and when I told Initiation to a Secret Society him "to Damascus," he said, "Sit here." He fetched the ass on which Salim: How did you join? I would the leader had been riding, put me Eke to know all about it. on it, and gave me a pouch containing food to eat on the way. He SheiMl: The man and his friend then wound a red handkerchief were called upon to testify of my around my turban, and said, "Now, general character and my ability to if anyone interferes with you in the perform all that the society asked of road, tell him that you are under the me, even to the shedding of blood, protection of So-and-so, whose scarf and then drew up a form of guaranthis is. God keep you in safety." ty by which they bound themselves as surety for me. They then took I went on, praising God for this me, blindfolded, by night to an unprovidential deliverance, traveling by known house, and led me into an innight, and feeling neither fatigue nor ner room. From the whispering I need of slumber. W:len the morn- gathered there were many people ing came, I saw a village on a hill, present. They sat me on a chair. where I obtained some rest. I then and one of them questioned me as to went on, asking the way from my birth, my birthplace, my family, passers-by, and resting in the vil- my education, and my motives for lages, until I reached Damascus on desiring to join this society, which the third day. would expose me to great risk, since Abdul-Hamid and his despotic of- I entered the city in the morning ficials were spying on it every inand went to the square, where I left stant. the donkey in charge of the innkeeper. I was intending to take a I replied that love of my fatherstroll around the town to inspect this land and my compatriots who were very ancient and beautiful city. suffering great oppressio'h made me While I was considering what I desire to spend myself in their adshould do, a fine carriage passed me vancement, which, apparently, could and a handsome young man of not come except through the prin- ,c;eventeen stept from it and informed ciples of liberty, equality, and unity.

A TWICE-BORN" TURK"

which were only to be found with Akka, Tyre, and Sidon, passing this society. many places in the vicinity of Mount Hermon, where I obtained informa- The questioner said, "Suppose that tion of the religion of the Metawalit requires you to shed your blood, lis and Behais. do you care to spend your life for After passing some of the towns the cause?" r replied that I was of Lebanon I finally arrived at Bei- rut, where I made myself known to ready to do so. the Young Turk party and told them He asked: "Will you take the of my political obj ects, that they might assist me in my work. Then oath, and agree that if you break I went to Tripoli, and after a few your word your blood may be shed clays at my own home, took leave of by order of the society?" Vhen I my father to go to Banias. agreed, one of them took me into a room and removed the bandage from As the season was advancing, the my eyes. I found myself before a people wished me to remain with tlble, on which were the Koran and them the three sacrecl months of the Bible, with a revolver. Three Rajab, Shabfm, and Ramadan, to men were sitting by the table, dis- cleliver special addresses. I was able guised. to show them, to some extent, what a rule of despotism they were living I saw my friend the Pasha take under, but letters came asking me to a paper from the table, upon which take my family back to live there, in was the copy of the oath, and, after order to teach them the Arabic lanputting the bandage on my eyes guage and religious SUbjects. My again, he made me repeat the oath, father gave his consent, only stipuplacing my right hand upon the Ko- lating that I should not make friends ran and the left upon the revolver. with any Christian. He then took me back into the general assembly room. On removing Spiritual Backsliding the bandage I saw that those pre5'ent were eight in number of the chief in- Salim: What was your spiritual habitants of Damascus. The secre- condition at that time? tary gave me a card, with my number and the date of my initiation, Sheikh: I joined the Young Turk and a guide-book to the cyphers party in Damascus for the only purwhich they used when required. pose of propagating religious liberty ill order to get personal freedom for Later, they decided to locate me, myself and others like me, who infor the time, at Marqib, near Lata- tended to make known our views kia, in order to pose as a leader of concerning the truth. But I am religion, but, in reality, to be a secret sorry to say that by joining that rolitical agent, ql1ietly giving instruc- secret party my religious fervor tion to· the people, to show them the cooled down, and I became so slack <lmotmt of despotism and tyranny in that my religion was used merely for Syria. They gave me credentials in political ends. In spite of all, howcypher to comrades in those parts, ever, the Islamic faith within me had many of whom were holding impor- be~n wreck~d Ol?."=e for ajl, and then~ rtant positions under the Government. left Damascus, qnd traveled to

remained nothing but external re- side the school door to prevent Mosligious acts and words. lem scholars from entering.

My conviction that Christianity I said to him, "You are a very was God's true religion remained as devout Moslem, but you must either before, but my endeavors to follow allow me to serve my Moslem it stopt, the fire in my heart having friends through my knowledge, or become dim, tho not entirely ex- I myself will get an appointment tinguished. Often when left alone I in the Roman Catholic school, and would feel the rebuke of the Spirit so serve the children of the Chrisof God, and for that reason I tians. I do not want to deprive avoided being alone. Vhenever I hap- my Moslem brethren of my religpened to sit with a Christian I ex- ious knowledge, but unless you perienced great joy. agree to my first proposition you will see me coming every evening Before a year passed I moved my from the "Frere" school and carryfamily in order to be near one of the ing my book to the Great Mosque in chief Catholic Christians of the order to deliver a lecture. Should place, and we were like brethren. even your Excellency forbid that?"

For two years I stayed in Banias He stroked his long white beard and was at first very happy, but for a moment and then said, "Be during the last half I found much free in your own school and I will opposition, partly due to the fact bear the responsibility." He began that I made the acquaintance of so to visit my school and I met with many Christians. This caused them great success, teaching by day and to make all sorts of charges against preaching in the mosque and private me, and I asked permission of the assemblies by night, teaching them to party to return to my birthplace. expect religious liberty.

Anarchy in Latakia When the first tidings of the pro- mulgation of the Turkish Constitu- While in Beirut I formed ac- tion came to us they exceeded the quaintance with one of the residents limit, for they even t ran s g res t of Latakia, and through him I de- against the rulers, and anarchy ruled cided to go there, and he assisted me i11 the town. They made my school a to open a primary school, altho the place of meeting and decorated it as Mutasarrif opposed the opening of much as possible. One of the more it without an Irade issued by the enlightened ones suggested that Sultan Abdul-Hamid. ev·ery speaker should send me his address in order that I might read This Mutasarrif (local governor) it and take from it unsuitable exwas such a religious fanatic that he pressions, but none listened to him. would gather the parents of the They rushed to the platform, and Moslem scholars .of the Roman most of them in their addresses ac- Catholic school and warn them cused officials of various crimes and against sending their children to it of having accepted bribes, and for fear of their leaving the Islamic promised them all sorts of punishreligion. He threatened them with ments. The next day all those met penalties if they did not take them away, and sent police to stand Qut-

CHINESE STUDENT

together who considered themselves ask him to resign. He consented, members of the Society of Union and even gave away all he had to and Progress. appease the crowd. The palace was shut up with only a few police left They invited the Nusa!riya sect to in charge. Ignorant and learned join them, and going to the Govern- were all equal now until the town ment House, gathered together the became, in the words of the Arabic officials to make them swear fidelity proverb, "A sack of onions—a11 and uprightness. If anyone uttered heads," for they supposed that this the least word of resistance or was was the meaning of liberty, equality suspected of bribery they cried out, and fraternity. They would listen "Down with him !" The others to no adviser. Before the Constituwould reply in the affirmative, so tion the despots were a number of that after two days the palace was individuals, but afterward all the inemptied of the officials whose down- habitants were despots! fall had been proclaimed. Some resigned to preserve their honor. In the end they sent me, under There remained in the palace only arrest, to the Martial Court, but my the Mutasarrif and a few clerks. life and deeds were crying aloud to When some leaders (and all were the Moslems, "Am I a Hamidite or leaders in those days!) cried for a Constitutionalist?" their downfall, I advised them to let the Mutasarrif alone and I would (To be continued.) The Chinese Student Volunteers* BY I. H. SI, YALE UNIVERSITY, NEW HAVEN Formerly of Shantung Christian University, China m.S . T. PAUL saw only in. and to demonstrate the power, the a vision a Macedonian dynamic force behind the truth of who appealed to him Christ that she so urgently needs. . to preach the Gospel China thinks that she needs truth to them, while we in the form of more means of com- Chinese students see munication and of transportation, of . opening mines, of reforesting our this appeal in one f05m or another in hills. In short, we think the need is for material advance; but at bottom concrete example in the occurrences the need is for spiritual regeneration.

of our daily lives. This is the need Who is to do this work? At present we are necessarily depending for Christianity in China. upon foreign help; but ultimately, if Christianity is the conquering The greatest change that has taken power that she claims to be, this place in China is not political. It is the fact that China has come to realize the need of truth. The task before us is to manifest this truth * From }In<..dd~~.s _~e~~~'if.d at the Student Volunteer ConventiQn, K.nsas City, January I, 1914;.

work must be done by the Chinese studying in this and other countries themselves. Our students, studying are in a peculiar sense witnesses to in America and in China and in the truth. We are here as searchers other countries, must be the leaders. for truth, and we may see some truth of which we forget the source, Weare preparing to meet this which is Christianity. We Chinese need only in a very small measure. students in America will be untrue The Student Volunteer Movement to our mission if, when we return to was started in China in the Shantung China, we do not teach our people Protestant University by a God- Christianity, and demonstrate to them fearing and prayerful evangelist, a that it is the power they most need Chinese pastor by the name of Ding at the present hour. Li Mei, a graduate of that university. He had not only the necessary In view of this need we have in power and the individuality, the America and in Europe and in Japan dynamic force, but he had experience an organization of our own, the to enable him to do this work. In Chinese Students Christian Associa- 1900, during the Boxer trouble, he tion. We are trying the best we can had suffered much for his faith, and to struggle, to search for this truth, in Ig08 he came to the Shantung but at the same time we need your Christian University to hold a re- guidance and cooperation, materially vival meeting. There had been be- and spiritually. Pray for us, assure fore that time students who had us of your help and friendship. We given themselves to the Christian Chinese are watching you Christians ministry, but only a few, and up to ",.ho claim to have a Christian nation. that time we had no organization Vve come from a non-Christian nalike the Student Volunteer Move- tion, and watch your individual life ment. But in 1908 there was a and your social life and your nagreat revival among the students, tional life. We want to know how and we immediately felt that the you do things along Christian lines; evangelization of the Chinese in this hut unfortunately sometimes we see generation should be undertaken by the other side, and we forget that the Chinese themselves. There were this great nation is based upon Chrisonly 300 students then, but 180 of tian principles. Sometimes this is them pledged their lives to this pur- because we have not the opportunity pose. This formed the nucleus of to see your real Christian life. the movement which was organized in the following year in Tungchou, Will not Christian ladies and gennear Peking. Pastor Ding Li Mei is tlemen, who are interested in the now the traveling secretary for all expansion of the Kingdom of God, China, and I understand there are help foreign students-the Chinese over 1,000 volunteers. This is a students, the Japanese students, the large number for a movement only Hindu students-while they are ill its beginning, but considering the studying in this country, 'show them great need in China we should have this Christianity in which you bea hundredfold that number. lieve; and when we return home we can not but tell it to others and re- We Chinese students who are produce it ourselvc~.

Christian and The

BY REV. S. R. ROHOLD, F.R.G.S., TORONTO, CANADA SOME OBSERVATIONS GROWING OUT OF THE BElLIS TRIAL AND ITS INFLUENCE ~H OW true are the philos- effort, not heeding right from wrong opher's words, "Na- -human or otherwise-exiled all the ture's greatness lies in Jews, and thus freed the country Nature's contrast" – from all the Jewish people. Now, the contrast between after four hundred years, the Rus- Nature at her best sian people have determined to do and human nature of its worst- the same. But, while Russia is so death and life struggling for mas- busily engaged defying humanity and tery, with life inevitably, doomedly committing all kinds of outrages in handicapped. order to free herself of the Jewish people, Spain of old is wooing If Nature's greatness lies in Na- Israel-making a desperate effort to ture's contrast, what about this win back the Jewish people and to phenomena of Judaism, and espe- banish that horrible past, and, with cially of the Jewry as it so extraor- castanets and guitars, so to speak, dinarily presents itself, arresting the are trying to awaken older and hapbeholder's gaze? pier memories. Recently, the chief rabbi of Turkey was solemnly salut- What a wonderful twin picture un- ed by the Spanish fleet; her noblefolded itself all over the world at men came forward offering protecthe end of nineteen thirteen! In one tion to the Jews in Turkey and proframe were the fine features of Sir vidi~g them with homes; official Rufus Isaacs, K.c., P.c., in his robes visits were paid to Morocco with the as Lord Chief Justice of Great offer of religious liberty and help to Britain, exalted to this high office by the MQorish Jews; the most learned the King of all the Britains. In the Oriental Jew in Berlin, Professor other frame was the melancholy pic- Yehuda, was entertained royally in ture of Beilis, accused of a foul, Spain, and he was asked to organize heinous crime-rendered, if possible, a chair of Hebrew literature in the fouler and more heinous by the alle- University of Madrid. All this has gations of its motive. been done in order to win back to Spain the Jews who solemnly, under Think of the treatment accorded to a ban of excommunication, have dethe Jews in Britain and America, termined never to return. It may and that meted out to the same peo- be that there are deeper motives in ple in the land of the Czar. What a the Spanish mind-that there are fantastic, continuously moving pano- politics in these sentimental ballads; rama occupies the beholder's eye as but for the present we prefer to take he keeps watch on the Jewish fate.

Over four hundred years ago the people in Spain, by a determined

a poetic view of these returning purpose they have used several affections, and to glory in the vision methods: ( I) Wholesale assassina- of Spain and Judea clasping hands tions (commonly known as Pog- over a buried past. roms), usually incited by priests of While Russia is frantically en- the Greek Orthodox Church, aroused gaged in creating general distrust in to religious fanaticism by the greed the Jew, one of the noblest of Rus- and savagery of the ignorant and the sia, in the personality of a Grand depraved among. the Russian people.

Duke, who had a court trial in (2) Wholesale expulsion of Jews London, England, begs his advocate, from towns where they had resided the Right Han. F. E. Smith, K.c., for many years, forcing them at to make sure that his case should be short notice to liquidate their affairs tried by the Lord Chief Justice, be- and return to the already overcrow<l- cause before this Jewish judge he ed Pale Settlement. The hardest would be sure of a just verdict! possible interpretations were given to These are all phantoms of con- those unjust and most cruel laws in trast that pass rapidly before the order to confiscate the little of the mind, but interesting as these are, we property that was still left to the can not linger and simply gaze at the poor Jew. In less than one month, contrasting panorama, effectual as it six thousand Jews were expelled is; but let us see the clear contrast- from one city alone-Kieff. During what the Jew can be, and what he is. the past twenty-three years no less At present we are concerned with than thirty thousand Jews were thus an extraordinary condition, the re- massacred, and at least two hundred sult of a famous trial. Its lessons thousand wounded and left home- are of utmost importance. Its ef- less, and thousands of innocent Jews fects on the Jewry, the attitude of have suffered, and are still suffering, the Christian, the sentiment created, in the awful Russian prisons, and the resulting attitude 'of the Jew hundreds have actually been lost in toward Christianity, are the main Siberia.

factors which demand our attention. To degrade Jewish young men and The Jewish Condition in Russia women to the lowest possible degree, practically al1 universities were alto- The position of the Jewish people gether closed to the Jews, and even in Russia grows increasingly deplor- in ordinary commercial schools their able, and there is little hope for re- numbers were reduced. But still fur- lief. The situation is of the gravest ther to degrade and deprave the J ew- character. It may be doubted ish womanhood-the very thought of whether Jewry has ever confronted its villainy makes one's blood boil- a greater crisis since the overthrow if a Jewish young woman student of the Jews by the Roman Empire. wants to study in the St. Petersburg Since 1890 Russia has adopted a University, there is only one condi- deliberate plan to exterminate the tion under which she can do so, and six millions of these people, and for that is, that she enroll herself as a no other reason except that they are prostitute! To enumerate the woes Jews. To carry out this inhuman and sorrows, expulsions, imprison-

CHRISTIAN AND THE

MENDEL BEIl.IS The origin of the blood accusation has not yet been discovered. It dates Photo taken after acquittal from the middle of the eleventh cen- tury, tho in the polemic of Josephus ments and boycotts of the Jews in against the Alexandrian Grammarian Rus~ia during 1913, would take more Apion, the latter is charged with havthan the space of a single article. ing accused the Jews of annually fat- tening some Greek in the temple, The last and most degraded method killing him, offering his blood as a of all is a Satanic falsehood, which sacrifice, eating of his internal organs, seeks to degrade the whole Jewish and swearing an oath of enmity people, and make them out to be against all Greeks. During all ancommon murderers. Two and a half tiquity and far into the medieval years ago a boy in the city of Kieff times, there is no trace of similar acwas found murdered, and some time cusations against the Jews. Since the later a Jew, by the name of Beilis, origin of this superstition has not was arrested as the alleged murderer. been discovered, we do not attempt to The evil character of the situation solve the problem. The first case in is seen in the fact that the public which the Jews were actually accused prosecutor, with the approval of the of killing a Christian child for ritual Minister of Justice at St. Petersburg, purposes was that of S1. William of formulated a charge of "ritual mur- Norwich in II44. Since that date cler" against the man, who was said T22 blood or ritual murder trials to have murdered a Christian child have taken place. These cases do in the performance of a Jewish religious rite!

Blood Accusation BARON RUFUS DANIEL ISAACS.. lC.C., P.C.

Blood accusation is a term usually Lord Chief Justice of England (a Hebrew) understood to denote the accusation that the J ews—or at least certain .Tewish sects-require and use Chris- tian blood for purposes which stand in close relation to the ritual, and that in order to obtain such blood, they commit assault and even murder.

not all agree with facts, but they all the proceedings in such a manner as have a similarity in suggestion; first, to shield the real culprits. They sucthat the murders involved the accusa- ceeded in doing so. It must be said tion of blood; and second, that the to the honor of Russian officialdom, crimes were related to the Passover that it was, nevertheless, not easy to festivities. accomplish this. Several police offi- cials had to be put out of the way, There is nothing that so affects the because they had been so incautious Jewish heart with horror as that and reckless as to wish to bring out awful nightmare of "blood accusation." the truth, and the examining magis- There never was a ritual murder trial trate had to be changed for the same without thousands of Jews having reason. been massacred. Strange to say, there is scarcely one of these accu- At last, when Russia had made sations which has ended with a herself the laughing-stock of the practical conviction, and in spite of whole world, the peasant jury were the declaration of kings, emperors, called upon to decide on the followsultans and popes, it was always an ing two questions: excuse for the general mob to give themselves to massacre and robbery. 1. Was Yuschinsky wounded in the head, back, temple and neck with some prick- The Beilis Trial and the Verdict ing instrument in or·der to draw out blood, and then murdered with the After two years of indescribable same instrument, receiving altogether sufferings in fearful Russian prisons, 47 wounds? where Beilis was subjected to all kinds of degradations and in- 2. If the above fact be demonstrated, was sults, and all manner of political Beilis, associated with some unknown maneuvers, twelve Russian peasants persons, moved by religious superstiwere chosen to listen to the argu- tion in the commission of this murder? ments of an array of distinguished councils, learned theologians, medical The jury answered the questions professors, and the examination of as follows: a host of expert, as well as manufactured, witnesses. For a month Question No.1 ………….. Y es these simple peasants had to listen to Question No.2 ………….. No all the vital points urged by these sages, weigh them carefully, and then Beilis was thus acquitted. His give their finding-a thing which no acquittal, however, must be ascribable reasonable man could expect these only to the fact that the Kieff jury simple peasants to accomplish suc- were honorable men. One may say cessfully. that they should have negatived both questions submitted to them, but it From a criminological standpoint can not be demanded that every jurythe trial was utterly uninteresting. man, besides being an honorable man, The persons who committed the should also be a hero. [Moreover, crime are known in 'Kieff, and the they may have been convinced that police officials and examining magis- the man was so wounded.] trate only had the task of conducting It must be regarded as praise- worthy in the highest degree that the jurymen found Beilis not guilty, even if in consequence of the extraor- dinary pressure brought to bear upon

CHRISTIAN AND THE

them, they theoretically and tech- form of defense, when the jury re- nically admitted the possibility of the tired, were of classic simplicity and murder having been committed out force. He thoroughly proved his of religious fanaticism. They were, consistent attitude by refusing a of course, impelled to admit this comparatively large sum ($20,000) possibility without a scrap of evi- to make his appearance on the vaude- dence, to show that the crime had ville stage of America. He has no been committed from a religious desire to trade on his own sufferings, motive. and he shows a fine dignity in re- The Kieff trial was not a criminal fusing the offer, altho he is a poor trial in any sense of the word. It man.

was a political prosecution staged Christianity and the Jew by the powerful All-Russian League of Nobles, which is an organized in- It is easy for a Jew born in a land fluential party of reaction, and is of liberty, and who has had the supported by the various leaders of privilege of an enlightened and liberal the Russian bureaucracy for their education, to be able to distinguish be- own ends. tween true Christianity and that of Some of the leading Jewish papers base Russia. It would be out of har- in Britain and America have stated mony with things in general if they that it was neither Beilis nor the did not appreciate what Christianity Jews who were really on trial, but has really wrought in the world of that it is Christianity that is on trial, civilization. But it is not so with in the name of which innocent people those who have been brought up in a are hounded, murdered and robbed. dark country like Russia, where the F rom the very beginning the trial common rights of humanity are not lifted from the obscure individual granted to them, where they have to that of the Jewish race. What suffered, and still suffer, every form Christian Russia insists is, that it is of ignominy and oppression at the a Jewish religious demand to murder hands of those who profess to be the a Christian boy for the purpose of followers of the lowly Nazarene.

mixing the victim's blood to make Jews in such lands are led to believe unleavened bread for the Passover. that the sorrows they endure are The press of England, America and visited upon them in His name, and Germany teem with comment on this the result is that they are constrained trial, and all are in harmony in de- to believe that Jesus is responsible for nouncing it as a foul, false, heinous their misfortunes. The persecutions, accusation. spoliations and degradations to which Mendel Beilis is an ordinary J ew- they are unjustly and without cause ish laborer, but the more one hears subjected, and the murders and as- of him the more one is attracted by sassinations which have robbed them the inherent nobility of his character, of their loved ones, have been iden- as shown by his patient endurance. tified with His name. And so, one During his trial he faced his ac- can easily see how the name of cusers with simple-minded courage, Christ and Christianity is held in de- and the few words he uttered in the rision throughout that empire.

Israel Zangwill, when asked to statesmen in high office, given their join the throng of protests, wrote: opinion so freely and directly in favor of the Jewish people. It has I have steadily refused to protest revealed the attitude of enlightened against the Beilis case. What have Christianity toward the Jew in no I to protest about? It is for the unmistakable light! Russians to protest against their country ueing made a laughing-stock; I. The protests of individual Chrise it is for the Christians to protest tian bodies, individual Christian digagainst their religion being made a nitaries and enlightened laymen, and mockery. I should gladly attend a then the united protests, proved that Russian or a Christian meeting to true Christians were ready tcr drop help the poor souls to right them- all their differences, vital as they are, selves in the. eyes of the world. But and to show their earnest determinaa Jewish meeting-Nol tion against what they believed to be unju.st and unholy-and above all, Mr. Zangwill was absolutely right. unchristian, thus showing their sym- It is a solemn time for the "Chris- pathy with the poor, suffering 6,000,- tian" to reflect and to protest against (lOO Jews in that unhappy country, as false Christianity, And the "Chris- well as with the Jewish people in the tian" did handsomely! There never world. was a time in history when all kinds and shades of Christianity joined so 2. The attitude of some of the enwhQle-heartedly and with such de- lightened Christians in Russia itself termined enthusiasm to voice public should excite our keenest admiration; protests all over Germany, Austria, the students stood foremost, but they France, Italy, Britain and America. were found among all classes, even Many enlightened Christians even in street-car conductors joined with the dark Russia protested at the peril Kuban Cossacks regiment, sending a of their livt:s. One's soul 'Could week's salary to help the Beilis cause. not but be filled with ecstasy, when he watched how these meetings were Even the Russian Orthodox Church organized-a dignitary of one church deserted the Czar at the courtroom, presiding, and dignitaries of other and refused to affirm the ritual murchurches delivering impassioned ad- der. At the verdict an old Russian rlresses of protests-not to mention priest embraced Beilis, and said: the leading scientists, statesmen and "My wife and I have prayed for you men of affairs. The united har- throughout the trial." Even the monious spirit that prevailed at these Pope, in two remarkable letters to gatherings-bringing all shades of Lord Rothschild, was ready to give Christians together~showed a won- aid in affirming old Papal Bulls derful possibility, and even gave a against ritual murder. Two Russiau vision of what could be wrought for bishops protested openly. The headl a future and better understanding. of the Catholic Church in Russia dis- owned the priest Paranaitis. whoI Christian Attitude and Jewish Appre- gave base evidence.

ciation The pro-Beilis expressions in R'ug,.- sia outweighed all the anti-Semite Seldom in Jewish history have so outbursts. Remarkable demonstra- many ministers of religion, and

CHRISTIAN AND THE

dons took place at and around the dox papers printed in]erusalem could residence of BeiIis. The whole not help realizing the difference be- Lukianovka district rejoiced at the tween the false and true Christianity. release of the prisoner. Christian neighbors actually regarded Beilis as The Outlook a saint. Many embraced him and wept for joy. One of the jury was The latest census returns give the on his knees an hour, begging a number of Russian-Jews as 6,060,000 friend not to sentence a man whose -an actual increase during the past guilt had not been proved. fifteen years of 845,000. This has revealed a most disappointing and Duma deputies, doctors, lawyers, disquieting situation. For it means have been prosecuted' and have suf- that the constant and heavy immigrafered imprisonment for signing a tion has been more than neutralized' , protest against the accusation; no less by the natural increase of the poputhan six Russian papers have been lation; and in spite of the trains and' confiscated, and the editors have suf- ships that carry the Russian Jews by fered imprisonment; and a number of scores of thousands to other lands, trials are still pending. there is a bigger Jewish popUlation than ever, cooped up in the Pale of All this shows the attitude of the Settlement. Such a fact may well enlightened· Christian, and that even engender a feeling of despair in the in unhappy Russia there are noble hearts of the Jews who rely entirely souls ready and willing to suffer for on philanthropic methods to cope a righteous cause, with the Jewish problem.

All these protests, public meetings, A fter all these endless wanderings, addresses delivered, and the opinions. these numberless institutions, these exprest in the letters of some hun- interminable committee meetings, this dreds of bishops, ministers and lead- unceasing expenditure, the Russian ers of thought in the world, as welt Jewish problem has not advanced an as the kindly attitude of some Chris- inch from where it stood when the tians, were carefully and faithfully great exodus began a generation ago. published in the Jewish papers am over the world. Leading papers, such While new ghettos have been plantas the Jewish Chronicle and the Jew- ed on both sides of the Atlantic, the ish World, have not satisfied them- Pale still exists in all its grim misery, selves with special supplements, giv- with a population driven closer to its ing full details of the attitude of en- walls. Six millions still tremble at lightened Christianity, but they have the word "Pogrom." That is the also printed it in a little book form. net result of thirty years' striving! These went all over the Jewry, and' What a pitiable tragedy! the Jew saw something in Christianity which he never saw before-a. Some may have wondered, in their matter of utmost importance and. innocence, why it is that the Russian gratification. Jews, who are more than six mil- lions, can not accomplish more than We wish we had the space to pro- they actually do, on their own beduce some of the leading appreciative half. The rea-son is that they are articles that appeared. Even ortho- disabled by the customary Jewish

malady of internal strife. It is dis- voices against such an accusation, creditable, but characteristic. and the Jewish people realized their justice. Mission halls and reading- In the struggle between the reac- rooms became the rendezvous for tionary and the progressive powers in those who wanted to know more, and Russia, the Beilis trial is only an in- to be enlightened about the case, as terlude. The attack attempted by the well as to learn news of its progress. reaction has failed this time, but it The missionary became the only corhad the effect of rousing not only rect reporter of proceedings at Kieff. the progressive, but also the en- More than this, the missionary took lightened and respectable elements in the opportunity of bringing the awful Russia. The civilized world on both situation before the churches. For sides of the Atlantic, without regard instance, in Toronto, Canada, when to denomination or faith, has been a the synod of the Presbyterian Church breathless spectator of the combat. met, I prepared a protest and brought Russian reaction is 'most certainly not it before the synod, and it was cardefeated. One fears, indeed, that it ried unanimously. My remarks, as will not for long refrain from fresh well as those of others, were reported assaults, either against the Jews in in the local press, and the Jews were Russia, or the Russian intelligent not slow in showing their gratitude. classes. That is the mournful pros- Even an orthodox rabbi, who is pect, but things are assuredly not the usually antagonistic to the work of same in Russia. Fearful as have our mission, thanked us. been the sufferings of Beilis, terrible as have been the horror and abuse to Thus we have no hesitation in saywhich the Jewish people have been ing that the result has been most subjected, we believe that the recoil satisfactory on behalf of Protestant upon the head of the Russian Govern- Christianity. At first we felt the ment will yet be the heaviest of all. difficulty would be great to get the Jews to realize the difference between We ought to give unhappy Russia Christianity and Christianity, but the our true and whole-hearted sympathy two years of struggle evidently was in her great struggle for liberty. The a most powerful factor in enlightenpeople, church or community that ing the Jews in this respect. Of will stand by her in this her sore course, there is a great deal of spade trial and time of need, will be those work to be done, but we believe that who will also lead her in her eman- a point of contact is established, cipation from ignorance, 'Superstition without doubt. and bigotry, into enlightened Protestant Christianity. The Beilis case has brought about another temporary movement of Influence on Missions solidarity among the Jews. It has also opened the way to a better treat- Whatever the result of this trial ment of Jews by the world at large, n-Iay be, it has created a point of con- and is leading to a better understandtact. From its very beginning the ing of the Christian by the Jew, and Jewish missionaries all over the world an appreciation of each other, which grasped their opportunity in no un- is, to our mind, priceless. mistakable way. They raised their

OF ·BEST

CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK DRAWING ON UNSEEN RESOURCES NE of the most notable the fact that little or no effort was made to advertise the names of even l?OJ utterances at the re- the most prominent speakers who cent Student Volun- were expected to be present." Nor tee r Convention at were there announcements of the Kansas City was that program while the convention was of Doctor John R. in session. Every delegate had to be Mott: "We must draw in his place at every session or run more on our unseen resources." the risk of missing the greatest speech of the convention. Yet the The convention was itself an ob- hall was filled three times a day, and ject lesson on the power of prayer. ill the evening the number turned Blest of God as these quadrennial away at the doors increased from T,000 on Thursday night to 3,000 at student gatherings have ever been, the closing session on Sunday evethis one, the seventh since the for- ning. mation of the Student Volunteer Movement, was the greatest of them Whence, then, did the power all. The attendance was large and come? From God, through prayer. the interest was intense. At times The indispensable place of prayer in such a hush fell upon the assembly all the work of the convention was that, to use the words of a Kansas emphasized at every point, and for City reporter, the rays of light com- weeks beforehand appeals were sent ing in through the windows seemed out for the purpose of enlisting interan intrusion. cessors. "Far more money was spent in asking for cooperation in prayer Wherein did the power of the than in any advertising of speakers convention lie? Not in a popular, or programs," says a leader of the emotional program. "Never was a Movement. program more puritanically simple," says The Missionary Herald. "John Both before and after almost every R. Mott can never be charged with session at Kansas City, little groups creating or permitting any effects gathered for prayer in various parts that stir the emotions. Not even an of the convention halI, and each day occasional burst of applause was per- cards were distributed urging the mitted. It was the array of actual observance of the Morning Watch, conditions on the fields that com- so that the convention was constantly prised the appeal to student life. praying for itself. And by special There was no persuading; no urging agreement there were many praying to place their lives in the missionary for it in all parts of the world. In enterprise." Yet there were many his masterly address on "The Power new recruits for foreign missions, of Prayer," which so deeply moved and thousands of young men and the hearts of his hearers, Doctor women went back to their colleges Horton said that if he was wielding with lives transformed and hearts on any power it was not his own. The fire for God. secret of it lay in the fact that by previous agreement, at that very Nor was the attendance the result hour, carefully computed as to time, of advertising the program or the there was a band of praying men speakers. "One of the remarkable and women on their knees in Lonfeatures of this, compared with former Volunteer Conventions," says The North American Student, "was

don, pleading with God to bless the Isaac Taylor Headland tells of see- message of their pastor across the ing an old blind woman sitting on sea in this far-off city. the bare ground in the cornfield on a Solving Financial Problema Through cold winter day, feeling about her if Prayer by chance she might find a few weeds or cornstalks to light a fire The recent solution, t h r 0 ugh under her brick bed and cook her prayer, of the financial difficulties of morsel of bread, oblivious of the fact two great missionary organization's- that just beneath her was a great the Church Missionary Society and undeveloped coal-mine! the China Inland Mission-demonstrates, no less than the Student What a picture this is of mission- Volunteer Convention, the wisdom of ary organizations, great and small, drawing on the boundless resources laboriously gathering odds and ends of God, instead of trusting in the de- of money, when by drawing on the vices of man. boundless resources of Goel they might have enough and to spare.

During the past five years the The Lack of Public Prayer Church Missionary Society has been accumulating a debt which last year Mr. Benjamin Starr, a layman of amoimted to $370,000. Dismayed by Homer, New York, has been inves- the vast proportions it was assuming, tigating the amount of prayer offered a conference was called at Swanwick, in the average church for the spread England, to carefully investigate the of the Gospel. Having recently matter and decide what to do. Not made the rounds of a number of only the officers and leaders of the churches, visiting their Sunday and Society were invited, but all who had regular mid-week services to see the interests of its work at heart. At what they were praying for, he gave the conference more time was de- the results of his investigations at a voted to prayer than to plans and conference of the United Missionary methods. Note the result. Before' Campaign at Schenectady, N. Y.

the end of the year the entire debt "I have found," he said, "that in had been wiped out and nearly $100,- the majority of churches I visited 000 had been added to the perman- there was almost no time spent in ent income of the Society! Instead prayer for the salvation of the world.

of the retrenchment all along the In some of these churches there was line that had seemed the only way no mention whatever of the cause of cut, great enlargement has now be- missions in the prayers. In one the come possible. whole matter was disposed of in a At the close of 1912, the China single petition: 'God bless the mis- Inland Mission found itself in sore sionaries and their ministries.' The financial straits. The income had praying was all selfish. 'The Lord been the smallest for sixteen years, bless our church; our pastor; our and only by shaving salaries and prayer-meeting; our Sunday-school; postponing furloughs was heavy debt our homes; our children; our sick; avoided. But, true to its practise of our city'-all selfish. Anyone who asking God, not man, for funds, the will take time, as I did, to visit the China Inland Mission betook itself churches and analyze the prayers, to prayer. Ere long a gift of $50,000 will be grieved to find how little from a living giver and a legacy of public prayer there is for missions."

$250,000 from the estate of Mr. At Silver Bay, last July, the Rev.

William Borden came to their relief, George F. Sutherland, secretary of and enabled them to enter upon the the Department of Missionary Edu- advance movements that had been cation of the Methodist C h u r c h , planned. spoke along the same line. "If the In "China's New Day," Doctor prayer we hear in public is equal to

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that offered in private, the total is "Third, we are to begin with the pitifully small," he said. "And the missionaries already on the field, for public prayers we hear are alto- these are God's channels of salvation gether too vague. We ask God to and blessing to the heathen about bless the heathen and the missionaries, them, and they need constant revivand stop there. But that is not praying ing in spirit, soul, and body. for missions. Real praying for missions is definite and intelligent, and "Lastly, we are to begin with the includes the missionaries (special native church in the midst of the ones by name), native oastors and heathen; for extensive and intensive helpers, Bible-women, evangelists, evangelism depends upon the native native churches, hospitals, schools, Christians, and the work of reaching colleges, and so on ad libitum." To the masses will never be accomthis Mr. Sutherland added the fol- plished until prayer is offered and lowing good advice: "Do not pray answered for these. for all these things at one meeting. You will do well if you cover the "When the soul has been exercised whole ground in a year. Whatever about such subjects as the above, you do, don't prav for the heathen in then-and ideally, then only-is one a lump. Take them in sections, that prepared to be an intercessor in beis, by fields or stations." half of the heathen.

Praying for the Heathen "In praying for the heathen it is necessary to understand what are "How ought we to pray for the God's purposes toward them, for much of the ineffectiveness of our vast multitudes who have never praying arises from the fact that our prayers are not in harmony with the heard of Christ?" will of God as revealed in the Vord of God. To illustrate: I once knew Some months ago this question of a man. who prayed: "Oh God. convert the Devil. and do it quick!" was sent to The Sunday School This was a splendid prayer from one standpoint, for it was daring, it went Times for discussion in the depart- to the root of the matter. and pro- posed to God that He should deal ment. "Questions in the Prayer effeetively with the whole question of sin. But it was wholly opposed to Life," conducted in The Times by the revelation of God's purposes as related to Satan and sin. so it re- Mr. Henry W. Frost, of Philadel- mained-as it always will remain—': unanswered. phia, Home Director of the China "The Scriptural testimony concern- Inland Mission. Mr. Frost's consid- ing the heathen is briefly this: First, (;od would have all men to be saved. eration of it, somewhat condensed, Second, he has commanded that the Gospel be preached to all men. Third. was as follows: . He has said that many will believe and be saved. Fourth, He has fore- "The way to pray for the heathen, told that many will disbelieve and be lost. Lastly. He has made it clear in the first place, is not to pray for that when the Gospel has been preached as a world-wide witness. them; for there are some prayers when the saved have heen gathered out from the lost, and certain which must precede such a prayer. national and international events have been fulfilled, Jesus will come "First, we are to begin with our- again, and inaugurate a new age, in selves, since the following questions ought to be settled before God: Are we ourselves right with God? And if we are right, are we ready to answer our prayers for the heathen by doing all we can for them, in giv- ing, and, if need be, in going?

"Second, we are to begin with the church at home; for the heathen will never be saved and blest unless the church is quickened and God's cho- sen ones in it sent forth as his wit- nesses.

which He will reign as King, and the discussions of the class-hour. through which He will reveal new The result was a season of intercespurposes of grace to the children of sion, remarkable for its intelligence, men. definiteness, and fervor.

"This is God's program, as revealed "Mission study classes should be in the Scriptures. Intelligent pray- schools of iutercession."-W. E. ing for the heathen will, therefore, be Doughty. in harmony with these foreknown and foretold plans. And intelligent Meth.Qds of Conducting Services of praying will be effective praying, since it asks God to do what He can Prayer do. and nothing besides. A Service of Silent Prayer.-At the "In view of the above, prayer for Lake Geneva Conferences of the the heathen should include pleadings Missionary Education Movement in that all men may hear the Gospel; I9I2, Mr. Harry Wade Hicks conthat multitudes-God's chosen ones ducted a prayer service that was -may believe; that those who believe deeply impressive. While the audimay tell out the Gospel that other ence stood, with bowed heads, he multitudes may hear and believe; read a number of special objects for and that all of God's purposes may prayer, presenting them one at a be fulfilled in the coming of Christ time, and allowing a brief period and the establishment of His king- after each for silent intercession. dom. The auditorium became intensely still as each one, in the secret of his own "As surely as such prayers are of- heart, lifted up' these petitions to fered, so surely will such issues be God. AU were praying at the same hastened and the great consumma- time for the same things, and there tion be reached." was nothing to distract the attention.

