The Missionary Review of the World — November 1915

A ViEW OF MUSCAT- ONE OF THE D001{S TO

MISSIONA~Y fIRES 1. The worst massacre of Christians that has taken place in the last thou- sand years is now going on in Asiatic Turkey. Who is responsible? The American Government has protested. What next? (See page 841.) 2. There are hundreds of thousands of Indians in South America to whom the message of Christ has never been presented in any form. These constitute an appealing field for missionary effort. (See page 809.) 3. The Christian workers at the Panama-Pacific Exposition are conducting a night-school and using other means to prepare the 1,500 young women employees for work when the Exposition closes. (See page 831.) 4. The Armenians are people whose history goes back 4,000 years. They occupied Asia Minor long before the Turk. Their church dates back to apostolic times. Why are they being exterminated? (See page 845.) :J. Over one hundred Latin-American students were entertained at the sum- mer conferences of the North American Student Movement last June, and many went away with new Christian life-purposes that promise much for their respective countries. (See page 817.) 6. A Christian professor in a government normal college in Japan has been asked to give a course of 30 lectures on Christianity. (See page 851.) 7. Mr. Sherwood Eddy has started for India to conduct student evangelistic meetings in India, similar to those among Chinese students which have been productive of such great results. (See page 808.) 8. A worker in Buenos Aires asked the first twenty men whom he met on the street what they knew of the Bible. They represented six nation- alities, and fifteen of them knew nothing whatever about the Bible, while only three had read any portion of it. (See page 864.) 9. The Protestant Episcopal Church Board of Missions has not only secured its desired Emergency Fund of $375,000 by the "one day's income" plan, but has obtained $20,000 more than the usual gifts on the regular apportionment. (See page 866.) 10. The faith of many of the younger Mormons in their religion and its founder has been shaken by the statement of Egyptologists that certain documents which they had reverenced as the writings of Abraham are among the most common of Egyptian antiquities.

11. The Bible is being used as a text-book in several Chinese government schools, and in India is considered by many British officials the most valuable ally of the Government in carrying out their high aims for the people. (See page 872.) 12. The Buddhist scandals in Japan, involving the misappropriation by the priests of hundreds of thousands of dollars, are leading many thoughtful Japanese to renounce Buddhism and to study and accept Christianity. :Muscat is on the Penian (~111f and is one of the stations of the Arabian 1Iission of th e Ue formed Church in Arabia MI "IIlIII-RY E IE OF THE WORLD Vol. XXXVIII, No. 11 NOVEMBER, 1915 Vol. XXVIII, No. 11 Old Series New Series 111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111 111111 'I~ 11 ,SIGNS·OFvTHEvTIMES mJ~ 11111111111111111111111111111 N CAlLS TO PRAYER In Mexico, tho there is talk of EVER have there been more ur- recognizing General Carranza, there gent and incessant calls to sac- still seems small hope for permanent rificial prayer, service, and giving peace through any of the contending than there are to-day. forces. All of the leaders are in- efficient and self-seeking. The coun- In Europe, Asia, and Africa there try is being desolated, and the outare the millions of struggling, dying look for good government is dark. men giving their lives fan what they It is time to pray that God's solution believe to be the call of duty and hu- of the problem may be discovered and manity-some of them believe they followed. are answering the caIl of God. There are the physicians and nurses caring In China, the hoped-for reforms for the wounded, and the chaplains under the republic have been only and other Christian workers distribu- slightly successful. A new conventing Testaments and booklets to those tion is to be called early next year to in trenches, hospitals, arid prison- decide the question as to whether camps. These are unusual oppor- China' shall or shall not return to .a tunities which are bringing rich re- monarchy. sults in conversions. :There are the appeals from Persia and Turkey for In India there is native unrest, and the intervention of God and for hu- German missions are almost at a man help to relieve the distress of standstilI through the internment of widows, orphans,. and other destitute those in charge of the work. Africa thousands. is, in many parts, a battle ground, when~ the natives see their white The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spiri,t of Christ in th~ pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by contributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITOIlS.

masters engaged in deadly combat. even where the Church, as in Chile Pray also for Africa. and Argentina, is still subsidized in a measure by the State. The mixing of North America is entering on its the Church in politics is increasingly. winter campaigns-commercial, poli- resented. In Uruguay there is practical, religious. The Laymen's Mis- tical separation of Church and State. sionary Movement has recently opened its national campaign in Chi- 3. The distribution of the Bible is increasing in spite of the keen oppocago and is to hold meetings in 75 sition of the Catholic Church lead- ers. Penzotti was imprisoned in Peru centers to arouse the men of the for its sale. When told he would be church to their responsibility in the released if he ceased to sell and world-wide work of Christ. Their preach the Word, he said that his call to prayer is for the guidance and bones would rot first in prison. In power of the Holy Spirit, for the some places in South America, where Mission Boards and their officers, for the opposition was formerly strongthe speakers and other workers, for est, the Catholic Church is now even the delegates and the churches, for a encouraging the sale of the Book. In deepening of spiritual life and a more Brazil Protestant missions are called earnest spirit of prayer at home and Bible churches. In Bolivia, as in abroad. "The neglect of prayer by some places in the interior of Brazil, the church at home means defeat at the Roman Church, and officials unthe front of battle," says Robert E. der its influence, still seriously ham- Speer. per the circulation of Scriptures by Bible Society colporteurs. In 1914 RELIGIOUS ADVANCE IN SOUTH the two Bible Societies circulated 388,807 Scriptures. AMERICA 4. A growing democracy. South AFTER the long night of four hun- America for years has been ruled by an oligarchy, a professional class dred years of misrule and re- which has fattened off. political conligious intolerance and superstition in trol, while the mass of the people South America there is the flush of have suffered. Argentina is leading the dawn of a new day. the way to better things by a law re- quiring all citizens to exercise voting 1. Substantial religious freedom is privileges, and by a large Socialistic nearly continent-wide. While in Peru party which is demanding accounta- Protestant worship can not be ad- bility of office-holders to the people. vertised, services are not disturbed. A Socialist demonstration of 15,000 In the interior towns of some of occurred last March at Buenos Aires. these countries there are still some evidences of opposition and persecu- 5. The upper classes are being tion. In Bolivia, while there is a statutory grant of religious liberty, reached for Christ. Evangelical misthe enforcement of the law is lack- sions began among the poor, and until ing, and Christians suffer boycott and opposition, both open and secret. recently no statesmanlike effort ha5 been made to reach the waiting edu- 2. There is a growing 0IJPosition cated and wealthy class, in which the to union of Church and State in nearly every South American country; this growth of opposition is evident

OF THE

men are indifferent to the dominant Protestant Church, young people are Church. In Chile and Uruguay some meeting for games and social purnotable men have been reached, and poses under wholesome conditions. with better church-buildings and Physical exercise has been recently more educated native preachers, this introduced for the first time at Rio movement will become more pro- de Janeiro by the joint effort of Rev. nounced. The educated men are H. C. Tucker, of the Brazil Sundayawaiting a leader to crystallize this School Union, and the American growing sentiment toward a Protes- Bible Society, and the Y. M. C. A. tant form of worship. In Brazil The new public-school plans at Rio Rev. Alvaro Reis is such a leader. call for gymnasium and playgrounds. In Buenos Aires, during the last 6. New ideals for social service year, the first set of Spaulding apare being developed. The educa- paratus has been introduced for tional aim for boys has been profes- school exercises. sional and political life; for girls, preparation for marriage. Education 8. The literature is being purified. for useful service to the community At the source of much of South and State has been neglected. In Ar- America's impurity will be found a gentina, for the first time, the social vile literature from French and Spanpurposes of education are now being ish sources. This is publicly vended. emphasized by Dr. Nelson, Super- and vilely illustrated and open to intendent of Secondary Education view, and purchased by boys and for the State. His book on this sub- young men in all the South American ject is the first native contribution to cItIes. Quite recently, La N acional, this theme, and is to be followed by at Buenos Aires introduced a cheap others. library in Spanish, composed of best literature from all sources, and this In Mr. Morris's philanthropic is being vigorously pushed into cirschools at Buenos Aires an educa- culation. American publishers are tional example has been set in the aiso circulating reprints in Spanish remarkable results of industrial edu- of choice literature. Such books as cation of the poor and in the spirit Smikys' "Self-Help" are having a of service to the home, community, good sale. and state. Over five thousand are gathered in these schools. Several 9. Christian education is developing sets of clothing are given annually to sympathy. Gradually the results of the children who are too poor to be education through Christian Protesadmitted to the public schools. It is tant institutions is being manifest in clear salvage work of the most im- the conversion of parents, in a new pressive kind. sympathy for Protestant work, and in the gradual preparation of a lead- 7. The new emphasis on social ership. The quality of the native and physical recreation. Spanish so- leadership needs toning, and plans cial standards have practically shut are being pushed with increasing sucout young people from social ac- cess by the Y. M. C. A. to enlist quaintance excepting as chaperoned, young men in the university life. and from physical exercise. Gradu- Such Christian institutions as the ally, through the influence of the

.Anglo-American colleges in Bolivia win a continent.-FR,ANK L. BROWN, are having marked influence through Secretary of the World's Sundaythe high-grade character output of school Association. the graduates. The Mackenzie College at Sao Paulo, Brazil, the Meth- RENEWED INTEREST IN MISSIONS odist Girls' Schools at Rosario, Ar- TO MOSLEMS gentine, and Santiago, Chile, are instances of institutions having a MASSACRES and other efforts to strong influence. As moral educa- blot out the Christian races of tion receives a higher rating in South America, Christian institutions will Persia and Asia Minor have aroused assume positions of leadership. corresponding truly Christian inter- est in the welfare of these peoples 10. Evangelistic preaching meets and in the need for the conversion of with marked success. This is notable Mohammedans to Jesus Christ, the in the Methodist and Presbyterian Savior from sin, and the Prince of work of the West Coast, also in the Peace. A remarkable meeting was mission work in such places as Ro- held in New York on October 1st in sario •in Argentine, and under the the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian preaching of Rev. Alvaro Reis in Church under the auspices of the Rio, Brazil. The Latin temperament American Christian Literature Somakes this a fruitful line of ap- ciety for Moslems (Interdenominaproach, and mass movements may tional). In spite of a downpour of easily result from the Gospel appeal rain that ~ould have dampened the by consecrated men. ardor of most congregations, two thousand people gathered to listen to I I. The Sunday-school opportu- an address by Dr. Samuel M. Zwenity. The welcome given in all the mer of Cairo, on "The Present Crisis native churches in the recent Sunday- in the Moslem World." This masschool tour of South America was terful address, which will appear submarked by large gatherings, a friend- sequently in the REVIEW, set forth ly spirit and an eagerness for help in the need of. Mohammedans for the making the Sunday-school efficient Gospel revealed by Jesus Christ, the as an educational and evangelis- natural products of Islam as seen in tic instrument. Rev. George P. the present massacres, the great pr.es- Howard, born in South America, an ent opportunity of reaching these educated Sunday-school enthusiast millions of Arabic-speaking peoples and a fine Spanish linguist, has been with the truth through the printed appointed the Sunday-school secre- page. The close of the present war tary fot South America by the will almost certainly mean the open- World's Sunday-school Association, ing of the Mohammedan world to to act under a committee of the Mis- Christian influence as never before. sions doing work in South America. This seems to be the last st~uggle of He is preparing himself to lead a a dying religion which appeals to continent-wide Sunday-school move- force of arms and edicts for support ment, to develop a better literature, rather than to the truth of its creed and to utilize the Sunday-school as and the character of its adherents. the most widely effective agency to The Dardanelles have not yet been

OF THE TIMES

forced; and Bulgaria's entrance into west. After the breaking-out of the the affray may delay the final out- war the Armenian revolutionists of come of the struggle. Constantinople Van joined the Russians, and those has not yet fallen. Some of the mis- at the Mediterranean Sea conspired sionaries have thought it best to also against the government. The send away wives and children from consequence of this is slaughter in the scene of turmoil, but the large the north and deportation by force majority of this advance guard of from the southwest and, of course, Christianity remain at their posts to great misery of the innocent. To help render what aid they can to those in this, the mission (the German ,Aid dire distress, and to prove by their Society) is doing its best. The guilt sacrificial lives the reality of the love of the one and the misfortune of the and power of Christ. other <;loes not make, it very easy for oTHE PLIGHT OF THE ARMENIANS the German Mission. And yet it is N another page will be found the her work to be the peacemaker among the nations of the Turkish story of the wholesale massacre government wherever possible. It is and deportation of Armenians by also reported that Germany has pro- order of the Turkish government. tested against the massacres.

Whoever is responsible for this das- The article on another page also tardly deed must expect to pay a tells the main facts about the Ar-'

heavy penalty when God's time of menian people-their long history, reckoning comes. It is said, on good their racial characteristics, and their authority, that when the American religious beliefs. Their church dates Ambassador, Mr. Morgenthau, asked back to apostolic days, and while, the German Ambassador to use his like most of the ancient historic influence to stop the wholesale mur- churches, its early beliefs have be- der, the latter replied: "I can not; come mixed with error and its life these people should have been elimi- has become formal and lax, still this nated long ago." In any. case, it is church has kept alive a belief in God useless to deny the established fact and is sympathetic toward Christ and of the massacres, and Germany must the Bible. It is among them that bear a heavy responsibility for not most of the work of the American intervening to stop such butcheries missions has been carried on for al- by her Moslem ally. most a century.

The German viewpoint is given in It is reported that 800,000, or one- the August number of Sonnenauf- half of the Armenians in Eastern gang (Frankfort, Germany), which Turkey, have been killed, deport- says: "After the constitution of rgo8 ed, kidnapped, or have died as a re- hope arose in the hearts of the Arme- sult of the Turkish cruelty. Those nians. Therefore the slaughter of destroyed and deported include the I909 made the despair the worse. most able and intelligent leaders in Russia incites the Armenians and the Protestant and Gregorian church- Kurds in the province of Van; Eng- es; the pastors and teachers, the land and France arouse hopes lawyers and merchants. Whole mis- among the Armenians of the south- sion-schools and colleges have been

almost or' quite depopulated; churches day extreme urgency that the cam- have been burned and villages laid paign be earnestly pushed to win the '

waste. Some of the Armenians in coming generation to Christ. Dr.

the Van district have escaped to Rus- Samuel M. Zwemer gave a convinc- sia; some 5,000 or more others in ing appeal for the eighty millions of Southern Asia Minor have found Moslem children, who have no mod- refuge in Egypt. Rev. Stephen Van ern schools, no uplifting home train- R. Trowbridge, formerly a mission- ing, no pure literature, and no right ary in Aintab, Turkey, and now a idea of God. Mohammed could not representative of the World's Sun- have said: "Suffer the little ~hildren day··School Association in Cairo, has to come unto me for of such is the appealed for immediate help for these kingdom of Islam," for Mohammed's destitute sufferers. life, his home, his heaven were such It is gratifying that the American as would blight the purity of child- Government, that failed to protest hood.

against the invasion and despolia- It is to reach the millions of neg- tion of Belgium, has protested against lected children in Moslem lands, in this unprovoked and inexcusable India, in Africa, in China, in South murder of innocents. Americans America, and in Japan, that the have sent money for Belgian relief, World's Sunday-school Association for Persian relief, and are now for- is working to-day. Mr. Frank L.

warding funds for the Armenian suf- Brown is the secretary in N ew York ferers. If steps are not taken soon and Rev. Carey Bonner in London.

to end these atrocities there will be no Armenians left to relieve. Tho A CHANGE OF TACTICS IN INDIA many of them may not be Chris- HITHERTO the missionary work tians of an evangelical type, they are, in India has almost necessarily nevertheless, suffering because they are Christians in name and not Mos- been confined largely to the lower lems. castes and outcastes. These people have been more ready to accept WOR,LD.WIDE WORK FOR CHIL· Christianity and have come in such DREN numbers that the time and strength of the missionaries has been over- THE World's Sunday-school As- taxed to instruct them. Now, 11OW- sociation, which includes the ever, more systematic effort is being world in its field and all Protestant made to reach the higher castes and Christian denominations in its mem- educated classes, and from them to bership, is made up of over 24,000 recruit leaders.

Sunday-schools with 27,000,000 pu- Mr. Sherwood Eddy, whose work pils. It was founded in London in among the students and higher I 88g, and has since spread to all classes in China has been so greatly parts of the world. At a dinner in blest, sailed last August for India New York, given by Mr. H. J. to conduct there a series of union Heinz, chairman of the Executive evangelistic services. First, he is Committee, Dr. John R. Matt ex- holding training conferences for pas- prest his conviction that there is to- tors, catechists, teachers, and other

Christian workers in South India. RECRUITS FOR THE FRONT These conferences are in preparation for the effort to win the middle I N spite of the unrest in the world, and upper classes to Christ's standard. The Church has been prepared and the danger of travel on the for this work in a remarkable way, sea; in spite of the financial depresand there is, in India, a great spirit sion that has curtailed the income of of prayer and expectation. All the many Christian givers; in spite of Presbyterian and Reformed churches the uncertainty as to the outcome of in South India are uniting in the the great war, missionaries continue movement. to leave England and America to carry the Gospel to those in non- A second part of Mr. Eddy's pro- Christian lands. gram is to break through the serried ranks of caste in the colleges of In- In London recently, the Church dia. Few of the Brahmins and high- Missionary Society held a farewell caste students have been touched by meeting to bid Godspeed to 148 misthe Christian message. The mass sionaries, 40 of whom were going movements have been wholly among out for the first time. the lower and outcaste classes. But the Gospel of Christ is the power of God A remarkable report of the largest unto Salvation unto every one-in- party of missionaries that ever sailed cluding the Brahmin-that believeth. for their field on one steamer, comes Has not the time come to prove from Mr. Mason Olcott, a Princeton this true? Mr. Eddy is holding honor-man, who recently left his meetings for thousands of these high- home of culture in New York to' caste Hindus who are attending the serve in Veliore, India. Mr. Olcott Christian colleges-and others in the writes of 140 mISSIOnaries who large cities. Only God can achieve sailed from San Francisco on the the desired results-but He can and S.s. Mongolia on August 25th. Of will, in response to believing prayer these, 84 were bound for China, 23 and faithful witnessing. The dates for Japan, 14 for India, 8 for Korea, are as follows: South India, Con- 5 for Siam, I for Burma, and I for ferences-September 16th to 30th; the Philippines. They were going South India, evangelistic campaigns out to engage in many lines of ser- (Bangalore, Vellore, Madura, Pala- vice-Evangelistic, educational, medimacottah)-November 1st to 18th; cal, nursing, executive, orphanages, North India, evangelistic campaigns Y. W. C. A. and Y. M. C. A.-under (Ahmednagar, Delhi, Agra, Luck- r6 different denominations and other now,' Calcutta, and special colleges) religious organizations. The return- -November 22d to December 25th. ing missionaries had already served a total of 739 years. Who can foretell Mr. Eddy expects to arrive back in what sacrifice and joyful service may America on February I, 1916. He be in store for the 80 new missionasks for prayers of Christians at anes. home, as he engages in the work which is the most difficult. he has The difficulty and danger of presever attempted. ent-day travel is indicated by the re- cent experience of a party of 32 mis- sionaries who sailed from America for Egypt and the East on the Greek

steamer Athinai. The vessel took The United States Government fire in mid-ocean and burned fiercely. has submitted the following ten-year A wireless call brought help, and the program to the new Haitian Presipassengers were safely transferred to dent, General Dartiguenave, with the the Tuscania, which brought them request that he sign it promptly: back to New York. Nothing daunted, the missionaries, in spite of the "1. A Haitian receivership of cusloss of their goods, were soon headed toms shall be established, under Ameriagain for their fields of service. can control. ' They were not, like Jonah, fleeing from the Lord's work, but, like the "2. A native Haitian rural and civic apostle Paul, were not to be hin- constabulary is to be established under dered by adversaries and obstacles. the command of American officers.

CHANGES IN HAITI "3. Through its customs-control the United States shall govern absolutely all LIBERTY is not synonymous with expenditure of public moneys to the ex- independence. Small, weak na- tent necessary to prevent speculation and safeguard the interests of the tions that are unable to preserve sta- American people. ble governments or to protect life and property seem destined to come "4. Haiti shall cede no portion of" under the control of stronger na- her territory to any nation other than tions. A friendly power may con- the United States of America. trol a smaller nation to the great advantage of the latter. Already Porto "5. All revolutionary forces are to Rico is reaping the benefits of be disarmed. American 'administration, and Hawaii and the" Philippines are in much Secretary Lansing refers to the armore prosperous and enlightened rangement as a "protectorate," and conditio~ than they would be if self- says: government were attempted. "We have only one purpose-that is, After years of turmoil and pere- to help the Haitian people and prevent nial revolutions in Haiti the Ameri- them from being exploited by irresponcan Government has found it neces- sible revolutionists. These are not propsary to establish, for a time at least, erly revolutions; they are unorganized a protectorate over the "Black Re- enterprises which invoke no question of public" of the West Indies. There principle, and they are ruining the is no doubt that the little republic country. While they are in progress needs the strong hand of a big people are starving in the streets of Port brother to put an end to the internal au "Prince because they call not secure conflicts, the graft, and political tur- the supplies of food which abound in the moil. The small boy may not relish country. Things have been going from the discipline and restraint, but the bad to worse, and something must be friends and neighbors will appre- done. The United States Government ciate it. Mexico would profit by a has no purpose of aggression and is ensimilar arrangement, but is so large tirely disinterested in promoting this that she should be expected to govern protectorate." herself. The only Protestant missions in Haiti are those of the Protestant Episcopal Church and of the colored branches of the Methodists and Bap- tists.

EVENTS

Novemher 2d to 5th-Medical Missionary Conference, Battle Creek, Mich. 3d to 5th, 7th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Wichita, Kan. 3d to 5th, 7th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Baltimore, Md. 7th to lOth-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Philadelphia, Pa. 7th to 10th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Mitchell, S. Dak. 10th to 12th, 14th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Milwaukee, Wis. 10th to 12th, 14th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Portland, Me. 14th to 17th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Boston, Mass. 14th to 17th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Cincinnati, O. 16th-Provincial Synod Protestant Episcopal Church, Richmond, Va. 16th to 19th-Conference in Behalf of Israel, Chicago Hebrew Mission. 21st to 28th-Home Mission Week. 28th to Dec. Ist-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Wheeling, W. Va. 28th to Dec. 1st-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Waterbury, Conn. 29th-The 40th anniversary of the opening of Doshisha, Japan, 1875.

December 1st to 3d, 5th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Manchester, N. H. 1st to 3d, 5th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, St. Louis, Mo. 5th to 8th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Cleveland, O. 5th to 8th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Albany, N. Y. 6th to 11th-Meeting of the Council of Women for Home Miss., Atlanta, Ga. 8th-The 75th anniversary. of the sailing of Livingstone for Africa, 1840. 9th to 12th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Toledo, O. 25th-Tenth anniversary of the National Missionary Society of India, 1905.

January The one hundredth anniversary of the American Bible Society. 2d to 9th-World's Week of Prayer. 12th to 14th-Foreign lIissions Conference, Garden City, L. 1. 17th-Fifteenth anniversary of the death of Elias Riggs of Turkey, 1901. 19th to 21st-23d Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Houston, Tex. 19th to 21st, 23d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Duluth, Minn. 23d to 26th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, New Orleans, La. 23d to 26th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, St. Paul, Minn. 23d to 26th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Minneapolis, Minn. 23d to 26th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Rochester, N. Y. 26th to 28th, 30th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Jackson, Minn. 26th to 28th, 30th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Fargo, N. Dak. 26th to 28th, 30th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Reading, Pa. 29th-Fiftieth anniversary of sailing of James Chalmers for South Seas, 1866. 30th to Feb. 2d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Wilmington, Del.

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Tribes, Bolivia,S.A. -1 df.M Hi ~ ,…

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". E yo ARGENTI N[ A NEGLECTED AREA OF THE NEGLECTED CONTINENT Drawn by Rev. Gerhard J. Schilling, D.D.

HO:fE OF SOME OF THE NEGLECTED AHIARA INDIANS, IN

U nevangelized South America THE CALL OF TEN MILLION NEGLECTED INDIANS BY REV. GERHARD J. SCHILLING, D.D., BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINE Missionary of the M.,thodist Episcopal Church (North) mD ~ URING my stay in the get that there are millions of souls United States I have in that continent who have never often been asked: yet heard of the Christian faith, and What is the use of other millions who have a very sending missionaries to wrong idea of it. Surely these be- South America, when nighted souls constitute a legitimate all the Southern republics are Chris- field for missionary labor. tian of the Roman Catholic type? Few American Christians have any An experience born of many definite idea of the number and conyears' residence in Argentine, Chile, dition of these unevangelized multiand Bolivia has taught me that every tudes. Their number is not known. reason which makes it necessary to In the United States it is estimated preach the Gospel in North America that there are 260,000 Indians and is equally applicable to South Amer- many mission boards in North Ica. Besides this, we must not for- America which carryon work among

the various tribes. Contrast the condi- the Gran Chaco of Argentine. There tions in the Southern continent. In are the Patagonians of the South Ecquador, for instance, out of a and the Araucanians of Chile. One population of 1,250,000 the Indians could fill pages with only an enunumber 870,000. These are very meration of their. tribal names and a low in the scale of civilization, and guess at their numbers. the majority of them are absolutely Indian Life and Character unevangelized. Moreover, 200,000 of The manJIer of living among these the Indians in that republic, have Indians is as varied as the area in which they dwell. Begin with the never as yet been politically subdued. southernmost, the Onas of Tierra del They still roam in the forests, kill- Fuego. Altho they are exposed for ing game with their poisoned arrows months during the rains to frost and and bringing down birds with their snow, they go about almost naked long blowpipes. Any approach to and entirely so in their poor habitathem is unsafe, and no one seems tions, which take often the form of willing to expose his life in an effort caves dug into the side of a hill. to win them to Christ. Many of them are polygamists and all show very little respect for the Look at Peru. The last census government. Not long ago a Chilian reveals the fact that 57.6 per cent. Army officer stationed among them, of its population of 2,592,000 are In- was found pierced by twenty-five ardians. Some of these have heard of rows pointed with splinters of glass. the Christian faith, and some will even salute a church when they pass, A much sturdier race are the Araubut two millions of them could not canians. Among all the aborigines give a reason for the faith that is of the region now called Chile, they within them. only have never been conquered, neither by the Incas who extended In Bolivia we find 50.9 per cent. once their empire as far as Maule, of the people Indians, or 920,864; of or by the Spaniards who had to withthe 486,018 of "mixed population" draw from them. It has been my returned in the last census, almost all privilege to preach to them in 1907, have little Spanish and much Indian and I found among the family of blood in their veins. So we can Mapuches, near Carahue, a very safely add one million Indians as kind reception. They live in large the Bolivian contingent. huts, called, rucas, the sides of which are made of branches, straw and oc- No man living can tell how many casionally of hides. Some of these Indians live in Brazil. Baron de rucas are large enough to shelter all Santa-Anna Nery, authority on the the members of one of the smaller question of Indians in the Amazon tribes. valley, actually gives the names of 373 tribes in that region. I venture The Indians in Southern Argento say that there are. from seven to tine, south of the Rio Negro, have eight millions of Indians in Brazil. wonderful physical endurance, es- pecially where pain is concerned. Dr. In addition to these millions there are the unnumbered Guaranies and Lenguas, 25,000, as Rev. W. B. Grubb estimates, in Paraguay and

1 51 UNEVANGELIZED SOUTH AMERICA 8u

F. Corbin of Mendoza, who lived a This was ten hours after an operalong time among them in the neigh- tion involving a large flesh wound. borhood of Viedma, told me the following incident of his medical prac- The Indians of the Gran Chaco, tise among them. Two Indians had the northwestern reserves of Argenbeen fighting with knives. One had tine, . and the Guaranies are first been severely cut in the abdomen. cousins. The Rev. W. B. Grubb, He managed to reach the doctor's who knows most about them, says: house, simply closing the wound, "Altho cannibalism is not practised holding the sides together with his in the Chaco, the people have many stories about it, which may be only . MASKED SOUTH AMERICAN INDIAN DANCERS COMING FROM THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH bare hands. Dr. Corbin sewed up a invented. But it 'is . quite, possible large flesh wo~nd and left the man that they are the result of a longin one of his outhouses. When he forgotten habit. These cal1nibals are' came to visit the man the next supposed to be located. in. the far morning, he found the Indian's squaw West, and in that direction among a sitting by the door of the hut, people of Guarani descent, such smoking a cigaret. She fell down practises were evidently in vogue. at the doctor's 'feet, imploring him not to be angry. with her husband. The most pr.evalent crime She said that necessary business had among the Lengua-Mascoy (one of taken Lim to his home, "But," added the Paraguay tribes) is that of inshe, "he will be all right, doctor, he fanticide, which they do not .rank in did not go on foot but on horseback." the same category as the murder of a grown child or adult, aott this

evil is so general, that the very ex- are the Quetchuas and the Aimaraes. istence of the race is endangered. Having lived several years in Bo- There are many reasons for infanti- livia, it was my joy to establish cide. The strongest incentive to the preaching services among the Aim- crime is the difficulty of nurturing araes. The Quetchuas belonged to and bringing up a young family the four original tribes which unitedly under the most unfavorable condi- composed the Inca empire. tions, especially the shortage of food. It is for this reason that an Indian Much of the history of these pre- mother nourishes her child up to historic people is shrouded in mys- even four and sometimes five years tery. But we know that there was of age, and she feels that in her at the end of the twelfth century an hard, exposed, and trying life, it Inca Empire. This was composed of would be absolutely impossible for the Incas proper, the Quechuas, her to maintain and suckle a numer- Canas, and the Cauchis. At about ous family. There is no doubt that the middle of the twelfth century infanticide owes its origin to stress these men of the highlands built the of circumstances, and that sanction famous city of Cuzco. They made was sought for it on religious it the capital of the em?ire. From grounds, in order to obviate the in- that city expeditions of the neighbor- stinctive repugnance to such a crime. ing tribes were conducted. It was the Inca-for the word Inca origin- Another feature of heathenism, ally is a title, such as Emperor- found among the Lengua-Mascoy In- Viracocha, who, in the territory now dians, which is apt t~ strike one at called Bolivia, attacked the Aima- first sight as extremely cruel, and in- raes and conquered them. In their dicative of a total lack of natural midst he built upon the ruins of an affection, is the habit of hastening the old city, Taipacala, the magnificent death of the aged and the victims of temple-city and palace of justice of a serious accident or sickness. So Tiahuanaco. Its name implies "The long as there is any probable hope of Desired One on the border of thl! recovery, the patient is kindly treated lake." Lake Titicaca has receded and attended to, but their attitude some ten kilometers since then. The to these unfortunates at once changes mighty city is a heap of ruins and when they realize that their efforts jackals live now where grave judges are in vain. Then they hasten death once decided questions that involved .by starvation and neglect, sometimes the life or death of the accused. even by violence, and wilful, prema- The proud Aimara, then considering ture burial is by no means an un- himself the lord of the eternal moun- common occurrence. tains, is now a shy and crusht ser- vant. He evades the white man Some Bolivian Tribes who so treacherously treated his fore- bears in the days of Atanualpa. the In Bolivia there are even to-day a Crcesus of his time. With the great number of distinct tribes of Spanish political yoke the religion of Indians. From the map which ac- the conquerors was enforced upon companies this sketch, it will be seen all natives. Many of them little that the two most prominent families

UNEVANGELIZED SOUTH AMERICA 81

cared whether one image, that of powerful mission will begin its work the sun or moon, or another, that of of evangelizing these descendents of the cross or of the "mother of the lordly Incas, to bring them to heaven," adorned their temples or know the King of Kings, Christ, surmounted the hills. The symbol their Savior? was to them of but little value. And so in his heart to-day, as then, both From the map it will be seen also the Aimara of the mountain or the that there are twenty-five more Indian of the plain, worship the sun, major tribes of Indians in Bolivia. the one imploring the giver of heat On the official maps used in the and light to shed his benign rays Bolivian schools, drawn by Dr. Dan. Bustamante, all these are called "sal- ONE OF THE MASKED SOUTH AMERICAN INDIAN DANCERS AT A CHURCH FESTIVAL upon the cold, gray, misty mountain vajes" or savages. Some of these, abode; the other pleading with the as the Guanas who are bordering on shining sun, lest he burn his body, Paraguay, or the Chacaros of the dry up the fountains, and consume East Andes, are still cannibals. No his growing crops with his fire. one knows their language, and they There is at present a society for the hide in the marshes or climb into the protection of the Aimara Indian in trees at the approach of the white La-Paz, but its members simply man. Lucky, indeed, the foreigner thlnk of helping them against the who, having been saved from their sharper, brown or white, who tries poisoned arrows, has been permitted to swindle the poor native out of his to reach the outer border of their land and inheritance. When will the domains. day come in which a great and I little wonder at the wild heathen

rites and orgies after having seen dians who have pierced the lobes of several of the festivities and pagan their ears, and, by inserting coils of dances performed by the so-caIled bamboo bark, have created holes that Christian Indians in Bolivia. These are from two to four inches long.

dances took place during one of their Almost all of these Indians are mere church festivals. savages, living from hunting, fishing, Wild Indian Dances or on the wild fruits they fin~.

Cross over to the Guianas n, ow, I saw them gather for the dance, and you will find even in territory sewed into the skins of the alpacca, belonging to European nations wild imitating bears, or wearing masks re- Indians who worship the Ceiba tree presenting lions or rats. This consist- and place food at the root of such ed of stepping slowly.to the weird trees nightly. Ghastlier still is the sound of bamboo fiutes, meanwhile occupation of the Jivaro Indians of describing large circles. Suddenly Ecuador. They know how to ex- they stop at the sign of their leader, tract from the heads of the enemies turn about and retrace in dancing -which, like the Dyaks of Borneo, step the circle just marked. At an- they carry away as trophies-the other signal they stop altogether, skull. Somehow, I imagine, they when their squaws regale them with must break the skull into fragments.

small tin cups filled with diluted raw They do this, however, without desalcohol, manufactured from sugar- troying the overlying flesh. This cane. In a few minutes dancing is they shrink by some process, leaving resumed, amI some of the men kept all hair on the head, until the whole this up for forty or forty-eight hours, has contracted to the size of a man's when they fell in death-like stupor to fist. During this process they know the ground. They never took off how to mold the flesh in such a their masks or fancy dresses during all manner that it retains the general this time and even slept out their semblance of the former being, redebauch in the attire of their orgies. duced only in size to a diameter of This was in honor of the feast of the about four inches. Ghastly, indeed, Immaculate Conception of the Virgin appear these trophies of an unbridled Mary. Can the pagan Indians have hatred against their enemies.

more horrible or degrading feasts Missions to the Indians than these?

From the Bolivian border of the Efforts to reach the South Ameri- Pilcomayo district we come into the can Indians with the Gospel have almost unknown regions of the been few and very far between. The Amazon Indians. Somewhere there scattered location of the tribes would are the Uginas, of whom even seri- not have been so detrimental if the ous white men affirm that the tribe efforts had been directed by re- has short tails. There are the Mojas sponsible boards and in a systematic of the Beni, who beat the bark of way promising continuance. But the some tree until they can make of the majority of these missions are of a fiber smocks to cover their naked- spasmodic character. Two' of the ness. Again, there are the Napo In- stations I know are exceptions. I

UNEVANGELIZED SOUTH AMERtCA 8I S

refer to the work of Rev. Grubb in not want to buy. But the colpor- Paraguay and the successful mission teur prest his wares and, really so of Rev. Mr. Sadlier among the as to get rid of the man, Chiriotti Araucanians in· Chol-Chol. These bought a copy. "So, now you can are under the direction of the So- go on," said he to the colporteur, ciety for the Propagation of the when, to his surprize, that man said: Gospel. "N0, sir, now my real work begins. You have no idea how to handle the A Remarkable Conversion Bible, nor how to get the best out of her." So he took a copy and made But some others, conducted by Chiriotti open with him at the same men and women of deep piety and WORTH SAVING- TWO PUMA INDIANS OF BOLIVIA unquestioned consecration, are of a passage. .He turned to a prophecy and very doubtful value because of their then to its fulfilment. Chiriotti told lack of backing. One had a very me that the colporteur remained . remarkable beginning. Antonio Chir- three hours at this first visit. A dive iotti, an Italian, lived in California of three hours into "The Book and owned a flour mill. He was a Charming" will set any man to know widower and childless, a prosperous more about it, and so our Italian man and, of course, held to the friend began to study for himself Roman Catholic faith. One day a and, finally, was soundly and scrip- Danish Bible colporteur offered him turally converted. Naturally, he a copy of the Scriptures. He did wanted to do something evangelical

for others and finally decided to go independently work for the evangeli- to the Argentine Republic and start zation of the Indians. They often a mission among the unevangelized live in abject poverty, and while Indians in the Gran Chaco. When they are most Christlike, healing the he reached Buenos Aires he was al- sick and helping the needy, no con- ready advanced in age and rather a stitution can stand the strain they sick man. He deposited some $40,- put on theirs, and with their disap- 000 in two of the banks and then pearance from the field the work is wanted to make his will, giving all likely to come to an end. The same this money to the work he had may be true of some workers who planned. How great was his sur- have come to establish themselves prize when he learned that under among the Indians of San-Pedro, Argentine law he could not make Bolivia. They are connected with such disposition of his money. Then some "Faith Mission" in Australia.

his attention was called by a godly It seems to me very apparent that physician who had practised some the heavy drain upon the finances in years in Bolivia to that country, and Australia caused by the present war, in 191 I old Chiriotti actually arrived will greatly diminish, if not stop al- in La-Paz where I was one of the together, for some years, these special witnesses to his will, giving all his gifts for independent mission work.

money for the evangelization of the The world is paying attention to Aimara Indians. Then he died. The the great continent of the South as four executors of his will bought a never before. The war in Europe, large tract of land on the border of the completion of the Panama Canal Lake Titicaca, and with the land and, to the Christian worker, the were taken over some thirty families notices of a great Latin America of Indians. The interest of the resi- Christian Vorkers' Congress during due of the capital is just large enough the month of February of 1916 in to pay for the salary of one married Panama, are some of the factors mIssIOnary. The work is excellent, which produce this interest.

but I doubt the wisdom ·and the per- We hope that the movement south- manency of such isolated efforts. ward will not only result in com- Past history has shown that somehow mercial profits to all concerned, and they come to grief. How much not simply strike an international better had Chiriotti left his money and an intercollegiate note, but we to some constituted board of mis- hope that definite plans will be dis- sions who would continue the work cust and adopted, whose sole and and enlarge it even if something had persistent aim will be to bring the happened to the original gift. truth as it is in Christ Jesus to these In Puno, Peru, an excellent Chris- millions of unevangelized Indians of tian couple, Mr. and Mrs. A. Stahl, South America.

It is a fearful sin to be going through the world with a light kindled by the Holy Spirit to guide sinners to Jesus, and yet to carry this as a dark lantern, which can give no benefit to anyone. But how vain is it, on the other hand, to hold up a lamp when the light is almost out.-WM. C. BURNS.

Students of I.Jatin

BY CHARLES IJlllllllS IHJRREY, NEW YORK General Secretary of the Committee on Friendly Relations Among Foreign Students ~~~~~HY are the students which the teachings of the Author of of Latin America a the Sermon on the Mount are dis- supremely important seminated and obeyed among the factor in causing the educated leaders of Latin America. will of Jesus Christ to The spreading of knowledge of the be respected and obey- sublime truths of the New Testament, and obedience thereto, constitutes a ed in their nations? Certainly not solemn obligation and inspiring opbecause they are numerically strong: portunity facing the Christian people it is doubtful whether one in a thou- of North America. The same fundasand of the total population is a mental factors essential in building student of university grade; surely and fortifying character among colnot on account of financial power: lege men of the United States and many will inherit and acquire vast Canada are indispensable in the conwealth, but as undergraduates they struction of South American manare not taxpayers; their impetuous hood. radical speeches and writings do not vitally influence political life. Not During the past year forty thouwhat they are, but who they are, and sand North American college men what they are becoming, require that were enrolled in devotional Biblethey be reckoned with in any enter- study groups, and other thousands prise affecting the future of their read and studied the Scriptures pripeople. vately. Nearly as many followed regular courses in an investigation Within ten years Latin students of the needs of the nations for the who are now pursuing their studies Christian religion. Ten thousand enin Mexico, South and Central Ameri- listed voluntarily in definite altruistic ca, and abroad, will be making the service to fellow students and others. laws, directing the industries, editing The study and practise of prayer are the journals, and determining in widespread in college circles; three large measure the policies of a score thousand selected student leaders deof republics. Will the laws be voted ten days to study ·and training framed and executed for the welfare in summer conferences. Every Sunof the people? Will industry rec- day finds over one-half of North ognize and respect the rights of the America's student popUlation astoiler? Can the press be reckoned sembled in the churches for worship as a powerful ally of righteousness, and communion. and will national policies be such as will advance the cause of internation- Scarcely a Bible-study group can al good-will? be found in all of the student centers of Latin America. Mission and An affirmative answer to these inquiries will depend on the extent to

8IS THE MISSION ARY R~VmW OF tHE WORLb

social-study courses are practically of his own nation, and in abstaining unknown; here and there one dis- absolutely fr0111 attacks upon any covers examples of social service, form of religion. but the majority of university students are allowed to live in selfish- Those Anglo-Saxon people who ness. N at five per cent. of the stu- have been most suocessful in winning dents attend church, and the practise the confidence of Latin American of prayer is practically abandoned. students have quickly established One student conference enrolled one points of contact in the study of hundred students representing a half- English, athletics, social life and love dozen institutions of higher learning. of country; participation jointly in these exercises and in discussion of These facts are not stated with a the claims of patriotism has opened view to making odious comparisons, the way naturally for reading the but rather in order to reveal to Bible, the abandonment of practises Christian people in North America the that cripple physical efficiency, and wonderful opportunity they have for for heart to heart talks about the sharing and cooperating with Latin life and mission of our Lord. America in applying approved methods of character-building to the needs That there are obstacles in the of student life in the Latin American way of making Latin American republics. Successful cooperation universities truly Christian no one will depend largely upon the attitude can deny. That the obstacles are of North Americans. One who insuperable no one dare affirm. The would awaken interest in the Bible response of students and professors as a guide to true living, and inspire to a sympathetic approach is most confidence in the Church as God's encouraging; the generous backing organized plan for extending right- offered by individuals and governeousness, must not move among ments to efforts for the moral and Latin students with an air of super- religious welfare of students chaliority and racial pride; let him rather lenges our admiration. Thousands recognize his own personal short- of thoughtful students and professors comings and the mistakes of his are waiting for friends who will nation; let him appreciate the show them that belief in God and achievements of Latin American immortaJity is rational, that religion civilization and the noble qualities is to be incorporated in daily life, of her citizens, and let him fully and to manifest its power in transidentify himself with their interests formed lives and communities. and aspirations. He will not go far afield if, in this spirit, he emphasizes The people of North America the supreme importance of high should not overlook the opportunity moral character among the youth to interpret the best in their civiliof a nation, and the indispensable zation to the two thousand students contribution of the religion of Jesus in the United States from all parts Christ in achieving such character. of Latin America. They are study- He will be wise in refraining from ing here for a few years, and will references to the glory and greatness soon return to positions of influence an-lOng their people. They should have no occasion for feeling that the

STUDENTS OF LATIN

"Yankee" is selfish and provincial. sented the Philippine Islands, Porto- Every facility should be placed at Rico, Cuba, Mexico, San Salvador, their disposal which will acquaint Costa Rica, Colombia, Brazil, Para- them with the best homes, with agen- guay, Argentina and Spain. Many cies and organizations seeking the came for the good time they would welfare and uplift of the people, and have, resolved to skip all they could above all, they should come into per- of Bible study, etc. Several rebelled sonal touch with the ablest students at the start, and I believe were only and professors who are earnest held to the system of the Conference Christian men, disposed to share their religious convictions. by their sense of the duty of a guest. One started a theosophist and a dis- Over one hundred Latin American torter of .the Bible and ended a students enjoyed the hospitality of Christian, eager to learn all that the the North American Christian Stu- Bible contains. One man, caught in dent Movement as guests at the sum- the grip of a habit that meant the mer conferences last June. The pos- destruction of his mind and eventusibilities of such fellowship are thus ally of his life, found most joyous stated by one of the wisest leaders release. in Christian work in Latin America: "At Northfield, church difference, "I am just finishing twenty days international jealousy, and personal of work in the Latin American sec- aversion to piety, threatened to distion of the student conferences. In rupt the Conference. Within two the eleven years of my residence in days of the end of the Conference, Latin America I have never expe- in a discussion class, a dispute arose rienced anything that has brought me which threat~ned to lead to intersuch certainty as to the ultimate suc- national complications at every point cess of the task we have in hand in and delayed the session an hour. This these Latin republics. I have always seemed to be the final explosion of been confident; now I am sure. I the pent-up feelings of men who had have seen in the last three weeks been fighting for self-control for a young men from the best classes, the week: The very next evening was leaders of their peoples, yielding marked by a deeply spiritual disthemselves not only to the influences cussion on "What Does It Mean to of friendship, but to the highest work be a Christian?" The decision meetof the Holy Spirit. I have seen men ing held on Sunday was the most transformed from agnostics to fer- moving I have ever attended. Every vent disciples, from relentless parti- man present voluntarily signed a conzans to apostles of aNew Brother- tract to follow and serve Jesus Christ hood, from careless seekers of selfish as Master and Lord, and to read the pleasure to resolute warriors for hon- Bible and pray. Those who had esty, purity, and kindliness. I at- been open and flagrant in opposition tended the conferences for the full frankly confest their sin and begged time at Eagles Mere and at North- forgiveness. field. At these two conferences a total of thirty-four men, exclusive of "The results are far-reaching. One the leaders, attended. They repre- representative of a splendid family said he was going home to be a

Christian engineer and a promoter of K3 LOIJ1Il1Creiai congresses and Christian work for young men. An- trade commissions dre desirable and other, a brilliant graduate in engi- necessary, but Christian people of neering, offered a month's salary all nations should hail with great joy whenever Christian work can be the approaching congress on Chrisopened in his city, one of the un- tian work in Latin America to be opened student ~enters of South held in Panama in February. May America. Otic, a brother oi the presi- it mark the beginning of genuine dent of a republic where the Chri~­ cooperation of the Americas in great tian Association has never had a 1110r:,: 2nd religious ente:prises! It welcome, declares it as his intention will certainly recognize the important to use his influence to introduce the relation of the universities to the Association there." spread of Christianity, and will adopt plans which will result in the centers In the past, selfish motives and the of learning becoming sources of desire for gain have too largely de- moral and spiritual enrichment for termined the attitude of North all the people. American people toward La:::1 Amer- Shall We Send Missionaries to Argentina?

BY REV. ERNEST N. BAUMAN, JlUENOS AIRES Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church BOUT twelve years ago year, and in a short time it was very evident that it would soon be mA a Methodist local much too small for the ever-growing preacher began to hold congregation. The best feature of occasional services in the year has been the prevailing a private house in this spirit of conviction. Sunday after suburb of Buenos Sunday sinners followed the Gospel Aires, known as Flores. For years call, young and old became convicted the work was carried on by lay- of sin, repented and surrendered to workers in private houses or rented Jesus Christ. One night we were halls, finally a regular pastor was deeply stirred by the conversion of appointed, and the work flourished a young man, whose wife was a so well that it was decided to build faithful member of our church. We a chapel. Almost everybody was knew that she and her parents were ready to make sacrifices so that this earnestly praying for her husband, chapel might become a reality, aed and· were overjoyed to see their finally the prayers and good works prayers answered in this way. Some of this congregation bore fruitage. time afterward another young man came under conviction as a result A chapel, measuring forty-five feet by twenty-seven, was erected last

WE SEND MISSIONARIES TO ARGENTINA?

of the prayers of his sweetheart. were held and the matter was prayer- His family is still indifferent to vita"l fully brought before them; hence we Christianity, but the young man has believe that what was done was not experienced a wonderful change and merely a result of a momentary im· does not fear to do personal work pulse but rather a deliberate choice for the Master. About the same inspired and invigorated by the time a woman, on whom I had called, prayers and personal talks of parents was happily converted. Her life had and teachers. The children have been 2. peculiarly sad one, her hus- since been organized into a probationband had been a confirmed drugkard ers' Bible-class so that their early for upwards of thirty years. One decision of childhood may be A GROUP OF MISSION – SCHOOL CHILDREN IN ANENDOGA son, who for several years had fol- grounded and built up on the word lawen the evil example of his father of God. One of the most helpful was converted three years ago, and features of the work in this congreit was due largely to his influence gation is the fact that the parents that the mother took the same step. are so deeply concerned about the Now both mother and son are anx- spiritual well-being of their children. iously praying for the speedy conversion of the drunken father. From these and other similar re- sults, we must conclude that the In our Sunday-school we have had Protestant Church has a right to the privilege of seeing about twenty work in this land. But there is anchildren decide for Christ. Parents other reason. Argentina, Uruguay and teachers had been praying and and Paraguay have together 8,000,000 working for this for a long time, inhabitants, and about three hundred special meetings for the teachers thousand immigrants land on these

shores annually. Italy and Spain The city of Rosario, with 170,000 in- furnish almost all of these .tho there is also some sprinkling of Germans, habitants, has but seventeen priests. English, Russian, etc. Ve priests are hated, reviled, and Buenos Aires, the second Latin city of the world, has 1,300,000 in- despised. We can not even take a habitants. It is by far the largest and most cosmopolitan city of all religious census in our own parish South America. It is noted for its splendid avenues and parks. It is without being molested. It is conjust as busy and modern as any other city in the world. It has a most sidered bad luck to meet one of us modern electric light system, and its street-railways are a great improve- on the street. We American priests ment on those of New York. An extensive subway system is under have petitioned the Pope to allow us construction at present, in order to relieve the very much congested to wear ordinary clothes and to put downtown district. aside· our priest's dress when we go In New York City there are but forty Roman Catholic churches, about out, so that we may be better able the same number as in Philadelphia, where there are also 500 Protestant to reach the people. Should Proteschurches, while Buenos Aires has but twenty. Is it fair that New York tants have missions here? Why not?

should have about 900 Protestant The two churches get along very churches; Philadelphia 500, and well side by side in the United States, Buenos Aires only twenty? why not here?" . A Roman Catholic priest from North America, who has a parish in The above statement was made to this city, throws light on the subject, when he says: "We have no Robert E. Speer and to Rev. S. D. such liberty, power, or influence in Argentina as we have in the United Daugherty, a Lutheran missionary States. Both native and foreign elements are entirely irreligious. In still resident here. The prevalent our own parish only 8 per cent. attend church, and when they do immorality all through these repubattend they are so noisy that no one would ever dream that they are in lics is a fact that can hardly be a church service. All our work is fearfully undermanned; there are exaggerated. Not long ago a promonly 1,000 priests in all Argentina, and I know one parish of 130,000 inent citizen of Buenos Aires assured souls here in Buenos Aires which has only one priest and two assistants. me that not one man out of ten in this city is true to his wife.

There are scores of towns which are not yet occupied by any Protes- tant Christian missionary. The large cities are being touched only slightly by the preaching of the Gospel, and there are still some of the capitals of provinces which have no regular Gospel preaching.

What greater argument does the Christian need than this: South America is still groping in moral and spiritual darkness. South America does not know the saving power of the Lord Jesus Christ. This is the Macedonian cry from South Amer- ica. We Christians have the Gospel to-day because St. Paul said: "I was not disobedient to the heavenly vis- ion." Are we disobedient?

Latin-American Congress*

BY REV. CHARLES L. THOMPSON, D.D., LL.D., NEW YORK · .Chairman of the Commission on Unity and Cooperation of the Congress on Christian Work in Latin America HE events of the last, was explored and conquered in a fTl few years have made a new American map. lust for gold and glory. Its people in large measure have failed of the The finishing of the impulse for noble living which comes by a noble inheritance. If we have , greatest engineering achievement in all our inherited high moral ideals it is not history has reconstructed our geo- to our praise, but it constitutes a graphy. reason why we should share them North and South America, united with others less fortunate.

ge"ologically by continuous mountain It is this appeal which may be ranges, are now bound by the living confidently made and which will be ties of commerce, and social and a mighty leverage in the endeavor to educational interest as well as by lift to higher levels and purer forms common political ideals. It is there- of Christian truth people who have fore important that they should been made cold or indifferent by t~e understand each other religiously, formalities of religion without its and that by both of them common spirit.

standards of Christian thought and It is to be hoped, therefore, that life should be accepted. For such is the mind open to recognize elements going to be their unity in all other of truth and goodness in any form respects that for their common wel- of faith will characterize the Panama fare the same ethical and Christian Conference. While from the pre- ideals should be acknowledged and vailing religion of Latin America as made effective among all the people. an institution we may not expect It is in no spirit of superiority that much welcome or cooperation, yet we own the fact that to North doubtless there are many individuals, America there came a type of life, nominally or by inheritance attached and an inheritance of reformation to that faith, who will give us wel- truth, denied to South America. It come in our program and help at all is no reflection upon South America least along some lines of Christian for them and us to own the advance. Even as in the United fact that, whereas the upper half of States such help is given in matters the continent was settled and occu- of temperance and social reform, so pied by men of sturdy religious con- it is believed it will be in Latin victions, who sought only a home America. Indeed, we have been as- where they and their descendants sured by men high in civic authority might enjoy civil and religious free- in South America that an approach dom, the lower half of the continent to those republics-not in a way of • From the tenth to the twentieth of February next there will be held in the City of Panama a Congress of all missionary societies working in Latin America. It is the purpose of this paper briefly to state tbe reasons for such a gathering-its scope and the ends it is hoped it may serve.

condescension, but of helpfulness to isters of religion the people would better enable people to carry burdens get little help, because their lives so which they realize are too great for definitely contradict their preaching. them-will be welcomed. Let us The same spirit which sends us as then manifest an eager readiness to missionaries to barbarians across cooperate with any who will unite oceans should impel our steps to the with us on any plane of the great he'lpless and hopeless savages of Christian enterprise. Let us not South America. demand cooperation in the entire program as a condition of accepting This much as to the mission field allies for any part of that program. of Latin America as a reason for calling the Congress. Two further There are two other important reasons pertain to what is called the reasons for considering our Chris- home base. In the first place, the tian duty to Latin America. First: Christian Church of North America There are probably forty thousand has not seriously considered her students in her various universities- great opportunity in the southern of most of whom it may truly be half of the continent. Here are said that the doctrines and cere- seventy millions of people-our monies of religion to which they neighbors, our allies in repUblican have been accustomed no longer principles, inheritors with us of make any strong appeal to them. many of the fundamental principles But they are to be the leaders of of Christianity-to whom our conthought and action for all those re- tribution of educational and religious publics. The future of those re- forces has been almost negligible. publics will be determined largely And yet, they with us must deterby them. If they become skeptics, mine the destiny of the new world. or totally indifferent to all religious They, without us, can not shape that questions, it will bode no good for destiny. It is equally true we withthe future of those lands. If we out them can not worthily shape that have a message that will appeal to destiny. Especially now-when the inquiring minds, and if we can open civilization of the old world seems up to them possibilities of a higher to be going bankrupt-now is the life than any that now seems open, time for America to manifest a we will be doing much for the sta- solidarity of peace and Christian bility and permanence of Latin- brotherhood which may be this dark American institutions. world's final hope.

Again, there are eight million In- Again – even the little that has dians in Latin America for whose been done for the spiritual uplift of spiritual life almost nothing is lOW Latin America has lacked the statesbeing done. We do not forget that man's view and program. More than there was a time when Jesuit and a score of missionary societies have Franciscan priests did heroic service carried on work but often feebly in their behalf and lifted many of ll1anned and supported and without them out of their age-long bar- coordination with each other. There barism. But those priests have few have been many soldiers-but not an successors now. From many mm- army. The spirit of cooperation be-

LATIN-AMERICAN

tween denominations has been largely is hampered, if not imperilled, by absent. Nor has there been any such the low average of intelligence.

general and united consideration of Illiteracy ranges from 40 to 80 per the vast field and its many problems cent. Of course there are many edu- as alone would supply the knowl- cated and cultured people. There edge and the program necessary for are circles in their great cities which effective advance. In the hope of will compare well with like circles such consideration and such action anywhere. But the safety of a re- following as will write a new day of public depends on the diffusion of progress in Latin America this Con- intelligence. For lack of it there gress is called. have been many small revolutions in Now, as to its scope.-As in Edin- South America. They who would burgh, eight commissions have been best help Latin America to a surer appointed to consider the main sub- progressive civic life must inspire a j ects pertaining to missionary work. deeper desire for general education These commissions, appointed last and must lead the way in securing it.

winter by a general committee repre- The matter of popular education senting alI the societies doing work should, therefore, have large atten- in Latin America, have given diligent tion at Panama. And in this the consideration to the themes CO'11- Congress wiII have cordial welcome mitted to them. They have con- and hearty support from the leaders ducted most extensive correspond- of national life in all the republics.

ence with missionaries and others in Moral character is, of course, an- all the republics, and have studied other foundation stone of the life as carefully as they could the social, of a republic. In many parts of educational, moral and religious con- Latin America the morals of the ditions. They have also had confer- people are at low ebb. It does not ences with leaders in the politicallife indeed become us to cast stones.

of some of the republics. From We have too many sins of our own.

these wide surveys they are making A prominent South American said· up their findings, which will be re- to the writer, "The social life I wit- ported first to the workers in the nessed in some of the N ew York various fields for criticism and cor- hotels would not be tolerated in rection, and finally in printed vol- Buenos Aires." That is the call for umes will be presented to the Con- home mission work in the United gress at Panama in February. States, and it is loud and urgent.

While Latin America is behind In But so is the calI in Latin America.

the march of American progress, That the types of sin are somewhat even the steps it is taking are handi- different (and each nation seems to capped by serious failures in some furnish its own brand) does not directions. Thus, all the govern- make the national peril less. South ments are republican; some of them America needs what North America of an advanced type. Those farthest needs-the Gospel of Christ. Only from North America have made the that can finally lift the moral level.

greater progress-as Chile, Argen- If a facing of moral conditions as tina, and Brazil. But their future they exist in many parts of Latin

America shall stimulate the Chris- columns. Missions among nontian Church here and there to more Christian people have given us a united and persistent efforts, there lesson we may well learn and apply will be fewer revolutions in Latin in Latin America. If in China and America and surer national progress. Japan bodies differing in doctrine and polity can get together as a One of the most important ques- united Church, surely on this contions the Panama Congress will have tinent we should be able to do the to face is why, after fifty years of same. Latin America furnishes a Protestant mission work in Latin fine field for such an experiment. America, the fruit of it is so incon- Its languages are few, its people spicuous. Separate denominations, homogeneous, its ecclesiastical hisoperating each in its little corner, have been more or less content with tory, tho sad, is suggestive. It is to what they have done, and have had no just conception of how little im- be hoped, therefore, that a spirit of press Protestant Christianity has the utmost cooperation will rule the really made on the life of Latin America. When in more statesman- proceedings wt Panama. It is our like fashion they get together to survey the whole vast field, they will only hope for impressing ourselves be forced to see that their small or our message on peoples accusgains are scarcely visible among the tomed to a united Christian front. seventy millions of the population. Doubtless a consideration of edu- Along with that fact will come the cational problems, for example, will further conviction that some new make it plain that in all grades a methods not only must be adopted combination of different denominabut an entire new alignment of tions can do far more creditable and Christian forces must be had. Then appealing work. A few great instithey wilI see that their science of the tutions in each republic will be far mISSIOnary propaganda has been better than a score of feebly supradically wrong in this respect-that ported schools. Even union theothey are in the presence of a unified logical education is not beyond an Church, while their own forces are easy possibility, as Porto Rico and hopelessly divided and often at vari- Japan and China have revealed. ance with each other. Instead of antagonizing a unified Church, The time has come on every misbecause associated In our minds sion field at home and abroad when with teachings we can not ac- denominations must get together and cept, it were far wiser to see in it work together, or be at a hopeless an ideal that may be worth striving disadvantage in comparison w~th the for. Instead of combating such an world's great enterprises in all other ideal, were it not far better to make realms. Christ's prayer "That they of it an appeal for a reorganization all may be one" is coming to its of Protestant forces? We have answer. May the Panama Congress failed to conquer wi,th our divided be bold to accept the fact and head lines. T,et us try the effect of united alI its program for Latin America toward that divine ideal. Then it will mark the mightiest advance that the Kingdom of Christ on this con- tinent has ever known.

BEFORE SUNDAY AFTERNOON SERVICE IN FRONT OF THE YOUNG WOMEN'S

CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION BUILDING At the San Francisco Exposition AN IMPRESSIVE GLIMPSE OF THE RELIGIOUS AND SOCIAL WORK BY E. M. PAGE, NEW YORK [There are two sides to every phase of human life-the good and the evil. The Panama Exposition at San Francisco, which is so beautiful and so uplifting in many respects has also been severely criticized for the immorality that characterizes some of its features and its patrons. Long before the Exposition opened, the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America took measures to induce the authorities of the Exposition and the city of San Francisco to maintain a high moral tone within and without the grounds.

Fortunately, there is at the Exposition the counteracting work of such organizations as the Committee of One Hundred of the Federal Council, the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, the California Social Hygiene Association, the Young Men's Christian Association, and the Young Women's Christian Association. Some of this work is described in the following interesting article.-EDITOR.] S this the only religious "If you have grasped the true thought of its originators the whole I exhibit on the Exposition has a religious signifi- grounds?" I asked one cance," he replied.

I . Q of the men in charge When the tourist enters the grounds and, passing around the •.. ~ at the. Palace of Edu- Fountain of Energy with its joyous exuberance, walks under the Tower . cation.

He turned anel looked at me 11- tently.

of Jewels and pauses in the arched tion there. This is threefold. There recess to face the fountain group of are ( I ) the religious conferences El Dorado, he meets the first and congresses; there is (2) a large phrasing of the message of the Ex- religious exhibit; and there is (3) position. actual religious work carried on.

A line of struggling human figures All this has been arranged by the push and jostle their way up each Young Men's and the Young Wo- side to the magic portals of the men's Christian Associations, and the Land of Gold. Some are stagger- Committee of One Hundred. The ing to a fall, some are already down. Committee is an' organization of rep- Here .and there one stoops to lift an resentatives from twenty-seven de- unfortunate, but the main rout rushes' nominations united for Christian on unheeding, their arms out- work in San Francisco and to ar- stretched, their faces frenzied by de- range for the exhibit in the Educa- sire. Guarding the gate stand the tional Building.

heroic figures of an Aztec man and In the southwest corner of the woman, holding the great doors in- Palace of Education, over forty de- exorably shut. With a high pity nominations and religious organiza- they watch the impotent pygmies at tions have considerable space for their feet. their striking exhibit. Booths built "Behold the emptiness of the against the walls have been allotted search for gold, its horror and its to separate organizations, such as the cruelty!" their calm detachm€llt Girls' Friendly. Society,. the, Wo- seems to say. men's Christian Temperance Union, Beyond, in the Court of the Uni- the Salvation Army, and others.

verse, is another step. Theinscrip- Here' are dainty models of buiidings tions speak of Truth, the couns-ellor that never fail to attract a crowd, and guide; the groups on the arches here are easy-chairs to tempt the to right and left march forward in footsore and weary. Out on the search of an ideal, the "adventurous main floor is a large space divided by archer" stands fearless at the end of screens into narrow lanes containing a world and directs his arrow still the denominational exhibits of photo- out and up, while the figure on the graphs.

column of the Rising Sun leaps from A moving-picture theater is set up its pedestal with outspread wings, in the corner where one may rest the day all before it and a universe and watch scenes from mission fields to conquer. at home 'and' abroad enacted before Not once but many times is the his eyes with illuminating comments theme repeated; the material is not by an enthusiastic lecturer.

everything, the material alo'ne IS Once as we were passing through empty, spirit transcends all else. the building we were attracted by the But the visitor at the Exposition sound of singing.' I'n the open space is not" left for religious inspiration at the center of the religious exhibit to the chance of his interpreting the we came on a pretty sight. A young sculpture' aright. Religion has an- Japanese minister from the city had other and more definite representa- brought out a portion of his SUll-

THE SAN FRANCISCO

day-school and was proudly putting a collegiate reunion to the congress them through their paces as a prac- of the American Sweet Pea Society. tical demonstration of mission-work. One by one the chubby slant-eyed The reason given by the Exposilittle beings were lifted to a com- tion authorities for the calling of manding position on a chair, where congresses was that the aim of the each child bravely recited his bit of latest vVorld's Fair is "the meeting Scripture. The tiny ones began with of the needs of the world by social, brief quotations such as Christ's sum- educational, and industrial service." mary of the law, or the twenty-third An Exposition auditorium has been Psalm, the older aspiring to the built in the Civic center of San Francisco with halls to accommodate THE CAFETERIA IN THE YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATWN BUILDING As many as 3,560 have eaten here in one day lengthy achievements of the com- twenty-one meetings at one time. A mandments and the thirteenth chap- Festival Hall and a Congress Hall on ter of First Corinthians. the grounds are also available.

The second type of religious work Active Religious Service at the San Francisco Exposition has been the holding of religious con- Even more definite religious work ferences. The mere number of is being done. In San Francisco these is significant. Over eight under the committee of. One Hunhundred are listed in the official announcement and one out of every dred, a lot has been rented in' a twelve of these has a religious aim. This is a remarkable showing when central spot where a large tent has one considers that this list includes been set up. Here, week by week, every meeting held at the Fair, from come popular preachers and noted evangelists, Billy Sunday among the number, and a vigorous campaign

SUNDAY AT THE BIBLE DAY CEREMONIES OF THE WORLD'S BIBLE CONGRESS (AUGUST 2, 1915), AT THE

FRANCISCO EXPOSITION

THE SAN FRANCISCO

has been carried on for San l'ran- a kitchen and bathroom at one side cisco as well as for the stranger and the charge for all this is twentywithin her gates. five cents a day.