Training in Intelligent Prayer Silent Prayer Preceding Audible Petitions.-A brief period of silent In his advanced study class on prayer closed by one or more audible China, at Silver Bay, last July, Mr. B. prayers at the beginning of the meet- Carter Millikin, secretary of the ing or at any appropriate place dur- Presbyterian Department of Mission- ing the program, is a very helpful ary Education, laid great stress on plan. No form of devotion so quickthe importance of intelligent pray- ly solemnizes the heart and prepares ing. "The crisis is on in China," he it for what is to folIow as silent said at the opening session of the prayer, in which each individual is class. "We have been praying for brought face to face with God. such an awakening for years, but now that it has cOme we lack the in- Meditation before Prayer.-A brief telligence to pray for it." period of meditation on a given topic, followed by a season of prayer, is In order to train the class in intel- another good plan. In a recent numligent intercession for China, one of ber of The Women's Missionary the assignments for work at the first Magazine, Miss Ida B. Little, secresession was to bring in three writ- tary for Young Women in the Uniten prayers suggested by the subject ted Presbyterian Church, suggests a matter of the first chapter of the program on China in which this item text-book to be studied, "The Emer- appears: gency in China," by Doctor Potts. "Meditation-'What sacrifice am I The next day, when the class willing to make for China?' Followed closed with a season of prayer for by a season of prayer." China, Mr. Millikin asked the members either to read the petitions they Prayer in the Dark.-Perhaps had written out beforehand or to there is a suggestion for men's misoffer spontaneous prayers based on sionary meetings in last year's report

I9I 4] DEPARTMENT OF BEST METHODS

of Melvin Trotter's Rescue Mission, Young Men's Christian Association in Grand Rapids, Mich., which tells in an Eastern college, where reports of the wonderful prayer-meetings of the Student Volunteer Convention that are always held in the dark. were presented. The entire prayer of the leader consisted of a number Why in the dark? "Because the of short, definite petitions, with a men prefer it," says The Record of pause between each long enough to Christian Work. "In the dark they compel attention and keep the mind are safe from distractions and dis- on the topic. turbing- elements of any kind. They are wonderful meetings. Sometimes Maps and Prayer.-Maps are everybody seems praying at once, yet great inspirers of prayer. At a conwithout confusion. The very atmos- ference of the Southern Methodist phere seems charged with spiritual Church, held in New Orleans in power." IgoI, it was the priviIeg-e of one of the speakers from the North to oc- Following the Prayer Leader.- cupy a seat next to Mrs. F. Howard Many a devout Christian who desires Taylor (nee Geraldine Guinness), of to follow the one who is leading in the China Inland Mission. Above prayer, and make the petitions his the platform hung- an immense map own, finds to his sorrow that it is of the world, and it was a sight almost impossible to do so. So many never to be forgotten to see that thoughts crowd the mind that it is devout and earnest missionary turn hard to keep it from wandering- off her face to the map whenever there to other things. Much of the power was an intermission between speakers of public prayer is lost in this way. or a pause of any sort, and fix her Perhaps the following remedy will gaze upon it. From the expression help a little. At Silver Bay last of her face, there could be little July there were many Episcopalians doubt that she had withdrawn herpresent, and whenever prayer was self from the world, and was reoffered they responded to each pe- deeming the time by interceding with tition, as is their custom in their own God for the redemption of the world. churches, with softly uttered, yet audible, "Amens." On Sunday morn- Doctor Somerville, of Scotland, ing, at the church service, on hearing used to declare that a pocket-atla!> of the "Amens" coming from all parts the world was the best of all prayerof the auditorium during prayer, the books, and while moderator of the thought suggested itself that if Chris- Free Church Assembly in 1886. tians of all denominations should proved his assertion by a series of follow suit, and respond to each pe- remarkable prayers, in which he intition with "Amen" (So let it be), terceded for all the nations of the "The Lord grant it," "Praise the earth in turn. The states and terri- Lord," or any appropriate phrase, tories of the United States and the not necessarily out loud, but silently divisions of India and other nonin the heart, it would keep the mind Christian lands, together with many from wandering. of the principal cities in each, were prayed for by name and with an in- The prayer-leader can do much to telligence that showed a wide grasp help in this. At Silver Bay, tho the of the whole world-field. public prayers are entirely spontaneous, they seem to be somewhat An almost ideal season of map-inmodeled after the prayers in the spired prayer was once held by a Episcopal Prayer-book, each petition mission study class in a Young Men's being- for a definite object of praise Christian Association. With a map or prayer with a very brief, scarcely of the world before them, they spent perceptible pause between. The same an hour and a half in silent prayer. thing was noticeable in the opening One by one the fields were taken up prayer of a recent meeting of the until the globe was girdled with pe-

tition, but no word was spoken save "For Africa-I will give thee the by the leader, who from time to heathen for thine inheritance. ·time announced the countries in their turn. "Asia-And the uttermost parts of the earth for thy possession. At Kansas City nothin~ inspired more prayer than the great map of "Europe-Godless Europe, money- the world above the platform, show- loving Europe, unclean Europe; pu- ing the fields where volunteers had rify her and fill her with thy Spirit; already gone to work for Christ. "One and London, worst of all; we pray of the greatest moments of the con- for London. vention," says The Missionary H eraid, "was when the great silence fell "Hear us, Lord, for Thy Church, upon the audience, and continued for divided, unclean, mixed; let her be the space of twenty minutes, while filled with Thy Spirit, teach her to Doctor Horton led us in intercession pray, help her to intercede for the for the continents in turn-North world, put on her beautiful garments, America, South America, Asia, Afri- put on her the armor of God, give ca, the Islands, Europe-ending her thy hand, that she may rise with with his own country, Great Britain, power to conquer the world. Hear and his own city, London." our prayer, 0 gracious God! Our Father who art in heaven, hallowed This wonderful period of inter- be Thy name, Thy will be done. cession came at the close of Doctor Horton's great address on prayer, "Gracious Father, permit us all and was focused on the map. The henceforth to be intercessors for the North A merican St1~dent gives the 'Kingdom of God. Enroll us on that following stenographic report of the great roll of those who plead for the words he used in conducting it, to- coming of the Kingdom with effecgether with the brief prayer he of- tive power. When we are separate fered at the close: from one another over all the coun- tries of the world, may we constantly "Dr. Mott says I must lead your tillite in spirit together, as we do at intercession. Not on any account. this moment, to plead with Thee for You know who must lead it. All I the coming of that Kingdom, and to have to do myself is to intercede. exercise this united ministry of in- That is all you have to do for fifteen tercession through Jesus Christ our minutes, to intercede. What for? Lord. Amen." Look at the map, that map of all the countries of the earth. That is what "Can we not duplicate every woman working in China by a praying-mate * * * you must intercede for-nothing definitely set apart to the work of in- tercession at home ?"-Mrs. Helen else. Barrett Montgomery, in "H~lps for "I will not read any passage, nor China's New Day."

utter any prayer. We will take the Missionary Prayer Usb continents, and pray for them. I will tell you when to go over from Keeping lists of special persons America to Africa, to Asia, to Eu- and specific objects to be prayed for rope. Give your whole heart, in the is one of the best aids to systematic name and power of Jesus Christ, to and intelligent intercession for mispray for these continents, that they sions. This was one of the things may become the Kingdom of God, especially recommended to beginners in the prayer-life by Doctor HortolJ that over each of them Christ may at Kansas City. reign the undisputed Lord, and that at His command every· knee may It is the custom of the Rev. Ding bow. Bow your' heads and pray in Li Mei, the greatest evangelist in silence. China (some say, in all the world), "For America-North America, to k~ep lon¥ lisls9f ~hos,e for wlJom South America-Thy King-dom come.

OF BEST METHODS

he prays himself and whom he asks thought he could pray for nearly to join him in praying for others. every member of the Mission by lo- This is one of the secrets of his cality and name, which means that marvelous power. W1'en in China, he could visit in thought over two hundred stations and mention over Mr. J. Campbell White met Pastor one thousand persons. 'Oh,' you say, 'but he has a remarkable memory.' Ding and heard of the long hours he Yes, he has, but that is not the full spent in interceding for those whose explanation of it. He has prayed so names were on his lists, and of the often for these missionaries and their remarkable answers that were grant- work that their names lie upon his ed to his prayers. On his return, heart. It is nothing short of a lib- Mr. White told his brother, Doctor eral education to bend. the knee be- W. W. White, of the New York side this man of God and hear him Bible Teachers' Training School. all pray, he goes into such details, and about it. Not long after, when Doc- willingly takes such long periods of tor White was himself in China, he. time to fulfil this ministry of inter- too, met Pastor Ding. In conversa- cession. * * * ."Jion with the great evangelist, he "I remember an address that the . said to him that he would like very much to have his name on one of hi's Rev. J. Hudson Taylor once gave, in prayer-Iisls,' "It is there now." was the astonishing reply. "You are No. which he said that he once made a I knew of the good work discovery that awakened and startled you are doing and wished to share in him. He had been interested in it. " China, and he used to begin praying The question has been raised for that land and would pray for it whether it is a physical possibility so long that he had little time to give for a man to pray with intelligent in- to other countries. So he determined terest for so many persons as this. that he would reverse the process, It seems incredible, yet it must be a beginning with the forgotten lands possibility, for others beside Pastor and ending with China. On thinking Ding have been able to accomplish it. about it, he decided that South And that, too, without the great America was the country most fre- powers of memory characteristic of quently left out, and from that time the Chinese. Hudson Taylor, foun- on usually began his prayer with that der and general director of the China Inland Mission, was able to do it, * country. Then, he added, 'You may and Mr. D. E. Hoste, his successor, does it at the present time. be sure I never forget China.' * * In an address on "How We May "As I speak, I am far away in Become Intercessors,"* given before the All-Day Prayer Conference, held China, traveling in a house-boat. in the Brick Church in New York There are, in the boat, besides the City last November, Mr. Henry W. native crew, Mr. and Mrs. Hudson Frost gave glimpses of the prayer- Taylor and myself. It is night, and, life of these two great English lead- disturbed for some reason, I can not ers of the Lord's hosts in China, sleep, but am lying awake in the which reveal something of the darkness. In a little, I hear the breadth of their intercessory powers. striking of a match, and then I see, Mr. Frost spoke as follows: through the thin curtain, the flicker "In speaking of his prayer-life, of a light. I know now what it is. Mr. Hoste once told me that he Mr. Taylor, who is not strong in his old age, and ought to be asleep, is • An excellent rellort of Mr. Frost's address, up and astir. Through the curtain I together with reports of those of four other no- see him sitting, bending over the table speakers at this AIl·Day Pra:!,er Confer- Word of God. Then, presently, I ence, was printed in the issue of The Su.nday hear him pray. Through the hour, .$;choo~ Timu for January 17, 1914•. or, possibly, two hours, I hear the pleading voice, the escaping sigh.

This man of God is interceding, am- discouragements loomed up large beply and specifically, and identifying fore me. At the first out-station we himself with God and men. This is sat, the young Chinese preacher and the explanation of the midnight hour, I, in his sitting-room, with its the many words, and the sigh which straight-backed chairs, small teaamolints almost to a sob." tables, and a shelf of books neatly labeled anel carefully arranged. The If you can not spend long hours walls were decorated with some all your knees, like Hudson Taylor, scrolls and a picture or two. Hangif you can not intercede for thou- ing over the table were large sheets sands, like Mr. Haste and Ding Li of paper, with Chinese characters Mai, you can at least select one mis- written so large as to be read across sionary and pray for him or her. the room. I asked if they were for .Those who are willing to el)ter God's lise in the chapel. school of intercession, as a rule, find themselves promoted, step by step. "'No,' said the preacher, who was The joy and gladness that comes once a farm hand and had hated the from participation in this form of Gospel so much that he planned to missionary work spur one on and on burn clown the chapel, 'I use them until name after name is added to every night at family prayers as a the list of missionaries aided in this reminder of certain things we must way. all never fail to remember.'

"Prayer is the first and chief meth- "The force is somewhat lost by od of helping to solve the missionary the following translation, but I' give problem. Will not every reader of vou a fairly literal rendering, pre- this help in the effort to get a definite serving the idiom: group of people at home into the habit of supporting by daily prayer I. Oh, Lord, bless the Church. each missionary in the thick of the 2. Oh, Lord, resurrect the hearts of fight?"-J. Campbell White. the church-members. Missions at the Family Altar' 3. Oh. Lord, bless the people of this "The Christian family forms an district, and give them to believe ideal prayer group," says Mr. W. E, the Gospel. Doughty, editorial secretary of the 4. Oh, Lord, bless the preaching of Laymen's Missionary 2lovement. the Word and the distribution of "Carefully planned family devotions, the books. with definite subjects for prayer, will 5. Oh, Lord, bless China; now there be richlv fruitful." is danger for her; bring other countries to be at peace with her; Fran; far-off China comes the help us to a true love of country. story of a family altar where there 6. Oh, Lord, take away the bitterness is definite praying day by day for of the persecuted Koreans. definite objects concerning the spreacJ of the Kingdom. In the account of "His wife was sick in bed upstairs a tour among the out-stations of and his children asleep, but before we separated for the night, we Kashing, the Rev. J. Mercer Blain, knelt on the cold floor and prayed. This plain ex-laborer carried me up of the Southern Presbyterian Church, with him. Nat one petition was tells of it in The Missionary Survey) overlooked, and many others were as follows: added. My strength was renewed; it was communion of soul with soul, "The night was cold, the wind anel of man with God. Is there not was blowing hard, and it was rain- great hope for the Chinese Church ing. I was physically weary and with such praying men as this?"

EDITORIALS

MISSIONARY SITUATION IN The schools at Monterey, San MEXICO Luis Potosi, and Guadalajara have continued without interrup- DAME RUMOR is ever an unre- tion. liable news-vender, and even ap- 2. Methodist Episcopal C h u r c h (North) : 8 men and their wives, parently reliable source~ ?f in for~na­ located in Mexico City, Puebla, Pachuca, and Guanajuato. The tion too often spread mlsmformatlon. schools are more full of students than ever, and the churches· are One traveler who recently returned well attended. 3. The American Board: 3 men and from Mexico made the remarkable 7 women, located at Chihuahua, Guadalajara, Parral, and Hern;ostatement that there were more Prot- sillo. Attendance at the natIve churches has been larger than in estant churches in ~fexico City than ordinary times, and schools at Chihuahua, Guadalajara, and Parin all the rest of the country put to- ral have been continued with the usual numbers. The missionary gether! He also said that practically in Hermosillo has been working among the revolutionary (Constiall the missionaries have left the coun- tutional) troops, and has met with most cordial treatment. He has try, and that there are in all Mexico dis p 0 sed of an unexpected amount of Christian literature and now only about 1,000 Protestant New Testaments. 4. Protestant Episcopal Missions: 6 Christians. "The remainder are for- men ancl 4 women, at Guadalajara, Mexico City, and Puebla. Many eigners" he said, "and all but about of the native congregations are roo of'these have left the country." badly scattered, and in some places temporarily abandoned. The man who made these statements is The schools at Guadalajara and in Mexico City are open, and in the a Christian, in sympathy with missions, latter place are planning to build an addition to the Hooker School. and has visited many of the coast 5. Presbyterian Missions (North): 8 men and 5 women, at Mexico towns. His misinformation came from City, Coyoacan, Zacatecas, Sa!- tiIlo, Zitacuaro, and Aquas Calt- Consuls and other government of- entes. The Yucatan district is re- ported quiet, and the work in a ficials-too many of whom know less flourishing- condition. Even more than usual interest in spiritual life about the Protestant Christian insti- is shown by people in many of the stations. During the week of tutions in Mexico than they know prayer there were well-attendea union meetings in Mexico City. about the bull-fights. . Most of the 35 schools and 46 churches are conducted as usual. Correspondence with missiomiri~s and the 18 Mission Boards at work 111 Mexico reveals the fact that most .of the mission-schools and churches are still open and are conducted as us~a1.

At the beginning of the revolutIOn, about two years ago, there were 3.3 I organized Protestant churches, WIth 24,771 Mexican commun!c~nt mem- bers. There are more Chnshans there to-day, altho some of the churches. a.re now temporarily dosed, or are 111111IS- tereel to by Mexican pastors and teachers. Some of the stations have been broken up by the revolution, but will be opened again at the restoration of peace.

Among the missionaries still at their posts are the following: I. Methodist Episcopal C h u r c h (South) : 4 men and 4 w~men, .lo- cated in Monterey, MexIco CIty, Guadalajara, and San Luis Potosi.

6. Presbyterian Missions (South): for law and order; while Villa is of 2 men and I woman at Matamoras the cowboy type, with rough strength and Montemore1os. The greatest of character, but inclined to take the danger is from bandits. execution of law into his own hands if he deems it necessary. He became 7. Southern Baptist Convention a bandit on being obliged to flee for Missions: 5 men and 3 women, his life after killing a Federal soldiel located at Toluca, Leon, Saltillo, who had seduced his sister. He is not Chihuahua, Torreon, and the fitted for a position of authority, but West Coast. The schools at To- has a mountaineer's sense of right and luca and Saltillo are open as usual, justice. In the event of the success and are well attended. of Huerta, it is believed that the Ro- manists would come into greater 8. Woman's American Baptist Home power, and the only government Mission: 4 women, in Mexico would be by military authority. City and Puebla. The work is conducted as usual in all the mis- The raising of the embargo on arms sion schools. Monterey has been from the United States has no doubt the scene of battle. increased the danger to Americans in districts occupied by revolutionists 9. S eve nth Day Adventists. 17 and by bandits. It is generally be- workers, at Mexico City, San Luis lieved by missionaries that interven- Potosi, Monterey, and Guadala- tion would be a mistake, as it would be jara. The colporteurs are still en- extremely costly in life and money. gaged in their work, with little It would also probably mean ultimate interruption, One Italian colpor- annexation, and the placing of a garri- teur, who was threatened by the son of United States soldiers in every Constitutionalists with death as a important Mexican town. spy, was saved by a page from a Spanish Gospel Hymn-book found What the people in Mexico City in his pocket. may expect if the Zapata brothers, who are conducting the revolution ro. American Bible Society: I woman, south of Mexico City, conquer and in Yucatan. enter the city may be judged fro'm the following information, sent bv I I. International Y. M. C. A.: 5 men, a gentleman residing in Mexico City: in Mexico City, Chihuahua, and Monterey. MANIFESTO DEL 12. Disciples of Christ: 6 workers GENERAL EMILIANO ZAPATA in Piedras Negras. The institute and orphanage are conducted as TO THE INHABITANTS OF THE CITY OF MEXICO usual-a very useful work. Emiliano Zapata, General-in-Chief of 13. Brethren (Christian Missions in the Divisions of the South and the Many Lands): 3 men, I woman Center, to the inhabitants of the City in Tehuacan and Mexico City. of Mexico. Let it be known: Sunday-schools are still open in Orizaba and Rio Blanco. The 1st-That in council of war it has been most important branch of the determined to take the City of Mexico work is the free distribution of hy blood and fire. the Gospel paper El Sembrador (The Sower). 2nd-That unrelenting justice will be meted out to all the enemies of the It is the general opinion of mission- cause that are responsible for real aries that the triumph of the Consti- crimes, being judged by authorities who tutionalists would be greatly to the shall be named for the purpose. advantage of Mexico and of Protestant Christianity. Huerta is a man 3rd-That the property of the conof low character and ideals, and owes demned shall be used for the support of the Constitutional Army. ' his position only to his fighting ability and his unscrupulous character. Car- 4th-That all officers and commanders ranza has some ability, and has respect of the so-called Federal Army will be shot without trial, because of being the only ones who are supporting the usurper.

5th-That in case of surrender before the beginning of the combat, the lives for the conversion of men to Christ of such will be respected, in case they and a sense of the unique power of are not guilty of other crimes. the Holy Spirit are praying and working for an adequate and unified 6th-The traitors, Huerta and Blan- missionary program. The Christian quet, after a swift process of law, will converts on the foreign fields are debe degraded publicly, and hanged in the manding less emphasis on differences balconies of the National Palace, as a and more emphasis on essentials, to universal warning. unite the churches of the mission fields. Laymen at home are becom- 7th-The rest of the Cabinet will be ing more and more impatient with shot without further cause. theological quibbling and more in- sistent on Christian cooperation, with 8th-The lives and interests of the economy and efficiency in service and foreigners who are neutral will be re- a practical manifestation of the Spirit spected. Only those will be punished of Christ. who have taken active part in the politics of the country, after tria1. There is, of cours-e, a danger lest this spirit of fellowship, which some- 9th-That five days will be given to times not only includes all Christian the inhabitants of the City of Mexico sects, but Jews, Moslems and infidels, who wish to get away from the horrors shall cause disloyalty to Jesus Christ of the figbt, to leave the city. and His standards from fear of creating dispute and discord; but 10th-All the executions will be pub- those who acknowledge Jesus Christ lic, in the Plaza de la Constitution. as Son of God and the only Savior. and hold to the necessity of absolute 11th-The unworthy Press will .say obedience to God as His will is rethat forces have been sent out, and that vealed in the Bible, need not fear to they have defeated us, but this will be unite in worship and service. false, for all we have ever seen is the backs of the Federals. One of the great forces for Chris- tian union in mission fields has been 12th-As it favors the best results, the the Edinburgh Conference and the day when the assault on the city is to Continuation Committee under the begin will not be known. leadership of Dr. John R. Mott. His recent world tour with the sec- Cuartel General en Milpa Alta, D. F., tional and national conferences in December 16, 1913, India, China and Japan have brought together missionaries and native GENERAL EMILIANO ZAPATA. Christian leaders as never before. Their reports brought out the extent The missionary societies at work in of unoccupied territory in each coun- Mexico have now an unusual oppor- try, the foolish rivalries and lack of tunity to come together and to agree cooperation, the great opportunities in upon a policy of readjustment and co- the face of decaying idolatry and operation at the return of peace. A the tremendous urgency due to the letter has been sent out by the Com- present open-mindedness of the peomittee on Latin-America, representing ple and the growth of irreligion. the Foreign Missions Conference, and Most important of all, perhaps, it is earnestly hoped that these boards was the' formation of Continuation and societies will come to some prac- Committees in India, China and Japtical agreement in the spirit of Chris- an. These committees are to contian comity, economy, and efficiency. tinue the work of promoting coopera- Union schools and coneges, union hos- tion and unity. pitals, and presses may be then established, and a division of territory, Another development of recent to avoid pn!sent duplication, and to years is the establishment of union care for the unoccupied districts. In the time of war let us prepare for peace.

UNION AND UNITY IN MISSIONS T HERE is no doubt that the move- ment toward Christian union is growing both at home and abroad. Missionaries with a broad vision of the needs of the world-field and a knowledge of the scattered and inadequate forces, with a deep desire schools and colleges, seminaries and fore God till we get it. No waitmedical work, publishing houses and ing for this is wasted time. Better industrial work in foreign fields. At one day, with power from on high, home there is a new emphasis on than a hundred or a thousand in its union training-schools for mission- absence. God would not have us aries, more (:onferences on special neglect the natural basis of studious fields and topics and united cam- and systematic preparation, for grace paigns in the churches. sets no premium on sloth, and a mind and heart fitted by devout study of There are still some denominations the "Vord of God is most likely to that insist on their "shibboleths" as be endued. essential to fellowship and cooperation but as we come into greater one- As has often been said, but needs ness with Jesus Christ, our Lord, to be continually repeated, men, we must of necessity come closer money, machinery, organization are together and as we emphasize more not able to convert the world. Withthe necessity of immediate and ab- out the Power of God working solute obedience to Him we will through them, they are dead. One not fail to work more earnestly and man of prayer, Spirit-filled, consehannoniously together. The idea of crated and energized by God, can union into one earthly organization accomplish more in one year for must of necessity be secondary to the Kingdom of Christ than can a unity in loyalty, purpose and plan of thousand men not so endued in a cencampaign. tury. In these days when education and contact with western civilization TWO IMPERATIVE MISSIONARY are bringing the thought of the world to the attention of the East, the fruits NEEDS of Christianity are more desired than the roots. Intellectual progress is THERE are two points in which more desired than spiritual growth, the missionaries now on the and social service for temporal betforeign field are absolutely agf'eed: terment is esteemed of greater value ( I) The need of more missionaries than individual sequestration into to take care of unoccupied fields and spiritual life. Better send no more to accept the new opportunities pre- missionaries to foreign lands than to sented. Dr. John R. Mott says that send those who have doubts or unfrom the time he landed in Ceylon settled convictions in regard to the until he left the Japanese islands deity of Jesus Christ, the final auseveral months later there was one thority of the Bible as the rule ot unbroken appeal for more missionaries. Even in Japan, eight per faith and practise, the reality of the cent. of the population have not power of prayer to accomplish obheard the facts of the Gospel and jective as well as subjective results, the missionaries asked for 400 new the necessity of regeneration through foreign workers in the next four faith in Jesus Christ to insure spirityears. Now is the time to take ad- ual life here and hereafter, and the vantage of the opportunity. power of the Spirit of God as the one force on which we must rely for (2) But another and still more im- the bringing of mankind to Christ. perative need is that every man and woman sent out by the Christian When there is a great and true churches !irall have a dear, positive, Christlike. missionary message and spiritual awakening in our churches shall be filled with the Holy Spirit and seminaries at home there will and with power. The anointing by be an unselfish exodus of consecrated the Holy Spirit for service is the men and money into all the neediest greatest need in missions, both at home. and abroad. Let us tarry be- and most difficult fields of the world.

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MISSIONARY NEWS INDIA organize a mISSIOnary society to FChristianity and the Census in India bring light into the hearts and lives ROM the 1911 census of India of the blind, the deaf and the dumb Dr. J. ]. Lucas, of Allahabad, in the United Provinces. The census the veteran Presbyterian missionary, returns report 27:125 deaf mutes in made an interesting report to the the United Provinces, and 105,722 conference in Allahabad. Referring persons who are blind of both eyes; to the advance made by Christianity yet there are but two institutions in in the United Provinces, with their the whole territory which make any population of nearly 50,000,000, the provision at all for these sufferers.

Government census superintendent The Future Women of India says: A "One of the most striking features N educatecl native of India, Miss Susie Sorabji, who comes of a of this census is the very large in- crease of Indian Christians. In 1881 notable family of Parsis, has given the figures were 13,225, equivalent in the Dllyanodaya (Bombay) a to 3 per 10,000. In 191 I the Chris- striking prophecy of the future of In- tians numbered 136AC>sJ, or 29 per dian women.

w,ooo. The percentage of the in- "I see, as through the vista of the crease has been 98.2 since 19oI, or coming years, the Indian woman 929.5 since 188r." emancipated, honored, raised, occupy- These converts are mainly of the ing her God-given place as the mis- lower castes, but the superintendent, tress of her husband's home. Till E. A. H. Blunt, writes: "I feel sure woman is recognized as the home- that the Christian of 191 I is in a maker in India, we can not expect much less unhappy condition than he any Indian homes, in this country of was ten years ago, and the reason, palaces-and hovels.

in large measure, I put down to the "Again, in the land where women fact that he himself is a better man. doctors_ are so necessary, I see those . . . There can be no question that women with their gentle touch, their year by year Christianity is becoming noiseless steps, their soothing voices, far more of a reality for those who their undying patience, drawing upon adopt it." that fund of endurance which the Mr. Blunt thinks that the increase Eastern woman possesses in such in numbers should have been greater. abundant measure, and working long in view of the early development of hours without food or rest for some Christianity from the lower strata of precious life. For no other field of society, the Galilean fisherman, the active labor are the women of India Roman slave, and the pagan savage, more fitted, and it is only Chris- lip to the higher. "With the ex- tianity that makes it possible for ample of what was achieved in the them to enter it.

past before us," he says, "its success in HI see Indian women in the schools, Jndia need not therefore cause sur- where their quick intuition, their prize, and the important question for vivid imagination, their ready re- consideration appears to me to be sponse to the child's moods, their not why it has been successful, but wonderful flow of language render why it has been no more successfuL" them invaluable as teachers. All Dr. Lucas also asked if the Con- this will surely be in the near future, tinuation Committee could not call for the heart of woman in India is on the blind in Christian lands to crying for something outside the nar-

row limits of a religion that is effete. ing in the fields. A few years ago, "So I see the long, long lines of you heard very few people praying. To-day from thousands of hearts and India's women, Hindu and Moslem, lips is going up the prayer: '0, Farsi and Jain, lifting on high the Jesus Christ, have favor on me, reburnished, shining lamp of faith, member me, and save me from sin!' walking white-robed through this A few years ago, except in the dark, heathen land of ours, with homes of the workers, there was no eyes aflame with holy fire and hearts family prayer. To-day, the family aglow with Christlike love." altar is being established all over this field. To-day, our common greeting A Moslem School for Girls is: 'Are you happy?' Answer: 'All happy inside. Jesus is inside my EVER since the Lucknow Confer- heart.' " ence of Missionaries Among Moslems was held three years ago, T Questions which Trouble Hindus both opportunities and opposition HE Hindus of the Panjab have have been growing. "There is an had another conference. The open door and there are many ad- presiding officer "strongly recomversaries." Several Mohammedan mended amelioration of the opprest girls have come into the Lucknow c~asses; prohibition of early mar- Methodist School as boarders, and a nage, reform of sadhus (religious great deal of correspondence has beggars or 'holy men'), female edugone on with parents who are think- cation, and relief to widows and ing of sending their daughters there. orphans." . They again solemnly re- "The chief adversary just now," says solved "that not only considerations Miss Ruth Robinson, "is a school for of humanity and justice, but even Mohammedan girls, which has re- self-interest demands that the uncently been opened in Lucknow, in touchables be regarded as on an charge of a Canadian girl who be- equal footing with the other Hindus came a Mohammedan ten years ago, and made part and parcel of the while living in London. Her chief community." So it is recommended purpose in coming to India, she told that schools be started for their edua friend of mine, is to teach women cation all over the country with a that their religion gives a higher view to making them better citizens place to women than any other re- of the empire. While they resolve ligion in the world. She conducts this, some hundreds of Christian her school on orthodox Mohamme- missionaries are, with their helpers, dan lines, teaching the Koran every doing it, making myriads of them day, and keeping the girls in strict citizens of Christ's own empire. One seclusion or purdah." reads of prosecutions of those aiding a widow's suttee, of those making a Singing the Lord's Song business of stealing and selling girls. One girl, eight years old, had been D ~SCR!BIN<! the state of affairs sold to three different men, to each , in hls nelghborhood, the tes- of whom she had been "married." timony of Rev. C. E. Parker (Vikarabad, India) is: "A few Converted by Bible-reading years ago, throughout this district, a Christian song could not be heard, THE Bible in the Warld gives the unless sung by a Christian worker, following incidents, which show or some little children, here and the evangelistic power .of the Word there, who had been taught. To-day, of God, even when not explained by all along the roads the people are the living voice of a missionary.. singing praises to God, and the old, obscene songs are given up. The men While paying a visit in the Panjab are singing at the well; the women to a remote village a Government singing at the mill; the farmers sing-

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school inspector saw a pandit teach- pathy over one of its chief sessions. Then not a church nor a school. ing a group of disciples. Drawing Now well toward a thousand Bapnear to listen, he was astonished to tist churches, and many hundreds catch the familiar words of St. Mat- of Christian schools, represented at thew's Gospel. He asked the pandit this great gathering in the hall of how he came to be teaching out of the Baptist College. Then a lonely St. Matthew. In reply the pandit missionary nucleus; now nearly a told him that at the time of the hundred delegates from the homeland Indian Mutiny he had seen many and from various Christian bodies houses looted, and the books found in India, Siam, China, and Japan, in them thrown away as useless. including alert secretaries of the Among some of these discarded Young Men's Christian Association, books he had noticed this copy of Young Women's Christian Associathe Gospel, which he picked up and tion, Christian Endeavor, and the read. He had found that what he British and Foreign Bible Society." read was so good that he had taught it in turn to his followers. He had But much remains to be done in constantly made use of St. Mat- the Christian conquest of Burma. thew's Gospel since then, and his Among 8,000,000 Burmese Buddisciples agreed with him that its dhists, there are only 3,000 Burwords were very good. .. mese Christians. The vast ma- jority of the converts are from Judlon's Day and Ours in Burma among the Karens of various tribes, and they have come out of animism. T HE Judson centenary was cele- brated in Rangoon in December Slaves Set Free i:a Assam by a week of meetings, in describing which one writer makes the follow- I N the hills of Assam the prophecy ing comparisons: of Isaiah is being fulfilled, and the Gospel is bringing liberty to the "What if Judson could have stept captives. One Christian chief, out of that day in July, 1813, into Hrangkima, a few months after his the vast audience room of the splen- conversion, wrote to the missionary did Cushing Memorial at the Ran- in charge, "Now I am determined to goon College, and could have seen continue believing in God's Vord. the company that literally packed it Therefore, in the name of the Lord from session to session! What a Jesus, I have freed 26 families of contrast to the Burma of a century slaves who are in my village. Now ago! Then the barest beginning of we, all the members of my family, Scripture translation. Now the have given ourselves to the Lord Hible in six languages. Then not a Jesus. It is very happy." This act Christian. Now 65,000 membership means a sacrifice of over one in Baptist churches, and as many thousand rupees, a very large sum more definite adherents, in all more in Assam. Another Christian chief than half the total Christian com- of Lushai, Assam, Hrangvunga by munity of Burma. Then a filthy name, in freeing his 41 families of stockade town of 10,000 people, slaves, wrote to them in these words: straggling along the bank of the "In the name of the Lord Jesus I Irrawaddy. Now a splendid city of free you from your slavery. In 300,000, under enlightened, progres- like manner as you are freed by me sive British rule. Then a sullen, hos- from slavery, be freed from the tile community on every side. Now slavery of sin, and believe in Jesus, throngs of bright, attractive, welcom- then you will have eternal life. ing faces, and wonderful voices in Altho you are freed from being a Christian song. Then a murderous slave to me, unless you are freed pagan king. N ow a British Lieuten- from the slavery of sin you are still ant-Governor, presiding in full sym-

in very great slavery. Jesus suffered magistrate alld the military com- on the cross of wood to free us from mander. The latter was baptized in slavery and that we might have life the old chapel, and is a very out- by believing in Him. To follow Him spoken Christian. On the next Lord's is very necessary for you and for Day, I9 men and 23 women and I3 me." children were baptized. The church CHINA now has a membership of over 300, T Population of the Republic and is entirely self-supporting, also HE most recent and, in fact, the supporting a school which will be- only trustworthy enumeration of come a power in the next few years.

the population of China shows that China Leading in Christian Union ill the limits of China proper there are 302,000,000 people six years old REV. A. C. BOWEN of Chang Chow writes: and over. vVhen those under six years are added, it brings the popu- "There is a great tendency in the l'rotestant churches of China toward lation up to about 320,000,000. union. There is manifest a great de- Taking the country as a whole, the. sire for cooperation along all lines of density of population averages that church work, to recognize members of the State of New York, or 208 to of all denominations as brethren and the square mile. In some provinces members' of the Church of Christ, it is greater, but in most parts of and a willingness to receive all such. the country the population is rela- without requiring them to be retively as sparse as that of Maine. If baptized or to take again Church the United States had as many peo- vows. Emphasis is being laid upon ple to the square mile as China, how- Church comity as nev~r before. The ever, our population would be over churches are realizing that the essen- 600,000,000. – Pittsburgh Christian tials of salvation are accepted by all Advocate. in common, and that nearly alL if not all, of their differences result The Open Door in China C H1..jNG LAU is a market town, from cleaving to the non-essentials. about 160 miles south of Canton, They are thus seeking, and, I be- and said to have 40,000 inhabitants, lieve, wisely, to bring Protestant and the villages surrounding it num- Christendom into one grand union, ber about 100. A Presbyterian chapel leaving, in the course of time, to the has been there for twenty years. Church of Christ in China a unified Much hostility was manifested toward system of doctrine and polity. It is those who favored the Gospel during remarkable what a gracious spirit of the first ten years, and the work was unity exists among us. 'vVe are com- hard, with about thirty converts as ing constantly closer together and, the results. A few weeks ago a fine we believe, the time is not far away church was dedicated at Chung Lan. where there will abide only the spirit Its site cost $1,500 gold, all paid of unity, cooperation and mutual for by Chinese. The San Ning magis- helpfulness."

trate, and the military commander of Another missionary, Rev. W. H.

three districts, came by train, to be Gleysteen, of Peking, says that the present at the opening. They were native Christians of that city have met at the depot by a large company already eliminated from their vocab- of Christians, with banners and music. ulary almost entirely the denomina- and a procession of 500 was· formed tional names which the missionaries and marched through the market to among them still feel obliged to the chapel. More than 1,500 persons maintain. In Peking no Chinaman were at the church, but only 700 could speaks of the Presbyterian church or find seats. Addresses were made by the Methodist church, but designates the native preachers, and also by the these two houses of worship as "th<

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church at Second Street," and "the Watts O. Pye, of Fenchow, which church at Filial Piety Street." lays out with far-sighted wisdom a I Good News from Hainan scheme of mission and governmental cooperation, safeguarding all inter- N one village 23 families out of ests. l1r. Pye states that the lead- 25 are reported to be Christian. ing officials and gentry of the dis- At Fong-Khom, where the first trict are behind this offer. Realizing Christian, a few years ago, was per- that they can not manage their own secuted and forced to pay money for schools on account of the graft, exorcism, now 15 out of 30 families ignorance and inefficiency of their are Christian, and meet daily for teachers, they turn to the mission- family prayer. On Sabbaths they aries. The Prudential Committee, reach the chapel at nine in the morn- upon receiving this message, simply ing and stay until four or five in the did not dare refuse such a clear afternoon. At the village of INak- providential opening. The Home De- dong a group has sprung up from a partment accordingly was authorized boy who came to our school and went to proceed at once, in the hope of home and taught his people. .They securing the necessary funds and are now preparing to build a workers.

thatched chapel. Here the Christians Already the workers are in sight.

not only say grace before meals, but As for the money, it will take not whenever they start out for work less than $IO,oOD this year, and they gather for a prayer, and before $4,000 per year thereafter, and for starting back from their fields they this the Board is making an earnest have another prayer to thank God appeal.

for his care. At Hau-bau seven or Enlisting Chinese Inquirers eight families are living in shacks in T the fields, because they refused to HE adaptability of home methods of evangelistic effort to the foragain worship the demons from whose fear they had been freed. eign field is illustrated in an account given by Rev. Thos. Barclay (of The Shansi Officials' Offer Accepted the English Presbyterian mission) of REFERENCE has already been a mission held at Chinchew, South made in our pages to the un- China. Printed slips were dis- precedented offer made to the Ameri- tributed, asking those who felt in- can Board by the officials of the terested in what they had heard, and province of Shansi, and the fact that Vho wished to make further inquiry.

the lack of funds prevented the to write down their names and ad- Board from grasping the great oppor- dresses, with a view to their being tunity. The proposal was that the called upon and helped as they might Board should supervise the public require. Considering the suspicious- schools of a large section of the ness of the Chinese, and their unwil- province of Shansi, eight counties, lingness to put down their names, lest and take full charge of the Govern- they should be in any way compro- ment high school at Fenchow, a mised, this seemed rather a bold school serving a population of four venture. But it. was fully justified millions; the Government appro- by the result. At the closing meeting priating 4,000 taels for the purpose, it was intimated that 260 persons furnishing buildings for the village • had handed in their names and ad- schools and allowing full freedom to dresses.

teach the Bible and Christianity. A The Canton Christian College cablegram was sent to the mission to S secure more details. The cabled re- OMEONE recently said that an American college which has not ply confirmed the proposal, and it was followed by a letter from Rev. been working for a million-dollar en-

dowment is behind the times. The Even tho during the trial the accused supporters of the Canton Christian men, one after another, declared that College aim even higher, for at a the "confession" he was said to have meeting held in New York during made voluntarily was wrung from the winter they announced that it him either by actual torture or by would take five million dollars to threats, and offered to show the carry out their plans. As many marks of ill-treatment on their friends of the college are Columbia bodies, no attempt was made to in- University men, they hope to make vestigate these charges.

it the "Columbia of the Far East," Since the discharge of all but six so that eventually its students may of the hundred and twenty odd "con- receive as good an education as they spirators," further investigations have would at any American university. been made by foreigners into the Canton Christian College, of which allegations of torture, and a definite Dr. Charles K. Edmunds is presi- statement has been published to the dent, has a teaching staff of 19 men effect that, as the result of close and IS women who are Americans; questioning and an examination of 20 Chinese teachers, and IS student the bodies of certain discharged assistant teachers. There are 400 prisoners, these foreign investigators Chinese students. The college is un- are absolutely convinced that the denominational, extremely liberal in men in question were subjected to its theology, and is incorporated un- torture during the time they were in der the laws of the State of New the hands of the Japanese authorities.