The problems of the Exposition it- Every Sunday afternoon a brief self have been handled largely by service is held on the porch before the the Young Men's and Young Wo- building, one of the most prominent men's Christian Associations. The spots on the grounds. This service service of tourists has been taken is listed by the Exposition along over by the Young Women's organ- with band-concerts and balloon asization, its building being the first to censions as one of the "attractions" the left of the main entrance. There of the daily program. is a wide shady porch with inviting rocking-chairs and with a view across Cornet solos and a trio of cornet, the pools and flowers of the South violin, and piano, attract the crowd, Gardens to the Tower of Jewels. and selections are sung by the choir. Within is a large reception-hall with When the shifting audience seems !nore easy-chairs, writing-desks, and largest the preacher gives his tent;>bles. Behind a curving counter a minute talk. Unexpected diversions group of workers are ready to direct sometimes tax the adaptability of the the tourist to hotels, eating-places, leader. One man was about to speak exhibit palaces, the best band-con- when the whirr of an aeroplane ancert, or the funniest laugh-producer nounced the approach of Art Smith ('11 the zone. Behind is the cafeteria, for one of his spectacular flights. All so inexpensive and deservedly popu- proceedings were suspended while aular that at meal times the line of dience, choir, and even the minister, hungry ones waIting to be fed watched the graceful dipping and stretches through the reception-room turning of the winged machi1}e. When and far along the walk outside. Up- the spectators turned back to,>;:iew the stairs is an emergency hospital on a discomfiture of the interrupted speakdllninutive scale where over five er, they were greeted with the text: hundred first aid treatments were given in the first four months. Here "And when the living creatures are rest-rooms with comfortable went the wheels went beside them; couches for tired women. At one and when the living creatures were side is a day-nursery with a kinder- lifted up from the earth the wheels garten teacher and a trained nurse were lifted up. . and . in charge of the thirty or more I heard the noise of their wings like babies. A fenced enclosure with see- the noise of great waters." sa·w, sand-pile, and swings affords a playground for the older children, Not a man moved away during the and a cool, dark room with a row of stirring and timely talk that followed. tiny white cribs is the sleeping-place of the littlest ones. The big, airy For the employees and those who playroom is fitted out with low tables are adding to the pleasure of the Exand ridiculously small chairs, while position visitors much is being done playthings are everywhere. There is by both organizations at work. The Young Men's Christian Association has put its building in the form of a large club-house by the Presidio, or United States Military reserve, where

it deals primarily with the needs of food, some energetic county adverthe Army and Navy men, who are on tisers had supplied two fascinating the grounds in large numbers. films of Californian country and ranch life to amuse and instruct, and The girls emp·loyed in all the Exhi- prizes were given to the girls from bition palaces are organized by the the county and state which had the Young Women's Christian Associa- largest delegations among the worktion in groups. Each leader has one ing force. One of the girls said on or more buildings under her direct leaving that it was her first party in supervision. A committee of volun- five years. teer workers from outside cooperate with leaders among the girls in such Out on the zone, tucked in behind a way that there are practically no the gaudy houses of Mirth is a club THE GIRLS' CLUB HOUSE IN THE (lZONE'" Conducted by the Young Women's Christian Association for the dancers and other performers during their leisure hours women employed who are not known house for the workers there. It is to the working force. Parties have a low, brown house with broad eaves been given for the various groups, the and nasturtiums running up over the girls from California acting as host- windows. In a large but cosy room esses. are little tables for eating, large com- fortable chairs, a book-case filled with In the Food Products Building one books and magazil~es, and a few good evening, . the doors were closed as pictures hanging on its walls. A usual at six o'clock, and by six-thirty smal1 window, like a pantry-slide, in a space in the center had been cleared, one corner, opening into the kitchen, tables were set with white linen, silver is a lunch counter, where a hungry and flowers, and two hundred and girl may get a square meal for fifteen thirty girls sat down. The exhibitors cents. On one side is a rest-room, in that department had provided the

THE SAN FRANCISCO

and a large bath-room equipped with and to employ those who make good. the only bath-tubs on the Zone. If an international exposition is a Three visits at the club-house constitutes a girl a member with the free- reflection of the spirit and thought dom of the house and a card of per- of the world, then these are indeed sonal introduction to the nearest times after the Master's own heart. Association when she leaves the Ex- The world is awake to the preemiposition. nence of spiritual things, and it con~ siders the ideal of service large The problem of unemployment enough to be taken as the central after the Exposition is one which the thought of its latest World's Fair. workers are trying to solve. A night- There is a yearning and a striving A BANQUET GIVEN BY THE YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE GIRLS EMPLOYED IN THE FOOD PRODUCTS BUILDING WHICH THEY HAVE TERMED "PALACE OF NIBBLING ARTS"

school has been opened to give the toward what the Church can give, and fifteen hundred employees a lift the Church is alive to its opportunities toward the top. Classes meet in the in San Francisco as never before. Association Building, and teachers Let us take courage from this lesson from a standard commercial college of the Exposition and lay hold on give their services three nights a the great task before us in something week, and on alternate nights one of of the spirit shown in Weinman's the largest department stores offers statue of the Rising Sun, knowing a course in salesmanship. This store that the time is at hand, the day is has promised to give preference to indeed before us, and the world to these students at the holiday season, conquer.

the Dominican

THE MISSIONARY WORK OF THE FREE METHODIST CHURCH lC:;~~~~ HE Dominican Republic February, 1915. This occasion occupies a part of the brought together the largest and most island of Santo Do- representative gathering of Protes- mingo, which it shares tants ever held in the interior of the with the Haitian Re- Dominican Republic, about forty new public. The people of converts came forward and as many the Dominican Republic speak Span- more were received into the mission ish, while the Haitians generally use and church as members and pro- the French language. Recurring re- bationers.

volutions from its early history until Last February evangelistic meet- the present time have kept the island ings were held at Jababa, Santiago, in a: constant state of turmoil. The Maca, Palmar, Salcedo, Barbaro, and unsettled conditions of governments Sanchez, and were very fruitful, for have prevented most of the mission about ninety persons were received boards ·from sending missionaries to as members or probationers. At these fields, so they have not been Moca, where there are two large so well cared for as have Cuba and Roman Catholic churches, the Prot- Porto Rico. The nominal religion estant workers before mentioned, of the island is Roman Catholicism. marched through the streets singing About twenty-four years ago, Rev. and giving short addresses in the S. E. Mills, a minister of the Free parks and on the corners of the Methodist Church, went to the Do- streets, and at evenings held their minican Republic, taking his family services in a building. At the first with him, and commenced work in evening services, while the mission- the interior on the north side. Later ary secretary was speaking stones other missionaries of the same church began to come against and on the joined him, but the. frequent revo- iron roof of the building. The Chief lutions have hindered the work, and of Police, however, later gave ade- some of the workers have been quate protection.

obliged to return home. The only other Protestant mission Some of the converts have been in Santa Domingo is carried on by organized into a Free Methodist the Women's Board of the African class at San Francisco de Macoris, Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, where a commodious church has been who have a station at San Pedro de built, a school building and mission- Macoris. In Haiti, the Seventh Day ary residences. This first Protestant Adventists are at Cape Haitien and church ever built in the interior of the southern Baptists and Protestant the island, was dedicated by the Rev. Episcopal societies have workers in B. Winget, Missionary Secretary, in Jacmel and Porto au Prince.

A Visit to a ] ungle Station

Siam* BY ROBERT E. SPEER Secretary of the Board of Foreign 1-Iissions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

AP TEANG is one of The Tap Teang station equip- ment consists at present of a resimT the newest stations of dencecompound for Dr. Dunlap and the Pre s b y t e ria n Mr. Snyder, a hospital compound for Church, in the prov- the hospital and residence (the gift ince of Trang on the Bay of Bengal side of of the Siamese high Commissoner), the lower Siam Peninsula. The station and a church compound on which it is the outgrowth of twenty-five years is desired to erect also a school for of itinerating work by Dr. and Mrs. boys and girls and a residence for Eugene P. Dunlap, who traveled up the unmarried women of the station.

and down these provinces when there The little mission school is the only were only jungle paths through the Christian school in the whole state forests and crazy little sailboats of Puket with its seven provinces along the coast. On one of Dr. belonging to the Tap Teang field.

Dunlap's first visits to Tap Teang Twenty or thirty children have al- village through a Christian Chinese ready gathered in the school and who had emigrated to the peninsula are delighted at the prospect which from Hong Kong, he met an old it has opened to them. There is a Siamese gentleman who, by his re- chance here not only to train Chris- flections upon natural religion and tian men and women for intelligent especially upon the wonder of the service as they go about their own structure of the human hand, had lives, but also to prepare teachers come to believe in a beneficent and for the Christian schools which fatherly creator. When he first should be scattered up and down heard the Gospel, he welcomed it as these provinces. The only schools the full revelation of the truth which available for the people now are the he had already dimly grasped. Forty unorganized, inefficient schools in the of this old man's descendants have Buddhist wats or temples. For sev- since come into the Christian Church eral years Dr. Dunlap, who is be- and now in the villages north and loved and honored by the Siam south there are scattered three hun- officials from the royal family down, dred baptized believers connected was superintendent of schools for with the central church in Tap the government in the Trang prov- Teang. Far and wide through a re- ince and was building up an efficient gion untouched by any other agencies system.

of Christianity, Dr. Dunlap and his As the little Christian school is companions are sowing the seed of the only center of such enlighten- the Gospel on fruitful soil. ment in these provinces. so the hos- • A Letter from Nakon Stritamarat, Siam, June 3, 1915.

pital is the only place of real succor and they would end by climbing up and relief to the sick and needy and on the platform. Forgetting all other its influence has gone out far and errands, they learned all they could wide. As we came away from of this new story to take back with Trang one of the passengers in our them to their villages. We saw the coach was an old priest from the seed of the 'Kingdom sown on abso- Chinese temple in Penang, conduct- lutely new soil and realized that each ing. a cocoanut grove now in the one of these old men would be the province of Trang for the benefit of beginning of a new work of evanhis temple. Robbers had pounded gelization. him up not long before, and only Miss Christianson's skilful care at This is mission work in its truest the hospital had brought him through. and purest and most Christ-like He and we had no common language form. It is the heroic pioneering in except our common appreciation of which men do not build 0'n other the Christ-like spirit and the skill 111¥n's foundations, but go out into of Miss Christianson, and our com- the heart of the jungles and lay rnon gratitude to the great Love t11ere the first stones of the walls which had brought her to Siam to of the city of God. The men and conditions vastly different from those women who are doing this w0'rk she had known at home. In Dr. have no borrowed glory, indeed, they Bulkley's absence there has been no do not know that they have any medical missionary in the station glory at all, but every hour there we since January a year ago, and for all saw the glory as of the messengers this time Miss Christianson has car- of God who forget themselves and ried the full responsibility, doing in whom the grace and truth of the critical surgical work at times simply heavenly spirit shine forth. This is because it had to be done, and there 110t the sort o:f missionary work was no one else to do it, and, singie- which exploits itself or is clever in handed, doing work which half a its aqvertising and appeal, but if dozen workers at home would not there is any work regarding which have undertaken. the Lord Jesus must be pleased and in which He must recognize to-day The morning of our last day in the very likeness of the work which Tap Teang we spent in the corner He did while He was here on earth, of the market, where the evangelists it is work like this at Tap Teang. preached to the people. It was fascinating to watch especially the old 'Vhat makes work like this possible men from the country drift by in the is love and faith in the hearts of throng and stop to listen. Then as men and women. Neither the slow they were caught by some word of toil of the years nor the wet miseries truth we would see them sit down of the jungle, nor the isolation and on the edge of the platform from loneliness could quench that love or which the evangelists spoke. As the quell that faith and now at last the truth was opened out these old men rich fruitage of peace and joy is would begin to nod assent, to ex- being gathered in. What greater press their delight, to ask questions, privilege could we have than to share yet more fully in this fruitage?

BLA.CK. gUSSIA «

lU SEA Vl eTABRI2. ~ RUMIA ~) ~ -J<A'2..B/N 0 't-'

HAMADANe ~ ~ y PROTESTANT MISSIONS ARABIA. INTHE TURKISH EMPIRE AND SURROUNDING COUNTRIES SHADED TERRITORY INDICATES ARMENIA. TOWNS WHERE MASSACRES AND DEPORT" ATIONS OFARMENIANS HAVe BeEN RE- POR.TEO-ARE UNDERLINED. • M I 551 ON STATIONS- – R.AI L ~OR OS

MISSIONS IN EUROPEAN AND ASIATIC TURKEY BEFORE THE

– I STATIONS , i I FOREIGN STAFF I I I NATIVE AGENCY CONGREGATIONS SCHOOLS MEDICAL MISSIONS .~ …; I .!2 .", ~" III ~ .o.-..l …. .~.~, ….. …. ~ :: :: ~ :: .e~.. . . .a .!2 .~ :: ·1 ~ ·..t i ….~.. ~" SOCIETIES ,/:, .·"S… .~ f! ~ .~ .j".. ~ ~" ~… 'i. :x": ~ -"l ~ II .0.. i 0 t; til 0 ~ "~ "'! It ~ ~ * Cl ~ ~ ~ ~ -.; ~" i ~ .~ ~ ….~.. ~~ ~ .~ R.

2: I .. .. .. .. . American Board ……………………………

Kaiserwerth Deaconesses' Homes ………………. 308 ! 55 14 65 ! 75 209 102 1015 192 15,748) 55,240 i13 1,865 437 24,146 9 11 134,357 .,. .. .. 32 , .. …. ·1 …….. …. 3 490 1 1 1,430 Lohmann's Armenian Aid Association …………… 5 10 9 j1 33 SO 6 71 108 …. .. . . . 1 . . . . . 1 .. 21 1,900 2 3 4,856 Dr. Lepsius' Germau Orient Mission …………….. 4 2 I, 1 2,848 2 . .. 1 7 1 5 … ….. ….. ,' .. . … 2 300 1 Friends' Armenian Mission ………………….. 1 ." 1 .. .. .. 2 , '" … … ….. ….. I .. …. 1 400 .. .. ……

98 100 .. …. 5 308 1 ….. ….. .. …. … ….. .. . American Reformed Presbyterians (Cililia and Cyprus) 3 " 321 2 .. 8 … 23 '" 1 7,888 British & Foreign Bible Society ……………….. 1 … 1 .. .. … 1 … … … …… .. American … Bible Society ·····················t···· 1 26 1 I .. .. … '" 26 … ….. . …. .. …. -'" ….. .. . ….. – – — — — – -'- – – – — – — — – – — TotaL ……………………………… 39 334 74 18 73 146 275 109 1140 300 15,846 55,340 113 1,865 469 27,534 14 17 151,379 Proteaiant Societies W orkinc in Turkey Mission Stations, or Places Where Mis- and Syria Before the War sionaries Reside 1. American Board of Commissioners (The figures refer to the Societies occupy- for Foreign Missions. ing each) 2. American Bible Society. Acre, 17. Jerusalem, 4, 17, 22, 3. Asia Minor Apostolic Institute.. Abeih, 7. 23, 32, 36. 4. Christian and Missionary Alliance. Adabazar, 1. 5. Friends' Foreign Missions Associa- Adana, 1. Kefr Yasif, 17. Adrianople, 15. Kessab, 1. tion of New England. Ain Karim, 4. Kochanes, 11. 6. Mennonite Church. Aintab,1. Konia,3. 7. Presbyterian Church, North. Alexandretta, 29. Kortcha, 1. 8. Reformed (Dutch) Church in Ameri- Aleppo, 27. Larnaca, 9, 22. Antioch, 29. Latakia, 9. ca. Baakleen, 28. Marash, I, 33. 9. Reformed Presbyterian Church. Baalbek, 18. Mardin, 1. 10. Seventh-day Adventists. Bagdad, 17. Marsovan, 1. 11. Archbishop's Mission to Assyrian Bardizag, 1, 10. Mersina,9. Busrah (Bassora), Monastir, 1. Christians. Mosul, 17. 12. Baptist Missionary Society. 8. Moush,33. 13. Beirut Orphanage. Beersheba, 4. Mt. of Olives, 17. 14. British and Foreign Bible Society. Beit Marl, ZO. Nablous, 12, 17. 15. British Jews' Society in Adrianople. Bethlehem, 17, 24. Nazareth, 17, 19. 16. British Syrian Mission Schools. Beirut, 7, 13, 14, 18, Nicosia, 9, 22. 17. Church Missionary Society. Oorfa, 1. 18. Church of Scotland Mission to Jews. 22,32. Ramallah, 5, 17. 19. Edinburgh Medical Mission Society. Bir Zeit, 17. Ramleh,17. 20. Friends' Foreign Mission Association Bitlis, 1. Ras el Meth, 20. Brousa, 1. Safed, 23, 31. of London. Brummana, 20. Salonica, 1. 21. Jaffa Medical Mission and Hospital. Cesarea, 1. She farner, 17. 22. Jerusalem and the East Mission. Constantinople, I, 2, Shemlan, 17. 23. London Society for the Propagation Shweifat, 25. 14, 18, 20, 23, 31, Sidon, 7. of Christianity Among Jews. 32. Sivas, 1. 24. Miss Dunn's Home. Damascus, 18, 19, Smyrna, I, 18, 23,32. 25. Miss Proctor's Mission and Schools. 23, 310. Suk el Ghurb, 7. 26. North African Mission. El Mouktareh, 18. Tarsus, 1. 27. Presbyterian Church of England. Erzerum, 1. Tiberias, 31. 28. Palestine and Lebanon Nurses' Mis- Es Salt, 17. Tirana, 1. Famagusta, 22. Trebizond, 1. sion. Gaza,17. Tripoli (Africa), 26- 29. Reformed Presbyterian Church of Hadjin, 1,6. Tripoli (Syria), 7. Haifa, 17, 22, 23, 35. Tyre,18. Ireland and Scotland. Harput, I, 33. Van, I, 11,33. 30. Tabeetha Mission Schools. Hasbeiya, 18. Zahleh,7. 31. United Free Church of Scotland. Hebron, 4, 31. 310. Presbyterian Church of Ireland. Jaffa, 4, 17, 2f, 23, 32. Deaconesses of Kaiserwerth. 30,35. 33. German Hiilfsbund. 34. German Orient Society. 35. J udischer Verein. 36. Moravian Church.

Assassination of

THE TURKISH PROGRAM OF ANNIHILATION DESCRIBED BY GOVERN- MENT REPRESENTATIVES, TEACHERS, MISSIONARIES, AND OTHER EYEWITNESSES ~T HE most brutal, the~ sible for the systematic program of most ruthless, the most extermination. Is not Germany also ~ inexcusable, and the responsible-if not for inciting the most widespread mas- outrage, at least for failure to de- sacres of Christians in mand that Turkey, her ally, imme- the last one thousand diately put an end to these butcher- ies. Turkey would not dare to conyears are deluging Armenia with the tinue a course that would involve the loss of German military and financial blood of men, women, and children. support.

Whole villages are wiped out by fire, The following is the text of the government order covering the case. sword, and deportation. It seems Art. 2d. "The commanders of the army, of independent army corps, evident that this movement against and of divisions may, in case of mili- tary necessity, and in case they susthe Armenians is part of a concerted pect espionage or treason, send away, singly or in mass, the inhabitants of scheme against all non-Turkish and villages or town, and install them in other places." Christian inhabitants of Turkey. It The original orders to commanders is estimated that already 800,000 have may have been reasonably humane; but the execution of them has been for perished at the hands of the Turks the most part cruelly harsh, and in many cases accompanied by horrible and Kurds in their fiendish "Holy brutality to women and children, to the sick and the aged. Whole vil- War." In the massacres of 1895-6 lages were deported at an hour's no- tice, with no opportunity to prepare under the Sultan Abdul-Hamid II., for the journey, not even, in some cases, to gather together the scattered according to carefully prepared sta- members of the family, so that little children were left behind. tistics, 88,243 Armenians, of whom The accounts of the sorrows of Arabout IO,OOO were Protestants, were menia are harrowing reading. -Many of -the facts have already been pubmurdered; more than 500,000 robbed lished. VIle gather many of them here that the readers of the REVIEW may of all they possest; 2,493 villages make them a subject of sympathetic and towns were plundered; 568 churches, of which 50 were Protes- tant, were pillaged and destroyed, and 282 others were turned into mosques.

In many places the victims were of- fered the choice between death and Islam and unhesitatingly chose to die rather than to give up even the little light that most of them possest. In 1909, soon after the Young Turks came into power, there were 5,000 or more who died in the Adana onslaught for which the government disclaimed responsibility. To-day, however, the Young Turk government is respon-

prayer, and that some may be led to people was manifestly a part of a campaign of extermination. give financial help toward the relief of the surviving widows and July ro. Persecution of Arme- nians assuming unprecedented proorphans.* portions. Reports from widely scat- tered regions indicate systematic at- For obvious reasons the names of tempt to uproot peaceful Armenian populations, and through arbitrary arthe various writers can not be given rests, terrible tortures, wholesale exat this time. These are known to pulsions and deportations from one end of the empire to the other, acthe American Committee, who vouch companied by frequent instances of rape, pillage, and murder, turning for them and their statements. In into massacre, to bring destitution and destruction upon them. This is most cases it is necessary to conceal not in response to fanatical .or popu- lar demand, but is purely arbitrary, the place from which the statements and directed from Constantinople. Untold misery, disease, starvation and were written, and even the name of loss of life will go on unchecked. _ .

the cities and towns referred to, in July 16. "Deportation of and ex- cesses against peaceful Armenians are order that the writer or his inter- increasing, and from harrowing re- ports of eye-witnesses it appears ests may not suffer irreparable that a campaign of race exterminaharm. tion is in progress." Protests and threats are unavailing and probably Documentary Evidence incite the Ottoman government to more drastic measures, as they are VVe quote from a few of the docu- determined to disclaim responsibility for their absolute disregard of capituments which are in the possession of lations, and I believe nothing short of actual force, which obviously the Unithe American Committee: ted States is not in a position to ex- ert, would adequately meet the situa- The reports of persecution, plun- tion.

der, and massacre of Armenians in July 31. "Armenians, mostly wo- men and children, deported from the the interior parts of the country be- Erzroom district, have been massa- cred near Kemakh, between Erzroom gan to come in April, when the scat- and Harpoot." Similar reports from other sources, that probably few of tering of large numbers of innocent these refugees wilI reach their des- tination. . . . * A special American Committee of eminent In many cases the men were (those Americans has investigated the reports, and while of military age were nearly all in the the sources of information must be withheld for the present. the committee vouches for the truth of the statements. This committee includes the Right Rev. David H. Greer, Protestant Episcopal Bishop of the Diocese of N ew York; Oscar S. Straus, former Secretary of Commerce and Labor, and ex· Ambassador to Turkey; Cleveland H. Dodge, of Phelps, Dodge & Co.; the Rev. Dr. Stephen S. Wise, Rabbi of the Free Synagog, New York; Charles R. Crane. of Chicago. Vice·Chairman of the Finance Committee of the Democratic National Committee during the last campaign; Arthur Curtiss James. Director of many railroads and of the Hanover National Bank, the United States Trust Company, and of Phelps, Dodge & Co.; the Rev. Dr. Prank Mason North, of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church; /ohn R. Mott, of the International Committee 0 the Young Men's Christian Association; William W. Rockhill former Ambassador to Turkey and former Ambassador to Russia; William Sloane, Presi· dent of W. & J. Sloane, 575 Fifth Avenue; the Rev. 'Dr. Edward Lincoln Smith, of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions; the Rev. Dr. Frederick Lynch, of the New York Peace Society; George A. PlImpton, of Ginn & Co., a trustee of Constantinople College; the Rev. Dr. James L. Barton, for many years a missionary in Turkey, and now the Secretary of the American Board of Commissjoners for Foreign Missions; the Rev. Dr. William J. Haven. one of tl)e fou'!.

ders of the Epworth League; Stanley White, Sec· retary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions; Professor Samuel P. Dutton, an authority on Balkan affairs.

Gifts for the relief of survivors may be sent to Chas. R. Crane, Treasurer, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York.

ASSASSINATION OF

army) bound tightly together with places added to this feeling. The ropes or chains. Women with little special Armenian troubles began in children in their arms, or in the last the beginning of May. In the middle days of pregnancy, were driven along of the night about 20 of the leadunder the whip like cattle. Three ing men of the national Armenian different cases came under my knowl- political parties were gathered up edge where the woman was delivered and sent to where they have been on the road, and because her brutal imprisoned ever since. In June the driver hurried her along she died of government began looking for weaphemorrhage. I also know of one case ons. Some of the Armenians were where the gendarme in charge was a seized, and, by torture, the confession humane man, and allowed the poor was extracted that a large number of woman several hours' rest, and then arms were in the hands of different procured a wagon for her to ride in. Armenians. A second inquisition be- Some women became so completely gan. The bastinado was used freworn out and hopeless that they left quently, as well as fire torture (in their infants beside the road. Many some cases eyes are said to have been women and girls have been outraged. put out). Many guns were delivered, At one place the commander of gen- but not all. The people were afraid darmerie openly told the men to that if they gave up their arms, they whom he consigned a large company would be massacred as in 1895. Arms that they were at liberty to do what had been brought in after the declarathey chose with the women and tion of the constitution with the pergirls. . . . mission of the government, and were for self-defense only. The torture The Use of Torture continued, and under its influence one fact after another leaked out. The trouble for the Armenians be- Under the nervous strain and physical gan, as for all other nationalities, suffering many things were said with the collection of soldiers. The which had no foundation in fact. government swept off all men possible Those inflicting the torture would for military service. Hundreds of tell the victim what they expected him the bread-winners marched away, to confess, and then beat him until leaving their wives and children with- he did it. The college mechanic had out means of support. In many cases constructed an iron "shot" for the the last bit of money was given to athletic games, and was beaten terfit out the departing soldier, leaving ribly in an effort to fasten the making the family in a pitifully destitute con- of bombs on the college. Some bombs dition. A number of Armenians were discovered in the Armenian were quite well off and paid their cemetery, which aroused the fury of military exemption fee. A much the Turks to white heat. It should larger number escaped in one way be said that it is very probable that and another, so there were more Ar- these bombs had been buried there in menians than Turks left in the city the clays of Abdul Hamid. . . . after the soldiers had gone. This made the government suspicious and Through the intervention of a fearful. The discovery of Armenian Turk, the college was able to free plots against the government in other

those of its teachers already taken, with people petitioning to become and obtain a stay of proceedings Mohammedans. Many did it for the against all of its teachers and employ- sake of their women and children, ees, by the payment of the sum of 275 feeling that it would be a matter of Turkish liras. Later this same Turk only a few weeks before relief would said that he believed that he could come.

obtain the permanent exemption of This deportation continued at in- the entire college by the payment of tervals for about two weeks. It is a further sum of 300 liras. The estimated that out of about 12,000 money was promised, but after some Armenians in – – – , only a few hun- negotiations, which shewed that no dred were left. Even those who definite assurance of exemption offered to accept Islam were sent would be forthcoming, the matter was away. . .

dropt. Dragged to Exile Panic and Outrage June 28, 19I5.

The panic in the city was terrible. I ,vish to inform you of conditions The people felt that the government here. They are very bad and daily was determined to extermi:1ate the getting worse. I suppose —- told Armenian race, and they were power- you of the horrible things taking less to resist. The people were sure place in – – – . Just such a reign that the men were being killed and of terror has begun in this city also.

the women kidnapped. Many of the Daily the police are searching the convicts in the prison had been re- houses of the Armenians for weap- leased, and the mountains around ons, and not finding any, they are – – – were full of bands of outlaws. taking the best and most honorable It was feared that the women and men and imprisoning them; some of children were taken some distance them they are exiling, and others from the city and left to the mercy they are torturing with red hot irons of these men. However that may be, to make them reveai the supposedly there are provable cases of the kid- concealed weapons. Four weeks ago napping of attractive young girls by they exiled IS men and their families, the Turkish officials of – – – . One sending them to the desert city of Moslem reported that a gendarme had —, three days' journey south of offered to sell him two girls for a here.

mejidieh. The women believed that The Gendarmerie Department seems they were going to worse than death, to have full control of affairs and and many carried poison in their pock- the Mutessarif upholds them. They ets to use if necessary. Some car- are now holding about 100 of the ried picks and shovels to bury those best citizens of the city in prison, and they knew would die by the wayside. to-day the gendarmerie chief called During this reign of terror notice was the Armenian Bishop and told him given that escape was easy; that any that unless the Armenians deliver one who accepted Islam would be their arms and the revolutionists allowed to remain safely at home. among them, that he has orders to The offices of the lawyers who re- exile the entire Armenian population corded applications were crowded of – – – ~.S they did the people of

ASSASSINATION OF

We know how the latter been brutally deported, deprived of were treated, for hundreds of them all their possessions, to the deserts of have been dragged through – – – Mesopotamia. A great number of on their way to the desert whither families have embraced Mohammed- they have been exiled. These poor anism to escape a certain death.

exiles were mostly women, children A Widow'. Story and old men, and they were clubbed and beaten and lashed along as tho A week before anything was done they had been wild animals, and their to – – – , the villages all around had women and girls were daily crimin- been emptied and their inhabitants had ally outraged, both by their guards become victims of the gendarmes and and the ruffians of every village marauding bands. Three days before through which they passed, as the the starting of the Armenians from former allowed the ,latter to enter – – – , after a week's imprisonment, the camp of the exiles at night, and Bishop – – – had been hanged, with even distributed the girls among the seven other notables. After these villagers for the night. These poor hangings, seven or eight other no- victims of their oppressors' lust and tables were killed in their own houses hate might better have died by the for refusing to go out of the tity.

bullet in their mountain home than Seventy or eighty other Armenians, be dragged about the country iu this after being beaten in prison, were way. About 2,000 of them have taken to the woods and killed. The passed through – – – , all more dead Armenian population of – – – was than alive; many hundreds have died sent off in three batches; I was from starvation and abuse along the among the third batch. My husband roadside, and nearly all are dying of died eight years ago, leaving me and starvation, thirst, or being kidnapped my eight-year-old daughter and my by the Anaza Arabs in the desert mother extensive possessions, so that where they have been taken. We we were living in comfort. Since know how they are being treated be- mobilization began, the – – – com- cause our – – – exiles are in the mandant has been living in my house same place, and one young Armenian free of rent. He told me not to go, doctor, who was there making medi- but I felt I must share the fate of cal examinations of soldiers for the my people. I took three horses with government, has returned and told me, loaded with provisions. My us. . . . daughter had some five-lira pieces The Young Turk government pur- around her neck, and I carried some sues unceasingly, and every day with twenty liras and four diamond rings added violence, the war to the finish on my person. All else that we had that it has declared against its Ar- was left behind. Our party left menian SUbjects. The provinces in- June 1st (old style), fifteen gen- habited by Armenians, which were darmes going with us. The party already under the reign of inde- numbered four or five hundred per- scribable terror, have been evacuated sons. We had got only two hours by force. Thus the Armenian com- away from home, when bands of munities, – – – and – – – , have villagers and brigands in large num-

bers, with rifles, guns, axes, etc., she would not be separated from me. surrounded us on the road, and Finally we were both taken into their robbed us of all we had. The gen- wagons on our promising to become darmes took my three horses and Moslems. As soon as we entered the sold them to Turkish mouhadjirs, araba, they began to teach us how to pocketing the money. They took my be Moslems, and changed our names, money and that from my daughter's calling me – – – and her – – – . neck, also all our food. After this they separated the men, one by one, **** and shot them all within six or seven days-every male over IS years of The Plight of the Exiles age. By my side were killed two priests, one of them over 90 years If it were simply a matter of being of age. These bandsmen took all the obliged to leave here to go somegood-lookin~ women and carried where else, it would not be so bad, them off on their horses. Very many but everybody knows it is a case of women and girls were thus carried going to one's death. If there was off to the mountains, among them my any doubt about it, it has been resister, whose one-year-old baby they moved by the arrival of a number threw away; a Turk picked it up and of parties, aggregating several thoucarried it off, I know not where. My sand people, from Erzroom and Ermother walked till she could walk no zinggan. I have visited their enfarther, and dropt by the roadside on campment a number of times and a mountain-top. We found on the talked with some of the people. A road many of those who had been in more pitiable sight can not be imagthe previous sections carried from ined. They are, almost without ex- – – – ; some women were among the ception, ragged, filthy, hungry, and killed, with their husbands and sons. sick. That is not surprizing, in view We also came across some old peo- of the fact that they have been on ple and little infants still alive but the road for nearly two months, with in a pitiful ,condition, having shouted no change of clothing, no chance to their voices away. We were not al- wash, no shelter, and little to eat. lowed to sleep at night in the vil- The government has been giving lages, but lay down outside. Under them some scanty rations here. I cover of the night indescribable deeds watched them one time when their were committed by the gendarmes, food was brought. Wild animals bandsmen, and villagers. Many of could not be worse. They rushed us died from hunger and strokes of upon the guards who carried the food apoplexy. Others were left by the and the guards beat them back with roadside, too feeble to go on. clubs, hitting hard enough to kill them sometimes. To watch them one One morning we saw fifty to sixty could hardly believe that these peawagons with about thirty Turkish pIe were human beings. widows, whose husbands had been killed in the war; and these were go- As one walks through the camp, ing to Constantinople. These women mothers offer their children and beg wanted to take my daughter, too, but one to take them. In fact, the Turks have been taking their choice of these children and girls for slaves, or

5] THE ASSASSINATION OF

worse. In fact, they have even had Lord Bryce's statements are contheir doctors there to examine the firmed by reports which come direct more likely girls and thus secure the from those who have firsthand best ones. knowledge.

There are very few men among Of the Armenian people as a whole them, as most of them have been one third or more are gone, and this killed on the road. All tell the same third includes the leaders in every story of having been attacked and walk of life, merchants, professional robbed by the Kurds. Most of them men, preachers, bishops, and Governwere attacked over and over again, ment officials. There is no certainty and a great number of them, especial- for those who are just now free. It ly the men, were killed. Women and is only temporary measures, such children were also killed. Many died, as bribes or special favors, that' have of course, from sickness and exhaus- secured postponement. tion on the way, and there have been deaths each day that they have been "It seems possible that something here. Several different parties have can be done to save those few who are arrived and, after remaining a day left. Permission has recently been obor two, have been pushed on with no tained through the German Embassy apparent destination. Those who for those connected with the German have reached here are only a small Mission, teachers and their families, portion, however, of those who orphans and servants, a circle of sevstarted. By continuing to drive these eral hundred, to remain. It is time people on in this way it will be pos- that America take whatever steps are sible to dispose of all of them in a possible to secure permission through comparatively short time. the American Ambassador for the remnant of the Armenians to remain A Plea for Intervention in their homes or to escape unharmed to more hospitable territory.

Viscount Bryce, formerly British American Missionary Interests * Ambassador to the United States, has made, through the Associated America has more interest in Tur- Press, a powerful plea that America key than any other country, or posshould try to stop the Armenian sibly than all Europe together. This slaughter. Lord Bryce is not one to interest is not political, but huma.nimisstate or exaggerate facts. Among tarian. In r8r9 the American Board other things, he says: "In Trebizond of Commissioners for Foreign Mis- City, where the Armenians numbered sions began work in the Ottoman over ten thousand, orders came from Empire, and has now for nearly a Constantinople to seize all Arme- century prosecuted that work with nians. Troops hunted them, drove vigor and statesman-like foresight and them to the shore, took them to sea, breadth. The missionaries have threw them overboard, and drowned introduced into the country the printthem all-men, women, and children. ing,press and a periodical literature, This was seen and described by the modern medicine and sanitation, the Italian Consul." • Paragraph quoted from The Outlook.

modern hospital, new industries and night and was severely beaten several commercial enterprises, and western times. About June 20th he was taken education, culminating in the well-or- out toward Diarbekir and murdered ganized colleges and graduate schools. in a general massacre on the road.

Some of these institutions are: the "Professor Nahigian, who had stud- Syrian Protestant College at Beirut, ied at Ann Arbor, was arrested about with its graduate schools; Robert Col- June 5th and shared Professor Tene- lege at Constantinople; and the Con- kejian's fate on the road.

stantinople College for Girls, each one "Professor Vorperian a Princeton of these incorporated in the United man, was taken to see a man beaten States and possessing a plant worth almost to death. He started into exile more than a million dollars. Besides under guard with his family, about these institutions of international re- July 5th, and was murdered beyond pute there are others, like the Inter- Malatia.

national College at Smyrna, Anatolia "Professor Boojicanian, an Edin- College at Marsovan, Teachers' Col- burgh graduate, was arrested with lege at Sivas, Euphrates College at Professor Tenekejian, suffered the Harput, Van College at Van, Aintab same tortures, and in addition had College at Aintab, Central Turkey three finger-nails pulled out by the College for Women at Marash, the roots, and was killed in the same American Collegiate Institute for massacre.

Girls at Smyrna, St. Paul's College "Of the female instructors one is re- at Tarsus, and, in addition, three ported killed in Chunkoosh, one re- times that number of high schools ported taken' to a Turkish harem; and academies with their intermediate three have not been heard from; four and preparatory schools dotting the others started out into exile, and ten country from Smyrna to Persia, and are free.

{rom the Black Sea to Arabia. The Armenians as a people have Among the many institutions to suf- been the most responsive to the ap- fer is the American Mission College peals of modern education. The ma- at Harput. One of the reliable in- jority of the 25,000 students in the formants writes: "Approximately schools north of Syria have been two-thirds of the girl pupils, and six- from this historic and virile race.

sevenths of the boys have been taken Thousands have taken graduate away to death, exile, or Moslem courses in the United States. It can homes. Of our professors four are be said that America discovered the gone and three are left. Armenian race and introduced it to "Professor Tenekejian, who was the Western World. It is, therefore, the Protestant representative of the eminently fitting that at this time of Americans with the Government, was death-struggle America should be the arrested on May I st. No charge was first to lift its voice in protest, and the made against him, but the hair of his 1110st ready to offer its help to save head, mustache and beard was pulled this nation from annihilation.

out in a vain effort to secure damag- There are some four hundred ing confessions. He was starved and Americans now in Turkey connected hung by the arms for a day and a with the various boards and institu-

ASSASSINATION OF

tions. With these are associated fully believe (and among these are the ten times that number of trained na- missionaries in large numbers, as well tives, mostly Armenians, Greeks, and as others) that Enver Pasha is under Syrians, all engaged in conducting a the pay of the Kaiser.

work that aims at bringing to that Who are the Armenians?· country the blessings of a Christian civilization. These Americans are In the strict use of the term, there remaining at their posts, endeavoring is no Armenia at the present day.

in every way in their power to re- The name is not used either politi- lieve and save their people. cally or geographically with refer- Upon the Armenian!> and the ence to a definite territory. When Greeks the blow is falling, but there used, the name refers in general to have been intimations that the Jews' a region centering about Lake Van turn will soon come. There are many in Asiatic Turkey, and extending indications that the Turks as a whole thence north and southwest. Ancient entertain no hostile feelings toward Armenia was a country whose bounds the Armenians and the Greeks, continually changed with the fortunes and would not carry out these drastic of war. The greater part of the remeasures of extermination were they gion now lies within the Turkish not forced to do so. Some have de- Empire, and is also called Kurdisclared that the measures are un-Mo- tan. This region contains only a hammedan, and so contrary to the fraction of the Armenian race. It is teachings of their religion. inhabited by Turks, Armenians, Rus- sians,' Persians, 'Kurds Circassians, In many places the local Turkish ;reeks, Nestorians, Yezidees, Syrauthorities have emphatically pro- ians, and Jews. tested. The Governor of – – – was called to Constantinople to answer to The early history of the Armethe charge of not obeying orders in nians is so mixed with myth and legcarrying out the drastic measures of end that the truth is difficult to find. the central government. Others have During the Assyrian and Median petold the missionaries that the meas- riods there was evidently a great orures were most cruel and unneces- ganized monarchy, with a strong milisary and even disastrous to the coun- tary power, in the Lake Van basin. try, but they were finally forced to At times they were formidable eneobey. Lenient and unwilling gover- mies of the Medes. This country was 10rs were transferred, like the one well known to the Assyrians as early at – – – , in whose place was in- as the ninth century B.C. It was in- habited by four races-the Mairi, the stalled the Governor of –, who U rarda, Minni, and the Hittites.

had already carried out with vigor These races appear to have main- the order of massacre and exter- tained the;r independence until the mination. time of Assur-bani-pal, about 640 So far as can be ascertained, the n.c., when the last king of this se- two Turkish officers, Enver Pasha ries succumbed to the Assyrian yoke.

and Talaat Bey, are the source of these measures. There are many who • Information gathered from the 'Encyclopedia of Missions.

But, at the time of Herodotus, every- It was the constant effort of Persia thing seems to indicate that a strange to subvert Armenian Christianity and people had entered the land, bringing establish Magianism in its stead. To with them a new language, new this end, cruel persecutions were un- names and customs, and a new re- dertaken, and frequent incursions ligion. The source from which they were made. From 632 to 859 A.D.

came is doubtful. Herodotus and Armenia was the scene of almost in- Stephen believe they came from cessant struggle between the Eastern Phrygia, while their language and Empire and the Mohammedans, and religion would indicate Media. One it became by turn subject to each.

thing is certain: the old Turanians It maintained its independence until had ceased to rule, and the Armenian 1375, when the last Armenian king, race had been formed, which is un- Leo VI., was captured by the Egyp- doubtedly a mixture of the ruling tians and banished.

Aryan tribes with the primitive Tu- From this time Armenia lost its ranian populations. (The word "Ar- separate national existence. The menia," used in Isaiah 37 : 38 greater part of the country was an- and 2 Kings I9: 37, is an incorrect nexed to Turkey, while the eastern translation for "the land of Ara- section remained subject to Persia, rat.") Armenian histories describe and the northeast to Russia. Russia the events of some sixteen centuries took another large section of Ar- respecting which contemporary evi- menia in 1878.

dence has not yet been found. Ac- In moral traits the Armenian com- cording to them, the first ruler of Ar- pares favorably with the other races menia was Haik, the son of Togar- of the East. The Armenians are . mah, the son of Gomar, the son of cultivators of the soil, artizans, mer- Japheth, the son of Noah. The Ar- chants, and bankers. They are per- menian histories also narrate that at severing, and shrewd in financial the time of the captivity of Israel a dealings. In Asiatic Turkey the certain number of the Hebrews es- Greeks alone can compare with them caped to the mountains of Armenia in trades, professions, business abil- and intermarriages took place. Later ity, and general intelligence. In .spite the· Armenian king, Kikran (Ti- of the general increase of poverty granes), was the friend and ally of throughout Turkey, the Armenians, Cyrus. His successor was Vahakn, up to the period of massacres of celebrated in song and story for his I895-96, held their own better than great victories, and deified after the other races. The number of Ar- death. menians in the world is estimated at In 67 B.C. Armenia became an ally from 2,000,000 to 3,000,000, two- of Rome, but rebelling, their king, thirds of whom reside in Turkey.

Ardavaz, was captured by Pompey The remainder are in Russia, Persia, and beheaded in Alexandria by Cleo- India, China, Africa, Europe, North patra, 30 B.C., and the country became and South America, and other coun- tributary to Rome. The country was tries. Up to the present time the na- in turmoil for two and a half cen- tion has preserved its individuality to turies thereafter. a remarkable degree, resembling in

ASSASSINATION OF

this respect, as in others, the Jews. of the Armenian beliefs are the fol- With their dispersal throughout the lowing: world, however, the Armenians intermarry with other races, and a dis- I. They believe the Spirit protinct tendency to race disintegration ceeds from the Father only. has appeared. 2. They accept seven sacraments, The Armeni'an Church and Beliefs altho in practise, baptism, confirma- tion, and unction are intermingled. Armenian writers claim that the Armenian Church goes back to the 3. They baptize infants eight days time of Christ. One Abgar or Ab- old or less by threefold immersion, garus, King of Edessa, is said by immediately offering them the com- Moses of Khorene, the Armenian munion. historian, to have been converted by hearing of the wonderful works of 4. They accept transubstantia- Jesus, and to have been baptized by tion, and worship the consecrated ele- Thaddeus, one of the seventy disci- ments as God. ples first sent out as missionaries. This Abgar is held by the Arme- S. They use unleavened bread, nians to have been their king, altho which is dipt in the wine and given Tacitus caJJs him King of the Arabs. to the people, who receive it into the It was not, however, until the mouth from the hand of the priest. fourth century that the Armenian nation as a whole accepted Christianity. 6. They pray for the dead, but At the beginning of that century Gre- deny Purgatory. gory the Illuminator preached at the Court of Armenia with such effect 7. They practise auricular conthat from that day to this Chris- fession to the priest, who imposes tianity has been the national religion penance and grants absolution, but of the Armenians. For this reason gives no indulgences. the Armenian Church is often called "The Gregorian Church." The Ar- 8. They pray to the Virgin and menians themselves, however, call it to the saints, and have great faith "The Church of the Illuminator (Lu- in their mediation. With the Greeks, savorchagan) ." they reject images and accept pic- tures. Persecution, as usual, only served to endear the Church to the people, 9. They believe in the perpetual and from that time it has been iden- virginity of Mary, "the Mother of tified with their nationality. Under God." Turkish rule each religious body is also a political organism. The Arme- 10. They regard baptism and renian Chur,ch is little more than that generation as the same thing, and at present. It is, therefore, insep- have no practical conception of a new arably identified with the race, and is birth. All are saved who partake of pervaded by much of the corruption the sacraments, do proper penance, of Oriental Christianity. observe the fasts of the Church, and perform good works. Among the leading characteristics I!. Original sin is believed to be removed by baptism, actual sin by confession and penance.

Services are held in the churches every morning at sunrise and each evening at sunset throughout the year.. The altar is invariably toward the

east. The sacrament of the Lord's sive with the Armenian race, so that Supper is observed twice a week, but one who withdraws from the Church the people partake usually only twice rej ects his nationality. (2) The a year. Mass is observed as one of Church is already nominally Christhe formal rites of the Church. Con- tian, but Christian life has little relafession to the priest is a necessary tion to the Christian profession. (3) preparation for participation. The poverty and oppression suffered by Armenians, and Oriental penuri- Originally the Church was under ousness. (4) The turning of young one spiritual head, the Catholicos, men to the Western world, as a refwho was the general bishop. He re- uge from oppression and massacre, sided at first at Sivas, but later con- and the consequent emigration of tentions arose, and with them divi- large numbers of the best youth. sions, until now there are three who hold his office. The Catholicos alone There have, however, been special can ordain bishops and consecrate the encouragements to the work among sacred oil which is used in the vari- Armenians. These include: (I) The ous ceremonies of the Church. religious nature of the race, and the fact that they accept the Bible as the Besides the Catholicos, there are in Word of God. (2) The general de- Turkey two patriarchs, one of whom sire for education. (3) The peculiar resides at Constantinople and one at relation of the Armenians to the Jerusalem. These offices were estab- 14,000,000 of other races among lished by Mohammedan authority for whom they dwell, and who must be political purposes alone. The patriarch reached largely through the evanmust have a bishop's office eccle- gelized Armenian Church. (4) Since siastically, but to this is added con- mission work began among the Arsiderable influence with the govern- menians, there has been a gradual rement and over all Gregorian Arme- jection of their superstitions and of nians in civil matters. The Patriarch their reliance upon rites, and a of Constantinople is, by virtue of his marked awakening in the line of office, the recognized civil head of the education. (5) Of late years, owing Armenian Church in Turkey. The to the urgent demands of the people priests are married, and must have a for the Gospel preaching, the bishops wife at the time of ordination, but and sometimes the priests and teachcan never remarry. The priest can ers, preach, and their sermons are not become a bishop unless· his wife often evangelical in tone and full of dies. wholesome advice. Some twenty thousand Armenians in Turkey are Evangelical Missions in Armenia members of Evangelical Christian churches and many others have be- There have been many obstacles to come enlightened through the work evangelical missionary work among of Protestant missionaries. Armenians. Among these are: ( I ) The idea that the church is co-cxten-

Christ's Conditions of

BY THE REV. JOHN HENRY JOWETT, D.D. Pastor of the Fifth Avenue P,-esbyte,-jan CllUrcD, New York NE hundred years ago the shall we begin the Christianizing of our thoughts? I JO American and British people signed the famons Our God treaty which ushered in the century of peace. First, we must Christianize our con- Difficulties have been ception of God. "He that hath seen Me met in good sense and self-restraint, and hath seen the Father." Our conception as Mr. Bryce has said, "Whenever there of God must begin and end in Christ our were mad manners in London there was good temper at Washington, and when Lord. Our conception must not be n. there was a storm on the Potomac, there was calm on the Thames." c. or A. D., but C. What shall we think Now at the end of the hundred years about God? Just what Jesus Christ ,ethere is a spectacle unprecedented in the veals. Lately we have been using the word history of the world, four thousand miles "God" without its Christian content. We of frontier line, invisible, undefended, have been going back to the Old Testawithout fortresses, without cannon, with- ment for our conception of God, and out military patrols; but marked hy even back to the early records of the Old happy homesteads and prosperous farms, Testament, back to the twilight of reveand stretching through almost endless lation, back to the God revealed in the leagues of waving grain. That U11- world's childhood, back to the e)emenguarded line is the most significant line tary standards, back to the time of the on the surface of the earth to-day, and first syllable, before the fuller Word had its profound significance lies in the won- yet been spoken. derful fact that it can not be seen. We have been opprest by the way What about the next hundred years? in which the name of God has been How is the shy, delicate genius of peace, used in the course of the present war. which is so easily offended and driven But what has been the value of the into exile, to be strongly and intimately name? By no chance have I seen him settled among us, and not only among called "the Father" in the invocations of the English-speaking peoples, but among kings or Kaiser. By no chance have I all the peoples of the globe? seen him addrest as Christ. No, it is the name of "God" robbed and emptied What is the guiding Word of God? of its Christ significance. It is the early "He that hath seen Me hath seen the Old Testament God, the God of battles, Father." We are tragically forgetting the Lord of Hosts. It is God, minLIS this word, and erasing it from our Christ! theories, and ignoring it in our practise. The significance is this: Christ is the The Old Testament is the wonderful ultimate expression of eternal realities. record of the slow education of a par- In Christ we see things as they really ticular people. The revelation begins in are. All our thinking must begin with the dawn, in the mist and dull haze d what He has revealed. If we would passing night, and the day brightens and secure lasting peace our thought-molds broadens until the full sun rises in Jesus must be Christianized. Where, then, Christ our Lord. Here is one of the things of the early twilight: "Eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, burning for burning, wound for

wound, stripe for stripe." That is where "Ye are all the children of God by * we are to-day; but that is not one of the faith in Jesus Christ.* * There is things revealed to us in Christ. Listen neither Jew nor Greek."

to our Lord: "But I say unto you, love "There is no difference between the your enemies." We have gone back co Jew and the Greek, for the same Lord the twilight for standards for the noon. over all is rich unto all that call upon This is one of the most deadly prac- him."

tical heresies of our time. We have un- "Where there is neither Greek nor christianized the name of God, and the Jew, Barbarian nor Scythian."

first and paramount necessity, if we arc How vast is the contrast between this ever to establish a lasting peace, is to conception and the one which I have restore that name to its Christian value. just named! But does the Christ-con- When we use the word "God" it must be ception wipe out the element of nation· Jesus whom we see. "He that hath seen ality and disregard it? By no means. It Me hath seen the Father." We shall disregards nationality as an ultimate, it never have peace until the God we wor- honors nationality as a mediate; it mag- ship, and to whom we offer our prayer, nifies nationality as a means; it rejects is the Lord and Father of us all, re- nationality as an end. Christianity con- vealed to us in the word and life and ceives national differences as the in- death of our Lord and Savior Jesus tended ministers of a richer union.

Christ. Nationality is not an orchestra, it is'only Our Nationality an instrument. Nationality is not a com- Another conception which needs to he plete picture, it is only a tint in the Christianized if an abiding peace is to making of a picture. In Christian teachmake her home among the children of ing endowments are specialized for the sake of a larger and general service. men is our conception of nationality. The nation is the servant of the race. Here again we can choose to live in the dim, hazy twilight, or in the fuller noon. Christianity, therefore, seeks to create We can choose to live in the early Old and nourish "the international mind." It Testament with Moses and Joshua, or is the mind which escapes from its own in the New Testament with Jesus Christ. national emphasis and moves sympa- We can do our thinking about nation- thetically over the universal field. That ality among the primitive standards, or is not a conception which disparages the we can go into the high school of Christ. unique endowments of a nation. Chris- tianity says: Cultivate your national Now where shall we get our thought gifts to the last degree of strength and molds of race and nationality? Shall refinement. Practise the mastery of we get them from Samson or from your own instrument to the last degree Christ? It is my deep conviction that of power, but always hold in view as the much of our evil practises have arisen aim of the mastery the enrichment of the from our unchristian thinking about racial orchestra of which you form a these things. We have wiped out the vital part. It is this Christianized con- Christian revelations and standards. We ception of nationality which is imperhave ignored Christ, and we pursue our atively needed in the world to-day if we thinking as tho He had never been. The are to enjoy the purposed relations of consequence is, our conception of nation. universal peace. ality is too often tribal and exclusive.

That is Old Testament thinking. It is Our Politics not the Christianized thought of the Another conception which needs to be New. Christianized, if human affairs are to lie Turn to the Christian revelation. in the bosom of peace, is our conception

of politics. Politics has become a de- ception of life. This is too often matebased word. It originally meant the rial and barbaric. It moves on the plane science and art of government. It meant where envy and jealousy breed, where the regulation of man in all his relations misunderstandings multiply, where strife as the member of a nation and a state. is engendered, and where fiery war springs to sudden birth. rt was a science and an art with large What, then, is life? Is it a collection ideals, and with correspondingly noble of things, or is it a set of relations? Is endeavor and achievement. To-day, pol- it a realm of having or a realm of being? itics too often means self-seeking, wire- If life is constituted of things, then in pulling, secret maneuvring, the pursuit the scramble for things we shall have of personal advantage, sectional cam- envy, and strife, and war, as long as the paigns, the magnifying of party interests world endures. But if life is determined above the welfare of the Nation and the by noble relations then the pursuit of State. It is too often a low scramble and true life will make war impossible. "To not a lofty crusade. And, therefore, be carnally minded is death, but to be there is urgent and immediate need that spiritually minded is life and peace." we Christianize our conception of politics. We must get back to Christ. What is this Christian conception of life? Here it is. "This is life, to know What is the aim and end of govern- Thee, and Jesus Christ whom Thou hast ment in the life and teachings of Christ? sent." Real life is to be intimate with It is this: "Thy kingdom come." And God, to be the friend of God, to find what is the kingdom? It is the kingdom delight in the pleasures of God. That is of "righteousness, and peace, and joy." life. From that august spiritual relation Therefore, the Christianized conception come all manner of spiritual fruits; love, of politics is such an intelligent direction purity, fidelity, sympathy, sacrifice. To of human government as will make all live unto God is to live God unto men. that is crooked straight, and appoint such relations in righteousness as will This is the word of the Christ. And provide a nest for the holy dove of peace, this must be the Church's contribution to and for all the singing birds of sacred the establishment of peace among men. joy. Christianized politics are human She must call men, by all the constraints regulations in the sphere of government of love and fear, out of the sultry for answering the prayer of our Lord, swamps of materialism, where fever "Thy kingdom come." breeds, and strife brews, up to the heights of the spirit, the hill of the Lord, When the politics of all nations be- the heavenly places in Christ Jesus. come the strenuous wrestlings of noble men and women, intent upon noble Chris- Once get that ideal enthroned in the tian ends, the fair spirit of holy peace minds of men and war shall be no more. will come and settle in the earth as a Life will have an altitude where war joyful and abiding guest. germs can not thrive. When life rings with the song of "Glory to God in the Our Life highest," there will be peace among men Again, if permanent peace is to be in whom He is well pleased.

secured we must Christianize our con- "If a wren can cling to a spray a-swing, In a mad May wind and sing and sing, As if she'd burst for joy, Vhy can not I contented lie, In His quiet arms, beneath His' sky, Unmoved by earth's annoy?"

"Tiger Year" In ]apan*

BY MISS GRACE NOTT ~~~,..a,;~IROBABLY no nation, say that this may largely be traced to either in the eastern or the Christian influence and Christian western hemisphere, is ideals which are quietly but surely per- without its own peculiar meating the. country. Then, again, the superstitions, Japan is non-Christian community had a won- no ex~eption to this rule. derful object-lesson in the self-sacrifice and the eager desire to help shown by 1914 was, according to Japanese reckon- the little band of Christians, who truly ing, the "Tiger Year," and as such was out of their poverty made others rich. greatly dreaded by a large proportion of the Japanese people, who felt that it 2. Death. of Prominent Persona must inevitably bring in its wake calami- Japan's losses by death in 1914 were ties of all sorts and kinds, and who were also very great. Among those who consequently only too thankful when it passed away are many whose lives had run its course and they were fairly seemed essential to the welfare of the launchoo on the "Rabbit Year," which nation. First among these stands the might spell monotony, but which would Empress Dowager. A quiet, retiring, assuredly mean less stress and strain. essentially womanly woman, she was still an ardent and wise reformer, and 1. Public Calamities in her the nation lost a representative of the best type of Japanese woman- The year 1914, so the superstitious hood, one who was loved by Old and say, lived up to its reputation! Early New Tapan alike. Out of the long list in January the Hokkaido was visited by a terribly severe famine, as a result of of other nam~s I will only mention which large numbers were starved to death, whole families subsisted on leaves three: Prince Arisugawa, the founder and roots, and parents were forced to of the Japanese Navy, who died in July; sell their daughters into virtual slavery Prince Katsura, one of the greatest in order to keep soul and body together. statesmen of modern times, and to whom we owe the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, Hot on the heels of this disaster came who died in October; and Count Aoki, another, for on the 12th of the same one of the few prominent Christian month the southern island of Japan, Japanese statesmen. Kiu-Shiu, was visited by an earthquake so severe that the whole of Sakurajima 3. Outbreak of War (an island in Kagoshima Bay) was des- In August came the outbreak of the troyed, and 20,000 people were left war. What Japan's navy did at Tsingtau homeless and without means of susten- is well known, and a recent letter to the ance. Times from one of our Admirals who was on the spot emphasizes once more A wful as these visitations were, they the valor as well as the humanity of had their bright side. For one thing, her officers and men. Her splendidly the Government came to the aid of the organized Red Cross Society is helping sufferers with a promptitude and in the countries of the Allies. A conhumanity hitherto unknown; and surely tingent of some twenty nurses is in we are not assuming too much when we * From the Church Missionary Review, July. 1915. England; about the same number are in he is in his seventy-seventh year, and, Russia nursing their former enemies; according to custom in the Sunrise Land, while others may be found in France. anyone who has reached the age of What effects the war will have 011 sixty is "Go Inkyo" (honorably retired) Christian Missions in Japan it is difficult and has no further say in either public to say. It was at first greatly feared or private affairs; but Count Okuma is a by some that the sight of Christian glorious exception. He is a liberal and nations at war would inevitably hinder all on the side of reform, an ardent the preaching, or at any rate the accept· patriot, and loved by Old and New ance, of the Gospel of Christ, but so Japan alike. It is reported that lately, far we can thankfully record it is not when speaking of his age, he said that so. Japan's sympathy is entirely with a man was only as old as his heart, and Great Britain. Letters from the front that he felt sure he would be spared to say that Young Japan is more eager work for Japan till he was 120 if his than formerly for the teaching of Christ. beloved country needed him. He has One of the British missionaries writes already suffered somewhat on his under date of December, 1914: country's behalf, an attempt having been "I have found no difficulties, but, on made on his life, which, tho happily the contrary, daily new openings on ac- frnstrated, resulted in the loss of one count of the war. The conduct of leg. He is not an avowed Christian, British troops and the line taken by the but his influence is all on the side of Government henceforth will be of tre- <::hristianity, as he has shown time and mendous importance. The East is again during his long public life.

watching keenly, and any moral failure Markedly was this the case some years on our part will do infinite harm." ago when addressing a mass meeting of 4. Relations with Americ"a students in Tokyo. He was not speak- ing to a Christian audience, or from a The Californian land question is one Christian standpoint, and yet he reiterof the most burning, and alas! it still ated his belief that if Japan were to 'seems as far from settlement as ever. keep her place in the forefront of the It is not so much that the Japanese wish nations, it was Christianity alone which to buy land and settle in California, but would enable her to do so. their plea is that they have a right to the same treatment as Italian and other To his influence may be traced the immigrants, and the solution seems to greater leniency of the Educational Delie, to quote Count Okuma, not so much partment toward Christian Missions, in diplomacy, law, and statesmanship, as and perhaps also the continuance of the in the power of the Christian conscience present Emperor's favorable attitude to· in America and in the teaching of human ward Christianity, as evinced by the gift brotherhood. of $50,000 to St. Luke's Hospital, and possibly also in a minor degree by his 5. Home Politics use of one of our mission schools in The baneful influence of the "Tiger Osaka as a rest-house during the mili· year," so say the superstitious, is trace- tary maneuvers.

able also in the stormy atmosphere of At this time, when Red Cross and home politics. Conditions have been hospital nurses are so much in our terribly strained, but the situation was minds, it may be interesting to note that saved, at any rate for the time, by the the Emperor was greatly imprest with return to office of the veteran states- the beauty and power of Christianity by man, Count Okuma. From a Japanese the faithful witness of a Christian nurse standpoint he is indeed a veteran, for who, at his own request, nursed him

through a severe illness when he was to revivify herself some years ago, and, Crown Prince. finding that Christian methods had so much success, started a campaign on 6. Social Questions the sa.me lines, even going so far as to print "Bibles" in which the only differ- If we turn to social questions in Japan ence from our own was that Buddha's we find that the national conscience is name was substitnted for our Lord's! at last awakening to the terrible indus- Such efforts were naturally doomed to trial and social conditions, and that the failure. Now the nation is faced by Government now, for the first time, is the Hongwanji Buddhist scandals. The working side by side with the Christian priests are accused of living in luxury churches for their amelioration. Plans and extravagance on the offerings of the are being made and carried on for the faithful. The misappropriated money is relief of sufferers from insanity, con- put at the enormous figure of two milsumption, and leprosy, as well as for lion yen, and the whole matter is being the improvement of the condition of investigated by the Government. factory workers. Of the heart-rending condition of the 200,000 lepers in Japan, Sad as all this is, we can surely see who are truly without hope, either for that here also "God is working His purthis world or the world to come, I can pose out." These scandals have helped only say that the Government is at last to plunge the nation into a mood of in some degree recognizing its respon- introspection and self-questioning, and sibility toward these sufferers, and is there is a general holding out of the holding out a hand of fellowship toward people's hands to God. As one result, the four well-known Christian leper several well-known men and women hospitals, two Protestant and two Roman have become Christians; others are Catholic, which have for so long been studying the New Testament and buycarrying on their Christian work, and is ing Bibles in an unprecedented way. In also making plans of its own for the one of the Government colleges alone relief of those suffering from this ter- the students bought one thousand copie!! rible scourge. of the Scriptures, and in another six hundred; while in the normal colleges a Of the condition of the 471,877 wo- Christian professor has been asked to men and children employed in factories give thirty lectures on Christianity. The it has been weI! said that "there is but searching of the nation after God has one life in Japan worse than that of the been emphasized again most strongly by factory slave." Twelve per cent. of the the holding of the second Conference of workers are under fourteen, and most Religions, called together by the eduare working fifteen hours a day, under cational authorities, who invited Shinconditions which are utterly demoral- toists, Buddhists, and Christians to take Izmg. Some of our missionaries have part.. If measured by actual results in long been working among them as far as the shape of formal actions its value is, the conditions would permit, while the perhaps, small, but in so far as it places elder girls from Miss Tristram's school Christianity among the recognized rein Osaka have also had the joy of tell- ligions of Japan its worth is enormous, ing them the Gospel story-which in and we may indeed take courage and go some cases has been eagerly accepted. forward. The Christians proved their moral power in this conference by the 7. Religious Conditions very practical questions which they On turning to the spiritual condition forced the authorities to consider, and of the country, we find that the old re- the general result has been to prove to ligious foundations have long been tottering. Buddhism made a great effort

1 5] THE "TIGER YEAR" IN JAPAN

the Japanese in authority that Chris- 10. The Japanese Language School tianity is a very practical religion and is far more fitted to meet the moral The Japanese Language School is an needs of the nation than any other. accomplished fact, and has received the recognition of the Educational Depart- S. Evangelistic Campaign ment; by this means experienced J apan- ese teachers are now available for all That the Christians themselves are desirous of learning the language. What alive to their responsibilities and to the this will mean to missionaries can great field which lies before them is again best be realized by those who have evinced by the three years' Evangelistic had to learn Japanese as best they Campaign of which the moving spirit is could from teachers who knew no word Dr. Mott, and which has now entered of English. on its second year. It is the direct outcome of the Japan Continuation Com- Even a brief survey of the chief mittee. Foreigners and Japanese of all events of the past year must make us sections of the Christian Church are realize afresh the tremendous opporworking side by side, and it is note- tunities that lie before us in the Sunrise worthy that the leadership of the Cam- Land. Probably there has never been paign is in the hands of the Japanese, a greater conviction on the part of the and that half the needed money is being nation at large as to their need and as raised by them. to the inadequacy of their moral stand- ards, or such constant public utterances Letters from' friends at the front tell by those in authority as to the value of of many encouraging results and of a Christianity for meeting that need. widespread spirit of inquiry, but they emphasize the lack of workers who are To quote from the address of the sadly needed to prepare the soil before- chairman of the Conference of Federhand and to gather in the harvest. The ated Missions held in 1914: Japanese themselves also are still prone perhaps to fall into their old temptation "There is no nation in the East better of speaking above the heads of their prepared for a religious awakening than audience, and using the occasion rather Japan, or one that realizes so well the as an opportunity for showing their value of the Christian character. Japan's powers of oratory than of preaching the recent humiliation over the naval scansimple Gospel. Still, the gigantic effort dals and other national lapses and weakis being owned of God and used to win nesses have served to turn the mind of many souls to Christ, while those who the people toward God." are taking part in it need much prayer and encouragement. The opportunity is tremendous, and our missionaries far too few for the work. 9. Christian Education Spirit-filled men and women are needed as never before to teach, yes, ,but above Christian education in Japan is still a all-in the language of that oft-quoted burning question, and the establishment address of Count Okuma's–Itto live of united Christian Universities for both Christ" before the eyes of the nation; men and women is under discussion. to prove to them that the divine life The Church Missionary Society has al- can be lived by men in purity, sywready decided to cooperate in the Cen- pathy, self-sacrifice, and love; to prov~ tral Theological School in Tokyo which that those who live this life have someincludes representatives of the Society thing which it is worth the while of the for the Propagation of the Gospel, the Japanese to seek, something which will Missionary Society of the Canadian crown all their best ideals and be the Church, and the American Episcopal only answer to all their struggles and Mission. unrest.

Missions In Haiti *

BY THE RT. REV. CHARLES B. COLMORE, D.D. Bishop in Charge of the Work of the Protestant Episcopal Church [In view of the fact that the United States Government has temporarily established a ten-year protectorate over Haiti, "Vest Indies, the following account of work in the island is of special interest.-EDITOR.] 1A-~""""""'''''liil1!J AITI is a black republic, worship allowed by those in authority. and as such presents pe- In the cities, as in most Latin-American culiar difficulties. Whites countries, there is more indifference to there are living in Haiti, religious matters than in the country. but that there are ex- The Church in Port-au-Prince has had tremely few will be read- other difficulties to contend with as well. Three times the city has been burned, ily understood from the fact that the laws and each time our church building has forbid any foreigner to hold property in been destroyed. A temporary structure of wood has been erected in such a way the land. . that when the permanent church is erected they can build over this one and In 1861 the Rev. J. T. Holly went to so not be deprived of a place of wor- ship. There is a great opportunity to Haiti to investigate the conditions there, establish a model missionary work in and he was so enthusiastic about the Port-au-Prince with the threefold accountry that he took his family and tivities of evangelical, educational, and practically the whole of a well-estab- medical work. Two schools have been lished school from New Haven, Conn., begun in the city, which, with proper to cast in their fortunes with those of equipment and supervision, can be helpthe repUblic. This was the beginning of ful. The Protestants say that they have the Protestant episcopal work, which to send their children to the Roman has been fostered by the American Catholic schools as these are the only Church. In 1874, the Rev. Mr. Holly ones which are sufficiently equipped and was chosen Bishop and received his con- organized. secration at the hands of the American Bishops. The Church was now organ- The material at hand may be undeized as an independent body in com- veloped and ignorant, but they are humunion with the Church in the United man beings with souls which are pre- States and was called "The Orthodox cious in the sight of our Heavenly Father. The vision may not be the Apostolic Church in Haiti."t brightest, but it is such as to inspire The country is nominally Roman one to effort for God. After all, it is mission work we are endeavoring to do, Catholic, but altho practically every child and that is to help others to a plane of is baptized, there is still much adherence life higher and nobler and more God-like to the African cults. The people, gener- than that which they know at the presally speaking, are kindly disposed to ent. Is there not a great opportunity other forms of religion, and there has to do God's work right here at our own always been a remarkable liberty of doors, among these less fortunate breth- ren of the Republic of Haiti? t In 1911 Bishop Holly died, and later the Can· vocation of the Orthodox Apostoltc Church voted to request the ChlfTCh ip.. the Un~te~ States. to ,re- ceive the Church In Haltt as a m1sstonary dlstrlct, and at their request Bishop Knight was placed. in charge until such time as the General Convenhon should determine the matter. In 1913 General Convention accepted the cession of territ,ory and placed it under the jurisdiction of the Blshop of Porto Rico.

* From The Living Ch«rch. ~ DEDADTMENT ~ , , OF . '" t;). / ' ……………. ".~…/ / BEST METHODS J CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK MISSIONARY SUGGESTIONS FOR CHRISTMAS ~C ~, HRISTMAS is coming. presents to one another on His birthday Already the shops are than we give in a whole year to win for gorgeous in holiday dress Him as a crown the world He died to save."-WrLLIS R. HOTCHKISS. … and rich in displays that ~ tempt the eye and fire We have made more of Christmas " the imagination. There than we have of Christ.

is the penny mechanical toy for the child We have made Christmas gifts to many people, but few direct to Him.- of the tenement and the costly electrical MRS. MAUD JUNKIN BALDWIN. affair for the child of the avenue. There Christianizing Christmas are make-believe automobiles that cost a "The tendency of late years to make few cents, and really truly ones that cost Christmas a mere holiday, a festival of lavish exchange of presents and of thousands of dollars. There is cheap, material ostentation, has so wrought upon interested church-members that there tawdry jewelry for rough, toil-worn has been a widespread reaction which assumes larger proportions each year," hands and wonderful gems for dainty, wrote William T. Ellis (The Religious Rambler), in his weekly contribution to toil-free fingers. In a few days the streets a syndicate of daily papers shortly be- fore Christmas last year. will be crowded with shoppers spending "The restoration of Christmas as priincredible sums. marily a day of religious significance is being wrought more definitely by the "Through it all I see the pinched faces Sunday-school than by any other agency. Their vast potency enables them to touch of the poor; I hear the sob of the suffer- practically an entire generation at once. So they are introducing the idea of a ing. Over against the gorgeous trap- 'giving Christmas' among the children. The Sunday-school celebrations, with pings of the day is the pathetic spectacle their 'treats' for the children, have been so common that even the joke-makers of a world, two-thirds of which is still know about them.

unreached by the message of a Savior. "All this is being boldly assailed in the ranks of the Sunday-school itself. In Up through the sounds of festivity in an increasing number of schools the chil- honor of the advent of His Son there comes to the ear of God the discordant noises of a world out of harmony with Him.

"A thousand millions have never heard the name of Christ, and yet the placid surface of our indifference is hardly ruffled by the fact. We write sweet nothings and talk sweet platitudes about the Babe of Bethlehem, shutting our eyes to the sight of myriads of children in heathen lands who have never had a chance to hear the story that has glad- dened our lives and gladdens the lives of our children. And we spend more on

dren are being trained to bring gifts to the holidays we have all been longing the Christmas celebration instead of for." taking them away. Mr. Riis proved a true prophet. The To associate Christmas with the un- idea met with such immediate response selfish idea of sacrifice and of service to that now many communities have their others is the goal which has been set. Christmas-trees with people of every In this connection it has become the nationality and every walk of life gatherusage in many denominations to make ing '!round them to sing the much-loved a Christmas offering for home and for- hymns of the Nativity. eign missions. The day is primarily the incarnation of the missionary idea, and But not every community is making the growth of gifts at this season for full use of the opportunity the tree afcarrying the Gospel into lands afar has fords to bind together the various nationbeen very marked in recent years." alities included in its population. Every- where it serves to rally the people to a As we are succeeding in a nation-wide new recognition of the fact that Christ- effort to crowd out the insane celebra- mas is the birthday of the Christ, but tion of the Fourth of July, let the missionary workers especially should see churches and Sunday-schools take cour- to it that it also preaches a winsome ser- age and begin at once a united move- mon on inter-racial brotherhood and fur- ment in every town to have an unselfish nishes a place where Italians and Poles, and joyous Christian celebration of the Swedes and Lithuanians may mingle "holidays" which many have forgotten with one another and with Americans, means "holy days !"-WILBUR F. CRAFTS, and, for the time at least, forget race- D.D. prejudice in the common homage they offer to the Christ. THE COMMUNITY CHRISTMAS TREE Some of the smaller communities, no- No nation ever had a more wonderful tably in Massachusetts, have taken the opportunity than America at the present lead in this. At Fitchburg each nationtime. The whole world has come to us ality was invited to sing national airs and we can, if we will, preach the Gos- and Christmas hymns around the tree, pel to the whole world from our own each in its own language. And at Southdoorstep. Christmas affords many op- wick an important feature of the proportunities for doing this if only we will gram was as follows: make use of them. Christmas Exercises in Many Tongues: The Community Christmas-tree is one 1. In English by School-children. of these. From the day, three years ago, 2. In Polish by Polish-Americans. when a wonderful 60-foot tree in Madi- 3. In Swedish by Swedish-Americans. son Square, with blazing star, gave all 4. In Italian by Italian-Americans. New York a sense of brotherhood, a new note has been sounded in the country at On the front cover of Southwick's at- Christmas time. tractive program this bit of rime was printed which served as the motto of the "Doubtless this tree in Madison Square day: was the first of a great many such THE FIRST TOWN TREE Christmas-trees in America," wrote Ja- "Tho differing in ways and speech, cob Riis, from whom it is said the seed- 'vVe gather round our Christmas tree, thought originally came. "Indeed, it was Our Christmas thought this day shal1 born a twin-its sister grew the same be, night on Boston Common. But it was more than the first tree. It was a mile- Each one for all and all for each." stone marking the new appreciation of

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On the back cover a Christmas mes- United States, because she had been in- sage was printed in the varied speech of vited to spend her Christmas vacation the town-English, Swedish, Italian, and in a fellow student's home. Polish.* "For the sake of the great plastic YOUR CHRISTMAS GUESTS nations they represent, the future of which they will so deeply influence, I be- Inviting a foreign student to spend speak for the Oriental students in this the Christmas holidays in a Christian country the friendship of Christian home, or even to spend an evening or people who will put them in touch with partake of a single meal, is a beautiful the people and influences most helpful service to a lonely soul which may, with to them."

the blessing of God, result in great Last Christmas Mrs. Henry W. Pea- things for foreign missions. body invited six of the young Chinese "Especially would I bespeak for the girls, who had recently come to New Oriental students in this country the hos- York as students under the Indemnity pitality of Christian homes," said Miss Fund, to spend Christmas with her in Margaret Burton, Foreign Secretary of her beautiful country home in Beverly, the Young Women's Christian Associa- Mass. There was a trip to Boston on tion, in an address at the Student Volun- Christmas Eve with dinner in town, the teer Movement at Kansas City last year. great Christmas tree on Boston Com- "One of the first Orientals that studied mon, the carols on Beacon Hill, and the in the United States said, many years stores with their Christmas goods and after his return to his native land, in gay decorations. Returning home, stock- looking back on his years here, that the ings were hung by the fireplace and early greatest blessing of his life in America Christmas morning, before it was light, was the opportunity it gave him to know Mrs. Peabody was awakened by a chorus the home life of our people. of joyous Chinese voices which sang "It would be ideal if all Oriental stu- just outside her door, first, "Holy Night"

dents could live in American homes while in their native Chinese, then, "0, Come here; but where this is not possible it All Ye Faithful," in English..

means much to them to be welcomed into Other beautiful homes in and around American households at vacation times, Boston had also been opened to this first for week-ends, or even for single meals. company of women Indemnity Students, Few experiences are so highly appre- so that each of the young women was ciated by them. One young girl who able to spend her first American Christ- has been in the United States almost two mas in a real Christian home. There years told me that so far she had had were many festivities during the week, almost no opportunity to know what our the crowning of which was a reception homes are like, and that she was most on New Year's Day at Mrs. Peabody's eager to know American family life. home to which all the officers of the Judging from a letter I received from ,,vomen's Foreign Missionary Boards in her just before the Christmas holidays, Boston and vicinity were invited.

that time would probably be the hap- To the girls it was not only a time of piest she has known since coming to the great enjoyment but of very great privi- lege. "The best time I ever had," said * Excellent articles on "The Community Christ· one of the most homesick ones to Miss mas Tree," with many suggestions, will be found Burton. "But the things we loved bes(" in The Survey, December 5, 1914, pages 258-260: wrote another after recounting all the The Craftsman, February, 1913, pages 497-500: and good times, "were the morning prayers Overland. December. 1914. pages 561-2. As these and the quiet talks with Mrs. Peabody." magazines are on file in most public libraries they can easily be consulted. See also HThe Christmas Spirit," by Irene Mason, Missionary Education Movement, price 10 cents.

The hostesses, too, had their reward. of them of such general interest as to Most of the young women are products be acceptable to persons who have little of Christian Mission Schools in or near or no interest in missions. The follow- Shanghai and Canton, and by their quiet, ing belong to this class: modest demeanor and sweet Christian characters, made a most favorable im- "Love Story of a Maiden of Cathay." pression. "It may be a pleasure to the (Revell.) . 50 cents. Chinese girls to be in our homes," said a charming hostess to Miss Burton, "but "Love Stories of Great Missionaries." I can assure you that it means more to (Revell.) 50 cents. us to have them than it can mean to them to come." "The Little Green God." (Revell.) 7S cents. The Oriental students are by no means the only foreign students in colleges and Grenfell's books, "Harvest of the Sea" preparatory schools. There are thou- (Revell, $1.00) and "Off the Rocks" (Sunsands of them from Mexico, South day-School Times Company, $1.00). America, and indeed almost every missionary land. What a joy it would be Steiner's "The Broken Wall." (Revell.) and how much it might mean to the $1.00. Kingdom of God if each of them should this year share in the festivities in honor For the dog-lover, be he man or boy, of the Christ Child in a Christian Amer- Egerton R. Young's stories of his misican home! sionary dogs, "My Dogs in the North- land," would be especially good. (Revell, YOUR CHRISTMAS GIFTS $1.25. ) By selecting things missionary in 3. Games. The game, "Who's Who character Christmas gifts may be made in Missions" (Sunday-School Times to do double duty. They may not only Company, 50 cents), would be approserve as reminders of love and friend- priate for children and adults who wish ship but will perhaps be the means to become familiar with the faces and of awakening an interest in the great task the Savior of the world has placed mprl.iSn.ScliOpanlane.evse.nts in the lives of fifty great in the hands of His Church. Here are a few suggestions: 4. Pins and badges. For members of women's missionary societies, the pretty 1. A subscription to a missionary mag- little "Coronation Pin" adopted by the azine, denominational or interdenomi- Federation of Women's Foreign Misnational. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF sionary Societies as their official badge, THE WORLD, with its broad view of world would be a pleasing gift. These may conditions, its wealth of fine pictures and be ordered from any woman's board at its practical helps, makes an ideal gift. 35 cents for composit metal and $1.75 The same is true of Everyland for the for solid gold. There are also denomichildren and Men and Missions for the national pins especially in young women. The publishers of almost all mis- men's and children's societies, that would sionary magazines are prepared to send make pretty gifts. attractive gift certificates bearing the name of the donor so as to reach the 5. Curios. For Sunday-school classes recipient on Christmas Day. there is nothing better than some little 2. A missionary book. There are curio from a missionary land. In small many inexpensive missionary books that cities where there is no oriental store it would make ideal Christmas gifts, some is not always possible to get them, but by searching through the ten-cent stores they may sometimes be found. A pair of chopsticks would be a great novelty to many children, and boys especially would be pleased with the little cowrie shell stick-pins which may be obtained

15] DEPARTMENT OF BEST METHODS 86~

in lots of ten or more at the rate of 2 members of the Sunday-school and cents each from the David C. Cook Pub- church, or shall we impress anew the lishing Company, Elgin, Ill. Cowrie real significance of Christmas Day and shells formerly took the place of money give expression to the Christmas spirit in many parts of Africa, and it will add by gifts to those who are less fortunate? to the value of the pins if something is told of the use of the shells. For this The great danger in many Christmas see "Eighteen Years in Uganda," by celebrations is to forget the tidings of Bishop Tucker, page 339, vo!. 2. great joy and let the Christmas season lose its real meaning to the hearts of The following novelties put out by the men. More emphasis needs to be placed Beacon Hill Farm Association, Fu- upon the fact that it is Christ's birthday, chau, China, would also make good and that through His coming, His life, His death and His resurrection, we now gifts: (1) Little leaden boxes of Jas- have the Christmas cheer and the spirit of peace and good-will toward men.- mine Flower Scented Tea, which has a JANE B. SMITH, Hartford School of Redelicate and most unusual flavor. Price ligious Pedagogy, in The Sunday School 25 cents a box, postage 4 cents extra. Times. (2) Packages of Chinese Lang-gang, containing four, five, or five and a half If Christ Had Not Come yards, according to the grade. This is a narrow, hand-woven ribbon in attrac- Some months ago a little story was tive designs and gay colors, used in published in The Epworth Herald that trimming women's dresses and shoes, can be made the basis of a very effective and is fine for tying Christmas pack- object lesson for a Christmas program. ages. Price 25 cents a package, 5 pack- Nothing better could be found to give ages for $1.00 to one address. (3) children some idea of the social value of Christmas and New Year's Rainbow foreign missions. Flag Book-mark souvenirs in Chinese envelops ready for mailing. Price 7 A little girl had been given a very cents each, 4 for 25 cents, 20 for $1.00 to complete model of a village, which she one address. All these may be obtained liked to play with very much. from Miss Emily S. Hartwell, Fuchau, China. The tea may also be had (usu- "What kind of a town is it?" her father ally without delay) from Miss Flora asked one morning when she had set it Starr, 718 Simpson Street, Evanston, up. II!., and the Lang-gang and souvenirs from Miss Sarah Avery, 14 King Street, "Oh. a Christian town," the child Worcester, Mass. All profits go to the answered. support of children in China who would otherwise either starve or be sold. "Suppose we make it a heathen town," the father suggested. "What must we THE CHRISTMAS PROGRAM'" take out?"

The Chief Aim.-In planning for a "The church," promptly answered the Christmas program thoughtful Sunday- little girl, taking it out. school workers must seriously consider the purpose of the program. Shall we "Is that all?" the father asked. aim only to amuse and entertain the "I guess so," the child answered. "No, indeed," her father said. Then * The Best Methods Department of THE M,S· he took out the public school and the library. ~IONARY REVIEW for December, 1913, and Novem- "Anything else?" asked the child. ber, 1914, contained a large number of suggestions "Isn't that a hospital over there?" for Christmas missionary programs. Others may "Yes; but, father, they have hospitals, be found in "The Christmas Spirit," by Irene don't they?" Mason, Missionary Education Movement, price 10 "Not in heathen countries," he excents.

plained. "It was Christ who taught us continuous impulse by which the original to care for the sick and feeble ones." light of Christ's revelation has been spread over all the world. Taking a large The little girl looked soberly around candle to symbolize this original light of the little town and presently took away Christ's truth, the Apostles, Evangelists, also the Old Ladies' Home, the Orphans' and St. Paul are lighted directly from Home, and the Insane Asylum. this. It is the Christ-light burning in another life, fed by that life's experience. "Why, father," she exclaimed, "there's From St. Paul the light is given to St. not one good thing left. I wouldn't live Luke and the Churches of Asia Minor, in such a town for anything." Rome and Greece. From Rome it is given to Europe, from Europe to England, and In using this as a Christmas object- thence by the way of our Church and lesson the model of a little village such others, on and on. The transmission and as is described in the story should be multiplication of the original light must provided. This can either be purchased go on until the whole world shines with or made from cardboard. The patterns Christ. The candle-flames may be so and directions for making a Japanese arranged that at the end they will form house given in "Missionary Helps for a cross of light, stretching out its arms Junior Leaders,"* pages 11 and 13, to infinite need. would help in this. The liquid glue now obtainable in tubes will he found of great "For equipment use a short step-ladassistance. der, draped, and the requisite number of candles (29 in this case), of which one, The subject matter may be given either to represent Christ, should be very large. by two persons-an adult and a childwho impersonate the father and daughter, or by some one person who takes the part of the father and calls forth the child's part from the school. The latter plan would probably make the most lasting impression.

If greater length is desired, the dialog can· easily be elaborated by having the father add brief statements concerning the .animal hospitals of India and the treatment of the sick and insane in lands where Christ is not known.

Christ the Light of the World Order of the Candle-LighlillY The following object-lesson on mis- 1. Christ. sionary history devised by the Rev. P . .R. Osgood of the Protestant Episcopal 2. St. Matthew } From Christ Church and printed in The Spirit of 3. St. Mark 111issions, is especially appropriate for the Christmas program. Care should be 4. St. John taken to guard against fire. Do not place the candles too close together, as the heat 'of so many lighted at once will tend to soften them and make them bend over.

'The missionary enthusiasm of the Church," says Mr. Osgood, "has been a * "Missionary Helps for Junior Leaders," by Margaret Tyson Applegarth , and. Nellie Prescott. . Central' C01Dmittee on Unite<!Study' of . Foreign Missions, West Medford, Mass. Price, 25 cents.

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j516 oTtheenr having a getting Christmas we have a 7 Apostles giving Christmas and help them out." ~ tak~~h~ ~lace 10 of Judas From Christ This met with an enthusiastic response and mite-boxes were at once distributed. 11 Two Evan- Every Sunday items of information were 12 gelists presented to keep up the interest, and each class was asked to keep its gifts 13 were secret. When at last Christmas Eve 14 Apostles) came, when the gifts were to be brought in, the church was beautifully decorated. (15) St. Paul- From Christ Miracu- "Never was there a more gorgeous tree, lously nor a more crowded audience," says one of the members. 16. St. Luke-From St. Paul After the opening exercises the pastor 17. Asia MinOr} From St. Paul called the classes, the superintendent and 18. Rome assistant standing by with pad and pen- cil. When Class 1 was called, a tiny 19. Greece girl came through the crowded aisles carrying the gift of the primary class. 20. Europe-From Rome "Nine dollars," she whispered as she 2l. England-From Europe. handed the money to the treasurer. "Nine dollars," announced the superintendent 22. U. S.-From England. of the school. "Class 2" brought a small 23. Canada-From England. boy of six, who announced "Seven dol- 1 So far as our lars and seventy-six cents," as he proud- 24. JCahpianna ly handed it in. 25. 26. Africa As class after class responded, the in- Church is con- terest became intense. The room was 27. South America cerned, from the very still, the children hardly daring to 28. Alaska I United States breathe lest they lose some announce- 29. Philippines J ment. $28 from one class was greeted by a chorus of supprest A Christmas Gift to the Laurel Country "Oh's" from all over the room, and $32 from another capped the climax. The A few years ago, when a Presbyterian last gift was $5, from a member of Sunday-school in Cadillac, Michigan, the school who has since gone to China. was asked to help send a missionary When the sum total, $235.00, was anteacher to the mountaineers in the Laurel nounced, a hush fell upon the school, Country, South Carolina, the superin- which was broken by the superintendent tendent resolved to make it a special ob- saying, "The Laurel Mountain children ject at the coming Christmas. The Home will have their teacher. Let us sing, Mission Monthly tells of his success. 'Fraise God, from whom all blessings The first thing he did was to tell the flow.' " children something about these people isolated in the Southern Mountains. N ext he read a letter asking for a teacher for them, and at the close made his appeal. "We can not have those boys and men come over the hard trail for news of what we will do for them," he said, "and then go home to the girls and women with the word that Cadillac Sunday-school will not send them a missionary teacher. I move that instead of He knows, and loves, and cares- Nothing this truth can dim- And does the very best for those Who leave the choice with Him.

WODLD-W1DE

MISSI AnY NEWS LATIN AMERICA the theory of Christianity without this service. Why has not the Church seen Protestants in the Mexican Crisis this wonderful opportunity here in Mexico as well as in the remote corners A WRITER in The Missionary Sur- of the earth. The best hospitals and vey says that the Protestant Church sanitary cars of the country are mere in Mexico is wielding a tremendous in- makeshifts. The wounded are not atfluence-not as a Church, but through tended to, principally because they have the individual members now associated an inadequate corps of doctors and in the various armies. It is said that helpers-inadequate in numbers and igthe wife of Carranza, the first chief of norant of the first principles of sanitathe Constitutional army, is a Protestant, tion and first aid; also for lack of inand he himself, tho not actually a mem- terest and a lack of funds and of heads. ber of the Protestant Church, is openly It is the way the average Mexican does friendly. Many of the native ministers the average thing. Fortunately, I have hold positions of importance in the had Protestant Mexicans to help· me and various armies, and the story goes that they are always different. in all of the armies there is not a single Protestant who was enrolled as a pri- AA Mixed Multitude in Argentina vate. Whether that statement be strict- VIVID glimpse of the cosmopolitan ly accurate or not, it certainly indicates immigration into Argentina-where the part that Protestants are playing in more than 300,000 newcomers arrive the hour of the nation's crisis. A mis- each year-is given in a letter from sionary who has spent years in Mexico Mr. W. C. K. Torre. The following says that he has not heard the word paragraphs are of special interest: "Protestante" used in contempt since the We have in this city of Buenos Ayres opening of the revolution. 1,500,000 souls, and the population in- creases. With the natural growth and Medical Opportunities in Mexico the inflowing tide of immigrants from Europe, the need seems to me to be in- E VEN in the midst of revolution and creasing. The other day I asked a turmoil in Mexico there is still a call brother who has been visiting the imfor missionaty work. Miss Mary migrants on arrival, distributing Gospels Turner of the Presbyterian Mission among them and seeking to help them, writes from the hospital in Aguas if he would go out into the street, Calientes: If Christian doctors and speak to the first 20 men he met, and • nurses could know how great the needs see what they knew of the Bible. He are here for efficient help and money, did so, and the result is most instructhere would certainly be a few who tive. These twenty men represented would volunteer to come and a few of 6 different nationalities-Spanish, Ital~ the rich who would send them. The ian, Servian, Uruguayan, Portuguese, evangelical Church could gain more and Rumanian. The Uruguayan said within a few months of practical service he had read portions of the Bible. One in the army of wounded and ill, than with years of preaching and teaching

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

Spaniard knew something about the special interests as Bible study with all Bible, but he had never read it. A departments-city, college, railroad, etc. Portuguese said he had read the Bible. An Italian had read the Bible and Mr. Mott is to have two associate seemed to have faith in the Lord Jesus. general secretaries, Frederick B. Shipp, Another Spaniard said he had studied who will give special attention to the at a Jesuit College in Spain, but he had business concerns of the committee, and never had a Bible in his hands. And Fletcher S. Brockman, who is called what about the other 15? N one of home from service in China to at- them had ever seen a Bible, and by tend to the foreign department and to their replies they knew nothing about serve as lieutenant to Mr. Mott in special it.-Bible in the World. tasks within the home department as well. Charles D. Hurrey, who has been Brazilians Publicly Accept Christianity the executive of the college department, succeeds in the foreign student's de- D URING the past month we have had partment Willard D. Lyon, who has gone the joy of reaping some of the re- out to Shanghai, while David R. Porter sults of our sowing. At Pirassununga is promoted from high school work to fill we received fifteen on profession of Mr. Hurrey's position among American faith, and seven at Santa Rita, leaving college men. Mr. Mott will continue on the roll of candidates several who had without cessation his work on the Conapplied for membership in the Church. tinuation Committee of the vVorld's Mis- In the last week several, the majority of sionary Conference and on the World's them men, have publicly accepted Christ. Christian Federation. At Dourado where we opened work in January, I preached three nights in suc- A A Baptist Five-Year Program cession, using the stereopticon for the T its meeting in Los Angeles in May, first time at that point. My congrega- the Northern Baptist Convention tions varied from one hundred and adopted the following five-year program ninety the first night to almost five hun- of aggressive spiritual activity, which dred the last night, and many were takes as its obj ective the development of turned away. At the close of the last every church into an evangelistic and service I gave the people an opportunity social force in its community. The defito accept Christ, and thirty-three re- nite goals set before the denomination sponded.-W. G. BORCHERS, Santa Rita, by this program are: A million addi- Brazil. tions to the churches by baptism; a mis- sionary force of 5,000 men and women NORTH AMERICA in America and the non-Christian world; two million dollars of endowment for John R. Matt's New Work the Ministers and Missionaries Benefit Board; six million dollars for additional JOHN R. Mott has accepted the posi- educational endowment and equipment tion of general secretary of the Inter- at home and abroad; an annual income national Committee of Young Men's of six million dollars for missions and Christian Associations as successor to benevolence. The methods recom- Richard C. Morse, who has been the mended for the accomplishment of this official leader of American Young Men's high aim are: A persistent, pervasive Christian Associations since his election Evangelism-personal, pastoral and voas general secretary in 1869. cational; the systematic and propor- tionate giving of not less than one-tenth The entrance of Mr. Mott upon this of the income, with larger giving by new service involves a complete re- those of larger resources; the Annual organization of the International Committee staff, and efficiency has further been promoted by a plan relating such

Every-Member Canvass for weekly the closed door of a church. The text giving and spiritual efficiency; an in- has a militant note reading; "Men creasing emphasis on education-Bib- wanted, National Missionary Campaign, lical, missionary and scholastic; the de- 1915-1916. Enlist for World Service. velopment of every Church in social Conventions in 75 cities." service; prevailing prayer-personal, public and social. As a reminder of the aims of this National Campaign it may be well to The Episcopal Emergency Fund quote from the call issued by the movement at its Lake Geneva con- W ITH the $375,000 contributed to vention; To the end of making oc- the Emergency Fund of the Prot- casion for such deep and grave inquiry estant Episcopal Church Board of Mis- and such lofty resolution as the great sions, the emergency has been met, even day in which we live requires of us all, tho the fund was not completed on Sep- the movement has provided-as it trusts tember 1St. In other words, the mis- under inspiration of the Spirit of God sionary treasury is practically out of -for holding great rallies for men of debt for the first time in eight years! the Church in seventy-five distributed The church has not only given the Emer- and accessible centers of American popugency Fund of $375,000, but has also ex- lation from October of the present year ceeded by $20,000 its gifts on the regular to April of the next. To each of these apportionment; so that about $400,000 there will come chosen leaders of over and above the giving of last year thought and action, to lay before such has come into the treasury. as are desirous to meet and confer there- upon the great charge of God to His con- One feature worth noting is that the temporary Church, the measureless fund has not been padded or inflated in resources with which He has enriched any way. There have been no com- His people for the doing of His will, and mittees of two waiting upon wealthy the means which will fairly put to test churchmen, and no whirlwind canvass the primary question of the agesmethods; neither were any large sums whether the followers of Christ are inheld back to be announced at the last deed able to take the world for Him. moment. The largest gift was $5,000 and there have been about 8,000 con- A New Inter-Church Commission tributions. The giving was real, spontaneous and personal; it represents de- INCREASED Christian efficiency in sire rather than pressure. dealing with community problems which concern the Church is the task set National Missionary Campaign for the new commission of the Federal Council of the churches of Christ in A POSTER in· four colors is to be America. Last June a conference of displayed in front of thousands of representatives from Christian organizachurches to announce the National Mis- tions doing cooperative work on a nasionary Campaign, the opening feature tional scale, was held at Atlantic City. of which is a great interdenominational Strong delegations were present from convention for men in Chicago, begin- such organizations as the Laymen's ning October 14th and closing next April Missionary Movement, the International in Washington, D. C. Sunday School Association, the Inter- national Committee of Y. M. C. A., the The poster is symbolical of both home National Board of the Y. W. C. A., the and foreign missions, the non-Christian Home Missions Council and other simiworld being typified by a great idol with lar organizations. This conference a group of worshipers before it, and mission work at home by a man standing bewildered in a city street before

asked the Federal Council to form a worship, and the Archbishop pointed out commission to make a careful survey of that England on her knees at home can all federated work now being carried on accomplish more perhaps than England throughout the country, to help federa- fighting in or out of trenches abroad. tions already formed, and to cooperate It is reported that a national movement in forming new ones where conditions has sprung up in the churches of Engwere favorable. land and Scotland in favor of family prayers in the home. It is said that This commission has been organized Free and Established church people are The membership in a large measure re- interested in about equal numbers, and presents unofficially the movement which that speakers are setting out to the protook part in the Atlantic City confer- vinces to talk in its fayor.-The Churchence. It is thus practically a federation man. of federated movements, and Rev. Roy B. Guild was elected Executive Secre- Jewish "Endeavor" Movement tary. AN interesting development is in prog- EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN ress in connection with the Kil- burn and Brondesbury Hebrew and British Charity Religion Classes. In order to provide a "Jewish atmosphere" for young THE world-war has produced world- people who might otherwise suffer from charity on a scale hitherto unknown. religious neglect, juvenile services have The total value of British contributions been arranged in the local synagog, last year is estimated at $125,000,000. If whereat young Israelites have been engifts from the British possessions are couraged to read the liturgy and to added, the amount will be nearer $175,- carry through the general proceedings 000,000. Australian contributions in of public worship. In short, there has money alone exceeded $15,000,000. The arisen in the midst of Jewry an ana- Prince of Wales Fund for the year log of the world-wide Christian Enreached a total of $27,500,000, and local deavor movement, and impartial obcontributions brought this up to $40,000,- servers declare that it promises to pro- 000. The Belgian Relief Commission mote reverence and an intelligent incollected nearly $10,000,000 and the terest in the services of the synagog. Times Red Cross Fund brought in Letters in the Jewish papers show that $8,000,000. the movement has not yet passed the stage of opposition. . A Revival of Family Prayer THE CONTINENT THREE marked tendencies in the re- ligious life of England and Scotland A War Prison Y. M. C. A. to-day are by many observers attributed to the war. One is a popular wave of THE bringing together of great enthusiasm for family prayer. Another bodies of young men in military hosis better observance of Sunday as a day pitals and in camps as prisoners of war of rest. And the third is such measure offers an almost unprecedented opporof cooperation between the Anglican tunity for Christian work, and the Inand Free Churches as was not dreamed ternational Y. M. C. A. has not been possible one year ago. A great meeting slow in recognizing this. In response has recently been held in London, at- to a formal inquiry, the German War tended by Free and Established church- Ministry stated that they would welmen in about equal numbers, and having come the cooperation of the Young for chairman a Free Church layman and Men's Christian Association in the work for principal speaker the Archbishop of Canterbury. The subject was family

for the prisoners of war, and in con- and love among differing races. I ex- sequence there has been erected near perience this fact every year at the GOttingen the first war prison Y. M. C. Eastern Conference at Teschen in Aus- A. building in the world. It contains a trian Silesia. German and Polish large hall, which will be used for wor- brethren sing the same hymns at the ship by pastors, priests, and rabbi; for same time in their respective" tongues. concerts and lectures, and as a reading One prays in Polish and is immediately room; a small hall as a quiet room for followed by another in German. I prayer, also for choir and orchestra prac- rejoice greatly to be a connecting link tises, and three small rooms for edu- in all Austria for these little groups- cational work. The equipment consists Bohemian, Polish, Hungarian, German, of a library of English, French, and Slovak, and Ruthenian. It is gratify- Russian books, piano, harmonium, ing to see how the Gospel is beginning tables, benches, blackboards, maps, and to gain entry among the Slovaks. pictures. Brother Chraska, a member of the Free Reformed Church, has just completed "In front of the building, which is a translation of the Bible into Slovenbeautifully situated, the Commandant ish and along with him a young, fiery has had laid out a formal garden. The Slovene believer, Brother Chlastan, has building was put up by the men them- started to spread the Bible among his selves, and they are also making the people. He has done this without legal equipment." authority and has had, consequently, to suffer fine and imprisonment repeat- The extension of similar work in the edly. The Society of Christian Enmilitary camps of Germany is under the deavor in Agram, under the active direction of a committee appointed by leadership of Mr. Schumacher, a school the National Committee of the German principal, proposes to engage a mis- Y. M. C. A. sionary for the Croats.-Recard of Christian Work. The Bible in Ireland Indian Troops in Europe T HE annual report of the Bible and Colportage Society for Ireland rec- THE Y. M. C. A. of India has been ords a welcome increase in sales for the making a record in its service to year. In Ireland, as a rule, the colporteur confines his attention to scat- the native troop contingents sent to tered country districts, where the people Europe. All the money for this extra live far from book-shops, and where the work has been raised in India. Beginmeans of getting literature is difficult. nings were made by the Bombay Asso- It is here the agent does some of his best ciation as the native troops came pourwork as a missionary and evangelist, as ing into the city for embarkation. Last well as "the man with the Book." Dur- October, twelve secretaries sailed from ing the year 5,500 copies of the Scrip- Bombay to be with the troops in tures were disposed of, and nearly 20,000 France, among them being Dr. S. K. tracts and booklets distributed. Datta, one of the young leaders in the Indian church to-day. They organize Sure Cure for Race Hatred literary, athletic, and social events, pASTOR MONSKY, Secretary of the provide post-office facilities, write let- ters for the natives by the ten thou- Evangelical Society of Austria, sand, issue a little paper in Urdu to affirms that the unhappy racial ani- furnish them with war and home news, mosities of that land cease within the run barber shops, sell mustard oil, circles of the Gemeinschaft (evangelical Christians) . "Where Jesus is really in men's hearts there are peace

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carry stuffs, soap, matches, etc., and countries as gifts of American Sunday- actually hold French classes for the school scholars, is trying hard to meet Hindu officers, having issued 25,000 the great demands that are being made copies of a booklet of French-Urdu upon it. Rev. A. C. Harte, working in phrases. The secretaries are both In- prison-camps in Germany writes: "I dians and Englishmen. am beginning to distribute the Testa- REV.Russian Protestants in War-Time ments, and long before this reaches you, I will have used up the 40,000. WILLIAM FETLER, the Rus- . It will be good if you can get another sian Baptist preacher, who, as the 40,000 or 80,000 for us." REVIEW has already stated, is now in A worker in Austria writes: "Thou- New York, is far from enthusiastic sands of soldiers and prisoners of war over the prospects of real and general :n this way get their own New Testareligious liberty being soon established ment or a copy of the Gospels which in that country. Many signs since the most of them never possest before. outbreak of the war, such as a new That the men in the trenches prize the spirit toward the Jews and the Poles, gift is evident from extracts from solhave encouraged English observers to diers' letters, such as these; . predict an era of liberalization, but "A book in the trenches is better Mr. Fetler is inclined to quite the op- than the knapsack full of provisions. posite forecast. At least, the Protes- Anyone who has spiritual food for us tants of Russia have experienced more is welcome." trouble since war began than for a long "We are hungry after spiritual food. time before it. My library consists of Faust, Lillien- Immediately after Russia plunged cron's Selected Poems, and the New into the great European struggle, Testament which one has learned again officious government agents recalled to read." that the Stundists-the original Rus- sian Protestants-were mostly non- MOSLEM LANDS resistants, and on principle opposed to The Future of Armenia war. Also, it was remembered that the Stundists arose originally in a German A CORRESPONDENT in the Mancolony within Russian bounds. On cheJ:ter Guardian, referring to Art. these grounds it was assumed that Rus- 61 of the Berlin Treaty, writes: sian Protestants were likely to be sympathetic with the enemies of the nation, "When the general settlement takes or at least indifferent to the progress place at the close of the war, the Powers of the war. Shortly after Mr. FetIer's should not forget the interests of the arrest and exile, already described, Armenians, and that not for the sake of eleven other Protestant preachers were the Armenians alone, but also for the sake banished, ten of them being sent to of Turkey and of the maintenance of Siberia. It seems plain that the most peace in Europe. Because if Armenia bigoted party of the Russian orthodox is allowed to remain in her present church has employed the war situation wretched condition she will surely convery skilfully to its own advantage. tinue to appeal to Europe and to Eng- land for help, and Europe, being moved, will seek to interfere, and thus the East- Testaments Wanted in Germany ern question will still remain open.

THE "Million Testament" Movement, "It is evident that the geographical inaugurated by the World's Sunday- and ethnological conditions of Armenia school Association to send Testaments do not permit of her being constituted and Gospels to soldiers in the warring an autonomous unit. Being a commer-

cial people in the towns, and agricultural elements of arithmetic and science. The in the rural districts, what they demand boy must drone away aloud at the is the possibility of carrying on their bus- strange rhythmic sentences without a iness, commerce and agriculture, with- word of interpretation from the teacher, out being molested by the lawless. There until he has memorized the Koran from is no need of elaborate schemes or drafts cover to cover! The Koran has some of new laws. It is quite sufficient that exalted portions, approaching in style a governor-general be appointed with and power the Book of Psalms and the consent of the Ambassadors of the Job; but as a whole it has had a degrad- Powers for a number of years. The ing and retarding influence both on the jurisdiction of this governor would ex- personal and social life. It is after all tend over the six vilayets mostly popu- a reflection of the tragedy of Mohamlated by the Armenians. This governor, med's Iife-a character gifted with rare endowed with judicial and executive spiritual powers, but under the stress of powers, would be responsible for the temptation yielding to lust, revenge, depeace and tranquility of the country ceit and the fire of fanaticism.-REv. and for the carrying out of the laws. STEPHEN V AN R. TROWBRIDGE. The governor should organize and have at his disposal a local force of militia INDIA recruited from the inhabitants, and in the case of need the military forces of German Missionaries in India the country would also be at his command. Such a governor would be quite THE British government of India capable of pacifying the country and in- has decided that all enemy aliens troducing good government, happiness in that country must be either interned and contentment in those lawless prov- or deported. The decision wiII chiefly Inces. affect the German missionaries, of whom there are a large number in A A Need of Moslem Children India. At the beginning of July, a NEED which characterizes the child considerable number of these mission- life of Moslem lands is for a Holy aries had' been removed from Assam, Book that can be understood and that is Behar and Orissa, but a fair number in the common language of the country. still remained, especially in the dis- I have often looked in upon a room full triCts of Chota Nagpur, where a Luof Turkish school boys seated cross- theran mission long has been establegged on the floor, each with his Koran lished. At the beginning of April in front of him, memorizing each line there were 442 alien enemy missionin that strange Arabic language of which aries in the whole of India, of whom he knows nothing save the alphabet. The 115 had been interned or paroled. Only Koran is a little longer than the New a few Germans and Austrians were Testament and contains a confusion of pt:rmitted to remain at large in Upper ecstatic poetry, historic legends, cere- India, and those now have been sent monial laws, and personal adventures of to the detention camp at Dagshai in the Prophet. All this is in a language the Simla district. and style as unintelligible to a Turkish or a Persian boy as Virgil's "JEneid" The work of the Schleswig-Holwould be to a boy in one of our grammar stein Mission in India has been comschools. He is under the sharp eye and pelled to stop because of the war. At threatening rod of the schoolmaster, the beginning of the war Superintenwhose whole training has been in schol- dent Timmke dismissed 200 boarding astic Moslem theology, instead of in the pupils and 78 seminarists and 194 teacher helpers who were laboring in baptismal instruction, etc. ; teachers were placed on half pay and the gov-

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ernment was successfully petitioned to these ten years. Everywhere we went take over the expense of the upkeep we could hear the people talking of of the seminary, three high schools and "The Jesus Church." Great crowds two hospitals. The male missionaries came for all the services. Except for were all placed in concentration camps two or three times when it was raining at Ahmednagar near Bombay, while the hard, the tent, seating about one thou- women and children were taken to sand, was full and most of the time more Waltair. Two sisters were allowed to than full. Fully 2,500 people attended return to Europe. The imprisoned the services each day for twelve days.

missionaries are compelled by the sub- All classes cam~. Some 1,200 portions ordinate officers to do hard labor daily. of the Scripture were sold, and 4,000 Superintendent Timmke is only allowed tracts distributed. Over 200 proba- to write once a month to the mission tioners were enlisted.

stations where there are 17,000 Chris- tians and 7,000 catechumen without an Modern Methods in Chuchow ordained native pastor. Missionary THE report of the missionaries in N eudorffer of the General Council of Chuchow, China, brings together a the Lutheran Church of North America was able to visit the field twice and striking group of facts which illustrate was of great help and benefit.-All- both the wonderful transition in China gemeine Missions Nachrichten, August, and the marvelous openings for the 1915. Gospel there now. In a small $3,000 hospital the medical missionary treated CHINA over 1,600 cases during the month and, Thirty Thousand Hear the Gospel with his Chinese helpers, vaccinated 346. The missionaries are directing L ATE in the year 1914 the two de- famine relief for 800 people by build- nominations (Southern Presby- terian and Southern Methodist) doing ing a macadam street, the money all work in this city, met to discuss the furnished by Chinese, and Christian advisability of having some sort of a services for these people are held gathering to celebrate the tenth anni- weekly in the Confucian temple! The versary of the coming of Protestantism adult Bible class in this interior Chi- to Changchow. To be sure many mis- nese city has had seventy in attendsionaries and Chinese workers had been ance, and these non-Christian officials here before and some of them left and business men have been studying faster than they came, and that to the the Gospel of Luke to find out the tune of stones and the then usual title basis of Christianity. This Chinese given to the foreigner; but it was in city is not only being led to do the the year 1904 that the first house was unheard of, construct a macadam rented and the first Protestant preach- street, but the missionaries have pushed er moved into the city. It was decided them along toward Christian ideals for to have the celebration in April, 1915. child life until they actually have a We had such a meeting as this people city playground, and gymnastic ap- had never seen. All former pastors paratus has been provided for it. And were invited and some came. The finally, China has a Boy Scout move- Suchow District tent was used, as no ment, led by the missionaries.

church was large enough to accom- A Chinese Children's Magazine modate the crowds. This we pitched on the lot formerly occupied by the. HAPPY CHILDHOOD, the new jail in the center of the city. Chang- magazine for Chinese children, is chow has never been so stirred in all meeting with unexpected success. Mrs.

MacGillivray, its devoted editor, says they considered a more acceptable in a recent letter: dress, in order to acquaint the literary class with its contents and remove the "I know you will be delighted to hear prejudice against Christianity. The that so far the magazine has met a Bible has also been introduced into very warm welcome from all parts of some Government schools as a text- China. For instance there is a mis- book. To its influence Dr. Hykes atsion to rickshaw coolies here in Shan- tributes not only such reforms as the ghai. The founder and director is a abolition of torture, the decrease of business man, and the mission take in infanticide, the going out of fashion forty copies per month and say they have of footbinding, the tendency to subnever had anything that has helped stitute monogamy for polygamy, but them so much. Miss Bonnell of the also reforms in the administration of Door of Hope says the girls have never justice, the abolition of opium-smoking, had anything to read in which they the adoption of a national scheme of have taken such interest as this mag- education, and the growing recognition azine. I also have had letters of ap- of the right of free thought, free preciation from Manchuria, Shantung, speech, and free conscience. Foochow, Canton, and many other places. General Chang in Peking of German Mission in China the Chinese army subscribes for eleven copies, ten of which he sends to an THE Missionary Magazine of the orphanage and one for his own family. In writing he said, 'This paper is truly Allegemeine Evangelische Missionsa light for the children of China.' verein reports: Since' March 1, 1915, The children's competition page is also our Seminary in Tsingtau has again a great success. Children from all been opened; about 50 pupils are now over China are sending in answers, and instructed. In March one of our Chinthis month we sent little prizes to ese was baptized. Our Chinese lady Foochow, Shantung, Manchuria, Ki- teacher, Mrs. Dschang, returned to angsi, and one to Shanghai. The sub- Tsingtau. The girls are awaiting anxscription list now stands at over six- iously the opening of our girls' school. teen hundred, and we hope for an in- Missionary Voskamp, of the Berlin Miscrease in the autumn." sion, is again allowed to preach and has opened one schoo!. The Chinese The Bible and Chinese Civilization Christians and helpers were a credit to themselves, not one of them back- MANY of the radical changes for slid. They all pray for Germany and for a speedy peace.-Calwer Missions- . the better in Chinese life, char- blatt. acter, customs and government can be directly traced to the influence of the On the China-Burmese Border Bible. The Rev. John R. Hykes of THIRTEEN thousand converts have China reported facts to prove this at the World's Bible Congress in San been baptized on the Kengtung field Francisco. Besides the various trans- in the extreme east of Burma. About lations made by missionaries, the Bible 4,500 of them are on the Chinese side was translated into Chinese by Chou- of the line. With the exception of fu, Provincial Treasurer of Shantung, eight churches near the border, these in conjunction with Li Hung-chang. converts have not been organized. They copied out the entire Bible in the When the first ingathering took place literary language, their object being to on this field eleven years ago, within produce an independent version in what a month groups came from across the China border, both of the Wa and

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

Lahu tribes, begging the missionaries on John 14: 6. The prominent ladies of to come to them at once with the the city attend this class, and some of Gospel. This same appeal has been them were baptized this year. I think sounding ever since. Native workers many preachers in America would envy who have toured the section regularly me, if they could see the enquirers' report many villages where the entire class on Saturday nights. This year population has exprest a desire to be we have had about 30 in attendance, baptized. In one of these, Ho Hko, most of them young people, and the whose 130 families all desire baptism, time is devoted only to study of the the teacht;rs stayed a few days, and Word. Ve have nine out-stations in eighteen villages from the surrounding the province, where workers are living. country sent in representatives saying There are one hundred and forty their entire villages desired baptism at towns with an average population of once. Rev. W. M. Young, in writing 5,000. Our work will be finished when of this situation, says: we shall have built up a self-supporting church in all these towns." "If we open this work on a proper basis and give them the Gospel I have Good and Evil in ConRict no doubt we will soon have more converts on this field to the north than we INa recent Church Missionary Review have in all Burma to-day." Grace Nott says: "Buddhism mad( a great effort to revivify herself some JAPAN-KOREA years ago, and, finding that Christian methods had so much success, started REV. Work in One City a campaign on the same lines, even CHARLES A. LOGAN writes going .so far as to print 'Bibles' in home: "Our work in the city of which the only difference from our own Tokushima (population 70,000) lS was that Buddha's name was substigrowing. The self-supporting church is tuted for our Lord's! Such efforts making steady progress, and gradually were naturally doomed to failure. Now reaching the more influential people of the nation is faced by the Hongwanji the city. There are two other mission Buddhist scandals; the priests are acchurches where evangelists are working, cused of living in luxury and extravaand one preaching place in the center gance on the offerings of the faithful. of the city, where I preach twice a The misappropriated money is put at week, and conduct a night-school. We the enormous figure of 2,000,000 yen, are now planning for a union evangelis- and the whole matter is being investitic campaign for this fall. About gated by the government. Sad as all eight promil1ent speakers will come, and this is, we can surely see that here also speak' in the churches, theaters, public 'God is working His purpose out.' As hall, government schools, railroad sta- one result, several well-known men and tion, and other companies' offices. Some women have become Christians; others of our most interesting meetings are are studying the New Testament and held in our home. English Bible classes buying Bibles in an unprecedented way." for students on Tuesdays, the ladies' cooking class on Wednesdays, Christian Tokyo Sunday-School Convention Poatwomen's meeting on Fridays, and the poned children's meeting and Bible study for enquirers on Saturdays. The ladies' ANOTHER result of the war has cooking class met here to-day. Mrs. been the postponement of the Logan taught them how to make ice World's Sunday-School Conventioh, so cream, and then their Bible lesson waS long announced as to be held in Tokyo in October, 1916. 58 n<l,tions wen:

represented at the Zurich Convention cation in Korea. The Korean Sundayin 1913, and it had been confidently school Association during the present expected that the holding of the next year has by the adoption of Sundaygathering in Tokyo would do much to school standards and the energetic prostrengthen the bonds which unite Chris- motion of Sunday-school· work been tians throughout the world. The Ex- fitting the Sunday-school for the greatly ecutive Committee of the World's Sun- increased responsibility it must bear for day-School Association, however, real- the Christian education of Korean ized that the belligerent nations would youth in the near future. not send delegates, and therefore decided at their meeting in September to AFRICA postpone the convention to a date soon after the close of the war, the date A New Y. M. C. A. Building in Egypt to be suggested by the Japanese Committee, of which Count Okuma, Prime REV. STEPHEN VAN R. TROW- Minister of Japan, is Chairman. An- BRIDGE sends an account of the other reason for this decision, also due opening of the new Y. M. C. A. building to the war, was that difficulties have in Alexandria on September lIth. The been encountered in the matter of building, which adjoins the Regina Palproper transportation facilities for ace Hotel, is to be used especially for the American delegates because of the scar- benefit of British soldiers and sailors. city of desirable ships. More than 3,000 The cost was met jointly by the British Americans have asked for information Y. M. C. A., the British and Australian in view of possible attendance at the Red Cross Societies, and by the Y. M. convention, a full year before the date C. A., in America. In opening the new set. building Sir Henry MacMahon, the High Commissioner, paid a high tribute to the When conditions permit, the eighth work of the Y. M. C. A. in Egypt. Mr. convention of the world's Sunday-school Jessop and his helpers have done releaders will be held in Tokyo with all markable service-both social and spiritthe features originally planned. ual-among the troops in Egypt. Not only have reading and writing tents been The Sunday-School Opportunity in established for their comfort but many have been converted in the Bible classes Korea and Evangelistic Meetings.

IN view of the Japanese ordinance Mr. Trowbridge also writes of the great opportunities presented for Chris- against religious education in mis- tian work among the wounded soldiers sion schools (already referred to in from Gallipoli who are filli,.-g the hosthe REVIEW) the Sunday-schools will have an added responsibility. While pitals of Alexandria. ~fa~y of. them the regulation is technically no more hostile to Christianity than to other having faced death are now beginning religions, and simply separates religion a new life that will never end. from education in regular schools, whether public or private, it does de- European Bishops on the West Coast prive Christian missions of one of their most valuable agencies of religious FOR a European an episcopate of education. The fact that there is yet twenty-one years in West Africa is 10 years before the full operation of the regulations gives ample time for unique, and Bishop Oluwole in his adthe organization of the 8unday-school dress to the Synod said: as a serious agency of Christian edu- We have so far had 13 European bishops of the Anglican Church on the West Coast: 9 of Sierra Leone, 2 of Accra, and 2 of Western Equatorial Africa. The first 3 bishops of Sierra

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

Leone died within 7 years-an average Ifon, and Imeri, in the Owo district, of two and one-third years. Two re- besides passing through some of the tired, each at the end of ten years. One Akure stations on the way here. At retired after 14 years, and his successor I fan and Imeri several candidates were after 4. The next died after 8 years. baptized. During the year six new The present bishop succeeded in 1910. churches have been built, and three new Bishop Hill died about six months after houses for teachers, two of these hav- his consecration. Bishop Hamlyn had ing been built in anticipation of having to retire after six years, and was suc- teachers to occupy them soon."

ceeded by Bishop O'Rorke, in 1913.

Thus you see that the episcopate of Remarkable Progress our bishop is far and away the longest NEARLY 11,000 people (7,627 of European episcopate on this coast. Nor whom were adults) were baptized should we forget that he had previously in the diocese of Western Equatorial served as a missionary among us for Africa last year-the highest number four years, so that this year also marks ever reported in one year in any Church his semi-jubilee in the country. Only Missionary Society mission. Of the six other European male missionaries adults the men numbered 5,752 and the had a longer record in West Africa: women 1,875. There are 21,399 catechu- Townsend and Wood, of 40 years each; mens on the registers, and of these Mann and Maser, of 32 each; Hinderer 14,179 are men and 7,220 women. Comof 28; and Harding of 29. menting on these figures at the first session of the fourth synod, held at The following statistics are of in- Lagos, Bishop Oluwole said: "These terest as indicating the growth of the statistics constitute a loud call to the Church in Western Equatorial Africa clergy and to all church workers to during Bishop Tugwell's episcopate: 1894. 1914. labor to instruct these multitudes in the Native Clergy ……… 17 66 things of God. . . . Let us not aim at Communicants ……… 4,000 15,600 large annual returns, but let us labor in Baptized members ….. 7,500 52,470 teaching and prayer that every candidate Catechumens. . . . . . . . . .. 1,240 21,400 baptized may indeed be born again. . . . Baptisms in the year.. 586 10,935 It is a real danger to the life of a church Scholars …………… 3,080 26,800 to fill it with baptized heathen." The Contributions ……… £3,360 £29,780 total amount contributed by Christians Communities of Christian Adherents THE Rev. H. F. Gane wrote from in the diocese tor religious purposes was Owo recently: "An interesting and £29,779 against £23,343 in the previous distinctly encouraging feature of the year.-Church Missionary Society Ga- work is that in all the small villages zette.

immediately connected with Owo there German Missions in West Africa are now small communities of Chris- T tian adherents, and in most of them HE North German Mission, whose territory in Togo which, in the besimple buildings have been erected for services by the converts themselves. ginning of the war, was an easy prey Members of the Owo church go out for the allied English and French, and Sunday by Sunday to conduct services of whose 17 European workers no less in these places, and I cycle out to one than six were imprisoned in Dahomey, or other of them as often as possible has cause to be very grateful in com- when I am not away visiting other parison to other German Missions in parts of the district. Since our arrival which the colonial war has made great it has only been possible to visit Ipele, devastations. Yet the war has been a

great hindrance. The schools are behavior were allowed to remain at their empty in 97 places, and the number of posts. Several missionaries have been pupils has decreased from 7,311 to 3,311. dismissed from the concentration camps Yet the membership in the churches, so far; from the Hermansburg Mission where 394 were baptized, numbers now all except one, from the Berlin Mission 11,682; 341 more than in the last year. all except two or four. This has been Mission property was not taken away effected, it seems, through the labor of nor destroyed by the events of the war. good Christian circles in England.- The fund for invalids deposited in the Allgemeine Missions Nachrichten. West African Bank, belonging to the native helpers, was not touched. The ISLANDS OF THE SEA missionaries, who were arrested for a short time during November, have rea- The Church of Rome in the Philippines son to hope to be able to remain in Togo during the war. The order given to the H DOnat let the Church at home think missionaries the 21st of January not to that we are facing a decadent, preach in the German or Ewe languages did not hurt the work as was feared at weakened Catholicism," writes Rev. D. first. This order was only for Lome, C. McCallum. "It is a mistake to speak and forbade the missionaries the solemn of the Roman Catholic Church in the sermon from the chancel, but not divine Philippines as decadent, and the ruined service; the native helpers were not churches here and there are not indicatroubled at all. In the interior, preach- tions of its state. Enormous sums of ing in the Ewe language received no Catholic money are being poured into the greater hindrance than that the mission- Philippines, and scores of her most inaries are only allowed to visit out-sta- telligent and capable workers are contions in the district of one day's jour- stantly coming to the islands. Dozens of ney, while the native pastors have full dilapidated buildings are being repaired liberty to go where they please, and their and numerous new buildings are being work has full recognition from the Eng- erected in new communities. Other revlish officials. Industrial conditions in enues are taking the place of the lost Togo are very difficult since the price State revenues, and a far more able and of kako has fallen from 80 to 25 cents. efficient body of workers is taking the -Allgemeine Missions Nachrichten. place of the discredited Spanish friars. Many of the newcomers are able, thor- German Missions in South Africa oughly trained, and possest of much mis- sionary zeal. The Roman Church is C ONCERNING the welfare of the straining every nerve to adjust herself German missionaries in South Af- to the changed conditions, and, one must rica, the authorities have had great appre- confess, with considerable success. The hension since the middle of May. The greatest, most bitter and prolonged brother mission received word from Eng- struggle is yet before us, and it will reland that all their missionaries should quire the highest concentration and the keep themselves ready to be imprisoned richest gifts in men and money." in concentration camps on the 23d of May. Not even the petition of Bishop Episcopal Progress in the Philippines Kalker to remain free to look after the work seemed to be successful. Fortu- THE mission to the Philippine Islands nately these things did not come to pass. which is under the direction of Bish- The German missionaries were not im- op Brent and is supported by the Ameriprisoned, but on the promise of goor! can Episcopal Church, is making solid progress. At Sagada, a station which is 5,000 feet above sea level, in the course of ten years, 1,200 persons, chiefly Igo- rQts, have been baptized. The Rev. J.

1 5] WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

Staunton and 12 assistants, Americans there were other public exercises, and and Filipinos, are in charge. Among on the 15th, "Centenary Sunday," there the industrial features of the work is the were special services throughout New operation of a great sawmill providing South Wales. A centenary offering of work for hundreds of men, women, and £50,000 is being collected, a per capita children. There are also workshops in gift of about ten dollars a member. which a great variety of tools and tin- The Methodism of Australasia, which ware are manufactured. The girls do began in 1815 with one minister and lace work and weave native fabrics. A 20 members, now reports 1,020 minisprinting-press furnishes all the printing ters, 149,767 members, 260,500 Sundayfor the district. A great stone church is school scholars, and 630,970 attendants in process of erection, as well as a hos- upon its services. pital.-The Mission Field. MISCElLANEOUS War Rumors in Borneo Sunday-School Standard. RHEINISH missionaries tell of wild reports which have spread in Bor- THE fivefold standard suggested by neo because of the war. So it is said the Missionary Department of the that after Germany had been conquered by the English and the French, International Sunday-school Associait asked help from Turkey, which had tion, adequate missionary instruction, been granted under the condition that definite missionary prayer, systematic Germany must become Mohammedan. missionary giving, practical missionary The Emperor immediately accepted Is- activities, enlisting missionary recruits, lam, and the German soldiers had the has been enlarged to a ten-point stanhalf moon sewed on their uniforms. dard, in order to make the work of the In the meantime the real truth has State and County Associations more become known. In general the respect definite in the Missionary Department. of the natives for the white man has A Ten-Point School: (1) A missionary greatly diminished through the war.- superintendent. Instruction – (2) The Allgemeine Missions Nachrichten, Au- United Missionary program; (3) Misgust, 1915. sions in the graded lessons; (4) Mis- sionary exercises and drills. Offerings Australasian Methodilm -(5) Home Mission Boards; (6) For- eign Mission Boards; (7) Union mis- METHODISM in Australia is cele- sionary movements. Service-(8) Com- brating its centenary and .Ameri- munity social service; (9) Surplus matecan Methodism will soon be celebrating rial department; (10) Recruits in prepits sesquicentenary. An English Wes- aration. leyan, the Rev. Samuel Leigh, was the pioneer minister, and he landed at The Influence of the Bible Sydney, August 10, 1815. Since that time Methodist services have never OF the many great religious gatherfailed. August 8th was Preparatory ings which have been held at San Sunday. Tuesday was Centenary Day, Francisco during the present summer, when Dr. W. H. Fitchett, of Mel- one of the most important has been the bourne, preached the commemorative World's Bible Congress, which occurred sermon in the Town Hall of Sydney early in August, at which delegates from -a city of 700,000 people-followt!d by all parts of the world were in attend- "tea meeting" and a demonstration to ance. Figures were given showing that which other conferences sent speak- during the calendar year 1914, more than ers. On Wednesday and Thursday 28,000,000 copies of the Bible or por- tions of the Bible were printed and dis~

tributed, this distribution reaching to cessant fight he waged for nearly half a every corner of the globe. century against those who would cor- rupt and mislead them. Dr. Scudder, of the Arcot Mission, stated in his address that the Bible has Mr. Comstock has died in the midst been translated, in whole or in part, into of his battle against gambling and immore than a hundred Indian dialects, and purity, but the war is to go on. The it is estimated that 250,000,000 of the Society for the Suppression of Vice has people of India have some portion of th<:! appointed as his successor Mr. John S. Scripture in their own language. It IS Sumner, for three years his associate regarded not only by British but by secretary. The offices are at 140 Nassau many Hindu officials as one of the most Street, New York. During Mr. Comimportant aids to the English nation in stock's term of office he has destroyed the government, education, and better- 50 tons of obscene books and 2,500,000 ment of the people; is studied as a text- vile pictures by which the vendors book in a great number of schools and sought to spread moral plague. colleges; is bringing together the conglomerate races into a human fellow- T Rev. G. P. Knapp, of Turkey ship, and by imbuing them with a spirit HE death at Diarbekir, Asiatic Turof humanity is gradually undermining key, of Rev. George Perkuns Knapp, the caste barriers, which have hitherto a missionary of the American Board been one of the greatest obstacles in the for twenty-five years, occurred about way of true human civilization in India. August 10th, but was not known in Amer- ica until October 1St. Mr. Knapp had OBITUARY NOTES been stationed at Bitlis, which, on the withdrawal of the Turkish forces from The Rev. Dr. Thomas S. Barbour Van before the Russian advance, be- came one of the storm centers of the T HE REV. DR. THOMAS S. BAR- war. He was formerly stationed in BOUR, formerly Secretary of the Harput. American Baptist Foreign Mission Society, died suddenly at his summer home Many of the missionaries in the intein Stoddard, New Hampshire, on Sep- rior have not been heard from ciirectly tember 28th. Dr. Barbour was highly for two months. honored and much-beloved among Baptists and others who knew him, and was A Two Missionaries in Egypt an efficient missionary secretary. Dur- WOMAN of rare charm and ability ing the last years of his life he was at as a missionary "has recently laid work on a history of the American Bap- down her life in Egypt. Mrs. A. W. tist Foreign Missions. As head of the Pollock who with her husband, were foreign mission work of his denomina- missionaries of the United Presbyterian tion, he became prominent a few years Church, had burned out her life in serago as leader in the movement to put a vice on the mission boat Allegheny. stop to the atrocities in the Kongo. Dr. After thirteen years of devoted service, Barbour was a half-brother of the Rev. she was called Home after an operation Dr. Clarence A. Barbour, President of for appendicitis. the Rochester Theological Seminary. Rev. Thomas J. Finney, D.D., a mis- Anthony Comstock, of New York sionary in Eygt since 1882, has also re- T HE United States-and, in fact, the cently gone to his reward. Dr. Finney world-can never adequately ac- was editor of the Church papers in knowledge what its youth owe to An- Egypt and was a wise counsellor, a faiththony Comstock for the brave and in- ful friend and successful missionary of Christ.

1m II ttl!

: BOOKS ON MISSIONS AND ………….. ……….. ………./ S5ION LANDS .,…, ……………// 11 South America. Observations and Im- small, and it had not yet developed many pressions. By Hon. James Bryce, LL.D. of the problems and ramifications which 8vo. 611 pp. $2.50, net. The Macmillan now characterize it. The growth has Co. New edition. 1915. been so rapid during recent years that The approach of the Congress on to-day the foreign missionary movement is generally recognized as the vastest en- Christian Work in Latin America, to be terprise of modern Christianity, repreheld at Panama in February, 1916, and senting over 300 missionary societies, the renewed discussion of South Amer- about 25,000 able and highly trained forica which it has developed, justify our eign missionaries, 2,531 educational incalling fresh' attention to this valuable stitutions, ranging from kindergartens volume, which will be one of the great to universities, 1,616 hospitals, a staff of standard works on South America for native workers numbering 130,262, a many years to come. Americans do not communicant membership of 3,167,614, need to be told that the author is one of and a Christian constituency of 7,253,- the most competent men in the world to 836. estimate correctly the character and institutions of a country and people that This immense work is scattered all he studies. His two volumes on the over the non-Christian world, and it and American Commonwealth are the best its related problems are challenging the and wisest accounts of the United States attention of thoughtful men and women that have ever been written. This states- everywhere. The great task of writing man of wide experience, comprehensive the history of this splendid movement knowledge, and sympathetic mind, re- from the beginning down to the present cords in the best literary style his ob- time has been undertaken by Charles servations and impressions of South Henry Robinson, D.D., the well-known America, to which he has added excel- Honorary Canon of Ripon Cathedral, lent notes and maps. We earnestly hope England, and Editorial Secretary of the that not only the delegates to the Pan- Society for the Propagation of the Gosama Congress, but many ministers and pel of the Church of England. His book others in America, who can not attend indicates an almost incredible amount that Congress will read this book. of labor, and it presents a wealth and variety of information which makes it History of Christian Missions. By Rev. not only exceedingly useful but really Charles H. Robinson, D.D. 8vo. 533 indispensable to the missionary student. pp. $2.00. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1915. John Hus. The Martyr of Bohemia. By A good history of Christian missions, W. N. Schwarze, Ph.D. Illustrated. 12mo. 152 pp. 75 cents. Fleming H. Revell Co. comprehensive in scope and yet reason- 1915. . ably limited in size, is an exceedingly difficult book to write. The very fact The 500th anniversary of the martyrthat it is difficult is indicative of the magnitude which the modern missionary dom of John Hus was widely celebrated. enterprise has attained. A generation ago it was easy to write such a book, for He was a remarkable character, and missionary work was comparatively came of a remarkable people. The story of his life is stirring and full of lessons

for men of to-day. Hus was born in The Progress of Doctrine in the New 1369 in a small village in South Bohemia, and was well educated in the Testament. Considered in eight lectures leading university of the day. His student life, his interest in national ques- preached before the University of Oxtions, his work as a professor and preacher, his literary work, the contro- ford, being the "Bampton Lecture" of versies with the Church of Rome, his de- 1864. By ~homas Dehany Bernard, M.A. nunciation of religious abuses, his condemnation and martyrdom are all de- 12mo. xVI-223, Is., net. Pickering & scribed concisely but graphically and Inglis, Glasgow, 1915. with power. It is a story worth reading, and if it does not inspire to similar mar- Why Four Gospels? By F. D. Van Valtyrdom, it will at least awaken an admiration for this reformer who led the kenburg. Frontispiece. i2mo. 92 pp. revolt from Rome, and will inspire to 'a similar spirit of loyalty to God and His 50 cents. Pentecostal Publishing Co fruth, Louisville, Ky., 1915. ., Comrades in Service. By Margaret E. The Social Teachings of Jesus Christ. Burton. Illustrated. 12mo. 196 pp. 60 cents, net. (Paper, 40 cents.) Mission- A Manual for Bible Classes, Christian ary Education Movement, New York, 1915. Associations, Social StUdy Groups, etc. These brief biographies are unusually By W. Beatty Jennings, D,D. 16mo. 111 interesting stories of men and women pp. 50 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell who have achieved great success in ser- Co., New York, 1915. vice. They include some well-known names like D. L. Moody, Samuel Crow- A Life at its Best. (College Voluntary ther, Chundra Lela, Jacob Riis, and others less known but worthy of ac- SBtyudRy icChaorudrseHs,enSryecoEnddwaYrdesa ra-nPda rEt thI~)1 quaintance-such as J. A. Burns of Ken- Cutler. 16mo. 145 pp. 50 cents. National Board, Y. W. C. A., New York, 1915. The Maze of the Nations and the Way Out. By Gaius Glenn Atkins. 12mo.

128 pp. 75 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1915.

Millard Fillmore. Constructive States- man, Defender of the Constitution Presi- dent of the United States. By William Elliot Griffis, D,D., LH.D. 12mo. 159 pp. Paper, $1.25; cloth, $2.00, net. An- drus & Church, Ithaca, N. Y., 1915. The Credentials of the Cross. By North- cote Deck, M.B., Ch.M. 12mo. 133 pp. Morgan & Scott, Ltd. London, 1915.

Economic Aspects of the War. Neutral Rights, Belligerent Claims, and American Commerce in the Years 1914-1915. By Edwin J. Clapp. 8vo. xiv-340 pp. $1.50, net. Yale University Press, New Haven 1915. '

tucky, Kaji Yajima of Japan, Li Be Cu PAMPHLETS of China, and Frances Coppin, an The One Hundred and Third Annual Re- port of the American Board of Com- American negro. The lives are of varied missioners for Foreign Missions. To- gether with the Minutes of the Meeting interest-some relate to service in the held at Kansas City, Missouri, October 26-28, 1913. Illustrated. 259 pp. Pub- United States, and some abroad; some lished by the Board, Congregational House, Boston, 1915. ,had black skins and some white; some The One Hundred and Fourth Annual passed their days in comparative ob- Report of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. scurity and some in the limelight, but all Together with the Minutes of the Meet- ing held at Detroit, Michigan, October were Godly, hard-working, self-sacrific-, 13-16, 1914. Published by the Board, Congregational House, Boston, 1915. ing, and succeeded in the work they un- Five Hundred Thousand of a Hundred dertook. The life stories are inspiring Million. A Sketch of the Evangelistic Work of the Presbyterian Church in and make a valuable volume for young non-Christian lands, the third of a series of booklets published by the Presbyterian people. Board of Foreign Missions. The others in the senes deal with the educational NEW BOOKS and medical work of the Board. IlIus- trated. 87 pp. Board of Foreign Mis- Childhood in the Moslem World. By sions, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, Samuel M. Zwemer, F.R.G.S. Illustrated. Bvo. 274 pp. $2.00, net. Fleming H. 1915. Revell Co., New York, 1915.

Protestant Missionary Directory of In- dia for 1915-1916. Compiled by Jas. In- glis. 12mo. xxx-242 1>P. Scottish Mis- sion Industries Co., Ltd., Ajmer, Raj- putana, India.

The Missionary Review of the World — October 1915

OF "THE SALT OF THE EARTH" IN

MISSIONA~Y FI~:ES 1. A young Moslem from Bengal, having become a believer in Christ, made his way 4,000 miles, through many hardships, to consult with Dr. Zwe- mer in Cairo. After two years of study he has returned to India to preach Christ to his own people. (See page 744.) 2. It is estimated that 61 per cent. of the American Indians are still un- Christian, and that 45,000 of them are beyond the influence of any Christian missionary work. (See page 745.) 3. The "Orthodox" Greek Church of Russia uses, on the Trans-Siberian Railroad, several elaborately equipped church cars in which services are held. (See page 755.) 4. The success of Christian medical work in Kuweit, Arabia, led the Arabs to open a free Moslem dispensary to counteract the Christian influence, but the Turkish physician lacked the missionary incentive and soon left town. (See page 734.) 5. A woman missionary to the Dakota Indians has obtained such influence over them that no important council is ever held without her, and no lease or similar document signed until she has read it. (See page 749.) 6. One result of teaching the Chinese in our American Sunday-schools is shown by the fact that Robert E. Speer found a Chinese laundryman, who was baptized in a Brooklyn church during his stay in America, living a Ch6stian Ii fe of unusual power in Siam. (See page 761.) 7. Mr. Sherwood Eddy has started for India to conduct evangelistic meet- ings for the students and educated classes in India, similar to those among Chinese students which produced such great results last year.