York. The medical department has This very plain statement, backed by been supported by the University of foreigners who would hesitate to at- Pennsylvania. The student fees tach their names to such a grave ac- amount to about $24,000 a year, and cusation without having satisfied the expenses to about $75,000. The themselves that their inquiries had supporters of the college make up been full and careful, was in a sense the deficit with personal subscrip- a challenl!e which, in the best inter- tions. The college has property ests of the Japanese authorities in worth $310,000. Students at the 'Korea, it would have been well college pay only $60 a year for board promptly to accept. Instead, it was and tuition, and it costs the institu- quietly ignored. – Japan Weekly tion $100 a year to educate each Chronicle.

student. The college is endeavoring The Sects of Buddhism to render to South China some such service as Robert College has given THERE are 13 denominations and to the Near East. Many of its 57 sects of Buddhism in Japan.

graduates are now found in positions There are 71,769 temples, 53,oSl of influence. priests, and 73,047 engaged in teach- JAPAN AND KOREA ing and preaching. There are also The Charges Against Japan other kinds of priests and nuns to the' number of 54,00!. Besides these FOR more than two years serious there are IO,OOO students for the allegations have been made priesthood.

against the Japanese authorities in A Specimen Japanese Worker H Korea regarding the torture of the KOZA'KI, a zealous native Koreans concerned in the famous conspiracy trials. Persistent rumors • worker of· Shimonoseki, in addi- of outrages were circulated long be- tion to regular church services, is fore the 122 conspirators were doing street preaching twice a week.

brought to trial, but the authorities At each meeting there is a crowd of contented themselves with a curt from 50 to 100 people, who stand denial that torture was possible. and listen attentively from beginning

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to end. These people are difficult several editions of magazines conto get into our churches, where they taining "dangerous" material along could hear with comfort, but they feministic lines. will stand in the street and listen. Why this is so constitutes an im- T Korea Then and Now portant subject for thought in con- HE contrast between the early sidering the question of Japanese days of medical work in Korea evangelism. One reason, maybe, is and the present is shown in an acthat to come into most of our chapels count sent by Dr. Hall of a meeting the people must take off their shoes of a medical association in the mili- (geta, or wooden clog). In the sec- tary hospital at Pyengyang, to which ond place, attendance upon the all the physicians of the province of church services renders one liable Pyengyang were invited. They were to be looked down upon and ridiculed entertained at luncheon by the Japaby his acquaintances. Both of these nese r,overnor of the province. difficulties are overcome in street About 75 medical practitioners acpreaching. cepted the invitation, among. whom were a score of Koreans and three Newspaper Evangelism medical missionaries. The medical adviser to the governor-general, from REV. ALBERTUS PIETERS, of Seoul, was also present. It was the Dutch Reformed Church in noticeable that all addresses began, Japan, is trying the plan of news– "Ladies and Gentlemen," altho the paper evangelism to bring the Gospel only ladies present were Dr. Hall before the plain country people who and Dr. Cutler, of the hospital at read every word in the newspaper. Pyengyang. Another point upon He pays for a column on the first which Dr. Hall comments was the page of two papers in Oita, and fact that, altho many of the Japaevery other day he publishes an nese and Korean physicians were article on some phase of Christian smoking when the ladies entered the teaching. These articles go into in- room, the smoking immediately accessible mountain homes, into ceased and was not resumed during Buddhist strongholds, and into the their stay. She says, "In Europe, homes of the indifferent alike, and and even in America, men physicians people can read them without the are not always so courteous." knowledge of the neighbors or the relatives until they become suffi- ASIA-THE MOSLEM WORLD ciently interested to disregard both and investigate for themselves. As A Moslem Report on Mi…ions a result of this work, Mr. Pieters is receiving many letters of inquiry, W E seldom have such an opporand several Japanese have become tunity to understand the atti- Christians, some of them joining the tude of an enemy of Christianity as :'I1ethodist Church. is given in the following extracts from a letter published in E1 Minar, Japanese Women Rising a Moslem paper of Egypt: T HE feminist movement in Japan "To my lord, the wise and noted, is proceeding almost as rapidly the author of 'The Brilliant Beacon,' as in China. Several women have may the LQrd strengthen in you the taken to the lecture platform and glorious law. Peace be upon you and vigorous campaigns are carried on the mercy of God and His blessings. through the press. The leader of I have not, nor do I, forget the perthe women was educated in America. severing number of your honored The Government has officially warned communications, and what they coneducators of women against the tain of the published statements of propaganda, and has confiscated the Protestant Christians, in their attack on the world of Islam, and

their subterfuges to secure the de- versities, where a special course of fection of weak lIuslims, and their lectures on hygiene, domestic econmenace to the life of religions, even omy, and the rights of women will of Islam, with its power and won- be delivered for their benefit. In derful origin, and what has been enlightened Ottoman circles the Govpublished by Dr. Zwemer concerning ernment's new measure is regarded the Muslims of Bahrein, regarding as an appropriate means for rethe results of his work among them. generating the world of Islam and placing it on a level with the civiliza- "I read these statements and mv tion of the West. finger-tips trembled, and the cartilages of my shoulder-blades shook, Moslem Hearts Touched and the fir eof sorrow was kindled in my intestines, and burned, till I MRS. PITTMAN writes from loathed life and departed from peo- Tabriz, Persia: "Never have the ple and country, and went, as one opportunities for work among Moshalf-crazed wanders in the desert. lems been greater than now, and you till I reached the assembly of Bahrein. can understand how we are apt to that I might search concerning the chafe in our inability to get out into truth of the affair, and ascertain the the towns and villages. Dr. Pittman is facts of what has been published by trying to do a little by going out to the the preachers of Bahrein concerning near villages for a few days, but we that village of sincere Islam, and per- ought to be occupying Khoi, Artebil ceive the matter with my own eyes. and Sonjan, to say nothing of Mara- gha, Hisadnah and all that region. "Certainly the danger f1'om the Unless we can have established work Christians is not to be underesti- in these important centers before Rusmated, but there are things that sia takes over Azerbijan permanently, make the matter less serious, in that we can have little hope of getting in the most of what has been published a fterwarc1. Dr. Pittman and I are concerning the success of their ac- ready to go to anyone of these places tivity in this place, is exaggeration, at any time if we could be free to do or falsehood.· They purpose by this so, but with only one man for all the news to incite their ruling assemblies. work outside of schools and medical and to inspire them to the donation work, it is impossible to reach the of extensive material gifts. masses in these districts. We are praying that the Board will see our "But the talked-of preachers of need and send us help soon." rlahrein do not amount, in their numbers, to 20 souls, counting men an(l A Moslem Son's Testimony women, and the most of them do not know Arabic well, and do not FROM Teheran, Persia, comes the know anything- of the sciences of story of one of the teachers in religion, and this is part of that the school who has been a Christian which shows that they deceive their for more than four years, but to an governing assemblies, which send extent in secret, as he greatly feared them a constant support, lest there his father, a strict Moslem. vVhen should appear their im1)otf'nce and he became secretary of the Y. M. C. their failure to accomplish their mis- A., took charge of a department in sion, and the fact that the gifts of the day school where he conducted the assemblv go like wind through a morning prayers, and also of one of fish-net."-Neglected Arabia. the boarding departments, where he had charge oJ evening prayers part of From Harem to College the time and asked the blessing at the table, he advertised the fact to all. T HE Daily Telegraph's Constanti- Some days later when he went to his nople correspondent says that father's house the father! after rethe Ottoman Government has decided to admit ~vom(;'n to the uni-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS 3II

viling him with the usual Persian ex- in Africa, and this testimony con- pletives, told him that he was no cerns the unoccupied fields of longer his son and to "go and be Africa."

lost." The son took it all in silence, An Ideal Evangelizing Agency turned and left the house and came I back to school; but the very next N .May last Lord Kitchener paid a visit to the Old Cairo medical day the father sent for him and con- sulted him on a matter of business missilOn and was very much imprest in the most friendly way, completely with the ankylostomiasis (Egyptian ignoring the incident of the previous anemia) section of the hospital. His day. Two younger sons were con- visit has led to considerable inquiry tinued in the school, and when a as to methods, and the Egyptian Gov- month later the father returned to ernment, we understand, is taking his home city, 200 miles away, these steps to establish hospitals in differ~ two sons were sent to the boarding ent parts of the country flOr the treat- department to be in the charge of ment of the disease. Last year, up their Christian brother. We ven to the end of October, 5,770 anemia much suspect that he had guessed patients had been treated in the Old the truth long ago, and that his anger Cairo hospital-4,622 males and 1,148 was merely assumed that he might females. As each patient stays for have wherewith to answer his criti- a period of three weeks, the mis- cizing friends. Both the younger sionaries regard the opportunity fQr sons have exprest their desire to be- evangelizing as ideal. Dr. R. Y.

come Christians. Stone writes: "Vhen it is under- NORTH AFRICA stood that street preaching in Cairo is forbidden. and that We have gen- The Moslem as a Missionary . erally about 700 people for. daily DR. SAMUEL ZWE1IER, now teaching over an average duration of visitin,Q' America, and who has time of three weeks, it can be seen given his life to work among Mo- that the opportunities are enormous." hammedans, calls attention to the –C. M. S. Gleaner.

great need and the critical situation WEST AFRICA in the contest with Mohammedanism. He says: "None of the un- T A New Mission on the Kongo cccupied fields of Asia. not even HE Southern Methodist Church Arabia, can compare in strategic planned to open in January a urgency to-day with the unoccupied new mission at Wembo Niama, in regions in Africa. where the forces the Belgian Kongo, manned by three are assembling now for the great missionaries, one of whom is a conflict between the Cross and the physician. and their wives. Money Crescent. The situation is critical, has also been given for a hospital, and the testimony, as regards the SQ the new mission will begin its urgency of this part of the mission- work well equipped.

ary problem. is unanimous in its Far up the Sankuru River there character, and comes from every j, waiting a ~reat chief in expecta- part of the mission field. From tion of the coming of the party. Two Syria, Japan, the Philippine Islands, years ago he bade the bishop and China, India. Burma, Ceylon, the the professor send to his tribe men New Hebrides, Sumatra. Arabia, and women who would teach his Baluchistan, and even Pem, tes- people the true way. Every moon timony has come that in the estima- since then he has been cutting a tion of leading missionaries in these notch on his door-post to mark the countries. the most urgent mission- time when they would be back or ary world-problem is to meet and send a messenger. Before the overcome the Mohammedan advance eighteenth notch was cut messengers

arrived from Lusambo, the South- the open street, partly insensible. ern Presbyterian Mission, who re- When she was struck down the peoport that Wembo Niama is anxiously ple found she was not dead, so began awaiting the new missionaries. to stone her, to "help Shango finish his work!" Some Christians living Lusambo is two weeks' journey near had with difficulty driven the away, but it is the nearest mission people off. station, and a spirit of most cordial cooperation exists between the two CENTRAL AFRICA societies in their work. Marvels of African Speech Bibles or Gin? ACCORDING to Dan Crawford: MR. J. NEWTON, secretary of "They possess a wonderful the Native Races and the Liquor tongue, with more tenses for verbs, Traffic United Committee, has re- more voices and genders than are ceived a letter from Rev. F. C. possest by the English language." He Cleaver, of Accra, Gold Coast, which says: "We (Africans) have 19 genspeaks of having recently attended, ders, the most delicate of distinctions, as chaplain, two executions for mur- and 19 categories in the classification ders committed under the influence of nouns, and 33 tenses for the verb. of drink. Mr. Cleaver adds: "One Your poor, cold, bald language does day in July, I went to the Customs not have the futures as we have Varehouses in Seccondee to find one them. Everything that has a vascase of Bibles that had arrived for me, and to 'clear' it through the cus- cular system has one category, i.e., toms. One of the officials in charge jokingly said he hoped I should soon long things, like palms, grass, cane, find my 'case, but as there were etc., are in one system; all short, 16,000 cases of gin and some hun- blunt or round in another, hard things dreds of cases of whisky being dealt in another, soft, flabby things in anwith just then, 'he thought I might other, etc. You need an adjective for have some difficulty!' But in a very each of them, but not so the man who few days all those had been cleared thinks black. He has 60 sounds. It away and dispatched up the railway. is difficult to represent them with 24 It is coming out in shiploads." letters. A changed prefix makes the difference. The thousand of verbs The Cruelty of Heatheni.m all end in "all," a most musical end- ing. In a language thus inflected, it T HE Christians are only a small is impossible to speak ungrammatical- party in the towns in Nigeria, Iy, the initial letter of the principal and in most of them the pagan word gives all-as if you were to priests have the people very much at say not God is Love, but 'God gis their mercy. For instance, during a gave.' " thunderstorm at Oshogbo early in September some people were struck Advance on the Upper Kongo by lightning. The Rev. J. McKay, NINETEEN years ago, Rev. Jos- eph Clark, of Ikoko, visited knowing that if they were not dead Motaka and was received by a already they would be killed by the crowd of cannibals. He was pulled priests of Shango (the god of and pushed to the hut of a big chief Thunder), went at once with the by a very excited and war-painted African pastor to see what could be crowd, all armed with ugly big done. The first woman they found knives and spears. For a time the was quite dead and also the second. outcome seemed uncertain, but the The Shango priests had already landing of Mrs. Clark and her small claimed the bodies and all the pos- baby interested the savages to such sessions of the dead. They hurried an extent that they forg-ot their vioon to find a third woman lying in lent plans. Thirty months afterward,

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two Kongo State officers and a num- crossing a section of Africa in ber of black soldiers lost their lives Mashonaland he met several of these in this same vilIage. In July, 1913, Boer soldier-missionaries and found Mr. Clark again visited Motaka to that they were giving a good account baptize five new converts. After the of themselves. It is not surprizing service 50 gathered at the Lord's ~ow to learn of a general awakening Table. The church at Ikoko and its III the Dutch Reformed Church in dependent stations has now 35 South Africa in the matter of misteacher-evangelists at work not in- sionary service. cluding school teachers;t Ikoko, Ntondo and Frank, and the self- T Unity in Madagascar supporting evangelist at Ituta. HE spirit of Christianity has manifested itself in Madagascar, SOUTH AFRICA where, in face of much discourage- ment, Protestant missionaries have Mi..ionary Awakening in South Africa had friendly conference, and contem- plate closer federation. The design A GENUINE missionary revival is cooperation, not absorption; and it has come to the Dutch Reformed is hoped that, as a result, the Evan- Church in South Africa. For years gelical cause will be materially. this church of the Boers has been strengthened. The outworking of conduating missionary work for the the scheme will ensure that, whether natives in different regions south of belonging to churches connected with the Zambesi River through the faith- the Paris Missionary Society, the fulness of a small group of broad- London Missionary Society, or the minded and loyal Christians. It has Friends' Foreign Missionary Associabeen an uphill fight, as the Dutch set- tion, members will enjoy a common tlers in South Africa, for the most standing, anyone of the bodies part, have manifested little sympathy named welcoming with readiness the toward missionary work. The hos- members of the others. This ar- . tility of the Boers toward the rangement-which may widen and "Kaffirs" before and during the Boer deepen with the years-arises, not War is well known. Behold, how- from any contempt of denominational ever, the wonder-working Providence principles, but rather from a sense of God! As a result of this very war of the importance of unity in face thousands of the Boers captured by of the actualities of heathenism in the British were transported to India the island. The French Government, and Ceylon, where prison camps unfortunately, encourages heathen were formed. The missionaries, both rites among the people, apparently in English and American, in those the interest of "comparative religion" ; countries, at once took a great inter- and this official attitude, combined est in these prisoners, ministering to with the Romish propaganda, does them in their pi sical necessities and much to perpetuate ignorance and giving them alsO' the Bread of Life. superstition among the population.- Revivals broke out in several of the The Christian. camps and hundreds of the prisoners were converted. Several hundred THE OCEAN WORLD Boers at once volunteered for missionary work among the natives at An Australian Men's League home. When the war was over these young men returned to Africa and A PRESBYTERIAN Men's League immediately began to build up the was inaugurated in New South missionary interest in the churches. vVales a few months ago. It is not The churches responded, and now intended to add one more organizamany of these hardy Boer fighters tion to an already over-organized have become soldiers of the cross. Church, but rather to supply a source Secretary Patton relates how in of inspiration and a bond of unity.

The aim of the league is threefold: before the United States Congress. to cultivate the habit of daily prayer, Whether through fear that Congress to be loyal to Christ and the Church, would. pass the desired law, or and to bind men together to help for- through a sudden "conviction of sin," ward the work of the Church. A or through a desire to convince the bronze badge has been designed to be new Governor-General of their abilworn by every member-the Burning ity for self-government, we do not Bush in the center of a Saint An- know, but we are glad to record the drew's cross, the ends of which are fact that the Philippine Assembly has united by a ring. The membership now placed itself on record as opnow stands at about 520, and the posed to both slavery and peonage. league is taking root in Queensland, The text of the new law has not yet Victoria, Tasmania, and New Zea- reached this country, but we preland. sume that it does not radically differ from that which the Commission has Dutch Mission in Celebes so long urged upon the Assembly.- The Outlook. A CCORDING to a Batavia re- ligious paper, De Banier, a move- NORTH AMERICA ment toward Christianity is taking place in Balantak, which lies at the The Religious Aspects of the Panama eastern extremity of Central Celebes, among people who have not yet come Exposition under the influence of Mohammedanism. The Dutch clergyman at T HE Federal Council of Churches Macassar, the Rev.. R. W. F. Kij ften- of Christ in America has apbelt, to whose zeal it is mainly due pointed a Committee of One Hunthat this movement is being followed dred to present the work of the up, writes as follows, on the 19th of churches at the Panama Exposition. September: "I returned yesterday The plan of the work is threefoldfrom a trip to Loewoek (the chief religious activities, exhibits, and contown of Balantak), Kolono Dale, and ventions. The first division will in- clude a carefully organized cam- Kandari. At Loewoek I met Mr. paign of evangelism of a well- Kelling, who had just returned from balanced, effective character, with Lamala. The people there are so generous and sympathetic distribueager to become Christians that tion of the Scriptures. Such organiwithin 14 days 1,800 persons have zations as the Woman's Christian ioined our congregations." (Here Temperance Union, the Young follows a list of 15 places, served by Men's and Young Women's Chrisfive native pa1!tors, with a total Chris- tian Associations, the World's Contian community of 2,356.) gress of Young People's Societies, as well as the Woman's Board of the Slavery in the Philippines exposition, are planning large things for practical service. For example. SINCE the Supreme Court of the the Young Women's Christian Asso- Philippine Islands decided in ciation will expend $50,000 in carry- 1907 that there was no applicable ing on travelers' aid work. Through law either of the United States or the religious exhibits, a vast Chrisof the archipelago punishing slavery tian laboratory will be maintained in as a crime, the Philippine Commis- a building which it is hoped will be sion has endeavored to persuade the erected on the grounds, and known Philippine Assembly to place such a as Assembly Hall. Great gatherings law upon the statute-books of the of religious bodies, national and inislands. Early last summer the Com- ternational, are to be held, and in mission adopted a resolution and for- addition to these it is planned to warded it through the Governor- present two great allegories. The General to the Secretary of War, first, devoted to home missions. will urging that this matter be brelught

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

be a vivid portrayal of the early pIe in their Sunday-schools in mishistory, development and present- sionary interests, have neither courses clay fruition of the missionary move- nor lectures on missions in their semment in America. The second will inaries, have no students in colleges show the effective missionary move- or theological schools preparing to ment among men throughout the go to foreign fields. Their clubs and world. other organizations of men never consider the question of foreign mis- A Great Gift to Moslem Children sions; their ministers never preach on foreign missions; their churches T HE Committee on Moslem Lands never take up missionary collections; representing the World's Sun- not even once a year. There is no day-school Association ended at Unitarian missionary periodicals, lit- Poughkeepsie, N. Y., February r rth, tle, if any, foreign missionary literaan I I days' campaign to raise a fund ture. to prosecute work among- Moslem "Christian Endeavor" c. children. The speakers were Bishop MORE than 100,000 societies un- J. Hartzell, chairman of the com- der various names, with more than 5,()00,000 members, are now at mittee, and Dr. S. M. Zwemer, sec- work under the methods and prinretary; Dr. G. T. Erickson, of Al- ciples of Christian Endeavor. They bania; the Rev. Stephen Trowbridge are found in every country in the and the Rev. C. K. Tracy, of Turkey, world, and in more than 80 evanand Marion Lawrence, of Chicago, gelical denominations. Reports from and Frank L. Brown, of New York, the world-wide field show more than general secretaries of the Interna- 1,500 societies in India, 800 in China, tional and World's Sunday-school ISO in Japan, and hundreds more in Associations. The subscriptions other mission lands. Missionaries amounted to $48,771, induding find the society the most effective or- $6,000 already provided for, through ganization yet devised for training Sir Robert Laidlaw, of London, rep- the native converts for definite Ouisresenting the eastern section of the tian service. One hundred and fifty association. Rev. Stephen Trow- thousand dollars has been secured for bridge and his wife plan to leave in the International Headquarters Buildthe autumn to take up Sunday-school ing, to be erected on the corner of work for Moslem children in the Mt. Vernon and Hancock Streets, Levant. Boston, and plans are being made to secure $150,000 additional, of Unitarianism and Missions which $10,000 has just been con- tributed by a friend of the move- T HE Christian Register, organ of ment. American Unitarianism, publishes two articles by the Rev. Mr. An Invalid's Work for Missions Sunderland, a Unitarian minister, contrasting the intense foreign mis- MISS LIZZIE JOHNSON, of sionary activity of American Chris- Casey, Illinois, an invalid and an tians with the almost entire absence intense sufferer for 25 years, has of such activities in his own con- raised over $16,000 by the making nection. American Unitarians have and selling of book-marks. This one representative in Japan, and dis- money has supported in foreign burse something over $4,000 in this lands native Christian workers who enterprise. That is all. They have have given an aggregate of a century no Foreign Missionary Society, no and a quarter of service. Bishop Women's Foreign Missionary So- Frank W. Warne, of the Methodist ciety, none for young people. They Episcopal Church in India, recently are, according to Mr. Sunderland, doing nothing to train the young peo-

sent word that he has decided to ap- have been found, and are free, acply the Lizzie Johnson memorial gift cording to their own judgment, to of $3,800, forwarded to him by her devote the income to the best adsurviving sister, to the erection of a vantage for the good of their fellowchurch in Cawnpore, Northwest men." India, where the congregation has outgrown the building in which it The Chicago Hebrew Mission worships. This church is entirely self-supporting and all the members T HE Chicago Hebrew Mission has have been enlisted in the every- passed an important epoch in member canvass for the new church her history, having celebrated a fund to supplement the Johnson gift. quarter of a century of patient, loyal Several members are pledging more and whole-hearted toil for the Masthan a month's salary; and the girls ter among the people of Israel. To in the Cawnpore school have raised read of the 25 years of blessing and nearly $35 by their own handiwork. its continued progress of what God has wrought for this mission, lifts The Church Peace Fund up one's heart in praise and adora- tion to God. ANDREW CARNEGIE has adnen to his gifts for the propaganda In 1888 the income of this misof peace an endowment of $2,000,000 sion was $726.06. In 1912 the inas a foundation for a new organiza- come was $14,8r6.56. The total retion. The gift is for the education ceipts during the 25 years was $173,- of the nations through the churches, 751. 16. To us it is not mere figures "md the organization is The Chmch of money that came in. Every cent Peace Union. of 'which Llisl10p Greer that comes to a Jewish mission comes is president, and in which 25 denomi- from people who are loyal to the nations of Christians and Jews are Word of' God, loyal to the divine represented. In announcing the gift. forecasts of the prophets, loyal to Mr. Carnegie said: "Certain that the Master; and what a matter of the strongest appeal that can be gratitude it is to know of the many made is to members of the religious who are keeping watch on the walls bodies, to you I hereby appeal, hop- of Zion, to know the noble army of ing you will feel it to be not only men who have stood by this mission your duty, but your pleasure, to un- from the beginning. Some have dertake the administration of $2,000,- passed and are now in the presence 000 of 5 per cent. bonds, the in- of the King, others are still here and come to be so used as, in your judg- are holding the fort. It is enough ment, will most successhllly appeal to inspire anyone with the hopefulto the people in the cause of peace ness of the future of Israel. through arbitration of international disputes; that as man in civilized There is a special effort being lands is compelled by law to submit made in the way of celebrating this personal disputes to courts of law, so anniversary by a forward movement, nations shall appeal to the Court at and it craves the prayers of God's The Hague or to such tribunals as people. The superintendent is Mrs. may be mutually agreed upon, and T. C. Rounds. bow to the verdict rendered, thus insuring the reign of national peace Boston Chinese Christian Workers through the international law. . . . After war is abolished by the lead- T HE Chinese Young Men's Chrisil1lS nations, the trustees, by a vote tian Union, which ims been a of two-thirds, may decide that a bet- vital organization in Boston for a ter use for the funds than those number of years, has recently had to named in the preceding paragraph find larger headquarters for its work, moving from Tremont Street to 163 Harrison Avenue. From 40 to So

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Chinese laundrymen and merchants LATIN AMERICA comprise this band of Christian work- HA Missionary Program for Mexico ers, whose efforts on behalf of their 0'YEVER dis~u.rbed and uncer- own countrymen are along the lines ~alll the polItIcal outlook ill of social and moral uplift, as carried on b.y the Y. M. C. A. generally. MexIco may be, one thing is certain, This organization is independent of the Y. M. C. A., however, and the namely, that the forces of Christ in costs of carrying on the work have been met by the Chinese themselves. that land are drawing- together in a The Union is a union in truth, for closer bond. the leaders have sought to keep it non-sectarian, in spite of the wish At the meeting of the Secretaries of a minority to make it a Congregational body, and its membership of .Foreign Mission Boards of the is made up of members of I2 different Chinese Sunday-schools in Bos- Umted States and Canada in New ton. Besides holding regular Sunday services, the Union headquarters York, Secretary Robert E. Speer, of serve as a clubroom and social center the Presbyterian Board, U. S. A., for the members, as well as for non- Christian Chinese. . It is hoped that asked all the secretaries and mission- the work wiII be more far-reaching aries who were interested in Mexico now, as the headquarters is nearer Chinatown than heretofore. Among to meet him in private conference the inhabitants of Chinatown the worship of idols has almost di;ap- Repr.esentatives of the Methodist; peared, whereas it used to be a common sight, and this is due in no small BaptIst, and Presbyterian churches measure to the influence of this ag- ~esponded to the invitation. Dr. gressive Christian organization, which ~peer suggested to them frankly that seeks the spiritual welfare of its fellowmen. the present is a good time to set ~bout the. unifying of mission work III that dlstrest country. It is re- ported that no voice of protest was heard. Dr. Speer's idea is that all the theological seminaries in Mexico should be consolidated, that local schools should be cpormesbsiensed~haonuldd the several missionary be put together in one large establish- ment. It was further suggested that the country be districted, as is al- ready done in Korea. A committee w~s appointed to work out the de- New Secretaries in Canada taIls for further consideration _ T HE Methodist Church in Canada has appointed as General Secre- Christian Observer. .

tary of the Foreign Department Rev. EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN Dr. James Endicott, who went out to China as a missionary 20 years A New Missionary Training Institute agD, returning in 1910. His years REV. J. STUART HOLDEN, the of service in China give him first- honored associate editor of THE hand knowledge of the requirements ~hSSIONARY .REVIEW, has been led of the foreign mission field, and hav- Illto a new lme of work in the es- ing been a foreign missionary his tablishment of a training institute appointment should create the closest "for young men and women who de- bond between the missionaries and sire to prepare themselves for Chris- the administration 111 the home tian work at home and abroad."

Church.• During the eight years in which he At the same time Rev. J. H. has been vicar of St. Paul's, Port- Arnup, who has seen service both in man Square, London, 27 or 28 young'

Saskatchewan and in three years' men and women have gone out from work as secretary of the Canadian St. Paul's to foreign missionarv Laymen's Movement, has been ap- work, most of whom have ther'e pointed Assistant Foreign Secretary. been brought into their Christian ex-

perience. These workers have in to obey two monarchs as a soldierthe past been sent to various train- first, the King Jesus, because in the ing institutions. Russian army there are hundreds of Points of resemblance between Mr. Jews to whom I can preach the Gos- Holden and the late Dr. A. J. Gor- pel; and secondly, the Czar, my don have often been noted, and it is earthly king."

of interest to recall that Dr. Gordon also came to the conclusion that it Once a Merchant, Now An Evangelist ought to be part of the work of a P ASTOR Simon Stephanoff of living church to train its own mis- Moscow, a merchant of large means, who has abandoned business sionaries. Already Mr. Holden is life to devote himself to evangelism, the president of a band of consecrated young people, who go by the name has adopted the following as one of the K~ng's Messengers. What method of reaching people usually spare time they have they gladly de- inaccessible. He has given into a vote to real mission work in the phonograph an address presenting in East End and to caravan campaign- simple terms the essentials of salvaing in the summer months. tion, and has put the resulting discs Mr. Holden's work at St. Paul's on sale. These are readily sold and has been maintained mainly by are used in hotels, private houses and prayer, the answers to which have cafes. been nothing short of wonderful; and it is in the spirit of prayer and OBITUARY confidence in the Divine promises Dr. George D. Marsh, of Turkey that he is shouldering this further undertaking. I N the death of Rev. George D. Marsh, D.D., the American Board The British Drink Bill has lost one of its most faithful rep- resentatives in the Near East. O N the authority of Sir T. P. Whittaker it is stated that the During his 41 years of service in annual drink bill of Great Britain European Turkey Dr. Marsh spent amounts to $805,000,000; and it is only two years on furlough in the estimated that of this vast sum at United States, the last being in least one-half was spent by people 1896-97, when he was honored with who formed three-quarters of the the degree of Doctor of Divinity by population, with working-class in- Yale University, his Alma Mater. comes. In other words, by that class of the community least able to afford Throughout his missionary career an expenditure which could only be he was indefatigable, sharing the made at the expense of health, at the work of the laborers as well as expense of efficiency, at the expense planning churches, securing funds of home and social well-being. for their erection, and overseeing their construction.

THE CONTINENT In the varied sufferings of the Obeying Two King. Bulgarian people this year he shared sympathetically, never showing an- A WRITER in the Jewish Mission- noyance even in his illness at the ary Intelligencer tells of a young constant ringing of the bell by the Russian Jew at Rotterdam, whom thronging poor. In need of a Rev. D. H. Dolman had just bap- nurse's care, he yet preferred that tized. He was asked why he wished his daughter, a trained nurse, should to go back to Russia to do his mili- work for the soldiers at the State tary duties, for the greater number hospital. "If I were a young man, of the younger generation of Jews I should be down there," he said to in Russia leave the country to avoid a volunteer of the Red Cross at the military service. He said: "I want front. AND MISSION LANDS THE NEW ERA IN ASIA. By Sherwood he is now planning to do for the Eddy. Illustrated. Map. 12mo, world, in four volumes, of which 215 pp. Cloth, SO cents; paper, 35 this is the first. Here he considers cents, net. Missi'onary Education the "New World Life" as shown in Movement, New York, 1914. tendencies to international industry, peace, and idealism. He. considers The Secretary for Asia of the In- also the New W orId problems of international Y. M. C. A. has written dustry, wealth, race-destruction, sothis text-book that tells the stirring cial conditions, and lawlessness. story of the general awakening of Asia. From wide reading and exten- While this volume has not the insive travel, Mr. Eddy has gathered terest-compelling power and convincfacts that compel attention. A new ing argument of "Our Country," it is era has dawned, for which Christ and a distinct contribution to the study of Christian missions are, directly or in- world-problems by a man with vision directly, responsible. Separate chap- but not visionary. ters are devoted to Japan, Korea, China, India, and the Near East. The JUNGLE DAYS. By Arley Munson, M.D. book is worth reading, and forms the Illustrated. 8vo. 298 pp. $2.50, net. D. basis for a fascinating and spiritually Appleton & Co., New York and Lonstimulating study. don, 1913.

HEPBURN OF JAPAN. By William Elliot A vivid, stirring story of life in Griffis, D.D. 8vo. 238 pp. $1.50, nct. India by a young woman physician The Westminster Press, Philadelphia, from America, who went out inde- 1913. pendently, worked for a few years in the Wesleyan Mission hospital at This life-story of one of the first, Medak, and at intervals traveled and the oldest, and most honored of mis- visited various interesting centers. sionaries to Japan, has already been Dr. Munson writes with vivacity, and noticed. Dr. Hepburn made a tells of her experiences with a charm marked impression on Japan, and the not unlike that of Amy Wilson-Caraccount of his energetic and success- michael. She was a Christian misful labors will not fail to make a sionary, and sought to relieve the marked impression on the reader. moral and spiritual poverty of the vVe have here not only the story of people, as well as their physical ills. the man and his mission, but. much The book is delightful reading. light is thrown on the development of Japan and on the problems, difficul- LOVE STORIES OF GREAT MISSIONARIES. By ties, and achievements of Christian Belle M. Brain. Illustrated. 12mo. missions. 75 pp. 50 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1913. OUR WORLD. The New World-Life. By Josiah Strong, D.D. 12mo. 291 pp. This unique volume of love stories $1.00, net. Doubleday, Page & Co., New is dedicated "to the Girl who is York, 1913. tempted to say 'No' to her lover be- cause he is a Student Volunteer." Ever since the appearance of "Our The stories include those of Adoni- Country," twenty-six years ago, Dr. ram Judson and Ann Hasseltine, Strong's name has been synonymous Robert Moffat and Mary Smith, Dawith a striking and forceful presen- vid Livingstone and Mary Moffat, tation of facts. He not only knows James Gilmour and Emily Prankard, how to state the facts so as to make Franc;ois Coillard and Christina Macan impression, but how to interpret kintosh, and Henry Martyn, to whom them and how to point out the signs Lydia Grenfell said "No." They are of the times. stories with a purpose, but touch life at a vital point, and are well written What Dr. Strong did for America to reveal real love and joy and hero- PENNELL OF THE AFGHAN FRONTIER. The ism. It is an excellent volume for young people's libraries, or for a gift Life of Theodore Leighton Pennell, book. M.D., B.Sc., F.R.G.S. By Alice M. MILITANT METHODISM. A National Con- vention. Bvo. 379 pp. $1.10, net. The Pennell. With an Introduction by Methodist Book Concern. Cincinnati and New York, 1913. Field-Marshall Earl Roberts. Illus- The first National Convention of trated, 8vo, 464 pp. lOs. 6d., net. Methodist Men (held in October, 1913) was a missionary convention, Seeley, Service & Co., Ltd., London, and was one of the most stirring gatherings of men ever held. More 1914. than 3,000 men were in actual attendance; there was an unusual program HINDUISM ANCIENT AND MODERN. By the of able speakers from Methodist and other denominations; the results have Rev. J. A. Sharrock, M.A., S.P.G. 2d., already been widely felt. It is the net. Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1913. story of this Convention, with the addresses by Robert E. Speer, Bishop AN HEROIC BISHOP. The Life Story of W. F. McDowell, S. Earle Taylor, French of Lahore. B>, Dr. Eugene Stock. Charles A. Rowland, J. Campbell 2s., net. Hodder & Stoughton, London, White, W. 1. Haven, and others, that 1913. is told in this volume. Dr. Speer's address on "The Central Task of the THE NEGRO'S PROGRESS IN FIFTY YEARS. Church of Christ," and the series on "The Can or America and of the Compiled by Monroe N. Work. pp. 250. Vorld" merit especial notice. 30 cents, postpaid. Tuskegee Institute, FOLLOWING THE SUNRISE. By Helen Bar- Ala. rett Montgomery. 12mo, 250 pp. Cloth, 50 cents, net; paper, 35 cents. RELIGIONS AND RELIGION. By Dr. James Griffith & Rowland Press, Philadel- phia, 1913. Hope Moulton. 3s. 6d., net. Methodist This is a brief but excellent ac- Publishing House, London, 1914. count of one hundred years of Baptist foreign missions from the be- MISSIONARY JOYS IN JAPAN: Leaves from ginning, under Adoniram Judson, until the present time. It is in the My Diary. By Paget Wilkes, B.A. form of a mission-study text-book, but because of its informing nature, 7s. 6d., tlet. Morgan & Scott, Ltd., and its interesting, entertaining liter- London, 1914. ary style, it can be largely used as such in the Sunday-school, in young LION-HEARTED. The Story of Bishop people's societies, and in mission- Hannington's Life Told for Boys and study classes. 'Girls. By Cannon E. C. Dawson, M.A. 25., net. New edition. Seeley, Service & Co., Ltd., London, 1914.

MISSIONARY HEROES IN NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA. By John C. Lambert, M.A.• D.D. Seeley, Service & Co., Ltd., Lon- don, 1914.

A STUDY OF THE THLINGETS OF ALASKA. By Livingston F. Jones. Illustrated, 8vo, 261 pp. $1.50, net. Fleming H.

Revell Co., New York, 1914. CHILDREN OF LABRADOR. By Mary Lane· Dwight. Illustrated, 12mo, % pp.

Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1914.

THE CAUSE OF THE SOCIAL EVIL AND 'THE REJll:EDY. By Albert W. Elliott. 12mo, 141 pp. Webb & Vary Co., Atlanta, Ga., 1914.

NOT LAWFUL TO UTTER AND OTHER BIBLE READINGS. By Dan Crawford, F.R.G.S. Bvo, 176 pp. $1.00, net. George H.

Doran Co., New York, 1914.

BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS (1910). Depart- ment of Commerce. Bureau of the Census. Large 8vo, 411 pp. Govern- mD.enct., Printing Office, Washington, 1913.

NEW.BOOKS PAMPHLETS LANKA: THE RESPLENDENT LIFE. The TEACHER TRAINING ESSENTIALS. First Story of the Baptist Mission in Cey- Standard Course. By H. E. Tra!le, lon. By John A. Ewing, B.M.S. M.A., Th.D. 142 pp. 25 cents. Ameri- 2s_ 6d., net. Baptist Missionary So- can Baptist Publication Society, Phila- ciety, London, 1914. delphia, 1914.

THIRTY YEARS IN KAsHlIIm. By Arthur EXTRA-TERRITORIALITY IN CHINA. A Lec- Neve, F.R.C.S.E. Illustrated. 12s. 6d., ture Delivered at Kuling, 4th August, net. Edward Arnold, 41 Maddox St., 1910. By Arnold Foster, B.A. 31 pp. W., London, 1914. Price, 9d. Luzac & Co., 46 Great Russell St., London.

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1911

AT THE MISSIONARY CONFERENCE ON WORK AMONG MOSLEMS, LUCKNOW, INDIA, JANUARY 23- 28

8VIissionary Cf(eview

of the World PubUshed by Funk and Wagnalls Company (Isaac K. Funk:J.~~sE.~u'it~~:l~~.xice-Pre8.. Robert J. Cuddihy, Treaa., ltObArt Scott, ~"'J, VOL. XXXIV. No.4 APRIL, 1911 VOL. XXIV. NC). 4 Old Series New Series SIGNS OF THE TIMES THE NEW NATIONAL ANTI-OPIUM claiming thousands of victims a day MOVEMENT IN CHINA because of the floods that have de- stroyed the crops. The cause of fam- A new awakening seems to be ine is thus very different from the spreading over China in regard to the opium evil, and a National Anti-opium cause in India, where it is due to lack Society has been formed, with head- of rain. Some engineering must be quarters at Peking. This society plans done in China, building dikes and con- to cooperate with the Government in trolling the watercourses, if famines the efforts to stop the growth, impor- from this cause are to be prevented. tation and use of opium. Now horror is added to horror by In view of the near approach of the devastations of bubonic plague, the next conference at the Hague, especially in Manchuria. Dead strew efforts are being made to have inter- the road sides, and there is danger national regulation of the traBic. that the plague may spread westward Opium should be used for medical through Siberia into Europe. purposes only, and every nation should Missionaries are rendering untir- prohibit its importation and sale. ing and self-sacrificing aid. risking The Chinese Government is evi- their lives to care for the sufferers dently in earnest about this reform. from both famine and plague. Thou- and among the people themselves sands of dollars have already been there is a growing sentiment against sent from American Christians to the evil. Decided progress has been help carryon the work of relief, but made in carrying out the imperial thousands more are needed if a frac- edict of 1906. China now seeks tion of the millions in danger are to British consent to shorten the period be saved. One dollar will keep a when opium may be imported from man alive for a month, and three dol- India. China's national assembly is lars will save a life until early har- much interested in this movement, and vests enable the people to save them- one of the leaders of the Anti-opium selves.