8. The heroism of modern missionaries is shown by the fact that in spite of the suffering and death that has been experienced recently in Turkey and Persia, nine new missionaries have just gone out to those lands from America. (See page 781.) 9. A young man in India, a convert of only a few month's standing, em- ployed in a government workshop, refused to take advantage of oppor- tunities for overtime work because he spent his evenings teaching the Bible to the young men of his village. (See page 783.) 10. The Salvation Army conducts in various parts of India 27 criminal settle- ments, numbering over 6,000 people. (See page 783.) 11. Shantung Christian University, which is seeking to raise a building fund of $335,000, is the only university in a district with a population of 50,000,000. (See page 786.) 12. Unfortunately, the follies of civilization sometimes make more impression than the blessings. In Osaka, Japan, a huge "Billikin" is exhibited, labeled "the Westerner's God of Luck," and many worship before it. (See page 788.) ~irs. E. E. Calverley, lf.D., and her daughter Grace in Arab costume (see article, p. 721") ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD Vol. XXXVIII, No. 10 OCTOBER, 1915 Vo!' XXVIII, No. 10 Old Series New Series m,SIG THE WAR AND THE JEWS times against Christ. The Jewish rabbis and the Jewish press are THE Hebrews have been among venting their rage against Christ and 1:he greatest sufferers in the great Christianity.

European war. Over a half-million What is ,the meaning and what will of them are actually fighting against be the outcome of all this suffering? each other in the opposing armies. The darkest hour precedes the dawn. The Jewish settlements in Galicia, From the most terrible experiences of Lithuania, and Poland (including Israel in Egypt they were led forth portions of Austria, Germany, and into the Promised Land. When their Russia) are being devastated by the exile became almost unbearable in bloody battles. It is estimated that Babylonia, they were led back to J unearly two million Jews have been dea by Zerrubabbel and Nehemiah. driven from their homes and reduced May not this present extremity (If to terrible misery in consequence of Israel precede a deliverance-not imthe war. Besides this, the Jews in mediately complete, perhaps – but Palestine and Armenia are suffering leading on to the promised consumfrom famine and oppression and de- mation? portation. As the toil and sufferings of Jews One result of this suffering by the in Egypt only served to increase Jews is that 'they are more bitter than their number and to harden their ever against the so-called Christian bodies, so Israel scattered and opnations, and debit the present evil The editors seek to preserve accuracy ana to manifest the spidt of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW} but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by contributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS.

prest to-day, is growing in numbers "The signs of the times seem to and in power to overcome obstacles. call loudly for a representative gath- As the hardship in Egypt made them ering of the Christian Church for a more willing to leave the fleshpots, prayerful study of the teaching of the so the tribulations in Europe are prophets respecting "the Jew, the making them lift up their eyes with Gentile, and the Church of God." It longing to the Promised Land. AI- seems to us, further, that now, as r e a d y thousands have returned never before in the history of the thither, and in thirty years the num- Christian Church, should there be ber of Jews in Palestine increased continual prayer and intercession for from 20,0CX) to over IOO,OCX). If the the people of Israel. Their fulness present war should free Palestine is the hope of the Gentile world.

from Turkish misrule, a million or Until the times of the Gentiles end more Jews would doubtless seek and the times of the Jews return, refuge there. It is said that both the our Lord will not be King in our Germans and the Allies have prom- midst.

ised Palestine to the Jews in return "In the terrible European conflict for their support in the war. Pales- Jew wars against Jew, and Jewish tine can easily accommodate a popu- people in all the earth are question- lation of six million. ing what the future for them holds, The experiences of to-day may and Jew and Gentile alike are ask- also make the people of Israel more ing, "Whereunto these things will open to the message of Christ-if grow." The action of the Jewish they can but distinguish between the societies in America on behalf of true Christian spirit and political their suffering brethren in the deso- Christianity. Few realize the num- lated lands; their man-made plans ber of Jews who have turned Christ- with regard to putting Israel back in ward during the past century. Dr. lier own land; the re-mapping of J aison, a learned Austrian Jew, ad- the entire war zone according to the mits that over 200,000 Hebrews have terms of prophecy, and the desperate become Christians in the last one spiritual needs of God's ancient hundred years. May the time soon people, from whom we have received come when Israel will look on Him our Savior and our Bible, call loudly whom they pierced and accept Him for an earnest study of the Word to as their Messiah. see what God's plans are for His people; and for earnest prayer on THE JEWS AND PROPHECY their behalf." This conference is to be held, D. I T is especially appropriate that at V., in Chicago, from Tuesday, No- this time a conference on behalf of vember 16th to Friday, 19th, inclu- Israel should be called to consider sive, 1915. Among the speakers an- nounced are Dr. C. I. Scofield, Dr. the outlook and the bearing of pres- James M. Gray, Wm. E. Blackstone, ent events on the Chosen People and the coming Kingdom of Jesus Christ. Rev. S. B. Rohold, Rev. A. E.

The call issued by the Chicago Hebrew Thompson, Dr. John Timothy Stone, Mission reads in part as follows: and Rev. A. B. Simpson.

OF THE

THE PLIGHT OF ARMENIANS* saved, but for the elect's sake, those days shall be shortened." These TELEGRAMS and letters continue words of Christ give light and en- to describe the awful sufferings couragement in the dark scenes now transpiring in Turkey. of the Christian popUlation of Armenia at the hands of the Turks. A "The atrocities being committed letter from a British resident of Con- there surpass anything that has ever stantinople says: preceded, even in the days of Abdul Hamid II," so writes a special cor- "Zeitun has ceased to exist as an respondent in Turkey. The mas- Armenian town. The inhabitants sacres are carefully planned and have been scattered, the city occupied executed, and include the most reby the Turks, and the very name volting torture, murder, and a cruel changed. The same is true, to a method of deportation that separlarge extent, of Hadjin. The Ar- ates families and sends large nummenians of the regions of Erzerum, bers of the victims to inevitable Bitlis, and Erzingan have, under tor- death. There are even rumors that ture, been converted to Islam. Mar- Enver Pasha is responsible for the din reports 1895 (the year of the in- pogram, and that a massacre of famous massacre) conditions as pre- Christians is even planned in Convailing there. The tale is awful to stantinople. the last degree. . . . The inhabitants of cities like Zeitun and Hadjin are In one city of Armenia twelve of driven out like cattle, and made to the leading Armenians were taken march long distances under the burn- out upon the road under pretense of ing sun, hungry and thirsty. More deportation and were then put to than a thousand families from Had- death. A few days later 300 more j in recently arrived in Aleppo in the men followed the same path. last degree of misery, and yet tpe purpose is to send them much far- This same method is being followed ther." in many other cities and villages in the interior of Turkey. "Women and So critical is the situation that Mr. children, old men and invalids are Morgenthau, the American Ambas- driven from their homes at the point sador at Constantinople, who, almost of the bayonet and sent along difsingle-handed, is fighting to prevent ferent routes covering many days, a wholesale slaughter, has asked and even weeks, of travel. No preparaobtained the cooperation of the Am- tions for the journey are made or bassadors there of Turkey's allies, permitted. Children born upon the Baron von Wangenheim and Mar- road are strangled by the mothers, grave Pallavincini. They have joined who are forbidden to lag behind the Mr. Morgenthau in trying to con- caravan of death. Those too ill to vince the Turkish government that a renewal of the atrocities of the for- proceed are left alone by the roadmer Turkish regime would be a crime. side to die.

"Except those days should be "The women who survive the jourshortened, there should no flesh be ney are scattered among Moslem households, where the alternatives * An Armenian Relief Fund has been estab- before them are Islam or death. This lished, the Itreasurers of which are Brown Brothers, 59 Wall Street. New York.

method of extermination is going on the front sharing the life of the sol- from Smyrna to Persia and from the diers. "'henever possible, they hold Black Sea to the Mediterranean. regular service, besides they comfort Some entire Armenian towns have the wounded and the dying and keep been depopulated, and Moslems from in touch with the families of the sol- Macedonia have been brought in to diers and the various churches they occupy the houses." Can we won- come from. Fifty years ago such an der that these stricken ones join in official recognition by the Italian gov- the cry of the martyrs in Revela- ernment would have been unthink- tion: "How long, 0 Lord, holy and able. Protestant soldiers were not true, dost thou not judge and avenge permitted to attain any high position our blood on them that dwell on the in the army. Now, thousands are in earth ?" the army and navy, and some of them A German official recently told an in the higher grades. A letter to the American who was traveling in the soldiers of Italy, published by the country that they were definitely Waldensian Committee of Evangeli- planning to eliminate the Christian zation, has been distributed in 50,000 races in Turkey. They are succeed- copies.

ing, and there are few to raise a pro- The temperance movement has test, for since the restraining in- also had a great impetus in Italy. The fluence of the Allied powers is not parliament has recently prohibited the felt, Turkey is free to satisfy her sale of liquor except within very nar- thirst for the blood of the Christians row limits and under rigid restric- in the Empire. Never in Moslem his- tions. The government is doing this tory has there been such a riot of that the soldiers may fight better, and crime and murder aimed at the anni- that the people at home may make hilation of the Armenian and Greek ammunition faster and save more races. Is it not time for America to money toward paying for the war.

act in behalf of these unfortunate But whatever the motives, the na- peoples? tions of Europe are learning the les- OPPORTUNITIES IN ITALY son that alcohol and efficiency are inveterate foes.

NEW doors are being opened in A Italy, and the Gospel is being THINKING IN MILLIONS preached in the Italian trenches. GREAT task is an inspiration.

Three of the Waldensian pastors Great minds and hearts are have been nominated by the Italian stirred by great undertakings. Such minister of war as chaplains for a goal has been set up by Dr. Francis their co-religionists in the army, with E. Clark, at the World's Christian the same duties, rights, privileges, Endeavor Convention, which met in and salaries as the chaplains of the Chicago last July, with an attend- Roman Catholic Church. The three ance of more than 12,000 delegates chaplains are Pastors Pascal and from fifteen nations. Dr. Clark, the Bertalot for the Alpine troops, and honored founder and president was Pastor D. Bosio, of Rome, for the prevented from attending on account Fourth Army. They are already at of illness, but his convention message

was full of fire. He appealed to the their pastors to persuade uncon- delegates to mobilize, vitalize and verted persons to become Christians. evangelize, and placed before them, There is also to be made up a com- as definite goals to be reached in the plete list of unconverted husbands of next two years: wives who are church-members, un- converted wives of husbands who be- ·"A million new converts. long to the church, unconverted chil- "A million new Endeavorers. dren of members, and unconverted "A million new church members. parents of Sunday-school scholars. "A million new dollars for mis- To pastors the request is that on sions. every Sunday between now and next "A million new members of the May there shall be at least one pub- Peace Union." lic invitation in every church to per- The convention re-indorsed the sons who wish to confess faith in slogan of the 191 I convention at At- Christ. lantic City, "A Saloonless Nation by 1920," and Mr. Daniel A. Poling The Protestant Episcopal Church is added, "A Saloonless World in also undertaking a great evangelistic 1930." The convention was equally effort along somewhat different pronounced on the question of world lineE, under the leadership of Rev. peace and a federation of nations Dr. James E. Freeman, of Minneapthat should make future great wars olis. A nation-wide "preaching misimpossible. A strong position was sion" is to begin on November 28th, also taken with refe~ence to Chris- and the main effort will be concentian Endeavor extension among the trated in the two weeks following. Negro churches on the true basis of During that time it is hoped that Christian brotherhood. Another in- evangelistic services will be held daily spiring standard was ra.ised by. Sec- in every Episcopalian Church in the retary William Shaw for increased country. It is intended that every efficiency in missionary organization rector in .the denomination shall be and service. called into service as an evangelistic preacher, yet no man will preach in PROGRESSIVE EVANGELISM IN his own parish. During the summer evangelistic meetings have been held AMERICA in a great tent pitched on the grounds of the Cathedral of St. John the UNDER the direction of Bishop Divine. Theodore S. Henderson, the Another remarkable and fruitful Methodist Episcopal Church is set- expression of this evangelistic spirit ting on foot plans to bring into the in New York City has been seen in Church, on confession of faith, 250,- the daily noon meetings conducted 000 new members before the first of by the National Bible Institute, and next May, 1916. The first endeavor the tent meetings under the auspices is to enroll a "Time Legion," in- of the Evangelistic Committee of New tended to bind 500,000 lay Method- York City. ists by a pledge to work at least two hours a month under direction of

EVENTS

October 1st-American Christian Literature Society for Moslems Mass Meeting. Ad- dress by Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, Fifth Ave. Pres. Church, New York. 7th-General Conference of the Evangelical Association, Los Angeles, Cal. 12th-Provincial Synod Protestant Episcopal Church, Concord, N. H.. 12th-Provincial Synod Protestant Episcopal Church, Chicago, Ill. 14th to 17th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Chicago, Ill. 17th to 20th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Buffalo, N. Y. 19th-Provincial Synod Protestant Episcopal Church, Sewanee, Tenn. 20th to 22d, 24th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Detroit, Mich. 21st to 27th-National Congregational Council, New Haven, Conn. 24th to 27th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Pittsburgh, Pa. 24th to 27th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Pueblo, Colo. 25th-American Missionary Association Conference, New Haven, Conn. 27th to 29th, 31st-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Denver, Colo. 28th-Tenth anniversary of the martyrdom of Eleanor Chestnut, China, 1905. 31st to Nov. 3d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Topeka, Kan.

November 2d to 5th-Medical Missionary Conference, Battle Creek, Mich. 3d to 5th, 7th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Wichita, Kan. 3d to 5th, 7th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Baltimore, Md. 7th to 10th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Philadelphia, Pa. 7th to lOth-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Mitchell, S. Dak. 10th to 12th, 14th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Milwaukee, Wis. 10th to 12th, 14th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Portland, Me. 14th to 17th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Boston, Mass. 14th to 17th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Cincinnati, O. 16th-Provincial Synod Protestant Episcopal Church, Richmond, Va. 16th to 19th-Conf. on the Second Coming, Chicago Hebrew Miss., Chicago. 21st to 28th-Home Mission Week. 28th to Dec. 1st-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Wheeling, W. Va. 28th to Dec. 1st-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Waterbury, Conn. 29th-The 40th anniversary of the opening of Doshisha, Japan, 1875.

December 1st to 3d, 5th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Manchester, N. H. 1st to 3d, 5th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, St. Louis, Mo. 5th to 8th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Cleveland, O. 5th to 8th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Albany, M. Y. 8th-The 75th anniversary of the sailing of Livingstone for Africa, 1840. 8th to 10th, 12th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Toledo, O. 25th-Tenth anniversary of the founding of the National Missionary Society of India, 1905.

OF OUR SI STERS OF

With Our Sisters In Arabia * BY MRS. E. E. CALVERLEY, M.D., KUWEIT, ARABIA Medical Missionary of the Reformed Church in America l lI lF I were an Arab "Oh, I have the funniest thing to ~ woman I might not tell you! A woman came into our . appear before a mixed house and exclaimed, 'I've just seen audience with an un- the queerest man on the street. He veiled face. In Arabia was tall, and wore a long coat and we missionaries do a big hat, and he had a white face not adopt the Arab dress, because with no whiskers on it, not even a American clothes are more comfort- mustache !' able and ' better suited to our work and also because the Arabs are as "Oh," laughed my friend, "that interested in seeing foreign clothes wasn't a man; that was the doctor as Americans are in seeing an Arab lady!" costume. Come with me for a little visit to As I walk along the street, in Arabia-our adopted country. .It will Kuweit, in my American clothes, the mean a sea voyage of six or seven people who do not know me call weeks to reach our home in Kuweit. out : We must cross the Atlantic, skirt the southern coast of Europe, pass "What is that? Is it a man or a through the Suez Canal, through the woman?" Red Sea, along the southern coast of the Arabian peninsula to Bombay, It seems incredible to them that a and from there take another ship and woman should walk in the street with steam northward up the Persian her face uncovered. Gulf, along the eastern coast of Arabia, to Kuweit. One day an Arab neighbor came to me and said : • Mrs. Calverley delivered her addre~ in Twilight Park, N. Y., at Northfield, Mass., and elsewhere, drest in the costume of an Arab woman.-EDlToR.

As our steamer enters the harbor Some of the little children run she is surrounded by sailing boats screaming with fright at the sight of manned by noisy Arabs, chanting as so many strange visitors; but the they pull the ropes, or shouting in women and children who have come excitement as they unload the part to know the missionaries greet us of the cargo destined for Kuweit. with smiles and questions and show- After bargaining with a swarthy Arab ers of blessings on us and ours. we secure passage on one of the sail- Many of the children have swollen, boats, and seat ourselves on boxes, streaming eyes-black with flies to bales, and bags of rice, while the which they have become so accusmen of our party close in about the tomed that they no longer attempt to edge of the group, to shield the brush them away. women as much as possible from the rudeness of staring, jesting Arab As we pass along the streets we passengers. If the wind is favorable get little idea of the houses, for all we may reach the shore in less than we see are fhe blank outside walls an hour. with a barred wooden door here and there. Finally we reach a door in As we approach the land we see a wall, and bid you welcome, for that a town, the color of sand, rising out IS our home. of the desert. Hundreds and hundreds of sail-boats are beached on the Horne Life of the Women seashore awaiting the coming of the season for pearl-diving, the main in- Arab houses are built around a dustry of the place. A cloudless central court, a square of ground exazure sky is overhead and the deep posed to the sky, and having all the blue sea is dotted with sails, but windows and doors of the surroundnever a tree nor a patch of green! ing rooms open into it. There are no outside windows lest passers-by We land by stepping from stone should catch a glimpse of the women to stone through the shallow water of the household. Some of the until we reach dry ground. Then highest class of women do not go we make our way through narrow, outside the four walls of their house dirty streets-foul with the stench of from the time they are· brought as dead animals left in the road until brides of twelve or thirteen years to they pass once more into the elements the home of the husband, until they of which they were formed. We are carried out to the graveyard. The flatten ourselves against the wall to middle class have more freedom, but let a camel pass or a donkey with they must never go out unless their huge loads overhanging on either faces are entirely covered with the side. A mob of mischievous boys black veil and cloak-leaving just as follows, taunting and jeering-sing- little an opening in the cloak as is ing in Arabic: really necessary in order to see the "Englezi, Englezi-Abu dhela, road.

Asa an yemut hel lala," The wealthy houses have a second courtyard exclusively for the women, "Englishman, Englishman, with a swelled and which can be reached only by head, passing through the men's court. A man will not trust even his father or We hope that to-night'll find him dead."

OUR SISTERS IN

his brother to see the face of his in Ame'rica? How do you endure wife. Even the poor Bedouin Arabs the privations of life in Arabia?" who spend their lives wandering over the desert from oasis to oasis have Can you realize that in Arabia I their tents divided by a curtain feel that my life is that of a queen through the center so that the men compared with the lives of those may sit on one side and the women around me? on the other. I come, from the dispensary, from At meal-time the dinner is brought the sight of. so much ,unnecessary to the heads of the house, and not suffering, from the filth and the until after these have ceased to eat smells that make one sick to the do the women sit down to consume heart, into our clean little courtyard, into our little living room, where, A CHRISTMAS CROWD IN THE MISSIONARY'S COURTYARD, "UWEIT One Arab woman will be noticed whose curiosity got the better of cuslom-.-she lifts the veil what is left. A man would not con- over a snowy table' and a dainty, descend to eat with a woman. I wholesome meal, I can talk with my knew an old man who loved his husband about the events of our day, daughter dearly and used to call her and the news of the world. The to sit by his side while he ate, but occasional guest, a government she might not eat with him because official, sea-captain or a merchant he was a man and she a woman! will not sit down until I am seated, becaUse the maxim "Ladies first" is A man will not condescend to walk the acknowledged rule for conduct. with his wife on the street. If they Then I think of the women next must walk to the same place, he door, whose voices I can hear walks ahead and she behind; and if through the wall, as they sit hudthere is a burden to carry, it is the dled over the remains of the evening wife who bears it on her head. meal. When I realize this-I feel like a queen! People ask: "Do you not miss the comforts to which you are used

Then I sit down to enjoy the all our cares and problems and weakmagazines and papers which our nesses and who gives us help in weekly mail has brought, and to every need, a Father who makes no answer the precIous letters of difference between bond or free, male friends; and I remember that, ac- or female. Then remember that, cording to one of Kuweit's best according to the Mohammedans, a authorities, only one Arab woman in woman has no soul! 1,060 can read, and only one in 25,000 can write. This authority Finally, when the lamp has been was asked why Arab women are put out and the door bolted for the practically never allowed to learn to night, we take our lantern and mount the stairs to our fiat roof, where,on cots beneath the open sky we seek the sleep which can not be found in the hot and stuffy house.

There is a wedding in the neigh- borhcod. "Tom-tom-tom-tom-tom- tOI1l,"we hear in endless monotony from the drums beaten by slave WOllCl1. The shrill smgmg of d ~llcilH;-l!irls rises and falls in rhythm with the beating. T om-tom-tom-tom- tom-tom on through the hours of the night and early morning. Then comes to us the breath of salt air f rO: 11 the sea, and we look up into the beautiful night sky of A rabia- that wonderful vault of deepest blue with its jeweled constellations-that silent witness of God's infinite glory, and there comes to me the verse: A CORNER O F THE CALVE RLEY DHnN G- AND SITTING- "Peace, perfect peace, ROOM I N KUWEIT With loved ones far away In Jesus' keeping We are safe, and they."

write, and he answered, "Do you Ah! This is best of all gifts-and think we would teach them to write? the Arab woman knows no peace. We have enough trouble with the women as it is-and they would be Social Life of Arab Women more troublesome if they knew how to write." As soon as we moved into our little house in Kuweit, Arab visitors At the close of day we lay aside began to come. By twos and threes our reading and the thoughts of our the women entered our courtyard, work, and come together for family black, shrouded figures. They were prayers at the throne of our loving welcomed and conducted to the room JIeavenly Father, who understands which serves as church on Sunday,

OUR SISTERS IN ARABIA 73

TaE OpERATING ROOM OF THE KVWEIT DISPENSARY

October

school-room on week-days, and re- was the influence of evil spirits, and ception-room after school hours. she began to spit three times in the Here I could assure them that th.~Y., '.dir.~ct!ori..'.ot.: :Q!:,a,c~?s~ f?:C~c.~:?Cclaim­ might remove their veils without fear ing, M a sha ullah, M a sha ullah, Ma of having their faces seen by any sha ullalz. "Whatever God wills,"

man. which she considered a charm cap- A Sunday-school picture roll hung able of keeping off evil spirits!

on the wall, and this seldom failed One gay the wife of a wealthy to excite questions and give us a Arab came to see me. She was very chance to tell the Bible stories which haughty and reticent at first, as she sat there drest in her beautiful silks and jeweis, but after we had done our best to entertain her,and had served refreshments in Arab style.

she began to t€H her. troubles..

"You know," she said, "Khatoon, my husband has another wife, ·I have never seen her. She lives in another hou~e, and just as r have two chil- dren-so has she: Shehatcs me, and I hate her. My' husband says he can not afford to keep two houses; that we must live together. I can't cia it! I won't do it! I will cli::: first! Do you think I could sit and watch that woman cross my court- PATIENTS-A WOMAN AND CHILD yard? If she ever comes into the they represented. Then there was a house, I shall leave!"

baby-organ. The women had never In that very room, a few months seen an organ before, and always previous, that woman's partner-wife wanted us to play and sing to them. had told me the same story. A sweet, This furnished us an opportunity to pretty little woman she was, who had explain such hymns as "Jesus loves not been consulted when the other me" and "I need Thee every hour." woman's husband bought her for a Baby Grace was also an attraction, wife. Oh, the heartaches of Arab for the Arabs love children and were women! What comfort can I hold eager to see the little girl who was out to them! In my heart I knew as welcome to us as tho she had that I should feel the same way been a boy. One woman, very under the same circumstances. I friendly but none too clean, wanted could only read them the words of to kiss Grace on the mouth. Of Jesus about marriage and divorce, course I had to explain that we do and show them that God had not not like people to kiss babies on the intended them to suffer in this way.

mouth, because it isn't good for the Each of the women agreed that our babies' health. Immediately the way is better. "But," they said, woman thought that what I feared "our religion allows a man to have four wives: at a time;~ ~n<d: anf.' ritllTl- ;li~lSb<Fu;1 :,belongs::to ,theroy.al· family. ber of concubines; and what 'can ve He loved this :gentlt! wife-7-but God women. do 'about it?~:·· . .' : ·had .,g'iven her no 'children, ,and he could not think of n1aking her his Before . my: .frIend left -r :showed .:only wife: She became very. friendly Jw~tH ·otIe:.Of our woriIOCn: missionaries, her our' living~room !where.' 'ou'r :an,& tom. her ,story. in ,·this:way. :"EveTY' time' my husBand is' planning dining-table 'stood. eta: take 'J!.. 'new wife he comes to "And .do you and your husband '. ' eat together ?'." , she, asked..· ·· r'Corrie, <;ee," she. caned r to 'her companion; THE GOTHIC ARCHES OF A COFFEE-SHOP IN KUWEIT "this is the table where .they eat; me and' says, 'Now Lulua, I am The Khatoon sits on this side, and going to be married again; but I her husband ,on that side. What ..do ·.don't want you to think that I don't you thihk of that?" ·Jove you any more. ,.: Here is a gift :for you to remind: y'o1i that ~'love After that I. took her to · another ;Y0tl best of alL' . Thea I say, 'Oh, little room,. about as big.as.'a· hall- all right; I know it must be God's bedroom, whiCh has a very rare: ad- will, and I hope God will bless you vantage: tWb'small outside windows, .in this new marriage.' But when he one of which commands a view of has gone," she said, "I throw myself the sea and the customs house: upon my bed, and cry until I think my heart will break." What a Chris- "0, look! look!" cried the wo'man, tian this woman would make! "there is the customs house where my husband works! 0, you lucky R~lieving the Suffering woman," she exclaimed, turriingto me. "I would give anything to' have 'The medical' work allows one to that window in my house." get' an' even more intimate knowl- edge of the life of Arab women. There is a lovely, gentle Arab woman in one of our stations, whose

When we went to Kuweit the people curtain was poured out many a tale had never before seen a woman mis- of sorrow and suffering. During {be sionary, and most of them had never last year we were frequently asked seen another white woman. to treat members of the royal house- hold, who contributed generously to Two rooms of a native house built the support of the hospital. My Arab of mud and plaster, a big table, a costume was a gift from the wife of little table, a chair and a bench, a the heir-apparent to the throne. box, and some basins for washing the hands; these, and a pink calico cur- If we had been doubtful as to tain stretched across one of the rooms whether medical work was having THE MISSION HOSPITAL (FOR MEN ONLY) IN KUWElT to lend privacy to the part of the any effect upon Kuweit, we were reroom used for examination and treat- assured when the prominent Arabs ment, constituted the equipment of of the town held a meeting and dethe "Ioman's Hospital of Kuweit in cided to send for a Turkish doctor the beginning. and establish a Moslem dispensary where the poor might be treated free At first there were few patients without coming under Christian inand much distrust, but confidence in- fluence. The doctor came and spent creased, and numbers grew until much money on equipment, but his during the last eight months before work was not very successful, and our return to America, three thou- he was not willing to treat the poor sand patients were treated in the free, because he had not the spirit woman's dispensary alone. Modern of Christ as an incentive. In a few operating furniture was gradually ac- months he became so unpopular that quired and a collection of good in- he left town, leaving all his drugs struments; but the rooms remained to be confiscated by the ruling sheikh. the same, and behind that pink calico

1 5J WITH OUR SISTERS IN ARABIA

At first the patients were some- there is bnt one woman with a times afraid to take our medicines, license to practise medicine-and she but confidence grew. Toward the is a Christian missionary. end of our stay in Arabia I was called to see a woman whom I had The work was not always encournever met before. She was suffer- aging; but one day we chanced to ing terribly, but I feared she might overhear a conversation between two not allow the operation which was women patients. necessary. Before I had even time to suggest an operation, she said: "The doctor," said one, "takes just "Doctor, do with me as you think as much pains with those who can best. I have perfect confidence in not pay as with the rich patients." you. You may even cut me open if you like." How sad it would have been "Yes," said the other, "and look had this woman's confidence been in at her dressing that dirty ulcer on vam. God blest the operation and that poor woman. What Moslem she recovered, and became our firm would do that!" friend. We bave prayed that they might Our opponents also threatened to see from our lives that the religion secure a l1oslem woman-doctor to of Jesus Christ gives something which be my rival; but we were not greatly they need, and do not have. alarmed at this talk, for we knew that in the whole Turkish Empire Six days a week the waiting-room of the woman's dispensary is more or less filled with women and chil- dren of every station in life and all degrees of intelligence. When the A CORNER OF THE KUWEIT DISPENSARY The Women's Department is behind the screen of mats

crowd seems to have rec&ched its The audience is generally atten- largest SiZe–20, 30,' or 'eVen 40 pa- tive, and only occasionally an especi- tients, besides companions' who do ally fanatical woman objects to the not cOme for treatment~all treat- teaching.

ments are stopt for about ten min- Does it do any good? We have utes while the doctor takes her seat 'often wondered just how much of with the patients gathered before her :the talk was understood and rememon the' floor and bench. There is bered. Sometimes patients with sometimes great confUSIon, ,with the chronic complaints come every day women laughing and 'talking, and for months. One day, when we nobabies dying. It takes several min- ticed several such women in the utes to get them all quiet. "Do not ,crowd, it occurred to us to give them talk," we say in Arabic. "Keep 1 short test to find out how much quiet," the assistant echoes in Per- 'they had understood. sian–"you women over in the corner; the doctor's going to pray and "Whose son was Jesus?" we asked. ask God to heal your diseases." "The Son of Mary, but conceived by the Spirit of God," they an- "I have rheumatism in my feet," swered. shouts a deaf woman who has not "Vas Jesus a rich prophet who understood. Then there is a giggling "pent His time enjoying Himself?" among those who see the funny side "No," they answered. "He was of the situation.

Finally, when all is quiet, we begin poor and spent His time doing good by a short prayer asking God's bless- and healing the sick."

ing on each one, and especially upon "After a few years of preaching the reading which is to follow. The what happened to Jesus?"

prayer is very simple, but God has "His enemies took Him and killed many times answered our request. Him."

After the women have been as- (The Koran says they did not kill sured that they may open their eyes Him.) we read a short passage from Mat- "Was He willing to die?"

thew's or Luke's account of the life "Yes~because it was the will of of Christ and His teachings. The God."

explanation which follows seeks to "What good did it do for Him teach the lesson in every-day lan- to die?"

guage, with illustrations from the "He became a sacrifice, a Re- Arab's daily life, Some of the wo- deemer, for all who believe in Him."

men will never have another oppor- "How long did he remain in the tunity to hear the Gospel of Christ, tomb?"

so we never ,omit an explanation of "Three days."

the way of salvation, with its mes- "Then what happened?"

sage of hope for every heart. At "He arose from the dead."

the end of the reading everyone is "Where is He now?"

given an opportunity to buy a Scrip- "In Heaven, on the right hand of ture portion for two besas ( one God."

cent). "Is there hope for everyone who

5J WITH OUR SISTERS IN ARABIA

loves Jesus, no matter how poor and with joy and sold all that he had to' miserable and wicked?" buy that field. That man believed the investment was worth all that it "El Hamdu liilahl" (The praise cost-and so do we. be to God!) Men, how would you like your At least three of the women had wives and mothers to be like the l"nown the answer to every question, women of Arabia! And the beautiand their faces beamed with pleasure. ful, blooming girls with the promise of wonderful womanhood before From this test it is evident that a them-could you give them over to large proportion of the women really the ·life of Moslem women? understand. What is lacking is a sense of sin. Pray that the Holy Women, we are not more worthy Spirit may convict the people of than the women of Arabia. What Arabia of sin and of righteovs~ess makes the difference between us and and of judgment. our Moslem sisters? Nothing but t1~e blood of Jesus. Shall we withold Worth the Cost from them the blessings which mean so much to us? People ask "Are you going back to that burning, feverish, God-for- Some day we shal1 hear Christ saken place ?" Yes, we hope to go saying: "I gave my life for thee; back. Why? Because we are like what hast thou given for me?" the man, who, when he had found a treasure hidden in a field, went SHEIKH MOBARREK OF KUWEIT, WHO GAVE THE LAND FOR THE MISSION HOUSE

THE REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER. D.D., F.R.G.S.

This ackno.wlcdged leader in the Christian campaign to win the Moslem wor1d to Christ, was born in Vriesland, Michigan, on April 12, 1867. He comes of good Dutch stock, being the son of Adrian and Katharina Roon Zwemer. After graduation from Hope College, Holland, l1ichigan, and from the New Brunswick Theological Seminary in 1890, Mr. Zwemer went out with Rev. James Cantine to establish missions in Arabia. He has traveled extensively in Arabia. is the editor of the Moslem 1110rld (quar~ terly), and the author of many valuable volumes on :Moslems, their land and their re1igion. After serving as candidate-secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement during a recent furlough, 'Dr. Zwemer removed ~o Cairo, Egypt, where he is noW teaching and preaching, and is chairman of the Local Committee of the Nile Mission Press.

Beginning of a

A MOSLEM CONVERT'S JOURNEY IN SEARCH FOR KNOWLEDGE BY REV. STEPHEN VAN R. TROWBRIDGE, CAIRO, EGYPT Missionary of the World's Sunday-School Association in the Levant BD_UL KERIM spent deeds in Indian history. Nothing was said about the Christian faith, IAl his boyhood in Garh- but as Abd-ul Kerim was now twelve wa, near Calcutta. years old and had learned to read His father was a Mos- freely, the doctor several times gave lem physician, and him some Christian leaflet or story. was known through- The boy's curiosity prompted him to out the neighborhood as a man of read these, tho he felt certain that skill and learning. the Christian religion must be all wrong. He knew that his father was One day another doctor came to a devoted Mohammedan, and, ac- Garhwa. He had once been an Ani- cording to what the M aulvi (the mist, worshiping strange idols and leader of a Moslem congregation) spirits, and cherished crude super- said at the Friday service, there was stitions. But he had become a fol- no trnth in any but the Moslem lower of Christ, and, after a hard faith. So in his boyish enthusiasm strnggle, had put aside his heathen Abel-ul Kerim resolved to prepare fears and legends. He was follow- an argument against Christianity to ing diligently the sayings and the sl~ow ~h:lt it was all an error. life of the Prophet Jesus. This new faith had taken strong hold up::m his Abd-ul Kerim's father wished him character and conduct, and, being a to receive a modern education, so man of frank and friendly dispo- he entered him in the government sition, he narrated his experience to school at Garhwa. Among the Abd-ul Kerim's father. pupils was. the son of a Bengali, and, Abd-ul-Kerim was strnck by the As the men were in the same pro- purity and sincerity of his speech. fession, and as Garhwa was not a This boy's father was a Christian large town, one might expect them convert from Hinduism. Altho Abdto be rivals, and jealous of one an- ul Kerim elid not know it, he beother. But such was not the case. came more and more conscious of They found pleasure in each other's the contrast between the Bengali company, and often spent their eve- boy's straightforward, clean language, nings together. The Moslem physi- and the coarse phrases constantly on cian's son, Abd-ul Kerim, became the lips of his other schoolmates. much attached to the kindly guest He felt that there must be some who always spoke to him, and some- reason for this, and he resolved to times told him stories of other cities cultivate a closer friendship with his and wonderful countries far away. new acquaintance. Sometimes the doctor would play with the boy, Or they would sit down About this time Abd-ul Kerim under the trees and talk of golden

began to study English. What a ing the Christian Church, because at strange, perplexing tangle it seemed! that time he scarcely knew what the His teacher was a Mohammedan of Church was. But he felt that he Bengal serving on the staff of the was very near becoming a Chris- government school. New thoughts tian, and he made up his mind to were awakened in his mind, and he take any definite step which the was alert for every English book missionaries might suggest.

within reach. One day, while look- Soon after he had arrived at ing through the shelves of the Hazar-i-hagh his father learned of library, he found a volume called the the situation, sent money for his Holy Bible. At once he realized traveling expenses, and urged him that this must be the sacred book of to come home at once. "Love for the Christians. He was eager to my father," he said afterward, "was take it to his rOom for careful read- stronger than my new faith" and, ing, but the librarian was a Moslem, after two or three personal talks and forbade his touching it. "When with the missionaries, he quietly re- you grow up it will be time enough turned to his home.

to consider such writings as this," His father was very indignant over said the zealous official. his drifting away from Islam, yet Abd-ul Kerim's desire to know showed much aHection and pled more about this book had been with him earnestly. Then, after aroused, and, while he was thinking counseling him to be stedfast, he over the incident, he remembered sent him to the government school that his father's friend, the kindly at Chapra, that. he might be under doctor, had given him a Hindi book the personal care of the head Maulvi, called the Bible. At that time he a sheikh of distinction and a strict had not cared about it, since his Mohammedan. The Maulvi was own language was Urdu. The gift very kind, but Abd-ul Kerim read had been tucked away out of sight more and more about the life of among some discarded copy-books. Christ, at the same time that he was • Slowly and thoughtfully he went to listening to what the Maulvi taught his box in the dormitory and drew about Mohammed. He also secured out this forgotten volume. He had a biography of Mohammed in Urdu.

learned to read Hindi, and so found As he read, he pondered and com- no difficulty in catching the meaning. pared, and formed his own con- Some portions he found very tedious, victions. He had no controversial and he almost gave up reading. But literature, nor any Christian books again he opened to the parables of other than the Bible. But he found Jesus, and was fascinated by the a Sunday-school teacher who en- wealth and power of thought. He couraged him and explained some became intensely interested, and his difficult passages.

heart was drawn toward Christ. He After an inward struggle Abd-ul resolved to leave the government Kerim resolved definitely to become school and go to the English mis- a follower of Christ. The deciding s:onaries at Hazar-i-bagh. He did factor was the pure and sinless life not have any distinct idea of join- of Christ, so human and yet so

BEGINNING OF A STORY

divine, and without a parallel in Abd-ul Kerim realized that if he Mohammedan or Hindu literature. openly became a Christian his father He feIt his need for Christ because would disinherit him and he would he was conscious of his own sin. have no means of support. So he As his experience deepened he wrote to a missionary, asking for a learned the power of God's forgive- position with a salary. No answer ness, and he found the joy of the came. A second and a third time new life welling up within his heart. he wrote, but without response. He The Cross of Christ became the learned later that the missionary had center of his faith. been suspicious of him because of the fina.ncial nature of the request. The Maulvi discovered what was MOHAMMEDANS AT PRAYER IN FRONT OF THE GREAT MOSQUE. DELHI, INDIA passing in Abd-ul Kerim's mind and What a situation! His father was took him to another school, so as suspicious of him; his Mohammedan to break the connection with Chris- teachers were losing their regard for tian influence. But the new school him; the missionary to whom he was situated near some marshes, and turned for encouragement did not Abd-ul Kerim soon contracted ma- venture to reply! But Abd-ul Kerim laria. Exhausted with the fever, he did not lose heart. He applied for returned home, where he earnestly admission as a patient at the fever asked to be sent back to Hazar-i- sanitarium, and the very missionary bagh. His father was suspicious of who had not answered his letters his purpose, but finally agreed be- received him. Yet he did not discause at Hazar-i-bagh there was a close his identity. He reflected that fever sanitarium, and it was an in- he could study the missionaries a expensive place for an education, little longer while he was con-

valescing, and as he grew stronger master the Arabic language so as he undertook regular studies, con- to be better prepared to lead Moham- stantly thinking over the life of medans to Christ. He wrote letters Christ. to thirteen Anglican bishops and After six months he chose a cer- other missionaries in Egypt, Syria, tain day and went to the missionary and England, asking them to assist in a straightforward way to tell the him or advise him in carrying out whole truth, and to ask for baptism. this plan. He had now fully before The missionary was astonished to him the vision of a life-work for learn that this was the young man Christ among the Moslems of Bengal.

who had written him three times. Answers came from several. But He examined Abd-ul 'Kerim fully the only one which contained any about the meaning of confessing definite encouragement was from Dr.

Christ, and told him of the tel?pta- Samuel M. Zwemer, then of the tions and hardships which were sure Arabian Mission at Bahrein, in the to follow; but he exprest his will- Persian Gulf. At the same time ingness to perform the service after Abd-ul Kerim addrest a letter to the certain weeks of preparation. Abd-ul Lucknow Conference, where mission- Kerim assured him of the firmness aries from many countries were of his resolve, and promised to come gathered. "I f any bne will take me each morning for instruction. Mean- as a servant or as a writer, I will while he wrote to his father, telling go," he said. This appeal was not him of his decision. read in the conference, but was re- Shortly after this he united pub- ferred to a committee, with the relicly with the Church in Haz~r-i­ sult that Abd-ul Kerim received all bagh. A group of Moslems, banded invitation to teach in a Church Mis- together by oath, came to capture sionary Society school in India, and him; but the missionaries advised him study Arabic at the same time. He not to leave the premises, and the accepted the position, and his teach- Moslems did not venture to enter ing went along smoothly, since the by force. They, however, sent a Moslems in that city did not oppose telegram to the Amir of Afghanistan, . him. But he found it impossible to who happened to be in Calcutta. make much progress with Arabic, This proved a fruitless appeal. Then' and began to feel that his life-plans his father's friends subscribed a fund would be indefinitely retarded if he of twenty-five rupees and four an- remained. Then he resolved to go nas, and engaged a teacher who to Arabia, to find Dr. Zwemer, and should visit him regularly and per- devote his whole time to the study suade him of the superiority of of Arabic. He wrote to Bahrein, Islam. The teacher pocketed the and in Bombay received a reply from .money, and made no attempt to see one of the missionaries, saying that the boy. Dr. Zwemer was just leaving Amer- Abd-ul Kerim was now nineteen ica and would reach Bahrein within years of age and an avowed Chris- five weeks. With this encouragement tian. He kept on with his studies Abd-ul Kerim took passage on a and gradually formed a purpose to steamer bound for the Persian Gulf.

He traveled steerage, and paid his The friends tried to dissuade him expenses from what he had saved of from starting in the great heat, and his year's salary. with such an inadequate sum of money, but finally he resolved to At Bahrein he found, to his dis- make the venture. He felt that if he may, that Dr. Zwemer had changed did not fulfil his vision and train his plans and was to make his head- himself to win Mohammedans to quarters in Cairo, Egypt, eleven hun- Christ, life was not worth living. dred miles farther to the West! For a time the young man worked in the On August 4th he left Bahrein by mission hospital in order to meet his steamer for Busrah, where he living expenses. He swept out the changed to another for Baghdad.

ABDUL KERIM'S JOURNEY IN SEARCH OF KNOWLEDGE wards and helped to care for the Never had he known such heat, even patients. in Bengal! Up the broad waters of the Shatt-el-Arab and through the Abd-ul Kerim was resolved not to rapid currents of the Tigris the give up his purpose and began to steamer slowly made its way. It was inquire how he might reach Cairo, impossible to secure wholesome food, and the cost of the journey. It was and when he reached Baghdad, Abdnow midsummer, and excessively hot ul· Kerim was suffering from a burn- –so hot that only necessity led ing fever. With difficulty he found people to risk the noonday sun. his way to the Church Missionary "Nevertheless," he said to himself, Society Hospital where he was given "if I wait until winter, and then at- the best of care. For fifteen days he tempt the long journey northward lay exhausted, but, as soon as he through Baghdad, Turkey, and Syria, was able to go out, he began to plan I shall surely suffer from the cold, for the remainder of the journey. for my clothing is of light Indian He was in the Turkish Empire, and material." He stilI had with him he knew neither Turkish nor Arabic, eighty rupees ($27) of his savings.

so it was a: constant problem how journey of several hundred miles to make his wants understood and to southward to Egypt. Many a man find his way. would have given up in the face of Then he. learned that a caravan such difficulties; but Abd-ul Kerim was starting for Aleppo, and· he ar- resolved to press on. Dr. Piper in ranged with one of· the drivers to Aleppo, and later one of the Ameri- ride' a loaded donkey part of each cans in Beirut, aided him, so that in day, After the caravan had traveled two weeks he arrived at the door of a few marches, the driver repudiated the American Mission in Cairo. He this agreement and compelled· Abd-ul was. worn in health, his clothes were Keriru to go afoot. There were no in rags, and he had only four piastres trees on that vast wilderness of (twenty cents) left. He was such a parched earth, and often at noon strange-looking character that the there was no shelter from the brazen police became suspicious and fol- heat. Each man lay down by the lowed him to the door. But his faith roadside and covered his head with had grown intrepid and his loyalty sacks and rags until mid-afternoon. to Christ had become marvelously One morning a donkey loaded with strong. Out of the darkness and silk went astray and four days were despair of Islam he had come forth spent in searching for him. The into the liberty and joy of faith in chief trader of the caravan became the Son of God. One of the mis- most insolent, for he saw that Abd- sionaries went at once to call Dr.

ul Kerim was a stranger and had Zwemer. "Come into the study," he no friends to stand by him. explained, "and find a young man For thirty-three days the caravan who has been following you half-way toiled on, occasionally passing small, around the world!"

dilapidated towns,. but, for the most This is only the beginning of a part, traversing endless solitudes in life-story; but it is enough to say the vast plain. Na tents were used that two years of industrious work at night. The travelers simply lay at the Cairo Study Center, under down upon the stony ground, with Rev. W. H. T. Gairdner and Dr.

their heads resting against saddle- Zwemer, have given the very train- bags. The clanging of the bronze ing which Abd-ul Kerim desired. He bells suspended at the necks of the has thoroughly studied the Koran, camels and donkeys often kept the the Traditions, and the History of whole company awake during the Islam. He has learned to use his night hours. By three o'clock each Bible freely and effectively in dealing morning the caravan .was on the with inquirers.

march. It was a hard experience His long pilgrimage from the cap- for a boy who had been brought up ital of India to the capital of Egypt in a comfortable home. was made in weariness and loneli- When the caravan passed through ness and poverty. His return jour- the gates of Aleppo, Abd-ul Kerim ney for his life work, via Port Said counted his money. He had only two and Aden, is now gladdened by the Turkish medjidiyes ($1.70) left, and prayers and Godspeed of a host of he had yet before him the long devoted friends. TEXAS ••• MAP SHOWING· •• GULF OF MEXICO TH~ WHERE THE UNEVANGELIZED AMERICAN INDIANS LIVE (See list of tribes and key to numbers O1J reverse side of map) INDIAN·R ESfllVATIONS IN THE U-N-IT-E-D .S-T-AT-E-S NUMBERS INDICATE THE NEGLE.CTED AND PART- IALLY E:VANGE.LIZ.E.D TRIBES OF THE NORTH AME.RICAN INDIANS

AND UNEVANGELIZED INDIANS OF THE UNITED

(The numbers refer also to the location on tlu map) Trwe Location Number Tribe Location Number Tribe Location Number Trwe Locatio" Number of Indians of Indians of Indians of IndiaM ARIZONA MICHIGAN NEW YOlK SOUTH DAKOTA 1. Chemehuevi; Colo. River Agency, 15. Potawatomi of Huron ………. 78 29. Iroquois; Cattaraugus reserva- 44. Ogalalla Sioux; Pine Ridge; un- Parker, Ariz. . ••• ;………… 151 16. Chippewa and Ottawa; partially tion; unevangelized, estimated evangelized, estilllated at· .•.•. 1,000 at ………………………. 400 2. Wallapai; Truxton CanY011 and provided for; estimate of un- N. W ……………………. 483 evangelized.. ••….••.•.•••.••. 1,500 NOIlTH CAROLINA UTAH 3. Hava-Supai; Cataract Canyon.. 169 MINNESOTA 30. Eastern Cherokees;; unprovided 45. Utes, Uintah, Uncompagre; 4. Navajos; northern part of reser- for, estimated at •~. … .. .. •.. • 600 White River; unprovided for, 17. Bois Forte Chippewa; Nett Lake estimated at ……………… 800 vation (see New Mexico Na- and Vermillion Lake …….•. 646 NOUH DAlOTA vajos); number unprovided 46. Paiutes; scattered bands …….• 370 for estimated at ………….. 3,000 18. Lake Superior and Pigeon River; 31. Chippewa and SiouJl!; unprovided 5. Apache; Coyotera, 5S6; on San unprovided for, estimated at… 2,000 for, estimated at . ~ .. .. .. .. .. .. 800 Pedro River, 300; on Lower Gila River, 300 ………….. 1,156 MONTANA I WASHINGTON 6. Apache; Geronimo and Cibique 700 7. Papago; nomadic and in villages, 19. Blackfeet; unprovided for, esti- OKLAHOMA 47. Nez Perce, Joseph's and Moses' Southern Arizona; number un- mated at .•..•••.••…•…••.. 1,000 band ……………………. 414 provided for, estimated at …• 1,000 .12. Peoria and Miami; partially pro- 8. Apache-Mohave; in Rio Verde 20. Northern Cheyenne, of Tongue vided for ………………… 359 48. Okinagan ………………….. 475 VaJley and southeast of Pres- River; unprovided for, esti- 49. Skokomish ………………… 194 cott ……………………. 400 mated at ………………… 600 33. Osage; partially provided for .. 800 SO. Scattered bands …………….. 800 34. Ponca; partially provided for.. 591 51. Ttilalip ……••…………..•.. 400 21. Flathead; unprovided for, esti- 35. Otoes and Missoutis; partially mated at·; ……………….. 1,200 WISCONSIN provided' for ……………… 435 CALIFORNIA NEVADA 36. Tonkawa; of Ponc~ Agency, 48; 52. Chippewa; unprovided for, esti- mated at .•.•…..••…••….. 1,500 9. Tribes and bands north of Teha- 22. Tribes and bands not under agen- Kaws, 158 •••••••'… ••••••••••• 206 chapi Pass; unprovided for, es- 37. Sac and Fox, 561; Ibwa, 80 ••••• 641 53. Menominee; unprovided for, es- timated at ……………….. 5,000 cies, unprovided for, estimated 38. Tribes of Eastern Oklahoma, timated at ……………….. 800 at ….•.•••…..•••.•.••.•.•.. 2,000 Kiowa, Modoc, Ottawa,· Qua- 54. Winnebago; unprovided for, es- paw, Eastern Shawnee, Seneca, tilllated at •.•••.• •. • •. . •. • . •• 500 23. Pah-Ute, Washoe, and Winne- Wyandott; unprovided for, esti- mated at …… …. … .. • ••. •• • 800 COLORADO mucca; near Reno, Nevada … 275 39. Potawatomi, Shawnee, Kickapoo. 600 40. Cherokee; full-blood comlllunities, 10. Southern Utes; Capota and 24. Paiute; Fort McDermitt 336 partially provided for, estimated Moache •..•.•.•……•..•..• 367 unevangelized …………….. 2,000 25. Moapa River; near Las Vegas.. 125 11. Winimuche Ute; near Navajo Springs ………………….. 493 NEW MEXICO Total estimated number of In- dians unprovided for …….. 47,253 26. Pueblo; of IS villages, partially IDAHO provided for, estimated unevan- OREGOlf Number of tribes and bands with- gelized ………………….. 4,000 out Christian Illissions •• •• •• 78 12. Creur ·d'Alene and Spokane …. 614 41. Siletz i Grand Ronde, Oregon ••. 429 27. Navajo; of northwestern part of Total numlier of Indians un- KANSAS territory, partially provided for, 42. Modoc, Paiute, and Pit River claimed as adherents of the Christian faith (including the 13. Potawatomi and Poncas j Prairie .. estimated unevangelized (see bands……………………. 375 above) ………………… 175,000 Band ……………………. 745 also Arizona) …………….. 1,500 43. Scattered bands on public domain, 14. Kaw; Osage Agency …•..••… 231 28. Navajo; of Canon Cito ……… 195 near Roseburg, unprovided for, estimated at …………….. 1,000

Red Men and the

THE INDIANS OF THE UNITED STATES, CHRISTIAN AND NON- CHRISTIAN BY THE REV. T. C. MOFFETT, D.D., NEW YORK Representative for Indian Work of the Home Missions Council HAT the Indians need cerning whom no statistics were gathered, is, doubtless, non-Christian. IWI is more religion and The accuracy of these data depends less fire-water," ex- largely upon the computation that claimed a grandson of was made regarding minor children. ~ Sitting Bull, as he If these were included in the total spoke of the white number enumerated, but were not man's gifts to the red man. To what listed as professing Christianity, the extent the native American race is percentage of Christians reported still without the Christian religion is would be misleading. But if the probably a subject of vaguest con- percentage is rightly calculated, what jecture and uncertainty on the part could be a louder call to the Chrisof the average intelligent citizen of tian churches in America, and what our country. Christian missions have more effective argument could be been carried on for so many years -presented for an advance in missions among the Indians of America, and to the American Indians than the by so many different denominational statement of the Government showagencies, that it is doubtless the com- ing that 61 per cent. of the Indians mon impression to regard this people enumerated are still out of the pale as almost entirely evangelized. It is of the Christian Church? certainly the intent of the Christian Church that all shall hear the Gospel. The old Apache warrior-chief, Exact information is, therefore, most Geronimo, joined the Dutch Reimportant, and careful investigation formed Church, and was baptized in of the present religious status of the the summer of 1903. He attended tribes and scattered bands of Indians the services regularly at the mission in the United States is timely. on the Fort Sill Military Reservation until the time of his death, five years The Government has within the later, when he was buried with the last few years taken a hand in the rites of the Church. For ruthless gathering of statistics of the religious savagery, outlawry, and devilish cunaffiliations of the Indians. From ning when on the warpath leading Superintendents on the reservations his scalping Apaches, or as a bandit and in charge of government schools, hunted for years in the mountains reports were received June 30, 1912, of Southern Arizona by United for 177,401 Indians. Of this num- States troops, Geronimo scarcely had ber 69,529, or 39 per cent. of the a mate. His autobiographical statetotal, have profest Christianity. A ments in "Geronimo, The Story of still larger per cent. of the other His Life," prepared a few years behalf of the Indian population, con-

fore his death, are manifestly com- he had heard and pondered. These posed and edited with his pale-face were his words, through the interfriend's assistance to such an extent preter, as he announced to the "Sunthat the thoughts of Geronimo are day-man" his conversion: more than colored. But from these remarkable confessions we read with "Tell the missionary I am done interest his witness to the new faith: with the reverence for the coyote, the rattlesnake, the bat, and the owl "Since my life as a prisoner has (the four things that the N avaj os begun I have heard the teachings of hold in superstitious fear). I am the white man's religion. and in ready to take the 'Jesus Road.' And many respects believe it to be better I have come a long distance over the than the religion of my fathers. trail to learn more of the new way." However, I have always prayed, and I believe that the Almighty has al- This gray-haired Navajo, just ways protected me. Believing that, taking his first steps in the upward in a wise way, it is good for me to trail, learning of the new faith, has go to church, and that in associating a long way to travel, and yet the with Christians it would improve my transformation already has been character, I have adopted the Chris- great; faith in the old Indian religion tian religion. I believe that the has been destroyed, hope and en- Church has helped me much during deavor along the new lines of Christhe short time I have been a mem- tian truth and the religion of the ber. I have advised all my people Book have been established. who are not Christians to study that religion, because it seems to me the The statistics of Indian missions best religion in enabling one to live of the Protestant churches of the right." United States~ as collated a year ago, give the total of adherents as 66,778. As a Christian convert Geronimo The number of communicants was rewas far from being an exemplary ported as 31,815, and of Sundaychurch-member, and some of the school enrolment 18,200. It is intertraits of his savage disposition and esting to know that 222 ordained Inof his old wild days still cropped dian ministers and 228 commissioned out in his conduct. But as a striking Indian helpers are serving in this illustration of the transformation and work. the new order religiously among many of the Indians of our country, A few years ago the Roman the testimony of the Apache chief Catholics reported 134 mlSSlOnserves well. centers, served by 164 priests, as- sisted by 110 native catechists. The To the Christian missionary at Director of the Bureau of Catholic Tuba, Arizona, on the Navajo reser- Indian Missions reported a total of vation, one hundred miles from civil- 40,CXJO good Catholics among the Inization, came an aged man last year. dians of the United States. Another He had been attending Sunday serv- estimate gives the number of Cathices, and in his deliberate way had olic Indians at about 100,000. Taking now arrived at a conclusion regard- the largest figures of all Christian ing "the Message of the Book," which bodies engaged in religious work among the Indians, there still re-

RED MEN AND THE GOSPEL

mains one-half of the total Indian ernment schools, and at one or two population of our country unclaimed points on the edge of this reserva- as adherents of the Christian faith. tion the Gospel was being proclaimed.

Of this number, the table (on the To-day so many churches have back of map) will show the tribes opened up work for this tribe and and communities unprovided with established mission stations at vari- missionaries and church organiza- ous points, that the 28,000 Navajos tions. will doubtless be evangelized by the The compiling of statistics and denominations now engaged in this data regarding the unreached tribes service if these agencies wili properly may serve to direct the attention of man their fields of labor. Yet there missionary societies and of Christian are at least 5,000 children here with- people generally to the opportunities out a missionary, teacher, or physi- before the Church. It will also re- cian, and in sections of this reser- veal that no one denomination is vation, 16,000 square miles in extent, sufficient to deal with any part of the Indians are absolutely in heathen this problem apart from other de- darkness.

nominations, and that we may pro- The Cherokees of North Carolina vide for the neglected Indians, by number 1,800, and are located on a conferences, cooperation, mutual ap- reservation of over 63,000 acres in preciation, and good-will. Swain, Jackson, and Graham coun- A few detailed statements regard- ties. There is an uneducated native ing some of the neglected tribes ministry among those Indians, most enumerated will be of value. Of the of whom are nominally Christians.

superstitious Pueblo dwellers, nomi- Here is a field needing attention, and nally Christians, many have scarcely an opening, especially at the govern- a form of Christianity superimposed ment school, where services will be upon the old heathen rites. welcomed. The Indian medicine-men Of the great tribe of the south- still exert an influence among the west, which produced a Sequoia and Cherokees, and the Christian services a Chief John Ross, the report is re- provided are wholly inadequate, Sab- ceived–"We have six thousand fuIl- bath-schools being irregular and blooded Cherokees who live in re- poorly instructed.

mote places in the hills and the val- In the State of California almost leys away from the white man and 20,000 Indians are widely scattered the railroad. There is only one way in small community groups and in- they can be reached, and that is dividual family isolation through the personally. What is needed is a man valleys, in the foothills, and among for this work like a colporteur or the mountains. Fourteen thousand the old circuit-rider, who will go to of these in the central and northern them." part of the State are in 257 bands Ten years ago the Navajos of located in 36 counties. Here the Arizona and New Mexico, the second greatest religious destitution is largest tribe in America, were in found, not more than 2,000 of these absolute heathenism except as a few Indians being adherents of any of the children had attended gov- church. Perhaps as many more have

had some instruction in the Christian pagan orgies begin again, and churchfaith. This leaves IO,OOO who arc members join in their dances and neglected, for whom the influence of 'throwaway' their property. There the church and its ordinances have is more that is religious and consenot been provided. The Methodist quently heathen in these dances and and Presbyterian Church have five other performances than an uninmission stations, the Baptists two, itiated bystander can be made to beand the Congregational and Epis- lieve. But aside from this it is copal one each. recognized by all the Indians as the reinstatement of the old Indian life, During' the past year twelve Evan- into which if one goes he drops out gelical Protestant churches engaged of the new life into which he had in work for the Indians have re- entered. ported an increase in the number of their mission-stations or working "The present conditions are not forces. There are twelve other or- properly a back-set, but a reappearganizations engaged in work for the ance. The simple truth is, it takes Indians from which there is no re- more to convert an Indian than we port of advance. have imagined. We have a revela- tion of the work that is to be done. This is a transitional stage of In- Evangelization is entirely insufficient. dian development. They are no Conversion is not enough. There longer to be penned up on reser- must be a new creature. We comc vations, and 39,000 of their youth to the perception of the fact that and children in schoo~s, and their 'discipling' the nations is some- Christian leaders, are the hope of thing seriously different from 'carrythe future. If the Church, in. its ing the Gospel' to them." evangelistic or educational efforts, halts, or takes a backward step now, From the young graduate of Yale, the labors of the past decades, and Rev. Henry Roe Cloud, a vVinnethe heroic service of self-sacrificing bago, now ordained to the Gospel missionaries, will have resulted in ministry, comes this worthy uttercomparative failure. There is not a ance: better platform upon which the Protestant churches can unite in an "It is very important to remember earnest, effective missionary under- that the real salvation of the Indian taking, than in the Indian work. must be from the inside. I should not be true to the deepest convic- What the work involves is well tions of my soul if I did not say this. stated by Dr. Alfred L. Riggs of I can well remember a dark night the Dakota Indian work: "Disap- years ago when a missionary came pointment follows success m the to me and urged me to seek the Indian mission work. Christianity friendship of the strong Son of God, seems generally accepted, heathen and asked me to give Him my ceremonies are suspended, the medi- allegiance. That night I started to cine-man falls into .the background, follow Christ, and His power has and a new era is established. Then sustained me at Santee and Mount some of the converts are found call- Hermon and Yale, and ali along my ing in the conjurers for the sick, way till this hour. There is a splen-

RED MEN AND THE GOSPEL

did opportunity offered now for life; how to be true and honest and Christian people to guide the Indian clean in their lives; how to serve into good citizenship, self-respect, Goel, not for Goel's sake but for their and excellent character. The time own; how to build up homes, how when the Government lets go of the to become self-supporting; and while Indian, and he has to stand face to the Indians are proud of their race, face with modern life, and all its I have tried to teach them to be problems and perplexities, is a mo- proud of their homes and their famiment of great opportunity for the lies. I praise the man that keeps a Christian people of this nation. On good team, that raises a good crop, the reservations they are scatterinl; that builds a fine haystack, that sells about like cotton-tails among the fat cattie, impressing upon him the bushes. Now is the time to go after fact that he who cares for his own the Indian and strengthen him by has God's blessing upon his life. the power of the Gospel from the And so, having become interested in inside. all their material welfare, no impor- tant council is ever held without my "His efficiency in this life IS tn- presence. Not only by vote of my creased by his beliefs in the Great own people, but by vote of all male Spirit and the life hereafter. Why adults on the reservation, no leasing, not bring these things back again no kind of important paper is signed to his consciousness? He still "be- unless I first read it." lieves in 'Courage, Friendship, and Endeavor.' He still believes that he The majority of the government will receive the greatest and highest boarding-schools are systematically honors when he is buried with no and regularly provided with Sabbathscar on his back, tho there may be school organizations, Sabbath preachmany on his breast-if he dies with ing, general assembly religious exerhis face to the foe. cises, and with denominational in- struction and nurture in the faith, "The Indian comes with long for the pupils who are classified in strides toward you Christian people, church groups. This is in accordwith his long hair, and his blanket ance with the rules of the Office of thrown over his shoulder. He kneels Indian Affairs. While the United to you as he has never knelt to any States Government and its officials other race in all the ages. He kneels can not, as such, inculcate sectarianbefore you, and he puts in your ism, or assume responsibility for the hands a sacred trust. What will you religious training of its wards or its do with the sacred trust that he thus school pupils, the Indian Office is not places in your keeping?" indifferent to the moral and religious welfare of those under its care in Miss Mary Collins, for many years this twofold relation of wards and a missionary of the Congregational pupils. These children and young Church to the Dakotas, has fur- people are wards, under tutelage, nished an instance of true missionary separate from home and parental ineffort in her description of her own fluences, and under agreement to rework: main in boarding-schools continuously "I have endeavored to teach these Indians to live well in their present

for a number of years, and through large, and the whole atmosphere of eight to ten months consecutively. the school is Christian. The Government must, therefore, recognize an obligation beyond that There are, however, some instances which it sustains to pupils in public of signal neglect in government day schools. The religious regula- schools. That of Huron, S. D., a tions in the federal Indian boarding- government boarding-school, may be school are consistent with the prin- cited. Here during the past year ciple recognized in providing chap- no organized church work was carlains for the army and navy, and re- ried on, no minister or priest conligious education in reform schools. ducted Sabbath services, and the sec- ular education of the pupils pro- An example of well-organized and ceded with only such volunteer work effective religious work in a govern- and occasional religious services, as ment boarding-school, is afforded by by chance could be arranged. This the plan carried out at Phoenix, is an unfortunate policy. Arizona. This institution, with over 700 pupils from more than thirty An educated pagan with the old tribes, for many years has been pro- savage instincts, is a menace to the vided for through the systematic Government which has given him efforts of ministers and lay workers training. The price upon the head of the city churches, and more re- of the outlaw bandit, Apache Kid, cently by a resident pastor giving his expresses the costly undertaking of entire time to the Indian work. secular education which produces Every Tuesday evening instruction clever rascals. classes are conducted, from forty to sixty boys and girls being taught in The educational problem is in some each group. The pastors of the city respects the most insistent one at churches have alternated in preach- this hour. The report of the Coming services on Sabbaths. Copies of missioner of Indian Affairs gives a the New Testament have been pre- total of 39,397 Indian children ensented to most of the pupils by their rolled in schoo:s-government, misteachers. A plain, simple presenta- sion and public. The previous year, tion of the Gospel message is prest '24,000 Indian children of school upon each young person, the inten- age were not in any school, and the tion being to make the pupil feel a estimate is made that there are about personal responsibility in the choice 8,000 children on the Indian reserof a Christian life, and the claims of vations 'for whom no schools have the Gospel. They are taught that been provided, and who are entirely they are to carry back to their people without educational privileges. Has on the reservation this message, and not the time come for the Protestant to live consistent lives that will be a churches to draw together and to testimony when they finish their provide Christian education for a school course and return perma- larger number'of Indian children and nently to their Indian country. The youth? It will be many years before accessions to the churches have been the Office of Indian Affairs, and the public-school system of our country, afford facilities for these 24,000 In- dian children of school age, who

5] THE RED MEN AND THE GOSPEL 75

were reported last year as not having Indian service has, is in this body been enrolled in any school, and for of returned educated men an"d the 8,000 of these for whom no wOlllen." schools or teachers have been provided. Higher education and training for Christian service are being effected Northern California furnishes the in a few schools. In Arizona, "The largest number under this heading. Charles H. Cook Bible Training Many small communities and bands School" has been inaugurated. A class of Indians are far from school of young men, with representatives houses, and having learned no Eng- from five tribes of the far southwest, lish, they recognize no inducements to is organized at Phoenix, and native enter their children in far removed leaders are being well prepared. In boarding-schools. For these small Oklahoma, Bible institutes have been day schools should be established. conducted lasting from a week to three weeks, in the groups of Where is there a more insistent churches and missions of each tribe. task to which the Church could set For the great work among the Daits hand immediately, than the pro- kotas, the Congregational and Presviding of mission-school' training for byterian Boards have united in a dethese children who are not only un- partment of the Santee Institute for tutored in secular knowledge, but Biblical and theological instruction. most of whom have never seen the inside of a Sabbath-school or church? A Christian academy under inter- There are nine Woman's Boards in- denominational control is now being cluded in the Woman's Council of established at Wichita, Kansas. Rev. Home Missions. So far as infor- Henry Roe Ooud and Mrs. Walter mation is at hand, only four of these C. Roe, are deeply interested in this have any work for the Indians. project. This object should be com- mended and the plan carefully The Federal Government maintains worked out for a distinctively Chrisfour boarding-schools in Northern tian Indian School similar to Mount California, and two in the southern Hermon, or possibly more nearly part of the state. Eight Indian day related to the character of work conschools in the north, and fourteen in ducted by Hampton Institute, or the- south, with an average capacity some of our smaller denominational of thirty pupils, are conducted. colleges. With leaders of the Indian Some ten field matrons are at work race in charge of such an institution, especially for the betterment of the a great work could be done for the homes and the conditions of the In- Indians of the United States, in the dian women. raising up of Christian leaders, and in providing an institution or acad- The problem of the returned stu- emy of college grade for the promdents should engage the large ac- ising youth from our churches and tivities of the church. The Com- Christian homes. missioner of Indian Affairs in his report states: "Throughout the In- The Young People's Society of dian country to-day, there are prob- Christian Endeavor, has been orably 35,000 of these returned stu- ganized in a few of the Indian dents. The greatest investment the

churches. At Santee, Nebraska, both stronger in the Christian faith. The a Senior and a Junior Society are young men felt the inspiration of doing good work. It has given to this visit to such an extent, that they the young Indians the essential idea practically committed themselves to of service, and of the help-one-an- preparing for Christian work among other fellowship. their own people in their several denominations. Among the Sioux Christians so newly won from paganism, eight of The need of larger medical servthe descendants of the first Chris- ice under Christian auspices is being tian families of the Dakota Mission more strongly imprest upon the have entered the Gospel ministry. friends of the Indians, as the dire Twenty-one Sioux have been or- conditions existing on the reservadained in the Presbyterian Church. tions are revealed. Of 42,000 In- dians examined last year for eye The Y. M. C. A. was first or- diseases, r6 per cent. had trachoma ganized among the Sioux by Thomas of a contagious character,' and of Wakeman, a son of Chief Little 40,000 examined, 6,800 had tuber- Crow. Dr. Charles Eastman served culosis. Even on the desert of for several years as a field secretary Arizona, on the Colorado River for the Indian Associations. There reservation, 20 per cent. had tuberare one hundred organizations among culosis, and of 7,000 Dakota Indians six tribes, and in fifteen Indian on the Pine Ridge reservation, 25 schools. There are now over forty- per cent. are tubercular. five organizations in South Dakota. The health conditions, and the In connection with Haskell Insti- study of the preventable and curable tute, the Y. M. C. A. inaugurateu diseases among the Indians, are relast winter a most successful experi- ceiving new attention. Among the ment of sending a deputation of more than roo,ooo members of the Indian young men for Gospel work Five Civilized Tribes in Oklahoma, on the reservations during the about one-third are full bloods or Christmas vacation. It was arranged three-fourths Indian blood, living in for four of the leading Association remote sections of the country among workers at Haskell. under the per- the hills and hollows, far from civilsonal guidance of the secretary, Mr. ization, many of them not speaking G. Elmer E. Lindquist, to hold evan- any English. Until the last two gelistic meetings under the mission years, nothing along the line of health board on the Potawatomi Reserva- improvement had been done for tion. These carefully selected young these people. Trachoma, tubercumen went to the reservation, and by losis and epidemic diseases had their Christian life, and strong testi- raged among them, and conditions mony of the power of Christ 'in their were primitive in the extreme. Onelives, upheld the hands of the faith- or two-room cabins were the rule, ful missionary who has been work- arid from six to twelve members of ing there, and brought such an ap- a family would live in one of these peal before the Indians that over little unsanitary homes. The per~ fifty-four signified their desire to centage of trachoma ranges from 60 lead a Christian life or to be

RED MEN AND THE GOSPEL

to 85 per cent. among those exam- "We have come to realize through ined in the country of the Five contact with workers of other races, Civilized Tribes. that the greatest need of the Indian to- day is Christian civilization: that the A great and growing evil among solving of the Indian problem lies in the Indians, is the peyote drug habit, the fact that the Indian must be not only or the mescal, as it is called. educated but led to accept the Son of God and the Savior of the world as his Dr. Harvey W. Wiley, when chief personal Savior. chemist of the United States, made analyses and experimentations of the "We also realize that this can be done use of mescal, and says that this drug more effectively by Indian students who has no special value as a medical are imbued with the spirit of Christ, and agent, but is not hing but an evil." who are ready and willing to evangeli~e their own people in this generation. A godly native ministry is the principal thing to be hoped for, and "We, therefore, offer ourselves and worked for in the next decade. The our services to teach our Indian brothers building up of a church under strong and sisters, the Way, the Truth, and the native leadership is our present duty Life of Jesus Christ." if we expect to protect the young Indian against his own tribal super- The Indian Church should be destitions and against the vices of the veloped along the lines characteristic white man's civilization. Dr. Wil- of the Red Men and their racial liam Hanna exprest the truth traits. Even as we preserve their which needs to be imprest upon the native wares and patterns, so the Indian Christians to-day: "Origin- ecclesiastical development of the Inally the Church of Christ was one dian should be Indian in type. The large company of missionaries of Red Man is not to become an imitathe Cross, each member feeling that tion pale face. to him a portion of the great task of evangelizing the world was com- Need of Sunday-schools mitted, and it will be just in proportion as the community of the The Indian populations of the faithful, through all its parts, in all United States offer a neglected field its members, comes to recognize this of opportunity for Sunday-school to be its function, and attempts to missionary effort. Where churches execute it that the e~pansive power and mission stations have been esthat once belonged to the Church tablished among the Indians, it is will return again." estimated that about one-third of the congregations have no Sunday- The Indian delegates to the Stu- schools for the children and youth. dent Volunteer Convention held in Further than this, the schools that Kansas City in January 1914, have been established generally lack adopted this significant resolution: system and method, no teacher train- ing or normal instruction being fur- "We desire to express our apprecia- nished, and literature especially tion and gratitude for the work that has adapted to the conditions and needs and is being done among our people by of Indians being almost unknown. the Christian workers from the various In parts of Oklahoma and North denominations. Dakota, conventions have been held

and one District Superintendent is fields among the denominations. If reported. the districting of the fields among the churches in countries like the The supply of illustrated literature Philippines and Mexico has proven of a simple character suitable for a wise plan, there is every reason use among the Indians, is a need in Home Mission service, and in almost untouched as yet. Most of providing for tribes speaking various the tribe have no written language. languages, that the arrangement of The various spoken tongues and comity should be secured and the dialects are comprised under fifty- greatest amount of work be accomseven different linguistic stocks. The plished with the forces available. Navajos, numbering 28,000, are now The grouping of the tribes along the for the first time getting Christian lines of ethnologic and linguistic reliterature in their own language. So, lations gives the basis for wise planat first literature in English only ning and division of the fields. could be attempted, and the workers in the field would by interpreters The whole undertaking needs to and translators adapt this to local be placed upon a statesmanlike basis. use. The Indian mind and heart The Indians are principally on resermust be approached largely through vations. Later they will be scatthe eye gate, and nature illustrations, tered. The door of opportunity is picture rolls, and cards could be em- open now. A concise program of ployed to great advantage. These action calls the Church will be prized in the homes and should be of a high-class, above the To speedily evangelize the 45,000 average wall-roll or chromo now Indians of our Christian land who being issued. Christianity as a "re- have no missionaries or church orvealed religion"-the religion of "the ganizations ; Book"-must . be presented to a people inclined to hold on to their To enlarge the number and capnature worship, to pagan practises acity of Christian schools where the ana the rites of heathen priests. Bible is taught daily, and the atmos- The Sunday-school is a prime agency phere of the school is that of the for accomplishing this transforma- Christian home; tion. As the Indian is fond of camp meetings and pow-wows, district con- To establish an industrial and inferences, and Sunday-school insti- stitutional work for the neediest tutes in connection with conventions tribes, and to employ Christian lay now organized in almost all missions workers, field mlsslOnaries and of the churches could be held. housekeepers to improve the material conditions and the home life of the It is essential that there be a care- Indians; ful outlining of missionary operations, and the extension of the work To encourage the Indians everymore effectively and without waste. where in America to adjust them- This will reveal also the need of selves to the new conditions and cooperation and a division of the strange relations into which they have been forced, and to help them, under God, to work out their own sal- vation and destiny in American life.

A RELTGIOUS CAR OF THE ORTHODOX CHURCH FOR USE IN RUSSIA AND

Chapel Cars In Russia BY L. LODIAN, NEW YORK Formerly an Engineer for the Trans·Asiatic Railrood E hear about chape1- Russia. Certain Christian philan- thropists in America and England mW ~ cars in America, but might well invest in as well-equipped few know that on the church-cars for mission work in trans-Siberian railroad pioneer fields. …… the Greek C h u r c h uses several elaborate The Slav seems to be comparatraveling church-cars. There are tively indifferent to other religions probably not less than twenty of than his own. He is sure, of course, these cars in use at the present time, that his is "the best," and is willing as the Russ is using them not alone that others should hold the same throughout Siberia, but on the trans- opinion of their beliefs. The Russ Manchuria-Mongolia branches, on calls himself a npaboc;labhi (prothe Kabkaz railroads of central Asia, nounced prabo-cIabni) meaning literand now, along the war-zones, for ally, a "right-faithist" or "orthodox." the use of the priests who go ~ith He does not even call himself a the rearguard of the army. No "krictiaH (the Russian small-capital other copy of the accompanying pic- FI has the sound of n), pronounced ture of "Religon on Wheels" has, I "kric;tianin," or Christian. For one believe, been taken out of Russia. to call himself just a Christian in Russia, is to class himself as a There are no other church-cars · 111 factionist, bordering on fanaticism. the world so ornate as these in

Sisters In South

Rev. Gerard J. Schilling, D.D., a missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church, has, at our request, written a brief criticism of the article on "Women's Rights and Women's Wrongs in South America," in the August number of the REVIEW. As a resident for many years in several of the republics mentioned in the article. he dissents from many of the generalizations which give an erroneous impression because of their one-sided statements. He continues: "Na one is more in sympathy than I am with the final appeal of the writer, 'take the South American sisters into your hearts, and do something to give them the Gospel; but it does not seem. fair to leave the impression that this appeal is based simply upon the conditions stated. Similar conditions exist in London or in N ew York City, where factory girls sin because of unhealthy moral conditions in crowded factories, as well as in Buenos Aires. The unfortunate ones in the Argentine are to a very large degree foreigners."

EW people in the Uni- of these women have already lived immoral lives at home, and the mF ted States know much abominable white slave traffic, altho about immigration into at last greatly restricted, does surely exist. Argentine. In the year But who are these unfortunate . 1913 the total immi- women? South Americans, all but the very smallest fraction 01 them, gration into Bu~nos are European women, Poles, French, Russians, yes, and English too. A Aires was 327,446 persons. Among number of them also are Jews-to my surprize. These do not reflect these were 122,271 Spanish; 114,252 upon the character of the South American woman. Having studied Italians; 4,317 Austrians; 4,696 this problem, I doubt whether Buenos Aires, that Babel of nations, French, and 18,626 Russians. The is worse in that respect than Paris or Berlin. statistics report that the women num- The lack of restraint among the bered 86,176, and the majority of young men in the cities, men who congregate at the corners of the . them were unmarried. About one streets and pass remarks such as "Que linda!" "Que bonita la nena!" thousand of them are classed as "Que gorda, che!" (being translated, "How nice!" "What a lovely girl!" artists, a term which includes vaude- "Look at that stout one, fellows !") makes it unpleasant for women to ville, circus and show performers; go out alone, especially at dusk or in the dark. But does not that re- 7,132 were registered as cooks; 9,387 flect upon the men rather than upon the women? If the latter liked that as seamstresses; 2,425 as dress- makers; 3,127 as weavers; 7,059 as laundresses; 23,742 as servants (male and female, but predominantly female), and 12,652 women, not children, were registered as "without profession." Is it any wonder that there is much immorality in Buenos Aires, when such a stream of women of doubtful reputation at' home, stimulated to emigrate because of unsatisfactory conditions in Europe, pours into that city in one year? It is a saddening truth that a number sort of thing, they would not find the illiteracy from which that confault with it, would rather seek it tinent has emerged, or even compare than shun it. it with the state of education in some of the provinces of Spain There are congested and crowded to-day. Argentine and Chile have conventillos in Buneos Aires or San- splendid educational facilities, and tiago; yet they are not as bad as other republics are following in the similar hovels in Hester Street, New wake. In Buenos Aires there are York, or in the East End of London. forty-seven schools for the higher For years I have been pastor in education for women and sixty-two Buenos Aires and in Santiago, yet I elementary schools for girls. have failed to see there tenement THE MISSION SCHOOL AND PART OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CONGREGATION IN ROSARIO, ARGENTINE conditions as bad as in New York, Ponder also the following figures: Liverpool, Naples, or Rangoon. In in the different schools of Buenos my thirteen years of labor in South Aires there are 3,905 regular teach- America I have not, in all that time, ers, 3,295 of whom are women; seen as many drunken women, as in there are 696 special professors, 648 Glasgow in one afternoon. of whom are women. Buenos Aires is Argentine, as Paris is France. The facts are, that South Ameri- Thus it is the women shape the educan women have made wonderful cation of the people of Argentine. strides toward emancipation. Do not forget that only one hundred years In the commercial offices women have passed since the first cry for are the stenographers and women independence' from Europe was operate the telephone exchanges. It raised in South America. Think of has taken the European war to dis~

cover what excellent street-car con- lender to the middle class, and while ductors women make in England and it is true that she has no book Germany, while Chile has had them knowledge (often because of the lack for years. I have never seen one of literature that interests her), she of these prim conductoresses, with can keep accounts with the accuracy their uniform hat and white apron, of the Chetty of Madras.

insulted all the while I lived in Ve must take the climate into ac- Santiago. count when we judge of things per- And what excellent mothers the taining to the women of Brazil or Argentine and Chilean women make. Paraguay, or Colombia. The heat Their fault lies on the side of over- . tends to laziness and the long siesta much care and restriction of their helps to prolong the time for eve- daughters. Social standards and ning entertainments. If girls are society manners and customs are, of married at an age which seems to course, different from our Anglo- Northerners shockingly young, we Saxon type, but we could learn must not lose sight of the fact that many things from our polite and physical' maturity takes place at an iormal Southern sisters. Whoever earlier epoch in the life of the has lived some years in Argentine Southern girl.

and has an unbiased mind will As superintendent over several agree that the Argentine woman is girls' schools, and by my observation a home-lover, a careful protector of of normal schools in other republics her daughters and a true wife. If of South America, I have come to anyone is to be blamed for lax moral the conclusion that the "Sister in the conditions, blame the men, who too South" is a bright scholar, a splendid often fail to appreciate the sacrifice needlewoman, a lover of her family and the true affection the carefully and, when married, is a queen in her guarded young bride brings to her own home. .What she needs to fully new home when married into sur- develop her fine traits is the Gospel roundings and experiences absolutely of Jesus Christ, in its simplicity and new to her, not by her own fault. purity, which she does not know.

N or is this promising state of When once she knows Him and the things to be found in the more ad- power of His resurrection, she will vanced of the Southern Republics soon give up the confessional and only, where we have women' as her rosary and let the saints alone.

physicians, lawyers and public school In the churches which I have served teacl'lers. The most independent as pastor, the women were among the woman in the world is the Bolivian most faithful members of the con- ChoIa; she is the merchant of the gregation.

Capital; she presides over her store South-American women are not or stores; she combines with the sinners above all others. They act other women in fixing daily the as all others act who have not the prices for the vegetable market. I Gospel of Christ preached unto them, was shaved in Uyuni by a woman but they are racially, intellectually, who owned and operated a barber- and by natural disposition our shop. The Chola is often the money- "Sisters of the South."

A Clinic in Comparative

EXPERT EXPERIMENTAL TESTIMONY AS TO BUDDHISM AND CHRISTIANITY BY ROBERT E. SPEER,* NEW YORK g.T HE clinic was held in western Christians who have learned ~ Tap Teang in the prov- Buddhism only from books or by o ince of Trang, Mon- eastern Buddhists who have either than of Puket, in ,the not studied Christianity at all or ~ lower peninsula of have derived their knowledge of it Siam. The partici- only from nominal Christians. pants sat in the broad passageway that ran through the missionary's Only a few steps away from house, and served as dining-room, re- where we sat was a Buddhist wat ception room, and library. It was with its shed of Buddhist images, the hot season, and the 'tropical sun its palm-thatched house of priests was blazing without. Across the and novices and its wat school for lawn was the jungle from which the the boys of the village. Some of the tropical birds were calling. Pine- priests in their picturesque yellow apples, cocoanuts, pomegranates and robes passed by on the jungle road, a score of fruits were ripening in with their chelas bearing their rice the garden. Village people and bowls after them: For centuries lonely dwellers in the forest passed upon centuries the influence of Budsilently by with their burdens in a dhism had lain upon the land and the many-colored stream of life on the clinic was held against a background road by the jungle edge. of reality.

The clinic was in the nature of We began with the question: a comparative study of the power of "What did you not find in Buddhism Christianity and Buddhism to meet that you have found in Christianity? human need. It was not an academic Vas this discovery the actually comstudy from a distance of ten thou- pelling reason for your acceptance of sand miles. The participants were the Christian faith?" men who had been brought up in Buddhism, and who kn:c'v it thor- Loop made the first reply. He oughly from within. They had was a short, shy man who had been honestly tried its Way and have now for seven years in the Buddhist as honestly tried Christianity and priesthood. For all these years, he have known it also from within. said, he had felt the need of a They were, therefore, able to make Savior. That need Buddhism had such an intelligent and authoritative not met and had not profest to comparison as can not be made by meet. Buddha succeeded only in saving himself and frankly told his disciples that he could not presume * Dr. Speer is now on his way home frem a journey to Eastern As:atic m:ssions.

to save anyone else-that every man upon that gave him security for his must be his own savior. How, in- salvation. He had no consciousness deed, could Buddha save or help? that the merit which he was accumu- The salvation which he himself had lating would wipe away his sin. He sought and attained was annihilation could make no satisfactory calculain Nirvana. How then could he aid tions that this was the fact. those who were still struggling in the toils of life? There could be no His Buddhist longing for a guaraccess to Buddha since Buddha him- anty of the perpetual remembrance self had ceased to exist. of his good deeds was, however, met by Christ's assurance that He would Loop said that he came to realize personally remember even a cup of that his Buddhist prayers reached cold water given in His name. no one. An extinguished Buddha Buddha had given no such assurcould not hear them and the Bud~ ance. How could he do so? How dhist doctrine was that there was no could extinction and remembrance god to hear. All that Buddha could consist together? Even on the do he had done. He had left his grounds of securing a man's accuexample and his exhortations. With mulation of merit, Sook's heart had these each man must work out his turned to Christ, for here was a salvation for himself. Therefore, if living Master who would keep a Buddhism is true and Buddha has record in His personal remembra"nce. attained extinction by his Way, there "That remembrance could there be is no saving help from him for man. with the dead master with whom If, on the other hand, there is Buddhism bade his heart be content? such saving help from him, and if He knew of no memory but person'll he can hear and answer prayer, memory and that was precisely what then Buddhism is false and Buddha Buddhism did not provide. has not attained the end he sought. Christianity also offered in many Not to salvation, but to despair, places, of which John 3: r6 was one, had Buddhism led the heart of Loop. a true and living Savior from Sill. But with joy and deliverance he There was none such in Buddhism. learned of the living Savior, Jesus It knew absolutely nothing outside of Christ, by whom, as the present and oneself that could take away sin. accessible power of God, he ob- The only escape must be by the tained a salvation that is real now sinner's own deeds and in proportion and is rich with abounding and to the inexorable profit and loss aceternal significance forever. count of his acts. But in Christianity the sin was taken clean away and The second to make answer was atoned for. The loftier thought of Sook, who also had for years been salvation was also accompanied by a in the Buddhist priesthood. He pro- deeper view of sin. In Buddhism ceeded to contrast his present Chris- he had never felt that he was a tian experience with the opposite ex- sinner against Buddha and there was perience of his life in the wat. In no god against whom to sin. He was the first place he said that he had a sinner because he had sinned formerly had no assurance of faith. against himself or broken the law There was nothing that he could rest

A CLINIC IN COMPARATIVE

and the law itself had been to him had to the Christian Trinity and of only a human way and not a Divine the love and help and saving power will. and eternal hope which they had brought to him. He only added that In Christianity he saw sin in pro- Buddha had never imprest him as founder significances of which Bud- the owner of his life, nor had he ever dhism, with its deadening interpreta- regarded him as a providence thinktion, could not conceive. ing and caring for his life. He looked now to Jesus Christ as his The third to speak was Choon. personal proprietor and the guide of He had been a novice in the wat but his way and the complete sovereign had not entered the full priesthood. of his soul. Jesus, moreover, in a He had come to the mission hospital whole realm of being strange to suffering with pleurisy and, altho the Buddha, had made atonement for his medical missionary was away on fur- sin and had taken it far away. lough, the missionary nurse had been bold to operate to save his life and The Chinese Laundryman he was up and about now, tho still needing to carry in his body the The clinic was interrupted at this drain for his disease. point, grea,tly to its enrichment by the visit of the Chinese laundryman Choon had been taught Buddhism of Tap Teang, Kuon Luing-"Sunny from his earliest childhood and was Jim" the missionaries call him-and only a child now in the Christian he came in like a sunburst with his faith, but the contrast which imprest genial smile and irrepressible, conhim most was between the Trinity tagious laughter. He had been for of Buddhism and the Trinity of sixteen years in America and had Christianity. In Buddhism the been baptized as a Christian in the Trinity consists of Buddha, the three Greene Avenue Baptist Church ·in Baske~s of the Law, and the Priest- Brooklyn. After returning to southhood. With two of these three ern China he had come in the great Choon had been well acquainted. immigrant invasion of the Malay The Baskets of the Law he had peninsula. He had found his way studied and the third party of the to Trang and then inland through Trinity was made up of his neigh- the jungle to Tap Teang. He was bors. But the first person of the himself an incarnate treatise on com- Buddhist Trinity he could not know, parative religion. Whoever wished and with him he could have no con- to compare Christianity and Budtact at all. dhism needed only to look at Kuon Luing and his neighbors. His life Cut off from any help from bore witness to the light of the Buddha, could the Law or the Priest- knowledge of the glory of God which hood help him? No help whatever shone in the face of Jesus Christ. had they ever given him and no help His pride in his two children, not his could they ever give. They had no boy only-that would have been ineternal life for him here, and when telligible-but in his older daughter he died there was no help that they also, was in itself the manifestation. could offer in the world to come..

Choon said that he need not speak in .contrast of the access which he

of a new social principle in the com- The Buddhist Idea of God munity. All these were answers to the in- A Chinese Coolie Evangelist quiry as to what there is in Chris- tianity which had living and. drawing When Kuon Luing had gone, both power to them, and why Bljddhism taking away and leaving behind the left them unsatisfied. The answers light of his countenance, Ah Toon seemed to reduce themselves to a spoke. The other three had been flat charge of atheism against their Siamese, but Ah Toon was a Chinese. old Buddhist thought. To clear up He had been originally Dr. Dunlap's this point we asked whether they coolie and then his cook, but his were prepared to stand by this quick intelligence, his true life and charge. What had they actually earnest faith had commended him thougfut of God in their old Bud- for the evangelistic work which he dhist days? It soon appeared that was now doing with steadily in- their Buddhism had been a logical creasmg power. atheism but that it had never been Buddhism, said he, is a thoroughly able to extirpate the fundamental worldly religion. There is nothing faith of the human heart in God.

heavenly about it either in its origin We also asked if that faith had or in the offers which it makes to avenged itself against Buddha by the human heart. It does not lay making him the god whose existence claim to any divine origin. Buddha he had denied?

plainly declared that he was only a Loop replied that he knew that man, that he had discovered his doc- Buddha was not God, for Buddha trine for himself. All the concep- had, as a matter of fact, worshiped tions of the religion are earthly con- gods, outside of himself. But Loop ceptions. It has none but earthly said that he knew that as a Buddhist springs from which the thirsty can he had no thought of God and had drink. Christianity, on the other not regarded Buddha as God, for hand, has come down from above. Its Buddha had died and attained ex- central principle, the atonement, its tinction, so that he could not be God.

central doctrine, the cross, has not And yet Loop said that he must add been conceived by men nor come that when he was in the priesthood from man. The offers which it now he had a vague idea of a great makes to men are offers of life and author of his life, and at times he had strength in God. Here notably the vaguely worshiped Him and prayed words of ] ohn's Gospel are true to Him as "Most Gracious Father."

of Christianity in its contrast with Loop and the other men thought Buddhism, "No man has ascended that both in the temples and in com- up to heaven, but he that came down mon life the Siamese people have from heaven even the Son of Man this dim idea of a universal and which is in heaven; He that cometh benevolent fatherly providence, from above is above all. He that is greatly obscured by Buddhism and of the earth is earthly and speaketh its images, but indestructible and as- of the earth. He that cometh· from serting itself in times of trouble and heaven IS above all." distress. The idea did not come

A CLINIC IN COMPARATIVE

from Buddhism, for it lay behind occasionally forced themselves for- Buddhism and could not be recon- ward and that the thought of God ciled to it. In times of storm in the needed by the soul is associated in northeast monsoon, along the Gulf of the minds of the common people with Siam, the sailors often fall on their the images of Buddha. They said that, faces and, forgetting their Buddhism, by the ironical judgment of time, the call aloud, "0 most Gracious Father, great teacher himself who discarded still this tempest," or "0 most God, has been punished by deifica- Gracious Father send a favoring tion and in ten thousand temples wind." men kneel down before his own image for a worship which he had Ah Toon said that this thought taught them is destitute of meaning had not been as strong with him and of power. before his contact with the Siamese as it had been since, and that he be- The Impress of Christ lieved it came from a strain in Siamese thought closely akin to the The character of Christ fills so ideas of natural religion in the West. necessary and effective a place in Christian apologetics at home, and The influence of the late king, has of late years filled so large a Chulalongkom, who accepted many place in missionary apologetics 011 Christian ideas, promoted phraseol- the foreign field, and in the study of ogies in official addresses recognizing the relations of Christianity and the a divine personal providence. During non-Christian religions, that we the journey of General Grant around asked this little group in Tap Teang the world, the King had said to him what elements in Christ's character as he was leaving Siam: "May the most imprest their minds and hearts, one who is supreme in all the uni- especially in comparison with the verse and who controls in the affairs character of Gautama. of men and who governs the elements guard, keep, and defend you in your We were greatly surprized to have. journeyings." them deliberately pass by the direct point of our inquiry. It turned out Dr. Dunlap believes that such lan- that it was not the human character guage, often repeated by the 'King, of Jesus which interested them at all encouraged the ideas of natural re- but his meaning for their experience ligion. He quoted an oath of office as a present supernatural Redeemer taken by judges in one of the crimi- and Lord. These aspects of Christ nal courts, running: "Buddha, the as an etern;l!ly efficient and saving Scriptures and the Priesthood and person fiIled all their horizon and the One who is supreme in the uni- they were not specially interested in verse who knows the hearts of all letting Him down to the level of the men, who is present with all men, man Gautama and comparing the two who knows the deeds of all men, be in their earthly lives. And yet now witness to me that in taking this ap- that they were put to it, the compointed office I should discharge all parison interested them, altho they my duties in truth and fidelity." would not have thought of attaching much importance to it. The men in conference thought that true ideas like these only

"The conception of Christ's char- Jesus supplied it." Upon being reacter which appeals to me," said minded of the two contrasted say- Loop, "is the New Testament doc- ings-Buddha's, "I am no man's sertrine of Him as the creator of all vant"; and Christ's, "I am in the things, showing the wisdom and midst of you as one that serveth," beneficence of His character in the Choon answered, "Yes, those sayings creation. I like also the thought of are both true." Jesus as the 'Light of the world,' enlightening men spiritually and "To me," said Ah Toon, "this is shedding a great brightness upon the the great contrast-the confidence soul. But the supreme reason for and assurance of Jesus against my belief in Jesus and my loyal at- Buddha's uncertainty. It is said that tachment to Him is the Cross. The Buddha taught the way to heaven Cross and its revelation of the char- but all he did was to exhort men to acter of Christ distinguish Him from acquire merit. I do not believe that all other gods that I have heard of, he ever assured his disciples that he and Christ's dying for sinners is or they had attained the heavenly superior to anything that I have way. Jesus, on the other hand, said: heard asserted in any other religion." "I am the Way . . . I go to pre- pare a place for you . . . Whither I "Jesus' life on earth," said Soak, go ye know and the way ye know." "far transcended the life of Buddha. The latter was all centered in him- These were all simple men, unself, while Christ's life did not center trained in any western school. They in Himself. He went about doing had never read and could not read good to others and meeting human an English book. They did not need. This attracted me to Jesus. possess a single commentary or ex- And yet white Jesus helped people pository volume in their own lanwhom He met, this would never have guage, but they had learned from the saved mankind or me. The trans- New Testament and from their own cending thing is that Christ, in order hearts where the "center of gravity" to save man, laid down His life for in Christianity is to be found, and sin. Buddha did nothing to save by their own instinct and under the men except to teach them what he leadership of the missionary teaching believed to be the way in which they which they had received, they went might save themselves." straight to "one of the most promi- nent and enviable characteristics of "Buddha, in walking over the the New Testament religious life." world," said Choon, "met misery and fled from it. Jesus met it, endured Professor Denney describes it in it, and miraculously helped it. He his volume on II. Corinthians in the did not abhor the sight of suffering. Expositor's Bible: "Christ is on It appealed to him and he went to His throne and His people are exrelieve it. I think there is a good alted and victorious in Him. When deal of similarity of teaching be- we forget Christ's exaltation in our tween Buddha and Christ, but their study of His earthly life-when we inner principles were fundamentally are so preoccupied, it may even be different. Buddha begged bread, so fascinated, with what He was, that we forget what He is-when,

A CLINIC IN COMPARATIVE

in other words, a pious historical "I love Him so much," answered imagination takes the place of a one, "and my heart is so loyal to living religious faith–that victorious Him that I am ready to die for consciousness is lost and in a most Him." essential point the image of the Lord is not reproduced in the believer. "Yes," we suggested, "but that is This is why the Pauline point of talk of an experience not real to view-if indeed it is to be called you. What is He to you in the ex- Pauline and not simply Christian- perience that is actually real?" is essential. Christianity is a religion, not merely a history, tho it "All I can say," was his reply, "is should be the history told by Mat- that no other presence is more disthew, Mark and Luke; and the tinctly with me." chance of having the history itself appreciated for religion is that He "I am sure," said another, "that I who is its subject shall be contem- often see Him in my heart." plated, not in the dim distance of the past but in the glory of His heavenly "As for me," said a third, "surely reign and that He shall be recognized His presence is true and to bring to not merely as one who lived a per- Him all of life is an experience unfect life in his own generation, but as known in Buddhism." the giver of life eternal by His spirit to all who turn to Him. The Church "The only way I know," said the will always be justified, while re- fourth, "is the way of fellowship by cognizing that Christianity is a his- faith, of life through death." torical religion in giving prominence not to its historicity, but to what These men did not know a great makes it a religion at all-namely the deal of Christianity, if by "a great present exaltation of Christ. This deal" we mean masses of facts or involves everything and determines, systems of doctrine, but if we have as St. Paul teIls us, the very form in mind the core and inward prinand spirit of her own life." ciple and saving grasp then they knew a great deal. It is possible Fellowship With Christ that we might have found that they knew much more if the confer- This quotation was in our minds ence had not ended then with the as we asked our friends one last coming of a Christian woman from question: "In what forms or in a distant village to bring a present what modes do you have fellowship of mangoes to the visitors from afar. with this living Christ?" She was a woman whose father, fifty years ago, had groped his way from Buddhism toward God through looking at the wonder of the human hand which God had made.

"The difference between a life without Christ and a life with Christ is the rlifference between ebb and flood-the one is growing emptier, and the other is growing fulIer."-CHARLES CUTHBERT HALL.

and Islam*

BY THE REV. H. U. WEIBRECHT, D.D., LONDON, ENGLAND Formerly a missionary in India IDT HE present European war the only important Moslem state that found the Mohammedan has remained quasi-independent. Her world with a population Sultan claims to be the Khalifa, or suc- estimated at 201 mil- cessor of the Prophet, and over a large lions, of whom ninety part of the Moslem world his claim is and a half millions were allowed, or at the least he is regarded under British, thirty-five millions under as the leader of the Faithful. True, Russian and French rule, and forty-one the Sultan no longer governs, but only and a half millions under other Western reigns, while his policy is dictated by a governments, chiefly the Dutch. Of the camarilla which has little enough in remaining thirty-four millions, about common with the beliefs and ideals of eighteen millions were subjects of the the average Moslem. But this condition Ottoman Empire. of things is as yet little known and hardly at all realized by the illiterate The Crisis in Turkey mass of the Mohammedan world. What effect, then, is this action of Turkey Great Britain and her allies thus rule likely to have on the attitude of Mosover a preponderant majority of the lems to Christian Powers, and to the world's Moslems (126 out of 201 mil- Christian faith and its teachers? It is lions). The leaders of this great mass the latter question which specially conhave loyally espoused the cause of their cerns us here. Western rulers; hundreds of thousands of Moslems are fighting in the ranks of To answer it we must take into acthe Allied armies, and so far it seems count the place of the Turkish power in likely that the mass of these populations the history of Islam. From the first a will follow, actively or passively, the faith and a polity in one, Islam derived lead that has been given. On the whole, both its origin and its character from they have been well treated; they expe- Arabia, and for many centuries its Kharience greater justice and better protec- lifas (Caliphs), the temporal successors tion than under former governors; their of Mohammed, were Arabs. material prosperity has increased; they enjoy full religious freedom; and they With sundry fluctuations the tide of stand to lose rather than to gain by a Turkish dominion has ebbed from the change of Western rulers. Danube valley, the Balkan peninsula, Greece, Crete, the JEgean Sea, Cyprus, N ow, however, Turkey-yielding to Tunis, Tripoli, Egypt, till, with the exlong pressure-has intervened on the ception of Constantinople and Adrianoside of the Austro-German coalition. To· pie, the Turkey of 1914 is an Asiatic those who had hoped that a new and power only. Now she has staked this progressive Turkey might emerge from remnant of empire on the hazard of war the recent revolution this is a profound which she might well have avoided. disappointment, for it involves nothing less than the strong probability of her The Turks and Their Religion entire dissolution. At present Turkey is The organization of the Ottoman Em- (with the doubtful exception of Persia) pire from the very first has been that of a military class, ruling over a medley * From The Church Missionary Rev1eu'. of subject races. Even now the pro- macy, and carried on by internal moveportion of Turks to other nationalities ments toward enlightenment and reform. in the Empire is not much more than During that time various regulations for half, and before the loss of the Euro- reform had been issued, and tho none pean and African provinces it was much was entirely operative, and some scarceless. This difference between the mili- ly at all, the mere fact of their promultary and official classes and the com- gation marked some advance. Despite paratively pure-bred peasantry may reactions of the old party, such as the partly account for the very varying es- terrible massacres at Adana, the movetimates made of the Turkish character. ment as a whole is bound to go on. But in what form the life of Turkey will In religious belief the Turkish Mos- emerge from the present melting-pot, lems are mainly Sunnis; that is to say, who can tell? they belong to the great majority of Moslems who revere the first four Kha- The Turkish Races lifas and follow the sunnat or custom of Mohammed, embodied in the Tradi- The uncertainty is greatly increased tions, as the complement of the Koran. by the unassimilated condition of the The Sufi, or mystic school, is represented races which compose the Turkish Emby the durvish orders. These include pire as it now stands. Reliable census those known as the "dancing" and the returns are non-existent, and one result "howling" durvishes, whose exercises of the late Balkan wars has been a conare in reality less grotesque than their siderable shifting of Christian and Mussobriquet seems to imply. The dancing sulman population to westward and eastis a form of ecstatic devotion not unlike ward. that of David, which called forth the disapproval of Michal. Among the no- The bulk of the Moslem population is mad Tatars in the central highlands of rather more than one-half of the total. Asia Minor, quasi-sacramental rites are But among the Moslems there is a cleavobserved which seem like remnants of age between the Arab element and the former Christianity. The Druzes of the rest. The Turkish dominion in Arabia Lebanon and the Yazidis of the Mosul extends on the west through a strip district represent heretical and idola- on the shores of the Red Sea, and on trous departures from Islam accom- the east through another strip by the panied by secret rites and teachings. desert, and part way down the Persian Gulf. The western strip includes the A military rule must have an abso- central sanctuaries of Islam at Mecca lute head, and such the Sultan has been and Medina, and extends to an uncersince the days of Othman 1. till the con- tain distance south of them. As de facto stitution of 1909 was introduced. A guardian of these religious centers, tocheck on his arbitrary power was pro- gether with that of Jerusalem, Turkey vided by the law of Islam as interpreted .s the leader of the Moslem world; Qut by the 'ulama or divines, at whose head the claim of the Sultan to the Khalafat is the Shaikhu'l Islam (Elder or Doyen is strongly disputed by Arab divines and of Islam). His fatwa or legal opinion many others, on the ground that by unhad to be obtained before the Sultan, doubted traditions of the faith the Kha- 'Abdul Majid, could be deposed. Iifa must belong to Mohammed's own tribe, the Quaraish, which, of course, the The revolution of 1908 seemed to be Turkish Sultan does not. A large part the crowning-point of a liberalizing of Arabia repudiates not only his claim movement which had been going on in to the Khalafat, but also Ottoman rule, Turkey for a century, initiated by the pressure of European opinion and diplo-

and III the nominally subject parts re- tamia, and Armenia, and represent in sistance is frequent. lineal descent the ancient churches of those regions. The constant struggle to The Tatars and Kurds are partly maintain the existence of their faith and settled, partly nomad, and it is the latter community under the ceaseless pressure element especially which harries its of Moslem domination has excluded Christian neighbors in the uplands of from their view the idea of evangelizing Mesopotamia. The Turks are mainly the Moslem. Even now, the nominal redivided between the upper classes, con- moval of the death penalty for renunsisting of military and civil officials and ciation of Islam has but slightly affected landowners, and the peasantry, a fru- the official and social forces which miligal, hospitable, and generally quiet, tho tate against conversion to Christianity. backward, race. The professional and Jn addition to the ancient churches there mercantile classes are largely Chris- .s now a considerable Protestant comtians; but the. spread of education from munity, gathered in the course of last the West, especially through the Ameri- century almost entirely through accescan missionary coIleges, is modifying sions from the Eastern churches. In these conditions. The Greeks live chiefly this work American missionaries have along the coast of Asia Minor, but also taken a leading part. The w{)rk of enin some parts of the interior; they sup- lightenment and reform has been slow ply to a large extent the trading ele- and opposed by many conservative inment. The Armenians in the northeast fluences, so that Eastern Christians who of Asia Minor on the borders of the could not find the supply of their spiri- Caucasus represent an ancient and tual needs in their own communion mighty kingdom, the remnants of which naturally gravitated elsewhere. Efforts are now divided between Turkey anrl like that of the Archbishop's Mission to Russia in the proportion of five-eighths the Assyrian Church have helped to eduto three-eighths. It is here that the Rus- cate and strengthen them against the insian and Turkish forces are contending roads of Islam. The Protestant churches for the mastery of Erzerum. Arme- have been recognized by the Turkish nians are scattered throughout the Em- government as belonging to a special pire. The Armenians were formerly millat, and their superior level of eduknown as millat i sadiga, "the loyal re- cation, together with the influence of ligion," but the repression by misgov- their missions, has stimulated other ernment of their aspirations and the bodies and helped to raise the status of fearful massacres that have followed Christianity as a whole. Exact figures have made the Armenian a centrifugal as to the different missions and the size element in the Empire. of the Protestant community are not available. The great American colleges Christians in Turkey in Constantinople, Harput, Beirut, and Aintab have profoundly influenced the The Christian churches of the Turkish educated classes of the country, both Empire represent a substantial section of Christian and Moslem. the population, perhaps three-fifths; but their numerous divisions and the deprest The ancient Christian churches and condition in which they have been kept modern missionary work in the Turkish have prevented their exercising a pro- dominions alike call for earnest and perportionate influence in the life and de- severing prayer in the present troubles, Yelopment of the people. They bulk uplifted by good hopes for the future. most largely in Syria, Upper Mesopo-

Liberty In Russia*

A REVIEW OF THE PRESENT SITUATION FROM THE STANDPOINT OF EVANGELICAL CHRISTIANITY BY A. MCCAIG, B.A., LL.D. Chairman of the Russian Evangelization Society . U C H is said about a "New the wives and children on account of the changed habits of husbands and fathers EMI Russia," and we rejoice are things to make glad the hearts of all in every indication of lovers of their kind. movement in the right direction which that Russia a Religious Nation great empire is making. The Tsar's edict forbidding the sale There can be no doubt that this war or manufacture of vodka, Russia's has called out noble qualities of the national and baneful drink, has been welcomed by all right-thinking people; INTERIOR OF RELIGIOUS CAR IN RUSSIA and it has been the regret of not a few that a similar course has not been taken Russian nation. Russia is a religious nain England in relation to the sources of tion, religion and patriotism are indeed intemperance. Undoubtedly Russia has, to a large extent blended together; and in this matter, given a brilliant example the Tsar's' determination to espouse the to the world. The fact that the sale of cause of the weak kindred nation of vodka was a government monopoly made Serbia has had the whole-hearted supits suppression a less complicated meas- port of his vast Empire. The mood of ure than would be a corresponding course the people is very different from that at with Great Britain. But perhaps all the the time of the Japanese war. Then the more on this account, is the Russian conscript soldiers went because they Government to be admired for the cour- must; now all are eager to go. There age and high moral feeling shown in is also a feeling that great good will be deliberately sacrificing a very consider- the outcome of the terrible conflict. able part of the national revenue in the interests' of the nation's welfare. There can be little doubt that the outcome will be a renovating influence upon the life of the nation. The great diminution of crime, with the increased comfort in the home life, has been so marked that the prohibition, which was at first designed to be co-extensive with the duration of the war, has now been made absolute, and the manufacture of the deleterious stuff is altogether abolished. Russians say that the difference is remarkable; the peaceable behavior in the streets, the public-houses empty of loafers and brawlers, the increased efficiency of the workmen, and, above all, the delight of "From The Life of Faith.

Another token for good is the circu- that through closer relation with Westlation of the Scriptures among the sol- ern Powers, Russia may imbibe more of diers. These are eagerly welcomed and the spirit of true freedom, and take a diligently read. This is a feature of more advanced place in the line of true Russian life that has for a- considerable civilization. time been manifest, and has been very cheering to those who have been work- Continued Intolerance ing for the evangelization of the people; for while we endorse the verdict of There is, however, another side of the many observers as to the religious dis- shield, and we are bound to say that we position of the Russian peasant, we must are disappointed at Russia's attitude toremember that this is often a blind feel- ward religious liberty. ing which expresses itself in submission to the rites of the Church and even to When, in 1905, the Tsar issued his superstitious observances, and has often famous Edict of religious toleration, little influence upon the moral life; it great hopes were entertained as to the may be quite consistent with much ignor- res-ults, and undoubtedly much real good ance, immorality, and drunkenness. But has accrued, and the condition of Disthis "hunger for the Word of Life" is senters in Russia is now very different a most hopeful sign. It is one thing to from what it was' formerly. The free the credit of the Orthodox Greek preaching of the Gospel led to a great Church, that she has never withheld the awakening tlf religious life, and the Bible from the people. That is one "hunger for the Word of Life" which thing which makes it so much easier to possest so many found satisfaction. present the Gospel appeal to the Russian Churches sprang up and mUltiplied than to the Roman Catholics. The Brit- everywhere, and great was the joy of all ish and Foreign Bible Society has, with lovers of Gospel freedom. the approval of both Church and State, circulated the Scriptures throughout From the first the liberty given by the Russia, and the manifested eagerness of Tsar was considerably qualified by the the soldiers to possess a copy while at action of individual governors to whom the front is part of the general indica- was committed, the administration, and tion of the people's love for the Word. before long reactionary influences began But as this intensifies, and as the study to make themselves felt, and in many of that Word increases, we may well ways the Tsar's beneficent intentions, hope that a flood-tide of vivifying in- as exprest in the Imperial Ukase, have fluences will be poured through the land. been thwarted. The influence of the Orthodox Greek Church is very great We do not stop to emphasize the in State affairs, and that has continuchange which may have taken place in ously been used to restrict the liberties the political sphere through the estab- of the "Sectarians." lishment of the Duma; no doubt liberty has been promoted thereby, albeit the Last year a measure, which had been Duma is very different from a free Par- long before the Imperial Senate, and liament. Still, it is the beginning of against which the preachers had probetter things, and will, we hope, prove to tested and petitioned, was passed into be "the shadow of good things to come." law. The effect of this is' to restrict The Tsar's proclamation concerning Po- every preacher to his own church and land betokens a desire to grant real poli- make itinerant preaching, which is so tical liberty, which we trust the future important in Russia, where churches are will justify, and we fain cherish the hope scattered and pastors not sufficiently nu- merouS', quite impossible. Notice was given to all the pastors, and they had to sign a paper to the effect that they

LIBERTY IN RUSSIA 77

had read the new law. Pastor Feder Petrograd the provisions of the Tsar's of Petrograd and others at once sent a Edict have been fairly well interpreted, protest. Provincial Governors have been gener- ally, tho there have been honorable ex- Soon afterward, Mr.Fetler was appre- ceptions, inclined to restrictive interprehended at his prayer-meeting, taken to tations and to oppression. Now we fear the police-station, and was confined with that the action taken at Petrograd will other "criminals." Subsequently, the encourage these Provincial Governors police-officer came and told him that if in their oppressive tendency. he would sign a paper to leave Petrograd for Siberia within three days he Another ground for concern is that would meanwhile be allowed to return to while formerly only the Governor of his friends; this he did. Representations a province had the power to deprive a were made on his' behalf, and the sen- pastor of his rights as a minister, a retence was commuted to exile for the du- cently issued order gives that power to ration of the war. (Meanwhile, the the local police authorities. According newspapers began to inquire why Feder to our most recent intelligence, the Powas exiled. The explanation was given lice. Prefect of Petrograd has deprived that the Baptists were connected with Pastor Feder and his assistant, Pastor Germany and under German influence. Neprash, of their rights. The next step One paper announced that FeUer was a was the closing of the Dom Evan- German; another that he was a German gelia altogether. The Lazaret (hosagent. At the same time more than a pital) opened in the Dom by the dozen pastors were sent to Siberia, and Church, and where of late twenty-five SIX churches were closed. wounded soldiers have been regularly cared for, has also been closed! Reactionary Influences at Work It would be a joy to all if the Greek Religious intolerance is the explana- Church were to experience a great spirition of the whole matter. There is only tual quickening; but the plain truth is the beginning of religious freedom in that it does not satisfy the spiritual long- Russia. The Tsar and some of his ad- ings of many of the Tsar's subjects. visers have shown a disposition to foster freedom, but unfortunately the re- Meanwhile, it is clear that whatever actionary influence of the Clerical party evidence there may be of a "new spirit" has made itself felt. in other departments of Russian life, there is little if anything of it seen in Are the Greek Church authorities tak- the sphere of religious liberty; and there ing the opportunity, when the State seems to be justification for the folauthorities are so much occupied with lowing stat~ment from the pen of a the management of the war, to push Russian who has a good knowledge of their own reactionary plans? Is there the situation: "The men who steer the any significance in the fact that the re- ship have no new ideals, no new aims, cent proceedings against Fetler were they are animated by no new spirit! It taken immediately after the Tsar left is the awful, ghastly shadow of Po- Petrograd .for the front? bedonosteff (the late persecuting Ober- Procurator of the Holy Synod) risen It has been a constant complaint of again, fettering anew the hands and feet late years that while in such a center as of liberty for the new Gospel."

It requires much spirituality and much walking with God to see the world through the eyes of Christ.-W. E. DOUGHTY.

Debt to the Negro *

"To give light to them that sit in darkness."-Luke I: 79.

Our forefathers wanted laborers. To supply them the slaver sailed. He bore no cross, he carried no light, when he came to Africa and entered that land of darkness and death. Instead, he brought the yoke. Men, women and children were gathered in gangs. The lifeless bodies of the weak marked the path through the forests and grass to the coast. Their dead swirled in the wake of the slave ship returning to our shores. Those who lived became our slaves. They worked our fields; they bore our burdens. War came. And the children of those who had been stolen and dragged from their homes cared for our homes and protected and supported our defenseless mothers, wives, sisters, and children while the men were away at the front. Great is our debt to them. God help us to pay! We confess- When a negro, untaught by love, but maddened by the inflaming poisons which for a price paid into our government coffers we let men make and sell to them-when one thus crazed commits a crime- The jault, the sin, is ours- The debt grows greater. Father, forbid that Thy children stand idly by while men prey upon the weakness of these to whom we owe so much! Ten millions and more of them are at our doors! What have you done for the negro? Christ died for him. What will you do? Here and there a faithful few are giving their hearts and lives to help Iift this race. But you- Never have you done your share. You should. Begin to-day.

• A missionary message from The Presbyterian of the South, issued by the Executive Com· mittee of Home Missions, Atlanta, Georgia. ~~ ~c:.'11 // DEPADTMENT .~ ! !' '~ …………. ~ . OF ,,' . BEST METHODS ~/ "~………–……/"

11.

CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK PRAISE AND THANK-OFFERING MEETINGS ARLY one morning, says~ special time either on a Sabbath or a week-day toward the close of November. ' an old legend, God sent two angels to earth to Many societies testify that these mis- sionary praise meetings are ",the E gather up the prayers of sweetest, most inspiring, most uplifting services of the whole year," and that at I¥l His people. One was to no other time is the offering so large gather the petitions for and so cheerfully given. The women's boards of all denominations supply a blessings desired; the other was to col- wealth of fine material for these meet- ings and there are many appropriate lect expressions of praise and thanks- hymns and poems that will add to their giving for blessings already received, beauty and power.

Long before nightfall the angel who If your society does not hold a misgathered petitions returned with his sionary praise service in November, it would be well to prepare for one withbasket full to the brim. But the thanks- out delay. giving angel, tho he tarried far into the Feasts of Ingathering night in the hope that before men slept they would return thanks for the mercies In Eliot Congregational Church, Newof the day, was obliged to return with ton, Mass" the Woman's Association has held a missionary praise service for his basket almost empty. many years which bears the significant This legend contains a great measure name, "Feast of Ingathering," and is always a delightful occasion. "An anof truth. When our Lord, on the way nual Feast of Ingathering in Novem- ber," says the hand-book of the Assoto Jerusalem, cleansed the ten lepers ciation, "has become an established only one returned to give glory to God. custom, It is given by the Association And too many of us are content to go as a whole' for its two departments of on our way with the nine. Yet no,hing missionary work. Special offerings are sent or brought to the meeting and are so enriches life as a truly thankful spirit. gathered in connection with a service of "Gratitude is not only a thing of beauty," consecration and thanksgiving. These 'says Doctor Charles E. Jefferson, "it is gifts are divided equally between Home a source of power. One of the problems and Foreign Missions excepting in of life is how to increase our stock of special cases where the proportion is otherwise designated." it."

Missionary Praise Meetings It is an established custom in many missionary soCieties (and should be in all) to hold a praise service in November at which a thank-offering is made to God for the blessings of the year. In some societies this takes the place of the regular meeting nearest to Thanksgiving Day; in others it is held at a

In the United Presbyterian Church, (or a nickel or a dollar) if so and so which takes the lead in the matter of would happen.'

thank-offerings, an annual "Ingathering "One member is called our 'Blessing Day," with a program of praise and Lady.' She sees that everybody has a prayer, is held in practically all of the box and that every box comes in."

socIetIes. This has proved a blessing A THANK·OFFERING MESSAGE TO to the entire Church and is undoubtedly MISSIONARY SOCIETIES one reason why this denomination has forged ahead so rapidly in its mission- BY MRS. MARY CLOKEY PORTER, ary work. The Women's, Young Women's, and Junior societies, not only in PITTSBURGH, PA. America but in Egypt and India, are all Thank-Offering Secretary, Woman's Missionary Soprovided with thank-offering boxes and are trained in the duty and privilege of ciety. United Presbyterian Church making special offerings of gratitude to God. Twenty-seven "Ingathering Days" Careful, prayerful, intelligent preparhave been held since the Thank-offering ation is necessary to a successful Thank- Department of the Woman's Board was offering Ingathering. organized and thank-offerings amounting to more than $1,042,000 have been Pray .for wisdom in planning and poured into the Lord's treasury for mis- executing.-James 1 :5. sionary work-a remarkable showing, especially in view of the fact that this is Plan for a wide-awake, consecrated Thank-offering Committee composed (preferably) of the president and one interested giver from every organization in the congregation that' has for its object the support of missions at home or abroad. (1. Cor. 14: 40).

not a large denomination. SUGGESTIONS FOR THANK-OFFERING Count Your Blessings COMMITTEES 1. Have a set time for an annual In- The Woman's Auxiliary of the· gathering Day.

Southern Presbyterian Church, which 2. Months beforehand place at least also puts great . emphasis on thank- one senior Thank-offering box in every offerings, uses "Blessing Boxes" with home and a junior box where there are the motto, "Count Your Blessings," on children under fourteen. Try to train each. In some societies these boxes are the box-holders to be regular, system- given out once a year, in others once atic givers by asking that daily or a quarter for a different object each weekly offerings be placed therein, even time. tho the amounts be necessarily small.

"We find that by using a number of Accompany each box with a circular Doxes through the year, more money is letter giving the divine authority (II.

raised than by keeping one box all year," Chron. 29: 31) for asking for thank- writes a member of one society to The offerings over and above the tithes, and Missionary Survey. "One member keeps state the needs of the mission cause for 'her box beside her mother's .picture. which the gifts are to be used.

'She.is our sweetest blessing,' she says, 3. Procure a variety of leaflets on the 'and will lead us to think of our other subject of Scriptural Giving and dis- blessings.' Another puts in a cent for tribute in some attractive form at the each happy event-a visit from a friend, monthly meetings. Take the cost from a w.elcome letter, a tray of good things the contingent fund, not from the from a neighbor-and how fast the cents Thank-offering.

go in! Another watches herself and 4. Keep the Thank-offering idea be- her family and sees that the coin goes in fore the societies during the year every time anyone saysJ 'I'd give a dime through Bible readings, responses to

OF BEST METHODS

roll-call, songs of thanksgiving, chains Leader : Jeremiah 32: 17. of prayer for growth in the "grace of Congregation: Jeremiah 32: 18, 19. liberality," and frequent messages on Leader: Acts 15: 18. blackboards or charts. Congregation: Hebrews 4: 13. All: Romans 11: 33-36. 5. Hold "Ingatherings" at such time 2. God the Benefactor. Leader: II. Chronicles 16: 9. and place as will call forth the largest Congregation: Isaiah 63: 7. attendance. If on a week day, close Leader: James 1: 17. with a missionary tea, and decorate the Congregation: Romans 8: 32. room with missionary maps and pictures All: Psalm 40: 5. and display curios. A mission picture 3. God's Spiritual Gifts. gallery can be made effective by having Leader: Christ the Savior. several young women drest in the cos- Response: John 3: 16. tume of the country being studied. If Leader: The Holy Spirit our Helper. several countries are under considera- Response: Ezekiel 36: 27. tion, arrange pictures in booths with a 4. God's Temporal Gifts. guide for each. A missionary pageant Leader: Life. or play can also be used. Response: Job 12: 10. Leader: Food and raiment. 6. If Thank-offering envelops are Response: Matthew 6: 31, 32. used instead of boxes, mail or deliver Leader: Rain and fruitful seasons. them through visiting committees ten Response: Psalm 104: 10, 13. days before the "Ingathering," and with Leader: Riches. each extend a hearty invitation to at- Response: Ecclesiastics 5: 19. tend. All: Psalm 104: 24. 5. The Use of God's Gifts. 7. Observe the week preceding the Leader: How are God's gifts to be used by God's Stewards? "Ingathering" as self-denial week. Congregation: I Peter 4: 10. 8. Advertise the "Ingathering" for at Leader: What charge is given in the Old Testament to those upon whom God least two weeks through the church bul- has bestowed His gifts? letin and on blackboard or chart in the Congregation: Deuteronomy 8: 2, 10-18. vestibule. Leader: What messages does God give to His people in the New Testament? 9. Prepare the program for "In- Congregation: A warning-I Timothy gathering Day" with every society represented on it. 6: 9, 10. A charge-I Timothy 6: 17, 18. A SUGGESTF.D PROGRAM Leader: What are some of the Scrip- tural Rules for Giving? Topic: Scripture Lessons for God's Stew- Response (by women): Proverbs 3: 9; ards Malachi 3: 10; Luke 6: 38. Leader: What gifts are acceptable to Praise Service………….. Chorus Choir God? Prayers of Thanksgiving Response (by the juniors): Exodus Brief Studies from Life 35: 5; II Corinthians 8: 12; II Corin- thians 9: 7. Leader: What should ac- Young Women's Society company all gi fts ? A· Dissected Story ……… .Junior Society Congregation: II Corinthians 9: 8, '11. Children's Praise in Song 6. God's Illvitatiolls. Leader: What 'invitations has God given A RESPONSIVE SCRIPTURE SERVICE* to all His people? Response: I Chronicles 16: 29; II "All things are of God." Chronicles 29; 31. 1. God the Creator.

Leader: Acts 17: 24-26, 28. Congregation: I Corinthians 8: 6.

'*" Copies of this service in full may be ordered from the Woman's Board. United Presbyterian Church, 905 Publication Building. Ninth Street, pittshurgh, Pa.. at Z cents each; 25 cents a dozen; $1.00 ft l!unqreq,

Song of Gratitude (to be sung while Address; "How the Giving of Gifts of offerings are being presented). Gratitude Touch the Life of Both Giver and Receiver." (By a missionary if Prayer of Thanksgiving-I Chronicles 29: possible.) 10-14 (by Thank-offering givers in con- cert) . Doxology.

Consecrat ion Prayer. Prayer and Benediction.

A THANK-OFFERING LETTER* BY MRS. J. F. SEEBACH, HOLLIDAYSBURG, PA.

Secretary of the Children's 'Department, Lutheran Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary Society DEAR LITTLE FRIEND e 8;;'' ''·' I am a little pinlt Thank.oIIering -and I have come to live with you. If … -v. ~ ~p the~~~ to be healthy and hap' y, you will have to feed me, just a. you feed or the or the I like queer thinss; I am fond of a red ~ or a shiny DIckel and r am ' delighted to get • litde .ilver O such a. grows "

on a dime. Pleaie look .. your , and see if you haye any of these; and every time you are glad about something,.make me glad. too, by gi';ng me some.

~w11l Then other be glad. besides; for I do not keep these things for myself. Some ~ 01 "'1 will""". oo … " " ……. _ • Ok …..

~LWh.n What I .end will help to give them they are sick. and teach them to read ~ _b.l.-'I~ t i ~ ….,., •• ,"", … -,01.1………..,… ~ …, . .100'0 ood …..U ..

•~….O".~.~… it w~_.:P=~·:'.~ who are waIling to learn about Jesus. Some'WIll help to b.llld.rv> • :..- _ _ nght here Won't you help me 10 do the.e thing. ?

FaithfuUy your * Reprinted frorn Lutheran Womatt' s W ork. Reprod~ced on the blackboard or cbart. this would be ex- cellent for SundaY-ichool or a :Mission Band meeting

OF BEST METHODS

A DEAD SEA An agent of the Bible Society has taken breakfast with the family but has left "I looked upon a sea, and 10, 'twas dead, somewhat hurriedly because of an ap- Tho by Hermon's streams and Jordan fed. pointment while Thanksgiving Ann was Whence came a fate so dire? The tale's busy with a batch of waffles in the kit- chen. Curtain rises with Thanksgiving soon told- Ann sitting fanning herself with her All that it got it kept, and fast did hold. apron, a troubled look on her face, and All tributary streams found here their Silas leaning against a door-post.

grave, Thanksgiving Ann: "Dere goes dat Because the sea received and never gave. Bible Society agent (pointing down the road) and here's de Bible money still in o sea of the dead! help me to know and my pocket. Didn't ask me, nor give me no chance. Just's if, 'cause a pusson's feel old and colored dey didn't owe de Lord That selfish grasp and greed my doom nuffin, and wouldn't pay it if dey did."

will seal; Silas: "Nebber mind, Thanksgivin'. Help me, oh Christ, myself, my best to I'll run after him and I' ketch him ef he's anywhere dis side 0' Chiny." give, That I may others bless and like Thee (Thanksgiving hands the money to Silas who goes out.) live." Thanksgiving Ann (sings as she THANKSGIVING ANN busies herself in the kitchen) : BY KATE W. HAMILTON "Thanksgivin' an' the voice 0' melody; Thanksgivin' an' ~-" DRAMATIZED BY MRS. GEORGE W. JONES, Silas (returning somewhat warm and winded): "Wa-ll, I come up with him SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK -told ye I would-and give him the three dollars. He seemed kind flustered Characters to have missed such a nugget-said it was a ginerous jonation-equal to Mr. and Mrs. Allyn, master and mistress Massa's-which proves (shutting one of a well-to-do country home in the South. eye and surveying the subject medita- tively) that some folks can do as much Johnnie and Susie, their children who good just off-hand as some other folks may appear or not as desired. can with no end of pinchin' an' screwin' beforehand." Silas, a young colored man-of-all-work. Thanksgiving: "Think it proves dat Thanksgiving Ann, an old and much- folks dat don't have no great 'mount loved colored mammy whose odd name can do as much in a good cause by came from an old anthem she was con- thinkin' 'bout it a little aforehand, as stantly singing somewhat on this wise: other folks will dat has more and puts del' hands in del' pockets when de time "Thanksgivin' an' – comes. I believes (energetically bob- "Johnnie, don't play dar in de water, chile! bing her head) in systematics 'bout such things, I does." (Exit Silas). "Thanksgivin' an' – Thanksgiving (sings) : "'Thanksgivin' "Run away now, Susie, dearie! an' de voice 0' melody; Thanksgivin' an' '-(words die on lips; heart too bur- "Thanksgivin' an' de voice 0' melody."

SCENE Two rooms fitted up respectively as dining-room and kitchen. Two connecting class rooms opening into the Sundayschool (or one large one divided by curtains) would be excellent. If there are neither rear nor side doors for the exit and entrance of performers, two screens, one across a corner of each room, behind which they can appear and disappear will answer the purpose. In the diningroom the table is spread for three, but in disorder, the meal being at an end.

dened to sing; talks to herself). Only can it make so long as one does give three dollars out'n all their 'bundance! . what they can when the call does come ?"

Well, mebby I oughtn't to judge; but I Thanksgiving: "I wouldn't like to be don't judge, I knows. Course I knows. provided for dat way. Was once when I'se here all de time and sees de good I was a slave, 'fore I was .de Lord's free do'es, an' de carr'age, an' de musics, an' woman. I was a no 'count gal, not worf de fine times-folks, an' hosses, an' much; so ole Massa he lef' me to take tables all provided for an' de Lord 0' what happened when de time come.

glory Ie£' to take what happens when de Sometimes I happened to git a dress, an'

time comes, an' no prep'ration at all! sometimes a pair 0' ole shoes. Some- Sure 'nough. He don't need der help. times I didn't happen to git nuffin, an'

All de world is His. He sends do'es to den I went bar'foot; an' dat's jist de His naked, an' bread to His hungry, an' way–"

Bibles to His heathen, if dey don't give Mrs. Allyn (greatly shocked) : a cent; but den dey's pinchin' an' starvin' "Thanksgiving, that's not reverent!"

der own dear souls. Well-'taint my Thanksgiving: "Jist what I thought.

soul! But I loves 'em, an' dey's missin' Dey didn't treat me with no kind 0'

a great blessin'. If only I could teach reverence."

'em systematics in givin'!" Mrs. Allyn: "Well (smiling) after all, Mrs. Allyn (entering the kitchen): these things are a matter of opmlOn.

"What's that, Thanksgiving? System- One person likes one way best and an- atics? I don't understand." other another." (Goes out).

Thanksgiving: "Systematics is count- Thanksgiving (settling her turban): in' up what de dear Lord gives ye and " 'Pears to me it's a matter 0' which way den givin' Him a share fust of all. In de Lord likes best." (Goes into the de Bible dey calls it a tithe; an' de dining-room, clears away the table and parson, he says it's a tenth, and it be- puts a doiley and vase of flowers on it.) longs to de Lord whether or no, an' we (Enter Mr. and Mrs. Allyn, who sit 'uns ain't got no right to spend any for down, he with a book, she with sewing.

ourselves before we lay up de Lord's Thanksgiving dusts the room).

share." Mr. Allyn: "That was a strong plea Mrs. AUyn: "I don't believe I'd like the pastor made yesterday."

that. The idea of counting up one's Mrs. Allyn: "Yes; and it was a very income and setting aside a fixt portion worthy object. It was too bad that it of it for charity and then calling what came at a time when we are so short.

is left one's own, makes religion seem But we gave what we could and I hope arbitrary and exacting. It is like a tax, it will do good. But I wish it had been and such a view ought to be avoided. I five times as much."

like to give freely and gladly of what I Mr. Allyn (heartily): "So do I."

have when the time comes." (Both go out.) Thanksgi~'ing: "If ye ain't give so Thanksgiving (goes into the kit- freely an' gladly for Miss Susie's new chen): 'Spose I needn't fret 'bout other necklaces and yer own new dresses dat folks' duty-'taint none 0' my business.

ye don't have much when de time comes." Yes 'tis, too, 'cause I loves 'em. 'Tain't Mrs. Allyn (not heeding the inter- like's if dey d-idn't call demselves His, ruption): "I think one gives with a neither."

more free and generous feeling in that Mr. Allyn (enters the kitchen with a way. Money laid aside beforehand only basket of peaches): "Aren't these fine, has a sense of duty and not much feel- Thanksgiving? Let the children have a ing about it. Anyway, what difference few if you want to. They are the very

OF BEST METHODS

first of the season. Give them to us cooked, an' de same wif taters. An' I for dinner." thought I'd give ye what I happened to have when de time come, an' I didn't Thanksgiving (taking the basket): happen to have much of nuffin. 'Clare! "Sartin, I'll give you all dar is." (Exit I forgot de bread!" (Trots into the Mr. Allyn.) kitchen and return with a plate of cold corn bread.) Thanksgiving (takes basket behind Mrs. Allyn: "No bread!" screen or to the door and calls): "John- Thanksgiving: "No, honey; used it all up this mornin' for de toast. Might nie! Susie! Dar's some mighty fine have made biscuits or muffins ef I'd planned for 'em long enough. But dat peaches here, chilluns. Jes' help your- kind 0' makes a body feel's if dey had to do it, an' I wanted to get dinner for selves, dearies!" yer out 0' my warm feelin's when de Children (out of sight): "0, goody, time come." Mr. Allyn (impatiently, but too per- goody!" (If preferred, the children plexed to be thoroughly indignant): may come in and help themselves.) "When a man has provided bountifully for his household it seems as tho he (Thanksgiving sits in the doorway might expect to enjoy a small share of and sews on a gingham apron.) it himself, even if the preparation does require a little trouble." Mrs. Allyn (enters kitchen and looks Thanksgiving (musingly): "Cur'us around in surprise): "What has hap" how things make a body think 0' Bible pened, Thanksgiving? I see no pre- verses. Dar's dat one 'bout 'Who giveth parations for dinner. Haven't decided us all things richly to enjoy'; an' 'What on a fast, have you?" shall I render to de Lord for all His benefits to'ard me.' Dllr! I didn't put Thanksgiving (undisturbed): "No, dem peaches on." (Goes to the kitchen.) honey; thought I'd give you (holding up Mr. Allyn: "Has Thanksgiving sudapron to measure length) what I hap- denly lost her senses?" pened to have when de time come." Mrs. Allyn (with a faint smile): '~I begin to suspect there's a 'method in her Mrs. Allyn (to herself as she leaves madness.' " kitchen) : "Well, Thanksgiving is queer, Thanksgiving (returns with basket but she is a dear old soul. I suppose she nearly empty. Composedly puts the few has some wonderful surprise for us, left into a fruit dish on table): "Dat's something especially tempting. I like all! De chilern eat a good many and surprises; they add to one's enjoyment dey was used up one wayan' 'nother. of a mea1." (Goes out). I'se sorry de ain't no more, but I hopes y'll 'joy what dar is. I only wishes it (Thanksgiving stops sewing and was five times as much." slowly sets table in dining-room for Mr. Allyn (with a sudden look of intwo. Puts on plates, knives and forks, telligence): "Couldn't you have laid glasses of water and a small platter of some aside for us, Thanksgiving?" cold meat. Rings bell for dinner. Mr. Thanksgiving (relenting a little): and Mrs. Allyn enter, take seats at the "Wall, dar now! S'pose I could. B'lieve table and survey it perplexed.) I will, next time. Allers kind 0' thought de folks things belonged to had de best Mr. Allyn (to his wife): "My dear, what has happened?"

Thanksgiving (apologetically): "Dat's all de col' meat dar was-sorry I didn't have no more."

Mr. Allyn (wonderingly) : "But I sent home a choice roast this morning. And you have no potatoes-nor vegetables of any kind."