Society is a prominent member of Dr. Samuel Cochran, a missionary the Assembly. Is 19I I too soon to physician from H wai Y uen, writes save China from the grip of opium? that three million people are in danger FAMINE AND PLAGUE IN CHINA of starving before the June harvests The Chinese are learning some hard come to their relief. Disease is add- lessons in the necessity for irrigation ing to the horrors of famine; the and sanitation. The famine is already streets are full of starving, naked people, many of whom starve to death Yuen, China, writes of the famine during the freezing nights. "Crowds prevailing in the northern part of An- follow me from church, even when hui province: A million people are I assure them that I have no mart;: in dire need of help. The Chinese money or tickets for relief." The Government is not likely to adminis- people are desperate, and are con- ter adequate relief in view of existing stantly selling their children. When conditions of her finances.

parents can not sell them, they leave the children to care for themselves, or CHINA'S EVANGELISTIC WORK What is said to be "the greatest to perish from cold or hunger. What the end will be we can not gathering of native leaders of the tell, but, as in other times of famine Chinese Church ever held" met in and pestilence, the sympathy and Hankow, December 7th-I2th, last help of Christian people and the year. It was the first triennial meetself-denying labors of the missionaries ing of the Evangelistic Association of bring multitudes to understand more China. This is the outgrowth of the of the love of Christ, and leads them Shanghai Conference of I907, and to hear and believe the Gospel that corresponds to the Educational Assobrings salvation to the plague-stricken ciation for China, which also meets triennially. and strength to famishing souls. The viceroy of Manchuria estimates The meeting at Hankow was largethat the fatalities in Manchuria from ly composed of Chinese deIegatesthe bubonic plague already have 77 missionaries and 158 Chinese. The reached 65,000, while the foreign of- president was Rev. Cheng Ching Yi, fice believes that inside the great wall of Peking, who was the Chinese delethere have been I,oOO more deaths. gate to Edinburgh, and is on the Con- According to the general belief, how- tinuation Committee. Cheng Ching ever, the number of fatalities will be Yi receives a salary of only $I9 a nearer double those of the official es- month, but could at any time quadtimates. The relief committee at ruple it by accepting a place in gov- Shanghai believes that the minimum ernment service. number of deaths from famine is 10,- This conference accomplished much 000. Many of the people in the famine for Christian unity in China, and for stricken district of Anhui are em- aggressive evangelism. The attendance ployed in building levees. The financial at the evangelistic meetings each night drain on the Government is severe, was estimated at 10,000. of whom and it is expected that it will be forced 2,000 were students. Some chapels to negotiate more extensive loans than with a seating capacity of 400, were had been contemplated. That none crowded with 700 listeners, and there of the plague-stricken people of China were hundreds of inquirers enrolIed. recover, the lungs being infected, fol- It is a great example for other Chrislowed by tleath in a few hours, wa~ tian conventions, to confer about reported to the American National Christian work during the day, and to Red Cross Society in a telegram re- engage in it at night for the salvation ceived from American Consul-gen- of men. The Chinese Christians may eral Wilder, at Shanghai. yet make many other contributions Rev. E. C. Lobenstine. of Hwai of great value to the Christian Church

OF THE TIMES

in the interpretation and exemplificd- vote themselves to the work. Even tion of the Gospel. the primary children went out after the morning school session, and THE PROGRESS IN KOREA brought in their heathen friends to the children's meeting at four o'clock. In September last a large gathering At night boys with lanterns went of Japanese and Korean Sunday- through the streets attracting crowds school scholars was held in the garden by singing hymns. The Methodist at the rear of the palace at Seoul, and Church was decorated, and the streets leading up to it were well lighted. was attended by two hundred Japa- All the work was systematically nese and five Korean teachers and stu- planned, with workers in charge of dents from the only girls' school es- each district. A prayer service was tablished for Koreans by Japanese in held at 8 :30 A.M., and another at 2 Korea. Since the annexation of P.M., before the visitors started out. Korea all public meetings are forbid- The evening services were in this way den, but the superintendent-general of filled with inquirers, and during one police freely permitted this meeting. week 904 people exprest a desire to A second meeting was held later in the believe in Jesus Christ. The question day, at which a Korean Sunday-school is, What is to be done to train these teacher gave an address, and at the inquirers? Will the Church at home close all joined in the Lord's Prayer. support the aggressive work the mis- sionaries are doing? The Chung ] u field of the Presbyterian Church embraces some 300,000 RELIGIOUS LIBERTY IN KOREA people. The station was opened two years ago, but already there are 65 Governor-General Viscount Terauchurches and pl;tces of meeting, with chi has proclaimed that in Korea 272 full members and 265 catechumens, "all religions shall be treated equally, nine day-schools with 162 boys and 29 and due protection shall be accorded girls attending. There are 22 classes to their legitimate propagation"; he in the city Sunday-school, the whole has retained Judge Watanabe, a Chris- Church attending. The men meet first, tian, at the head of the Judicial Dethen go home and take care of the partment, and has appointed another house while the women come. The Christian, Mr. Ariyoshi, to an imporyoungest pupil is four, the oldest sev- tant place in the Government. Another enty; she learned to read in the last Japanese statesman, Count Okuma, few years. interviewed by a representative of the Fulwni Shimpo as to the work of A REVIVAL AT PENG YANG, KOREA Christian missions in Korea, said: "We regard the work of the mission- During the closing months of last aries as a great work, and thank them year a great revival is reported to for doing it." He, too, exprest a hope have swept over Peng Yang in North that Japanese Christians would carry Korea. Daily Bible classes prepared on the work of Korea's evangelizathe way. Large posters were put up tion in the future, tho he admitted in prominent places, and contained that an obstacle to this was the fact Scripture verses printed in colors. that the Japanese have not made a Tracts for every day were distributed from house to house. The college and academy were dosed in order that native teachers and students might de-

good impression, many of them hav- the fact that a Christian was elected ing acted oppressively and harshly. is in itself a sign of progress. A few "We must," he said, "truly regard the years ago none but strict heathen Koreans as our brothers, show them would have been considered.

sympathy and kindness, and so make The new king continues to attend them a truly virtuous people." the services held by the missionaries, CHANGES IN THE KONGO STATE who expect that he will exert a good influence, even if he is a weak believer A better day is dawning for the op- only. prest natives of the Kongo. Since the death of King Leopold there have THE OUTLOOK IN TURKEY been movements in the direction of progress in two respects especially. The signs of unrest are still very Commerce is developing along better evident in Turkey. Albania is exlines, so that the natives are treated ceedingly restive under the attempts more justly. Slavery appears to be to displace the Albanian language dead, and labor is not surrounded with Turkish, and in the Asiatic prov- . with the cruelty and tyranny that for- inces discontent and ill feeling make merly prevailed. Sanitary science has some observers fear an open conflict improved the conditions of living in with the new Government. Many are some districts, so that the death-rate emigrating to America. The poverty has decreased 50 per cent. It is hoped of the country, the compulsory milithat the missionary work may also tary service, oppression, and the inbe prospered and be relieved of the efficiency of local officials is driving obstacles put in its way by the Bel- out some of the best young men from gian authorities. Turkey and Syria.

The new Government has not yet "made good," tho it has made A GOOD SIGN IN WEST AFRICA good progress in many directions.

Togoland is a German colony in New roads are being laid out in some West Africa, situated between the districts, suitable to automobiles, and Gold Coast and Dahomey. Of its mil- new schools are being built, but the lion inhabitants about 980,000 are spirit of tolerance and righteousness fetish worshipers, and only about does not yet possess the rulers or the 5,000 are Protestants, the latter the people. When all the new projects fruit of the efforts of the Wesleyan for railroads are carried out, the Methodist and the North German transportation problem in Turkey will Missionary Societies. From the king- be transformed, and material prosper- dom of Ho in Togoland comes the ity will greatly increase. Progress in news that a native Christian has beell railroad building must be slow, on ac- elected its king, after the death of count of the poverty of the country King Hosu, who was a bitter enemy and international jealousies. Four of Christianity until his death. True, lines are about to be constructed-one the newly elected king was forced to from Kumanovo, on the Nisch-Salo- submit to the heathen ceremonies con- nica line, to Kustendil in southwest nected with his enthronement, and he Bulgaria; another is to connect Sam- will have to perform many heathen sun and Sivas, passing through Kav· rites in connection with his office, but za, Amasia and Tokat; another runs

between Sanaa, in Yemen, southwest ity, are being followed by real show- Arabia and Hodeida, its port; and a ers of blessing and promises of a rich fourth line is under way, prolonging harvest. the Bagdad Railway from Ergeli, through the Taurus Mountains, via THE WOMEN'S MISSIONARY JUBILEE Adana and Osmanlieh, to Helif. Sev- eral other lines have been decided The climax of over thirty series of on-one from Bandurma, on the Sea missionary meetings in as many cen- . of Marmora, to Balukesir and Soma; ters all over the United States, was another is to run north from Baba held in New York City, March 27th Eski to Kurk Kilise, and another is to to 30th, to celebrate the fiftieth anni- continue the Eski Shehir to Angora versary of the beginning of woman's line as far as Sivas. The Chester-Colt organized work for Foreign Missions. syndicate proposes to run a line east- The series of meetings began last ward from 'Sivas through Harput, October, and have been growing in Moush and Bitlis, to Van, and another interest and power. There has been section southwest to the Gulf of Alex- an effort to raise a million-dollar fund andretta. The continuation of the for missions among the women, ·and Bagdad line to the Persian gulf is already over $300,000 has been re- practically assured, and the British ceived in thank offerings. All the wish to have it carried to Koweit, as evangelical Christian churches are well as to Busrah. represented in the movement. and large committees of influential women These railroads will all have an im- have undertaken to arrange for the mense influence on the development meetings in New York. Six large of the natural resources of Turkey, luncheons for 6,000 women were ar- on the promotion of commerce, on the ranged for in Hotel Astor and else- preserving of order, and the develop- where (no one room being large ment of national defense, and on the enough to hold all who wished to progress of the Gospel, by furnishing come). transportation for missionaries, stu- dents, and Bibles. The program included also a "Pag- eant of Missions" in the Metropolitan GOOD NEWS FROM MACEDONIA Opera House, an "Authors' Evening" in the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Last November a conference of Church, and a mass-meeting in Car- evangelical churches of European negie Hall. Tickets at 50 cents to Turkey was held in Monospitovo vil- $2.00 a seat were soon taken, and lage, in connection with a week of many were disappointed in being un;' prayer. Great interest was awakened, able to secure seats at any price. The writes Rev. Edward B. Haskell, in the Christian women can not be surpassed Orient, and the meetings were pro- in their enthusiastic support of the longed for four weeks. Many came work of Christ. to Christ, and the spirit of unity among Christians was strengthened. SAILED VOLUNTEERS FOR 1910 In other villages special meetings were held, and the halls were packed to the The Student Volunteer Movement doors. The long years of spiritual is a powerful agency to enlist men and drought, during revolutionary activ- ;Omen in Foreign Mission work. Volunteers who reached the mission fields during the year 19IO went out

into all the world, and are connected were not moslem, but were largely with 53 nusslOnary agencies. By borrowed from Christian sources. countries, they are distributed as follows: In Africa, 31; China, 128; This was not Mohammedanism, but India and Burma, 69; Japan, 21; Quilliamism. Since that time this sect Korea, 18; South Arnerica, 19; Tur- has gradually declined, until it is said key, IS; Alaska, 3; Philippine and to be almost extinct. A few Syrians West Indies, 21; Mexico, 10; other and Persians at first attended the countries, 33; making the number for services, but even these have dropt the year 368. The total number of away. Their "mosque" was a dingy sailed volunteers is now 4,784. "back-parlor in a gloomy-looking pri- vate house." It is doubtful if any ap- ISLAM IN ENGLAND-A COR· preciable number of Englishmen or RECTION Americans have become Moslems, tho a few have become Babists or There are signs and signs. A Bahaiists. Islam is not a noticeable statement was made in the "Signs of factor in either English or American the Times" of the MISSIONARY RE- life, and Quilliamism is dead in Liver- VIEW for October, 1910, concerning pool. "Islam in Europe," which statement we find to be chiefly a sign of human J. F. Hewitt, formerly of Bengal, liability to error. The statement was India, later of Liverpool, found on intaken from a source that the editors vestigation last November that Quilhad every reason to believe accurate, liam ran away a few years ago, after and was accepted without independ- an exposure of his disgraceful conduct ent investigation. We now learn, in a divorce case; the house used for however, that the statement as to the the meetings (at 8 Brougham Terstrength of Islam in Liverpool is in- race), has been closed, and there was accurate and misleading. The facts nothing but an old, dilapidated sign to appear to be these: Some eighteefl show that such a Moslem sect ever or twenty years ago Mr. Abdullah existed in Liverpool. Quilliam started a Moslem sect 111 Liverpool, and opened a reading- The appearance of the paragraph in room and a prayer-room, called a the REVIEW is, perhaps, a sign that "mosque." Statements gained cur- followers of Mohammed and Quilrency that Islam was making great liam are making an active propaganda strides among Englishmen, but Mr. through the press, and are attempting Upson, a representative of the Indian to create the belief that Islam is cappress, went to Liverpool and investi- turing England and America. Such, gated the subject. He found that the however, is far from the case. We "mosque" was a hired room; the read- regret the publicity given to the error, ing-room and prayer services were but we rejoice in the fact that it was visited by few and very unimportant an error, and not the truth.* individuals. The men and women attended together, and the latter were * For-further ill formation apply to H.ev. J. F. unveiled. The prayers and hymns Hewett, New Chapel, Stoke-on-Trent; Dr. Henry Martyn Clark, 5 Comely Park, Edinburgh, and James l:{onro, Esq., 17 Rubislaw Terrace, Aber- deen, Scotland.

OPEN-AIR EVANGELfSTIC M E£TlNG AT LO U DON~ NYASALAN D

SIGNS OF THE DAWN IN NYASALAND BY DONALD FRASER, LOUDON, LIVI NGSTO NIA In these days of world-wide com- of missionaries had plunged into a munications and settled government, dark and impenetrable thicket, which we find it hard to appreciate the hero- closed behind them, shutting off all ism and genius required to establish sound and sign of their struggle and pioneer missions in some of the iso- certain death. lated portions of the untamed world. From the written record of their Especially is this so when we try to first brave days we can see them pushestimate the progress which has been ing their way up the wide, shallow made in Central Africa. IVe must try waters of the Zambesi and the Shire to think ourselves back to the state in the little steamer Ilata, which they of affairs thirty-five years ago, when had bolted together at the coast, and the first party of missionaries boldly which had again been taken apart and passed beyond the coast line of Africa rebuilt at the cataracts. We can see and penetrated into the wild and iso- them passing over the still waters of lated interior. What Livingstone had the Upper Shire, which Livingstone revealed of the social unrest, and of had seen blocked with the corpses of the unrestrained and bloody cruelty murdered natives, past the slavingof the slave-traffic in these regions, markets of the Arabs, until they sailed was not calculated to embolden tim- on the waters of the lake, and chose a orous souls. To the few watchers at site for their first mission station at home it seemed as if the first party Cape Mac1ear. Those who will may

read of the long, unlighted days of raiders and raided alike, lived under service among the peoples of the Lake, the terror of its own loathsome and when" blood boils" again and again deadly superstitions. by the sight and story of slaving atrocities, and the little band lived on To one who lives in more settled among a people whose language was days, no language seems vivid enough unknown, cut off for almost a year to describe the land as it was then. from all the news of the civilized But happily the pioneers themselves world which they had left behind scarcely knew how dreadful was their them. Around them were harried environment, or how heroic the task people whom they dared not protect they were attempting. Their faces from the Arab slavers, or the maraud- were not to the darkened west, but ing bands of plundering, murdering toward the dawn in the east. Angoni. The only forces they could use were not those that "boiling The Forces at Work blood" demands, but the slow yet certain powers of civilizing arts and the I shall not attempt to trace the proggentle gospel of peace. ress of all the new forces which are making this land a new land. A mis- The Early Days sionary very soon realizes how mani- fold and complex are the agents If we would understand how great which God employs for the establisha progress has been made since then, ing of the Kingdom of Christ. Many we must remember the isolation of the who little suspect it are His unconmissionaries, when supplies could scious servants of evangelization. only be obtained by long and hazard- First, one must mention the establishous canoe journeys, for which some ment of commerce and lines of commember of the party must be detailed munication. Livingstone always saw off. We must think of the compara- that this would be the greatest enemy tive ignorance of even the medical of the slave traffic, and with the second members of the party as to what pre- party that sailed for Lake Nyasa there cautions must be taken to avoid the was at least one man who went out deadly malaria with which the land ostensibly to develop this agency. As seemed to be full, when all the ro- necessities became more pressing, a mance of waving palm-trees and shi- trading arm of the Livingstonia Misning lake were lost in the recurring sion was formed, which afterward deand disabling and death-dealing at- veloped into the African Lakes Corpotacks of this restless fiend. We must ration. Numerous other trading conremember the wild, unsettled condi- cerns followed, until now Nyasaland tion of the tribes whom no one gov- is interpenetrated by commercial comerned. The Arabs pulled on their panies with scores of steamers which bloody juggernaut of the slave-trade, maintain communication along the until the land stunk with the stench of lake shore and the rivers, with a railtheir victims. The Yao and Angoni way, with coffee, cotton, rubber and maintained the power of the spear by other plantations, which combined to perpetual raids on their weak and dis- export goods produced in the Protecorganized neighbors. And each tribe, torate to the value of iI40,OOO ($700,000) last year. What this en-

OF THE DAWN IN NYASALAND

terprise has done to make practical We no longer live in days of continual the preaching of industry and a self- war alarms, nor see the crowded slave respecting civilization it is impossible dhow in the Jake, nor find the hideous to estimate. And how shall we count stockaded or hidden villages in which up the changes it has made in the the weaker tribes dragged out their possibilities of education, in the adjust- terrified existence. We live in recogments of missionary work, and in the nized security, more unshaken, perlife and influence of each missionary? haps, than that of many a dweller in civilized lands. Then one must mention the blessing that has come by the establish- But if one were to seek out and ment of a settled government. Many enumerate all the agents whom God SCHOOLHOUSE AND DAY-SCHOOL PUPILS AT AN OUT-STATION IN NYASALAND a hard word has been written about has called out to serve Him in Africa, the greedy scramble of European the list would be very long. There is Powers for Africa. And base enough the discovery of the cause of malaria, motives may have prompted more than as great a handmaiden to evangelizaone partition. Yet the fact remains tion as the steamboat or the telegraph. that those open sores of inter-tribal It has enormously prolonged the life warfare, and· of the slave-traffic, and increased the powers and efficiency could not remain festering in the face of missionaries. One can no longer of the world. Some to whom God say, as Drummond did when he passed had given the power to govern must out of Central Africa, "I have been in step in and heal them. And now we the land of the dead." It is now no who live in Nyasaland and the regions uncommon thing for a man to pass round about must bless the day when year after year without a single at- Germany and Britain proclaimed a pa- tack of fever. This has meant that ternal protectorate of these tom lands. the staffs of missionaries are not sub:-

THE BLANTYRE CllURCH-BUILT BY NATIVE LABOR IN NYASALAND ject to so many disorganizing changes, of these lands, and of Dr. Stewart, that they are able to carryon their when suggesting the formation of the work with more continuity, and with Livingstonia Mission. Livingstone more buoyancy of temperament, and believed that in this region Englishthat all over this once savage land men might enjoy good health, and also are little European homes, where be of signal benefit in leading the mulladies sweeten and refine the influences titude of industrious inhabitants to culof the station, and little children with tivate cotton, maize, sugar and other rosy cheeks give an atmosphere of valuable produce, to exchange for home and human joy. goods of European manufacture, at the same time teaching them by pre- Success in the Blantyre Mission cept and example the great truths of our holy religion. And Dr. Stewart I shall not attempt to give a bal- saw an institution like that at Loveanced account of all the success which dale, where in time a town might the various missions have achieved in grow and become a center of Chris- Nyasaland, but shall speak in more tian civilization and commerce. Now, detail of the work of the Livingstonia I do not think it is the function of a Mission, which works in the lands ly- Christian mission to build up a city or ing to the west of Lake Nyasa. Be- develop a great commercial enterprise. fore doing so, let me notice slightly One of the temptations which always one or two of the other great missions appeals to the missionary is to turn of the colony. aside his energies into lines which will provide industry for a people who are First must come the Blantyre Mis- sorely in need of this world's goods. sion of the Church of Scotland. It He recognizes how their poverty hanfollowed soon after the Livingstonia dicaps his work at every turn, and pre- Mission, and has realized more fully vents the growth of that comfortable the original ambition of David Livingstone when calling for occupation

OF THE DAWN IN

civilization which should mark the fully passed these temptations. For progress of the Gospel. Yet I believe while a city is growing around them, that almost every mission which has and a labor-producing industry is covattempted to develop a commercially ering the Highlands which they serve, successful industry laments to-day these are not departments of the miseither the confining circumstances sion's work. With great wisdom, their which must be respected if industry is pioneer missionaries chose a beautito be commercially successful, or the ful situation, which eventually offered limitations which their business neces- prizes of success to commercial entersarily puts on their spiritual service. prise. They led the way, and made for example, they must pay more at- it possible for traders to come to this tention to their proximity to a mar- land, and showed in what ways trade ket than to the claimant needs of un- might grow. In their little garden the evangelized tribes, or the previous oc- first coffee-trees were grown, and in cupation of a district by some other 1901 over 16,900 acres were under mission. And when they have estab- coffee, tho now this industry has falllished a commercially successful mis- en off, and given place to cotton and sion, they are face to face with grave tobacco. They opened the first little questions, such as the dependence of store, started the first carpenter shop, their converts on material things ran the first printing-press, and to-day which come upon the mission, and the there are many contractors' yards absorbing pressure of the business de- where native carpenters and builders mands of the mission, which will not are busily engaged, printing-presses allow the necessary thought or the producing newspapers and books, time to be given to the first things stores with turn-overs of tens of thoufor which a mission stands. sands of pounds. And the presence of these, tho they may not all make for The Blantyre Mission has success- From • Photograph by a Native.

TllK HBKtY HZNDBRSON INSTITUTE AT BUNTYn.. IfYASALANI)

righteousness, yet, in the main, pro- in South Africa, led by Dr. Andrew duce conditions which allow a pros- Murray. At first the mission was perous and educative mission to grow associated with the Livingstonia Mis- in power and grace. sion, but as it grew into strong and The little station at Blantyre, always conscious life, it developed along its noted for its captivating beauty, has own lines in a sphere called Central grown now to a great and impressive and Southern Angoniland. Year by group of buildings. There you will year it has steadily increased in staff see the majestic church, world-re- and in the area covered by its nu- nowned, which stands a daily witness merous stations, until it is now the to the glory of the service of God, a largest mission in Nyasaland. Re- great hospital, an educational institute cently a great forward movement has turning out its scores of lads and girls been made. The Church in the Orange who are soon scattered over all the Free State, and the Transvaal have land from the Kongo Free State to joined hands with the Cape Colony.

South Africa, occupying lucrative and New stations have been opened to the responsible positions. And Blantyre west and south, and a vast ramifica- has now many offshoots, Zomba, Do- tion of schools has been developed. I masi, Mlanse, at each of which the have not the statistics of the mission same thorough work and productive here, but I believe that their scholars results will be found. Their schools now number over 40,000.

number 104, with 4,300 scholars, and The type of their work is very these are not the scholars of statistics, much like that for which the French but of real fact, for each pupil in at- missions have earned an enviable tendance has to pay a substantial fee. reputation. It is characterized by a The church-membership grows with a simple and devout piety, which steadiness and solidity full of promise greatly emphasizes the spiritual side of the future. There are now 2,541 of their work. In addition, at almost in full church-membership, and a the- all of their stations they have de- ological course is in progress for the veloped agricultural work to a large training of promising lads who have extent. Their gardens and orchards already given proof of their spiritual are the delight of all visitors. At power and genius for leadership. the present moment their work at some of the stations has become The Dutch Reformed Mission and Others seriously disorganized by the unex- Another mission which should be pected discovery that sleeping-sick- noted is the mission of the Dutch ness has broken out within the areas Reformed Church of South Africa. which they work.

It should be better known than it is In addition to these missions there were it for nothing else than to dem- are the Zambesi Industrial Mission onstrate with a great emphasis how with its chief plantation and other in- deep is the missionary feeling of the dustrial centers near Blantyre, but South African Dutch Christians. with other very successful ramifica- The mission was started a little tions in Southern Angoniland. To- over twenty years ago by a band day there are 30 Europeans on its of Dutch Reformed Church ministers staff. It has46 schools, 4,200 scholars,

OF THE DAWN IN NYASALAND

and a considerable church-membership. preachers. Now I would stop a mo- There are also a number of other mis- ment here to protest against any at- sions mostly congregated around the tempt to measure the adequacy of the Blantyre Mission such as the Nyasa forces for evangelization by an arith- Industrial Mission, the Baptist Indus- metical numeration of the European trial, the Seventh Day Adventist missionaries. I can not help thinking (American) and the Marist Brothers that such a line of statesmanship (Roman Catholic). ignores the great essential features ,', The Livingstonia Mission of missionary work. Some of them Of the work and success of the may be summed up under these heads: Livingstonia Mission I write with The varying opportunity of using the love and enthusiasm to be ex- native agents, and their varied pected of a member of its staff. The powers. The scattered or concen- sphere which the Livingstonia Mis- trated condition of the native popula- sion cultivates may be roughly de- tion. The need for an efficient staff scribed as bounded on the east by for adequately training your agents.

the lake, on the south by the Eua The variety of service which the mis- River, on the north by German East sionary may require to give. For ex- Africa, and on the west by the ample, he may be a teacher, confining Mchinga Mountains, with an addi- his work to a score of pupils, an evan- tional sphere around the land con- gelist himself doing the preaching of secrated forever as the death place of the gospel, a superintendent, organ- David Livingstone. Within this sphere izing and directing the work of hun- there are no other missions and that dreds of agents through whom he is a fact for which we must ever be would multiply himself again and thankful, as it has saved the Church again. . And, after all, is not the from the lamentable waste of over- lesson of your supreme American lapping from the discreditable [teart- evangelist's life, the unmeasured pos- burnings of denominational jealousy, sibilities that are in one man wholly and has given the mission a rare op- yielded to God?

portunity of working out without The first twenty years of the Liv- hindrance a unity of policy, un- ingstonia Mission were years of trammeled by unworthy motives. pioneer work, when foundations were Would that the same could be said being solidly laid, but little of the of all the spheres of mission work in superstructure had begun to appear.

unevangelized lands. The spheres for During these years six or seven which we are responsible are now stations were established with a staff completely covered by a great net- of 2I Europeans. But at the end of work of agencies, which may be con- that period there were only 178 native cretely summed up as 661 schools. converts, and some 5I schools with But to superintend these there are 4,500 pupils. To-day there are nine only eight European stations, tho stations manned by 26 Europeans, but it is our ambition to add two in the the native church has grown to 6,200 near future. For these stations there members, and there are over 661 are 26 Europeans who superintend schools staffed by about 1,259 teachers the work of 1,259 native teachers and and with 58,000 pupils on the roll.

A CLASS OF BOAll:DIN G·:;; CHOQL GIRLS AT LOUDON, NYASALASD Now by what arithmetical rule shall of the evangelist and for whom a we measure the possible progress of literature had to be created that they the Kingdom of God in the light of might feed their souls. this fact? Twenty years had only produced 178 Christians, and th e last The schools in the beginning were fifteen have produced over 6,000. very simple affairs. In many cases Last year alone more than 1,700 were they were not even housed in the most baptized, and 7,500 were in the primitive building, and consisted of catechumenate. We stop short in a group of children meeting at the all our calculations to recognize that kraal gate, who listlessly attempted to there are forces hidden in God's King- master the alphabet and primer. But dom which we can not estimate, and as the value of education became more of the day and the hour when the apparent the schools became more Kingdom shall be fulfilled no man ambitious, seductive bribes to make knoweth . children attend ceased, and new de- mands on self-help were imposed. The basic work of the Livingstonia lOW no school is continued unless Mission has been educational. From the villagers build a neat schoolhouse, the schools, and what they produce pay school fees, and buy their books. the great part of the progress has been The standard of the teachers has made. This is the necessary and greatly risen, and there is a growing healthy policy in such a land as Cen- number of highly trained normal tral Africa. For here is a people who teachers connected with every station. were entirely illiterate, whose intelligences required to be developed that This advance was made possible by they might understand the message the starting of a Central Institution by Dr. Laws. Here teachers and evan-

OF THE DAWN IN NYASALAND

gelists are scientifically trained, and value of these little agencies has been large numbers of apprentices go that they have always been more through a four and five years' course evangelical than educational aims. In in carpentry, engineering, building, them the Gospel is daily taught, intailoring, etc. The Institution would telligence is created which strikes an take an article all to itself to ade- effective blow at dark superstitions, quately describe, suffice it to say that and prepares a people to understand it has been planned and developed on and receive Christian truth. The the most generous scale. Liberal teachers and monitors all make prodonors have lavished handsome gifts fession of Christianity, and underon its equipment, and already, al- stand that their primary work is to tho its plans are still far from prepare a way for the Gospel, and to complete, more than £30,000 have proclaim it. The result is that a new been spent on its equipment. That this school is never open many months has been well spent, we, at the out- before there grows about it a group stations can tell, and anyone reading of inquirers who afterward become the statistics of the mission will see catechumens, and other church memhow centralizing special training has bers. reduced the necessary European staffing at out-stations, and has produced Requirements for Church Membership a large number of highly efficient native helpers, and has made possible Yet the process is not sudden and huge advances in the primary work of uncontrolled. The church memberevangelization. ship is carefully guarded, as indeed it requires to be in these days of mass But to return to the schools. The movement toward Christianity. We TEACHERS AND :BOARDING PUPILS AT CHETAMBA M.ISSION STATI ON, NYASALAND

are sober Scotchmen, and have learned preached is, "Behold an open door the lesson of a century of missions, which no man can shut." In spite of and respect the necessities of mission- all caution the numbers who seek the ary discipline. Hence it is agreed by privilege of church membership are all the missions in Nyasaland that very great. My own station at none are baptized until they have been Loudon is now but eight years old, about three years under special in- yet I have nearly 2,000 in full church struction, and their manner of life has membership, 3,000 in the catechumenbeen thoroughly tested. When we ate, and nearly 4,000 in the inquirer's admit to church membership the classes. These are not figures which history of each one publicly received show wisdom or power in man, but is at least somewhat as follows: Three the Almightiness of the Lord the years ago he joined the inquirer's Spirit. class and attended its weekly meetings. Then he came to the European The Growth of Schools for examination after being judged fit by the native elder. Then he was A government official who had been publicly received as a catechumen, considering the rapid growth of our went through another eighteen schools recently said to me, "But ·months' instruction in the catechu- where is this to stop? The demands menate, was then examined by a na- on the home liberality must increase tive elder, and afterward by the Eu- at a huge rate." Well, one would ropean missionary. If his answers naturally fear so, and I think our COUlgave evidence of a new life and of mittee at home rejoices with a good sufficient intelligence his name was deal of trembling when we send them then sent down to the local church our annual reports. But, after all, the members, who pronounced on his increase on the demands of home manner of life, whether it gave liberality, have not at all been proevidence of his loyalty to Christ, portionate to the increase of work out then it was submitted to the session here. In 1903 there were only 374 of native elders, and if they approved, schools. To-day there are 661 schools. he was publicly baptized. If there In 1903 the educational grant from are any Roman Catholic readers of home amounted to i1,487, while the this paper I hope they will take note grant for this last year was i2,o97. of this caution, for some of them have That is to say, that while the schools charged us in print with a lack of increased from 371 to 661 and the caution, and with overmuch haste. scholars from 19,000 to 58,000 there But I expect that there are also was only an increase of £610 on the zealous and hasty souls, who read grant sent by the home church. Here this paper, and who are lifting up their surely is a case where God's returns hands in dismay at the sore restraints are not to be measured by His peowe seem to put on souls ready to con- ple's givings. fess Christ. But it is one thing to confess Christ and another to enter the But how is it that there has been church. And the message which so little increase necessary from the without limit or qualification is home church? Well, there are various reasons, and one is that God has a treasury here also.

First of all, Government has recently

OF THE DAWN IN NYASALAND

answered the repeated claims of the thousands of people. The addresses missionary societies, and has begun to were, of course, given by interpretamake a grant toward education. It tion; but in spite of the great difficulis still a very small sum. The pro- ties presented by such a method of portion that comes to the Living- teaching, wonderful and never-tostonia Mission for its 58,000 pupils be-forgotten results followed. The is £275 a year. But, best of all, the great audiences were entirely broken people are beginning to give a little for down. Weeping and confessing their own support, and last year they dedication to God were the signs of gave nearly £900. Here is a veritable the presence of the Spirit in the hearts gold mine which we are beginning to of the congregations, and tho the open up, and the more genuinely African is perhaps a very emotional ST. ANDREW'S CHURCH) MSONDOLE, DOMASl, NYASALAND. BUILT BY THE NATlVE CONGREGATION spiritual our progress is, the richer man, the effects have not been tempowill this vein prove to be. When rary or disastrous. One has seen one remembers that only a small per- throughout the land a quickened centage of the people get wages for church greatly rejoicing in the fellowa few months in the year, and that ship of the Spirit, an intense spirit the average pay of the working of service, a great ingathering of the man is r0d (3 cents) a day, the sum heathen, and many another evidence of £900 represents a fair liberality. that God alone has done what we saw during those convention days. During these past months an awakening of a very spiritual and One would not represent the true fruitful character has come to the feeling of the mission staff in these church. The Rev. Charles Inwood, days of progress were one to close a deputy from Keswich Convention, this article with a mere recounting of held a series of four large conven- the good things we see. There are tions which were attended by many weaknesses in the Church, and perils

ahead of us, to which we are very some districts by an irruption of what much alive. Weare far from satis- is called Ethiopianism, but what is fied with the spirit of liberality. There really an immoral reaction against are very many in the Church who seem church discipline led by a strange to know little of the living fellowship American sect which sends natives of of God. A greater love of the Bible no good character to preach a strange TI-m INTERIOR OF THE LOUDON CHURCH, NYASALAND as the true word of God, a greater complication of doctrines, the only Christlikeness in conduct, a more point of which they seem to have vital faith in prayer, a more intelligent grasped is that there is no hell-fire. grasp of divine truth, these are things But this has scarcely touched the we lack. Church, beyond awakening it to greater activity. We have had sore times, too, in MONEY GIFTS AND THEIR VALUE 1. TiJr.-A small gift from a full 4. Silver.-The gift of pity for the purse with no earnest thoughts or needy; at some cost to the giver prayer. and with a desire for the better- 2. Brass.-A gift for praise of men -without love and without sacri- ment of mankind. fice. 5 C;old.-The gift of love to Christ 3. Iron.-The gift of necessity, due and love for those who know not to the importunity of an appeal or His salvation. The gift or real a promise; without free-will or sacrifice cheerfully given. heartiness. What kind of a gift is yours?

INDIA'S NATIONALisM AND

BY REV. HENRY MANSELL, D.D. l1issionary of the l;Iethodist Episcopal Church, 1866.

"India never had any nationality," and formed the Adhi Samaj, and these said Sir George Clarke, Governor of two factions are not yet united.. Bombay, when addressing a wealthy and educated audience iil Bombay a Recently there has been an associashort time ago. Like the educated tion formed in Serampore to advocate Bengalis, these people are eager to the remarriage of child widows, but assume national honor and responsi- when arrangements were made for one bility, and Sir George assured them such marriage, the Brahmans in Calthat the surest and quickest way to cutta raised obj ections and preventattain their ends was to ally them- ed it. selves with the nation now in authority in India. They must study the The educated and wealthy Indian principles of the British Government citizens of Cawnpore who formed a and compare it with all the other gov- reading club, and took a number of ernments of the world; they must daily and weekly newspapers, periodlearn loyally to obey that power un- icals and books, met in harmony for der which they live, and must frater- a time, but when the first tribal war nize with other nations and tribes broke out and British troops were hurand religions. ried to the frontier, and news came daily of battles with varied fortunes, This is a problem hard to solve. the club met early to read the latest Hindus and Mohammedans are so of- news, then Nawab Ali Khan said to ten in conflict, especially when the the Hindu Rajah: Moharram and Ram Lilla coincide in date; indeed, Shias and Sunnis are "Rajah Sahib, I notice that when nearly always in conflict when Tazias there is a victory by the British forces are carried to burial. An effort look- you always look pleased, but when the ing toward union was made when the Mohammedans are victorious, you are Indian National Congress was inau- sad. Why is it? We are all fellow gurated, but soon the Mohammedans countrymen, but the British are forbroke off and began the Indian Loyal eigners. Nhy should we not be breth- Association, so that the congress was ren ?" divided. One faction determined to criticize the Government adversely, The Rajah said: "Nawab Sahib, and the other to express loyal senti- we can trust the word of the British, ments. but not that of the Mohammedans. You remember that in the last war The late Babu Ram Mohan Roy, a between Hindus and Mohammedans learned and eloquent man, formed the the general promised the Hindus parreform sect, called the Brahma Samaj, don if they would surrender. They but when he gave in marriage his did, and he had them all destroyed." daughter, who was under the age which he himself had proposed as In Southern India there was a very proper for girls to be married, several low-caste tribe who were not allowed Brahmans, with several others, left to wear clothes, except the little belt around their waists. Then many of them became Christians they and their missionaries insisted on their wearing

chadars (waists). Then suddenly freedom and a passion for national there was an uprising in their caste unity not grow in India, as it to put down this pride and make them did among the Aryan tribes of. Eu- still go naked as usual, and the Gov- rope? Probably the cause is to be ernment came in and sustained the sought in the rigidly d(.spotic and ty- Christians and thus made peace. rannical manner in which the con- Last year there was an uprising of quering Aryans treated the subject Chilsa mountainous tribe against their races. A section of a community, espe- head men who opprest them, and the cially if it be small one, can not con- missionaries were chosen to arbitrate. tinue to enjoy freedom if it rigidly de- so that the dispute was settled and the nies it to the other and larger sections, British troops, which were ready, were and can not have a desire to be united not required. with it by the national tie if it invari- The Arya Samaj affirms that it is ably despises the other as an inferior not disloyal to government, but It con- race and denies it the "ordinary rights stantly opposes Christianity. So the of man." But perhaps the most striking history of India is the history of tribe of all is the quotation from Mr. Rhys at war with tribe, and caste with caste. Davids in Buddhistic India, where, we The ancient history of India is the are told, that when Buddhism arose same. The Brahmans, or Sons of the there was no paramount sovereign in Sun, were constantly at war with India. The kingly power was not, of the Chpatris, the Sons of the Moon. course, unknown, for there had been The sacrifice of the horse by one of . kings in the valley of the Ganges for these castes was a challenge to the centuries long before Buddhism, and other castes to make war. the time was fast approaching when It is not the form of government the whole of India would be under that will nationalize India. The bril- the sway of monarchical governments.

liant editor of the Modern Review, In those years we find a still sur- and Dr. Burenderkar, writing in the viving number of small aristocratic Times of India, have said: "The In- republics, and four kingdoms of con- dian Aryans, like their European siderable extent and power. The tend- brethren, had the rudiments of free ency toward the gradual absorption political institutions." When Teshalea of these domains, and also of the tribes settled in any province, the republics into the neighboring king- name of the tribe in any province be- doms, was also in full force.

came the name of the province, and These quotations sustain the state- these collectively became identified ment of the Governor of Bombay, that with the countries in which they lived, India never had any nationality, and and actually the existence of aristo- go far to prove the statement that the cratic republics is alluded to in Budd- evil system of caste is the cause of it, histic Pali books. But the rudiments by giving to the few the power to of free political institutions did not trample the manhood out of the many grow in India, and no passion for na- millions. Moreover, I echo the senti- tional unity was strong enough to ment of the same governor, that one trample under foot the germs of caste. way to improve is to loyally obey the Why did the instinct for political best government India has ever had,

19II ] INDIA'S NATIONALISM AND

and to learn the principles of govern- Christians education to work for the ment by studying all governments, salvation of their countrymen. whether Christian or non-Christian. Only Christianity can cure the cruel 4. The American Board missions, system of caste and lift India to man- and those of the Reformed (Dutch) hood and make her a nation among Church, received a powerful stimulus nations, whether it be a limited mon- by the Edinburgh Conference, and archy or a repUblic. are having new success, according to their new faith. We have spoken of various reforms in India which at first gave great 5. The English Baptists also are promise, but as Dr. Robinson, editor of The Kaukab-a-Hind, wisely says, awake and successful. "Reforms in India do not always 6. The Presbyterians of two namove as rapidly as at first they gave promise. This is because so many tions and three denominations having influential men are quite willing to united, are a mighty force in North advocate these reforms, for the coun- and Northwest India. The last contry at large, but fail to break with vention at Sialkot was a season of tradition when they touch their own great revival. personal lives." This strikes the key- {lote of my affirmation that Christian- 7. The last Dassehra camp-meeting ity only can sweep away caste, the of the Methodist Episcopal Church at maximum of "Man's inhumanity to man," and make a man new and un- Lucknow, was not so well attended selfish, so that he will advocate re- as usual, but it was a season of rich forms in the country even when they revival influence, and many Indians touch his personal life, and go consecrated themselves to the work against his own interests, for the good of saving others. Rev. Stanley Jones, of the nation. I believe in the "ade- of Lucknow, writes: "The other day quacy of Christianity" for the salva- J preached on Acts I: 8 before a body tion of India in the near future. of seventy-five or eighty Hindustani preachers; the power of God fell on I. The Bishop of Madras is at- us, and many were overcome as they tempting the work of uplifting and crowded to the altar pleading for the saving the lower castes, and is suc- baptism of the Holy Spirit. It would cessful, as are all the missionaries. have done one good to see the Indian preachers studying the translation of 2. The English Church missionaries Dr. Keen's pentecostal papers on that are using the grants made by the Cen- subject as a text-book, and asking tenary committee very judiciously for questions and showing a keen interest evangelistic work, for building up in the teaching concerning the Holy men, and for mission schools that will Ghost. This is bound to bear much also be evangelistic. fruit."