Thanksgiving: "Laws, yes, dat's so! But den a body has to think about it a good while atorehand to get a roast

right to 'em. But I'd heard givin' what Mrs. Allyn (entering the kitchen): happened to be on hand was so much "Well, Thanksgiving, Mr. Allyn and I freer and lovin'er a way 0' servin' dem have been talking about 'systematics,' ye love best, dat I thought I'd try it. and we have decided to lay aside the But it 'pears as if dey fared slim, an' I tenth that belongs to the Lord first of spects I'll go back to de ole plan 0' all. Then we will add a thank-offering systematics." (Goes into the kitchen.) because the Lord has always been so good to us and as much more as we can }rfrs. Allyn: "Do you see, George?" spare to make up for those who are rob- Mr. Allyn: "Yes I see. An object bing the Lord of His tithe. Now (laughlesson with a vengeance!" ingly, but evidently much moved) I sup- Mrs. Allyn (with a troubled face): pose you are satisfied!" "What if she is right and our careless giving seems anything like this?" Thanksgiving (brightly): "I's 'mazin' Mr. Allyn (gravely): "She is right, glad; but satisfied-dat's a long, deep Fannie. We call Christ our Lord and word; an' de Bible says it will be when Master. We acknowledge that every we awake in His likeness." blessing that we have is His gift and say that His service is our chief business (Mrs. Allyn goes out; Silas enters). in this world. Yet we provide lavishly Silas (standing on one foot and swingfor our own comfort and entertainment ing the other) : "Wall, now, I don't perand apportion nothing for the advance- fess none 0' them kind 0' things, but I ment of His kingdom. We leave this to don't mind tellin' ye I think yer way's any chance surplus that may happen to right. An' I don't b'lieve no one never be left after all our wants and fancies done lost nothin' by what dey give to are satisfied. That does not seem like God, 'cause He's pretty certain to pay loving or faithful service. I've been it back wif compound interest. But I thinking about it a good deal lately but don't s'pose you'd call that a right good have been too indolent and selfish to motive." make a change. Suppose we figure up Thanksgiving: "Not de bes', Silas, not our income and pay our debts to the de bes'. But it don't make folks love Lord." de Lord any de less 'cause He's a good Mrs. Allyn: "I don't like that way of paymassa and keeps His word. People looking at it. It seems such a commer- dat starts in givin' to de Lord wid dat cial transaction." kind 0' motives soon ontgrows 'em." Mr. Allyn: "Yes, it does. But after Silas (shifting from one foot to the putting aside what we owe to the Lord, other): "Wa-II, ye see, folks don't allus we can add a thank-offering and a bit feel right." more for good measure." Thanksgiving (musingly): "No dey Mrs. Allyn: "That sounds better. don't. .When eberybody feels right an' Ve'd have to give up some things-that does right, dat'll be de miIlenium. Dar's new necklace and take a less expensive a prophecy 'bout de time when eben de trip next summer. But I don't believe bells on de hosses shall hab 'holiness to this new way of giving would hurt so de Lord' on 'em. Don't know what dat much as the old haphazard way. That means 'less 'tis dat de rich folks' carwas like having a tooth drawn-painful, riages an' de hosses shall be gain' on but necessary! Suppose we talk it over His erran's. Well, I's glad 0' de faint in the library." streak 0' dat day dat's come to dis (Both go out. Thanksgiving comes house!" (goes out singing). in, clears the table and then works in 'Thanksgivin' an' de voice 0' melody. the kitchen). Thanksgivin' an' –"

WODLD-W1DE

MISSI DY NEWS MOSLEMS IN ASIA mia, Persia, has been evident from the various accounts of conditions there Heroic Americans which have appeared in the REVIEW. One member of the mission, :Miss Eliza- T HE war in Turkey and Persia has beth V. Coan, went to Urumia in 1914. brought heroes to the front in mis- Besides being ill herself with typhoid, sion circles. Now, in spite of the con- she has nursed the sick, visited among ditions that prevail in these Moslem them held services when possible, played lands, a group of nine American mission- the ;rgan for church, and recommenced aries have recently set out for that dis- her Turkish lessons abruptly stopt at turbed country. Wilder P. Ellis, M.D., of the beginning of the invasion of Uru- Helena, Montana, with his bride Jessie mia by the Kurds and Turks. She Lee Ellis, of Spanish Fork, Utah, and writes: "In spite of the experiences of Dr. Mary Fleming, of Hinsdale, Mary- my first year on the foreign field, I land, are going to West Persia, under would rather be a missionary than anythe Presbyterian Board, where a few thing else in the world. The past months months ago the fearful massacres and have taught me lessons of trust which I other atrocities were committed by the never would have learned in the same Kurds in an invasion from Turkey. way under easier conditions."

The other members of the party, J. The Situation in West Persia Davidson Frame, M.D., of Philadelphia; DR. WILLIAM A. SHEDD, of Uru- mia, writes that between January Mary J. Smith, M.D., of Kokomo, In- 2d, when the Russian army left Urumia, and the date of their return on May diana; Mrs. C. A. Douglas, of Portland, 24th, the loss of life in the Christian Ot;egon; Rolla E. Hoffman, M.D., of population there was about 1,000 persons Leipsic, Ohio; the Rev. Dwight Donald- killed and 4,000 who dIed of disease. son, of Huntington, West Virginia; and He has records of about 3,600 burials Miss Margaret L. Cowden, of Washing- in the city of Urumia and at the Preston, Iowa, are going to Northern and byterian College compound, while other Eastern Persia to be stationed in Tehe- deaths are known to have taken place. ran, Resht, Kermanshah, and Meshed. The total Christian population in Uru- Dr. Hoffman will open medical work in mia on January 1st was some 5,600 famithe great holy Moslem city of Meshed, lies living in the city and villages of which lies far east, near the border of the plain, and 800 to 1,000 families who North Afghanistan. These frve physi- had fled there from the mountains, from cians will do much to disseminate mod- the regions of Tergawar, Mergawar, ern medical science, which is so sorely Nochia, Marbishu, and Gawar, partly in. needed and sincerely appreciated in Persia and partly in Turkey. On the Eastern lands to-day. basis of five souls to a family, the num- A Missionary's Testimony T HAT the experiences of the last few months have been a time of severe testing for the missionaries at Uru-

ber of souls was 32,000 to 33,000. When needs. There are many sick and orthe .Russians left, there was a large exo- phans and widows. The people return dus of Christians, and the number re- to empty or ruined houses, without a maining was probably about 25,000, so dish to eat from or a pot to cook in or a that the loss in life in less than five spade to work with. There is an abunmonths was about one-fifth of the total dant harvest, but no sickles or scythes number. Of the 6,500 families, not over to harvest with. 1,000 families escaped without being totally robbed of all their possessions, and The people should be supplied with many of these were partially robbed. such necessities as will enable them to The result is that the bulk of the sur- support themselves. The first source of viving population has lost everything ex- supply is their own resources; the next, cept real estate. Not a thousand houses the landlords and people of the country, are left with doors and windows, and so far as governmental authorities may half or more of them have had the roof- require them to furnish aid; the third timbers removed. The property loss of source of supply, of absolute necessity, the mission is as much as $10,000, partly is the relief funds. All three will be incurred in the attack in October. The required, for the needs are very great. property loss to the Christian popula- Not less than $6,000 is needed for the tion is estimated variously, the lowest purpose of supplying cattle and impleestimate being $2,500,000, while others ments to enable these people to become estimate it at ten times that amount. In self-supporting. order to make a complete estimate of the losses of the past year one should Effects of the War in Arabia add large losses of property of Moslems and the loss of probably some hundreds THE people of Bahrein, on the Perof lives. By actual record, considerably sian Gulf, are very deeply interested over one hundred Christian girls and in the European war, writes Rev. James women became Moslem during this pe- E. Moerdyk, for, tho they know nothing riod, in the large majority of cases be- of the principles involved, they are cause of fear and violence. Hundreds greatly concerned over its effect on their of women and girls were violated. own trade. The one subject which every Arab now wishes to discuss with the The Present Need white foreigner is the war and its proba- ble outcome, and perhaps the last topic ON July 7th, the American mission- which the missionary wishes to talk aries at U rumia drew up and about is that of war. As he passes unanimously voted for the following through the bazaar or on his trips statement of conditions and needs in and through the villages seeking an opporabout Urumia: tunity to present his message, men ignore his words and persist in asking when the The Christian population of Urumia great nations will stop fighting. Coldistrict, some 30,000 souls, after six porteurs complain that people will not months' exile, are trying to return to purchase Scripture even for a very their homes. In order to make this pos- small price, because they need their pensible, a concerted effort is being made nies to buy food. But portions of Scripby the Russian Consulate, the Persian ture and tracts of different kinds given Government, and the missionaries, to- away are also refused, because, as they gether with th'e leaders of the Christian say, "We have not time to bother with community, to induce the landlords of these books." Bedouin Arabs from the the villages to furnish the necessary mainland, except for a few stragglers, food and other help for immediate needs. have ceased coming to the hospital. This effort meets only a part of the Their ruling Sheikh has forbidden any

5] WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

to leave the country, because he desires An ex-Brahmin Elder to have them on hand to fight for him when possible troubles arise. H ENRY MARTYN is reported to have said, "If I should live to see INDIA one Brahmin genuinely converted, it would be to me as great a miracle as if a Open-air Sunday-schools man should rise from the dead." That this miracle has been witnessed many T HE Methodist missions in India are tim~s in the later days of missionary ef- using improvised Sunday-schools fort in India is well known. The story with good results. In Rev. Fredk. Wood's of one Brahmin convert comes from district there are 180 such, with 4,430 Coimbatore, South India, where an elder scholars. Most of these are held under in the church is Rangachiri, the son of trees, in the shade of a house, on the c distinguished Sanskrit scholar. His veranda of a hut, and in other uncon- Jrothers hold high positions, and one ventional places in the open air. The of them is a B.A. of Madras University. natives feel freer in a roofless meeting A copy of the New Testament, which which does not seem to commit them to had been presented to this brother by anything. The teaching is chiefly Scrip- the Bible Society after passing his Uniture story with much singing inter- versity examinations, first aroused Ranspersed. The popular "Deshi" tunes are gachiri's interest in Christianity. After :tn especially great attraction. Many of his baptism, his family removed him by those attending-both children and force to a village 300 miles away, and adults-are non-Christians, and more is administered a potion to drive out the learned in close study of the Bible than demon which was supposed to possess from many sermons. him. He finally escaped, and is now a eacher in the mission school at Coimba- What India Owes to the Pioneers tore, and engaged in various forms of Christian work. T HE great triad-Carey, Marshman, and Ward-did far more to make the Salvation Army in India Indian intellect than the Government of India. The actual baptism of Brahmin AT the opening of the industrial exconverts was an unspeakable shock; hibition of the Salvation Army in What else could have so effectually Simla, the address presented to His Exroused the Hindus? By literature more cellency the Viceroy contained many inthan by speech the missionaries started teresting facts showing the steady progthe effective diffusion of Christian ress in the various branches of the work teaching in North India; they scattered in India. Operations are carried on the Bible broadcast over the Peninsula among the deprest classes and others in in the vernacular; they began the print- 3,000 towns and villages. Over 300 ing of Indian literature in both Sanskrit European missionaries and 2,500 Indian and the vernaculars; they began the use workers are supported by the organizaof Bengali prose, and published the first tion, while some 70,000 men and women vernacular newspaper; they were the contribute time and money toward the pioneers of widespread education; and, cause. About 40,000 acres are under lastly, their bold exposure of the cruel- colonization; while the silk industry is ties and immoralities of customary Hin- being populariz.ed. Special effort has duism, tho crude and harsh to us to- been made -in behalf of the criminal day, was absolutely necessary to wake tr,ibes, there being 27 settlements and 6 Hindus to a consciousness of the glaring children's homes, with over 6,000 popufaults of their religion.-Rev. I. N. Far- lation. These settlements are not con~ quhar.

fined to the Panjab and the United Prov- splendid work among the Telugus are inces, but now extend to Madras, Ben- also gathering in great sections of these gal, Bihar, and Orissa. Employment is submerged folk. found for many of these people, and crime among them is greatly reduced. SIAM The women are engaged in making gar- Robert E. Speer in Siam ments and uniforms for soldiers at the front. Drink has been supprest in one T HE REV. EUGENE P. DUNLAP, village, and no policeman is needed in the Tap Tiang Station of the Presby- settlement. There were 200 competitors terian Church in Siam, writes some in- in cleanliness for prizes offered for the teresting facts in regard to the visit of ten tidiest and most neatly drest wo- the delegates from America in May. In men. Employers from the tea-gardens Penang, the American and English Pres- of Assam and mine-owners have of- byterian, Baptists, and Methodist mis- fered work to large numbers. The Army sionaries cooperated in arranging the has some 500 village schools with 13,000 program for the occasion, which consistchildren; industrial homes and hostels, ed of daily conferences, addresses to the and nine hospitals, caring annually for 1,500 students of the American M. E. 50,000 patients. Arbor day is annually School, and union meetings in the Presobserved by the planting of thousands byterian church. of eucalyptus trees to fight malaria, and the use of iodine is advocated against The travelers were met in Trang by plague. The address concludes with a Mr. Knight, Superintendent of Rairreference to the banyan tree as an em- ways, with special car to convey them to blem of the industrial and social ad- Tap Tiang. But while waiting one hour yance represented by the organization. they improved the time at Trang by making four addresses to the congrega- Union Work for Outcasts tion assembled in the chapel-all inter- preted by Dr. Dunlap into Siamese, and THERE has been recently a strong by an evangelist into Chinese. During movement toward Christianity their sojourn at Tap Tiang, the visitors among the low castes in India, says a made twelve addresses, which were inwriter in The Bible Magazine. The terpreted into Siamese. Methodists, the United Presbyterians, the Baptists, and more recently the Another noted event of the quarter Presbyterians are giving themselves to was the visit of His Majesty the King work among these outcasts. At first of Siam to the Trang Province, folthere was a prospect of some attrition lowed by about 1,000 ministers of state, between the Methodist and Presbyterian nobles, wild tigers, and scouts. The missions in territories where both are station prepared a brief report of the now at work among these classes. But work of the Tap Tiang Hospital, which in the spirit of Christian brotherhood Dr. Dunlap presented to His Majesthese two missions met recently in con- ty, and to emphasize the hospital's need ference, through their representatives, of an operating-room during the audiand have so adjusted their territorial ence with him. On the following day limits that by the exchange of sever'll the King graciously responded, bestowthousand church members from one ing the whole amount, that is, 3,000 tibody to the other all friction has been cals, expressing a deep interest in the removed, and the largest expectation of work. He said: "I am interested in your great ingatherings fills both the mis- kind of work, and I thank you for all the sions. Meanwhile the Baptists in their good work you are doing for the people of Trang." These words are similar to those often spoken in former days by his royal father, the latc King.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

Saved from Fire be the starting of a mission to be manned entirely by Chinese and supported en- REV. J. A. EAKIN, of Petchaburi, tirely by Chinese funds. It was sug- Siam, writes: "Yesterday, just after gested that the Province of Shensi we returned from church, a fire broke should be the field chosen, and some were out in a shop in the market over against sanguine enough to hope that when the the other side of the river. All build- synod next meets in 1918 this Chinese ings were as dryas tinder, and a strong mission will be on its feet, and that breeze was blowing. In a few hours things will be ready for the appointment most of the city was in ashes. The only of a Chinese bishop. For the support property belonging to the mission that of the mission a voluntary tax proporwas touched by the flames was a small tioned to the number of church-memstreet-chapel. bers is to be levied from all the Angli- can Chinese congregations.-G. M. S. "Only one of our Christian families Review. lost his home. Three times in that afternoon a sudden change of the wind was The Y. M. C. A. in the Customs College the means of saving the property of Christians. One instance of this was MR. T. Y. SUNG, a 1914 graduate of the home of one of our Christian teach- Lowrie High School of the Presers, whose relatives are all strongly op- byterian Mission, is president of the Y. posed to our religion. On two sides the M. C. A., at the Customs College, Pefire burned right up to his house and king, and also of the union of the school left it unharmed. Y. M. C. A. of Peking. This Customs College is the school which prepares of- "Another instance is the street chapel ficers for the revenue service. There at Pratoo Muang. A brick building near- are ten Christians among the 100 stuby, and a bamboo kitchen within eight dents of the school. Sixty of them are feet of the wall of the chapel burned, associated with the Y. M. C. A. of the but did not leave the mark of flame upon school, 30 attend Bible classes, and six it. The fire made a clean sweep of all of the Christian boys hold a daily the market on both sides of the street prayer-meeting from 6.30 to 7.00 a. m. right up to the chapel. It is a most impressive object-lesson to unbelievers." America's Opportunity in China CHINA REV. HENDON M. HARRIS writes in the Foreign Mission Journal: "I A General Synod in China wish I could impress on our religious T HE second general synod of the leaders. in America what a tremendous Chung Hua Sheng Kung Hui, the responsibility, privilege, and opportunity name adopted for the Anglican Church is ours in China. It can not be said too in China, met in Shanghai in April. strongly that America at the present There are eleven dioceses, which include time occupies a place in the confidence, the work of the Episcopal Church in the nay, the affection of the Chinese, that United States, of the Church in Canada, can not be approached by any other naof the S. P. G., of the C. M. S., and of tion. the "Church" section of the China Inland Mission in Szechwan. All the "Pitiful it was to me, during the reeleven bishops were present at the sy- cent trouble with Japan when one after nod meeting. Certainly the feature in another asked me if America would not the proceedings which proved of chief interfere to save China from the viointerest to the Chinese members of the lence of her neighbor. How many times synod was the formation of a Board of have I had a man whom I have just met, Missions whose immediate task should on learning that I was an American,

stick up his thumb in the characteristic by Roman Catholic Christians. He had Chinese method of indicating that which made the acquaintance of Dr. Hume of is excellent, and utter in the most ex- the Yale Mission, and was deeply moved pressive tone one word, 'Hao' (good). by the latter's prayer at the deathbed of One day while crossing the Yangtse his father, the governor. Kiang from Wuchang to Hankow, several well-drest Chinese strangers, on When Hunan seceded last year, the learning that my home was in the Uni- young man went to the front with a Red ted States, fairly forced me to let them Cross corps. Taken as a spy, he was arpay my fare on the boat." rested and thrown into prison at Wu- chang. Four of his fellow prisoners "IOne University for Fifty Million People were beheaded. Here, face to face with N the United States there are some death without trial, he turned to God, 500 colleges, one to every 200,000 and for the first time prayed to his Heavpeople-a land of churches and Chris- enly Father. Instantly a strange peace tian forces where almost all may hear filled his heart, and in a moment he and, if they will, receive the Gospel knew that there was a God and that He message. This is good, and we are had heard his prayer. grateful. Now, if there were but one college east of the Mississippi River and After his release from prison he was one west, the whole land filled with idol- baptized. He was a powerful ally of temples, with uncounted millions who Mr. Eddy in his evangelistic meetings, have no opportunity to hear the Gospel holding large audiences by his burning -and if one of these colleges – one words, as he boldly testified to Jesus among 50,000,000 of people-was in Christ as his own Savior and the only great need of $80,000 to complete its hope of China. building fund, what would you do!" Floods Destroy Mission Property So reads an appeal for Shantung University, which is attempting to raise a AREPORT from South China anbuilding fund of $335,000. Already nounces that tens of thousands of $245,000 has been given unconditionally, natives are estimated to have been and in addition $35,000 conditioned on drowned by the floods in the Chinese securing the whole sum of $335,000. provinces of Kwantung, Kwangsi, and There is urgently needed $55,000 to Kiangsi, in July. A despatch to Washcomplete the fund. The Presbyterian ington from Hong Kong states that Board of Foreign Missions, the Ameri- American mission property in the recan trustees, administer the funds and gion between Canton, Kongmoon, and give this appeal unqualified endorsement. Wuchow is either destroyed or badly damaged by the great floods. So far as Mr. Eddy's Interpreter known, no American lives have been lost. MR. SHERWOOD EDDY'S inter- preter is an excellent illustration of Altho the dispatches said that no God's wonder-working in the lives of Americans had perished, department ofleading young men of China. He is a ficials estimated that in the West River member of the most prominent family Valley there were about 100 missionaries in Changsha, the son of a man who had from the United States, including women been governor in four of China's prov- and children. inces. Four years ago he was a Confucianist, hating Christianity because of "Every-Member Canvass" in Hainan heavy indemnities which China had been obliged to pay for injuries suffered D URING the past year four new chapels have been erected in Ka- chek district, Island of Hainan, three new centers opened, and the attendance

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at religious services has greatly in- ond is to throttle the wicked and un- creased. Rev. David S. Tappen, Jr., christian talk of the possibility of war says: "We are making an every-mem- between two nations, our own and J ap- ber canvass of our Kachek Christians. an, each of which has no intention of Weare not going to stop until we get doing anything except what is right.

every member to pledge a definite sum And the third is to pray, as the Church yearly or weekly. In a great many has never prayed before, that the fires of places we have more than doubled the God which fell at Carmel and at Pente- contributions, and we have only begun. cost, shall fall to-day upon Japan."

Each Christian takes his cash and wraps The Answer to a Japanese Prayer it up in paper and puts his name and amount on the outside. As the Chinese MURAMATSU SAN is a converted say, a person does not like to wrap up robber and ex-convict who mainless than five or ten cash, and one does tains a home for discharged prisoners not want to drop in loose cash when at Kobe. Some time ago he had to make everyone else has his wrapt up in a trip to Tokyo on business in connection paper. We expect four times as much with the Home, but found that there was as was given last year. only one yen and seventy sen in the family purse, whereas the journey would JAPAN-KOREA require about ten yen. He had to be The Need of the Japanese Church in Tokyo at a certain time and must leave at once. Before leaving home he DR. SPEER'S impressions of the and his wife prayed for the money. He changed place of Christianity in took the seventy sen and left her the Japan, as compared with his visit 18 yen and started for the station, believing years ago, were referred to in the Aug- that the Lord would respond in some ust REVIEW. Another tendency which way, but the first train for the capital imprest him strongly is the conscious, pulled out without him. The next exrecognized need of the Christian Church press was due to leave in about four in Japan for the coming down of a liv- hours. Muramatsu San spent all this ing fire out of heaven. "The nation real- time at the station praying, confident izes its need of moral education and of that the Lord would hear his petition. religion for the sake of individual and Just a few minutes before the train was national effiCiency. Far and wide, peo- due a missionary, who knew Muramatsu ple are ready to hear and men are quali- San entered the station, also bound for fied to preach the ethical message of Tokyo. "By the way," said the mission- Christianity. What the strongest lead- ary, "I have ten yen for your work ers of the church now crave is the rais- which I have been intending to hand you ing up of men who can preach the spiri- for some time." tual supernaturalism of the Guspel, who can make the crucified, risen and ever- Muramatsu San believes that God does living Christ a reality to the soul of answer prayer.

Japan, who can proclaim all that St. Strange Sights in Osaka Paul meant by the cross and the resur- OSAKA, the ~ost mo.d~rn of .the cities rection to the deepest heart of the of Japan, 1S a: stnklllg m1xture of Japanese people. The American church has three great duties to Japan in this the old and the new. Over 40 great fac- tories, employing some 60,000 people, present hour. One is to send out at and many smaller factories and C011once missionary reinforcem:ents, both cerns, are filled with the latest machi- men and women, but especially men, for nery run by electric motors. All the the country evangelistic work. The sec- principal and many of the residence

streets of Osaka are electric-lighted, and added a few words, affirming his un- there is an immense amusement park, qualified belief in the efficacy of prayer with a hundred illuminated buildings and for China in her present hour of distress a great electric tower. In the arch under and uncertainty. this tower is a huge "Billikin," marked "The Western's God of Luck," and many What Led Them to Christ? are those who worship him there. But the favorite object of worship in Osaka THE Rev. H. E. Blair, of the Presbyis the fox god. Most of the shops and terian Mission, was instructing a homes have a god-shelf, with its pair of male and female fox images. The lights men's class of about fifty Korean Chrison this shelf and the food offerings on tians. One day he asked how many of it are renewed daily. In the grounds of them had been led to Christ as the direct nearly, if not all, the factories, big and result of the personal preaching of little, in Osaka is a fox shrine. It is others j twelve held up their hands. Then endorsed by "the firm" j otherwise busi- he asked how many had gone into a ness would be ruined, they say. The Christian church as sightseers and had electric cars of Osaka are directly con- been thereby brought to believe; two tributing to heathen worship by making raised their hands. Two others said the temples accessible as they never were that they had been convinced as a result before. On the days of temple festivals, of reading tracts; but when he asked usually twice a month, there is scarcely how many had been led to believe breatbing-space on the cars, and the through reading the little farthing Korinterurban cars bring worshipers from ean Gospels which are being sold by coltowns within a sixty mile radius. porteurs, twenty responded. Mr. Blair adds: "This may be rather more than the Chinese Prayer Meeting in Tokio average; but it indicates that the Gos- pels are powerful."

THE changed attitude of the Chinese A Contest in Selling Gospels students in Japan toward Christianity in the last few years was vividly MRS. ROY K. SMITH, of Andong, Korea, tells of a movement to make illustrated in a prayer meeting held on the church members responsible for the the third anniversary of the establish- sale of Gospels to their neighbors so as ment of the Chinese Republic in the to have the colporteur free for work in Y. M. C. A. building in Tokio. Invita- villages remote from established church- tions were issued to all Chinese students es. Banners are given to the churches of the city. The Chinese minister in or individuals who have made record Tokyo welcomed the suggestion, and in sales. A young man in one of the South spite of the demands on"his time and that churches, hearing of the zeal for Gospel of his staff on so important a national selling in the eastern circuit, decided holiday, arranged to have a representa- that even tho no one else in his church tive at the gathering. The attendance cared to help him he would ask the helper was remarkable. The meeting was ad- to bring 75 Gospels on his next trip.

vertised as a prayer meeting, and yet The result was that the entire number over 100 Chinese students, largely non- were sold before breakfast one morning, Christian, attended, and listened to an and this was the largest individual sale.

address delivered by a Chinese pastor One of the native pastors interprets the emphasizing the importance of the un- stoty of David and Goliath, by making seen power of God to control the Re- church-members the Davids, the giant public of China. The Minister's repre- the devil, and little penny Gospels the septative, one of the secretaries of the pebbles to rout the devil from the lives Legation, who is said to be a Christian, of heathen neighbors.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

A Typical Case circulation of the blood, producing anemia. The majority of the fellaheen FROM Miss Tate, of Chunju, comes are affected by the scourge, and thus it another "rice Christian" story. A may rightly be said to be one of the Christian Korean came to the mission plagues of Egypt. Dr. Harpur began to hospital with a little girl one mass of treat the disease in 1894, with great sucson~s, and so offensive in odor that later cess. How signal is the service thus she had to be put in a room by herself. rendered to the Egyptian nation may be She was, it seems, a servant in a family, judged from the fact that 8,000 fellaheen and when she fell sick was turned out are annually treated and sent back to into the street. The Christian Korean their homes cured and strong. who had found her, brought her to the hospital and pledged himself to be re- For the Women of Egypt sponsible for the expense of her care and treatment up to six yen-a sum rep- OUR Sisters in Egypt is a new magaresenting $20 purchasing power in America. This particular "rice Christian" zine prepared by and representing had, no doubt, read the tenth of Luke the women of Egypt and the work they many times. Better still, he knew how are doing in the cause of evangelism. to go and do likewise. The cover is striking. It consists of three female figures representing "our AFRICA sisters in Egypt." The first is our Mus- lim sister, a giantess, representing 5,000,- Why He Liked His Work 000 Muslim women and girls in Egypt; the second is our Coptic sister, repre- W HEN some one asked a missionary senting 500,000 nominal Christian wo- if he liked his work in Africa, he men and girls, and the third represents replied: "Do I like this work? No; our Protestant sister, a mere pigmy as my wife and I do not like dirt. We have compared to the others, representing but reasonably refined sensibilities. We do 25,000 women and girls in the Nile valnot like crawling into vile huts through ley. The cover is in itself a remarkable goat refuse. We do not like association appeal. Turning to the contents we find with ignorant, filthy, brutish people. But a genuine feast. On the very first page is a man to do nothing for Christ he are the names of 35 women supported does not like? God pity him, if not. by the Women's General Missionary So- Liking or disliking has nothing to do ciety, also the number of Bible women with it. We have orders to 'go' and we in various Egyptian cities supported by go. Love constrains us." Such a love the same organization, 53 in all. There begets the strength to do the "all are eight girls' schools under their directhings." tion.

A Modern Egyptian Plague Prosperity in Belgian Kongo AT the new Church Missionary So- THE course of Belgium in the Kongo ciety hospital, at Menouf, recently Free State some years ago was opened, two Ankylostomiasis sheds are erected-one for men and one for wo- cruelly inhuman. The atrocities perpemen. This disease is the most universal trated on helpless natives shocked the and deadly of all those that affect the world. It is gratifying to learn, on the fellah. It is a veritable scourge in the authority of Bishop Hartzell of the provinces of Egypt. Its origin is a Methodist Episcopal Church, that since minute parasite, which lives in the wet Albert, the present king of Belgium, has soil. When the fellah has trod the soil taken hold of the administration of with his bare feet, it enters through the affairs a policy of justice and helpfulskin, and from thence passes into the ness has replaced the cruel and deso-

lating policy of the former Belgian king. sionary in the Gold Coast applied a few The bishop's testimony is that "The old months ago at the Seccondee Custom Kongo with its atrocities-the half of House for a case of Bibles, but was told which were never told-is past and gone that 16,000 cases of rum and gin mllst forever. A new era has come-an era be removed before it could be reached! of peace and justice and commercial and moral outlook." "Two years ago the Governor was re- ported to have said that if the drink Rev. V. D. Armstrong, one of the traffic continues at its present rate of insenior missionaries of the Kongo Balolo crease, it will destroy Christianity In Mission, reviews the changes °that have the Gold Coast." taken place in the administrative al~d material conditions on the Kongo since One of Livingstone'. Men his first outgoing, seventeen years ago. THE last of David Livingstone's "Material advance is visible all along Makololo, and one of a remarkable the river line. The native thatched huts band of men who played an important have given way to iron roof buildings; part in establishing the British Protecthe naked savage is replaced by the torate in Nyassaland, has recently died. clothed and superficially civilized black His name was Mlauli, and he was the man; the weapons of war are abandoned, chief of the Mang'anja people. He acand the tribes are eager in the pursuit companied the great missionary on his of commerce and wealth. travels, and was one of the company of Mako1010 to whom Livingstone gave "The administration, instead of being guns, and a warning to have nothing semi-barbaric, is now dignified and patri- to do with the slave trade, but to "keep archal, and the rubber regime has given the country for the English." This they way to an order of things which meets -:lid, and when the Scottish missionaries the approval of the governed and in- arrived in 1875 they extended them a spires sufficient confidence to make them warm welcome. It was not till years inhabit the river banks, and willingly afterward that British administration come in contact with the white man. was established.

"On the lower river and at Stanley A Remarkable Journey Pool large substantial buildings-such as hotels, ship-building plants, and the REV. J. DU PLESSIS, of the Dutch machinery of civilization requisite for Reformed Church, has been enconquering a country of wild nature and gaged upon a journey which, a few fruitful resources-are springing into years ago, would have been an almost existence." impossible task. As a member of the Edinburgh Conference Continuation African Natives and Rum Committee he is in search of needy re- gions in Central Africa, and studying MR. JOHN NEWTON has publish,~d methods of work among the people. in England a valuable report on With the most slender resources, one "Alcohol and Native Races," dealing Hausa servant, and some ten or twelve especially with conditions on the West loads, he journeyed through the North Coast of Africa. In 1912 the total Kamerun to the River Shari in French amount of liquor imported was nearly Kongo, along the valley of the Uele to seven million gallons. Holland supplied the Nile; then to Uganda, and through 58 per cent. of the total, Germany 21 East Africa to Mombasa. Unable, on per cent., the United States (to the Gold account of the war, to proceed as he in- Coast) 14 per cent., the United King- tended through German East Africa dom 4 per cent., and other countries 3 back to the Kongo, he returned to per cent. Mr. Newton states that a mis-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

Uganda, thence striking west through into words." Among the activities that Taro, south to Lake Edward, across to are being conducted are a cafeteria, a the Kongo, and so down to Bolopo, rest-room with a trained nurse, a nurwhere Baptist missionaries had the pleas- sery where mothers may check their ure of welcoming him. He has now babies, a night school for women emgone down to the Lower Kongo, and ployees, moving-pictures of Association proposes to return to the East Coast via work, and Sunday vesper services, the the Kasai, Sankuru, on to the Lualaba, attendance at which has numbered as thence south through Katanga to the many as 2,100. A man passing through head of the Cape-to-Cairo Railway, and he building stopt one day to say, "If across to his own mission in the N yassa- this is applied Christianity, certainly the land and down the Zambesi. The jour- subject is worth investigation," and ney is a remarkable illustration of the many young women to whom the buildwonderful way in which the Dark Con- ing has been indeed "A House of Friendtinent has been laid open. liness," have exprest their intention of joining the Association when they re- Germany's Loss in Africa turn to their homes.

THE complete conquest of German Immigration and the War Southwest Africa on July 9th was preceded-tho the fact was not known ONE of the marked effects of the until later-by the capture of Ngaun- European war has been the lessenclere, an important town in the heart of ing by about two-thirds of the number the German Kamerun, presaging the of immigrants coming to our shores. An speedy conquest of that great colony excellent opportunity is thus given to with an area of 191,000 square miles and the entire country to consider carefully a population of 2,540,000, the last re- the heretofore too-much-neglected quesmaining German colony except German tion of the treatment and protection of East Africa. The loss of German the alien after admission. Various Southwest Africa was the most serious agencies are facing this opportunity with of all, for that was the most prized of seriousness. "The Committee for Imall German colonies and the one which migrants in America" has awakened inhad cost most. terest in the naturalization and Ameri- canization of the immigrant. Boards of NORTH AMERICA Education in many cities are united with them in this work. Commissioner Howe The Y. W. C. A. at the Exposition and his associates at El1i.s Island and commissioners and officers of other ports THE building of the Young Women's are giving encouragement to these en- Christian Association at the Pan- deavors, and have inaugurated some exama-Pacific Exposition is having an cellent plans for improving the methods average daily attendance of 3,870, and of receiving the immigrant and caring the Club House, erected in the pleasure for those detained. concession, is rendering a unique service to the girls who are employed in the The Home Missions Council and the various attractions. One of the officials Council of Women for Home Missions of the Exposition has stated "The Ex- are seeking to formulate some plan by position management feels itself very which the denominational forces enfortunate in having the Young Women's gaged in this work at the ports of entry Christian Association here. The value may unify their work and bring it into of the work from our point of view can effective cooperation with all other agennot be measured, and our appreciation cies working toward the same end. of all that you are doing can not be put

Evangelistic Work Among Russians Frank L. Moore, Superintendent of T HERE are about one million Rus- =ongregational Home Missions in Col- sians in the United States. Some orado, says that the good Mormon is of these are Jews but many of them be- actually proud of the institution of poly- long nominally to the Russian "orthodox gamy, and preaches it and teaches it in j;hurch." In reality they are largely his Sunday-schools. He quotes from the ignorant of what Christianity really most recently published Sunday-school means. Rev. William Fetler of Petro- outlines, and a pamphlet entitled "Doc- grad, who is now in exile, hopes to de- trines and Covenants," including one vote his time during the present war called "Revelation on the Eternity of the to the evangelization of Russians in the Marriage Covenant, Including Plurality United States. A Convention of Rus- of Wives. Given through Joseph the sian and Ruthenian Christians was re- . Seer." In order to make these and cently held under his leadership in New similar facts widely known, the National York City, and was attended by fifty- Reform Association has been conducting eight delegates, some of whom came for months an Anti-Mormon Crusade.

from Canada. A Russian Union was BY Prohibition in Canada formed, and the following plans of work about 15,000 majority the Canadecided upon: The establishing of a brief Bible dian province of Alberta has voted course for the Russian preachers and that the sale of liquor shall be prohibited pastors and the preparation of a cor- throughout that domain after July 1, respondence course of lectures for such 1916. Under the law all liquors handled Russian preachers as could not attend for medicinal, scientific, and sacramental the Bible course; the publication of a purposes after July 1st will be handled Russian religious monthly; the opening by dispensaries under control of the of a Russian Christian immigration government. Residents of the province home in the city of New York, and the may import liquor from other jurisdic- sending out of evangelists. tions. Alberta's decision will have a The Baptist City Mission Society profound effect in Manitoba, where a plans to develop its work among Rus- referendum is to be taken soon on pro- sians with the help of Rev. Michael hibition. The nine provinces of the Lodsin, a missionary at Ellis Island, Dominion are now abreast of the United who hopes to devote his whole time to States in the fight on the liquor curse.

reaching Russians in homes, restaurants, In Prince Edward Island a province- factories and on the streets of New wide prohibitory law is in effect, and in York. N ova Scotia a prohibition law applies I Mormons and Polygamy to the entire province except the city of « T is apparent to all close observers Halifax. In New Brunswick, Quebec, that the Mormon Church does not and Ontario local option laws have for- intend to give up polygamy. It. is plain, bidden the sale of liquor in more than on the contrary, that they intend to es- half of the towns. In Saskatchewan tablish it more firmly and that they will the private liquor trade was abolished openly proclaim it again as a divine in- beginning last July 1st, but a govern- stitution so soon as they think they are ment dispensary system was authorized.

in a position to do so. Their every en- A provincial license law alone governs deavor is to strengthen their position by liquor sales in British Columbia, while extending their political contro1." in the Northwest Territories sale of These statements are attributed to liquor is regulated by the law of the Senator DuBois, of Idaho, and Rev. Dominion.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

An Attack on Negro Education LATIN AMERICA ABILL which was introduced in the Mexico Wide Open to the Gospel Georgia legislature to prohibit whites from teaching blacks in that state was A CHRISTIAN worker in Mexico checked in committee. Leading white voices the general opinion of mismen in the state supported colored men sionary experts, when he says that presin their opposition to the bill, and the ent unsettled conditions have created press spoke out strongly against it. Its among the people an unprecedented author, Senator Way, who claims to be -desire for the Gospel of Christ. a friend of the colored people, states that he was led to frame the bill because It may surprize some to know that in the students from the A. M. A. school a great part of Mexico there is comin Dorchester, Ga., were so different parative peace. Even in districts where from the ordinary type of negroes. fighting is going on, conditions are the Friends of mission schools see in this same as th·. ".e found in any war-stricken statement a striking tribute to the effec- country. They are not to be compared tiveness of such institutions. The op- ",,-ith the unrest and devastation in the ponents of the bill are organized and war zones of Europe. endeavoring to keep it, if possible, from getting out of the committee, as "There is not a state of anarchy in there might be danger of its passage in Mexico," writes the missionary. "Bancase it came to a discussion in which dits do not roam about the country race passion should be aroused. Its pas- plundering and murdering. The great sage would seriously handicap, in the crisis that Mexico faces to-day is one of city of Atlanta alone, such institutions finances. Mexican money is practically as Atlanta University, Morehouse Col- worthless to-day, making it impossible lege, Spelman Seminary, Clark Univer- for merchants to import articles. Neversity, and Gammon Theological Semi- theless, people continue to carryon th<!ir nary. various trades. The worst conditions are to be found in cities. In the small Industrial Training in Porto Rico towns and country districts, work goes on almost the same as usual." THE Polytechnic Institute at San German, Porto Rico, is giving a Dr. John W. Butler, of Mexico City, Christian industrial education, and lay- has made the statement that this is the ing the foundations for a trained native golden opportunity for Christian work leadership in the Church. Most of the in Mexico. The religious interest maniboys and girls come from poor homes fested has never before been equaled. and have little money, but they are glad M-issionaries are doing a larger work of an opportunity to work for an educa- than ever and Protesta'lt mission schools tion. have more students than they can pos- sibly handle. The students labor on farm and garden, in the kitchen and dining-room, 111 The feeling against Protestants that the laundry and sewing-room, and in strongly prevailed for so many years, is workshops, and so bring the cost of now fading away, since Mexicans are living to the minimum. coming to realize that Christ is a vital power to those who trust Him. The Polytechnic Institute has had its main support from the Presbyterian Several officers in the various Mexi- Board of Home Missions; but the Board can armies are young men who have athas decided that, owing to special finan- tended mission schools, and naturally cial stress, it can not grant the $5,000 have created a favorable sentiment torequired for next year's work. ward the missionaries. Mexico needs Christ, Mare than this, Mexico is be- ginning to realize her need of Christ.

Social Service in South America cause of the unfamiliarity of prospective students with the conditions, both social ONE thing which the visitor to South and scholastic, which they will meet in America misses from the life of England. They need to be informed of the young people generally, and especial- what preparation is necessary for enly from the lives of the young women, trance to the colleges; of what courses is the absorption in various forms of so- of study they can most profitably pursue, cial service which has in the past few of where suitable lodgings can be seyears become almost a passion among cured, of what colleges are best suited large numbers of our Christian young to supply their wants, and a multitude of people in North America. The young other things need to be made plain to woman of South America, beautiful and them. admirable in many ways, has, because of social customs, been taught to look The Kikuyu Controversy Continued forward only to marriage and home comforts as the ends of her existence. ECHOES of Kikuyu are still to be Higher education is therefore consid- heard. Shortly after the publicaered superfluous for women, and active tion of the decision of the Archbishop participation in community betterment of Canterbury, which was reported in movements is almost unknown. In view the July REVIEW, a number of clergyof that fact, the work of Miss Estella C. men met in Westminster, and adopted Long, in Montevideo, Uruguay, is note- the following resolution: "That since worthy. She has organized the first the policy of admitting members of teacher-training class among young wo- separatist bodies to Holy Communion, men of South America, and the girls or of admitting them to preach in the are taking hold of their work eagerly. pulpits of the Church, is contrary to ec- They are using as a text-book a Spanish clesiastical order, those present at this translation of the late Dr. Hamill's "Le- meeting pledge themselves, before region of Honor" course, and are engag- newing their subscriptions to foreign ing in many "through-the-week activi- missions or making further collections ties" which are excellent forms of so- in their behalf, to obtain in every case cial service. They have organized a an assurance that the practises mencradle-roll, and each girl is responsible tioned above will not be permitted withfor enrolling and caring for ten babies. in the sphere of the mission to be sup- They have also formed a sewing guild ported." to provide clothing for the poor children of their community. It has been stated that 500 clergymen have pledged themselves to support this BRITISH ISLES action. The Church Missionary Review comments: "It would be interesting to Indian Students in England have an opportunity of looking over the list in order to discover how much the DURING the year ending June 30, Church's missionary work will be af- 1914, the British Government, fected in the event of the assurance de- manded not being given. From another through the Department of the Secre- point of view, the humor of the position tary for Indian students, spent £5,769 has not escaped some of the more logical 18s. IOd. for the purpose of being of minds of the party to· which these genassistance to Indian students in Eng- tlemen belong. A correspondent asks land. The Report on the work of the in the Church Times whether it lies Indian Students' Department is of much within his province as a layman to deinterest. There are some 1,600 or 1,iOO mand such a pledge of a missIOnary Indian students in schools in England. bishop. We may press the further The need for the Department arises bc-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

query, whether it lies within the prov- gusted with the attitude of the Papacy ince of a missionary society to demand toward their poor country. They would it ?" be delighted to find a form of faith THE CONTINENT which would not do violence to their patriotism. This opportunity should be In the Trenches seized to start at once a real Christian and Evangelical propaganda, basing it- ONWARD, a young people's paper self more especially on the Gospel of published in Toronto, has the follow- St. John, which is so' welcome to so ing to say about war and Christianity: many Belgians who have been obliged to give up sectarian and dogmatic teach- "A wounded man, speaking of some of ing. There is, besides, a distinguished his mates, said that in the barracks they Belgian, Comte Goblet d'Alvietta, now used to tell him that they were infidels; Ministre d'Etat and Vice-President du that they did not believe in God nor in Senat of Belgium, who has always pub- Christianity-but that after their ex- licly upheld by speech and writings the perience in the trenches they had lost Protestant propaganda in Belgium." their infidelity. 'They pray now,' said he. 'There are no infidels in the trenches.' Religion in German Prison Camps "These men could deride Christian PROF. ADOLF DEISSMAN, of Ber- .comrades in the quiet of the barracks, lin University, writes that a mosque jeer at churches and ministers as they has been erected in the prison camp at lounged idly in English towns, and ap- Wiinsdorf, for captured Mohammedans. plaud with great gusto infidel orators in On July 13th this mosque was dedicated the parks; but when those comrades in the presence of the Turkish Ambaswere smitten dead beside them, or when sador to Germany, Mahmud Mukhtar they themselves, dreadfully wounded, Pasha, and others connected with the lay upon the cold earth or languished in Turkish Embassy in Berlin. The Mosthe hospitals, their infidelity oozed away, lem prisoners were told that the mosque and their minds turned back to a was a gift from the Kaiser. mother's prayers, the simple Sundayschool songs, and the words of the great Other religious services are held in old Book to find there comfort and hope. f;erman prison camps. A Church of England service every Sunday, con- "It is the old story which the ages ducted by Rev. H. M. Williams, the have retold thousands of times over, that British Chaplain in Berlin, and Mr. A. the religion of Christ is the one thing J. Kemp, of the Hamburg Seamen's which abides all tests-good, supremely Mission. Wednesday evening services good, in peace and in war, in health and are interdenominational and are conin suffering, in life and in death." ducted by British prisoners. Roman The Gospel for Belgian Refugees Catholic mass is celebrated every morn- ing, and Gennan Protestant services at A WRITER in the Protestant Women, stated intervals. One notice reads: Dr. G. Smets Mondez, is surprized "In England there has been a great that so little is done to spread the Gos- revival of family prayers. The late pel in its simplicity among the Belgian Lord Roberts started the movement.

refugees in England. He says: "The "In the camp there is five minutes of moment for such an effort seems to me common prayer evenings at 9 o'clock.

singularly happy; there are many Ro- "The camp services are got up by men man Catholic Belgians de bonne foi- in camp for the camp. Suggestions and more than one thinks-who are dis- advice are always welcome." .

MISCELLANEOUS appointed to China by the Presbyterian Board in 1883, and altho, in 1892, he was "S Giving or Relinquishing forced on account of health to retire O Mr. Jones gave $5,000 to missions from active service; two years later, in at his death, did he?" was asked 1894, he was reappointed. In 1901 he of a minister the other day. The answer was elected president of the Shantung was: "I did not say he gave it, but he Christian University, which position he left it; perhaps I should more explicitly held until he was finally compelled by have said that he relinquished it, be- ill-health to return to the United States. cause he could no longer hold it." The Since returning he has been a member distinction needs to be kept in mind: one of the faculty of the Kennedy School only "gives" when living; he "relin- of Missions at Hartford. quishes" at death.-Selected.

R Catholic Missions Handicapped Philip W. Pitcher of China OMAN Catholic Missions are being ON July 21st the Rev. Philip W. Pit- profoundly affected by the war, and their friends seem to feel that the re- cher, one of the senior missionaries sponsibility to help rests especially upon of the Amoy Mission of the Reformed the Roman Catholic Church in the Church in America, died from heart United States. The need for men is ap- failure, at Kuliang, China. Last year parently quite as great as that for Mr. Pitcher had a severe illness from money. One Tyrolese priest, at work which he recovered in large part, but in South India, writes: which left him quite weak and unable to carryon his usual heavy tasks. "We Catholics must have missioners of every flag in the field. The necessity Mr. Pitcher went out to China just for this is clearly shown just now, when thirty years ago and has rendered from India about 45 French priests are efficient service in Amoy. being called to the colors, while the Germans and Austrians are cut off from Wm. M. Upcraft of China their respective countries so completely that they can not receive alms or even THE REV. W. M. UPCRAFT, for private letters from their friends at some years a Baptist missionary at home. The sooner American Catholic priests come to the East the better." Yunan-fu, China, died there August 15 at the age of 55. During the Boxer re- Other heads of missionary enterprises bellion Mr. Upcraft acted as interpreter ill India, China, Japan, and Korea tell for the British army. the same story of "gaps made in the ranks of the Lord," and of the cutting A Rev. E. R. Miller of Japan off of the accustomed money contribu- FTER completing more than four tions from Europe and the need of help decades of missionary service in from America. One heavy item of loss Japan, in the seventy-second year of his is the apparently large number of young age, and while on furlough in this coun- French priests called to perform their try, the Rev. Edward Rothesay Miller, military duty. of the North Japan Mission of the Re- formed Church, was taken to his reward OBITUARY NOTES on August 7, 1915. His service has been characterized by great faithfulness in Paul D. Bergen of China the direction of distinctly evangelistic work, and by deep sympathy with the DR. PAUL DAVID BERGEN, ex- Japanese people. Hi8 chief contribu- president of Shantung Christian tions have been in the direction of city and village evangelism, and of literary College, died the middle of August at work in connection with the editing of a his home in West Avon, Conn. He was Japanese Christian magazine.

ON HI IONS /.wt?"

AND MISSION LANDS ,~ ,…….. . "".,…………/.,/ The Fight for Peace. An Aggressive III the plan, scope, purpose and power Campaign for American Churches. By of missionary work. If every school Sidney L. Gulick, D.D. 12mo., 192 pp., would adopt this as a part of a teacher- 50 cents. Fleming H. Revell Company, training course they would find not only '1915. a new spirit in the work of the school but greater results in conversions, char- Dr. Gulick gives expression to the acter-building and service. The studies conviction which prevails among Chris- refer to missions both at home and tians in regard to world-militarism, and abroad. seeks to stir the Church to faith in its own vision of world-peace and to leader- The Bible and Life. By Bishop Edwin ship in a crusade to win it. He finds Holt Hughes. 8vo., 239 pp., $1.00, net. the causes of the European tragedy in The Methodist Book Concern, New the selfish ambitions which are the basis York, 1915. of national life, and declares that These practical Bible Studies were "Golden Rule Internationalism is the only practicable method of establishing given as the first series of Mendenhall world-peace." The Golden Rule must lectures in De Pauw University. Bishop universally be "made supreme in speech Hughes has showed clearly and forceas well as in conduct, in the acttvlttes fully the bearing of the Bible on Life, of the press no less than in those of Man, Home, Education, Work, Wealth, diplomacy." Dr. Gulick sets forth in Sorrow, and Conduct. They will repay detail the Christian method which should a careful study on the part of teachers characterize the relations of the United and students. States with Mexico, Japan, and China. "The churches of America should seri- Getting Things From God. By Rev. ously consider the paradox of their ap- Charles A. Blanchard, D.D. 8vo., 270 parent interest in foreign missions (for pp. 75 cents. Bible Institute Colportage they give some $17,000,000 annually for Association, Chicago, 1915. this great enterprise), and their appar- Prayer is either the greatest force or ent indifference to these obstacles which are due to governmental disregard of the greatest farce in the Christian life. treaties with Asiatic peoples. For the Dr. Blanchard shows what prayer is success of their missions is intimately and how prayer life may be developed dependent on the maintenance of the and become a power in the experience Golden Rule in diplomacy and of Chris- of those who are willing to pay the tian treatment of Asiatics in America." price. It is a Biblical and a practical The Sunday-School Teacher and the study. Program of Jesus. By George H. Trull and Jay S. Stowell. 12mo. 160 The Speaker's Handbook. 64 pages. pp., 50 cents. The Westminster Press, Published by the Executive Committee Phila., 1915. of the United Missionary Campaign, Metropolitan Building, New York. This latest book on Missions in the No volume in the same space gives so Sunday-school is especially adapted for a text-book to train officers and teachers many valuable suggestions for mission- ary speakers. There are ideas gathered from many sources concerning prayer, the press, addresses, study, team work, leadership, recruits, money, administra- tion, etc.

Board of Missionary Preparation. study of the subject, and gives the Fourth Report. Dr. Frank K. Sanders, facts that must form the basis for con- Director. Paper covers. 8vo., 427 pp. clusions. There are now nearly 100,000 50 cents. Board of Missionary Prepara- Japanese in the Western States. They tion, N ew York, 1915.

There is no clearer indication of the are clannish and difficult to assimilate.

development of the science of missions Only about one-tenth have their wives and the thoroughness with which the in America, and their moral ideals are whole subject is studied to-day than this very different from those of Christian report of one of the Boards associated American mothers. The moral danger with the Foreign Missions Conference is great, and there is need for more ag- of North America. The Board is made gressive missionary work among them.

up of experts on Missions and Educa- They greatly complicate the problem tion, and the work is divided among of wages and labor in the West, but over 100 men and women who study and are peaceable and generally law-abid- report on the best type of preparation ing. The author advocates a new im- required for the various Foreign Mission migration law, applicable impartially to fields-China, India, Japan, Latin Amer-. all races, which will limit the immigra- ica, the Near East (Moslem Lands), tion annually from any foreign land Pagan Africa-Educational Missions, so as not to exceed 5 per cent. of those and Language Study. The report of from that land who have taken out each committee is thorough and com- their second papers and the number plete, and includes a list of books for born of immigrant parents. This will the study of missionaries and of candi- relieve the feeling in Japan concerning dates. The report is worthy of careful America's discrimination against Jap- study by missionaries and by the facul- anese, and at the same time will limit ties of theological seminaries, universi- all immigration on a common basis. No ties, and schools of missionary prepar- discrimination against them should be ation. made after they have been admitted; Negro Year Book. An Annual Encyclo- also only those who would be eligible pedia of the Negro. Monroe N. Work, to American citizenship should be ad- Editor; paper, 8vo., 429 pp. 25 cents mitted. net. Negro Year Book Publishing Co., Tuskegee Institute, Alabama, 1915. The Spell of Japan. By Isabel Ander- son. Illustrated. 8vo. 396 pp. $2.50, This is the volume from which caine net. The Page Company, Boston, 1915.

most of the interesting facts and figures in regard to the progress of American As the wife of the American Am- Negroes. In business, education, re- bassador to the court of Japan, Mrs.

ligion, and social development their ad- Anderson enjoyed special opportunities vancement has been remarkably en- of coming under the spell of Japanese couraging. courtesy, history, natural beauties, and The Japanese Problem in the United romance. She witnessed exclusive func- States. By H. A. Mills. Illustrated. tions, met many of the nobility of the 8vo. 324 pp. The Macmillan Co., 1915. land, and learned much that the ordi- This is a real problem and calls for nary resident or visitor would miss.

serious study and a solution. It in- She used her privileges to good advan- volves the future of America (especially tage, and has given us a volume of the Pacific Coast), and of Japan, as rare charm. The reader is introduced well as the relations between the two to the cream of Japanese art, history, countries. Mr. Mills, who is profes- literature, society, and customs, and so sor of Economics in the University of comes under the spell of country and Kansas, has made a comprehensive people. Mrs. Anderson also knows

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

something of Japanese religion, and of Palestine, Egypt, and India, and back Protestant missionary work. Her chapter on "New Light for Old" gives to America by way of China and J acredit to Christianity for Japan's progress, tells of Miss Tsudo's school for pan. It is full of interesting detailsyoung women, and writes appreciatively of the various missionary agencies, but and of others not so interesting. The from rather limited study and observation. The author believes that Japan illustrations are good in quantity and needs Christianity, but that the form of subject, but poor in quality. The narra- Christianity "ultimately evolved in Ja- tive is an intelligent running comment pan will have very little in common with its various prototypes in the on places and people by travelers who Orient." had eyes to see and hearts to appreciate Thirteen Years in Mexico. Letters of the Rev. Charles W. Drees. 276 pp. The the spiritual importance of conditions Abingdon Press, New York. These interesting letters afford a read- and needs in the Orient.

able record of his experiences in the The Annual Report of the Scripture early days of Protestant missionary Gift Mission of London reads like a work in this now storm-tossed country. The letters have been arranged and romance, and deals almost entirely with edited by his wife, who has had particularly in view the yoring people of the work among British soldiers and the churches whom she is eager to have interested in the evangelization of sailors and those of the Allied nations. Mexico. She has done her work with literary skill and sympathetic fidelity. A copy will be sent to any friend en- "Rome." In Scripture and History. By closing 3d. Thousands and thousands F. C. Jennings. Pamphlet. 10 cents. Charles C. Cook, New York, 1914. of copies of God's Word have been cir- This brief "expose" of the Roman culated which must be watered. Every- Catholic Church gives many indisputable facts with which people should be body can pray to the Lord of the Harmade acquainted. While our readers will not agree with all the positions vest in earnest tones that the brave men taken, it is clear that until the Papacy is revolutionized and regenerated there is may be led to a saving knowledge of evidently no true basis for cooperation with evangelical Christians, and much the Lord Jesus Christ before they are reason to oppose the teachings and practises that are distinctive of Ro- called upon to pass from time into etermamsm. nity. Among Missions in the Orient. By J. S. Hartzler and J. S. Shoemaker. Il- The Chairman of the Mission is the lustrated. 8vo. 467 pp. $1.50. Men- Rev. Preb. H. W. Webb-Peploe and the onite Publishing House, Scottdale, Pa., 1912. To be obtained' from J. S. Shoe- Secretary, Francis C. Brading, 15 maker, Freeport, Illinois. The tour of which this volume is a Strand, London, W,c., who will gladly report was taken five years ago, and included a journey across Europe, into give any further information which may be desired.

NEW BOOKS "Called." By E. May Crawford. 8vo., 183 pp" 28. 6d. net. Church Missionary Society, London, 1915.

Christian Psychology. By the Rev. James Stalker, D.D. (Second edition.) l2mo., 281 pp., $125 net. George H. Doran Co., New York, 1915.

The Three R's of Rescue Mission Work -Ruin, Rescue, and Recovery. By Philip I. Roberts. 12mo., 63 pp. Flem- ing H. Revell Co., N ew York, 1915.

Christianity and the Jew. An Appeal to the Church of Christ to Preach the Gospel to the Jew. By Delaware W. Scott. 12mo. 100 pp. 75 cents, net. Standard Pub. Co., Cincinnati, 1915.

History of Christian Missions. By Charles Henry Robinson, D.D. 8vo., xiv-533 pp. $2,50, net. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1915.

Village and Town Life in China. By Y. K. Leong, LL.D. xi-ISS pp. 5s.. net. Allen & Unwin, London, 1915.

The Fourth Report of the Board of Foreign Missions Conference of North Missionary Preparation (for N?rth America. Being the Report of the America). Edited by Frank Kmght Twenty;-Second Conference of Foreign SofandMiesrs~ioPnha.rDy. 427 pp., 50 cents. Board Mission Boards in the United States and Preparation, New York, Canada. At Garden City, New York, 1915. China and the Gospel. An I1lustr~ted January 13-14, 1915. 235 pp. 20 cents.

Report of the China Inland MIssIOn, Foreign Missions Conference, 25 Madi- 1915. 98 pp. China Inland Missions, son Avenue, New York, 1915.

Philadelphia and London, 1915. The Meat of the Melon. Being a brief Annual Report and List of Contribu- setting forth, under the figure of the tions for the Year 1914 of the Metho- luscious and popular fruit of Southern dist Missionary Society of Australia. fields, of the work of the Home Mission Illustrated 107 pp. Methodist Mission- Board of the Southern Baptist Conven- ary Society, Sydney, Australia, 1915. tion for the fiscal Hyoema~r 1914-1915. By Victor 1. Masters. Mission Board Children of Wild Australia. Hy Herbert of the Southern Baptist ConventIOn, Pitts. 16mo., 90 pp., illustrated, 60 cents, Atlanta, Georgia, 1915. net. F1eming H. Revell Co., New York, Report of the First General Conference 1915. of the Hebrew Christian Alliance of In the Land of the Cherry Blossom. By America. Held in the Assembly HalI, Maude Whitmore Madden. 12mo., 192 United Charities Building, New York, pp., illustrated. 75 cents, net. Fleming April 6 to 9, 1915. Pp. 48.. Hebrew H. Revell Co., New York, 1915. . Christian Alliance of America, New The Church Vacation School. A DIS- York, 1915. cussion of its Principles, with Practical A Great Counterfeit, or, The False and Suggestions for its Foundation and Ad- Blasphemous Religion Called Russellministration. By Harriet Chapell. 12mo., ism and Millennia1 Dawnism. As 160 pp., 75 cents, net. Fleming H. Taught in a Series of Books. entitled Revell Co., New York, 1915. "Studies in the Scriptures." By 1. M. The Western Hemisphere in the World Haldeman, D.D. Pp. 39, 10 cents. of To-Morrow. By Franklin Henry Charles C. Cook, 150 Nassau St., New nGeitd. dinFglse~iLnLg.DH. . 16mo., 48 pp., 35 cents, Revel1 Co., New York, York, 1915.

1915. The Seven Great Parables. By Mrs.

The Gospel of Jesus and the Problems George Needham. Pp. 47, 10 cents.

of Democracy. By Henry C. Vedder. Charles S. Cook, New York, 1915.

ix-410 pp. 6s. 6d., net. Macmillan, Lon- A Song of Praise in Time of Battle.

don, 1914. Being the Jubilee Report of the China The Expansion of Russia. By G. H. Inland Missions. Pp. 11. China Inland Skrine. 6s., net. Cambridge University Missions, London and Philadelphia, 1914.

. Press, 1915. . Two Men and Russellism. By 1. M.

Russian Life To-day. By Bishop Bury. Haldeman, D.D. Pp. 64, 10 cents.

270 pp. 3s. 6d., net. Mowbray, London Charles C. Cook, New York, 1915.

1915. .. Presbyterian Foreign Missions. Hints Woman's Mysteries of a Primitive for Missionary Meetings, 1915. May- People. By D. Amaury Talbot. 252 pp. December. Board of Foreign Missions, lOs. 6d., net. Cassell, London, 1915. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, 1915.

On Some Painters of the Renaissance. Raymond Lull and Six Centuries of By Mrs. Sinclair Stevenson. National Islam. By the Rev. H. U: Weitbrecht, Council Y. M. C. A. of India and Ceylon, Ph.D., D.D. Id., net. Society for Pro- Calcutta, 1915. moting Christian Knowledge, London, Arabia Infelix, or The Turks in Yamen. 1915.

By G. Wyman Bury. x-213 pp. 75. 6d., Guaranteeing the Future. American net. Macmillan, London, 1915. Baptist Foreign Mission Society, Bos- Stories of Indian Gods and Heroes. By ton, 1915.

IV. D. Munro. 253 pp. 5s., net. Harrap, Report upon the Conditions and Needs 1912. . of the Indians of the Northwest Coast.

Origin of the Chinese People and Their By Samuel A. Eliot, Member Board of Script. By the Rev. John Ross, D.D. Indian Commissioners. 28 pp. Wash- Bishop, Edinburgh, 1915. ington' D. c., 1915. The Dawning of the Morning. Including PAMPHLETS "The Civilizing Effect of Missions in The Iron Cross. By James Church Al- Asia Minor," by Wm. M. Ramsay; "The vord. 31 pp. 10 cents. M. H. Leavis, West Medford, Mass., 1915. Menace and Challenge of Islam," by F.

Kikuyu. By the Archbishop of Canter- G. Coan; "The Birth of Bulgarian Prot- bury. 70 pp. Is., net. Macmillan Co., London, 1915. estantism," by D. N. Furnajieff; "In the Throes of War." 40 pp. 6d. Bible Lands Missions' Aid Society, London, 1915.

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1915

SAM HIGGINBOTTOM, OF ALLAHABAD

MISSIONA~Y FIRES 1. Do you know that more people go to bed hungry every night in India than live in all of North America? It is a part of the missionary's task to feed the hungry or to help them feed themselves. (See page 248.) 2. A Methodist Bishop in North India says that with sufficient Christian teachers and equipment, in six years two million low caste people can be won to Christ. Will the Church hold back? (See page 250.) 3. On a mission demonstration farm, twenty-five bushels of wheat is being raised per acre, while adjoining native farms in India produce only six or eight bushels per acre. (See page 235.) 4. The wives of some French pastors who are at the front are carrying on an their work, and even preaching the sermons. (See page 26r.) 5. Natives on the Zambesi in South Africa have undertaken to pay the salaries of the French mission schoolmasters this year, rather than have the schools closed. (See page 266.) 6. The British Government has shown its estimate of missionary work by asking the American Baptist Mission in South India to take charge of professional criminals in a camp. These men and women are now being transformed into law-abiding citizens, and crime has decreased 75 per cent. in the vicinity of the camp. (See page 261.) 7. The missionaries are proving to be the only helpers of thousands of Persian Christians who have fled in distress at the approach of the Turks and Kurds who have invaded and destroyed their homes. (See page 268.) 8. A monthly Christian magazine is being regularly circulated in six hundred non-Christian schools in Japan. (See page 242.) 9. A most remarkable series of evangelical campaigns have recently been conducted in American preparatory schools and universities by Dr. John R. Mott, Mr. Sherwood Eddy, and others. Thousands of students have yielded to Christ. (See page 246.) IO. Chinese Presbyterians in Fukien province take up an annual collection for the evangelization of the Jews. (See page 301.) r I. A student in Peking has been so imprest by the value of the New Testament that he has purchased over five thousand copies to send to his friends. (See page 302.) 12. The thirty evangelical denominations enrolled in the Federal Council show more than two-thirds of the total increase of membership last year in the religious bodies of the United States. (See page 3I2.) 13. A silver lining to the war cloud is seen by French Christians in the trenches when they look upon their present experiences as a preparation for the future hardships of missionary work. (See page 265.) (See sketch opposite page 247, and article, pages 247·254) ISSI E IE OF· THE WORLD Vol. XXXVIII, No.4 APRIL, 1915 Vol. XXVIII, No.4 Old Series New Series mSIG AA LAYMEN'S MOVEMENT IN INDIA vately and at conferences that they NEvV movement of great prom- may teach others. At summer- ise for the development of the schools they discuss harmful cus- Indian Church has been begun in the toms, such as child-marriage, marcountry around Delhi among the riage debts, heathen ceremonies at chaudharis-headmen of villages in- birth, marriage, and death. They act habited by persons belonging. to the as arbitrators in quarrels, and in same caste. This is a laymen's move- many cases the chaudharis of difment, which attempts to promote ferent districts unite to discuss wider Christianity by entrusting to these church interests. chaudharis the self-support and selfpropagation of the little native PROSPECTS OF CHRISTIANITY IN churches. The headmen go with the preachers and teachers to neighbor- A JAPAN ing villages, and give their Christian VALUABLE conference of Fedtestimony, to which their official po- erated Missions met in Tokyo sition gives added weight. They un- on January fifth and sixth. There dertake to raise the money for the were many encouragements in all support of their preachers, and try departments of the work, but the great difficulty is that the men £0 induce those in their village to des- needed to occupy vacant fields are not forthcoming. troy idol shrines and receive baptisJ;11., These headmen seem to feel The Evangelistic Committee rea personal responsibility for the in- ported that the Three Years' Camstruction and spiritual progress of paign has met with unprecedented their constituencies, and study pri- response, in spite of the national ,Tho e<litors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in ·the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by con· tributors (If signed articles in these pages,-EDITORS. .

mourning and the war. The four sympathy with Christianity, was reseries of meetings held in the West- cently discharged, and a Christian ern District were attended by about employed in his place. The chief 75,000 people, and over 1,500 were reason for the employment of forenrolled as inquirers. These figures eign teachers is for the sake of their do not take into account the follow- Christian influence. up meetings. Missionaries in Japan write that The campaign has deepened con- if President Wilson succeeds in fidence among Christians as to the securing equal treatment for Japansure progress of the cause of Christ ese and all other foreigners in Caliin Japan. Faith and life have been fornia and other parts of America strengthened and the impulse to the work of evangelizing Japan will spread Scriptural teaching has been enter upon a new era. greatly quickened. Many have been brought into the churches and the JAPANESE DEMANDS ON CHINA Christian opportunity in Japan is greater than ever before. THOSE who remember the domi- neering and often degenerate con- There are still two years and more before the plans will have been duct of some Japanese when they took carried out to reach the whole of over 'Korea are naturally disturbed at the land with the message of sal- the high-handed demands they have vation. recently made on the Government of China. They seem determined to use An English teacher in a govern- the present opportunity offered by ment school at Kyoto has been very the European war, their alliance with active and successful in securing en- three great nations, and their occutrance for Christian literature in the pation of Kiao-Chau, to press the public schools; and through his Chinese Government to grant certain efforts SIX hundred non-Christian concessions. These concessions, if schools are now being regularly sup- granted, will give them unusual priviplied with a monthly publication leges, and will make Japan so which is being specially prepared to powerful a force in China's domestic teach the doctrines of Christianity in and foreign affairs that America and a plain and simple form. The cir- Europe look on the situation with culation for one month recently was misglVl11gS. These demands are re- 32,000 copies. ported to include the following: The first Christian service, with No part of the Chinese coast and no prayer and singing, ever held in island off the coast is to be ceded or the Imperial University in Tokyo leased to any foreign Power. was on the 5th of December, when Rev. Mr. Ebina spoke to 260 men, Japan shall have exclusive mining in the large lecture hall, on "Import- rights in Eastern Mongolia and the right ant Elements in Modern Christian- of veto regarding the construction of ity." railways there.

At the Keio Gijuku, another uni- The Japanese shall be allowed to settle versity in Tokyo, with a wide in- and trade in Manchuria and Eastern fluence, an American teacher, not in Mongolia.