3. The American Baptists in South- All these unions of missions and ern India are unusually successful in revivals are harbingers of the coming all their work. Their Christian revival which is to sweep India into school-work, inaugurated by the late a blaze of revival, followed by no de- Dr. Clough, is giving many young clension till India is saved. My con- fidence is based not only on what has already begun, but on the work and the prayers of the Edinburgh Con-

ference. The fact that all Protestant rect the errors of the other's creeds denominations of the world were able or rituals, and when arguments art: to put aside their differences and to offered, division must occur. But unite to consider the needs of the non- when the union is that of the Spirit Christian nations. and to work and in the bond of love, each can in love pray for their speedy conversion is a tolerate the supposed errors of the mighty basis for faith. Having this others, and all may unite in work and spiritual union, organic union is not prayer for the non-Christian world essential. If Church of England men with an irresistible force which will go were in organic union with Meth- far to answer the united prayer for the odists, or Presbyterians, or Baptists, salvation of the world. Union with each would feel in duty bound to cor- Christ demands union with each other.

WOMAN AND THE REGENERATION OF INDIA BY E. M. WHERRY, LUDHIANA, PUNJAB, INDIA The population of India is reckoned must make what may seem to some a to be about three hundred millions, of few commonplace statements concernwhich nearly one-half belong to wo- ing the woman's present place in mankind. These belong to all the India's social life. races and religions of the empire. Nothing occurs in the empire in which (I) She is the Mother of the Inwoman has not her part to do or to dians. Do we fully appreciate the insuffer. The work of the Church, in fluence of our own mothers in our own its endeavor to evangelize India, has to national life? ' What has mother done do with the women quite as much as for you and for me-in the formation with the men. It may be questioned of our habits, our thoughts, our charwhether this fact has generally been acter? 'What has her influence counted realized. True it is that women have for in our intellectual, moral and rebeen sent abroad as missionaries to ligious life? Let us remember that work in zananas and girls' schools and mothers in India exercise a similar and hospitals, and a great work is being in some respects a more powerful indone by them for women in almost fluence over their offspring. Nothing every sphere of missionary endeavor. is more notable in India than the in- The more one learns in regard to In- fluence of the mother in the average dian womanhood the more clearly it household upon the sons. She is the is perceived that woman's work for one above all others who has loved woman in India is necessary not only them. In sickness she has nursed to reach her in the seclusion of the them. In sorrow she has comforted zanana, but absolutely necessary to them. In times of need she has helped the evangelization of the men as well. them as she could. She has watched It is to emphasize this fact that I have over them with jealous care day in undertaken to write this article. and day out. She has rejoiced in their advancement and planned for their Woman's Place in India future. All the power of mother-love contributes to make her supreme in In order to rightly understand the the affections of her sons. Unlettered importance of Indian womanhood, we

I9II ] WOMAN AND THE REGENERATION OF

as she is, for her custom is law and by a wife whose influence has even- hereditary superstition is her religion. tually succeeded in compromising his From this it follows that the mother faith and finally diverting him from stands for extreme conservatism. his purpose to be a Christian. Many Every new thought is viewed with such cases might be adduced. I shall suspicion and everything antagonizing mention but one. H- S- was the social custom or religious observance only son of a widow, who lived in a is sure to find in her a zealous oppo- Punjab village. He was a bright nent. Noone knows this better than young man, studying in a mission the zanana missionaries. high-school. His great ambition was (2) But this woman is also a wife to secure service on the railway or in as well as a mother. If she be a a telegraph office on a salary of two Hindu, she has among her gods first or three hundred rupees. He was the of all her husband. Him she rever- best student in his class and deeply in- ences and him she serves as a slave. terested in the Bible. Day after day Her life is bound up in his. Not long he came to learn about Jesus. He ex- since such a wife looked forward to pected to be a Christian some time.

the privilege of dying with her hus- He won a scholarship in college and band on his funeral pile. One might continued his studies there. On suppose that such a wife would have graduating he was chosen for a high little or no influence upon her husband. office under the Government which Sometimes this is so, but when sons obliged his going to Calcutta. He are born, her influence begins to grow called upon me to express his thanks and her motherhood carries with it in- to me for all I had done for him. We creasing power over her husband. kneeled together and prayed that he She becomes the conservator of social might now be able to take his stand customs and caste restriction. Is her for Christ. He carried letters of in- husband disposed to fall in with some troduction to Christian friends in Cal- of the new-fangled notions, born of cutta. Time went on, but no progress the schools ? Would he indulge in for- toward Christ was manifest. Finally bidden food or drink? Let him be- a lady explained that the wife was a ware! The consent must be obtained bigoted Hindu. Here was the force from the mother of his children. If that held him back. H- S- died a she give it, all is well so far as his nominal Hindu.

home is concerned; but if she refuse, If the wife be a Moslem, her in- he must refrain upon the penalty of fluence is still very great. Here, being an outcast. His wife can by a again, she stands for Moslem custom word array against him the powers of and wields power through her rela- the Brotherhood. Her relatives and tives and the priests. The patriarchal his, with the Brahman priest, will at system, whereby all the members of a once arise and set themselves to re- household have their estates in com- form the troublesome member. Many mon under the headship of the father an inquirer, whose mind has been -or, if he be dead, of the mother, filled with the holy teachings of Jesus binds the whole together in a way and whose heart has been drawn to- that distinctly limits the liberty of the ward his Savior, has been confronted individual. M- M- Khan is a mem-

ber of such a household. He has a cumstances the most trying. The brother who lives with the widowed early invasion of India by Moslem mother and manages the landed prop- armies brought together the Hindu erty. M- M- Khan is an officer in armies to defend the city and fort of the police service and usually away Daibul, the precursor of the present from home. He shares equally with city of Karachi. After a fierce strugthe brother in the estate so long as the gle the Moslems were victorious and mother lives. They have thousands the city lay at their feet. The Hindu of dollars in the bank and vested in women refused to surrender to the securities, but all in common. The conquerors, but shutting themselves in mother holds the key but can get noth- the palace they set fire to it and were ing without the two sons, excepting a burned to death rather than survive monthly allowance. They can get to meet dishonor at the hands of their nothing without her. M- M- Khan enemies. has become a Christian. The mother and brother, with the Brotherhood, in- Many similar stories might be cluding his wife's relatives, have ar- related, showing the sturdy characrayed themselves against him, taken ter of Hindu women. But we do not his wife and children away, seized his need to search the annals of war to movable property and threaten him find the courageous endurance possible with financial ruin. A word from his to the Indian w011lan. Visit the sacred mother would change the situation. shrines and you there will find those But as yet that word has not been who have braved the hardships and given and probably never will be dangers of a long journey with their given except at the price of his apos- husbands, bearing the heat and cold tasy. and fatigue with wonderful fortitude, often sacrificing their lives for the These instances illustrate how that sake of their religion. Many too, who, India's womanhood often stands in like Chandra Lela, having lost their the way of the conversion of the men. husbands by the way, have completed On the other hand, when a wife or the journey alone, assuming the remother stands by the son or husband sponsibility of caring for their houseand is willing to share the persecution holds. Such women are patriots to of the clan or caste, the way to open their country and are ready to sacrifice confession of Christ is made easy. comfort and Ii fe itself for their coun- Thanks be to God there are many in- try and their religion. As a Hindu, stances illustrating the devotion of her social customs, her caste and her women who have suffered with their religion are inseparably bound tohusbands for the sake of Christ. gether, and therefore any attack made There are others, not a few, who have upon Hinduism is an attack upon her. left all for the love of the Christ, who had said, "Follow me." It is well known there in the present state of unrest, some of the most (3) This leads me to notice another active seditionists are women, who characteristic of India's womanhood: with facile pens have vented their the heroic. fierce contempt upon the cowardly young men who are afraid to fight and History testifies to the courage and to die for liberty. Without doubt devotion of Indian women, under cir-

AND THE REGENERATION OF

some of those young men, who have fore she was sent to the hospital, suffered a traitor's death, or who now where she was expected to die.

languish in prison, were instigated to These instances illustrate the desper- the deeds they committed by Indian ate extremes to which the apparently women. It is not, therefore. difficult mild Hindu woman will go in order to to see how great woman's influence is accomplish her purpose. Persons sus- in India, when leveled against the gos- pected of being secret believers, and pel. Her love, her cunning, her de- those, too, who have been baptized, ception, her uncompromising spirit, have often been put away by means of her deadly hatred, her readiness to poison. What wonder that women counsel extreme measures, are all who have accepted the Christian faith capable of being used to overthrow are afraid to remain at home, and in what she conceives to be the enemies consequence flee for protection to the of her race and her religion. missionary teacher? Courage is not a An Indian pastor told me the follow- quality belonging solely to the enemies ing story. Many years ago when he of the gospel in an Indian household.

was a boy, one of the female members The heroism of some women who of the family fell under suspicion of have braved all to confess Christ in conduct that would disgrace the family. India compares well with that of the The mother-in-law took the matter heroines of the early Church, and into her own hands. Poison was here is the hope that lies in the charac- mixt with the food that girl ate. She ter of Indian women under the power fell ill and died in agony during the of the gospel. Wedded as they may night. Her body was cast into a well be to Hindu or Moslem superstition, and in the morning she was dragged they are not impervious to Christian out as a suicide. The funeral pyre in teaching. If they can not read books the early hours of the morning wiped they can read character. They can un- out all traces of the crime. derstand the gospel in the Christian's A few months since a young woman life. Loyalty to the marriage vows was admitted to our hospital. She often lead Indian women to follow was so ill that little hope could be their husbands into the Christian fold.

given that she would recover. How- A Hindu lady, once a bigoted Hindu, ever, by constant watching and care- is now a pastor's wife. Her husband ful treatment she slowly recovered. was constrained to leave all to follow The day before she was to be dis- Christ, but for some time she refused charged the mother-in-law came to to leave her people. The husband the hospital bringing a cup of milk went to a distant city and while there and asked permission to give it. he fell seriously ill. He wrote his Without suspicion her request was wife, telling her of his illness. She granted. The milk was given and determined to care for him, altho the mother-in-law departed. Ten she had no intention of becoming a minutes later the patient was dead! Christian or of breaking her caste by What the motive was no one certainly living with him. She went to see him knows. It was thought that she was and for a whole month she cooked his dissatisfied with her home. It is now food as a faithful wife, tho living quite clear that she had been drugged be- apart from him. Seeing the change

which had been wrought in her hus- cieties, the mothers' meetings and the band by the gospel and learning more missionary societies in the Indian of the truth from a missionary lady, churches. she was led to Christ, and from that day became a most devoted Christian Many of those women more adworker. vanced in learning are inspectresses of Government schools. Here is one We have only to look in upon any who has had more than thirty girls' one of the average congregations to schools under her care for nearly see noble Christian women, possest of forty years. Here is a younger lady the courage and devotion already de- who is inspectress of all the Governscribed, who are now engaged in the ment schools in a large city. Still Master's service and exerting a power- another, a college graduate, is inful influence in the home, the Sunday- spectress of all the girls' schools in a school and the Church. Through large native state. Others are printhese she reaches out upon the wider cipals of schools, professors in colcircle of India's womanhood in the leges for women, secretaries of schools and zananas. Young Women's Christian Associa- tion and Endeavor Societies. Still The Hindu Woman's Ability others have studied medicine and are doctors in hospitals, nurses and com- As wives and mothers, the Chris- pounders. A few are professors in tian women of India are devoted to medical institutions. their children, and as far as they can they help them to secure that educa- The problem of evangelizing Hindu, tion and training which wiI1 make Moslem and low-caste women and them useful members of society and children is very great. If it had to be of the Church. Here is a mother solved by foreign lady missionary whom I saw standing side by side labor its solution would be difficult with her husband and their three chil- indeed. But with an ever-growing dren, two boys and a girl. This was Christian community bringing into forty years ago. The father soon the Church young women consecrated died. The widow became a servant to the Master's service, there is a sure and was for a while in my family. prospect of a rapid evangelization of Her children were taught in the mis- India's womanhood largely by native sion school and orphanage for girls. agency. The eldest son is now an evangelist, the daughters married and became Moslem Women zanana teachers, while the youngest son is a mechanic, supporting a numer- Some years since there was held in ous family. The sons and daughters Medina (Arabia) a conference of of .Christian women, of· whom the progressive Moslems, at which the above example is one of the humblest, question was discust as to why Mosare now the Christian teachers in our lem nations were losing ground, while schools or the pastors and evangelists others were continually advancing. in our churches and village centers. This conference was held in secret. They are the strength of the Sunday- Even the minutes or report was not schools, the Christian Endeavor So- published for some time after the con- ference had adjourned. When it was published it first saw light in Port

Said under the protection of a Chris- absence of Hindu and Moslem wotian flag. Over one hundred and forty men capable of being made teachers. reasons were given for the non-pro- In their need they turn to the Chrisgressive condition of Islam. Many and tians. Thus a grand opportunity is quite revolutionary reforms were sug- opened up to Christian women and a gested, some of which are now being sphere of influence almost boundless. carried out in Turkey and Persia. Among these suggested reforms were Education of Boys the abolition of the harem system, whereby women are secluded from the Again, the rapid advance made in the education of boys has developed a ONE WAY T:V WHrCH L A DY Mr SSIONARIES TRA'EL IN INDIA naturally enlightening influences of great need-the need of lady teachers human society, and the absolute neces- in the lower grades of all boys' sity of educating the women as well schools. This need is being felt espeas the men. These views are being cially in schools for Christian boys. ventilated by Moslem leaders in India, Young men who have entered the eduand many Moslems are promoting the cational department as teachers are establishment of schools and colleges not only wanting in the patience and for Moslem women. Some have be- sympathy necessary for the best work gun to send their daughters to Chris- in infant and primary classes, but tian institutions. Everywhere among usually feel it to be beneath their the Hindus female education is being dignity to teach the lower classes. promoted and schools are being estab- Moreover, the number of Christian lished. The practical difnculty is the teachers is so small that of necessity

non-Christians have to be employed a great deal. In India she may be and these for the lower classes. The able to do much through the medium solution of this problem lies in the of her own language, especially in employment of Indian lady teachers. educational work. She is wanted to This will open up another great sphere take charge of or to teach in the of influence for India's womanhood. boarding and day schools, to superin- tend orphanages and asylums, to di- The women and children who have rect the work of schools for girls and been taught to read have need of a women in the zan{ma, to take charge special literature. Who so capable to of hospitals and dispensaries, to train produce it as the educated woman? A Christian women, to assist in convenbeginning has already been made and tions and summer schools, to under- Christian ladies, like the late lamented take extensive tours among the vil- Lilavati Singh, are now editing pe- lages, etc. riodicals specially published for women. The vista here is so wide as to It goes without saying that for such open to view another almost bound- service India calls upon Christian less sphere for woman's influence upon lands for their choicest young women. all classes of society. Education can not be too high, while Christian experience and Bible knowl- Much more might be written along edge should be of a very high order. this line, but enough has been written Let it not be supposed that any mato prepare the way for the words with terial which can not be used in the which I would conclude this article. home field will do for the foreign field. Send us the best. With such Woman'. Work in India an army of Christian workers, leading the increasingly large bands of Indian What is the special sphere in which Christian women in the great work of the lady missionary will work in the evangelizing their non-Christian sisfuture for the regeneration of India? ters, the conquest of India's woman- In the light of what we have said, is it hood for Christ is only a question of not clear that she must first of all time. Many are enlightened and are assume the place of a leader? By her now holding out their hands for the culture, her Christian experience, her bread and water of life. Many are special training and by her devotion to perishing for want of knowledge. the Master's service, as well as by her Fifty millions of low-caste Hindus official relation to the home societies, and Moslems are turning to us for a the lady missionary becomes a leader fuller knowledge of Jesus Christ. in the mission field. She is a for- Thousands are being added to the eigner; and being such, she rarely se- churches annually. The supreme need cures that intimate knowledge of the of this class is training in Bible language and acquaintance with the knowledge and Christian life. For people necessary to close personal these teachers must be trained. United work among the people. If she ever effort on the part of lady teachers, acquire this knowledge, it must be European and Indian, can solve this after years of residence and patient problem. Who will volunteer for this study. However, with a competent service? staff of Indian workers, she can, by directing their efforts, accomplish

RYUNG-A TYPICAL KOREAN

KOREA-THE LAND OF OPPORTUNITY * INVEST NOW. BIG RETURNS!

BY MISS ANNA W. PIERSON "Chosen," as the Japanese call it, or away any monotony from the scene, the "Land of the Morning Calm," as for both boys and girls wear clothes of its name means, "The Palestine of the the brightest hues-pink, red, green, Far East," as we love to think of it, is purple and yellow. A group of chila fascinating country to visit. Even dren at play looks like an animated in the winter months the sunshine is flower-bed. A foreigner can at first glorious, and the air is crisp and in- scarcely distinguish a boy from a girl, vigorating. The faces of the moun- as both wear their hair in a plait down tains change their aspect every hour their backs, and the long bright of the day. They are most beautiful colored coats reach below the knee. when first touched into a rosy hue by the rising sun. The simple, childlike cordiality of the Korean is also in contrast to the There is a marked contrast be- formal elaborate politeness of the tween Japan, with its ever green semi- Japanese. On our first Sunday in tropical appearance, its wooded hills Seoul I attended one of the native and terraced hillsides and Korea with churches with a lady missionary. We its bare brow11 fields and snow covered sat on the women's side of the church hiIIs in the winter months. The Korean which was divided from the men's by houses are made of dried clay, with a white curtain. Several of the thatched roofs so that a village re- Korean women, as they passed the seIIlbles a forest of mushrooms. The bench on which we sat, smiled and tr~autiful d~ar blue'skyand the bright patted my arm or knee as they colored dresses of the people take squatted on the fioor. At the close of • A letter from Korea, after six weeks in Seoul, Peng Yang and Sell Cbun.

the service many of them came up and what they learn. Dr. James S. Gale tells took my hand in both of theirs and of one man who traveled a hundred smiling into my face said, "Pyung-an- miles to see him and when asked the hassio." (Peace). It made one's heart purpose of his visit replied: "I have glow and I felt that I was among been memorizing some verses of the sisters. No one can visit Korea and Bible and I came to recite them to look sympathetically into the work you !" The man recited without an without being greatly imprest with the error the entire "Sermon on the crying needs that mark the present Mount." Dr. Gale told him that if he hour. simply memorized it, it would do him no good, he must practise its teach- From the beginning of the great ings. His face lighted up with a revival in Korea, the Bible has been smile as he replied, "That is the way the one great Book of the Christians. I learned it. I tried to memorize it, The secret of the strength of the but it wouldn't stick, so I hit upon this Korean Church lies in the fact that the plan. I would memorize a verse, and Bible is their daily food. The Chris- then find a heathen neighbor and practians read it day and night and are tise the verse on him. Then I found among the greatest Bible lovers in the it would stick." world. They take it with them wherever they go, women and children The Koreans are preeminently a carrying theirs in a cloth tied about literary people. Their native script or the waist. Large portions of the Un-Mun, is the simplest in the world. Bible are committed to memory by old It was invented in the fifteenth cenand young; Children often memorize tury, but was little used and was several thousand verses in a year, and looked upon with contempt because so are not satisfied until they can repeat easy that "even a woman could learn the whole of the N~w Testament. it in a month." But after four hun- The people also put into practise dred years this despised script became THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION AT SEOUL" KOREA

KOREA-THE LAND OF

the instrument prepared by God for tells a wonderful story of six Korean reaching these people through His leaders whom the old Emperor had word and Christian literature. In locked in his criminal prison because China and India the vast majority of he feared they wanted to introduce rethe people can not read, but in Korea form along western lines. They were reading is almost universal. Even put in without trial, made to work hard, suffered from cold, ill treatment, THE CENTRAL PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. SEOUL vermin and filth, and were in constant fear of execution. They had proud From this sevel-al othe r churches have sprung. blood in their veins and a deadly de- sire for vengeance in their hearts. those who have had no education and "They hoped for escape, for the ophave passed middle age, when they be- portune moment, the keen knife and come Christians, can learn to read the squaring of accounts, when all their Bibles in a few weeks. unexpectedly there came into their midst the New Testament, Bunyan's The customs and stories of the "Pilgrim's Progress" and some of D. Bible appeal to the Korean as to the L. Moody's tracts in Chinese. Their people of almost no other country out- prison was visited regularly by Dr. side of Palestine. Many of their hab- and Mrs. A. D. Bunker and became its and customs, beliefs concerning first an inquiry room, then a house of demons and the sacrifice for sin, are prayer, then a chapel for religious similar to those of the Bible. Thus exercises, then a theological hall, and the Bible is a living, up-to-date book when the course was completed, God with them and speaks to them concerning temptations and problems of A l'ENG YANG WOMAN 'S HAT the daily life. They believe it without a question. let them all out of prison and set them to work. With their high social Dr. Gale believes that Koreans standing and superior training they make fervent, whole-hearted Chris- became the first Christian leaders of tians because the testing quantity has entered so deeply into the work. As a rule, those who come into the Church without passing through trial are of no use and are often a hindrance rather than a help.

In "Korea in Transition," Dr. Gale

the Capitol, one went to America and the Bible study classes which are held took a post-graduate course at Har- each year at different centers all over vard, one is a consistent Christian in Korea. These are similar to the North government service, one is director of field and Keswick conferences only religious work in Seoul Y. M. C. A., that the whole of the two weeks or one is general secretary of a native month is devoted exclusively to the branch of the Y. M. C. A., one is an close study of the Bible. Three ses- elder in a Presbyterian Church in sions are held each day and often over Seoul, and one has charge of the relig- one thousand are in attendance. Many ious work among the Korean students have walked one hundred miles or in Tokyo." more, carrying their supply of rice on Believers are not admitted into full their backs, and paying all their own fellowship until they have been tested expenses, in addition a small sum for and taught and their lives watched for the expenses of the conference. At a year after they have confest the large centers these classes are Christ. Then, if they are living con- taught by the missionaries and compe- sistent lives, attending the regular tent Korean pastors. Then the stu- church and Bible school services, and dents from this conference go to hold are seeking to win others to Christ, similar classes in the smaller towns.

at the end of the year they are bap- It is in these classes that Christians tized and admitted into the church. are trained and developed to become No wonder the Church grows, when evangelists, colporteurs and Bible every convert becomes a soul-winner, women. Here, too, was started the often making it his chief business. purely original Korean movement for From lip to lip and heart to heart the subscription of days of preaching goes the message, so that when a mis- when they volunteered to go from sionary goes to a village for the first house to house in the surrounding vil- time, he often finds there a group of lages and proclaim the Gospel. Last Christians who have been led to Christ year Over 100,000 Koreans met in through the efforts of some converted these classes to spend from two weeks brother. From the first the converts to a month to Bible study. At one have been made to feel that the spread such meeting in Peng Yang a total of of the Gospel depends upon them sixty years of evangelistic work was rather than upon the missionary. They pledged in days and weeks by those have a high conception of the duties present!

and responsibilities of church-member- What Dr. Samuel Moffett and the ship, and they realize that such a mem- other missionaries feel to be the bership is a benefit to themselves and greatest need of now is money to build not a favor to the missionary. Bible training schools, which can be The Korean Churches are almost open all the year for students who entirely self-supporting, and the evan- wish to train as evangelists, teachers gelistic work is carried on by the and Bible women. Dr. Moffett the Koreans themselves, but there is an pioneer missionary in Peng Yang insatiable desire for Bible study. All said : "We need $20,000 now for this the missionaries unite in saying that great work." Think of what six or the corner-stone of the work lies in eight such Bible schools would mean

K OREAN WOMEN WHO WALKED OVER ONE llUNDRED MILES TO ATTEND A WEEK 0" BIBLE STUDY to the future of Korea. It is a golden Moffett wrote: "Our program for opportunity for investment; shall we let it pass? The present condition women's classes in P engYang runs will not be permanent. As Dr. Gale says, "Men and money are needed from February 10th to June 15th. . It .NOW.'I will be a busy time and a very ha~py Two years ago there were over one, for there is great joy in teaching 2 ,500 men and over 2,400 women enrolled in the Bible training classes in people who are hungry to know the Syen Chun alone. Young women trained as Bible ., teachers are greatly Word of God. Do tell some earnest needed in all p(j.rts of Korea to conduct Bible study classes and to do young women in America what a wide evangelistic work in the villages. The people are hungry for the Gospel and field is open for Bible work among the the missionary is a welcome messenger.- -· ·· women of Korea. We ' need eight As we were leaving Korea, Mrs. such workers in the stations here.'1 To remain in Korea and to help in this work would be the greatest joy and privilege of my life. .

Mrs. Miller, the superintendent of the Girls' Academy in Seoul, also wrote: "The Men's study classes..be- gin next week (February 1st), and

are to be followed by the big class of have a hundred more invitations than women and that is to be followed by we can accept. I could keep six misa special workers' class to train some sionaries busy all the time in this dispicked women in a certain course of trict and then have work for more. study. These women will go imme- Korea can be won for Christ in this diately into the country churches to generation. If the church will give give these lessons to the women there. what we need and will strongly rein- The ladies in Peng Yang want me to force the work in the next ten years, come there to help in their classes for this old heathen nation will line up a little while, and the Chai Ryung mis- with the other Christian nations of sionaries want me to help there in the world. It must be done quickly. March. If only I could be in three Our opportunity is rapidly passing places at once " away."

"We are prest on every side by Now is the time to invest money young men and women who want us and life in Korea so as to receive one to teach them about Christ," writes hundredfold return. Lay up treasure E. M. Cable, another missionary. "We in Heaven. "Do IT NOW."

A MARKET DAY IN PENG YANG

A TRAVELER-'S SUNDAy AT PENG YANG, KOREA >I<

BY E. G. KEMP Sunday is a busy day for missionary the little children covered their eyes workers at Peng Yang, as the rapid with their hands during prayer. From growth of the work and the need for below stairs came the lusty tones of consolidation by constant instruction, children singing "Hold the Fort,"

taxes the resources even of the large there we found a Sunday-school in staff of foreign and native helpers. progress, the classes sitting in circles In many cases, even before the build- on the floor, each with a girl teacher ing of a church is completed, the con- in the center. The children have been gregation has outgrown it, and from less cared for than the adults hitherto, one church alone (the central one at but they look most attractive and win- Peng Yang) no less than thirty-nine ning, and greater efforts are now be- others have "swarmed" merely for ing made to provide for their instruc- lack of space-not from any discord. tion.

Thirty-five of these churches are in the We next visited the Central Church, district around the town, four others where the men had just finished their are in the town itself; the youngest morning session of Bible instruction of them already has a membership of (9- IO :30) , and the women were 561. This is the result of sixteen rapidly gathering. Nowhere could years of work, for the missionaries there be found a more attractive sight settled there in r894, and the first con- than the hundreds of white clad vert was baptized that year. women, carrying their books wrapt in We started out about ten o'clock to a cloth tied round their waists in make a round of some of the places of front, or their children tied on behind, worship. The first visited was a the little ones drest in every color of women's institute, where we found a the rainbow. The service is much like large upper room filled with about Sunday-school at home. After the soo women and nearly as many babies opening hymn and prayers, the women and little children. At the door of the are divided into classes, and the older Korean churches and schools the first children, like a gay group of butter- thing noticed is the shoe-stand, where flies, are gathered at the back of the each comer deposits shoes before en- church to be taught separately. Some tering. The floors are covered with of the girls had hats which take up matting, and everyone sits cross- space, as they are much larger than legged: the babies are noisy, but their umbrellas, and are carried by both crying is not nearly so sharp as that hands, extending over the head in of Europeans, tho sufficiently disturb- front and to the knees behind. These ing to any ordinary speaker. At the are peculiar to this district and are harmonium a sweet-faced Korean girl used not so l11uch for protection from sat, whose playing was very superior the sun or rain as from the vulgar to the singing. What it lacked in gaze of man. These hats have to be harmony, however, was atoned for by left outside the church with the shoes.

its earnestness, and in all the services Some of the young women of the the reverent attention of the whole wealthier classes look quite charming audience was most ;mpressive; even in their nun-like coifs, and drest from … Condensed from a chapter in "The Face of Manchuria, Korea and Russian Turkestan," Duffield & Company, New York.

head to foot in dazzling white silk, The venerable pastor, Kil Moksa, with smart little sleeveless coats lined is a Korean of solid character, who with white fur; the fur also forms has done much to lessen the evils ina border all round the coat and out- cident to the coming of the Japanese. lines the armholes. Seeing the utter hopelessness of resist- ance, he persuaded the people neither Womankind in Korea suffers from to flee nor to resist, so that the blooda strange lack-the absence of names. shed which took place in the south of A woman may possess a pet name, the country was avoided in the north. otherwise she has none; frequently she His influence is not only powerful does not even know her husband's but wide-spread, and it is sad to see name. If she becomes a Christian and the curtailing of his work owing to receives baptism she acquires a name, increasing blindness. He was origiand this must give her quite a new nally an ardent Confucian, and not sense of dignity. The Korean woman content with a passive faith he prachas not been considered of much value tised rigorous austerities in order to in the past, but she is awakening obtain peace of mind. In describing (under Christian influences) to a this time, Kil Moksa said: sense of responsibility, and she takes her share in the work of evangeliza- "I was trying to put away every tion among her people. There had thought of worldly advancement and been a fortnight's Bible study for every filthy or unclean impulse, for women just before our arrival at I knew right and wrong then just as Peng Yang, attended by over 500, well as I do now. I endeavored to many of whom had come long dis- keep my mind pure by concentrating tances on foot. Some had traveled upon the idea of a full moon in my no less than seventy miles on foot, stomach. Thus I endeavored to shut carrying their supply of food with out the world and secure a view of them. They were lodged by the Chris- spiritual truth. I wanted a vision of tians in the city without charge, and some spiritual being, but all the time, after earnest study they set out on in spite of my efforts, my mind was their long homeward journey. There filled with thoughts I would fain have is also a special Bible school for a dismissed I could not get the victory. fortnight for those women who wish At the end of my stay on the mountain to become teachers or Bible women, side, when I went to the homes of my many of whom are supported by the friends, I was filled with disgust benative church. The Women's Mis- cause their conversations was all about sionary Society of the Central Church worldly advancement or interspersed has supported two missionaries for with filthy stories." some years. When Kil Moksa became a Chris- The morning school in the central tian he was equally filled with this paschurch numbered five or six hundred, sionate desire for righteousness, not so that when both men and women for himself only, but for his people. come in the afternoon to a united When his people seemed to be growservice of worship the church is full ing careless, he started a daily prayer- meeting at four o'clock in the mornto overflowing: it holds 1,500 to ing, and this was soon attended by 1,700.

A TRAVELER'S SUNDAY AT PENG YANG, KOREA

six or seven hundred people, with the Yang; it was a notoriously bad city. result that a great revival took place, The students at present number 126, and his people promised to spend over and the missions represented are the 3,000 days in trying to win others to American Presbyterian (North and a knowledge of Christ. South), the Australian Presbyterian, and the Canadian Presbyterian. The We next visited the Union Theo- college is a modest and unpretentious logical Seminary, vacated by the stu- building in native style, and it is dents on Sunday and used as a church. proposed to build dormitories round Here we found numbers of men all the compound as soon as the ground seated on the floor with the teacher in has been leveled. the center. The bulk of the teaching and preaching in Korea is done by The Presbyterian missions have natives, and every church has a native adopted a policy to encourage the pastor. The foreign missionary acts Koreans to rely upon their own efforts as superintendent of groups of for support, to build their own churches (sometimes as many as fifty churches in native style, and to underor sixty) extending over a large area take the work of evangelization at of the province. The college students their own expense. The offerings of were all busy on Sunday either preach- the Korean Church (that is, of all ing or itinerating in town and country, the missions) is said to be already and in order to facilitate this arrange- £25,000 ($125,000) per annum, and ment they have no classes on Saturday the number of converts is over 200,- afternoon or Monday morning. They 000; not a bad result to show for only remain at college only three months in twenty-five years of missionary work. the year, and spend the remaining nine in practical work. Their course extends The American Methodist Episcopal over five years, and by this arrange- Mission does not expect as much from ment the four missions which it repre- the native church as do the Presbysents are able to supply the requisite terians, and they keep the pastorate number of teachers from their or- and general control to a greater extent dinary staff of workers; these teachers in their own hands. They have larger can be spared from their work for funds at their disposal, and do not rethree months in the year, tho it is only quire the village communities to build in cases of special qualification that their own churches, whereas the the same man is sent three years in Presbyterians only help them with a succession. The head of the college loan, which is repaid in two years. is, of course, a permanent official, and Even the primary schools are entirely lives at Peng Yang. This is Dr. supported by the Koreans. The Moffett, who was stoned out of Peng Methodist Episcopal Mission has ini- Yang when he first came; he fre- tiated work among the blind, and it quently used to hear the remark as has a promising school of blind girls, he passed along the streets on those who are already preparing text-books early days, "Look at this black rascal! in Braille with a view to the opening Why did he come here? Let us kill of other schools for the blind. The him." Nowhere was the opposition to Presbyterians have also started a class Christianity fiercer than at Peng for blind boys, but it is more difficult to know what to teach them as a

means of livelihood than it is in the two schoolgirls may be mentioned as case of girls. They have begun to having learned by heart the whole of prepare a New Testament in Braille the New Testament, with the exceptype, but it will require a great deal tion of St. Matthew's Gospel, in the of revision; the British and Foreign course of a year. Yet less than thirty Bible Society has promised to print it years ago it was prohibited to sell as soon as it is ready, at cost price. the Bible in the "Hermit Kingdom," The lot of the blind in Korea is a sad as Korea has justly been called, and one; their sole means of earning a liv- it was only possible to do so by having is by practising sorcery. ing the Gospels done up in bundles, unbound, and distributed through In conclusion, I must add a word as the country by the natives. To them to the character of the native Chris- is mainly due the introduction of tians in Peng Yang, and equally ap- Christianity into Korea. plicable to all of the Korean Church. It is not only remarkable to see the Another striking feature of the number of Christians, but still more so Korean church is the importance they to see their character. One of the ablest attach to prayer, and their implicit speakers at the Edinburgh Con- belief in its efficacy. Where else in ference was the Hon. T. H. Yun, of the world is to be found a weekly Songdo, formerly Minister of Educa- prayer-meeting which habitually numtion, and leader of the native Church; bers thirteen or fourteen hundred? a man of culture and refinement, of Yet such is the case at the Central whom any country might well be Church at Peng Yang. The early proud. He spoke of the danger due morning prayer-meeting can not find to the extraordinarily rapid growth of a parallel, I think, in any of our home the Church, yet nevertheless urged the churches. desirability of trusting it with enlarged responsibilities. As far as my No less important is the characexperience goes this has been done in teristic of generosity both in the mat- ter of money and labor. In some Korea to a greater extent than any- churches they are hardly willing to where else in the many mission fields admit anyone as a member who has that I have visited. The Christians not already won at least one convert have shown such a keen desire for in- to Christianity. A form of contribustruction, together with such an apti- tion was started by which people tude for learning, that they are much promise to give a day's work during more capable of self-government, and a certain specified time. Last year of forming a national church, than there were over 67,000 days (or about would be conceived possible by those 200 years) promised throughout the who have not seen this wonderful country. It is hardly necessary to give people. They have devoted them- further details as to the generosity of selves with extraordinary ardor to the Koreans with regard to money the study of the Bible. The member- but I must point out that the majority ship of a great Bible class at Syen of the Korean Christians are ex- Chun is over thirteen hundred, and tremely poor, and great self-sacrifice the Bible is the most read book in is involved in the amount of work Korea to-day. The people memorize which they support, as well as by it apparently as well as do the Chinese; what they do personally.

HE LUCKNOW CONFERENCE ON MISSIONS TO

BY REV. STEPHEN VAN RENSSELAER TROWBRIDGE Missionary of the American Board at Aintab, Turkey.

Lucknow, the place of meeting for missionaries themselves for a large the second general conference on the number of books on the Koran and evangelization of the Mohammedan Islam were ordered from the Chris- world, is so centrally located that mis- tian Literature Society of Madras.

sions in all parts of the Indian Empire The program was strong and com- were well represented and other prehensive and Dr. S. M. Zwemer, the delegates from China, Persia, Arabia, chairman, carried it through in a tact- the Sudan, Egypt and Turkey ful and masterly way. At the close traveled thither by caravan, wagon, of almost every address he gave time train and steamship. Dr. Cornelius for prayer, thanksgiving, intercession, Patton had come from Boston by way confession, and the silent prayer which of Turkey, and Chancellor Mac- carried up to the throne of God the Cracken journeyed from New York deepest impulses and the most intense by way of the Philippines. It was petitions. The conference was thus regretted that no delegates were able profoundly marked by the spirit of to come from Java, Sumatra, Russia prayer.

or Central Africa. The main divisions of the program The presence of Archdeacon Ihsan were Pan-Islam, Political Changes in UlIah, Canon Ali Bakhsh, Rev. the Moslem World, Government At- Ahmed Shah and several other dis- titudes toward Missions, Islam among tinguished converts from Islam was Pagan Races, the Training of Mis- an inspiration, and their share in the sionaries, Literature for Workers and discussions of the conference threw Moslem Readers, Doctrinal and So- light on many difficult questions. cial Reforms, Reform Movements These men united in urging the mis- among Moslem Women, Mission work sionaries to rely upon methods of among the Women, and Practical kindness and good-will in seeking to Conclusions. A full report is to be win Moslems rather than to depend issued in two volumes.

upon learning and controversy. Two Dr. Zwemer's opening address, "A of these converts supported the posi- Survey of the Moslem W orId," was tion from their own experiences. remarkable for its force and for its One valuable part of the conference wide vision. This address closed with was an exhibit of books, leaflets, an appeal to Gpd to accomplish the newspapers, photographs and Moham- task which "with all there is of en- medan emblems gathered from all couragement to our faith, remains, big over Asia, Africa and the East Indies and baffling."

by Rev. William Goldsack. The pub- The extent and vitality of the Pan- lications included many books in Urdu Islamic movement were emphasized from the Punjab which are used in by papers representing Turkey, Africa the propagation of Islam. Another and Malaysia. Professor Crawford's manuscript shown was in Arabic, and graphic account of the recent political is circulated in China. One definite changes in the Ottoman Empire was result of the conference will thus be of special interest because it brought an increase of intelligence among the to view the underlying causes leading

to the revolution of 1908, and because people and are often controlled from it appealed for a sympathetic approach a 6"reat distance, but religious reform on the part of all Christian workers. movements spring from the hearts and Rev. James Adrian, of the Celebes, millds of the people, and represent gave a detailed account of how Mos- much more truly that with which the lems secure a foothold and gain pres- missionaries have to deal. The two tige among pagan races. papers, written by Canon Weitbrecht The two reports from China modi- and Dr. John Giffen, were of the fied the estimate made at the Cairo highest value. The discussions turned Conference regarding the extent of chiefly upon reform movements in Islam in China, and portrayed the India, and the question as to whether neglected condition and the spiritual Islam is losing its hold upon the destitution of the ten million Moslems students who profess that faith. Dr.

in that empire. Wherry, who at many points through- Miss Jennie von Mayer's account of out the conference gave the delegates th~ activities of the Orthodox Greek the benefit of his sound judgment, ex- Church Missions throughout the prest his conviction that missionaries Volga districts, Central Asia and should feel no anxiety about Moham- Siberia was of the highest value be- medan reforms because such move- cause written out of personal ex- ments are in reality away from Islam.

perience and covering a vast Moslem Work among Moslem women was area scarcely touched upon at the discust by Miss de Selincourt who Cairo Conference. laid stress upon what she so aptly Rev. C. G. Mylrea closed an able termed "the ministry of friendship."

paper upon the missionaries' course of Miss Holliday described the share study upon the field by advocating which Persian women have taken in a training school for teaching the the rapid changes of the past three Arabic languages and Koranic sub- years, and she narrated many in- jects, to be established at Cairo. This stances of gospel work in Tabriz.

plan was later incorporated in the Dr. Patrick's paper described with a final resolutions of the conference. fine sense of Turkish history the legal The papers on literature will be status of the Moslem woman, and valuable for future reference. It was gathered up the noteworthy achieve- difficult to grasp their full significance ments of Turkish women in arts and from hearing them rapidly read. letters. To many of the delegates the Much has been published in Urdu most stirring paper of the Conference and there is a growing literature in was Miss Lillian Tratter's appeal for Arabic; but many books are too thE' production of attractive literature sharply controversial. There are very for Mohammedan children. Written fe," publications in Turkish, Javanese, in Algiers on the last evening of Russian and Chinese. Ramadan, the whole paper breathed The subject of reform movements out the deepest emotion and sympathy.

should have occupied a whole day and A hush fell upon the conference room should have taken up the various as all hearts were touched by the countries one by one. Governments writer's exquisite style and still more are more or less imposed upon the by her depth of feeling.

ASPECTS OF THE MOHAMMEDAN

The same day the Rt. Rev. Bishop that a commission of two missionaries Lefroy, of Lahore, brought before the be sent across Africa to secure before conference a series of resolutions pre- the next conference the fullest inforpared with the utmost care and after mation regarding the activities and much prayer by a special Reference extent of Islam in that continent. Committee. Everyone was passed Cairo, with London as alternative, unanimously. This is the more re- was chosen as the place of meeting markable when one realizes that in 1916. throughout the conference widely differing convictions had been ex- Bishop Lefroy's address on Saturprest upon many vital issues. The day afternoon, following a paper preneed which was emphasized above all pared by Dr. Robert E. Speer, took others was the speeedy advance of into consideration both sides of Christianity throughout the Sudan and several essential questions, and consti- Central Africa, making a cordon of tuted a strong plea for appreciation of stations from Uganda to Nigeria in upright government officials, for fair order to stem the advancing tide of judgment in forming opinions of Islam among the pagan tribes. It Mohammed and his prophetship, for was declared to be the firm convic- the sympathetic "ministry of friendtion of the conference that the ac- ship" in dealing with Moslems, for the ceptance of Islam by the animistic possibilities of service for those mistribes is not an aid to their ultimate sionaries of no specialized preparation acceptance of Christianity, but exactly as well as for those of high training the reverse. The resolutions advocated and linguistic ability. He urged direct a close relationship with the Con- evangelistic work in such places as the tinuation Committee of the Edinburgh Indian markets, and he invited all to Conference, especially in the matter of unite in prevailing prayer that the work influencing governments to guarantee done may be of God and to the glory religious liberty and to maintain a true of His Son, our Savior, Jesus Christ. neutrality. A proposal was also made Encouragement and inspiration has come to all workers for Moslems.

PRESENT ASPECTS OF THE MOHAMMEDAN PROBLEM * BY REV. CHARLES R. WATSON Consider first the movements of given as to the significance of the Islam itself, and then look at the de- Revolution of 1908. There are those velopments in the Christian missionary who believe that a great debacle is inworld which bear a direct relation to evitable, and that Turkey is a doomed Islam. empire. Others are bold to believe that an empire that did not disinte~ Events in the Moslem World grate under an inefficient and tyran- nical and despotic regime, may well Events at Islam's political center, hope to hold together under a more on the Bosphorus, claim first con- liberal, humane and enlightened sideration. The new regime is ever regime. It is of the utmost interest the object of the most careful study and new verdicts are constantly being * From a report of the committee at the Foreign Missions Conference of North America.

from a religious point of view that men to Europe for study in non- the Sheik-ul-Islam has issued to the Moslem schools, because of the way in Moslems of Turkey, a statement en- which these schools loosen the hold of deavoring to prove to them from the the Mohammedan religion upon the writings of Mohammed and others, lives of these students.

that constitutional government is not Looking northward to Russia, Islam contrary to the teachings of the is either developing at an alarming Koran and that the equality of Mos- rate or else its actual power is becom- lems, Jews, and Christians, before the ing more manifest. A most able law, is good Mohammedanism. It is article by Mrs. Sophy Bobrovnikoff in said that the French Government has The Maslem Warld shows that there regarded this utterance as so signi- are from I7,000,000 to 20,000,000 ficant that it has ordered it translated Moslems in Russia, and that this body into all languages of the Moslem terri- of Moslems possesses a unity and a torities, subject to France, and pur- political influence and a missionary poses to give it wide distribution. zeal which are almost entirely un- Among the marked and continued checked by any Christian missionary results of the new regime in Turkey effort, and are rather advanced by are, on the one hand, allowance of certain governmental policies. Recently greater freedom of speech and action the Emir of Bokhara visited St.

to missionaries and to Turkish sub- Petersburg. The reception accorded jects, and, on the other, the effort him is reported to have been that due to rehabilitate Islam. The Moham- to a royal personage rather than that medans of Turkey are not only rous- due to a vassal. During the Emir's ing themselves to the importance of visit the corner-stone of the first modern education, but to the fact that mosque in St. Petersburg was laid in education is not simply to train the the presence of the highest Russian mind, but has for its object the dignitaries. The Emir occupied the development of character. In the place of honor and the highest prospectus of a Mohammedan college Mohammedan priest of St. Peters- contemplated in Constantinople, the burg, the aged Achun Bajasitow, made statement is repeatedly made that the the chief address, referring to the purpose of the college is to develop Czar as the protector of the followers and train character as well as to give of Mohammed.

an education. There is also a general In Persia, conditions have remained sense of the necessity of resisting in much the same during the past year some concerted way the Christian in- so far as Islamic tendencies are con- fluences that are pouring into the em- cerned, while political unrest and in- pire. There is an alarm at the in- security of government have gone fluence of Christian educational insti- from bad to worse, all but inviting tutions upon Mohammedan youth. In British and Russian intervention, pos- the Moslem papers in Turkey, there sibly even the partition of Persia!

appear frequent articles by leading In Arabia, the religious center of Mohammedans protesting against Islam, there have been reactionary sending their children to Christian tendencies and anti-Turkish move- schools or the sending of their young ments. These, however, are rather

limited to the Meccan sphere of in- voluntarily withdrew the publication fluence. Along the coast, especially for a while. It is too early to report along the Persian Gulf, the influence upon the Pan-Moslem Congress adof the new regime at Constantinople vertised to meet in Cairo, in February is felt. of this year. It is in charge of a com- mittee under the presidency of the In Egypt, the educational center of chancellor of the Azhar University. Islam, the Nationalist party has continued to fulminate against the British In Abyssinia, where a nominal occupation, and raises the cry "Egypt Christianity, characterized'by desperate for the Egyptians." The assassina- ignorance and formality, possesses tion of the Prime Minister, Butros little resisting power, Islam is reported Pasha, an Egyptian but a Christian as advancing with great rapidity. (Copt), and the subsequent endorse- Only one-third of the Maensa tribe ment of this dastardly deed by the and half of the Bogos people are said Moslem press shows that the real to stilI adhere to the ancient national meaning of this rallying cry is faith. "Egypt for the Moslems." In northern equatorial Africa, the It was a strange commentary upon steady opening up of the country by the true genius of Islam that the trade is robbing pagan tribes of the se- Mufti, the highest authority on curity of their isolation and bringing Moslem law in Egypt, refused to con- them under the captivating influences cur in the execution of the assassin, of Islam. So serious is this advance of first, because the murder was com- Islam, not merely from a religious mitted with a pistol and the Koran point of view but from a political provides no penalty for the improper point of view, that at the National use of such a weapon; secondly, be- Colonial Conference, held at Berlin, cause the party murdered was a Chris- October 6th to 8th, 1910, representatian and therefore no crime was com- tives of the Government joined with mitted worthy of death; and, thirdly, missionaries in pointing out the danbecause the Government and not the ger, and emphasizing the necessity for relatives of the murdered man brought checking this tide of Islamic influence. the charge, and therefore there had been no real complaint(!) Con- In China, Moslems seem to have siderable political excitement has pre- abandoned any aggressive propaganda vailed in Egypt during the past year. of their faith and seem quiescent, but The wholesome rebuke administered there are evidences of efforts being by Mr. Roosevelt to a spirit of put forth from without, to press upon nationalism which would approve of the Far East the claims of Islam. murder was not relished by the Nine provinces of China report recent Nationalists. During the summer, visits of Moslem foreigners, speaking Moslem fanaticism made a rather bold Arabic or Turkish, whose aims are criticism of Islam and the Prophet evidently mIssIonary, and some which appeared in a missionary paper, Chinese students in Tokio have edited the occasion for demanding the sup- a Chinese Moslem quarterly entitled, pression of the publication. To allay M aslems, Awake! public excitement the missionaries This hurried survey of Moslem events would be inexcusably incom-

plete if it did not refer to the great crisis of opportunity and peril which stretches of Moslem territory which exists in Equatorial Africa, and which have no means of voicing their needs Commission I regarded as of such and of recording their events. These paramount importance, and which are fields unoccupied by any missions, must be met within the next decade unvisited by Western travelers, shut if it is to be met at all, apparently is up to silence and despair. Such are not engaging the serious and adequate Afghanistan, the heart of Arabia, and attention of the missionary agencies great stretches of Africa. The WorId of Christendom, partly because these Missionary Conference at Edinburgh agencies feel burdened with other re- called attention to these terntories, and sponsibilities, and partly because they if we allow the events of other sections have, for the most part, no work in of the Moslem world to voice their the territories in which this critical appeal to the Christian Church, it situation exists. A remarkable jour- behooves us to permit the silences of ney accomplished by Dr. Karl Kumm these unknown lands to make an even from Nigeria to the White Nile, along more pathetic appeal to our hearts. the border lines of Moslem Africa Missionary Eventa Among MOllema and Pagan Africa brings fresh testi- The most important event of the mony as to the urgency for action.

past year in its bearing upon mis- The Report of Commission IV, on sions to Moslems, as indeed in its "The Missionary Message," dealt in a bearing upon all missions, is the most sympathetic and discriminating W orId Missionary Conference of way with the problem of Islam. Its Edinburgh. The reports of three weakness and limitations were pointed Commissions bore especially upon the out without compromise. Then the Moslem problem. Report set forth in a very masterly Commission I, on "Carrying the way the character of the impact which Gospel to all the non-Christian Christianity makes upon the Moslem.

WorId," portrayed with great clear- This was done on the basis of a great ness the opportunities, the needs and mass of testimony from both converts the perils of the Moslem situation. and missionaries, so that everywhere After having surveyed the entire the treatment possesses the note of world, this Commission undertook to reality, and will be an invaluable guide point out the moves which might to Christian workers for the presen- prove most strategic for the realiza- tation of the Christian message to tion of the ideal of world evangeliza- Moslems.

tion, and recommended that, second Commission V dealt with the "Prep- and fourth in order of importance and aration of the Missionary." Here a urgency, among the "fields on which strong emphasis was laid upon the the Church as a whole should concen- necessity for a thorough study of the trate attention and effort," were the non-Christian religion with which the sections of Africa threatened by Islam, missionary must deal and for adequate and the Moslem world in which such provision being made, at all costs, remarkable changes have been taking to enable the missionary to master the place. language of his mission field. None It is a most pathetic fact that the more than those who deal with mis-

ASSIUT TRAINING

sions to Moslems will appreciate the Episcopal Board formally opened a importance of these two findings. It mission at Algiers with a superin- is worth noting that there are two tendent and a force of eighteen centers from which agitation is now workers, speaking seven languages.

going forth for the practical realiza- This is the first attempt which this tion of these ideals for the training of Church has ever made to work among missionaries to Moslems. The one is exclusively Mohammedan popula- from Potsdam, Germany, where two tions.

Turco-Bulgarian sheiks, recently con- Reports from missions along the verted to Christianity, form the Persian Gulf are full of encourage- nucleus of a training school for mis- ment. The new regime at Constan- sionaries to Moslems. The other cen- tinople has reacted in allowing un- ter is Cairo, Egypt, where it has been usual freedom to missions even in this proposed that a training school for distant section of the Turkish Empire.

missionaries be established. A more favorable attitude toward Leaving the Edinburgh Conference, Christianity is observable among the year 19IO may, in general, be Moslems of this region.

characterized as a year of unusual suc- In Egypt, there was held, this past cess in missionary work among Mos- summer, the Second Conference of lems. "We have never," writes the Converts from Islam. For three days secretary of one of the Boards con- and four nights some fifty converts ducting large operations in Moslem from Islam met for prayer, conference territory, "had so many Mohamme- and fellowship. An account of this dans in our schools as at the present conference by one who was present time and the tendency is to increase. and which is full of interest is given in There has never been a time when the January number of The Moslem Mohammedans have been so accessi- Warld, the new publication which ble, were so ready to talk about relig- promises to serve as a much-needed ious matters, or seemed so willing to and most effective agency for binding talk in a reasonable way as at the together in sympathy, thought and present time." service those who have the Moslem On April I, 19IO, the Methodist problem at heart.

THE ASSIUT TRAINING COLLEGE A STRATEGIC POINT IN THE CHRISTIAN CONQUEST OF NORTH AFRICA BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., EDITOR OF "THE MOSLEM WORLD"

A letter from a friend recently ex- that there were great institutions for prest surprize that there was so much the education and uplift of the people to be seen in Egypt in addition to carried on by the American missionthe ancient monuments. On a trip to aries I Those who desire to know Cairo and up the Nile this traveler something of the real present-day had learned a great deal about Egypt and of the Egypt-that-is-to-be the ancient civilization, Mohammedan must leave the regular routes of sightarchitecture, and the every-day life of seeing tourists and visit some of the the people, but was surprized to learn modern monuments which are in the

process of building; monuments of chapel, all of them desirous to become trammg, education and Christian preachers in Egypt and the Sudan, I character more durable than the felt that they were a chosen band inpyramids because they are being built deed and would make good. Many for eternity. of the students are very poor and are denying themselves greatly in order to On my way to Arabia it was my obtain an education. The college reprivilege to catch a glimpse of Assiut ceives no student unless he pays in Training College, which was charac- cash or in food $16 per year. This terized by John R. Matt in his book means a great deal in a land like "Strategic Points in World Conquest" Egypt. as one of the most strategic, most efficient and most fruitful institutions In the last annual report of the in the world. I can corroborate his American Mission we are told: "The characterization. Whether one con- full fees amount, at the lowest table, siders the location of this splendid to $40 per year; the balance the stucollege, its equipment and curriculum, dent must work out for himself the character of the work done, or the through the college bureau of selfever-widening circle of its graduates, help. At the beginning of this session the impression remains that here is a a boy about sixteen years old, who piece of missionary work of permanent had reached the third year preparapower and value. The present num- tory, a good student, and a pleasant, ber of students is six hundred and promising boy, found himself unable twenty; the staff of teachers numbers to pay the $16 per year. On investitwenty-seven, and out of two hundred gation it appeared that the boy is an and forty-five graduates from the col- orphan. His parents had left him four legiate department, over a hundred acres of land-their entire estate. have entered the Christian ministry. On his entering college, three years The splendid buildings are the result ago, he had sold his four acres, and of long patience in waiting, earnest with the proceeds he had been clothprayer, and tactful persistence in se- ing himself, providing his books, paycuring the needed funds. They were ing the college minimum, and working finished in 1909 at a loss of over in the dining-room so as to provide the balance. But his small fortune had $100,000. become exhausted, and he had noth- ing with which to pay the $16. A It was an inspiration to stand in the friend, a neighbor, was willing to commodious chapel on Sunday morn- provide his books and clothing. He ing, October 2d, and speak to the came asking, 'What shall I do? Give future leaders of Egypt on the "Cost me more work. I will do anything to of Spiritual Leadership," and the pos- earn my school expenses, and in sumsibility of leading Egypt away from mer work for my clothes and books. the past into a future of righteousness If you can not do anything for me I and liberty through Jesus Christ. I must go back to the fields as a day have never addrest an audience of col- laborer, and forever give up the hope lege men representing more of self- of further education.' The college denial and perseverance, and when I could not provide him more work, for spoke to the volunteers, fifty-one of whom were present after the morning

the applicants for help were far be- ment standards. The great prosperity yond the needs of the college for of Egypt in recent years, agriculstudent employment. But we could turally and financially, has given a not send him away-we gathered the new impetus to education, and the minimum by private arrangement." standard of requirement for govern- ment positions has been raised, yet the Men with such spirit equipped with curriculum in all the government a modern Christian education will be- schools is narrow and one-sided, procome the real leaders of the new ducing men who are fit only for clerk- Egypt, and it is because of the superior ship and government employment, moral and religious training which without higher ambitions for real Assiut College affords that the better- spiritual or intellectual leadership. class Copts, and even Moslems, all the It is this great need which is supplied way from Alexandria to Khartum, by Assiut Training College. The are sending their sons thither. Dur- Arabic courses given are thorough, ing one year (1908-09) eighty stu- and include both the so-called dents were led to Jesus Christ and THE NEW BUILDINGS OF THE ASSIUT TRAINING COLLEGE enrolled as church-members; the roll "primary" and "secondary" instrucof the college church now contains tion. A sheik educated at the Azhar, 330 names, .and the Young Men's together with a trained Arabic pro- Christian Association 124 members-a fessor, are in charge of this departstriking contrast to the comparative ment. History and science courses, figures in some American colleges as well as those in mathematics, are where the Church takes second place taught in English and Arabic, and the to the Christian Association. In the teaching in English is acknowledged Sabbath-school of the college, con- to be the best of any school in Egypt. sisting of the students and the women One has only to compare the atmosand girls from Presly Institute, a phere and the curriculum of the great sister institution, there is an average EI Azhar University in Cairo, which attendance of over 700 and the contri- receives so much free advertisement butions of the college church and from tourists, with those of this Sabbath-school in one year amounted modest institution far up the Nile, to to over $900 which was devoted to realize that Islam will not hold its own work in Egypt and the Sudan. even in Egypt. The future is with Christ and with His Church, and The curriculum of the college while the fanatic struggle between measures up to the highest govern-

rival parties of progress and stagna- to the Christianization of National tion is going on in Cairo whenever it is proposed to change the course of Life" at the Edinburgh Conference: study in the Moslem university, the American college is forging ahead on "There are in Egypt two systems of modern lines and winning its way in education apart from the schools the hearts of the people. maintained by Christian missionary bodies. The one is the professional The college is only at the beginning Islamic system, culminating in the colof its influence, because education in lege of El Azhar in Cairo. There are Egypt is still in its infancy. Only a number of elementary schools about twelve or fifteen per cent. of scattered over the country in which the population can read or write. Re- children are taught the Koran and elementary reading. The Government has recently begun to improve these THE LECTURE-ROOM IN THE SCIENTIFIC DEPARTMENT.. ASSIUT COLLEGE ligious education is the great need of schools. The other system is that Egypt as of every other Moslem under the control of the Government, land in close contact with Western and is relatively neutral in religion, civilization. The old faith is being altho the Koran is taught in govundermined and is disintegrating by ernment primary schools, and until rethe impact of modern thought, and too cently Christian scholars had to attend often modern infidelity. Lord Cromer this religious instruction. The system was right when he said that "reformed of grants-in-aid has been introduced, Islam is Islam no longer." The house and government assistance is given to is empty, swept and garnished, but a large number of schools under has no habitant. An education with- private management. There are in the out religion will prove a peril and not country six secondary schools, four a blessing to Egypt. In this connec- of which are under the Egyptian tion we quote from the report of the Government, while the other two are Commission on "Education in relation private schools, one being the Coptic school in Cairo, and the other the American Presbyterian College at Assiut. There are five colleges for

19II ] THE ASSruT TRAINING

professional training in law, medicine, a mosque for prayer. Midway beengineering, agriculture, and teaching. tween these two centers of intellectual These are all government institutions, culture-the one for the old and the and are situated in Cairo. Christian other for the new Islam-stands Assiut Training College, built upon instruction is given only in the Coptic the foundation of the Apostles and the Prophets, with Jesus Christ as the school in Cairo and the American Col- chief corner-stone; His character and lege at Assiut among the institutions life the ideal of education and His of higher learning, and in the primary Gospel the living message on the lips schools, amounting to about 200, con- of hundreds of its graduates. All nected with the various missions at work in the country."

According to this report, the Amer- A GROUP OF PROFESSORS AND TEACHERS AT THE ASSIUT TRAINING COLLEGE ican College at Assiut is the only who enter it-Protestants, Copts, Protestant institution of higher learn- Greek Orthodox, Moslems, and Jews ing in the whole Nile Valley where -come under the spell of Him who Christian instruction is given. Cairo, taught as never man taught. the intellectual capital of the Moslem world, still awaits the establishment of Like other growing institutions this a Christian university, and can only college greatly needs many things: boast its El Azhar. Khartum has its new dormitories, better dining-rooms, Gordon Memorial College, which residences for the permanent missionought to be a living testimony to the ary professors, endowment and an inlife of Gordon, who was above all else crease of the staff of teachers. None a Christian man, but is alas! Moham- of the travelers in Egypt should medan throughout, giving a four neglect the opportunity to see these years' course in the Koran and having greatest modern monuments on the Nile.

PEST OF SECTARIANISM *

BY J. R. ALEXANDER, D.D.

Egypt has always been noted for its to this day; but in their own estima- religions and its sects. In ancient tion they are the one only Apostolic times the country was greatly con- Orthodox Church in the world-the vulsed by the heretic King Amen- others are all "heretics."

hotep IV, about 1500 B.C., who re- Then came the hosts and generals jected the cult and gods of his fathers of the Khalifs, and Islam became the and became a follower of the sun-god. prevailing religion.

The King and his government and the During the passing centuries the heads of his new religion left Thebes Roman Catholics of Europe, of (modern Luxor) and founded a new France, Austria and Italy sent priests capital at Tell EI-Amarna, in Middle and bishops to try to guide the Egypt. It was in the ruins of this "heretic" Egyptians, both Copts and city that the famous tablets, written in Moslems, back to their former beliefs, the Babylonian language, several cen- and a certain number became Roman turies before Moses' day, were found Catholics.

a few years ago-the tablets which The Protestants, in some five or six gave certain critics of the Bible some denominations, have also entered the bad half-hours, since they proved that country, and lately by their schools ahigh degree of civilization and learn- and preaching, and wide distributions ing existed in Mesopotamia, Syria, of the Scriptures, are profoundly Palestine and Egypt in the age before moving both the Monophysite Copt that of Moses, and that, therefore, he and the Monotheistic but Christless or another of his time, so far as gen- Moslem.

eral knowledge and literary attain- Good men at the present day lament ments are concerned, could easily have the existence of these many divisions written the Pentateuch. among Christians and especially The Persian kings, in their cam- among evangelical Christians. But, paigns in Egypt, interfered with the unfortunately, altho a number of the Egyptian gods and their religion, larger and older denominations in dif- notably Cambyses. Then came the ferent parts of the world are uniting Greeks, and they, too, brought new and healing the ancient schisms, there gods and new beliefs. are, from time to time, new schisms In the Christian era another new being formed and men of every de- religion entered the land, claiming the nomination identify themselves with adhesion of all the people, and before them. For instance, in America, from the seventh century A.D. Egypt was all among our own people, men trained in Christian. In the fourth century, our own Church and our own colleges, however, arose Melitius, bishop of have become adherents of the Assiut, and a little later Arius, of Plymouthites, the Zionists or Millen- Alexandria, who founded sects which nial Dawn people, the Penie1 Band, the greatly troubled the peace and pros- Pentecostal people, the Holiness move- perity of the Church in Egypt, and ment, the Christian Scientists, the have greatly troubled the theological Dowie movement, the Adventists, etc.

world ever since. And then came the So, in Egypt, to our great grief, some great philosophical-theological contro- of our young Protestants, the sons versy as to the nature of Christ, and teachers of the college among whether he had one nature and one them, differing with one another, per- will or two natures and two wills, the haps, on certain phrases of doctrine, result of which was that the Christians or for other reasons, in imitation of of Egypt nearly all separated from the their ancestors, and like men in other rest of the Christian world, and ac- lands, have divided and divided again, cording to the language of those in their religious affiliations.

times, they have continued "heretics" The Plymouth Brethren in Egypt, * Condensed from The United Presbyterian.

PEST OF

whose peculiar beliefs were first posed from the ministry and from brought to Egypt by one of our own membership in the Protestant Church. missionaries in the late '60's, have di- A certain part of his pastorate sympavided into two sects. The head of the thizing with him, he attempted to larger body is one of our college grad- form them into a separate congregauates, a man of a good deal of force, tion and at once endeavored, by letintellectual and spiritual, a former ter and by personal visits, to induce pastor of one of our churches, and a people under discipline in other conman of whom we had hoped much. gregations, or those disaffected for The Plymouth Brethren in Egypt, any reason, to gather adherents and large and small, number perhaps four organize independent congregations. or five thousand, nearly all in upper But his intolerant character being well Egypt. known, his efforts failed. He remains almost alone, but still the head of his When the Holiness movement mis- movement! sionaries (Canadians) came to Egypt, several of our college men, with others, We lament these defections and associated themselves with them, and these divisions, but doubtless, while one who for years was the trusted human nature remains what it is, men head of one of our largest schools has will get the big head, or the contracted become the chief assistant of the move- conscience, or an excessive afflatus of ment. These people, instead of going spiritual ambition, and will separate into places in which our mission or from their brethren. our Protestant synod has no work, or into the ChristIess Sudan, invariably The college gave these men intelenter the towns and villages where our lectual and spiritual training, but it people or the Plymouthites are estab- couldn't regenerate them nor sanctify lished, and try to pervert them. They them. And they are, after all, very number several hundred. few of our entire people; and were all the disciples of the greatest Teacher The Seventh-day Adventists, on earth ever saw faithful to their their arrival in Egypt, found one of Teacher and His teachings? our former students, a pastor under suspension by his presbytery. He at But, while these may seem instances once embraced, at least ostensibly, of normal ecclesiastical perversity, the their beliefs and became their chief college has somewhat indirectly been helper, the Egyptian head of their connected with the formation of a movement. The Plymouthites, the heathen religion. In the year 1871-73 Holiness people and the Adventists al- it had on its staff a Syrian teacher, a ways seek for persons under discipline Christian and a graduate of Beirut in our mission churches, whom they College, a certain Abdallah Ibrahim make the nuclei for their work! The (or Ibrahim Girgis). His conduct Adventists have a very insignificant and success as teacher net being very following. satisfactory, he was dismissed. He re- turned to Syria and is now the Amer- Another of our students, a graduate ican head of the curious Oriental and one of our ablest pastors, intellec- heathen sect called the Behaieen, with tually, attempted to form a sect of his headquarters in Chicago. This sect own-of the Independent or Congre- had its rise in Persia. It spread to gational sort. He loved the world and Syria and became somewhat numerthe things of the world, and was fast becoming a land-owner and rich. He ous in certain localities. Some of its ruled his congregation with a rod of members came to America, among iron, but finally, through certain in- them Abdallah Ibrahim. He soon bediscretions in conduct and certain in- came influential among them and was stances of unusual tyranny, he was re- made their chief, with a great, highported to his presbytery and suspend- sounding title. He claims a following ed. Refusing to submit, he was de- of millions and assumes great state and ceremony in his official functions.

Neither Beirut nor Assiut taught him claimed and secured these rights. It the doctrines of Beha! therefore became necessary that each Christian religious denomination Another of our students has become, should have an official representative in a sense, the head of a denomination, or agent to act on its behalf with the but he bears quite a different style. In Government in all civil matters and the beginning days of Assiut he was affairs pertaining to its interests and one of its students. When he became to the interests of its members, in acprepared he went to Beirut College and cordance with these laws. The Copts, graduated there in 1874. For two Catholics and other Epis.copalian sects years after graduating he taught in designated their patriarchs or bishops Assiut College. He afterward studied as their agents. But the Protestant law, and has become a very prominent denominations (except the Anglican), lawyer, well known throughout the not having an individual as a spiritual country for his eloquence and success head who could also act as its civil as a pleader before all the native courts head, chose, in 1900, this former stuof Egypt. He is also a very popular dent and teacher of the college as their public speaker and lecturer. He is a civil head and legal agent. On State thorough Protestant and a leader in occasions and at State functions he apthe political movements in Egypt; in- pears with the haughty patriarchs and deed, he is the founder and head of prelates. They are drest in their ofone of the political parties, the "sanest" ficial pontifical robes, resplendent with of them all. orders and gold lace, but he is clothed in the ordinary Oriental gentleman's Islam being the State religion in dress suit. He serves without salary. Egypt, the native Christian denomina- Last February the Synod of the Nile tions existed for a number of years on had its photograph taken with its civil sufferance. But in 1855 a decree was agent seated between the moderator issued by the Sultan of Turkey, a and the clerk. An enlarged copy of province of which Egypt is, granting this photograph was suitably framed to each Christian denomination the and presented to the agent as a mark of the synod's respect and gratitude right to make its own laws for. mar- for many services rendered to it and riage, divorce, inheritance, etc. These its members. laws are officially recognized and, if necessary, enforced by the State. The Protestant denominations in Egypt MISSIONARY WORK IN LOGGING.CAMPS * BY REV. FRANK E. HIGGINS Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions.

Fifteen years ago, while I was pas- tin cups and plates and iron knives tor at Barnum, Minn., some friends in- and forks were given to them, and vited me one day to go with them to their food was brought in large baskets see the "drive," or men floating the and pails. They soon showed appelogs down the river. After a long, tites seldom found elsewhere than on hard day's journey, we came to a point the "drive." on Kettle River where a large flatboat, called the vVanagan, was fas- After the meal, very much to my tened to the shore, and upon which surprize, several of those men asked several men were busy preparing the me to preach to them. I said, "Why, evening meal. In a short time the men, I didn't come out here to preach; horn blew and the men came from I came to see the 'drive.''' "That may various parts of the river, and as they be," they said, "but we want you to seated themselves around a large fire, preach now that you are with us." As I looked at them, I would have * From The Record of Christian Work.

WORK IN LOGGING

said, "That's the last crew of men camp than the men dared me to ride a that would ever ask a preacher to log. I knew I could not do this, but hold a religious service." They did it would never do not to take a dare not ask for a lecture or talk, they said, like that. I knew, too, I could swim, "Preach," indicating by the term that and therefore had no occasion to be they wanted to hear something of the afraid of the water. I tried the log, story of Jesus Christ. but it turned, and so did the preacher.

I took a large log for my platform. The men said that I closed the hole The men gathered near, some on the behind me several times that day, and grass, others on logs and stumps. We when night overtook us I had occasion sang songs, such as "Nearer, my God, to stand around the fire and dry my- to Thee," "At the Cross," and "Jesus, self with the rest. The men are in Lover of my SouL" Then I repeated the river nearly all day, keeping the some Scripture, offered prayer and logs in the moving water. I have seen gave them a short gospel talk. I will them in the early spring when they had never forget that beautiful spring eve- to keep pushing to one side the huge ning on the bank of the Kettle River. cakes of ice as they came floating It seemed as tho all nature joined with down from the north, and yet it is us in that meeting. There was not a healthier for the men than later, when sound to break the stillness of the the weather is warmer. Every eve- night air, except my voice and the ning as we sat around our fire, we'

water as it rippled on by us. When sang songs and held a gospel meeting.

the meeting was over, many of the Each meeting was more interesting men took me by the hand and told me than the one before. The last time I how they had enjoyed it. They ex- was with them that spring, I made plained to me how they had been up them promise to come and see me in the woods all winter long, many when they came to town and invited of them year after year; how some them to come to church. They prom- of them had even remained there from ised, but I must say I was doubtful, the time the winter camps broke till for I did not think those men would the "drive" commenced, as they: had go to church. But one Sunday in July, no better place to go. And they said, just as I was about to commence my "If some one like you would come out morning service, there stood three of and visit us, we would appreciate it, those men at the door. There they and we feel sure it would do good." were just as they had come off the The next morning before I left I saw "drive" the day before, with their big men wade across the river to their corked shoes, overalls stagged off just armpits, and one man even swim, that below the knees, woolen shirt open at they might take me by the hand and the breast, and slouch hat carelessly make me promise to come again, which thrown on the back of the head. I at I did. So at different times that once went and took them by the spring I put a pack on my back and hand, and told them how glad I was went over the trail to where the crew to see them. The result was they came were working, for each week they again and brought others, and those were drifting farther down the Kettle, who had families let the children come toward the great Father of Waters. to the Sabbath-school, proving to me I have always felt that if a mission- that it paid many times over to visit ary is going to do the most effective that army of men in the forest, who, work, he must be, as much as possible, people said, could not be reached with one of his people. So I did not go on the gospel.

the river in the garb of a preacher, but The summer passed, and during the with my corked shoes, woolen shirt fall the men commenced going to their and slouch hat. No one would have winter camps. Many of them made taken me for a preacher as I tramped me promise to visit them again. I over the trail. I was no sooner in deemed it a great privilege to visit the

logging-camps. For a while I had what he wanted me to tell his family, been raised in the woods, and had seen he said, "Thank God, Mr. Higgins, considerable logging, but never on the you came to camp." I asked him large scale it is done in the West. It what he meant. He said, "After hearwas interesting to see those long log ing you preach that night when I buildings where the men sleep, a door crawled into my bunk, I pretended I at each end, a large stove in the mid- was fixing the blankets, but for the dle, in which several large cord-wood first time in twenty years, I was on sticks can be put at once; on both my knees asking God to make a better sides, the long tier of rude bunks, two man of me." He continued: "I am not afraid to die, but I want before I or three high, with a little hay and go to turn your attention to those poor blankets. In another long log build- fellows in the camps. Go back to ing, with board tables covered with oil- them, preach to them as you did that cloth, running the full length of the night, tell them of Jesus Christ and building, and in the corner two large His love. You think perhaps that they ranges, the cook and his helpers pre- are hard to reach, but they have great pare the food. The big barns where hearts, and as soon as they learn to the horses are kept, the blacksmith know you, they will trust you." As he shop, the filer's shop, give it the ap- talked I could see him grow weaker, pearance of a rude viIIage, right in the and soon I drew the sheet over his heart of the forest. The splendid ice face, for he was gone. I stept out to roads leading to the landing, the won- the corridor to call his brother over derful way in which the men conjured the 'phone. While waiting for him to the forest, were all most interesting. come, if ever it was made plain to a As soon as I came into one of these camps, the men would ask me to person what his life's work should be, preach for them. it was made plain to me that night. I never had any doubt concerning my Shortly after this, I was warned by call to the ministry, and as clear as some of the brethren of the Duluth that ca1l was, while yet a mere boy, Presbytery (of which I was a mem- it was no more clear than the call that ber, and under which I was studying day to go back to the forest. Up to for ordination) that unless I paid less that time, like many other young men, attention to lumberjacks and more to I had been building my air castles. my missionary field, my ordination Some day I was going to be a pastor of might be many years off. But already a fine church and enjoy all the luxuries such impressions were made on my that I dreamed went with big churches. life that this was not going to affect But that day all those air castles vanmy plans. One day that spring a team ished and I could not help thinking of came to my door with some of the those last words: "Go back to the men, saying they wanted me to go with camp." Then I thought of my life, them to a homesteader's shack, that how, as a boy, I had been raised in the one of their number was sick and they forest. After all, had not God in His had brought him in from camp, and that he was asking for me. We went marvelous way fitted me for just this to his home. There I found his wife field? and children in much need of sympathy and help. The doctor told us he Let us look at this field in Minnemust be taken to a hospital for an sota. We can start at Duluth and go west over two hundred miles, till we operation. We placed him in a sleigh, took him to the station, put him on a strike prairie land. Then we can start cot and I accompanied him to the hos- at Brainard and go over two hundred pital in Duluth. After a hurried ex- miles north through the great timberamination the doctor told me there belt, till we strike the Rainy River or was no hope for him. I broke the Canadian boundary. Here in the news to him, and after telling me northeastern part of our great State, it is estimated that there are more

WORK IN LOGGING CAMPS

than 20,000 men toiling in the forests. community was looked upon as a great Then over in northern Wisconsin and event. Upon one occasion when one northern Michigan, where they tell us of the largest saloons and gamblingthe timber is a1l cut, there were last halls in northern Minnesota was winter at least 20,000 more. Then we can go west to western Montana, opened, beautiful printed invitations Idaho, Washington, Oregon and Cali- were sent to many ladies of the town fornia, and we find anywhere from to attend in the afternoon, my wife 20,000 to 50,000 in each of these among them. I mention this to show States. I have traveled over a large the condition of public sentiment that part of this field, and, as far as I can would allow such things to take place, learn, the Church has entirely over- and when a few of us dared to declare looked it, and the sad part is that con- war on this wide-open policy, a cry ditions are growing worse for these went up tli"t we could ruin the tOWf! ; that it was supported by lumberjacks. poor men. and if they could not have gambling Twenty years ago the men logged by and drinking, that they would go to other towns. I then went to many of river; that is, they went up the river the camps with a petition for the men far away from civilization, but they to sign, asking the authorities to enwere far away also from the tempta- force the law. Over ninety per cent of tions of civilization. They were in the all I was able to reach gladly signed woods all winter, and many of them the petition. Many of the townspeoremained to come down on the "drive" ple said it was not the preacher's in the spring. They were down but a place to be stirring up such a fuss, and short time when they again returned to some even refused to any longer suptheir home in the forest. They were port the church. I then said I would then spoken of as the hardy, brave, resign my position as pastor and begood-hearted men of the forest. But come the pastor of the men in the of late years they log more by rail. woods; my church would be the log- When a certain tract of timber is to ging camps. How some of the people be cut, a railroad is run through the laughed! They said I would be lost, forest, long before even the ruad is I would no longer be heard of, I would finished. Small towns, consisting of be harder to find than a needle in a log buildings and tar-papered shacks, haystack. But I went to a different spring up, the majority of which are camp every day. Night after night saloons, gambling-hells, and other for months I raised my voice against places of sin. I knew one town in this wide-open policy. Gradually we the northern part of Minnesota in saw public opinion turning in our which, before there were 2,000 people, favor. The gambling-halls were there were forty-six saloons, twenty closed, the brothels driven out and, gambling-places and five large brothels. thank God, the Government of the Twelve miles north was another small United States of late has stept in and town where the stumps yet stood in closed all the saloons in many towns. the streets, no church, no schoolhouse, And best of all, public opinion is now but several saloons. A mile and a aroused. Better government is dehalf further another town with six manded by the people, and last winter saloons; five miles further another as I traveled from camp to camp I met town with fifteen saloons; and eight thousands of woodmen and all I spoke miles further still twenty-five more to rejoiced that the change has taken saloons. These towns were all on the place.

wide-open policy. Sunday was often Many people want to know how the their biggest day. Many times when work is carried on. We divide the one of these saloons was opened, the camp region into different circuits mayor, councilmen and county attor- over which we place a missionary. ney were invited to make speeches; in The circuit has twelve, fifteen, perfact, the opening of a saloon in the

haps twenty camps, and each camp preach I went down to speak to them may have from sixty to one hundred and laid my hand on the shoulder of and twenty men. The missionary the man who was turning the stone.

holds meetings almost every night. At once we were in each other's grip.