The lease of Port Arthur and the agreement in regard to the South Man

19I 5J SIGNS OF THE TIMES

churia Railway be extended to 99 years. Japan wishes to be recognized as in China shall transfer to Japan an Ger- any sense a civilized nation, the home government must see to it that miliman mining and railway privileges at tary as well as civil representatives Shantung. are compelled to refrain from bar- barous acts in territory under their Japan shall have the veto of mining, control. railway, and dock concessions at Fukien. What wili be the ultimate answer Japan shall, in cooperation with China, to these Japanese demands is not yet control the Hanyang iron-works, Teian known, and what may be the result iron mines, and Ping-siang collieries. of acquiescence can not be predicted. This is, however, a time to pray that China shan purchase at least half of the great republic, which is apparits arms and ammunitions from Japan, or ently earnestly seeking the Light, else arsenals under Chino-Japanese own- may be guided so that the progress ership shan be erected in China. of the Kingdom of God may not be hindered. Japan shall be granted the right to build and construct railways from Nan- SOME EFFECTS OF THE WAR chang to Hangchow, from Nanchang to Kiukiang, and from Nanchang to Wu- WHILE it is stilI too early to chang. predict or discover the full ef- In case of necessity China must can fects of the war on missionary work on Japan alone to preserve its integrity. at the home base or in non-Christian lands, there are many indications In appointing foreign officials to mili- that some fears have not been realtary, financial, and police services, China ized. Missionary societies at home shall give precedence to Japanese. are calling for advance-not retreat, and many churches are nobly re- Privileges such as are enjoyed by sponding. The widespread sufferother nations regarding the establish- ing and death are sobering men and ment of missions, churches, schools, and women in America and Europe. Inhospitals, and the purchase of land in telligent non-Christians are also connection therewith, shall be granted learning by this struggle to distinto Japanese. guish between real and nominal Christianity, between so-called civi- In spite of Japan's intimation that lized nations and the true followers the land taken from Germany would of Christ, between the failure of be restored to China, there seems lit- Europe to apply the principles of tle probability of such a course being Jesus and the success of Christ and followed. Possibly this territory will His Gospel when translated into life. be held to enforce the recent de- The war hinders some, but has not mands. put a stop to the evangelistic cam- paigns in China, or Japan, or Korea. Word received from the vicinity of F rom India missionaries write of in- Tsing-tao indicates that Japanese creased opportunity for work, hinthere have conducted themselves in dered only by the paucity of their reanything but a civilized manner. The Shantung railway has been confiscated and signs posted along each side: "Chinese Jurisdiction Stops Here." Even American mISSIOn premises have been looted and property ruthlessly destroyed. Women have been insulted, and men who protested have been threatened. If

sources. India's enthusiastic support work is being carried on in the mobil- of Great Britain in the war has made ization camps, hospitals, and among the approach of missionaries to Hin- the prisoners of war.

dus and Mohammedans easier than before-especially if they can give WOMEN AND THE WORLD'S PEACE any news of the war. Financial con- THE Federation of Women's For- ditions in Great Britain and America eign Missionary Societies and the have cut off capital expenditure, both Council of Women for Home Mis- on the part of the societies and the sions have, through their joint com- Government, and have stopt many mittee, heartily endorsed the plan for schemes for advance, notably in edu- prayer and peace propaganda through cational institutions. women's missionary societies. Arti- The greatest danger seems to be cles will appear in the women's mis- that the war will so divert attention sionary magazines, and other litera- and prayer, men and money, that the ture is being prepared. A "Pageant opportunities in China and India, in of Peace" is to be issued by the Cen- Japan and Africa, will be allowed to tral Committee on the United Study pass. Those who are praying and of Missions, and it is hoped that this watching for God's open doors will pageant, illustrating Christian ideals not hold back from entering, even at of peace, may be given in every town great cost. and village on Memorial Day; May Dr. Mott, in his impressive report 30th.

on conditions in Europe, refers to The various members of the cen- the earnestness which characterizes tral Advisory· Commission of Wo- all the warring nations, especially men's Boards have sent out the fol- Great Britain, France, and Germany. lowing statement: Before he went to the Continent he "We are suffering to-day not only was told "You will not find a selfish in our sympathies with those who are man in Europe," and he declares that involved in the awful war in Europe, this was borne out by his experience. but in the terror that to us, also, may Men and women everywhere seemed come as suddenly the horror of war.

to forget themselves and their own The strongest, most stable govern~ comfort and convenience in their sac- ments have collapsed, and the closest rifices for their country and in the human relations have broken down, struggle for the success of the cause while neutral nations and statesmen in which they are engaged. Fifty per stand powerless to aid.

cent. of the pastors in France and "Women have found relief in knit- Germany are in the armies, and 60 ting muffiers, as did their grand- per cent. of the university students mothers, but is there nothing that of Great Britain are among the Brit- women can do really to help bring ish volunteers. Great opportunities and preserve peace? Have they are offered for Christian work among learned nothing in fifty years of the the soldiers who are face to face power of organized womanhood? Is with death. Millions of copies of the there no place for our great women's Bible and Testaments are being dis- missionary societies to fill in this tributed, and. successful evangelistic crisis?

OF THE TIMES

"It was just after our own civil not already come, may come speedily war, when our country was poor and and abide. This war has often made weak and not fully united, that God it seem almost inconsistent to preach called the Christian women of Amer- a gospel of peace, and yet we need ica to carry His message of peace to more than ever before to emphasize the nations, and women's foreign mis- the fact that we are ambassadors of sionary societies were born. To-day, the Prince of Peace. This is an in- there are forty such societies, with a ternational peace movement to bring chain of peace stations extending together all Christian women who around the world. Foreign missions, will encircle the globe with prayers for being interpreted, are just inter- the exercise of Christian brotherli- national friendliness and world-neigh- ness.

borliness, based on the love and CLOSING IN ON TURKEY teaching of the World Savior. States- men and pacificists tell us of new THE seriousness of the situation plans and international laws which for Christians in the Turkish Em- will make war impossible. Poets have pire calls for the earnest, united long sung of a 'Federation of the prayer of those who dwell in security World.' God grant it. Yet while at home. British and French subjects we have sympathy with every honest have mostly been driven from Pales- effort for better legislation for world tine, Syria, Constantinople, and much peace, we know in our hearts that it of Asia Minor. There has been great will fail unless back of human poli- suffering among the native popUla- cies are the ideals and the power of tions and the American missionaries Jesus Christ. who remained have found difficulty "We do not propose to enter into the in obtaining the needed funds to sup- political side of the question, but will port their life and work. Jews and confine our efforts to a peace propa- Christians in some districts of Syria ganda based on the teaching and have endured insults and oppression spirit of Jesus. We submit no elab- at the hands of their Moslem neigh- orate program, but we will endeavor bors and rulers. Still the American to enlist individuals and societies for missionaries in European Turkey and intercession. We will teach the chil- Asia Minor continue work without dren in our homes and churches abatement. Many refer to unusually Christian ideals of peac~ and hero- cordial relations with Turkish offi- ism. We will study the New Testa- cials. This was before the allied ment and accept its teachings con- fleets began to force the Dardanelles cerning peace. We will endeavor to in order that they might capture Con- promote the understanding and friend- stantinople. This aggressive move- liness of the nations by thinking of ment may put Christians and for- none as alien, but all as children of eigners in a precarious situation.

our Heavenly Father." Already practically all the Ameri- All missionaries and others are can missionaries have left Palestine asked to make July 4th a day of and report great suffering on the part prayer rather than a celebration of of Jews and Christians. We do not vIctory-prayer that peace, if it has anticipate any general massacres, but

in case the Turkish rulers lose entire Convention in Kansas City in Decem- control of the situation mobs are apt ber, 1913, and fifty-five delegates at to break loose and work their wicked the Geneva Student Conference last will. There is some danger of blood- summer gave the nucleus about which shed in Constantinople, Smyrna, Bei- the whole campaign organized, and rut, and Damascus, hut we do not be- extensive preparations, including lieve that this will take the form of much emphasis on prayer, had been a massacre of Christians. In Con- made. As a result, nearly five hun- stantinople, for instance, the Chris- dred men decided for Christ, and the tians are almost as numerous as Mo- action taken by the university ath- hammedans, and would defend them- letes indicates the moral forces selves. No desired end would be which were set in motion by the achieved by killing the Christians, campaign. A series of resolutions and a large proportion of the Turks concerning such matters of student are opposed to the present party in conduct as betting at games, drunk- power and to their German allies. If enness among students, and pro- an internal revolution occurs, it is fanity, were drawn up and adopted.

likely to take the form of an attempt Dr. John R. Mott, Mr. Sherwood to overthrow the present government Eddy, C. D. Hurry, D. R. Porter, rather than an outbreak against and others have also been conducting Christians. It would be, however, in the most successful series of evan- harmony with the firm belief of Mos- gelistic meetings in preparatory lems in kismet (fate) if, when they schools and colleges that America has see that their cause is lost, they ever seen. In the Universities of should take flight across the Bos- Toronto, of Kansas, and of North porus into Asia. Carolina large audiences have gath- In case the Allies storm Constan- ered, and hundreds have signed cards tinople, there is, naturally, danger to to indicate their decision to follow all who remain in the city; but we Christ or to more thoroughly conse- believe that God, who has so often crate their lives to Him.

interposed to protect His people, will The recent evangelistic meetings in now care for them and will direct Yale University were said to be the the affairs of His Kingdom to vic- most remarkable ever held there.

tory. This is a time to trust and pray. Hundreds of students in Sheffield Scientific School and other depart- A UNIVERSITY EVANGEUSM ments indicated their purpose to ac- MERICAN Christians have been cept Christ. Another notable revival thrilled by the accounts of the is reported from Penn State College, thousands of students who attended where about one hundred and fifty Mr. Eddy's evangelistic meetings in Christian workers joined in the cam- China, but the Spirit of God has paign. Meanwhile, Evangelist "Billy"

been at work among the students of Sunday continues to stir Philadelphia, America as well. In the five days' including students at the University campaign at the University of Michi- of Pennsylvania, and other educa- gan, the student audiences averaged tional institutions of the city. Surely about five thousand a day. Sixty God is moving among His. people delegates at the Student Volunteer and is turning their hearts to Him. April 1st-The Iooth anniversary of the birth of Villiam C. Burns, 1815. 6th to lIth-Hebrew Christian Conference, New York. 10th-Centennial of birth of John Geddie-Miss. to New Hebrides.

May 5th to lIth-National Y. W. C. A. Convention, Los Angeles, Cal. 8th to I3th–Lutheran's (G.S.) Woman's Missionary Convention, Omaha, Neb. 12th to 17th-Southern Baptist Convention, Houston, Texas. 19th-Presbyterian United Movement Conference, Rochester, N. Y. 19th to 26th-Northern Baptist Convention, Los Angeles, Cal. 20th to 29th-General Assembly Presby. Ch., U. S. A., Newport News, Va. 20th to 30th-General Assembly Presby. Ch., U. S. A., Rochester, N. Y. 20th-The 225th anniversary of the death of John Eliot, 1690. 29th-The 100th anniversary of the Basel Missionary Society, 1815. 31st to June 4th-Women's Summer School of Missions, Los Angeles, Cal.

June 1St to 7th-Women's Summer School of Missions, Oklahoma City. 3rd to 13th-Women's Summer School of Missions, Denton, Texas. 4th-The 50th anniversary of the birth of George L. Pilkington, 1865.

4th to I4th-Y. W. C. A. Student Conference, Blue Ridge, N. C. 6th to I3th-Woman's Congress of Missions, San Francisco, Calif. 8th to I4th-Women's Summer School of Missions, Duluth, Minn. 16th to 22nd-Women's Summer School of Missions, St. Paul, Minn. 18th to 28th-Y. W. C. A. Student Conference, Silver Bay, N. Y. 23rd to 27th-International Missionary Union, Clifton Springs, N. Y. 24th to July Ist-Wornen's Summer School of Missions, Winona Lake, Ind. 24th to July 4th-Women's Summer School of Missions, Blue Ridge, N. C. 25th to July 5th-Y. TV. C. A. Student Conference, Eagles Mere, Pa. 25th-Jubilee of the China Inland Mission, founded 1865. 25th to July 4th-Missionary Education M ovt. Conf., Blue Ridge, N. C. 30th-The 600th anniversary of the Martyrdom of Raymond Lull, 1315 July 2nd to IIth-Missionary Education Movement Conf., Asilomar, Cal. 6th-Five hundredth anniversary of the Martyrdom of John Hus. 6th to 9th-International Congress on Alcoholism, Atlantic City, N. J. 6th to 13th-vVomen's Summer School of Missions, Boulder, Colo. 7th to 12th-Fifth World Christian Endeavor Convention, Chicago, Ill. 8th to 15th-il/ornen's Summer School of Missions, E. Northfield, Mass. 9th-The 75th anniversary of Martyrdom of Christians in Madagascar. 9th to I8th-Women's Summer School of Missions, Silver Bay, N. Y. 9th to 18th-Missionary Education Movement Conf., Silver Bay, N. Y.

A Farming Missionary in

SAM HlGGINBOTTOM-A PRINCETON MAN IN ALLAHABAD* Sam Higginbottom was born in Vales. As a boy he cared little for study, so that at twelve he left school to work on his father's farm. He did not want to be a preacher, but liked life in the open, and loved animals. When he was sixteen two ladies gave him a Bible which he decided to read, and through its pages he heard God calling him to preach. For this he must have an education, and as he was too old for the schools in Vales, his thoughts turned to lfount Hermon school in America, where his half-brother had studied. After some delay, his father consented, and Sam left for America in August, r894.

Four years at Mount Hermon; two at Amherst; two at Princetonwhat next? Three years in the seminary, then some foreign field, Higginbottom thought. India, 11OW, God said.

One afternoon in the Y. M. C. A. at Trenton, N. J., he met Henry Forn1an of India, and unexpectedly rode with him to Lawrenceville, five or six miles by trolley. As a result, Sam agreed to go to India at once, if the Presbyterian Board would send him without theological training.

He went, and in India fonnd a double work. The new man was expected to look after the Blind Asylum and the Leper Asylum, but when he saw the broken-down mud-huts filled with poor lepers in all stages of the loathsome disease, Sam Higginbottom made up his mind to refuse to do this work.

As they were leaving the place he saw lying on the ground near a tree a leper covered with flies, which he had neither ambition or strength to drive from him. Then God spoke to Higginbottom, and he remembered that this leper was a brother for whom his Master had died.

The young missionary agreed to accept the oversight of the Leper Asylum, and went. to work to improve conditions. Now, in place of the broken-down huts, there are neat homes and new buildings, a children's home, and a chapel. Instead of five Christians, more than half out of a total of over three hundred lepers have taken Christ as their Lord and Savior.

In Ewing Christian College, Allahabad, he has established a model farm where boys are trained to self-support. This farm is known alI over India. Governors and native Rajahs send to inspect it, and Mr. Higginbottom is in great demand to explain the improved system of agriculture that will help to redeem India from the curse of grinding poverty and will enable the growing Christian Church to become self-supporting. (See article on page 247.) * From a sketch by Miss Belle M. Brain in The Sunday-School Times.

INDIA FROM

Professor Sam Higginb<>ltom with students and faculty of the Agricultural Department of Ewing Christian College, Allahabad, India The Gospel of the Plow In India AGRICULTURAL MISSION WORK IN EWING CHRISTIAN COLLEGE BY PROF. SAM. HIGGINBOTTOM, ALLAHABAD, INDIA Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, Professor of Agriculture in the Ewing Christian College, and Supel"intendent of the Leper Asylum WELVE years ago, books were English and American, and the illustrations for economic mT while I was a student truths were very difficult for Indian at Princeton Univer- students to grasp. In order to bring sity, I received what I the theories into relation to the stu- believe to be a call of dent's own experience I used to take God to go as an unor- groups of them out on the frequent dained missionary to the lower caste holidays to the railway workshops, peoples of India. brick-kilns, jails, and villages, m search of economic illustrations. When I reached the field my brethren of the mission said : "We are very Certain facts soon forced themselves glad, indeed, that you came out for upon my attention. One of these this low caste work, but just now we facts was that India is a land of ,one need a man to teach in the college, so occupation, namely, farming. Eighty you would better go there." In a per cent. of its people get their livmission institution, they seldom ask a ing out of the soil, and I believe that man what he can teach, but look India will forever remain, primarily, around to see what is needed, and an agricultural country. They have a then tell him to go and teach it. They growing season twelve months in the gave me Economics," a subject that I year, so that with proper cultivation knew very little about. T~e text-

of the soil, rotation of crops, and ir- ers usually think they know all about rigation, the land need never be idle. that condition. When I was work- ing my way through Princeton, dur- From the first of October to the ing freshman year, I did my own middle of March the weather in north cooking, and lived at the rate of India is perfectly delightful. After eighty cents to a dollar a week. I that it begins to warm up a bit. Dur- used to feel sorry for myself, and ing May and June the shade tempera- feared that there was danger that I tures run anywhere from I IO to 120; would permanently injure my health, the sun temperature is between 165 and yet my physical appearance does and 180. We call this the hot weather. not indicate that I ever suffered People occasionally ask what I do much. The kind of poverty expe- during this extremely hot weather, rienced in America is of a different and I say that if by night I find my- type from the poverty of India. The self alive I consider I have done a poverty there is degrading and de- 'pretty good day's work; that is about basing; it is life-destroying. It robs all that you can expect in that ex- manhood, womanhood, and childtremely hot weather. About July 1st hood of all that is best. More people the monsoon bursts, and during the succeeding three months we usually wiII lie 'down hungry to-night in Inget as much rain as falls in America during a whole twelve months. Dur- dia . than live in all North Ameri<;a. ing the rainy season the humidity is More than one-third of that great so great that shoes which you took population of 315,000,000 n eve r off at night have a coat of lovely know, from the cradle to the grave, mold in the morning. A moldy Bible what it is to have enough to eat. does not mean at all that the owner Over 100,000,000 of them live at the has not consulted that sacred book rate of one cent a day per capita. for that day; it simply means that Grown men come to me and say: "I it has not been wiped off that morn- would not care if I could get one ing. During the rains one generally good meal in two days." A good has prickly heat, not only all the time meal to these. people means only but also pretty much all over. The re- bread made ,from coarser grains, sult of these discomforts is that the which, if we should attempt to eat, same attention is not given to the mill would. mal<;e U!3 f~el that our 'digesand faetory that there would be in a tive apparatus is not designed for more temperate dime. Every industrr that kind of food. Yet these men that depends for its conduct upon the say, "If I could get all of that bread mill and factory system has great I want once in two days I would be difficulty in getting the sufficient satisfied." amount of labor, even in a country teeming with people. The superintendent of banks for the· Rajah of Benares, a Hindu gen- Poverty of India tleman, told me that I had no con- ception of the suffering 'and poverty Another fact that I learned in my of the Indian villages. If you were visits to the villages was that India to visit anyone of ,the numerous vilis a land of extreme poverty. Preach- lages of the Ganges valley, and could persuade the ·people of some

GOSPEL OF THE PLOW IN INDIA

house to bring out all their household .made unclean. If the B'rahman is furniture, wearing apparel, cooking cooking dinner and the shadow of a utensils, personal effects, agricul- low caste man falls upon the food, it tural implements-all their worldly must be thrown away; it has been goods-you could buy the whole out- made unfit for his consumption. fit new in the village bazaar for less The best way to see Benares is to than five dollars. These people have float down the river in a boat, and as no capital, and things which we re- you do this you notice several places gard as absolute necessities have not from which smoke is ascending. This yet dawned upon their horizon as means there is a cremation of dead possibilities. There is no magic in bodies at the burning· ghats. These THE OLD AND THE NEW WAY OF THRESHING IN INDIA Threshing by oxen costs 50 cents a hundred pounds, and the result is grain mixed with dung and dirt. Threshing by machinery is quick and clean, and costs only 6 cents a hundred pound.

the transmutation of an American places are kept clean by low class penny into a gold penny in India. peoples, and when a fresh corpse is Every commodity that the Indian about to be brought in they must uses is a commodity in a world mar- leave, as their presence would polket for which world-market prices' lute even the dead. must be paid. Before I went out to India, I had Of the 100,000,000 or more people no idea that anywhere on earth any in India, who are so poor, about considerable body of men and wo- 60,000,000 are known to us as out- men, as a regular, normal thing, castes. The Brahman speaks of them would eat carrion. In the second by the very suggestive phrase, "un- book of Kings, the sixth chapter, we touchables." If the shadow of a low read that men and women did what caste man fall upon a Brahman, he would be normally repugnant and must take a bath, for he has been loathsome to them. Their ~xqtse Wall

the army of Benhadad at. the gate. erally by tens of thousands. The The Chamars, the great leather- Bishop of Madras says with a suffiworking caste in north India, regard cient force of teachers in south Inas their choicest perquisite the cattle dia IO,OOO,OOO of these folk could be that die of disease; the Dam re- gathered into the Christian fold in gards any dog he is lucky enough to one generation. A Methodist bishop hit over the head or that he finds in north India says that in six years, dead by the roadside, as a good din- with sufficient teachers and equipner. These are not the kind of peo- ment, 2,000,000 of these people ple you would like in your drawing- can be won to Christ. There are rooms. They are often disgustingly districts in north India where there filthy; their habits do not make them are 40,000 people 011 a waiting-li5t of attractive. The upper caste man says the missions, and there are individual to these low caste people : "You were churches with from I ,500 to 2,000 born down in a horrible pit, amid the people waiting to be admitted. We miry clay; that is your fate; it's the are compelled to say to these people, will of God for you, and you were "Vait a bit, -do not come quite so 110t only born there, but you are to fast, for we can not take care of stay there. It is inconceivable that you." you should ever get out of that position, because God put you there." Once, when I was riding on the train in north India, I noticed on ThE! Gospel for the Poor each side of the track one great beautiful, sun-kissed wheat field, ripe, The Christian missionary comes and ready for the harvest. As the along, and looks down into this aw- wind rippled through this ripened ftilmess, and says: grain, I noticed that a lot of it was shaken out, and, falling to the "Have you not heard that there ground, was lost. There is something was One who came to seek and to peculiarly pathetic about the losing save just such as you are? Do you of a harvest. Men do not plow for not know that there is One whose fun. They do not put their seed arm is not shortened that it can not into ,the ground just to bury it and save? He can reach down and take get rid of it. They do not weed and you out of ·that horrible pit, and set water and watch day and night just your feet upon a rock, and put a for the sake of having something to new song in your mouth." occupy their time. Men go through all the dull, dreary drudgery of plow- This low caste man, almost brother ing, through all the painful toil, to ·the beast, turns his face toward buoyed up by the glad hope of the the light, and says, "Is it really coming harvest. true? Is there a way out for me?" As I look out over this great God- "That is the good news," says the ward tide of humanity in north In- Christian missionary, "there is a way dia, th~ greatest stream of humanity Qut for you." at one time ever seen headed toward , And. these' people are coming to the Kingdom of God, I think about Christ to-day, not bY' tens or hun- the prophets and the apostles. I dredsQr even by thousands, but lit-

GOSPEL OF THE PLOW IN I

sian work in India are problems not of failure but of success.

.N INDIA N MOWING-MA CIllNE Rice Christiana If this ma n wastes no time he can cut eno ugh gra"s r occasionally meet people' who in one day to feed one horse. A modern mowing- say, "Oh, yes, we have been in India. machin e can c ut s (.! verai tons in the sa me tim e We have seen the kind of people you persuade to come into the Christhink of our Lord Himself, going tian Church by holding out to them promises of material gain. They through the cities and villages, teach- have come for the loaves and the fi shes. They are rice-Christians. I ing in the synagogs, heal ing all man- ans wer, "Yes, all yo u say is true. These people have come to Christ for ner of sickness and disease; and what they can get out of Him, and which one o f you who has really when he saw the multitudes scat- come to Him, feels that you got nothing out of coming? I confess tered abroad, the sheep having no th at . Illy conve rsion means a com- plete right-about-turn in my Ii fe. shepherd, He said to His disciples, The old was put away, all things be- came new, and all that I am, and all "The harvest truly is plenteous, but that I have, and all that I hope to be, I received when I came to Jesus the laborers are few. Pray ye there- Christ. I have always thought that fore the Lord of the harvest that He r got someth ing well worth having."

thru st forth laborel-s into His har- Vben we consider the unworthy Illotives with which some of us have vest." I have an idea that when come in the Kingdom-many a man Jesu s asked His disciples to pray (Pho tQ by Prof. Vi viCl/l:.) l N DIAN METHOD OF DEEP 'flL ….. NG this prayer He had in mind that th ey This is th eir only method and costs 10 cents a IOU should seek to answer it. . square feet. An American plow can do the work Think of the great company of better at 1 per cent. of the cost men and women who since our Lord's day have gone forth, not counting their own lives clear unto themselves, most of them I a y in g down their lives, like the sainted Henry Martyn, without seeing a sin- gle convert Those of ll S who li ve to-day are given the privilege of reaping the fruits of their labor. To- day is the great day of Christian op- portunity in India. If we neglect it, to-niorrow will be the day 'of our great despair. The problems of mis-

BREAKING UP THE SOIL WITH AN AMERICAN PLOW The first year this plow requires ten oxen, but it makes deep furrows and so helps to conserve the moisture and increase fertility, . The second year onIy four oxen are necessary has joined the Church to improve in such full measure as ours by right. his business, many a woman to get vVe forget that every good and every into a better social set-is it right to perfect gift cometh down from God. judge harshly these who have come from so low down? It is not the Why should our Lord have insertmotive which leads a man or a wo- ed so materialistic a petition in the man to come to Jesus Christ that prayer which He taught His disreally matters, but it is the motive ciples? Our daily bread comes to us that leads him or her to stay. God so easily, our tables are so heavily Almighty is raising up to Himself laden. We suffer so much from indiout of these despised people a body gestion and over-eating that it is of believers for whom no one on hard for us to understand that it is earth need apologize. In their' spirit really necessary for any to pray, of sacrifice, they are not behind any "Lord, give us this day our daily Christians on earth. bread." Yet it is a fact of history, let alone religion, that only those peo- In consulting the literature on this ples who pray that prayer seem to subject, have you ever run across the have had it fully answered. The great phrase, "rice-Hindu" or "rice-Mo- famines have been in the non-Chrishammedan"? I never have. Does tian world. So the term "rice-Chrisnot this indicate that neither Hindu- tian" is perhaps a crown of glory ism nor Mohammedanism have any- upon the head of our Lord, for the thing to spare? Noone is accused religion that He brought into the of taking up those faiths for what world has enough in it to spare for they can get out of them. We take the last lost son or daughter of God the blessings that Christ brought and man even to the uttermost parts into the world, and which we enjoy of the earth.

GospEL OF THE PLOW IN INDIA

Starting an Agricultural Minion After discussing the matter thor- oughly the mission voted unanimous- When I learned ~hat India was ly to send me home to study agriculthe lanq of such extreme poverty ture, to secure men to help, and to and of one occupation, I went to raise funds to carryon agricultural certain missionary educators and to work. I came home and studied, government officials, and I said, "If government and missions are justi- and friends gave us $25,000 and two fied in any kind of education, are they not justified in that kind of edu- men. In the meantime, Dr. Arthur cation which most directly concerns Ewing was working hard in India, the great majority of the people of In- and, with the help of the government, dia? Should we not teach these people how to get more out of their soil?" secured a farm of 275 acres. The They replied that it was too difficult, too expensive. The people of India money paid for the farm, built catare so unteachable that it would tle barns, bought stock and American never do. No one said that the thing implements, so that we are fairly was wrong. It is a new idea of well equipped with a demonstration Christianity to me that shrinks from farm. doing the right thing because it is difficult or big. Are not the great As soon as we began work a numtriumphs of our faith due to the fact ber of Christian boys came and said; that God takes the weak things of the world to confot1nd the mighty? "Sir, we would like to study agri- culture."

"I am very sorry," I replied, "but we have no dormitories, no labora- tories; we can not take you in."

"But you have this good American A NATIVE INDIAN PLOW SCRATCHING THE SURFACE This plow can never do good work, and is strong enough to be used only where the ground is moist and comparatively soft

machinery," they said, "and we have shed, so that finally we had to say, heard that in America boys work "No more." their way through college. Could we not do that here?" When I was' a student at Mount Hermon school, D. L. Moody used This struck a tender chord in l11e, to come back from his great evanbecause I had had the fun of work- gelistic campaigns, and would tell tiS ing my way through college; so I ar- of the dudes, the walking cIothes- racks, the men who if they rolled ranged to give each boy about $2.50 their own cigarets were suffering from physical exhaustion. This type a month as a scholarship. They did not appeal to him, and he told us chose a shady tree as kitchen and that he wanted his Mount Hermon dining-room, another as bedroom, boys to be able to do things in this world, to be Minute Men, to be able to eat soup with a one-tined fork, and to sleep on a hay-mow. These boys in I n d i a would make Mr. Moody's heart glad, because, in spite of discouragement and difficulties, they stuck to their jobs.

GROWN ON THE MISSION FAJl.M Are Famines Preventable?

Tith improved methods of cultivation these crops Two questions arise in the mind are produced 30 tons to the acre of every thoughtful student of India, one is, "Are the famines, which have . and during the cold weather and the can sed stich untold economic suffer- hot weather they got along very well. ing and loss in India, preventable?" But when the rains came they would One of the editors of The Christian need a roof over their heads, or they Herald told me that his paper had would be sick. I was very much collected and sent out over $4,000,- worried as to what to do, but when 000 to heip the famine victims of In- the rains came, they simply picked up dia. Fifteen dollars a year is con- their little string and bamboo beds, sidered sufficient to feed, clothe, and went over to the cattle-shed, and educate one of' these famine or- said to the oxen, "Get up there and phans. It is not really enough, but let us in." I have since learned that it has kept alive thousands, and has there is a limit even to the number of done immeasurable good. If this boys you can crowd into a cattle- same amount of money were spent in famine prevention, I believe that all of the famines of India could be pre- vented. It means better tools, for the implements of the Indian farmer are so inefficient that he sits in helpless inactivity whenever conditions are not favorable to his methods. Also, he must have his power guaranteed,

GOSPEL OF THE PLOW I N I NDI A

and his power comes from oxen. What a Financial Canvaaa Reveal. These animals are always the first to suffer in a famine. The introduction Let us imagine ourselves in one of of the silo into India, so that they those little Indian villages, where, can be filled in years of plenty, will during the last years we have had enable us to do for h~dia what Jo- five hundred new converts. This seph did in the years of plenty in large .number makes necessary an en- Egypt to prepare for the lean years. largement of the church building.

The other question is this : We all A },fISSION CROP Or' SORGUM VULGARE IN JNDIA recognize that the missionary enterprise is temporary. The day is com- With native methods of agriculture tbe Indian ing when all shall know the Lord, fa nner raises less than 4 tons to the acre. Across and when this glad day comes in In- the road the mission farlll, by American methods, dia, what will we leave behind us as raises 30 tOllS to the acre. Some of this sorgum a result of Christian endeavor ? If vulgare grows 17 feet high. On the native farm it it is a weak, wobbly little church, that can totter along only so . long as gro ws on}y 2 to 3 feet. high it is subsidized by the gifts of American and European Christians, will In our present church the walls are the enterprise really be successfui? I about eight feet high, and are built think not. Our minimum standard of solid mud. The ladies of the must be a self-supporting, self-pro- congregation have taken some cowc pagating church. How is this to be dung and clay, mixed these with brougllt about among people so water, and have plastered the walls poor ? We must improve the eco- with them. The hot sunshine has nomIc condition or a sel f-sup- dried them into a lovely brown; The porting church is not within the range of possibility. Our work has, therefore, as one of its objects the development of a church that can pay its own pastors and teachers, build and equip its houses of wor~ ship, and meet the needs of its own community.

My Indian neighbors are ralsmg only six or eight bushels of wheat per acre, while on the mission farm we get from twenty-five to thirty bushels of wheat per acre. There is the same soil, with the same amount of sunshine and rain, the only difference being in the method of cultivation and in the seed chosen. Some may ask: "How is this related to a self-supporting church?"

roof is of nice, straight bamboos, way you pass by the whole com- with clean straw for a thatch. The munity.

buildings cost about twenty-five dol- N ow, if one of our Christian boys, lars. Now, before the new members trained on the mission farm, can go can be admitted, it must be enlarged. . among these people and teach them So we decide to have an every- how to raise even twenty bushels of member canvass. Of course, the wheat to the acre in place of six or only proper way to finance a church eight, we have immediately brought is to get every member of the con- within their range at least one good gregation to give systematically. meal a day for this village, and we These members are living at the have solved the problem of church giddy rate of one cent a day. We finance. If there is any other way go to our assignments and approach, to bring about a strong, self-support- first, a small clump of mud houses. ing church I will gladly try it.

One of the men of the family is Jesus said that on the Day of Judg- working in the fields. He is a mid- ment he would say to a very sur- dle-aged man with a wife and four prized group of people, "Come ye children. Times are pretty good, so blessed of my Father."

that he is getting about two dollars "Why, Lord, why are we blessed?"

a month. As we walk toward him, "You saw me hungry, and you we plan how much we shall ask him gave me to eat."

to give. Just then two of his little "No, Lord, we never saw you."

children-a small boy of about six "Yes," Jesus says, "when you and a tiny girl of about four-ran taught that little famine-curst village out to their father. It is very fool- to grow twenty bushels of wheat in ish to waste clothes on such little place of six or eight you were helpchildren in such a warm country, so ing to feed the hungry, and when they are simply drest in their birth- you taught those people how to grow day suits. This gives us a chance to three bales of cotton in place of one, see that instead of nice little fat, you were helping to clothe the plump legs they have two straight naked." sticks of bones. It is easy to count the ribs, because they are all in plain We do not read that Jesus went sight. Their little faces are pinched about only saying good thIngs ; He with hunger, and we see that they went about doing good. The work have never had sufficient nourishing that I am doing in India I do befood. You say to your team-mate, cause of my faith in Him. A gospel "If we take any money from that that begins with words and ends with man it means that those children are words is not the Gospel of the Son going to be still further robbed of of God. Unless His life in me drives food, and I haven't the nerve to my feet into paths of usefulness, and teaches my hands to do loving deeds, then I have something less than the countenance any such transaction. Gospel which He brought into the We will pass him by." In the same world.

A SETTLEMENT OF THE CRIMINAL CASTE IN NELLORE, SOUTH

Two hundred hulsl containing 600 men, women, and children are located ill the Erukala Settlement, just back of the Baptist Mission compound in Kavali Saving Criminals In South India BY MRS. DAVID DOWNIE, NELLORE, SOUTH INDIA Missionary of the American Daptist Foreign Mission Society CATTERED through- was called Cttttiiree vanoru, "scissors men," because they used to cut off mS out India are a num- ears with scissors in order to get the ber of criminal tribes, jewels. forming a sort of caste. They are professional The thieves strip and oil their bod- criminals because their ies, so that they can not easily be fathers and grandfathers were crimi- caught. They are, however, much nals before them,and they regard their afraid of firearms. crime not only as a legitimate means of existence, but even as a part of their The government of Madras decided religion. For many years thieving and that prevention is better than reformurder have been on the increase. In mation, and discovered that the peni- 1903, when taking a friend to a sta- tentiary does not reform the crimition sixty miles away, we traveled nal. For the protection of the public, in a dog-cart dr.aM'n by coolies. At the Criminal Tribes Act was passed, the back sat a man with a loaded requiring all the criminals in the coungun to keep away bandits. There try to be registered and segregated in was a dangerous pass, twenty miles settlements, where they could work in from Nellore, where Dacoits used the mica mines, be under police to spring out upon unwary travel- supervision, and receive favorable iners. As Indian men load their wo- struction. The Inspector-General men with jewelry, the thieves often asked that all the Erukalas (a tribe secured much loot. In our district, living entirely by thieving) registered one division of the thieving tribe for settlements in Madras province be located near the Kavali mission.

The people also decided that they pre- the Ne1lore district, was attracted to ferred the mission to the government the work, and he gave Mr. Bullard settlement, and in October, 19I2, the privilege of receiving 'asmany twenty-two families appeared at the as he desired. "1ithin six months mission compound and asked to be re- 62 families had come, comprising 200 ceived. At first the missionary did not people, and, later, these increased to know what to do, b11t realizing that at over 200 families, with 600 people. the government settlement they would A little hamlet of their own was have no religious instruction, Rev. built, situated on the mission land, near the bungalow, and there they OXE OF THE S ETTLE).{E~T HUTS lived in their own houses of mud and palmyra, arranged in straight, Edwin Bullard, the Baptist nl1Ssion- broad avenues. ary, allowed the families to camp 111 the back of the compound. The government gave the mission a hundred acres, beside fifty acres Thus the people were brought to of swamp land, which could be dethe mission doors, instead of the mis- veloped profitably. The settlement sionary going out to seek them. Gov- also received the leaves of 1,000 date ernment gave land for agricultural palms in a grove eleven miles away, purposes, and liberal grants of money and an equal number of palmyra for starting other industries, such as trees, which yield fiber for brushes. weaving, basket- and mat-making. The The government has ~also given Mr. people were encouraged to come to Bullard 200 rupees a month, and church, and the children were taken 5,000 rupees were given for the erecinto school and taught. Thus the tion of work-sheds and the purchase whole settlement received a great up- of looms. The agricultural departlift. ment specified 3,000 rupees for the purchase of an oil-engine and pump.. But the old thieving propensity Last year 15,000 rupees were prostill lies dormant, and tho there has vided for the extension of the work. been a decided decrease in, crime about the district in general, there is The settlement is a penal colony much petty thieving in the v~cinity of only in a slight degree. As long as the various settlements. the people b~have themselves they have all the advantages of free men. Soon after, the attention of Mr. At- There is, however, a roll-call three kinson, superintendent of police for times during day and twice at night, to make sure that none escape to commit crimes and depredations.

The training is thorough and prac- tical. A large number of men are kept at work daily, and a large firm in Madras has agreed to take all the fiber the settlement can furnish. There is also basket- and mat-weav- ing and clothing-making. Several looms have been installed, and many

SAVI;'IIG CRIMINALS IN SOUTH

of the people are becoming expert lustily, but when the teacher leads in weavers. The men belonging to the p ray e r every voice is instantly settlement are each paid two annas hushed . (about four cents) a day, and are dependent for the remainder of their The "Cathedral" of Kavali IS stlpport on the making of mats and built of blocks of laterite-a red, rope. porous clay-and roofed with thatch. The floor is of mud, and there is an Success in the religious work for abundance of ventilation. On the these people depends largely upon floor every Sunday may be seen old getting hold of the children, and, and young criminals seated in classes, through them, reaching the parents. being taught by Christian teachers WOMEN OF THE CRIMINAL CASTE AT THE KAVALl SETTLEMENT Every day the children are taught and preachers. Old women who forsimple Gospel truths, so that they merly went the rounds of the villearn to weave them into their play, lages, telling fortunes and planning singing Christian hymns to mark crime, sit quietly, happy to hear the time in their games. Gospel so long denied them. About forty of the children have been Sunday is the great day at Kavali. taken into the boarding-schools by In the infant class of the Sunday- Mrs. Bullard, to get them away from school nearly one hundred bright- the corrupt influence of their parents eyed, alert little boys and girls listen and to give them more thorough to the lesson as taught by Miss Bul- Christian teaching. lard. The children enter into everyt~ing with enthusiasm. They sing After a few months the: seed sown

began to bear fruit. Many exprest while at the government settlem.ent a desire to become Christians. One such cases were of frequent occurday four boys carne to the mission rence. and asked to be baptized. They were told that their parents might object, The government, realizing that the but they declared that it made no dif- Erukalas are becoming a changed ference, they would be baptized any people, prefers that the settlements way. be under mission influence, and has requested the Salvation Army and The change in the habits of these other missions in South India to unpeople has been wonderful. At the dertake the work. end of the first year of the work, crime had decreased 75 per cent. in The Erukalas as a class are above the region where the settlement is the average in intelligence. If the situated. In one large town, where right direction can be given to the there were formerly ISO known de- ability of these criminal peoples, in predators, crime had practically dis- future years there will go out from appeared. The deputy magistrate of among them skilled laborers ready to the district at the end of the first take their places in the industrial life year found his cases for trial re- of the nation; where before went duced from 200 to 60. Not one case thieves and murderers will go out was reported of a criminal I~aving preachers, teachers, and evangelists, carrying .the Gospel message to the the mission to return io the old life, uttermost borders of the empire.

WHY SHOULD EVERY CHURCH GIVE TO MISSIONS First. Because the Master commands. He said "Go," and every church must participate in the going or fail in its loyalty to Him.

Second. Because the money is greatly needed. The work is enlarging, the unentered fields are calling, the missionaries plead for funds for their work, and the decisive hour for Christianity in foreign fields has come.

Third. Because the churches need the partnership. The churches need to be saved as well as the heathen. Only the church that goes is promised the blessing of the presence of Christ. A worthy part in world missions will save the churches from littleness, worldliness, and sectarianism.

Fourth. Because the Gospel is adequate to save. One needs but to see the transformations worked by the Gospel in mission lands to have his faith greatly strengthened.

Fifth. Because only through the churches and their giving will the lost world be reached. A native chief in Ceritral Africa recently said to one of our missionaries: "White man, if you do not com~ and tell us the words of God, we have no opportunity."

Sixth. Because the large work of world redemption includes all Christian work in its blest circle. Get a church deeply interested in the work of Christ in distant lands, and you will have no trouble in interesting it in every good work everywhere.-Missionary Intelligencer.

War and French

BY M. ALFRED CASALIS, PARIS, FRANCE Secretary of the Paris Evangelical Socie1ty* HE ….:………..,.,If"":R>=1 present war of had to honor them. Thus all avail- I9I4-I9I5 will bring able resources had to be drawn upon about great alterations and at the end of the first six months and results, not only in of the financial year there was a de- political matters and ficiency of about $100,000. This must in ethnical problems, be paid when the war is over.

but when the war is over the whole How to procure money for the Christian world must readjust its other six months, in order that the ideas, aims, and methods as to the missionaries may not starve, is a difevangelization of non-Christian peo- ficult problem. For over six months ples. In prayer and in earnest medi- business has been at a standstill in tation we must prepare ourselves for France. All men ranging from 20' to coming circumstances and for the 48 years of age have been "m.obilized" golden opportunities which God will and are either at the front, in the offer us. But while war is raging, auxiliary services, or in military and those events are in course of workshops and depots. A severe preparation, missionary societies are moratorium practically stops paysuffering. The Paris Evangelical ments out of incomes and invest- Missionary Society, for instance, ments. Salaries have also been finds itself in a very serious predica- greatly reduced. Funds have also ment. We have already received some had to be raised to help care for the help from friends over the seas, and, many hundreds of thousands of refuabove all, from God, whose care and gees pouring in from Belgium and loving-kindness we have experienced the North of France. even in the darkest hours. More than half of the pastors of The Financial Situation the French Reformed Presbyterian Church (the largest Protestant body April I, 1914, all appropriations of in France) have been compelled to the Paris society for the coming year leave their parishes to join their regihad been voted by the Board, and ments. The ecclesiastical work in each of the eight mission fields had many parishes is carried on by laybeen advised as to the amount set men, or by the wives of the minisaside for its work. ters, some of the latter having even gone into the pulpit and preached ex- When the war broke out very few cellent sermons. All missionary colsubscriptions had been received, and lections and meetings are practically they stopt completely. The drafts impossible. From Alsace not a penny drawn by the missionaries, however, could be sent (a loss of some continued to come in, and the society *Founded in 1822. Mission-fields: Basutoland (1833); Senegal (1863); Tahiti (1863); Zambesi (BarotsHand) (1885); Mare (1891); Kongo (1892); Madagascar (1896); New Caledonia (1899). 108 missionaries. Income, about $200,000.

$15,000 to the society). In Switzer- With deep feelings of gratitude we land, the mobilization, the great re- received the generous help of duction in business, in industrial and friends in England and Scotland. 'commercial enterprise, cut down sub- Hearing of our financial distress, scriptions from that country (ano.ther Christian friends*' in England and heavy loss, perhaps about $20,0(0). Scotland started an "Emergency Fund" in favor of our two South The northern provinces of France A frican missions, situated in British -which are the richest from an in- territory. Should these efforts be dustrial, commercial, and agricultural successful the French Christians point of view-not only could send us would be free to apply all their enno money, but needed help, since ergies to raising funds for Qur workmany of their lands, villages, and ers in French colonies (:'fadagascar. properties have been destroyed.

A NATIVE BASUTO CHIEF AND HIS MEN, SOUTH AFRICA The Mission Board took steps to Kongo, Senegal, Tahiti, Mare, and reduce expenses 50 per cent. during New Caledonia). the second half-year (ending on' the 31st of March, 1915). All salaries The Missionaries and Home Workers (home and foreign) were reduced 20 per cent.; the number of employees In the first days of August all of at the home base has been cut down; our missionaries under 48 were called all furloughs have been postponed; by letter or by wire to report at milinew miSSIOnaries have been held tary headquarters. back; all building has been stopt, and the salaries of native workers have Those at work in French colonies been almost entirely discontinued. In were "mobilized" where they resided; this way the budget of expenses has after being kept at the military depots been reduced to $57,000 for the last six months of the financial year. "The London Missionary Society. the Church :Missionary Society, the Edinburgn Continuation Committee", the Conference of Missionary Societies in Great Jiritain and Ireland, an(j other religious bodies, are also taking special interest in our cause, and giving practical and tangible proofs of their sympathy.

for a few days, they were allowed to Some members of the Board and return to their mission stations; home staff have also been called to their services were not required, as the front, among them Pastor D. Madagascar, the Kongo, and Senegal Couve, our home secretary, a memwere not in danger from attack. The ber of the Edinburgh Continuation island of Tahiti was bombarded, but Committee; our treasurer, our cashthe buildings of the mission did not ier, and our accountant. N at less suffer. than twenty-one of our missionary students are either fighting at the front Five missionaries in France on fur- or are undergoing military preparalough were sent to the trenches at the NATIVE CANOES ON THE ZAMBESI RIVER, SOUTH AFRICA front or were employed in the hos- tion. One has been kiIled eM. Franpitai or s,mitary services. cis M;onod, a son of the Pastor of LilIe) . The South African missions have suffered most from this obligatory One of these young men, a medimilitary service. Five missionaries cal missionary student, writes on from Basutoland and five from Bar- January 7th describing how his batotsiland have been sent to the front. talion stormed some trenches and One has been killed eM. Frank Es- suffered heavy losses. He says: cande, son of our Madagascar mis" sionary). Out of fifteen mission- ". . . A little later on, at the very aries, two only arc unmarried men. minute we were going to leave the Nine of them have left their wives trenches, the enemy began to bomand children in Basutoland Or in bard us with big 210 mm. shells, ]3arotsiland. which are real volcanoes. The third fell two yards away £rom me:. . .

SOME BASUTO HEATHEN GIRLS, SOUTH AFRICA I was covered with blood-not my ment was decimated. On the morning own, but that of my dying and dead of the 22nd of September, in less comrades. I did not lose my self- than half an hour, my battalion was control, there was no time for that. reduced from 1,000 men to 350. All As soon as possible, following our our officers were killed or wounded, doctor, we ran along the trenches, and for two days we had only two picking up the wounded, following in sergeants to command us. During the tracks of each shell as it fell in those days, under a shower of bulthe very midst of us. It was ghastly lets, shrapnel, and big shells, we ~ad work! One can imagine none more from sunrise till ten at night, to pick so. Oh! God! how awful . . . I do up the wounded and carry them off not understand how I came off un- over almost impossible paths, after scathed! I dare not think of it at having first drest their wounds. The all. 1 can only pray with a feeling of dead were in great numbers at our awe. . . . We are surrounded by sides; sometimes they had to be left death, brutal and sudden." for more than twenty-four-. hours, and we had to live close to them, to Another man, who was to have left eat often with hands covered with last year for Madagascar, writes: blood, having no water with which to wash. . . . ". . . It was awful. I have seen death at close quarters, and our suf- "1 can assure you that after such ferings have been endless. My regi-

15] THE WAR. AND FRENCH

an experience one feels ripe and missionaries, five members of the ready for missionary work. 'All Board of Directors, four members of things work together for good to the home staff, and twenty-seven stuthose who love God.' I believe that, dents-forty-five men in all. Their and this great trial has already" been lives are daily exposed, and we dare good for me. I have indeed felt the hardly hope that they will all come presence of God and His strength out unscathed from this fiery ordeal. during those dark hours, and my But through God's help and blessing, pocket Testament has w11ispered many write to say that even in the words of encouragement. . . . Vhen trenches they have felt the presence shall I be able to return to the mis- of His everlasting love. They have sion house?' God knows. May He been comforted and upheld, physicalgrant that it be soon. Until then ly and spiritually, and they will, if may He give us strength to do our God wills, come back from this great duty!" war hardened in body, strengthened in soul, and, having seen the horrors To sum up, we have been deprived of human warfare, wiII throw themtemporarily of the services of fifteen A CONTRAST-CHRISTIAN BASUTO GIRLS, SOUTH AFRICA This is a knitting class in the French Basuto Mission

selves with renewed ardor into the the Upper Zambesi among the very great battle against sin and for the uncivilized and heathen Barotsi. He Kingdom of Peace and Righteous- says: ness. "I called together all the men from Some Results of the War Sesheke, and fully explained to them our financial difficulties, as well as It is difficult to predict the re- the impossibility to promise any salsults of the war as regards the cause ary to our native schoolmasters. of missions at the home base. Many of our best friends and supporters "vVithin a week a large number of have been stricken in their own fam- those men came back to the station ilies, sons and husbands having been declaring that on no account were killed. At a small prayer-meeting of the schools to be closed, and that in fifty persons in our mission-house spite of the present dearth of grain chapel, there were representatives of they would be answerable for the five families who had lost one or salaries of the schoolmasters, and more of their loved ones. They will, promised me $250 for this year. no doubt, feel impelled by their very sorrow to make still greater sacri- "It was touching to listen to them, fices for God's work. and we feel greatly encouraged. We see from this that they appreciate On the other hand, others face all that has been done for them and financial ruin through the destruc- for their people, altho they do not tion of. their homes, industries, and often express their gratitude. This farms. All church services are shows that even our hardened Bareverywhere well attended, especially otsi are good at heart." in Paris, and we can not doubt that a renewal of spiritual life will mani- On the other hand, there are those fest itself among Christians. This whose anxious questions are most will bear fruit for the good of the distressing. They can not under- Church, and at home and in the mis- stand how real Christians can fight sion fields. each other.

As to the effects of the war on the Let us not forget our great re- Christian converts in our mission sponsibilities. Christian generosity fields, letters from missionaries show will uphold all missionary societies that the impression produced on the and their enterprise in the world. native mind is twofold: We feel sure of that, even should this war last many more months. Some are especially interested in But how shall we answer the questhe welfare of their missionaries, and tion of the Kanak, which rises also since the war has reduced the latter's to the lips of the Japanese, the Chisalaries and the comforts of their nese, and the Africans? homes, the native Christians show great thoughtfulness in bringing vVhat have 'We done, we Chrispresents of grain, vegetables, rice, tians, with the message of God chickens, and fruit. Others are con- which proclaimed twenty centuries cerned about the maintenance of the ago: schools and churches, as is shown by a letter written by a missionary on "PEACE ON EARTH AND GOOD-WILL TOWARD MEN"?

in Persia and the

BY THE REV. S. G. WILSON, D.D. Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions HE war has brought tricts of Urumia, Sulduz, and Mar- gawar, some years ago joined the IITI dire distress to the Russian Orthodox communion in the Christians of Persia. hope of receiving civil support. The Most of these live in Roman Catholics and Protestants of Azerbijan, the north- the same race, and the Armenians western pro v inc e , also, welcomed Russian occupation which is coterminous with Russia because of the material benefits from and Turkey. Tho Persia has declared their presence. Several bands of Ar- its neutrality, and tho the govern- menian revolutionists from the Cau- ment seems to have acted consistently casus have joined the Russian forces, with this declaration, yet Azerbijan and Christians have even made dem- has naturally become a theater of onstrations of sympathy with the Al- war. It has been occupied by Rus- lies. In August, the Armenian sian troops since 1909, when they Bishop in Tabriz held a special prayer service for the success of the were called to raise the siege of Ta- AlIies. The Russian Consul attend- briz during the Revolution. After ed, accompanied by a body of troops, that time Russian soldiers were sta- with the British and French Con- tioned at various points in the prov- suls. Armenians filled the church, ince, as Ardebil, Marend, Khoi, Uru- the churchyard, and adjoining roofs, mia, and Soujbulak, as well as at the and afterward thousands of men and guard-houses along the post-roads. worn en, with bands of music, They have secured safety for agri- marched to the consulates, shouting culture, commerce,· and travel, while "Hurrah for England!" "Hurrah for many parts of Persia have been in France!" "Hurrah for Russia!" Sub- disorder. The Turks, from the time scriptions were also raised by the Ar- of their mobilization, have been mak- menians for the Russian Red Cross. ing strenuous efforts to bring Persia into alliance with them,- by offering Meanwhile, the Consuls of Turkey the hope of freedom from Russian and Germany were stirring up the denomination. Kurds, who are Sunnis, to go on the warpath. Agents of the Sultan were Persia is thoroughly conscious of distributing Pan-Islamic literature, her weakness and inability to put up and inviting Tartars, Kurds, and Per- a fight against Russia. She also dis- sians to prepare for the Jihad. A trusts her ancient enemy, the Sunni large force of Russian soldiers un- Turks, who have often contested with expectedly surrounded the German, her for the possession of Azerbijan. Turkish, and Austrian consulates in Nor has Turkey forgotten that at the Tabriz, arrested the two latter, and close of the Turko-Russian war, the sent them as prisoners of war to district of Kotur was given to Persia. Tiflis. The German Consul escaped Most of the Nestorians (Syrians or Assyrians) who occupy the dis-

similar treatment by seeking asylum claimed in Turkey, the Shiah Mujtiat the American consulate. The hid at Naje£ issued a fetw(}) calling eighty German merchants and me- on the Persians to join the Turks and chanics, resident in the city, precipi- free Persia from the Russians. This tantly fled or were put under arrest. decree was placarded in Tabriz, but the local Muhtihid ordered them torn Turkish Raids down, declaring that Persia should remain neutral. Many of the tribes- In U rumia conditions reached a men, however, especially the Sunni critical stage several weeks before Kurds, joined in helping the Turkish Turkey attacked the Russian Black army, and the Russians, supported by Sea ports. In the first week of Oc- Persian troops under Shuja-udtober the Kurds, possibly assisted by Doulah, ex-Governor of Tabriz, were the Turks, made a raid into Persia, completely routed in a battle at Mianattacked and destroyed several vil- duab, south of Urumia, and retreated lages in the mountains, and prest toward Tabriz. The invaders occudown to the foot-hills. They burned pied Maraga, and the Armenians fled Sier, Mar Sargis, AItwatch, and An- pell-mell, some of them walking fifty har, Christian villages in which the or sixty miles in a blizzard to Tab- American P re s b y t e ria n shave riz. churches and schools. In Sier the summer houses of the American and A Panic Among Christiana English missions were partly burned. The Russian commandant gave arms A telegram from TifEs said, "Kurd to the mountain Syrians that they tribesmen massacring all Christians might help in the defense, but there whom they capture. At Mianduab was danger that in the fighting the the Kurds killed all Christians, about Russian soldiers might mistake them three hundred." for Kurds. So they went around begging all the cast-off European fe- The Russians expected to be reindoras, straws, derbies, etc., and one forced so that they could hold Urustrapping mountaineer was seen with mia, but on January 2nd, knowing his precious gun over his shoulder and the imminence of an attack, they ora lady's fancy leghorn perched upon dered its evacuation, and the troops, his head. But even with this aid, the with the Russian Consul and all sub- Russians were driven back. The in- jects of the Allies, including the Envaders came Jown to the hills over- glish and French missions, left that looking the city, and hundreds of same day. refugees fled to the mission premises. Before morning Russian reinforce- "Practically the entire Christian ments came, and the city wa's saved. population of Urumia plain and the A conspiracy to aid the invaders was neighboring districts," writes Mr. discovered, and nearly a score of Barnard, "were in flight before we prominent Kurds and Persians were left. As far as the eye could reach hanged by order of the Governor of in both directions there was a con- Urumia. stant stream of fugitives, sometimes so dense that the road was blocked. When the Holy War was pro- It was a dreadful sight, and one I never want to see again. Many old people and children died on the way."

19I 5J CHRISTIANS IN PERSiA AND THE

Thousands of Christians-Protes- In the general terror, :rvloslems as tants, Roman Catholics, Orthodox, well as Armenians and foreigners, Nestorians, and Armenians-fled to- sought shelter in the Memorial School ward the Russian border, and took (American Mission), whose buildings refuge in the Caucasus, saving from were turned over to them. The mistheir property only what they could sionaries had no fear for themselves, carry 011 their backs. Many of them being regarded by all as friendly neuarrived penniless and famished. trals. In Urumia the Kurdish chiefs Their houses have been looted, and are said to have given special orders the contents carried away or ruth- to spare the mission premises. The lessly destroyed. Even Moslem Kurds are grateful for the successful neighbors joined in dividing the plun- medical· work of Dr. Packard, and der. It was a sad, a terrible day for felt under renewed obligation because these prosperous Christian villages. Rev. Dr. Shedd interceded for the Kurdish chiefs who had been con- The next day (January 3rd), the demned to death. Thus the American Kurds entered Urumia, led by a Per- (Presbyterian) missionaries had the stan Said-ul-Memalik. This old gratifying privilege of giving aid and leader of the Fidais was one of the security to many. Their presence Nationalist leaders in the revolution and their influence was a great blessagainst Mohammed Ali Shah, was ing in this time of terror. Governor o( U rumia, and afterward leader of the attack on the Russian Word has come that other missionsoldiers in Tabriz in 191 I. He es- aries are also safe. Dr. Edman, of caped to Turkey, where he has since the American Lutheran Mission in taken part in the Balkan war and now Soujbulak, passed through Tabriz on ret urn s with implacable hatred January 4th en route for Sweden. against Russia. Mr. and Mrs. Oster, Seventh Day Adventists, fled from Maraga with Panic seized Tabriz, when it was the retreating Russians. The Gerannounced that the Russian force man ladies in charge of the orphanwould leave the city. A wholesale ages at Khoi and Urumia, dispersed exodus of foreigners and Armenians the children in various quarters, and began, and the Russian, British, and retired under safe conduct through French Consuls and staffs retired to Russia. The American 'Consul, Mr. the Caucasus with the troops. Bank- Gordon Paddock, who was the only ers, merchants, Indo-European tele- neutral Consul in the city, was able to graph corps-aU who could-escaped do excellent service. When the with them or went to Teheran. Turkish-Kurdish force arrived, he arranged for their entrance without "The Armenians were in great ter- an attack, and so spared the plunderror," writes the Rev. F. N. Jessup. ing of the city, especially of the Ar- "They not only fear the Kurds- menian quarter. everyone dreads their coming-but that the city Moslems may rise and The Russians evacuated Tabriz on plunder and murder, for the latter January loth, but the rejoicings of hate the Russians, and the Armenians the Turks and their Persian symhave identified themselves with the pathizers was short-lived, for a Rus- Russians in this war."

sian force was soon sent from Trans- been appalling, while the condition of Caucasia. They were met at Sofia the hapless refugees who have fled in by the Turks, who were put to flight, thousands is only one degree less terleaving their artillery and 1,000 dead. rible. One letter reads: The Russians reentered Tabriz January 20th, and found the Russian "Every British, Russian, French, consulate burned. In the British and Belgian subject had to flee to Parliament it was stated that but one save his life, and we have brought British property was touched, and nothing except our lives. Ninety-five "this result was almost entirely due per cent. of the Christian population to the action of the United States of Tabriz and Azerbijan fled before Consul, whose efforts and ability in the advance of the Turkish army." protecting British interests are much appreciated and very gratefully recog- A native Christian says: "Barely nized." two hours' notice was given to many of the terrified people, who were Relief Work Needed forced to choose between instant flight and remaining to die in a most In the absence of news to the con- shameful way. In the snow, mud, trary, it is supposed that Maraga, and terrible cold, over 20,000 left at Urumia, and Salmas remain in the once for Russia. Day and night, hands of the Kurds, and while Turk- poor little ones, women, and men ish commanders will no doubt make marched on to save their lives. It efforts to restrain them, one dreads to was pathetic to see the children dying see the havoc when the curtain is and left unburied by the wayside; lifted. It has been a terrible stroke old men and women frozen, women to the Protestant Christians, for in giving birth to children, and the the territory overrun the Presby- children dying at once . . . the sufterian Mission has forty congrega- fering mothers walking on to save tions. The refugees are in great need their own lives. Some mothers were of our assistance. The Christians found dead with little ones clinging alone among them are reported in to their breasts. Hundreds died bevarying numbers up to 45,000, and fore reaching Julfa; thirty died a few the distress is dire. The Presbyterian hours after crossing the frontier. Board is appealing for contributions. Many fainted by the way and fell Reports come that the slaughter has into the hands of the enemy."

CHRIST AND MOHAMMED In one of the villages in North India a missionary was preaching in a bazaar. After he had closed, a Mohammedan gentleman came up, and said, "You must admit that we have one thing you have not, and it is better than anything you have."

The missionary smiled, and said, "I shall be pleased to hear what it is." The Mohammedan gentleman said, "When we go to our Mecca, we find at least a coffin. But when you Christians go to Jerusalem, which is your Mecca, you find nothing but an empty grave."

The missionary replied, "That is just the difference. Mohammed is dead. Mohammed is in his coffin. The founders of all these false systems of religion and philosophy are in their graves. But Jesus Christ, whose kingdom is to include all nations and kindreds and tribes, is not entombed; He is risen. And all power in heaven and earth has been given unto Him. That is our hope."

-Bishop F. W. Warne.

TRAINING FOR THE FUTURE MOTHERS AND TEACHERS OF

The girls of the Church Missionary Society School in the chapel service at Fuchau. China, Chinese Christian Patriots RECENT EFFORTS TO HELP LEGISLATION AND REFORM BY REV. D. MACGILLIVRAY, M.A., D.D. Editor, Christian Literature Society, Shanghai ·. 1~:~SgE~r~;::~~ c. "Dr. Chen Huan-chang and others, m movement to prevent improve matters by a revival of an- believing that the country has greatly changed for the worse in manners, many ways. In a morals, and religion, and thinking to the establishment of cient learning and religion, have pro- Confucianism as a State religion, posed that Confucianism be made a they sent a petition to both Houses State religion, and have petitioned of Parliament. The following is a Parliament to insert a clause to this brief summary: effect in the new Constitution. In

this matter he has taken great pains is granted, it is apparent that all the and must be given full credit for sin- people should equally observe the cerity, altho his methods are un- same law, but if one religion is to doubtedly wrong. As to reviving the be respected as being that of the learning of Confucius, there is no State, that will be tantamount to objection to be made, but as to mak- bringing pressure on other religions ing it a State religion, the case is to conform to the State religion.

very different. The petitioners, "3. The Constitution raises the therefore, pray both Houses of Par- question of the religious standing of liament to refuse Dr. Chen's petition, officials. Formerly State religion and for the following five reasons: flourished greatly in England, France, and other kingdoms. The King, the For Religious Freedom Cabinet, and members of Parliament,'

"I. A State religion and religious all belonged to the State religion.

liberty included in one clause are The laws were formed in strict con- mutually self-contradictory in spirit. formity to them. Hence, no one be- It is well known that liberty is the longing to other religions was allowed gift of the laws in our republic, both to have any part of the governing, in material and spiritual matters. on the theory that only thus Also rights that are acknowledged was the Government safe. Now, by all through the law should not however, in the new century, a great either directly or indirectly, be re- change has taken place, and not the stricted. Now, if the Constitution slightest interference with freedom really names one religion a State of thought is allowed to enter the religion, by so much will it limit the laws. State religions are very much liberty of those who are not of that opposed, and religio'll's tests have religion, for they will not be ac- disappeared from public life. But knowledged as having had the same our country, having made a recent rights as others, and some will be change, it is not right that it should known as State-religion people, and adopt the discarded opinions of others as non-State-religion people, Europe. Besides, Mongolians, .Mos- thus exalting one and oppressing lems, and Tibetans would have no another, interfering with the faith of part in the governing of the State the whole people. Of course, the if Confucianism was the State reli- State should protect and treat with gion, and surely this is a matter equal favor all religions. The result which should provoke anxious of the new proposals will be that thought.

one religion will have an advantage "4. The proposed clause in the over the others, and conformity to Constitution does not represent the the State religion will naturally fol- opinions of the majority. All Con- low. stitutions and laws of whatever "2. The Constitution will not deal country must be the creation of the with all religions impartiaIIy. The majority. Partiality to anyone class Constitution of a kingdom, and the or unfair treatment to another class law, is for all the people of that king- is directly contrary .to the spirit of dom to observe. As religious liberty universal practise in such matters.

15] CHINESE CHRISTIAN PATRIOTS

Dr. Chen, in his petition, quotes the faith, and made no religious distinc- example of Denmark, Turkey, and tion between the different races. other kingdoms to the number of Following this same principle, the eleven, in whose Constitution there RepUblican flag has five colors. is some reference to a State religion, What a pity that so soon there is but everyone knows that these con- an attempt to foist upon us a State stitutions are unfair, and practical religion with its discrimination scholars regard this very thing as against other religions, and confine their defect. Why should we intro- all the important offices to the Man- duce such a defect into our Consti- chus and Chinese! Where then tution? would be the unity of the five races? "5. The proposed clause would destroy the distinction between "2. More than this, there is real government and religion. This pro- danger of ttrritorial loss. The Budposal means that what has no rela- dhist officials of Mongolia and Tibet tion to government is to be intro- will mistrust the Chinese, and produced as an opposing force. In claim their independence, secretly European countries the most religious courting the assistance of foreigners. countries have long ago separated Every day we have all sorts of Church from State, fearing the con- alarming rumors from our frontiers. fusion that would arise from inter- If we adopt a State religion in our ference with the State's regular func- Constitution, and show our contiom. It is not three years since our tempt for them and their faith, we country changed its form of govern- will be giving them an opportunity ment. Should we proceed to adopt to talk, and also afford outsiders an that which other countries reject? opportunity to stir up disaffection. Surely this is folly and confusion. This is surely a danger to be avoided. Opposition to a State Religion "3. This proposal would create in- "Law and government are mutually ternal strife between the different reinterrelated. That which the Consti- ligions. Formerly, our country ention contains will naturally be re- joyed religious peace. People forflected in the Government. Thus, merly followed the particular faith of we have four additional considera- the reigning Emperor. Now Confutions to urge in opposition to this cianists think to use the influence of movement. the State religion to move the people, so that they will all observe one rule "I. The natural result will be to of life. They forget, however, that destroy the unity existing between circumstances to-day are very differthe five races in our country. The ent from those times. Nowadays, the Moslems believe in Mohammed, the religions are more zealously believed Mongolians and Tibetans believe in in and spread abroad. Hence, when Buddha. Thus, out of five races, they hear of the proposal of Dr. three do not believe in Confucius. Chen, there is great consternation The .previous dynasty did not in the among them, and letters and teleslightest compel the Mongolians, grams in great numbers pass to and Moslems or Tibetans to violate their

fro. ~ In fact, there are not wanting the times. This is altogether apart those who fear such troublous times from the question whether Confuas the Hundred Years' Crusade and cianism is a religion or not.

the Thirty Years' War in Europe. "For these and other reasons your "4. The Government does not need petitioners pray that the proposition to borrow the influence of religion. of Dr. Chen and his friends be not A hundred years ago in Europe the adopted."

influence of the Government pro- The foregoing petition may be ceeded from religion. In the separa- looked on as a negative way of helption of Church and State our coun- ing China, yet it is a positive edu- try preceded the countries of the cation in religious liberty. The fol- West by many years. It happens in lowing two tracts are good specimens Mongolia and Tibet that the Buddhist of constructive religious work. They priests have secured governing power, have been recently printed by the but this is due to the uncivilized Christian Literature Society of China. state of those parts. Well-informed persons take England's method of Christianity in Relation to Education governing India as a model. BY CHANG CHU'N YI "If we consider the present con- The civilizations of Europe and dition of o.ur country, we will see America are now much admired, but further reasons for opposing a State their excellence has its root in Chris- religion: tian education. This education em- "1. In the present day there is no phasizes true knowledge to be at- country possessing a State religion tained and used as opposed to the which is prosperous. errors which are so abundant. It "2. It is erroneous to claim that leads to a purification of the feelings formerly Confucianism was practi- and the strengthening of the will in cally the State religion of China in everything good. If men do not the unwritten Constitution. build on this heavenly way, what will "3. The Parliamentary representa- modern education do but turn out tives from Mongolia and Tibet are more clever rascals, and suggest and so few that they can not adequately supply new means for the gratifica- represent the effect of the proposed tion of vile passions? Only Chris- change upon those countries. tianity can make men holy. The "Finally, and to sum up, (I) there proof at large is to be found in the is no great necessity of establishing a history of education in the West; we State religion in China. (2) A now merely attempt a brief summary.