During the day, with a pack on his I grabbed for the under hold and back, he travels to another camp, al- soon had my man up against the door.

ways sure there are a number of the I heard a rush and then a voice be- boys glad to see him and do what they hind, calling out: "Stand back! They can to make him feel at home. In the must fight it out. I will brain the first evening when supper is over and the man that dares to interfere with this horses are taken care of, the meeting peavey-handle." By the door stood a begins in the long, low building where full barrel of water from which the the men sleep, known as the Bunk men took water to wash. My man Shanty. After some singing, the jerked sideways and head first he went Scripture is read and prayer offered, into the barrel. I sprang back, saying, then a gospel talk. Some ask, HIs HOh, I hope I have not hurt him,"

there ever any disturbance in the when the man with the peavey-handle meeting?" Very seldom, and if there said: "Hurt a Frenchman with is, it is by some one that does not un- water? Well, I guess not. Just go derstand our purpose. In the early ahead, Pilot, with your meeting; we'll days when I first commenced going to attend to him." They rolled him on the camps, there were those who mis~ the floor, threw him up in a blanket, understood me, some thought I was and made the greatest fun of the whole trying to proselytize, others that I was affair. When I exprest sorrow for after their money. The only concep- him, they laughed, saying, "He would tion many of the men had of a not be sorry for you." After the preacher was that he was after money, meeting they wanted to talk about it, and when I learned how they had been but I told them I was ashamed of the treated I was not surprized. But whole proceeding. I realized I had when I held meetings and did not take made a mistake. I had crossed the up any collection, many of the men French trail and some time I might be would ask what it meant, and when I going through the forest all alone with explained to them that I had given up no man with a peavey-handle to show my church to be their pastor, they fair play, and that night in my dreams could not understand it. In the spring, the trees of the forest seemed to be twenty of those camps gave me $513 filled with Frenchmen. The next and said: "Come again. Weare morning I was aroused from my slum- willing to do our little, when a man ber by a hand on my shoulder. I shows he is on the square." So only looked up and there was my French- once a year do we ask the men to man. I thought at once there was give an offering for the work; then more trouble for me, but to my sur- they can not feel we are after their prize he said he was sorry for what money. happened the night before. We took One night I was just commencing each other by the hand and for several my meeting when two Frenchmen be- winters, as long as we met, we were gan to grind their axes. The grind- warm friends.

ing stone is generally kept in one end But I was not surprized when later of the sleeping shanty. I told them I was told that a certain Frenchman I was about to begin my meeting and said he would "thrash that Pilot" the wished them to enjoy it with the rest first time he put in an appearance at of us. I knew by their answer they the camp where he was, and when I were bent on having trouble. After heard who it was I knew by reputa- singing a couple of hymns, I asked tion he could do it. Some months them not to grind during prayer, but later I came to the camp where this they kept on. Before commencing to man was. The proprietor had always

encouraged my work, but on account guage was something terrible. Some of this man who seemed bound to have of the men hung their heads with trouble, he told me I had better not try shame. Others said, "Don't pay any to hold meetings in his camp. At first attention to that man, Pilot, he is just I thought of moving on to avoid trou- crazy." I answered, "Never mind, ble, but on second thought, I said: boys, he is simply giving the preacher "This is the first camp on this line and a benefit." But when I left that word has gone all along what is going camp, many of the men said, "That to happen. If I pal?S by, the men will preacher is no coward." Wherever I say I am a coward, and if there is one heard the man spoken of, I said kind thing more than another that a lumber- words about him, for I knew every- jack despises, it is a coward." So, ex- thing I said would be carried back to plaining this to the proprietor, I said him. It is wonderful how God leads I would go and hold a meeting; it us. I was dreading going back to that would be better to take a thrashing camp on my next round. One Sun- than to be called a coward. I went to day evening, after holding three meet- the bunk-house to announce my pres- ings during the day, I drove into ence and ask the men what time we Teastrike, a small town, and put my would commence our meeting. Some dog-team in the barn. Everything was called out at eight o'clock. At that wide open and many of the men in hour I took my hymn-books and Bible from the surrounding camps had been and started for the camp. I had never drinking and gambling all day. I seen my man, but I knew him as I thought I would look at my dogs be- was giving out the hymn-books. No fore lying down for the night. On sooner had I given out the first hymn going to the barn I passed an ice- than he came up to the old board table house. Several cakes of ice were out and flung the hymn-book down before in front of it. It was between ten and me. I paid no attention to this. Then eleven o'clock and about twenty be- he picked it up and threw it down low zero. Lying among the cakes of again. He stood on the opposite side ice was the form of a man. Of course, of the table. We stared at each other. I thought he was frozen to death. I You could have heard a pin drop, as all rushed back to the saloon for help.

the men felt sure a row would start. The first man I met was the one I I called out, "Men, let us sing 'At the least expected, old Joe, the French- Cross,' and let us sing it as we have man. He had his lantern over his arm never done before." He turned and starting for camp, after a day of de- kicked over a bench; then went to bauchery. I asked him to come with the water barrel, took a cup of water, me, which he did; we pulled our man drank part of it and flung the cup and out of the ice pile and took him into the rest of the water across the camp. the saloon. I laid him on my fur coat Then he climbed into his top bunk and on the sawdust floor. He was still tried to talk to his bunk partner, the alive, and after some rubbing came partner doing his best to keep him to his senses. I told the saloon-keeper quiet. After we got through singing, I to take care of him, and not to hurry offered prayer, read the Scripture and him out to the woods, he had had a gave a short gospel talk. Then I close call and that I would stand all said: "I am feeling tired to-night, expenses. The saloon was filled with men. I have had a long tramp through men; many of them were already laid the forest to-day. Some of you please out, some on the floor, others in the gather up the books and bring them snake-room. In one corner of the to the office." I knew better than to room the roulette-wheel was being hang around after the meeting was played, over further the poker table, over. and near by the faro table. The coun- The next day I was on the works ter was lined with men; in fact, the with the men. The Frenchman's lan- place was a living hell. Old Joe had

seated himself on a corner of the bar. me he was working down on the log- There he sat, looking at the old man ging road leading to the landing. It while I was working over him, but was very cold, over twenty below not saying a word. zero. When I came to where the old man was working, I said, "Good- A few days later I was again in the morning." He just grunted. I then camp where I dreaded to go. You can said, "It is pretty cold." "No colder imagine my surprize to find old Joe than it ought to be." "You are workone of my best listeners. What could ing very hard." "No harder than I it mean? As soon as the service was ought to work. If other people would over he said: "Pilot, I want to see work and quit bumming the country, you. How is our man we pulled out it would be better for them." I was of the ice pile?" "Oh," I said, "he has about to leave and count my efforts a gone back to work." "Well, Pilot, you failure, when his little dog came out settled me that night." In my aston- of the brush. "Hello," I said, "you ishment, I said, "Why, Joe, what do have a nice little dog." He looked up you mean?" He said, "I mean this: for the first time and said, "Yes, and Last night coming home through the that is my only friend." I knew I forest, I said to myself, 'If that is what missionaries are doing, pulling old had at last struck a responsive chorddrunken lumberjacks out of ice piles, love for the animal. I at once called paying their bills and saving their my two St. Bernards, my team that lives, it is time that the lumberjacks I so dearly loved, and said, "What were helping the missionary, and I am do you think of these? How would going to help." And while we took you tr:tde? Howald is your dog? each other by the hand, over a hun- How long have you had him? What dred men clapped their hands, for breed is he ?"-anything to keep up a they knew we were friends. That conversation. "I know how you love night as I walked up to the old office, your dog. Why, money would hardly I looked up to the starry heavens and buy these of mine. We have traveled thanked God that He had shown me many a mile through these forests. a new way of conquering men. Some days they have taken me forty miles at a stretch and when we have One day I was in another camp. The men said: "See yonder top bunk, been overtaken by night we have lain with the gunny-sacks sewed together down by the fire, company for each for curtains? The old man that oc- other, waiting for daylight. Yes, I cupies that bunk keeps himself from know you love your little dog, but you all the rest of us. Go and speak to surely did not mean it when you said him and try and get him to take part he was your only friend. I have a in the meeting." I went over, pulled wife and a little girl." I noticed tears the curtains apart and offered him a in the old man's eyes. "What have hymn-book and asked him to take part I said?" I asked. "I did not mean to in the service. He let out a roar, and hurt your feelings." "It is all right, all the men had the laugh on me. I Mr. Higgins," he said. And as he said, "Never mind, boys, we will go turned his head away, he added, on with the meeting." Two weeks "Once I had a wife and children," and later I was back in that camp. Again it seemed to me I had never heard the men wanted me to try the old such a sad story. That morning we man; I did and received the same re- became close friends and ever after ception. I noticed he had a little dog he was one of the first to welcome me that slept with him, and the men told in the camp. me it was all the companion he seemed to have. The next day as I was in the Another branch of this work is furworks visiting the men, I met the fore- nishing the men with reading matter. man, who is caned Hthe push." I Some years we distribute over five asked about the old man and he told tons of magazines and religious papers, and how the men appreciate

WORK IN LOGGING

them! Those that can not read have matter or reading to them; at other others read to them; some look at the times carrying fruit or writing letters, pictures. Several of the men have it may be the last letter to some loved learned to read in camp. One young one. One morning when I came home man said to me after a meeting in from the woods my wife told me there which I was telling of my experience was an urgent call for me at the hosas a boy in the forest, "If you could pital. Upon going over, I found it was start so late in life, I can, too, and I my dear friend Nill McDonald, a fouram going to." I got him First Read- horse teamster. I tried at first to ers, and a young man in camp taught cheer him up, told him how thankful him to read. To-day, instead of squan- he should be for such good care as dering his money, he holds a good the Sisters were giving him and promposition and has money in the bank. ised to do all I could for him. He Other young men who a few years thanked me, but said: "It is no use, ago were in the ditch, despised by all Pilot. The jig is up. Tell me, do you who knew them, are to-day my help- think I can make the grade?" I well ers, lifting men to a higher and nobler knew what grade he was speaking life. about. I had seen him in the forest The one great obstacle to be over- drive the four horses and many times he had succeeded in landing his heavy come in this work is the right kind of load at the landing. At the foot of men to be used as missionaries. Even the grades an extra team of horses is theological students and ordained min- put on ahead. This is called "the isters are not always the ones that can team of leaders." I told him he would do this work. One day as I was seated in a camp, passing the time looking need help outside of himself. He said, over an old paper, I came across an "You mean I will need another team article telling about General Booth and of leaders ?" "Yes," I said, "and, his early days in the Army. On one thank God, my boy, you have the occasion while addressing a large au- greatest of all leaders-Jesus Christ." dience in London, telling of his plans for the future of the Army, how he r read the story of the Prodigal Son hoped to have it in every country and city and town and village, one of his and God's love for the lost world as hearers called out, "But, General, where will you get your workers?" we have it in the third chapter of John, In an instant he answered, "From and knelt down by his cot in prayer. among those who are converted." I When I arose from my knees there dropt the paper, and said: "It is an was not a dry eye in the ward. I told answer to my prayers. If God has him I would come again, but later when I came back I saw a screen raised up such wonderful men in the around the cot in the corner. I knew ranks of the Army He can raise up what it meant. I stept around on tipmen from among the lumberjacks." toes. There was the Sister with her And He has, for some of my best men beads and book standing by his side. to-day are men who have spent the greater part of their lives in tbe r saw his lips move and bent over and woods, and I have faith to believe God will continue to raise up men in the took him by the hand. He spoke his last words: "Tell the boys I have woods who will be a power for good. made the grade." In a few moments Another branch of our work is he was gone. I drew the sheet over his face and said to the men as they caring for the sick. The Catholic lay on their various cots, "Boys, we Church has its splendid hospitals in many of the small towns, as well as will all have to make that grade some in the cities. When I or any of my day." helpers are in the towns, we visit these hospitals, sometimes taking reading Weare touching only the border of this field. We need more funds and more men that the noble men of the forest who have been so long neg- lected may have the gospel.

MISSIONARY

INDIA couraging, they are important and of Failure of Hinduism the highest promise. . . . Noone The Literary Digest published not who has taken any trouble to study long since the confession of eminent the question, to see the work itself Hindus that their religion must be to judge the character of those wh~ reformed to avoid destruction. They have been really won to the Christian acknowledge that they have neglected religion, can fail to recognize how wonderful the results have been, both the deprest classes, and that they lack in regard to the numbers of true consympathy for the distress and misery verts, and also in regard to the elevathat so widely prevails in Hindu tion of their character.''' society. They admit that the last three censuses show steady declines in the Indian Mission. to India Hindu population in the Madras presi- "If India is to be evangelized it dency, while there has been a steady must be by Indians," is now accepted advance in the number of Christians. as an axiom. In addition to the One writer says: "It has reawakened various Indian Christian Associations, among us the spirit of sympathy for and the Travancore and Cochin Naall distress and misery no matter tive Church Missionary Society and where found or under what circum- the Zion Church (Madras) Missionary stances." Another says: "The work Association, which are all more or less of foreign missions is waking up the "home missions," that is, aiming at educated classes of India. It has evangelizing the people close at hand made them realize that they would be speaking the same vernacular, there losing ground if they neglected to are two indigenous Indian missionary raise the deprest classes." Still societies. The Indian Missionary Soanother writes: "I am not sorry that Hindus are leaving their traditional ciety of TinneveIly, founded in 1903, faith in consequence of the endeavors commenced work among the Telugus of the missionaries to raise these de- in the Nizam's dominions in I 904with prest classes." Another Hindu au- a single missionary. Now there are thority says: "We count all sorts of 7 missionaries from Tinnevelly, asbeliefs as pertaining to Hinduism. sisted by 17 Telugu agents, carrying Atheists and agnostics are Hindus." on pastoral, educational and evan- gelistic work. There are Christians in HoW' the Go.pel Transforms 28 villages, containing over 900 cat- Sir Andrew Fraser, after thirty- echumens and 242 baptized converts. seven years of public service in India, The National Missionary Society of has recently written: "It is the India, of which Rajah Sir Harnam fashion among some Anglo-Indians to Singh is president, was founded at depreciate the native Christians of Christmas, 1905. It has on its rolls India, and such critics point to the I I missionaries and I I helpers, workfact that there is no Indian bishop. ing in the United Provinces, the Pan- Sir Andrew Fraser tells us that he has jab, Bombay (two districts) and formed a high estimate of the charac- Madras. The income is over 700 ter of many native Christians. 'We rupees a month.

have no reason to be ashamed of our Hinduism Loses to Christianity Indian brethren in Christ. For my- Hon. Mr. T. V. Sheshagairi Aiyer self, I have Indian Christian friends says: "Comparing the figures of the for whom I have as high a regard as last three censuses, for the Madras for my friends in the West, and whose Presidency, I find that whereas in 1881 characters I have recognized as be- out of every 10,000 people there were coming more and more Christlike as 9,143 Hindus, 620 Mohammedans, they submit themselves to His teach- and 228 Christians; in the year 1&;1, ing and to the influence of His spirit. the census showed 8,983 Hindus, 630 . . To me the results of Chris- Mohammedans, and 244 Christians tian missions are not small or dis- for every 10,000; in IgoI the figures

I] GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

were 8,916 Hindus, 642 Mohamme- With his wife, Mr. Eddy sailed dans, and 269 Christians. These from Colombo for Hongkong March figures speak for themselves. I feel I to conduct a three months' evangeno doubt that when the figures of listic campaign in China. the next census are announced, it will be found that the Christian and Mo- The Gospel Among the Korwu hammedan population will have considerably increased, while the Hindu The missionaries of the Gassner population will have decreased pro- Missionary Society report that anportionate! y." other heathen tribe of India has yielded the first fruits to the preach- The Growth of a Decade ing of the Gospel. The tribe of the Korwas lives in the mountains and The Rev. A. E. Cook writes: "The the thick forests of Northwest J astenth session of the Raichur district pur, almost unapproachable, and unconference has just closed. In August touched by civilization. In the midst of 1900 the 1st quarterly conference of the jungle the Korwas subsist on of Raichur was held. From this small herbs and roots and wild beasts, beginning, within IO years, we see which they kill with bow and arrow. gathered in this same place this dis- They are of a nomadic disposition, trict conference of earnest Methodists, and, therefore, live in primitive huts representing a Christian community of of such lowness that they have to over 2,700 and reporting over 400 crawl into them, or in caves, or unbaptisms for the past year. Raised der protruding rocks. They are very for self-support Rs. 631. You should shy and timid, so that it has been alhear these men and women sing and most impossible to reach the tribe with pray and give their testimony. No the Gospel. One of the young men, waiting for one another. The work however, wandered away from the of the conference was carried forward tribe and became a servant of native rapidly in a regular and business-like Christians. He began to inquire into way. The papers read and discus- the truth and was converted. After sions which followed were of high due preparation, he has been baptized order and the prayer-meeting was in his native village of Kinkel (Birn), full of life. Sunday was the "big the other members of his family and day." Many Christians gathered in tribe showing little opposition to his from villages ten and twenty miles step. Thus the first fruit from the away. Beginning at 7 A.M., the ex- Korwas has been gathered. perience meeting rolled on for two hours, after which the district super- An Indian Mother intendent preached to a crowded house. The same place was again A splendid Indian Christian woman crowded .twice over in the evening." has passed to her rest by the death of Mrs. ] agannadham, widow of the George Sherwood Eddy's New Work late Rev. Pulipaka Jagannadham, an ordained missionary of the Dr. John R. Matt has secured the L.M.S. at Vizagapatam. Baptized cooperation of Mr. George Sherwood in her fifth year, Mrs. Jagannadham Eddy, of India, in the work of follow- received her early education under ing up the Edinburgh Conference. the London Mission. Her children, Mr. Eddy, of India, is to be secretary who are now an honor to the Indian for Asia, and will spend each year Christian community, owe everything seven months abroad and five months to the early home-training they had in America, conducting evangelistic received from her. Mrs. Jagannacampaigns for young men, developing dham took entire charge of the girls' the student volunteer idea, directing day school at Vizagapatam, and conconferences for the deepening of tinued to superintend it till 1896. Christian life, securing men for the Under her efficient teaching many an foreign field and participating in con- Indian Christian or Hindu lady reventions and missionary assemblies. ceived that training which has proved

useful to them as wives and mothers been discontinued. In 1904 there were of some of the leading men of the 318 missionary hospitals or dispentown. During the thirty years that saries in the empire. Mr. Jagannadham was pastor of the Telugu church in Vizagapatam, Mrs. In 1895 nine hundred cities in China ] agannadham also conducted weekly were closed to missionaries, and five prayer-meetings for the women of the whole provinces were without a mischurch, and Bible classes for the girls. sionary. To-day all provinces have Many of them through her teaching stations, and all cities are open to were led to give their hearts to Christ. Christian teachers. By her death at the age of seventysix the Telugu community has lost its Queue-cutting in China oldest member and the London mission the last link with Vizagapatam. The party of new ideas in China is making remarkable progress, and CHINA it has been urging the docking of the queue as the visible sign of the spread Chinese Mohammedans of new ideas. The reformers say that patriotism demands that every China- Nothwithstanding all that has been man should rid himself of all the written about the magnitude of the useless customs of the older time, and Chinese nation, it is with a sense of that there is no better evidence of genuine surprize that we read of a emancipation from hurtful conservadefinite body within that empire- tism than the absence of the queue. variously estimated as numbering be- The crusade was started not more tween three and seventy millions-still than three years ago, but it spread so "practically neglected" so far as di- rapidly that the cutting of the hair rect evangelical effort among them is was a short time ago advised from concerned. Even accepting the num- the throne itself and news dispatches ber as between five and ten millions, from China affirm that the new senate, it must be recognized that the problem or national assembly, has passed a presented by the Mohammedans of measure commanding the removal of China is an important one. all queues. A dispatch from Peking says that all the officers in the Imperial One of the most trustworthy mem- navy and in the army in the northern bers of a northern church was a Mo- provinces have fallen in line with the hammedan, who came of his own reform, that the members of the Waiaccord, and has never proved false. wu-pu, or Board of Foreign Affairs, Another church in the metropolitan now appear queueless. A foreign province has a deacon and several paper published in Hongkong estimembers who were formerly Moslems. mates that more than 40,000 Chinese In the west, the first ordained Chinese in that city and its vicinity cut off clergyman in the China Inland mis- their queues in the month of Decemsion came from a Mohammedan fam- ber alone. ily-having been brought in as a lad through the school. A church in one What Do the Chinese Believe of the coast provinces has eight or ten Islamic converts.-London Christian. China, within its enormous area, contains the largest amount of popu- Some Interesting History lation and of wealth united under one government in the world. What In 1807 Canton was the only place do these four hundred and fifty milin China where foreigners could re- lions of people believe? In a recent side; now all the country is open to address in New York City, Wu Tingmissionaries. Fang, Chinese Minister Plenipoten- tiary, said that as in this country there In 1807 Robert Morrison, the first was really but one faith, the religion Protestant missionary, reached Can- of Christ, so in China there was in ton. Eleven years later he published reality but one belief, that of Conthe entire Bible in Chinese. fucius. He made it clear that as In 1834 medical work began its beneficent career, which has never

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE 30

America is Christian, in the same were so cruelly persecuted: "A few sense China is Confucian. He ad- months ago a man came to our station mitted that three systems of religious to buy a New Testament. As he lived belief, Confucianism, Taoism and a long way off, he had never before Buddhism, were recognized by the seen a foreigner or heard a preacher Government of China in its constitu- of the Gospel; but a copy of St. tion and laws, but stated that the first Matthew's Gospel, which some one of these was the only one that held had bought from a colporteur two the esteem and affection of the peo- years before, had fallen into his hands. ple. Long ago the struggle for He read this through several times, supremacy among the three was set- and wished he could understand its tled, and long ago the nation declared meaning better; so he came to us at a for Confucianism. He discriminated time when I happened to be away. them by saying, that Confucianism He decided to wait for my return, and appropriates to itself the realm of the in the meantime he read the New living, while Taoism and Buddhism Testament nearly three times right take possession of the realm of the through. His heart and his lips overdead. flowed with what he found in it. When I again reached home, I called A Pocket Testament League him to me, and he spent a long time in our near neighborhood, that he During the autumn of r909 a Pocket might attend all our services. Before Testament League was formed in his departure he begged for baptism." China with the object of encouraging -Evangelisches Missions-Magazin. Chinese Christians to read the gospels and epistles systematically. Each JAPAN AND KOREA member of the league undertakes to carry a copy of the New Testament, What Japanese Christiana Can Be and Do and to read a portion of it every day. Vigorous efforts are now being made Every now and then reports come to organize the League in every home which indicate that at various Chinese Christian congregation. The points Japanese converts to Chrismovement has already become very tianity are not in all respects what popular, and we of the Bible Society, they should be. Therefore the statenaturally, are doing our utmost to ment of facts which follows is pecustrengthen and extend it. Special liarly gratifying. At Kyoto, a new pocket editions of the New Testament railroad town in Manchuria, Chrisin Wenli and in Mandarin have been tian influences dominate the whole prepared, and these are sold to mem- community to a remarkable extent. bers of the league, through mis- . . The contractor having charge sionaries and Chinese pastors, at of track-laying is a Japanese noted not nominal prices-rd. per copy in strong only for business efficiency, but also limp cloth binding, and 2d. per copy for uprightness. While the workmen in cloth boards. We may mention were still living in sheds and tents he that these rd. Chinese Testaments cost had them build a church, the first the Bible Society over 3d. apiece to permanent structure in the town. The produce. In addition, postage and men employed a young Japanese freight are paid on parcels of New minister as pastor, paying him wholly Testaments to any and every part of themselves. A temperance society has China, so that the books may be been organized, and newcomers if not brought within reach of the poorest ready to join the church are per- Chinese Christian.-Bible in the suaded at least to join the society. World. Not long since, when Bishop Harris was passing through Kyoto, the rail- The Adventure of a Booklet road officials arranged to hold the train at the station while he visited the A German missionary in China church and baptized a group of waitwrites from the province of Shansi, ing candidates. where ten years ago the Christians

Superstition in Japan jukon was a Roman Catholic; his crime had nothing to do with his Heathen superstition in Japan is not faith, but rather with his patriotism, only found in out-of-the-way places, and his deed was deplored by all Ko- but even in the capital city, Tokyo, rean Christians. At a festival of the Tuitengu Shrine, held upon the fifth day of each month, While Lawyer Kamada was think- charms made of paper are sold which ing on the evident faith of Anjukon, are superstitiously believed to protect a Christian paper (Fukuin Geppo), the possessor from all disaster by edited by Rev. Hervey Brokaw of water. This festival day in November the Presbyterian Mission, came into was what is known in Japan as dog's his hands, and he was so imprest by day of the dog's month of the dog's the coincidence and by what he read year, and as it only happens once in on "The Cross of Christ," that he every sixty-one years, it was believed wrote Pastor Kakayama of Kure, askby the superstitious people that the ing for more books. These were sent, paper purchased on that day would be and as a result the lawyer was conof especially great effectiveness. verted and was baptized last Novem- Thousands thronged the streets ber. around the shrine waiting for the opening of the gates at midnight, and ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS the people were willing to pay extravagant sums for what is usually Numerical Strength of Islam sold at a paltry price. So great was the throng that men and women were The Turkish journals of Constantitrampled under foot, and a number of nople have been making up statistics people were seriously injured. A as to the number of Mohammedans in similar incident is reported to have the world and arrive at the following occurred at a shrine in Yokohama, total: tho the results were not so serious. The Ottoman Empire, 27,000,000; Industrial Exhibition Utilized Bosnia and Herzegovina, 600,000; other Balkan States, 100,000; Russia, The industrial exhibitions in J ap- 24,000,000 out of a total population anese provincial cities draw together of 135,000,000; India, 60,000,000, tens of thousands of strangers, to of a total population of 250,000,000; whom the gospel is being preached as China, 40,000,000; independent Asiatic far as possible. In the Nagoya meet- States, 20,000,000; Java and neighings, more than 3,000 persons handed boring islands, 25,000,000; Philiping their names and addresses as de- pines, 500,000. They estimate that the sirous of further instruction. In strength of Islam in Africa is no less Osaka, meetings held simultaneously than 60,000,000 to 70,000,000. In in 42 chapels and churches were at- conclusion the journals put the total tended by 15,000 people, and 1,300 number of Mohammedans in the registered their names as inquirers. world at 270,000,000, and affirm that In Nagoya, Mr. Soper has been hold- this number is being rapidly auging gospel temperance meetings in a mented by conversions, as well as by violin factory where IO,ooo violins are the large birth-rate, which is a feature manufactured annually. of Moslem life.-The Christian.

A Japanese Lawyer Converted Are They Christian or Moslem?

Kamada, the lawyer who was ap- There are about 50,000 people in the pointed by the Japanese Government to country around Ezeroum, Trapezund, defend Anjukon, the Korean assassin Chaldea and NeoCesaria (Asia of Prince Ito, was so much imprest Minor) who, tho outwardly conformwith the behavior of the assassin and ing to Mohammedanism, have for the evident sincerity of the man, that generations remained secret Christhe lawyer was convinced of the exist- tians. They are called Stavriotes. ence of a superhuman being. An- They have gone to Mosques but used Christian prayers there, have had two names, one Christian and the other

19II ] GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

Moslem, and have administered se- in Turkish as soon as there is a de- cret baptism and used Christian mand for it.

marriage ceremonies. Their whole Children (both boys and girls) will story recalls the Jews of Spain in the be received at from six to eight years sixteenth century who accepted Cathol- of age. Older children may be ac- icism, became priests and even bishops cepted, but it is important for the at- while secretly continuing their mosaic tainment of the best results that pupils worship. With the announcement of begin the work within the age limits religious freedom these secret Chris- named. Miss Philadelphevs, the tians are throwing off the mask and teacher, has spent two years at Clark openly announcing themselves fol- School for the Deaf, Northampton, ·lowers of Christ. Massachusetts, in preparation for this Earthquake in Monastir • work. Both the home and school life of the children are under the most There was a violent earthquake on careful supervision.

February 20 at Monastir and else- Christian Comity in the Orient where throughout the Vilayet of Mo- A missionary has recently written nastir. Several mosques and houses home: "On my last tour in one town were demolished, and the population I was invited to preach in a Gregorian was obliged to camp out in spite of church-the first Protestant minister, intense cold. The authorities nave native or foreign, to do so. Only thirty years before the opposition to appealed to the Government for 300 the evangelical movement was so bittents and relief funds. ter among the Armenians of that town that the first Protestant to die was Four American missionaries are denied burial. The body was exhumed stationed at Monastir, under the aus- several times and finally had to be pices of the American Board of Com- carried six hours' distant for intermissioners for Foreign Missions. ment. Another Sunday I was invited to be one of the speakers in the cathe- William P. Clark, the missionary in dral of a neighboring town. I shall always feel a thrill as I think of those charge of the Monastir station, and five hundred and more Armenian men Mrs. Clark, are on leave in the United seated on the floor in the center of States, while Charles P. Erickson and that cold building, listening for about his wife are in temporary charge of two hours to their bishop, to an the mission. Mr. and Mrs. Erickson Armenian policeman in uniform, and are assisted by Miss Mary M. Haskell to an American missionary-a situaand Miss Mary L. Matthews. tion inconceivable under the old regime." Monastir is the capital of the Vilayet of Monastir, in Macedonia. It is an important military center and has a large trade in various commodities.

The population, which is estimated at 45,000, is a medley of all the na- tionalities to be found in Macedonia, English Mohammedans in Mecca the Christians numbering about half The Egyptian Gazette, in Cairo, the total. stated (December 15, 1910) that the School for the Deaf in Turkey event of this year's pilgrimage of Mohammedans to the tomb of the The Martha A. King Memorial Prophet in Mecca has been the arrival School for the Deaf has been started of some English converts to Islam.

as a department of the American Some of them came to Yeddah, the Woman's Board Work as Marsovan. port of Mecca, by steamer from Liver- The oral method is used, and it is the pool and carried a letter of recom- intention to teach each pupil the lan- mendation from the Sheik-ul-Islam in guage of his own home. The present Liverpool. Two others came to Mecca year the Greek department has been overland by railroad. The heads of opened, an Armenian department will the Mohammedan clergy counseled be opened in September, 19II, and one with the sheriff of Mecca, what atti-

tude should be taken toward these the way for the presentation of the unwonted guests. Since they acted in Gospel by word of mouth.

a most orthodox (Mohammedan) Methodist North Africa Mission manner and fulfilled all rites and ceremonies, it was resolved that they Rev. E. F. Freese writes: On my should be admitted without difficulties. last visit to Constantine a church was Thus, for the first time, Mohamme- organized with over 20 members and dans of English birth joined the probationers, French, Italian and Arab throng of the fanatical pilgrims around -three of the latter. They are an inthe tomb of the prophet. What a teresting and earnest company. One shame! of the French members is already tak- ing the prayer-meeting in his turn, According to published reports 16,- and dQing other work. Recently a 245 Mohammedan pilgrims had hall was obtained at Kroubs, a railreached Mecca on December 15th, way town ten miles away, and the among them 300 women and children. meetings there have been very encour- aging. It is to be a center for Arab Islam Organizing Into Congregations Islam has hitherto not known or- work as well. M. Compy, our French ganized congregations in the full sense· evangelist, is giving efficient service.

of the word. It is reported that the It was my privilege to baptize Mos- Sheik-ul-Islam intends to found Mo- tafa, who has been a "crier" in the hammedan congregations after the ex- mosque-our first Arab baptism. It ample of other religions. The con- was an impressive service, attended by gregations are to have the supervision all our members, and by the mother over the public schools, the mosques, and brothers of Mostafa, who were in- the hospitals, and other charitable in- tensely interested. The brothers are stitutions. real Christian lads, the mother an AFRICA earnest seeker. One Moslem acquaint- New Mission.boat for the Nile ance said to Mostafa: "Were it not for the French Government we would In place of the Ibis, used by the tie you to a stake, pile wood around American Mission for some forty you, saturate it with oil, and burn years, one to be known as the A lle- you."

gheny has been purchased for $5,000. WEST AFRICA It is about 74 feet long, almost 12 feet wide, and draws about four feet Methodist Liberian Mission of water. It is fitted with two com- The West African Conference met pound condensing-engines of twelve in Freetown for its thirty-first annual horse-power each. It has a deck 60 session, January 8th. The roll showed feet long, suitable for meetings, has 17 missionaries present, 13 pastors and dining-room, kitchen and bath-room, ordained ministers, and 24 school- and sleeping accommodations for six teachers and other workers. The very persons. The boat can easily be run hopeful feature of our conference is in the canals even in summer and on the high character and intelligence of the river during most of the year. It our African ministers. We always is proposed to secure a barge to tow think of this as a missionary con- with the boat to serve for the clinic ference, which indeed it is. But so and for the doctor's office. An impor- much is told in America of the heathen tant fact in connection with the work African with his pagan customs and of the new boat is the wide distribu- his low degree of intelligence, that we tion of Scripture which has been made are surprized to see the noble and in the Delta by the British and For- intellectual band of men who are eign Bible Society. Last year alone standing with the missionaries in their 28,000 copies of the Bible or portions efforts to preach Christ, and who are of the Bible were distributed. Wher- not only following earnestly the lead ever the Word has gone it will prepare of the missionaries, but are planning and extending the work at three dif- What Black Men Can Be and Do ferent places wholly by their own efforts. Self-support and evangelism The Baptist church at San Salvador, were the two dominant notes of the on the Portuguese Kongo, has 860 conference. Addresses on these sub- members. Of these ISO are teachers, jects were given by the African all unpaid but 25, who are supported brethren that will also be a great by the natives themselves. Some 25 stimulus to the Church in America to towns in the neighborhood have their pray for us and give us all the help own chapels, and an immense area is possible.-Advocate. covered by these native evangelists.

The Gifts of the Negro Embarrassment of Success The new church of the Basle So- The West Africa Mission of the ciety at Kwanyako (Gold Coast) is a Presbyterian Board at its recent meetstriking proof of the fitness of the ing, requested that the first Sabbath in negro for civilization and culture. The March should be observed as a day of chancel, altar and font are in mahog- special prayer for reenforcements. The any lathe-work, the benches of ant- appeal is truly Macedonian. The folproof Odum-wood, the floor solidly lowing are needed: One industrial cemented, the walls of rammed clay, man for the Frank James Industrial the roof of corrugated iron-all negro School; 3 physicians; I Spanish work, a triumph of negro industry teacher; 3 German teachers; 4 sinover heathen sloth, a performance of gle women, and 4 ministers. The negro civilization of far-reaching im- work, especially in the Kamerun portance in this uncivilized land. This region, is phenomenal. While the building, and many others on the Gold force of missionaries is about the same Coast, are not only signs of a growing as for the last five years, the increase Christian life, they bear favorable tes- along all lines has been very great. timony to the mental gifts of the At the present time there are 8,000 negro. This is not a race that is catechumens or those who have redoomed to intellectual stagnation.- nounced their fetishism, given up Der Evangelische Heidenbote. their evil olives and are seeking to lead a Christian life. They are babes in Noble Deed of an African Prince Christ and need instruction. There are 6,000 pupils in the schools, 5,000 It is reported from the Kameruns of these being in village schools that the African prince Njojo, of Ba- taught by native teachers. This numnum, has built a large school for 500 ber could be doubled at once if the scholars, and has turned it over to native teachers were available. The the Basel Society. The prince him- native teachers could be increased if self is a volunteer teacher, giving there were missionaries enough to in- Christian instruction to the children struct them. The station schools at with much enthusiasm. which the normal classes are held are crowded with pupils, taxing to the ut- A Belgian Kongo Mission most the strength of the small body of missionaries in charge. The two Protestant Churches of Belgium have united to found a mis- Kongo Free State sionary society for work on the Kongo. A large assembly of Protestants met in From two separate sources we learn the Church of the Musee in Brussels, that a better day has dawned upon the on November 28, to discuss the ques- Kongo. In the Belgian Parliament tion, "What are Protestant Mission- the colonial minister reported progress aries Doing in Belgian Kongo?" Rev. in two important respects. Trade is H. Ault, the director of the new mis- developing on the right lines, and the sion, and two pastors, addrest. the native has vastly improved his posimeeting, and much interest was tion. Slavery also is dead, because shown. labor is free. Sanitary science has

likewise considerably improved the Missionary Schools Appreciated in Kamerun conditions of living, thereby reducing the death-rate during the last year by A missionary of the German Bap- tists in Kamerun writes in Unsere 50 per cent. Happily, this optimistic H eidenmission concerning the crowdreport from the official headquarters ed missionary schools: "It is with us ~s confirmed by Mr. Clark, an Amer- now as it is with the missionaries in Ican Protestant missionary, in a dispatch to Washington, in which he India, China, and Japan. We no states that "there no longer exist any longer need seek for children to fill any traces of the cruel and unjust our schools, but we have to think of acts which occurred there under the means to do justice to the masses old regime." These facts, taken together, warrant the hope that the which crowd into them. A new era Kongo at last has found deliverance. has come for the schools in Duala. This will bring great joy to the brave In the beginning of last year our boys' school there had a total of 220 pupils; and persistent handful who in this and now the lowest class alone contains in other lands have shared the black 240 and the other classes contain 200 man's burden, and so fulfilled the law of Christ. Now then seems the "set more, so that the number has been time" for advance on the part of doubled within one year. The outheralds of the Cross, that the black ward reason for this increase is found perhaps in the development of the man may see in his white brother, not colony and in the changes wrought a tyrant and a taskmaster, but the mes- by that. Parents and friends of senger of life and peace.-Loudon the boys observe that those who Christian. have learned German are employed in the Government offices, the Reenforcements for the Kongo postal service, the railroad service, and The foreign mission committee of the offices of the merchants, and are the Presbyterian Church, South, sends well paid. Therefore, they send the out the cheering news that "nine boys to the schools, and the boys also young men and women have volun- often ask to be sent. The girls' teered to go as missionaries to our African Mission. Most of these have school in Bonamuti is likewise already been appointed by the Executive Committee. Hundreds of native crowded. In the beginning of 19IO Christians in Central Africa have been it contained 80 pupils, which now have praying daily with the missionaries increased to 160, so that the work of that the Lord would speedily send the two teachers was largely increased forth reenforcements to help them in their work. Rev. and Mrs. George and assistants had to be added." McKee will leave N ew York in a few In addition to the two schools men- tioned the German Baptists support 40 missionary schools with 1,600 pupils in the interior of Kamerun.

days for Luebo. Other missionaries Sleeping.sickness in Living.tonia will be ready to leave for Africa in Dr. Laws of Livingstonia writes that the fall of the year. In the meantime sleeping-sickness is fairly in the coun- it is hoped that many will consecrate try now, and that the glossina morsi- their gifts unto the Lord to provide tans must be counted a carrier. If so, the salary and traveling expenses of the whole Upper Shire may be these and other missionaries that are doomed. Game, tsetse and sleeping- waiting in order that there may be no sickness go together. The London delay in their departure for the fields Missionary Society and Mwenzo pu- that are white unto the harvest. Two pils were kept back last year from women have recently given diamond coming to Livingstonia until after rings valued at $550, and have re- careful examination of the blood.

quested that the proceeds be used in "To find a trypanosome in human preaching the Gospel to the people in blood makes one's heart sink, as it is the Kongo who are in the darkness. practically the sentence of death."

19II] GENERAL MISSIONARY

SOUTH AFRICA sion, "Walk according to these words, Dutch Reformed Church Prospering and it will be well with yourself and with your people." Thus he gave a The issue of De Kerleboche for valuable testimony to the truth. January 5th, gives some statistics of Khama was baptized as a youth by the Church. The figures in 1910 are the Missionary Schulenburg of the given as 224,179 members and 483,317 souls. For 1909, there were 219,523 Hermannsburg Missionary Society, members and 481,332 souls. In the but the L. M. S. labors among his Ring of Cape Town there has been a people. It therefore sent special con- gratulations to Khama and gave decrease, and a considerable one in thanks to God who had led him and the number of souls and of communi- preserved him so wonderfully in trial cants. The Theological Seminary in Stellenbosch is graduating 29 candi- and persecution. dates this year, and the total number At the time of his baptism the young of students in the institution is 86, a man had to suffer much from his envery high number evidently. raged father, who even attempted to kill him. He has been loyal to Christ Y. w. C. A. in South Africa throughout the years and has been a real friend of his people, by aiding the A branch of this society has just missionaries in every way. Some been formed in the French South years ago he prohibited the importa- African Mission, and the report tion of whisky, while at the present comes: "Since our women joined the time he has come to the aid of the mis- Y.W.C.A branch they have brought sionaries in their fight against the pera new spiritual life into our native nicious beer carousals of the natives. churches, and are a new element of power. It is the purpose of the Y.W. Training School in German Southwest CA. to do this. It is not what we do, Africa but how we do it; it is not what we The Rhenish Missionary Society say, but how we say it; it is not by finds itself face to face with peculiar running about to give testimony, but and difficult conditions in German by the testimony of life at home. To Southwest Africa. The former tribal quicken therefore our faith in the gift and communal unions are rapidly of the Holy Spirit, to teach our active vanishing and the natives, Christian members their absolute dependence on as well as heathen, are scattering in His guidance for successful service, small groups over a vast territory.

to wait for his enduement if 50 led, to Thus, the need for suitable native neglect not the gift that is in them, to evangelists and helpers is becoming keep step." more and more urgent and the so- King Khama'a Jubilee ciety has decided to open a missionary training school for native helpers in The well-known Christian King Gaub in the month of April. Every Khama, chief of the tribe of the applicant for admission must speak at Bamangwat05 in Bechuanaland, South least three languages, namely, Ger- Africa, celebrated a short time ago the man, Nama, and HereTO, yet at the fiftieth anniversary of his baptism in first notice of the intended school fif- his capital Serowe. An immense teen Christian young men applied. At crowd, estimated at IO,OOO, had the same time two monthly religious gathered, and Khama made a touching papers have been started, one called address in which he avowed his con- Omahungi (Narratives), in Herero, tinued loyalty to his Lord and also to the other, called Gau Sari Aob (the the King of England. Lifting up a Dock Visitor), in Nama. Both are New Testament which Queen Victoria doing excellent work in binding to- had presented to him when he visited gether and uplifting the scattered England years ago, he repeated the Christian natives in the large terri- words which she spoke on the occa- tory.

A New Station in Transvaal marching with slow and hopeless step over the platform and through the The Berlin Missionary Society ex- aisles, pilgrims of the night, silent pects to open a new station in the and sad." country of the Bawendas in the northern part of the Transvaal Colony, Christian Endeavor Abroad where about 250,000 heathen are to be reached. The present four stations President Francis E. Clark, in his are on the border of the country; but annual report for 1910, shows that the new station, Mandala, will be this movement is increasing in volopened in the interior and in a high ume and efficiency. America still attitude. The latter is of especial im- leads by a large margin in the numportance because the climate is very ber of societies, and during the past bad and the missionaries upon the old year there has been an increase in stations have been suffering much the rate of growth. More than from fever. The new station will :i,000 new societies have been serve as a kind of health resort for formed in this country during the them. last year, and not far from 500,000 members have joined the ranks. What Medical Missions Can Do There has been exceptionally large growth in the African M. E. The Berlin mission reports a strik- churches. Abroad there has been no ing decrease of sickness and death on backward steps except in France, its African fields. In five years there and possibly in Austria. In all the has been but one missionary death in Australian commonwealths, with its Nyasa mission. This favorable possibly one exception, there are change it ascribes to the great pro- strong Christian Endeavor Unions, gress of tropical medicine, especially and their annual conventions are in the prophylaxis against malaria: great in numbers and spiritual ener- "We never send anyone to Africa gy. The outlook in foreign mission now without a thorough course in territory is encouraging. India leads tropical hygiene, and this applies to all other countries abroad, having the wives of missionaries, to mission quite 1,400 bands of Endeavorers. artizans-in fact to all." In that country 20 native secretaries are soon to set to work. In China and AMERICA Japan the work is considered very encouraging. "Some of the brightest Semi.centennial of Women's Work and best of societies are found The beginning of a series of con- in the islands of the West Indies ventions to celebrate women's or- and the South Seas. Jamaica, Tringanized work for missions was idad, Cuba, in the West; and Haheralded some months upon the Pacific waii, Samoa, the Caroline, Marshall, Coast, and now has reached the East. Of one recently held in Pittsburg this Ellice and Fiii Islands are all noted is said: "One of the great features of the convention was the pageant of for the vigor of their Endeavor missions, presenting the progress of work, and many of them for the Western women in Eastern lands. self-sacrifice and devotion of their This was an exceedingly interesting Endeavorers." The next Internaand instructive spectacle. Carnegie tional Convention is to be held at Music Hall and the Soldiers' Me- Atlantic City in July of this year. morial Hall were both crowded to their utmost capacity on the evening After Fifty Years of Freedom of the pageant, the spectacle being exhibited in both halls. The scenes pre- In a recent Christian Endeavor sented brought some realities of mis- World, a professor in Atlanta Unisionary life very vividly before the versity gives these facts concerning eye. There was the long procession of women and children, garbed in the the ex-slaves, who number nearly costumes of the various Oriental lands, 10,000,000, among whom are found 7.10,000 farmers, 70,000 teamsters,

J I 9 I I GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

:;.~.'ooo railway hands, ~6,000 agreeing to be everlasting friends and mmers, :~:;,OOO sawmill employees, to forget their former differences_ 28,000 porters, 21,000 teachers, 21,- The peace was brought about 000 carpenters, 20,000 barbers, 20,- through the mediation of a commis- 000 nurses, IS,OOO clergymen, 14,- sion of Chinese Christian ministers, 000 masons, 24,000 dressmakers and students, merchants and other represeamstresses, 10,000 engineers and sentatives of strong organizations of firemen, ro,ooo blacksmiths, 2,.100 this people. The Chinese Consul, physicians, and, above all, 2,000,000 y. Y. Yang, and his secretaries also mistresses of independent homes, attended the meetings of the commisand :;,000,000 children in school. sion. Chu Chung Tan, commercial attache to the Chinese legation at They conduct every seventh farm in the land, and raise every sixteenth Washington, D. c., and Wu Chiang, dollar's worth of crops. They have secretary of the same legation, came accumulated at least $600,000,000 on to assist the commission when the worth of property in a half-century, work was nearly completed.-The starting with almost nothing. To- Chinese Students' Monthly.

day the negro is a recognized part Jerry McAuley Mission of the American Government; he After a goodly period of service, holds 8,~S2 offices in the executive continued daily and nightly, particcivil service of the nation, besides ularly in the work of rescue among furnishing four regiments in the the slaves of strong drink, the Jerry army, and a large number of sailors. McAuley Mission, at :116 Water Street, New York, has once more In the State and municipal civil service he holds at least 10,000 other outgrown its quarters. The presoffices. ent brick building, put up in 1876, The Negro and the Y. M. C. A. replaced the wooden dance-hall A wealthy Jew of Chicago has which was consecrated to the work given $25,000 toward the $I50,000 of God four years previously by sought for a Y. M. C. A. building Jerry McAuley. Plans have now for negroes in that city; and he of- been approved for a more COmmofers to repeat the gift for any city dious structure; and, thanks to the where the local residents raise $7.~,- forethought of the founder, the va- 000 for the same purpose. Still cant site which adjoins the present more remarkable is his statement mission house will come into servthat the social effects of the work of ice. In harmony with the object the association constitute its appeal of the building, electric flash signs to him, while he sees no obiection to will be installed on the roof; and the religious activities of the Chris- thus the mission will announce its tian Association. The donor ex- beneficent object to men on the plains that, as a Jew, he sympathizes, large river craft and the countless from experience, with the negroes in thousands of people who cross the the prejudice and contempt to which East River bridges. they are subjected. Hosts of Hindus Flocking In Chinese Students as Peace-makers The January number of Missions (the Baptist monthly magazine) After having killed about twenty contains an article on "The Newest and wounding fifteen in a course of a Immigration Problem, the Hindu feud between the On Leong Tong and Invasion of the Pacific Coast." the Four Brothers Society, which During- I<JIO, ',,000 men of India lasted eighteen months in the China- entered the port of San Francisco; town of New York, peace finally ~,Ooo are said to be located in the reigned again over the spirit of the Sacramento Valley of California.

people on the night of December 29, Each steamer from the Orient when the two societies signed a pact, brings its quota of these swarthy

immigrants seeking work in the more thorough and detailed study of lumber camps and on the railroads. the mission fields, with a view to more Opposition to their entrance has speedy and complete occupation; (3) naturally developed on the coast, Olristian education in the mission while unexpectedly a coterie of Cal- fields, and the use of Christian literaifornians, including some wealthy ture in missions; (4) the creation of a representative body to act on behalf women interested in theosophy, are of missions in questions arising with championing their cause. As there governments; (5) the question of are no women with them and they starting an international Missionary provide for no home Ii fe, preserve Review; (6 ) a special committee to their intense caste spirit, and are study medical missions; (7) the creconfessedly "cheap labor," their ap- ation of a permanent international pearance is not without danger to committee. Friends are asked to rethe peace and prosperity of the land member this work in prayer to God. where they settle. A new problem is thus forced upon not only the Crusade Against Mormons state craft, but also the religious enterprise of the United States.-Mission- A vigorous crusade ag-ainst Morary Herald. mon missionaries has been under- taken in Great Britain. It is said Slavic Invasion of Canada that H. P. Freece, a special inves- tig-ator of proselytizing Mormons, Within the last fifteen years, at- has arrived in. London after a ten tracted by the offer of free land, weeks' tour in Scotland and the not less than I SO,ooo Ruthenians north of England, during which he from Southeastern Europe have succeeded in locating- about one hunemigrated to Alberta, Manitoba dred Mormon meeting-places and and Saskatchewan. All are Slavs :i2.~ American Mormons eng-ag-ed in and were reared in either the Ro- inducing- young women to emig-rate man Catholic or the Greek Church. to Utah. He ·also collected the Not being able to secure from their signed statements of parents whose former home the financial assist- daug-hters had been enticed to ance required to sustain religious America, and is in possession of work, they appealed to the Canadian irrefutable evidence that the Mor- Presbyterian Church. In response, mon Church is in the habit of payteachers were sent to open schools ing for the transportation of confor the training of evangelists and verts from there to Utah, in violapastors. Later, an independent tion of the United States immig-ra- Greek Church was formed, which tion law. Mr. Freece entertains is really affiliated with the Presby- great hope of succeeding- in g-etting terian Church, and already has 72 a bill into Parliament prohibiting congregations, 40 church building-s, American Mormon elders from prosas many ministers, and 24 men in eIytizing- in that country-in fact, training- for Christian work. the same law as that adopted by Prussia and Hungary, not long ago. EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN Anglican and Free Church Cooperation The Continuation Committee Anglican and Free Church co- This committee, which is to carry operation is no new thing- at the on the work suggested by the Edin- Hampstead Garden Suburb, but the burgh Conference, is to meet in Eng- latest exhibition of it is quite an inland May 16 to 20, and it is expected novation. The vicar of the church that most of the members will be present. Among the questions that will of St. Jude-on-the-HiII, the Rev. B. be considered are (I) "The Prepara- G. Bourchier, and the minister of tion of Missionaries" and the creation of a Board of Study-to which most the Free Church, the Rev. J. H. societies have already agreed; (2) a Rushbrooke, have written and signed a circular letter offering a

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

hearty welcome to newcomers to the exposition has been stationed in suburb. In it they say: "We have Zurich, St. Gallen, Berne, La~s:;mne been deeply concerned to discover and Chur. Some QO,OOO VISItors that many newcomers, who in ear- have attended. It has now passed lier years had been associated with on to Germany. The city council of Christian churches elsewhere, have Karlsruhe has furnished free Quar- drifted into the habit of non-attend- ters, and the city g-ardener has pro- ance at divine worship and even vided without charge plant decora- into apparent relig-ious indifference. tions for a tropical mise-en-scene.

We represent different Christian Visitors have come from Baden, communions, but we are at one in W urtemburg- and Alsace to see the the desire that all our neig-h- new institution, and it is probable bors may be associated with some that this means of increasing mischurch for the worship and service sionary knowledge will be tp~ch of our common Lord, and the exten- used in the future by other SOCIetIes sion of His king-dam." Following- on the Continent. the letter are printed particulars of the hours of service, etc., at the two Tubingen Medical Mission Institute olaces of worship.-British Weeklv. A report of the first year's The Y. M. C. A. in London work of this institute in Tiibin- At a recent meeting- at "Georg-e gen has been issued. The ex- Williams House," of the Metropolitan Committee of the National perience and results of th<: first Y. M. C. A. Council, a report was year's work are so encoura~mg- ~s received from Mr. Basil Hewer, or- to raise hopes of g-reater thmgs In g-anizing- secretary, upon the present the future. The Board of Directors condition of the work in larg-er now aim at establishing- a hospital London. for tropical diseases, in which mis- sionaries returning invalided and The scheme of the London Cen- others suffering from residence in tral Association, it is believed,· is tropical countries can be treated. g-oing- to make possible much g-reater In this wav the Institute hopes not achievements for the metropolitan only to g-ive relief to the individual work than it has ever known. In a very short time there will be in the sufferer for his own sake, but to heart of London one of the finest preserve for missionary societies the Association buiiding-s in the world, most precious capital they possess, which will supply the most adequate and sufficient provision for the en- the lives and health of their worktire center of the metropolis, as well ers. Seventy such patients were as benefit in no small measure g-reat treated last year, and accommodanumbers of young- men drawn from tion was found for some non-infec- tious and chronic cases in vacant rooms of the deaconess house.

the suburbs. The next requirement, Profeuora and the Vatican inevitably, is that in each of the The news from Germany is to the other five districts of London there effect that the defections in the shall be a larg-e and a fairly Roman Catholic Church assume well-equipped Association building-, proportions alarming- to the Vati- can. Throughout Baden, and more around which the particular district especially in Freiburg-, not one of interests shall g-ather.

THE CONTINENT the professors or priests has consent- Missions Made Visible ed to take the anti-modernist oath, and the time limit fixt for so doing The Basel Missionary Society has has passed. In other States the re- borrowed the idea of a traveling- sisters are increasing in numbers.

missionary exhibit from the travel- The ecclesiastical authorities in ing- anti-alcohol exhibitions. Their Rome maintain a very sug-g-estive

silence on the matter, aI)d seek to To provide for the future of such hide from the public the grave crisis priests, the Savonarola Institute, a brought about by the Pope's recent non-denominational Protestant insti- action; but information will ooze tution, has been established in Rome out. One Roman Catholic orgart, to give them a training in trades wishjn~ to make li~ht of the matter, and clerical pursuits."

declares that the result of the cir- A German Mission in the Balkan. cular may be regarded as one of the victories of the policy pursued by In 190~ a missionary alliance for Pius X, in that it has enabled the the evangelization of the mixt popu- Holy See to find out who among- lation of South East Europe (Bulthe Roman clergy are tainted with garians, Magyars, Servians, Gipsies, Modernist error. But there is an- Croats, Ruthenians, Slovaks, Slo": other side to the question. Rome venes, Montenegrins and Rumanis losin~ her choicest sons, those ians) was org-anized with .1,000 who stand for intelligence and cul- . members. Its headquarters is in ture and all that is spiritual. It is Kattowitz, in Prussian Silesia, a stru~gle of darkness and super- where there is a training- school for stition against the incoming of light. missionaries, with twenty-three in It is a determined fight for freedom attendance. The leader of this enof thought and liberty of conscience, terprise, Mr. Urban, who has been and there can be nO doubt as to the recently visiting the Balkans, de- clares that everywhere among these issue.-Episcopal Recorder. richly endowed people a deep thirst The Open Bible in Italy for the truth is noticeable. His first The Rev. N. W. Clark of Rome, efforts have been directed to the now on a vacation in this country, awakening- of the scattered German has recently said: churches, many of them three hun- "Protestantism is advancing in Italy, and it is advancing by the dred years old and sunk in deep sleep. These he hopes may become practise of giving the people the missionary churches among- their open Bible !" This had special refer- Slavic neighbors.

ence to the Bible Mission enterprise Buddhism in Europe -"The equipment of Italian Protes- tants on their return to Italy with Sonnen-Au/gang, a German mis- a supply of Bibles in the vernacular sionary magazine, graphically de- to be distributed by them as they scribes the progress of Buddhism see fit"; an enterprise of which in Europe. We thus learn that Bishop Burt has said: "With all my Buddhism, as all other non-Chris- heart I approve of this work of giv- tian religions, is making great prog- ing to the Italians returning to Italy ress there, and when we consider the Word of God in their own lan- that it found its first followers in ~uage. I t is not alone the people the Western countries only a few Who are interested, the interest of years ago, we must pronounce its the people, the laity, is shared by the progress astounding. In England it priests. Hardly a week passes with- is spreading surprizingly. Three out some Italian priest who has got years ago the Buddhist Society of hold of a Bible coming to me to in- Great Britain and Ireland was quire some means of release from founded in Rangoon, and the famous the Latin Church. Before I left authority on Buddhism, Prof. Rhys Rome I was in correspondence with Davids, was chosen its president.

more than fifty priests who are The society has met with such suc- ready to break away from the sys- cess that it has already branches in tem which has enslaved them for Liverpool and Edinburgh. Its pub- these years when the famine of the lication is the Buddhist Review Word has been sore in their land. (London, Luzac & Co.). Mrs. Hla

MISSIONARY

Oung-, in Rang-oon, has furnished in Europe), a short time ag-o. In it the statement was made that the means necessary for the erection Buddhist settlements are soon to be planted near Lausanne, in of a Home for Bhikku (mendi- Switzerland, and probably in the Italian province of Umbria. The cants) in Eng-land, while she sup- prog-ress of Buddhism in Hungary was also reported, and the fact was ports in her home city Buddhist stated that Subhadea Bhikshu's schools for 400 g-irls and 2S0 boys. Buddhist Catechism has been trans- In IgOO, Gordon Doug-las, an Eng- lated into H ung-arian and five edilishman, became a Buddhist monk. tions have been quickly sold. In He was followed a few years ag-o Hungary an effort has been made to by a Scotchman, Allan Bennet Mac- have Buddhism recog-nized officiallv Greg-or, who took the name of as a relig-ion, and thus get liberty Ananda Meteyya, and is now work- to teach it in the schools. But the ing- in Burma for the spread of Roman Catholic Church opposed the Buddhism. Another Scotchman, effort successfully. MacKechnie, for some time Mac- ISLANDS Greg-or's helper, has now g-one to Eng-land as Buddhistic missionary. Filipinos Pushing for Independence The first Buddhist mission wag started in Eng-land in the spring- of The London S pectatoY, one of 190B. To-day the Buddhist Society the most brilliant of the English has hundreds of Eng-lishmen as weeklies, recently contained an inmembers. Among- its vice-presi- teresting- parag-raphon the attitude dents are found the Earl of Mex- of the Filipinos to Americans. It boroug-h and the Prince of Sikkim. said: "The Filipinos believe, or pre- It is reported lately that interest tend to believe, that they are already for the mild relig-ion of the East is fit for self-g-overnment. They reincreasing in Eng-land so rapidly gard American administration with that the Buddhistic movement is ad- a certain superciliousness, and think vancing- marvelously. In Germany, they could manag-e thing-s better Karl Seidenstricker, of LeiDsic, themselves. The Americans are founded a magazine, Dey Buddhist, paying the price-the inevitable and org-anized the first Buddhist price-of doing their duty in edu- Society in Germany in IgOS. The cating- the natives. We, of course, society entered upon an ag-gressive are going through the same expericampaig-n with much ability. Later, a ence in India. Except in Manila, all second magazine, Die Buddhistische the municipal councils are in the Welt, was founded, which is now hands of the natives. But altho in the org-an of the German Pali So- the Legislature and judiciary and in ciety, which is located at Breslau. the public departments there are Its purpose, according to its consti- many native officials, the scheme of tution, is to aid and spread the g-overnment is so arrang-ed that the knowledge of Pali literature, and to natives have the semblance rather further the understanding- of the than the reality of power. Probsystem of Pali Buddhism and to ably one reason why the Americans spread it. The publisher, Walter do not command as much respect as they deserve is that the natives, born Markg-raf, in Breslau, is business to Spanish ceremonial and Spanish elaborateness of manner, have a manag-er of the Pali Society, and prejudice ag-ainst the great simpli- city and directness of democratic keeps a large assortment of Bud- habits. Democracy has, in fact, vio- lated something- very like caste. But dhistic writing of all kinds on hand.

In Switzerland, in Italy, and also in Hungary, Buddhism is also spreading. In Lug-ana a well-edited mag-azine, Coenobium, is published, which contained a g-ood article, "I!

Buddhismo" in Europa (Buddhism

tho ground has been lost by the nizing work. Deaconesses care for Americans, it is now being apprecia- the poor and sick. A Christian bly regained." Young Men's Association gives in- struction and guidance to the youth. Methodist Gains in the Philippines Methodist Mission in Java After a month's trip over the northern district, Philippine Islands, The Kaukab says: "Some years the Rev. Ernest S. Lyons writes: "I ago the board of foreign missions found eig-ht chapels under construc- of the M. E. Church began operation, and in four other places I se- tions in New Netherlands India by cured grants of land for new chapels, the members agreeing that if sending a man to Batavia, in Tava. we will furnish the iron roofs (costing from $.10 to $7.1 each) they will So successful has been the work do the remainder. We shall finish there, and so bri~ht is the outlook twenty chaDels on this district this among the Mohammedans of that year with less than $400 from the empire, that other men have been Board. I got small promises of self- sent, and now Sumatra is also ocsupport along the way amounting to cupied in one or two places. Up to something over $40 a month. There the present the W. F. M. S. has not are twelve circuits without men in followed the parent board in this charge because we have no money part of the world, but at its last sesfor the support of the men to take sion, the executive committee sent charge. We must leave these with for the credentials of Miss Ruth an occasional visit from the mission- Naomi, an American woman who ary until I can get more help."- has been working in connection with Episcopal Recorder. our work in .Tava, and on their re- ceipt, that society will formally ex- Christian Colonies in Java tend its operations to those islands of the sea. The Netherlands Missionary Society is founding colonies of Chris- An Uprising in the Caroline Islands tians in .Tava and Sumatra similar to the Protestant barrios of the Philip- A newspaper dispatch reports that pines. The most successful is Pang- the natives in Ponape have rebelled harepan, established in r886, as a against the German authorities and Christian center, in a densely Mo- have murdered four Europeans and hammedan region. The Govern- five friendly natives. The missionment granted a large tract of uncul- aries of the American Board were tivated land to the mission. Rice withdrawn from the Carolines five or fields and plantations of coffee, six years ago, and were succeeded by cocoa, pepper and tea are in full op- Germans. The natives have been diseration. All the colonists bind satisfied with German rule and have themselves to work in the common several times threatened rebelIion. mission gardens as well as in their own. The impression which the OBITUARY NOTES colony makes is admirable. The plantations are cleanly and wiselv Rev. Samuel McFarlane worked. Church, three schools, the mission house and the homes of the Rev. Dr. Samuel McFarlane, a Christians are solidly built and at- pioneer of the London Missionary Sotractively neat. The life of the ciety in New Guinea, died on Friday, colony is ordered on Christian prin- February I7, at the age of seventyciples. Christian elders assist the three. He exercised great influence missionary in administration. A both in the mission field and at home. Chinese overseer, "a .iewel of a Half a century ago he sailed in the Christian," superintends the colo- John Williams, to Lifu, in the South Seas, and carried on there a training institution for native teachers. Mrs. McFarlane instructed their wives. When the French authorities inter-

MISSIONARY

rupted this work in 1871, Dr. McFar- with the Bombay Presidency. With lane left for New Guinea, and started her husband in the early days of pioneer work among the cannibals. her marriage she founded the Indus- Many people have read his books, trial School and village at Sharanpur, "Among the Cannibals" and "The near N asik; later in life, when her Story of the Lifu Mission," and realize children no longer needed her atten- the heroism which he and his wife tion, she again gave herself to work brought to the perilous work in New for her country, and before her death Guinea. Dr. McFarlane retired from she had founded five schools and left the foreign work in 1887, but gave them, in handsome buildings of their vigorous and effective help to Mis- own, to those who were capable of sionary interest at home until his carrying on the work she had initiated.

strength failed. She perfected everything to which she Herbert M. Allen and Constantinople put her hand, and all in the silence of loving service, seeking no reward. News of the death at Constantinople of the Rev. Herbert M. Allen, But more than educational institua missionary of the American Board tions is the memory of a great perof Commissioners for Foreign Mis- sonality which she has left behind her. sions, was received on January 25. She seemed to combine much that was best in East and West. Spirituality, Mr. Allen was a son of the Rev. devotion and the power of self-sacri- Orson P. Allen, one of the early mis- fice, the great gift of loving tact and sionaries of the American Board in insight and sympathy-all these were Turkey, and was born at Harpoot, hers in no smalI measure; and to Turkey, in 1865. After being gradu- these she added western ideals of ated from Williams College in 1888 honor and duty and the service of and the Bangor Theological Seminary others, of efficiency and the joy of in 1893, he returned to Turkey. His work, with the purity of heart and first station was at Van, where he did the simplicity of faith of a little child. effective relief work after the Armen- ian massacres of 1895. Recently he Miss Duryea of China has been working in Constantinople, Miss Alice Duryea, the daughter of and among other services has edited William Rankin Duryea, and a mis- The Orient, an English paper pub- sionary to China, committed suicide lished in Constantinople to keep by leaping overboard from the steamfriends of Turkey informed of events ship Manchuria while temporarily inin the empire. sane and returning to America from Dr. Martin N. Wyckoff of Japan the mission field.

A cablegram announces the sad Miss Duryea was a graduate of Smith College and had been a misfact that Dr. Martin N. Wyckoff, who sionary in China for about seven years succeeded W. E. Griffis at Fukui, as a self-supporting representative of Echizen, in 1871, and who had given unremitting service to the Japanese the North Reformed Church of Newfor forty years, has gone to his rest. ark. She was a beautiful Christian His modest, winning ways served to character.

uplift the young men among whom he Senior Missionary A. Kropf, D.O. worked. He was sent out by the Reformed Church of America. The news has reached Berlin that Missionary A. Kropf, D.D., died in Mrs. Sorabji of India Bethel, near Stutterheim, in Kaffraria, At Nasik, on October 24, Mrs. Africa, on December 20, 1910. He Sorabji, .widow of the Rev. Sorabji was the senior missionary of the great Kharsedji, passed away, in her seventy- Berlin Missionary Society, having la- sixth year. She was loved of many in bored among the Amaxosa people for England and India, and her name as sixty-five years. Surely, he labored an educationist will long be connected faithfully throughout long years. Missionary Fenchel fro:n. the old-established missionary The Rhenish Missionary Society re- sOClet1es, and they founded the Indian ports with much sorrow that one of its most diligent and successful laborers, Home Mission Society to the San- Missionary Fenchel, of Keetmanshof, in German Southwest Africa, died thals in 1867. After many financial very unexpectedly in the beginning of December, 19IO. He was much be- difficulties and severe struggles, the loved by the Namas, among whom he preached the Gospel with great con- Lord raised up friends in England, secration and zeal. Scotland, Denmark and Norway, and Lars Skrefsrud. of India they labored on in faith. The thorough On December II, 1910, Lars Skrefsrud, one of the two organizers work was abundantly blest, so that the of the Indian Home Mission to the Santhals, died in Rampore Haut, number of Santhal Christians is more Province of Bengal, in India. Born in Norway in 1840, the son of pious than 13,500 to-day. Borresen died in Christian parents, Skrefsrud became so wayward that he finally found him- I90r. He had been the executive head self a prisoner in Christiania. Two years and one-half he spent in prison, of the work, but the Lord enabled and during that time was soundly converted, so that he decided to conse- Skrefsrud to continue the work as crate himself to the service of the Master, among the heathen at the ex- sole trustee and manager. In 190 5 piration of the prison term. When he was discharged, he offered himself the Bethel Santhal Mission, founded to the Committee of the Norwegian Missionary Society for training for by Pastor A. Haegert in 1875, was missionary work in Africa. But its members refused to grant the applica- merged into the Indian Home Mistion of a man who had been released from prison only a short time ago. sion to the Santhals, and the work Skrefsrud then made application to the Gossner Missionary Society in which had an annual income of about Berlin, and Father Gossner had confidence in the earnest Norwegian, and $40,000, was again extended. Now received him into the missionary home. There he became acquainted with the Skrefsrud has followed his beloved Dane, Borresen, and both went out to India, determined to labor together colleague, Borresen, in death. Both in the vineyard of the Master. The Committee of the Gossner Missionary were most impressive and eloquent Society, however, decided to place them in different parts, but they were preachers of the Gospel, upon whose so opposed to separation that they rather left the service of the society lips the Santhals hung. Both were which had sent them out. Twice they made applications to the Committee of equally beloved. But Borresen had the the Danish Missionary Society, but greater executive ability, while Skrefswhen it refused to accept their services, they decided that the Lord rud was a linguist of great ability and wanted them to remain independent learning. The work commenced by them will not cease with the death of Skrefsrud.

GENERAL The Statistical Tables-Correction By an unfortunate error in record- ing the income of the China Inland Mission, as given in our Statistical Tables (January REVIEW), the con- tribution in dollars was read as pounds sterling, and was therefore multiplied by five. The correct figures are £70,- 919, of $354,595.

Donations Received No. 395 Fa~ine SU~7reTs China …….. $ 5.00 " 396 .. …….. 5.00 " 397 .. 4.00 " 398 u 399 1.00 " 400 10.00 " 401 5.00 u 402 10.00 " 403 u " u 5.00 " 404 5.00 " 406 Boys' School, Urumia, P~~s'i~:::: 36.00 " 407 u 408 " 14 " " 100.00 u 409 Famine Sufferers China …. :::: 5.50 " 410 BRYs' Sc~ooI, Ur~mia, P~rsia …. 50.00 .. 411 .. 412 10.00 .. 413 3.00 .. 414 25.00 .. 415 10.00 .. 416 1.00 15.00 20.00 10.00

THE MISSIONARY

SKETCHES l'ROM THE KAREN HILLS. By p~rstitions an~ religious beliefs, Rev. Alonzo Bunker, D.D. 12mo. ~Iz.ardry and wItchcraft-and gives a vlvld concepton of the difficulties of 215 pp. $1.00. Fleming H. Revell the missionary's task. There is, how- Co., 1910. ever, much more to be told of the The triumphs of the Gospel among the Karens of Burma forms one of course of the conflict and of the the most stirring stories of modern achievement of the spiritual victories missions. Dr. Bunker is a missionary whi~h are epitomized in the last chapof the American Baptist Foreign Mis- ~er m a very modest statement regardsion Society, and is familiar with the mg the young Christian Church now thrilling experiences of the early and established. Not the least important later missionaries, and he gives us in featu~e ?f this very interesting volthis volume a series of sketches aescriptive of the heroic men and deeds um.e IS lts excellence of illustration. that made the history of the Karen It IS a book alike for students of mis- Mission. sions and sociology, and for the casual . Dr. Bunker's stories and descrip- reader who loves tales of adventure tIons are strong and clear; they appeal to human interest, and awaken and achievement, which are in this sympathy; they show the Christlike case the outgrowth of a heroic mis- sionary consecration.

purpose of the men, and the value of AGAIN~T THE CURRENT. By Edward A. their work. The adventures of ex- Stem~r. 12mo. 230 pp. $1.25 net. ploration and pioneer work, stories of FlemIng H. Revell Co., 1910. child life, encounters with wild beasts and witches, miracles of Providence Professor Steiner is well known, not and Gospel triumphs, make up a book only ~s an authority on the immigrant questIOn, but as an immigrant him- of unusual interest for old and young. self and a man on fire with a passion f~r the uplift of the immigrant. In "AN UNKNOWN PEOPLE IN AN UNKN<)WN' LAND." By W. Barbrooke Grubb. hIS present volume he gives us six 16s, net. Seeley & Co., London, 1910. chapters f.rom his. own complex life, This is a most interesting and fas- fro~ the tIme of hIS early recollections cinating volume of missionary life and ~mld the Carpathians, to his awakenwork. Altho it deals not so much with the directly spiritual work of mg, and some of his many experiences the writer, it is obviously intended as a preparation for a further volume Jew and observations relating to rich and on the wonderful development of that side of the work. It records the early poor, and Gentile, in Europe and Amenca. Professor Steiner is a destruggles and victories of the pioneer !ightful writer, and has a keen insight worker among that little known mto men.. He se~ks reali.ty~ sympathy, people, the Chaco Indians of South progress III practIcal ChnstIan sociolo- America, and is full of the experiences and adventures of one who is gy. These chapters help us better to both a pioneer missionary and an ex- ~nderstand the man and his views of plorer. In the last twenty years Mr. hfe. Professor ~teiner himself says Grubb has penetrated into the heart of that they are wntten for those interthe Indian fastnesses, and become himself the greatest living authority ested in race psychology, for those who look for evidence of the unity of the human race and for those who wish to help solve the problems of every race.

regarding those peoples. In this vol- DAVE RANNEY. An autobiography. 12mo. 205 pp. 7~ cents net. The American ume the early years of his work among the ~enguas is described in interesting Tract Society, New York, 1910.

d~tall, and one who begins to read will to Life on atsheunBfaomwielriyar,isaassliwfeildi~ and wIsh to finish the fascinating story. It many, the deals with almost every concl::~vable heart of Africa. Here is a story of a side of the life of those primitive man who lived on the Bowery, New tribes-their arts and industries, su- York, and for many years has been a missionary of the New York City who were only privileged to know him Mission and Tract Society. His story in his private life as a prominent sershows the power of God to lift up and vant of God. It is not too much to regenerate the fallen. It is a simple say that all such will love and veneexample of the modern miracles of rate him more than ever, as a result conversion. Dave Ranney was born in Hudson City, N. J., with a good of reading these pages. This volume Christian mother, but he fell through will do much to keep burning the flame love for drink, and lived for many years in sin and crime. He is one of missionary zeal in many a heart, of those who has spent the latter and to kindle it where as yet it has years of his life seeking to undo the been unlighted. evil of his early days. Dave Ranney is another of the "Twice Born Men" NEW BOOKS who is helping to bring other men into life and light. HIS'rORY OF THE SYRIAN NATION AND THE OLD EVANGELICAL-ApOSTOLIC CHURCH OF DOWN TO THE SEA. By Wilfred T. Gren- THE EAS'r. From Remote Antiquity fell. 12mo. 226 pp. $1.00 net. to the Present Time By Prof. George Fleming H. Revell, 1910. David Malech. lIIustrated. 8vo, 449 pp. $2.50. Augsburg Pnb. House, These yarns from the Labrador, by Minneapolis, Minn., 1911. a well-known, honored and beloved medical missionary, will be eagerly ISLAM LANDS. Mr. Shoemaker. Illusread and greatly enjoyed by his hosts trated. $2.50. G. P. Putnam's Sons, of friends and admirers. The stories N ew York, 1911. are full of life and adventure, humor and pathos. It is an excellent volume THE UNOCCUPIED FIELDS OF AFRICA AND with which to awaken missionary in- ASIA. By Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, terest in men. D.D. Student Volunteer Movement, 125 East 27th Street, New Yark, 1911. JOHN G. PATON'S "LATF.R YEA.RS AND FARE- WELL." 3s, 6d. Messrs. Hodder & OUT AND ABOUT IN THE SUDAN. Five Stoughton, London, 1910. Years in the Sudan. By. Edward Fothergill. 16s, net. Hurst & Black- Anything about John Paton at once ett, London, 1910. claims the attention of all who are interested in missions. Very few men TRAMPS IN DARK MONGOLIA. By John have been used as he was, to draw out Hedley. 12s, 6d, net. T. Fisher Unthe affection and sympathy of Chris- win, London, 1911. tians everywhere toward the work of preaching Christ where he is not JOHN G. PA'rON. Later Years and Fareknown. The inscription of this pres- well. A sequel to "John G. Paton"- ent volume, which describes him as An Autobiography. By A. K. Lanthe one "Than whom Scotland never gridge and Frank H. L. Paton. Inhad a braver son, nor mortal man a troduction by Lord Kinnaird. 286 pp. truer friend" is no exaggeration, for $1.25. George H. Doran Co., New of all the great missionary personal- York, 1911. ities of the last century, he will ever remain most conspicuous. This vol- THE KINGDOM WITHOUT FRONTIERS. By ume is concerned entirely with the Thomas Moscrop. 3s, 6d, net. Robclosing years of his life, in which his ert Culley, 26 Paternoster Row, E. C., labors were not less abundant than London, 1911. when as a young man he went out to the New Hebrides with magnificent INDIAN IDYLLS. By Austice Abbott faith and heroism. It crmtains many (Elliott Stock). 3s, 6d, net. glimpses of his home life, and is, in reality, an intimah: sketch drawn by ON TRAIL AND RAPID BY DOG-SLED AND loving hands for the benefit of those CANOE. The Story of Bishop Bom- pas's Life Among the Red Indians and Eskimo. Told for Boys and Girls. By Rev. H. A. Cody, M.A.

Illustrated. 203 pp. J. P. Lippin- cott Co., Philadelphia, 1911.

I MMIGRANT RACES IN NORTH AMERICA. By Peter Roberts, Ph.D. $.50. Y. M. C. A. Press, New York, 1911.

TWICE BORN SOULS. By the Rev. Claud Field, M.A. Is, net. Chas. J. Thynne, London, 1911.

A PRAYER BEFORE THE LESSON. For suner- intendents and teachers in the Sun- day-school and in the quiet hour at home. By Philip E. Howard. 16mo. 153 pp. 50 cents. Sunday School Times Co., Philadelphia. 1<;)11.