State religion can not really be effi- I. Christianity shows the formation cient; and if it were efficient, it of character and the fitting for the would be very dangerous. (3) A service of man to be the true aim State religion is in no respect bene- of education. Without the right ficial to the State or Government; direction, it fares ill with the traveler.

in fact, it is a great injury. (4) To So in education. Mistakes here will establish a State religion is not in be fata:l to true progress. Let all accordance with sound principles, nor educationalists note what we claim in harmony with the requirements of for our religion. By it education

CHRISTIAN

and virtue are related and mutually -in other schools, for Christianity strengthened. Greece was famous holds up the true ideal for teachers, for learning, but by vices she was e.g., by making them conscientious dragged down. So is the case of in their work with high ideals of China. N ow in the first place, by their profession and its value to so- Christianity the student's moral na- ciety and the State. They are never ture is harmonized, his conscience satisfied with less than the truth. gets peace, and he is therefore able Moreover, Christianity teaches them to bend his whole soul to his studies. to sympathize with the difficulties of Education should aim to strengthen their pupils and to help the stupid and guide the conscience, and is not as readily as the clever. merely a head full of knowledge but a heart filled with love of the noble 5. Fin a 11 y, Christianity shows and the good. To the same effect teachers and students how to guard are the sayings of Wang Yang-ming against errors which are unhappily and King Wen in the Odes, and simi- too prevalent in the schools of to-day, larly Paul said in all things he sought e.g., materialism, agnosticism, and to have a conscience void of offense. false socialism. Again, the conscience having peace, duty is easy toward God and man. Christianity Helps the Republic Only as duty is done can the race be preserved. Those who spend should BY CHANG CHU'N YI make. As Paul says: Who works not should not eat. A single day's I. By helping the progress of cividereliction of duty is a sin against lization, as a basis of the State. my fellows equal to robbery, and, worse still, a sin against the great 2. By cleansing the Republic of Creator. errors and evil customs, all of which stand in the way of progress and 2. Christian education is shown to democracy. be the best by the subject matter of it, embracing all knowledge, espe- 3. By holding up the highest ideals cially (a) the origin and laws of the of duty before the individual. universe; (b) history of all nations, showing the causes of their rise and (a) As' to individual faults. fall; (c) the rights of man. (b) By helping the poor and dis- 3. Christianity does not discrimin- trest and leading men to seek ate against any sex in its educational the perfect happiness of their felplans; women as well as men share lows. (c) By the highest standards of ofits benefits. It aids the student (a) ficial life. Christianity's law of by stren~hening his memory; (b) by service. In a word, without duty increasing his reasoning powers; (c) performed, how can the Republic cultivating correctness and sanity of stand? his judgment; and (d) strengthening his will. 4. Hence, the need of help in the accomplishment of duty. Christianity 4. Having done so much for the supplies it. Christians do not only pupils, its teachers differ from those expect the Government to do its duty, but themselves do it, and with united hearts strengthen their country. Man by nature has many weaknesses and temptations to neglect of duty or ac- tual transgression. Christianity helps

here. Christian hospitals aid the sick, so that Christians make sacrifices for but schools aid the well. Charity is the good of the whole, remembering changed to self-support and self-re- the boundless love of Jesus Christ, liance. Men are taught their duty to as a bond of unity which transcends the State as well as to their neigh- even national limits. bors. But outside the schools, which are for the young only, the Gospel 7. Christianity intensifies true pais for all, male and female. triotism, not because of an indefinite love of country, but of real love for 5. Christianity materializes the true the individuals composing it, without which patriotism is mere selfishness. equality of men. Distinctions be- The Christian patriot seeks the pubtween men naturally arise from dif- lic good by assisting individuals. ference of ability, circumstance and Further, it extends to love of other the like, but all have a Heaven-de- countries as well as our own. Interrived Spirit. They are all children national ties are now so close that of God, and, therefore, all are broth- the good or ill of one is the good or ers. Hence artificial distinctions ill of all. vanish, and contempt for others dies. Instead, they help each other by 8. Christianity uses literature unestablishing orphanages, etc. They ceasingly to increase the people's are, therefore, equal before the law, knowledge. For example, the books and women and children also come and papers of the Christian Literainto their rights. See what" effect ture Society and other Christian Christianity has on the national societies. Their aim is not merely to spirit! increase knowledge, but to advance the cause of morality and its basis, 6. Christianity creates a spirit of religion: Only so can the Republic unity. It overcomes the divisive of China flourish forever. forces by loyalty to a common Father, SACRIFICE BY NATIVE CHRISTIA.NS The one big missionary feature that stays by me most notably from my recent trip to Asia is the Glad Self-Sacrifice by Native Christians in Order to Have and Give the Gospel. Again and again this readiness to make great sacrifices in order to extend the knowledge of the truth imprest me. In Hang Chow I found that our Chinese minister had recently received an offer from the city authorities to take charge of the principal department in the public schools, at just three times his salary. That salary was $7.50 gold per month-just a starving wage, for he had a fair-sized family. But he did not hesitate for a moment to decline the offer, saying: "China must have Christ, even if I starve." In other countries, instances of self-denial made voluntarily by groups of men and women were repeated to me, many of them so great as to touch me profoundly. Does not this fact challenge the Church at home? It ought to put us to shame; but does it? When we learn to draw the line between our wants and our needs, we shall find the realm of eager stewardship bearing more fruit than now.-REV. HOWARD AGNEW JOHNSTON, D.D.

ARAB TENTS IN NORTH

Daughters of the Tent LIFE OF THE BEDOUIN WOMEN OF NORTH AFRICA BY A. V. LILLEY, TUNIS llissionary of the North Africa Mission ,…."……~..-r.>~N the Moslem world their children, and they hasten to none has a harder life send the girl to the work of the tent. of cruelty and drudg- They abandon her at a tender age ery than the Bedouin to her natural instincts, and the evil woman, "the daughter effects of bad influence. of the tent." No cries Often the little girl's only training of joy are heard, neitller is a profu- is when she is struck in a revolting sion of compliments paid to the and brutal manner by her father in father when the unwelcome little order that he may -obtain absolute sistranger, a girl, comes into the world. lence, passive obedience, and respect; It may be, when the little one is able the only government is that of fear. to amuse her father with childish All through life she is exposed to all prattle or cling to his burnoose, some kinds of abuse and injustice from her notice is taken of her; but soon he father, brother and husband. At a becomes tired of his new toy and tender age the Bedouin children are she takes her despised place among abandoned to themselves, half-naked, the women. and spend whole days without any guardian, in the fields and woods to Fathers of families are charged to mind the flocks and herds. It is then teach their children the duty of the that they learn those deplorable habits creature toward God and the rules of lying, thieving, cruelty and the disthey should follow in living among dain for all things respectable and their fellow men, but the fathers them- refined. selves are too brutal and corrupt to be worthy teachers or examples to They are left entirely without true

religious or moral education; their those who have been brought up in heads or hearts contain little but vain ignorance and darkness. forms of prayer and empty forms of politeness. They are abandoned to Among the country Arabs the girls, their natural instincts, without re- from a very early age, are accustomed straint or governing power, so that to take their share of the work in they have little idea of judging be- the tent, going to the wells for water tween right and wrong, good and evil. and to the forest for wood. A small Conscience is almost dead. Lying is goat skin bottle of water or a load of wood is placed upon the girl's back, HEDOU1N WOMEN-WORTH SAVING regulated according to her size and strength. These are occasions of sllch a familiar habit among the great joy for they get away from the Bedouin Arab that doubt beclouds restraint of the tent and the severity everything they say and do. There of the father. While the girls 'wander are thousands of these young people into the woods and fields, the old who are untouched by any refining women sit together and exchange the or Christian influence. Altho th e gossip and scandal of the camp or "laborers are few" in the North tribe. They learn to weave the tent African cities some young Arabs are covering, plait th~ palm leaf or being reached by means of classes haifa grass baskets, make rough potand schools and the results are mani- tery, milk the cows, and goats, saddle fest. Some of the native men, see- the beasts of burden, put up and take ing the difference in the girls who down the tent. have come under the influence of Christian teaching, have sought for These tents are made up of a numwives among them rather than take ber of "feloridj," sewn together; these consist of camel and goats' hair spun with the fiber that surrounds the palm roots and are woven into long strips of "about two and a half feet wide and eight or ten yards long. They are not unlike cocoa-nut mat- ting and are of a dark color, without pattern or design.

A pole six to nine feet long holds up the middle, while a number of cords, attached to pegs, keep it fixt to the ground. Shorter sticks are used to prop up the tent in order to give more space and allow the in- habitants to move about without con- tinually bending. All the tents of the camp are the same, except so far as they vary in size and state of pre- servation.

In the center of the tent and at the base of the supporting pole are placed

OF THE

two or three large sacks which con- on which to rest, but not to sleep. tains a fortnight's supply of wheat, For him the night is one long watch, barley, or dates, for the family. Near- and with his head turned toward the by is a large trunk in which is kept flocks, his pistol under his pillow· and the family clothing and jewelry. gun by his side, he is ready to rush out at the least noise of a jackal or The furniture of the tent is very some other enemy. Wolfish-looking primitive. It has been mostly made dogs with sharp teeth, help the Arab by the women, and consists of a few on his watch; by the manner of their haIfa grass mats spread on the barking, or the influence of their ground, two or three woolen cover- voices, he is able to tell whether it be ings, some earthenware pots and pans, SOME ARAB CHILDREN OF THE NORTH AFRICA MISSION SCHOOL a few wooden spoons, and the sieves a jackal or some other animal, a dis- for sifting the wheat. Everything tant passing stranger or one or more must be so made that it can be rolled thieves. It is only when twilight be- up, or easily packed to be placed on gins to appear and when objects have the backs of the beasts of burden already taken an indistinct form in .and carried to the new camping the mist of the early morning that ground. the master of the tent is able to take Vhen evening arrives, the children and old women lie down to sleep a well-earned repose. side by side. The master of the tents The life of the Bedouin Arab is lets down the "feloridj," which forms the door of the tent and he himself hard in every sense of the word; seeks his mat and woolen covering born on the hard ground in a tent, exposed to all varieties of weather and with food often coarse and

scanty. The life is hazardous, for the of Judgment, faintly hoping that the Arab is in continual fear from all "merciful" and "compassionate" will kind of enemies, difficulties and dan- deal lightly with his many misdeeds gers. Even Islam, his religion, gives and admit him into paradise. him little consolation, for it also deals hardly with him with its prayers It is to these people we would five times a day, the fast month of gladly go and carry the message 01 Ramadan, the tithes and gifts de- "that blest hope," were the labormanded from his dearly earned har" ers more numerous, and the means vest. After all this has been faith- more abundant. We commend them fully observed he has no "sure and and ourselves to God's praying certain hope," but looks forward people that all may be supplied with fear and trembling to the Day "according to His riches in glory by 'Christ Jesus."

THE UNHOLY HOLI FESTIVAL A curious change has come over the students in Bengal in their attitude to the festival known by the name of Holi. Ten years ago they were ashamed of it; they avoided public places as far as possible on the day of its celebration; they 'were furiously angry if any red liquid were squirted on their clothes; they were careful to explain to any European stranger that the festival had no real connection with Hinduism and had nothing whatever to do with religion. Then came a curious change. The Holi festival was not merely apologized for, but it was strenuously defended. It was not only defended, but it was celebrated.

We wish that it were true that in the meantime the observance has been so largely purified of its grosser elements that respectable people need no longer be ashamed of sharing in a little harmless merriment in celebration of the approach of spring. But this, unhappily, is not the case. In Bengal, at any rate, there are no signs that the popular observance of the Holi is any less repulsive and degrading than before. There is the same abominable license of speech and act. Decent women dare not venture out of doors for fear that their ears will be assailed with obscenities. The streets ring with songs that poison the air with their foul suggestions. Not only is red powder or liquid flung on the passersby, but people are smeared with the mud of the drains, and poor old men may be seen trying in vain to escape the filthy attentions of youths who were pouring the vilest sewage on their bodies. All this goes on even in Calcutta, and in the towns of the interior the manner of the celebration is even more debasing.

How is it. then, that young, educated Bengal is no longer ashamed but apparently proud of its excesses and delighted with its observance? This unhappy idea seems to have come from a perverted idea of what nationalism demands toward Indian customs. A patriot is expected to manifest his patriotism by a blind adherence to everything to be found in his country, and he must maintain it at all costs, especially if the foreigner dislikes and opposes it. The cost in this case is the cost of self-respect and decency. Such is the character of real Hinduism, so foolishly upheld in its philosophy by Mrs. Besant and others.

Present Call of the Cross*

BY REV. WILLIAM PIERSON MERRILL, D.D., NEW YORK Pastor of the Brick Presbyterian Church ·"He laid down His life for us; and we ought to lay down our lives for the brethren." 1 John 3:16. NE of the most serious quote ten from each. For everywhere through the Gospels' rings out this call to mO facts in the life of the every follower of Christ to hold his life . church is the ease with and all he owns absolutely at the dis- . which we let the severe posal of the Master and of the brethren. demands of Christ and the Gospel glide past us Did Christ mean what He said? Was without affecting us in any vital way. He talking seriously? Then His Apostle The apostles applied a hard word to the was not holding up too high and severe a men to whom they preached; they called standard for every Christian of us when them "stiff-necked." They would probably he said, "He laid down His' life for us; call the Christians of to-day by a differ- and we ought to lay down our lives for ent name, tho no less harsh; they would the brethren," calling every Christian call us "thick-skinned." We hear the to the test of Calvary. No Christian has mighty calls of the Gospel, we admit the right to draw back from any demand their truth, but somehow they do not upon his loyalty, however severe it may penetrate beneath the su~face and set be. . . .

our wills in motion. These words surely mean, at any rate, What a tremendous statement it is that the cause and Kingdom of Christ that confronts us in this text! It tells should be chief among our objects of de- us that every Christian shoul1live a life votion; and that, when necessity arises, of sacrifice like that of Christ Himself. when a crisis develops, we must be pre- . Let us realize plainly that this word does pared to sacrifice, to cut deeply into our not stand alone. It is one of many state- comforts and joys, to give up until we ments of the same basic and universal are cramped and straitened, rather than law. Open to any Gospel, and the same let the Kingdom of our Lord suffer or call confronts you. His cause be set back? If we are not "If any man will come after Me, let prepared to admit that, if we do not give him deny himself, and take up his cross, Christ the right to call upon us for and follow Me." thoroughgoing sacrifices at critical "Go, sell all that thou hast, and give times, we would better stop calling our- to the poor, and come, follow Me." selves Christians; for one who will not "Whosoever he be of you that re- sacrifice has nothing in common with nounceth not all that he hath, he can not the spirit of our Lord; and "if any man by My disciple." have not the spirit of Christ, he is none "Love one another as I have loved of His."

you; greater love hath no man than this, Such a critical situation has come in that a man lay down his life for his the life of the church. Foreign Mis- friends." sionary work finds itself in an exceed- I have quoted but one word from each ingly serious condition, a condition that of the four Gospels. I could as easily might be called desperate, had not Christ *From a sermon preached in the Brick Presbyterian Church, New YOlrk, November 22, 1914.

told us never to give way to fear or de- Some Objections spair. The situation is one of utmost I know the objections and difficulties gravity. Many of the mission boards which suggest themselves. Strong they closed their year with a deficit, not in are, and convincing-until the light of the least due to lack of foresight, or the cross falls upon them. But that is faulty administration. There is just one the light in which we must view them.

cause of the deficits, the fact that the Come, let us fearlessly face our excuses churches have not given what might and our responsibilities in the light of reasonably be expected of them. Calvary!

What was to be done? Retrenchment It is natural to object that we are al- naturally suggests itself as a remedy. ready doing our full share in the sup- But no one who knows the work, and is port of the foreign missionary enterprise.

possest of any Christian faith, can admit But no man, no church, dare look at Cal- the possibility of retrenchment. For it . vary, and object, "I am already doing would mean that men' and women, who my share." Why, the very essence of have put their lives into the work of the the Christian spirit is going beyond what Church of Christ, depending on our loy- might justly be considered one's own alty and sense of honor to maintain them part, picking up and carrying the load and their work, would find themselves which others have selfishly or carelessly cut off from support, thrown out of their thrown off. What means that great life-work. It would mean that churches word, "If any man would come after and schools and stations, founded and Me, let him take up the cross," if not built up 'through long years, would be that we must forget all about our right- closed. It would mean that the church ful part, all about proportion and com- had broken faith with its Master. In parison, and think only of what is need- such an enterprise "to falter would be ed, and 'what is the most we can do!

sin." Retrenchment is simply o,ut of It is natural also to protest that other the question. With Christian courage causes, many and urgent, are calling for the foreign mission boards appealed to our money; and, in view of these ur- the church to maintain the work without gent calls, we can not give more for for- .

diminution, and at the &ame time to re- eign missions. It is true that there are move the load of the deficit by increased many calls this year. Every religious contributions. and charitable organization is calling Then came the war! At once new for increased gifts. New needs, of ter- burdens were laid upell the boards. Not rible urgency, are calling upon us. Men, only were the eXl.frlse and difficulty of women, and children are dying across conducting our enterprises in foreign the sea, are appealing for food and lands greatly increased, but brethren in clothing, and the bare necessarieS' of life.

other Christian countries appealed to us Who can doubt that the heart of Christ to see that their work was not abandoned is touched by this awful misery and and lost. need; or that He approves the generous Nor is the appeal which comes to us gifts that are pouring into Belgium.

an appeal to brotherly interest only. The But, in order to meet this need, must missionary work of our time is so unified you cut down what you are doing else- and inter.dependent, that the abandon- where" or refuse what you are right- ment cif the work now being done by any fully asked to do for the regular work other nation would seriously affect our of your church ? We are asked to add own work. . A War Emergency Fund is to our offerings this year for two rea- urgently needed, in addition. to the sons, to keep our work going unim- amotlnt necessary to meet the deficits. paired, and to pay our debts. What

PRESENT CALL OF THE

would we think of a man who should our lives? I doubt if many would have bring a contribution fOf Belgian relief, to deprive themselves of even a reason- when the families of trade;smen were able amount of pleasure, in order to in- going hungry because of the unpaid crease their offering by 100 per cent. debts of that giver? Yet is not that what Surely, to respond to a call or a demand, we really do when we meet these new however great, which we can meet with- claims by withholding proper support out sacrificing anything necessary for from the work to which we are in honor life, is to go but a very little way toward pledged? In the name of honor and jus- Christlikeness. He gave up more than ticc, let your gifts for the suffering that; He laid down His life; and He people in Europe, and for other pressing teUs us to love one another as He has needs, ('ollle from ),011, not from over- loved us. … worked and underpaid mis'sionaries, and needy, ignorant, unchristianized Afri- . Let each face his duty in the light of cans and Chinese. OVhen you give to the Gospel and the cross. And when we some new work by withdrawing from an see it in that light, all our excuses and old cause, it is not you who make the specious pleas look cheap and me.an, and gift; it is those who suffer by your fail- we are left with nothing but the great ure to support the old work. Will you call from our Master and the plain fact make "the brother for whom Christ that we can meet it, if we will, without died," the man in Asia who needs the going beyond the measure of devotion Gospel, pay your contribution toward the He has plainly set for us. In this year help of the man in Europe whose need when Christ and humanity ask so much appeals to you so forcibly just now? 0, of us, need our aid so sorely, this is the you who call yourself by the name of rule the' Christian must adopt: "J '11:ill Christ, pay your own debts to humanity; refuse no call for help so long as J am give up something yourself, rather than allowing myself a single luxury." Would submit to the shame of letting some not a deep and real Christian spirit go needy souls go without the benefits of even further, and rejoice in sacrificing Christ and His Gospel, in order that you even reasonable comforts for the sake may meet the severe new calls without of Christ and humanity? too much pers~nal sacrifice. Some Reasons for Response I know, too, how strong is the objection that we have less to give with this But there are special reasons why this year than we had a year ago. I know call in particular has the right to comthat for many, i~comes have been cut in mand our largest and most sacrificial rehalf, prices have risen, work has stopt, sponse. Let me mention but two of the business is at a standstill. To talk of strongest of these reasons. increased expenditure on any line seems futile. How can we give more when we The first is that this work of giving have less to give? men the Gospel, of saving their souls, of spiritual ministry, is the one supremely It is it true objection and a strong one vital work in the world. -but only so long as we keep it where Christ c':ll1 not see it. Despite the seri- That is what we profess to believe. ousness of conditions to-day am I not That is the Christian, the Gospel, the well within the' facts when I say that Christ estimate. Our Lord was never most of us could double what we gave unmindful-nor did He mean that we to foreign missions a year ago, and still should be-of the bodily needs, and the not lack proper clothing, or proper food, social needs, and the cultural needs, of or a reasonable' amount of comfort in mankind. A large part of His strength went to the healing and comforting of the outward life of men. But always to

His' mind, one great need rose above do believe it must stand by our faith the every other-the need of the soul for more loyally. And that means that no God, the need of bringing lost sons back other cause, no number or combination to the filial life, the need of transform- . of causes, shall ever lead us to neglect, ing human spirits. If we are to be or to subordinate, the evangelizing mis- loyal to His view, if we are to believe sion of the church, the work of trans- Him, we must share that grea1> control- forming the souls of men through the ing conviction of His, that the spiritual touch of the Spirit and the Gospel of interests are supreme always and every- Christ. Our first obligation is to support where. If ever we are tempted to think that work as it needs to be supported.

that the man who lacks food is in worse . There is a second great conclusive case than the man who does not know reason why this particular appeal should God, that the man dying of disease is come to us with peculiar power. It is suffering a worse fate than the man the fact that here, in the support of this whose spirit is dying from sin, we are work, is our opportunity to reply to the being tempted to deny the Christian devil's challenge.

faith. For Christ did not so judge; nor The devil, antichrist, the world-spirit can we, if we would be true to Him and that is opposed to the Christ spirit, has to His ideals. flung its challenge straight into the face I would not, by a word or breath, sug- of our Master in the upflaring of this gest that the physical sufferings ,and accurst war. Once more the hand of needs caused by the present war are not hatred has smitten Christ in the face.

extreme and pitiful tragedies, appealing Whatever the causes, however we may to us for help at 'any cost to our own judge the parties engaged, blaming or comfort and ease. God pity the m.an exonerating, the fact stands out that who would belittle the need in the war- the anti-Christian forces of the world wasted districts of northern Europe! ar'e having their day. "Corsica against Thank God that some who are indiffer- Galilee," some one has called it. The ent to the needs of the human soul are ideals of Christ are being disowned and being stirred to the depths of their hearts thrust out. The valiant shall inherit the by the tragic needs of human bodies. earth, not the meek; great things must But while we, who bear the name of be done by might and power, not by Christ, must do more than others to min- spirit and the still, small voice. The ister to the outward needs, we must also Gospel is good for the individual, but not forget the clear teaching of Christ the unpardonable sin for a nation is that the needs of the spirit are the su- feebleness. Seldom if ever has such a preme, the truly tragic, needs. Many do challenge been flung in the face of the not believe that. You and I do. And Christian faith and ideals. How can we we must stand by that faith, tho it cost meet it?

us heavy sacrifices…. We must be on We can meet it only by bolder asser- guard lest we feel that the spiritual needs tions of our faith; only by meeting of man are of no great consequence. We challenge with challenge;. only by match- are in danger of reversing the word of ing the loyalty and sacrifice of war with the Master, and saying, "Take no a greater loyalty and sacrifice on behalf thought for your soul; but only for the of faith. Only martyrs can conquer body what ye shall put on, and only for Mars. The supreme opportunity of the the life, what ye shall eat." Christian ages is ours, to assert, in the Man needs to know God even more very presence of the apparent victory of than he needs food or clothing. If fewer brute force, that the victory shall belong believe that than formerly, then we who to the Spirit. To retreat now, to fail in

pushing the cause of Christ with ex- portant task of winning men to the treme devotion, would be to make the Christ-life. Men are pouring out money great refusal, to deny our Lord in as and blood like water, that their country cowardly a fashion as Peter denied him. may win. Can not we do something sac- rificial. that Christ may have the vic- I f there is one truth clear and indu- tory? bitable in the lurid light of this war, it is' surely this; that we can trnst, for our Darc we refuse to do our utmost that future protection against like tragedies, this great work of the Kingdom of our for the peace and safety and joy of the Lord Jesus Christ may be freed from world, in just one thing, transformed burdens of the past, carried through the human nature. Education, science, cul- difficulties of the present, and sent on ture, wealth, power, these all depend for into a glorious future? It is not simply their value on the wills that shall use a call from the mission hoards that comes them. In the hands of selfish or brutal to us to-day. In the name of the Lord men they only make the selfishness and Jesus Christ, who has the right to send the brutality more powerful and more us to the cross, if need be; who has dangerous. In the hands of godly men never lost His right, in any age, to call they bring nearer the Kingdom of God. for martyrs, and to expect an instant Treaties, intercourse, smooth words- response from every Christian when He they are as nothing unless men are calls; in the power of that name, every righteous and loving, and will keep Christian is called upon to give as he their promises. The only hope of the has not given before, not to lay on God's world is in the Christianizing of men, altar that which costs him nothing, but the transforming of mankind out of to hring an offering that shall cut deep. the likeness of beasts that perish into the likeness of the Son of Man. Let us make our offering to our God in such a way that we shall not be Every sickening detail, ever), brutal ashamed to "stand before the Son of fact of this present ,war is a tragic plea Man," and to be judged in the light of for missions, for fhe extension of the His death and of God's love for the Kingdom of Christ, for the more sacri- world. ficial support of the one supremely im- HOW SHALL WE GIVE?

Give-as the morning that flows out of heayen, Give-as the waves when their channel is riven, Give-as the free air and sunshine are gil'en; Layishly, j oyful1y, utterly give, ); at the waste drops from thy cup overflowing, Nat a faint spark from thy hearth eyer glowing, Not a pale bud from thy June roses blowing.

Give as God gave thee, who gave thee to lin.

Pour but thy life as the spring shower pouring; Vhat if no bird through the pearl rain is soaring, Vhat if no blossom looks upward adoring, Look to the Life that was lavished for thee!

Give as the heart gives, whose fetters are breaking, Life, love and hope, all thy dreams and thy waking. Soon at life's river thy soul-fever slaking, Thou shalt know God and the gifts that He gave !

Mohammed Has

to Arabia* REV. JOHN VAN ESS, BUSRAH, ARABIA IMIOHAMMED and I are the Lord of two hundred millions of enemies. I do not lay Moslems, and they know not where he has laid Him. Whatever he mayor up against him the fact may not have done for the Arab as such is only secondary to me. My con- that his birth and life cern is with the Arab as a potential Christian. Only in how far Moham- . and teachings are the med has affected the Arab as a potential Christian is for uS' important. If an- cause of my leaving other's criterion is simple heroism, then Mohammed was a hero, or if stateshome and friends and living in a fever- manship, then Mohammed was a states- man, all with due qualifications, howstricken, sun-burned Arabia. All these ever.

things even have their brighter side, Many lives of Mohammed have been written. It is interesting to notice for I have made new friends, and seen what various conclusions have been reached, simply because various criteria a great part of the world, and escaped have been set up to begin with. If it is the historian's interest to compare sleet and slush and snow, and perhaps Mohammed with Napoleon, he may reach one conclusion.' My business is appendicitis and automobile accidents. to compare him with Jesus Christ. But even here comes a vital test for me as I can say something good of Moham- well. If I approach the prophet of Islam with dim views of Jesus Christ, med also. Without probing very deeply, it affects immensely my estimate of Mo- hammed. If Jesus Christ is' only the I can say with benevolent delegates to center of an ethical system, then Mo- hammed is in the same class, tho far the "Religious Peace at any Price Con- enough below Him. But if Jesus Christ is the Son of God, and the Lamb ference" that Mohammed taught the of God that taketh away the sin of the world; the King of Glory Whose place unity of God, thus throttling idolatry Mohammed has usurped, the Man of Sorrows Who yearns over the one in Arabia, and thus anticipating the re- sheep astray on the hills, then to think of Mohammed in the same category vision of the creed; that he founded a were blasphemy.

great democracy where prince and As you estimate Jesus Christ, to that extent will your view of the Moslem pauper kneel to the same carpet, and also be affected. If my theory were thus anticipated the evangel of social service; that he raised the status of women and thus anticipated Equal Suf- frage. Under his followers science flourished, law was codified, and liter- ature blossomed. With some imagina- tion I can make out a fairly good case for Mohammed; in fact, I can bring him down to 1914 as an important fac- tor in the composite religion which shall offend no one and please all.

But I am not an historian with no ax to grind and therefore nothing to cut, nor a poet-taster with an eye only to what is pleasing, nor an arbiter re- quiring to give as well as take. I am a missionary, and my great and im- placable and unalterable enmity with Mohammed is that he has' taken away 'From N egfected Amilia, that Jesus of Nazareth was a good man, When we come to the good qualities even a Divine teacher, and if my theory of the Arab which Islam has spoiled, of the Atonement were only a moral we notice first of all the quality of one, I would leave for America to- mind. The Arab has a splendid mind. morrow and give up the evangelization Man for man, I think the Arabs have of the Moslem as a hopeless propo- a greater capacity for spiritual thinking sition. No, the sinless, kingly, trium- than any others I have met, of thinking phant, divine and risen Christ gives me acutely and even daringly. But into the only impetus, and is the only hope their psychical world fell the blight of for the Moslem, and in the light that "There is no god but Allah," and streams from the Cross, that Moslem is barrenness has been the result. The transfigured. first word of the Moslem creed is No, and it has negatived and petrified all What, then, has been Mohammed's in- his thoughts. It is claimed that Mofluence on the Arab? He has affected hammed by thus proclaiming the unity of God has conferred a lasting benefit. 1. The Arab'. Accessibility as a Man After nearly twelve years of mission- ary effort, I have not found it so. The Arab as suc,h, and no thanks to Give an incipient builder an inch-rule Mohammed, is hospitable. If there and he will build in inches. Give a were time and space, I could regale the rugged mind a small, simple, axiomatic reader with stories ad infinitum of open premise and that mind will become small doors, and hearty welcomes, and lavish and simple, and spend its ruggedness entertainment such as made me leave in fanaticism. He will moan, scream, the place shamefacedly and feeling gurgle, prattle "There is no god but under a lasting debt of gratitude. The Allah" from the cradle to the grave, hospitality is such' as' costs, it costs and think he is religious, regardless. of money, and it costs effort, and the Arab the fact that the devil makes the same cheerfully and loyally assumes' the con- confession. It is a marvel that a man sequences. Once you have eaten his like Ghazzali, with his splendid mind, bread and salt, he must convey you to never called in question the second the next tribe in safety. Once at the clause of his creed, Mohammed is the peril of his life, a mere stripling of a prophet of Allah. guide given me by a sheikh, stood off twenty others who thirsted for my The Arab has also no power of iniblood. Once again, a six year old child tiative. "We have given a prophet to in the saddle before me, proclaimed to the world of our blood and our race," all that I was to be unmolested as long they say, and sit forever drifting, lookas I was in the borders of his tribe. ing back at that dire event. From the days that Omar established his camp Again the Arab is of a discerning cities and made the Arabs.only soldiers mind, with a keen knowledge of human and defenders of the faith, to eat and nature. He surmises your answer even drink at the cost of the infidels, they before it has framed itself upon your have sat and sat, and are still sitting, lips. And he is dignified, or proud, if thinking to have done enough. Now you please, and loyal. All these are a and then one arises with· initiative great asset to the Gospel messenger, enough to start something, but the and yet all of these are racial charac- chances are ten to one that he will not teristics. Mohammed took them and in persevere. But suppose an Arab does the Koran and Traditions· fostered start something, and does persevere, he them, tho with this qualification that will persevere as a rule only in devious tho friendships became more binding, hatreds became more implacable.

paths. His moral backbone may be a watermelon, and the relations of the more upright than that of, say the sexes, etc., etc., until the brain grows Chinese or Japanese, but it is far from dizzy and the senses reel. conforming to the standards of Jesus Christ and the reason is that Moham- A few years ago I was addressing a med was first and last an opportunist, parlor gathering in America. My ar- "a hand-to-mouth lawyer." raignment of Mohammed was appar- ently too severe to suit the taste of one When we turn the picture and see of the ladies present, who, admitted what evil qualities in the Arab Mo- being attracted by Bahaism. So she hammed has corrected, we must at once took me to task for my narrowness, admit that Islam made the Arab earnest. even bigotry. Then seeing that the No frivolity, and no Hamitic lightness gathering consisted of married ladies of are his, but an earnestness which prays suitable age and understanding to hear and fasts, and in times past carried the it, I quoted for some ten minutes from sword to the very gates of Vienna. the Traditions of Bokhari, till the Liquor, too, has been put under the blushes and embarrassed coughs from ban, a good provision, but liable to behind handkerchiefs' and fans, indimake believers think that religion con- cated that even that platonic audience sists in what you do not do. was uncomfortable. Even then, some things can not be printed in European Of the unmoral qualities which Islam editions save in Latin foot-notes, for made potential stands out of course the the mails would not carry them. Such intense loyalty to one man, which Mo- is the source and fountain head of all hammed fostered and which the Chris- piety, and the stream can not rise higher tian missionary can and will use to the than its source. Under that head nothglory of God. ing more need be said. The morbidly curious may read Bokhari in a good On the whole then, Mohammed has French translation, obtainable at any made the Arab less accessible to the large book-sellers. Gospel. 3. The Arab's Possibilities as a Saint 2. The Arab'. Capacity as a Sinner In other words what will the new- Once in discussing with a Moham- born Arab church contribute to the medan, I chanced to say, "Thus and whole body of Christ the Lord? Here thus saith Mohammed in the Koran," I look up and thank my God for an and but for a hasty retreat on my part, earnestness in the Arab which will in the consequences might have been dis- the fulness of time hear the call, "Go astrous. To the Moslem only Allah ye into all the world," and will leap to speaks in the Koran, and Mohammed the front, holding high the Cross of was a passive instrument of transmis- Christ, and with even a greater zeal sion. But tho the Word of God be and a purpose so much nobler as Christ ever so perfect, yet man longs to see is nobler, carry that cross to a glorious how that Word has been lived out in victory. God's point of view, that Mothe life of the perfect disciple. hammed taught, but how God views the world through Christ was farthest from The result has been in Islam a mass Mohammed's thoughts. And it is our of traditions, which embody all that task and glorious privilege to let God Mohammed said and did and indicated shine into that darkened mind through and hinted and insinuated ad nauseam, the light that streams from the Cross. of things in heaven above and the earth beneath and the waters under the earth, of Allah's throne, and angel's wings and Mohammed's toothpicks, and how to eat

'What Christ Will Do for Arabia *

REV. S. M. ZWEMER, D.D., CAIRO,. EGYPT T is certain that He Government officials and Christian mer- IWI .1, will do much. Arabia is one of the most diffi- chants), He will work a fivefold work cult mission fields. Even to manifest His power and glory. to-day it is one of the 1. He will bring peace in all its borders, and we may look forward to a most neglected countries time when the Arabs shall beat their when we consider its vast unoccupied swords into plowshares and their.

interior provinces. Nearly everything spears into pruning hooks; when tribal that Arabia needs can only be given warfare shall cease and the .nomads her by Christ. He loves Arabia more become shepherds or tillers: of the soiL than do any of those who are there for He will use the wrath of men to praise His !iake. It is God's eterna1 pur- Him, and so· overrule the diplomacy of pose that this land shall also be a part nations as to open a door for His of the Kingdom of Christ. Our march- Gospel. The key of the gates of Mecca ing orders include Arabia. God's provi- already rests in the Pierced Hand.

dence is opening up Arabia, and finally II. Christ will win the childhood of we have the promise for this land in Arabia. Who can help loving these His own Holy Word. hundreds of thousands of dark-eyed, Christ has done much already. restless, bright Arab boys and girls?

Twenty-five years ago Arabia waS' Christ loves them, too. He will yet closed almost as rigidly as Afghanistan. gather them into His arms, for He Now this Jericho has been surrounded has h~ard Noorah's prayer and will by mission stations from Baghdad all send His mess'engers to lead her into the way around the Peninsula. the way that is straight.

What has been done on the East III. Christ will emancipate Arabia's coast is being planned for the u:omanhood. Slavery was doomed when Vest coast a; well. Our Danish Sister- the coast of Arabia began to be patrol- Mission has effectually occupied Hode- led by British gunboats. Polygamy is ida. The total number of out-patients doomed also. The new day already in the seven missionary hospitals of dawning for womanhood in Turkey Arabia annually almost outnumbers the and in Egypt will also come to Arabia.

total pilgrimage to Mecca. The Bible Moslems themselves are cooperating in has become the best selling book in preaching this new liberty and enlight- the Cradle of Islam, and where the enment. What wonderful results we name of Christian once was a reproach may expect when once schools for girls and a hissing, it now is at least re- exist all over the peninsula, and women garded with respect and by many with at the .yellside of Boreida, Hail and love. Medina listen to the story of the But we must remember that what- Crucified!

ever Christ will do for Arabia, He must IV. Christ will surely find for Him- do through His Church. Weare His self chosen vessels unto honor and representatives until He comes. By select His own living apostles from the the power of His spirit in the hearts of manhood of Arabia. Who can read the those whom He will choose as His mis- story of the early days of Islam with- sionaries (and this includes Christian out wishing that the early apostles of "From Neglected Arabia.

Mohammed had been apostles of Christ! earth . . . let the wilderness and the The character of the Arab has many cities thereof lift up their voices, the noble traits. His endurance, his cour- villages that Kedar doth inhabit; let age, his eloquence, his devotion to a the inhabitants of the rock sing, let leader-what would they not accomplish them shout from the top of the moun- if enlisted by Christ! Our chief aim tains." It is all there, with geograph- and our most ardent prayer. for mis- ical accuracy and up to date: "Cities in sions in Arabia must be this: that God the wilderness," that is Nejd under its will raise up converted Sauls to preach present government; Kedar forsaking the riches of His grace in Christ in the nomad tent and becoming villagers; such a way as no missionary can ever and the rock dwellers of Medain Salih! hope to do. "And I will bring the blind by a way they knew not; I will lead them in V. Christ will do all this for Arabia paths that they have not known; I will because He has promised it. The pros- make darkness light before them and pects for the dark peninsula are as crooked things straight." The only bright as the promises of God. They proper name, the only geographical can not fail. They are the, bedrock of center of the entire chapter, is Kedar. our hopes and the challenge to faith. Another group of missionary promises The sixtieth chapter of Isaiah is the for Arabia cluster around the names gem of missionary prophecy in the Old Seba and Sheba. "All they from Sheba Testament, and a large portion of it shall come; they shall bring gold and consists of special promises .for Arabia. incense and they shall show forth the "The multitude of camels shall cover praises of the Lord" (Is. Ix. 6) . . "The thee, the dromedaries of Midian and kings of Sheba and Seba shall offer Ephah (Sons of Keturah, Gen. xxv. gifts. Yea, all kings shall fall down 1-5); all they from Sheba (South before Him, all nations shall serve Arabia or Yemen) shall come; they Him. . . . He shall live and to Him . shall bring gold and incense; and they shall be given of the gold .of Sheba; shall show forth the praises of the prayer also shall be made for Him Lord. An the flocks of Kedar shall continually and daily shall He be be gathered together unto thee; they praised." (Psalm 72.) shall come up with acceptance on mine altar and I will glorify the house In the same Psalm that gives these of my glory." promises to Southern' and Eastern Arabia we have this remarkable verse: These verses read in connection with "He shall have dominion also from sea the grand array of promises that pre- to sea and from the river unto the ends cede them leave no room for doubt that of the earth. They that dwell in the the sons of Ishmael have a large place wilderness shall bow, before Him and in this coming glory of the Lord and His enemies shaH lick the dust." The the brightness of. His rising. It has river referred to is undoubtedly the only been delayed by our neglect to Euphrates, and the boundaries given evangelize northern Arabia, but God are intended to include the ideal extent will keep His promise yet and Christ of the promised land. Now it is, to shall see of the travail of His soul say the least, remarkable that modern among the camel drivers and shepherds Jewish commentators interpret this pas- of Nejd. And then shall be fulfilled sage together with the forty-eighth that other promise significantly put in chapter of Ezekiel so as to include the Isaiah xlii for this part of the penin- whole peninsula of Arabia in the land sula: "Sing unto the Lord a new song of promise. and His praise from the end of the

DEPADTMENT

OF BEST METHODS CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK SUGGESTIONS FOR MISSIONARY SERMONS AND ADDRESSES ~T HE pastor is the key- The amount of missionary preaching man. In no line of is said to be greatly in excess of what it was half a century ago. But it is still . Christian effort is this far from what it should be. This is largely due to the fact that so many more evident than in the ministers are not really interested in 'missions. According to the reports of development of mission- the denominational leaders consulted by the Home Base Commission of the ary interest in the Edinburgh Conference, the number of ministers vitally interested in missions churches. A missionary pastor makes a is only 5 per cent. in one denomination and IO per cent. in another. Several missionary church, almost without ex- denominations reported less than 25 per cent. interested, and in one only did the ception. "It is possible," says a well- proportion reach 7S per cent.! In most cases this lack of interest is shown not known bishop, "to trace some men from so much by opposition, as by indiffer- ence, and is due to a lack of knowledge church to church by the influence they of the facts. The remedy would seem to be more missions in the seminaries have exerted in arousing missionary en- and more gatherings like the Pastors' Missionary Conference m Rochester thusiasm. Unfortunately the opposite is last December.

also true." Lack of interest, h.owever, is not the only cause of the small number of mis- Of all the means at the disposal of the sionary sermons. Many a pastor is de- terred from preaching on the subject eh,urch for instructing and inspiring its because he believes it unpopular with his people. In many cases the prejudice members along missionary lines, the and opposition on the part of the con- gregation is greatly overrated. But where ministrations of the pulpit are the great- it really exists there is a twofold rem- edy that almost never fails. It is as est. "By his sermons the pastor can follows: bring the subject before the largest num- 1. Frequent use' of missionary illus- trations. "Let there be frequent alluber of members," says John R. Mott.l sions to missions," says John R. Mott. "Some people will at first resent mis- "Probably three-fourths of them do not read the missionary and other church periodkals. In what way save by preach- ing can we hope to bring the facts to their attention? All experience shows that the strong public presentation of the subject by one to whom the mem- bers look for guidance in all things spiritual is the best means of makil}g a deep impression upon them."

The pastors themselves recognize the truth of this. A chart displayed at the New England Conference of Methodist Men held in Boston last November shows that· out of a total of 816 pastors consulted, 431, or more than half, named preaching as the chief method of edu- cating the Church in missions.

1 "The Pastor and Modern Missions."

sionary sermons, but will not do so with 2. Missionary sermons unaccompanregard to illustrations. To influence ied by appeals for money. In too many them, use may be made of the endless churches m-i-s-s-i-o-n-s spells money. variety of effecth~e incidents and illus- It is the pastor who never talks missions trations drawn from missionary biog- without passing the contribution-box raphy and history bearing vitally on who finds his pews empty when he an- Christian experience at home." nounces a missionary sermon.

How Many Missionary Sermons Should There Be in a Year?

Twenty? Archbishop Temple, when Bishop of London, asked the clergy of his Twelve? diocese to preach twenty each year. Five? Some of the reading missionary secretaries, after a careful study of the churches, recommend twelve. A study of twenty-five churches which have yielded large results for missions showed thllt their pastors averaged five foreign missionary ser- mons each year. ~ Four? John R. Mott gives four sermons on world-wide missions as the mini- mum for each year.

One? Some pastors say so, the time and occasion being the annual collection for missions.

"The subiect of missions should have the same relative place in preaching that it has in the Word of God," says The JJIissionary Survey.

What say you?

MAKING MISSIONARY ADDRESSES EFFECTIVE How to make missionary sermons and of personality. Use illustrations and stories addresses more effective is a matter of to enforce general facts and principles. Avoid also the opposite peril of merely tellvital importance not only to pastors but ing anecdotes and not relating them closely to all who attempt to speak in public for to general missionary facts. missions-laymen, women, or young peo- 3. Be human. Let the emotions as well ple. J. Campbell White, general secre- as the intelligence be stirred. Study points of contact with the audience. Don't begin tary of the Laymen's Missionary Move- your address at a point too far removed ment, whose e f f e c t i v e missionary speeches have been such a factor in the from common experience. Humor that is present increase in interest throughout not forced is a help, if it is not overdone.

the churches, formulates the folIowing Human problems, like illiteracy, poverty, suggestions from "actual observation of suffering, make a powerful appeal to people, missionary speaking that hits the mark." and may open their hearts to the deeper He has made us all his debtors by the . spiri.tual needs. "Out of the heart (not the head) are the issues of life." We are govpoints printed in Men and Missions erned, not so much by what we know, as by (here somewhat condensed) : what we feel.

1. Give information rather than exhorta- Illustrations of the unnecessary suffering tion. "A~ audience. is always interested in the world, where Christ is not known, when it is learning." Appeals soon get are very valuable. I f these can be accom- tiresome. Let the facts be the main appeal. panied by object-lessons, however simple, 2. Deal largely with the concrete and tie their value is much increased.

up facts and principles with personality. 4. Present any topic in its widest rela- People are interested more in persons than tions. Study to give comprehensive views.

in principles. The Bible is written in terms (a) If speaking of a Hindu inquirer, let

OF BEST METHODS

his case illustrate some situation in Hindu- actually be done among men. To this end, ism generally. inform the mind, arouse the feeling, but never be satisfied without trying to move (b) If telling about work in your own the will of those to whom you speak. district, let it illustrate the conditions in a whole nation. Secreta of Duff'lI Success By common consent Alexander Duff (c) Think and speak in terms of the takes rank as the greatest of all mission- whole Kingdom rather than of your own ary orators. His vast audiences, not denomination merely. Of course, it is help- only in his native Scotland but in En- ful to use denominational facts for iIlus- gland and America, were swayed as by tration, but they should not obscure the some mighty, supernatural power. In larger work of the whole Kingdom. Every New York, reporters of secular dailies, Christian has a right to the inspiration of forgot their task, and laid down their' the success of the whole army of Christ, pencils to gaze spellbound into the face and also needs the challenge of the whole of the orator. world's need. As a result of his sublime and stirring appeals, men and money were poured 5. Study the value of the eye in acquir- out freely, and the whole Church was ing knowledge. About 80 per cent. of all given a new conception of its duty to we learn comes to 'us through the eye. the heathen. Many believe that his ad- Maps, charts, and object lessons of all kinds dresses at home accomplished fully as are, therefore, of great assistance in pic- much for the cause as his great work in turing the missionary situation. They double India. the power of matly a speaker. They are In his "Life of Duff" Doctor George also of much help in arousing the atten- Smith reveals some of the secrets of tion and interest of a tired audience. this marvelous power: I. No public speaker ever thought less 6. Meet criticism of missions indirectly, of himself or of the form of his oratory. as a rule without advertising them. z. None ever thought more of the mes- 7. Study accuracy in statement. Many a good cause is weakened by exaggeration. sage he believed he was charged with by One statement by a speaker, recognized as his Master to deliver to the Church and not true by a hearer, casts doubt on all the the country. rest he may sax. 3. While eschewing the mechanical 8. Study to minister to the spiritual needs preparation which would have cramped of the people in the audience. Missions while it polished his utterance, he did furnish splendid opportunity for this. Exalt not neglect the careful and admiring Christ, that seeing Him all may be en- study of the masters of English eloriched. quence from Chatham and Burke to Erskine and Canning. A little collec- 9. Be the incarnation of all you ask of tion of their masterpieces, carefully others. marked, seems to have been at one time his constant companion. From these he Unless a man is a message, he can not unconsciously derived the form of his speak a message of any power. Give what oratory; but not more from these than yoU ask and then ask what you will. from Chalmers, at whose feet he had sat. "Vvhat you are speaks so loud that I can not hear what you say." During the last few months of his life Duff gave, in conversation with Only a consuming conviction will burn its his children, some points concerning way deeply and permanently into other his method of preparation for pubiic hearts and lives.

"No great reform wiIl accomplish more than is latent in the character of the reformer." There is a deposit of character back of all words.

to. Have a definite and great purpose in all missionary speaking. It is not mere entertainment or informa: tion the people need. It is conviction, consecration, action, that the wiIl of God may

speaking. A friend, he told them, had FRUITFUL LINES OF APPEAL said to him: "Duff, there's one thing connected with your ipeeches I can not In view of the wide range of topics understand. They seem from beginning available for missionary sermons and adto end to be sudden, impromptu, spon- dresses the question of selection is one taneous effusions. Yet there are parts of of importance. Some months ago the them that look so artistically and arti- Editor of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW put ficially prepared that it is difficult to be- to Dr. R. H. Glover, Foreign Secretary lieve them impromptu." To this Duff of "The Christian and Missionary Alsaid he had made the following reply: liance," whose addresses in various parts of the country were proving so "When called upon to make a specific effective, the following question: speech on a special occasion, my method was this: I abhorred the idea of address- "In making the missionary appeal at ing a great public audience on any sub- home what lines of thought have you ject without thoroughly mastering all found most fruitful?" the principles and details of it. I revolved these over repeatedly in my own The answer prepared by Mr. Glover mind until they became quite familiar on shipboard while en route to China is to me. I then resolved to leave the worthy of careful study. modes of expressing my views or embodying them in language till the time "My own missionary appeal" he says, of delivery. I felt that if I myself thor- "has consisted of the recital of the facts oughly understood my subject I ought and conditions in the ~t'ork abroad, parto be able to make it reasonably intelli- ticularly emphasizing the wonderful gible to all thoughtful men. providential forces at work during the last decade (notably in China, but in 'a "In the course of a long and elaborate measure in all the great mission fields), speech on a vital and important sub- bringing the entire missionary world to ject there were often points that re- a condition of peculiar 'ripeness unto quired great delicacy, or even nicety, in harvest,' preparing it for an aggressive giving them formal expression. These and effective forward movement of particular points I thought over and over world-wide evangelization, and thus for again until not only the thought be- the completion of the task given the came fixt and confirmed, but aho the Church to accomplish during the present very mode of expressing it. So in the dispensation. delivery of the speech; when these points came up I gave them in the language "In connection with the new condiwith which they had become riveted and tions in China and other fields, I have associated in my own mind." sought to point out, not only the favor- ing features, but the threatening ones- John R. Mott says the opening of the floodgates of a god- less civilization, I and the consequent the secret of successful missionary CRISIS, calling for prompt and vigorous sermons is action if we are to make good the present unprecedented opportunity. THOROUGH PREPARATION "I have found the presentation of con- "Whenever a pastor devotes the same trasts between the earlier and later con- quality of thought and the same amount ditions and aspects within my own per- li)f time to work on his sermons on sonal experience very effective, and have missions as he does to other subjects, frequently dwelt upon the 'before and there is no complaint about the lack of after' of missionary work as a concrete missionary interest." argument for missions.

"Besides this field end of the appeal I have found it necessary to press strongly

OF BEST METHODS

the various arguments for missions. I missionary .labor which do not occupy believe my most effective messages have the. first place in the Scriptural program. been those which have driven home upon I have found a true belief in the preheart and conscience Missionary Re- milIienial coming of Christ a tremendous sponsibility from the teaching of the stimulant to missionary interest and sac- Word. I have used the miracle of the rifice. feeding of the five thousand as an inspired parable of missions with good ef- "I have also come to feel that the only fect. Another favorite subject is mis- satisfactory basis for missionary appeal sionary responsibility exprest in scrip- is spiritual life. I have stood before tural terms', such as "debtor," "steward," large, wealthy, and intelligent audiences "trustee," "ambassador," "watchman," and felt my appeal fall as coals of fire etc. I have also traced God's world-wide into water; in other instances, small and plan through both Old and New Testa- humble companies have yielded large rements, especially dwelling upon the plan sponse. The difference was one of spiriand principles of missions as laid down tual life. I therefore strongly favor the in the Acts. uniting of spiritual teaching and testi- mony with appeals for missions. "Holding strongly to a premillenial view, I must say frankly that I can not "I have proved that stereoptican views have the same interest in or hope for may be made effective and deeply conmissionary appeal or work which does vincing as well as entertaining, tho I not link together the present missionary have seen a good many views that did enterprise and the Lord's return. I feel not work that way. Like every other that those who do not hold that blessed line, it depends upon the conviction of hope have not the proper objective, and the speaker himself, and his making the hence usually lay stress upon forms of views lead up to the vital point and to a climax."

The Pastor's Task:2 To Produce Missionary Conviction in the Hearts of His People r To accomplish this he must The great missionary principles in the Word of God. Feed them on") The great missionary facts as they have been L wrought out in the extension of the Kingdom.

Facts! Facta! Facts!3 Iy from the vicinity of Wall Street, said "May I be very frank in making one that he had listened to many missionary suggestion?" asks the Rev. Cornelius H. sermons, and he offered this observa- Patton, D.D., secretary of the American tion: 'The trouble with most missionary Board, whose address on "The Science sermons is that the preachers are long and Art of Missionary Preaching" on .exhortation and short on the facts: arol1sed so much interest at the Pastors' Missionary Conference at Rochester last "Let us take this criticism in good December. "A shrewd layman, evident- nature, and frankly examine our ser- mon methods before we reject it. May • Adapted from D. Clay Lilly in Men and Mis· it not be with some of us that the habit sions. of dealing with religious and philosophi- cal abstractions, of laying down princi- 3 From "Suggestions and Data for ~ermons on ples, of elaborating ideas, and developthe N e~ Era in Foreign .Missions for the Exclusive ing texts, holds us as in a vise? Use of Pastors.," by Cornelius H. Patton. This ex· cellent pamphlet can be obtained by pastors only from the Missionary Education Movement, 156 fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y.

"It is a psychological truth that men Can a church be true to Christ and not be are more influenced by facts than by a missionary church? arguments. Certainly they are not influenced by arguments unsupported by How go about creating a missionary facts. It is so with religion. The num- church? ber of men argued into believing in God is small compared with those who find What are the lines of activity to be fol- God speaking to them in the works of lowed by such a church? nature and in the voices of their own souls. Have we been a missionary church in the past? "Has not this simple truth a value in the matter of winning the rank and file Do we desire to be one now? of our church-members to the missionary Are we wiJIing to pay the price? enterprise? Some may be won over by direct argument, but perhaps more will This would form an excellent outline stiffen their minds and seek counter ar- for a sermon at any time. The following guments by way of rebuttal. Such is "standard for missionary education and human nature. Argumentation has its giving," recently 'printed in Missions, place; but the facts of the work, the wiII help in answering several of the gr~at realities of the mission fields, are questions: mo~e potent if we would win the man who sits at the end of the pew. 1. A representative church missionary committee. "I am not appealing for a string of stories in missionary sermons. Far from 2. Missionary sermons. that. What is needed, if the churches 3. Regu'lar missionary program meetare to be aroused, is a marshaling of the great facts of the mission field according ings. to some well-chosen principle of selec- 4. Systematic missionary education in tion, and then such an interpretation of these facts a's will compel attention and the Sunday-school. bring conviction. The present world- 5. Women's missionary meetings. situation means something to Christ. It 6. A club for Missions. should mean something to Christ's peo- 7. A mission study class. pIe; and it will mean something when 8, Circulation of missionary literature. the people know about it. There is no 9. Weekly missionary offerings. one thing more important just now than 10. An annual every-member canvass. a definite and earnest purpose on the part of p,astors to 'preach up' missions. "This does not include everything that Let our ,pastors master the facts, become may be done," says Doctor John M. afire with enthusiasm as they consider Moore, secretary of the Baptist Departtheir meaning, and then speak with the ment of Missionary Education, "but is it ring of conviction, and we shall see the not a 'big, comprehensive program for situation changing with great rapidity." any church? The best of it is that even a little church can do as much as this. A MISSIONARY CHURCH At the beginning of the year The Mis- "Rating each of these points at 10 per sionary Herald urged the preaching of a cent., what percentage does your church New Year's sermon, with a discussion of register at the present time? Why not the following questions: at once fill in what is lacking, and make it 100 per cent.?" What constitutes a church a missionary church? OPEN DOORS4 A Home Missionary Sermon BY DELAWARE w. SCOTT, LOUISVILLE, KY. Text-Rev. 3 :8. "Behold I have set be- fore thee an open door, and no man can shut it."

In our st-udy of missions we talk much of "open doors" in far-away lands-"the • Adapted from The American Home Mis,ionary.

OF BEST METHODS

open doors of China," etc. We also have to whom we send the Gospel in much to say about the "open doors of non-Christian lands.

America," but too often we fail to see the Low in Moral Standard? They have handwriting of God across the archways. come to learn from us. Shall we We may even be trying, by legislative ac- disappoint them.

tion, to close doors God has opened. Not Needed? They form the back- 1. THE OPEN DOOR BEFORE THE bone of our army of toilers, and are the producers of our wealth. CHURcH-"Behold I have set before thee A Problem? We do not shrink an open door." from other problems. Unchristianized? Christ has waited Doors are opened to admit men, not to long for us to take His message to keep them out. them. N ow He is sending them to us. Some doors are opened to admit us into lands across the sea.

Others are opened to admit to us the heathen nations from across the sea. WHY THIS WASTE 75 The same God opens their doors to us A Foreign Missionary Sermon and our doors to them. Text; "Why was this waste of the oint- II. AMERICA, THE OPEN DOOR OF Op- ment made?" Mark 14 :4.

PORTUNITY. The incident from which this text is The first settlers of America saw an taken is distinguished above all others open door before them and prest into it by the fact that Jesus declares that it in search of shall be held in world-wide and undying remembrance. Wherever missions have 1. Political Freedom. been established this has been realized. 2. Religi01ls Liberty. 3. Opportunity for Unhindered Devel- The obvious moral of the story, how- ever, has not prevented the application opment. to foreign missions of a question, oft- 4. Homes to Shelter Them. repeated and lOUd-sounding, which is The mary millions of foreigners' who practically the same as that of Judasare pressing through our open doors to- "Why this waste?" day come for the very same reasons. 1. THE ApPARENT JUSTIFICATION OF • III. WHO CAN SHUT THESE DOORS? THE QUESTION. "VVhich no man can shut." r. In the face of home needs is it not Can we shut them by a waste to spend millions a year on mis- Legislative enactment? sions to the heathen? Our own selfish hostility? By repudiating our responsibility? 2. In view of the great mortality in Africa and elsewhere, is it not a waste IV. THE STRANGER WITHIN THY to send out missionaries to pestilential GATES. Ve are told that these strangers regions?

are undesirable. 3. In the face of the dearth of efficient Are they undesirables because they are; pastors at home, is it not a waste to send Poor? They are of the class that so many capable and trained men to the formed the tide of immigration to mission field?

this country 300 years ago, and II. THE ABSOLUTE INJUSTICE OF THE that formed the companionship of QUESTION.

Jesus Christ 1900 years ago. 1. The motive is wrong.

Ignorant? They have fine minds 15 This outline, adapted from "The Missionarv and are very teachable, and not Speakers' Manual/' by Buckland and MuJ1in"s half so ignorant as many of those (London: James Nisbet & Company), originally ap- peared in Hesse's Die Mission auf der Kanzel.

(a)' Judas was not concerned on ac- spirit of devotion, and adding count of the poor, but because he other rich blessings.9 was a thief. (lohn 12 :6.) (d) Men accept lucrative business po- sitions and official appointments (b) As a rule, opponents of foreign to unfavorable climates, or are missions are actuated, not by zeal sent off on military service to for the advancement of God's posts of great danger, and there Kingdom at home, but by a nar- is no outcry against it. row spirit of selfishness. ee) The number of men sacrificed in 2. The principle is wrong, i.e., that Mary's offering was wasted and thus missionary work is as nothing profitless. compared with the losses in even a minor war. ((I.) The most convincing instance of U) The deaths of missionaries stimu- this is found in the life, suffer- late the devotion of the home ings, and death of Jesus Him- Church; e.g., How many men self. Thirty years in the quiet of and women have been led to give Nazareth, three years of public themselves to God's work at home life hidden away in a little corner as well as abroad by such deaths of the earth-what a waste of a as those of Livingstone, Patteson, beautiful life! But se~ John and Hannington? 12 :24.6 A GREAT PREACHER'S REMEDY (b) Through Mary's deed of love and Phillips Brooks was once asked: Christ's commendation of it every "What is the first thing you would do if similar so-called waste in God's you had accepted a call to become the service is justified. rector of a small, discounged congrega- tion that is not even meeting its current 3. The inference is wrong, i.e., that expenses ?" men and money given for missions are "The first thing I would do," he rewasted. plied, "would be to preach a sermon on, and ask the congregation to make an of- (a) The amount spent for foreign fering for, foreign missions." missions is a mere trifle in com- Phillips Brooks was never called to parison with other objects of ex- that kind of church, but many pastors penditure-war, luxuries, vice.7 and congregations to-day are proving in their own experience that the best (b) Money expended for mISSIOns way to keep out of debt, develop a brings a fruitful return in in- healthy church, serve the local commu- creased scientific knowledge and nity, is to adopt a world missionary the extension of commerce.s policy and make offerings for carrying the message of Christ into all the world. (c) The support of foreign missions has a beneficial effect on the 9 For a conspicuous example of this, see "The church at home, deepening its Story of Pastor Harms and the Hermannsburg 11ission," l1rSSIONARY REVIEW~ July, 1899, pages 6 See also "The Evolution of New China," by 489·499. Brewster, pages 3I4~I6.

'f See "The Cost of Superfluities," MrsSIONARY REVIEW, October, 19l4, page 792.

8 See "Human Progress Through Missions," by Barton.

Isaiah 6:8 An offer of service ………………. "Here am I; send me." A prayer for commissioning ……… "Here am I; send me."

In his great sermon, "The Divine Call for Missionaries," Spurgeon used this text both ways

W DLD-WiDE

MISSI ADYNEWS INDIA . "Then the vernacular versions of the English Bible could be counted on the Population According to Religion fingers of one hand; now there are translations of the Scriptures in seventy- Increase six Indian languages and dialects, in- cluding eighteen translations of the 1901. 1911. per cent whole Bible."

Hindu ….. 207,147,026 217,586,920 5.04 Mass Movements Increasing Mussulman . 62,458,077 66,623,412 6.66 BISHOP ROBINSON of the Metho- dist EpiscopaL Church, declares Buddhist 9,476,759 10,721,449 13.13 that the movements among multitudes of the common people of India toward Animistic .,. 8,584,148 10,295,168 19.94 Christianity are still taking place in various parts of the country. They are Christian … 2,923,241 3,876,196 32.24 strongest around Delhi and in the United Provinces, but they prevail also in the Sikh ……. '2,195,339 3,014,466 37.37 Panjab, the Central Provinces, and in Baroda. In Meerut, 50,000 baptisms Jain …….. 1,334,148 1,248,182 -6.44 have resulted tho there are only two missionaries in that area. Parsee ….. 94,190 100,100 6.27 Mr. Schaatz, the missionary statiol1('d Jewish ….. 18,228 20,980 15.09 at Ballia, says that he is besieged on all hands by villagers who come begging_ Various …. 129,900 37.108 -70.98 him to go and baptize them. They come from the villages, some many miles. Total ……. 294,361,056 313,523,981 6.51 distant, urging the missionary to come out and give them an opportunity of I Anglican Progress in India accepting Christianity. He has baptized N connection with the centenary of the nearly 1,000 of them in seven months, . appointment of the first Bishop of and finds it impossible to take advantage Calcutta, the Church Missionary Society of the opening because of the lack of Gazette points out some 'striking facts of money and workers. Anglican Church progress during the century: In the seven great Indian areas now deeply affected by the mass movements, "In 1ST4 there were 700,000 Christians there are 565 Indian native preachers. of all denominations and races in India; In the Delhi district there are 350,000 now there are 3,876,203 Christians; and people ready to embrace Christianity. of these 492,317 belong to the Anglican A practical laymen's movement among Communion. the Chaudharis has been set on foot. They agree, as lay agents without "Then there was one Anglican bishop salaries, to evangelize their whole comin the whole of the eastern hemisphere; munity and prepare them for baptism if 1!OW there are thirteen dioceses in the Province of India alone, and the Bishop of Assam will be the fiftieth consecrated for India. Then there were forty Anglican clergy, and no Indian clergy; no:u there are 93I clergy, 30I of whom are Indian.

((Then there were fifteen churches; 110W there are I,2I5. Then there were very few Anglican schools and no college; now there are 239 schools, eighteen colleges, and fifteen divinity schools. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 300 the Christian missionary societies will people. Many Christians took part in provide for their pastoral care. these meetings. We conducted these meetings in the front of our house. Christ, an Indian's Ideal People of Padal circuit and of sur- rounding villages had come to these A METHODIST missionary in India, meetings. We told them about our Rev. E. Stanley Jones, narrates a Savior Lord Jesus. Many people were striking experience, which is typical of greatly imprest with the preaching, and the attitude of many thoughtful men in by the grace of God many hearts were India to-day. drawn toward Christianity, and we thank God for this. Dharalas, Pati- "While giving a series of addresses dars, a'nd many of the high caste a short time ago, I was asked if the people who were followers of this sect audience might question me freely on came to this' MeIa, and we had an opthe last night. I gladly agreed to this portunity to preach .to them also. plan. The finest lawyer in Sitapur was Ramdas Bava expected to receive more secured to prepare a case on what I money than at the time of last Mela, had been saying. He came armed with but his expectation remained unfulgreat piles of papers. The burden of filled. From this it is concluded that his objections was the failure of Chris- the people have not so much inclinatianity among Western nations. This tion toward this Bava as at first. Many was beside the point, of course. But people, by the effect of the preaching things took a complete turn when, of Christianity seemed to fall back ignoring this criticism, I strest Christ from him. We thank God for this. Himself wholly without the background The Bava came to our house and he of Western civilization. In painting made much pr.essure upon us to go to the beauty of His character, I stopt his house for dinner, but we refused, and said, 'Oh! how I wish I were like saying it was worship of an idol. At Him!' To my great surprize the cross- this our saying they were greatly imexamining lawyer exclaimed, '1 do, prest." too. 1 do, too.' And he certainly meant it."

Native' Christians as Evangelists The Three Pictures W RITING from Baroda Camp, In- A TELLING article that appears in dia, Rev. John Lampard men- The East and W cst, on Christian tions that he has just completed a tour and Buddhist ideals, gives "three picof his district. The work is large and tures": One is a little room on the the duties onerous. The area of the top story of a tenement in a slum district is about 6,000 square miles, near the Regent's Canal. The owner and there are Christians living in 435 of the, attic, in her simple deaconess villages and numbering over II,000. dress, greets the visitor with a radiant Mr. L. encloses a translation of a smile. She has left a home of ease, letter received from one of the work- and spends her time in helping the ers, which furnishes a vivid illustra- sick and visiting the poor. She has tion of the evangelistic zeal of the found her ideal, and followed it. Annative Christians. (The "Bava" was a other picture, this time from China, is leader of a religious sect): of a tiny cell in a Buddhist monastery, where a Buddhist monk has sat for "Loving salaams from your worker many years. He has taken a vow of Luksham Dhula and his family. The complete silence, and never opens his Mela of Ramanandi Sect was held here lips. What a mistaken idea of a God on the 2nd November. Four big meet- of Love, to think that He should give ings were conducted by us among these

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

the gift of speech ill order to ha'Ve It all the missionaries were put to death thus thrown away! The third is the thirteen years ago, the place of assembly l>icture of a Hindu fakir. He has a was the new mission church. The meetlong wooden board dotted over with ing was attended by the magistrate and spikes, and on these he has sat or lain by the official and unofficial leaders. The for more than five years. His religion church was packed, One of the interest- (partly influenced, no doubt, by Budd- ing points about that service was that at hism), has landed him in exactly the its close the city elders, who had become same quagmire as the Chinese monk. deeply interested, asked if' they might Compare the three ideals! hold a similar meeting on the following day. Permission was granted, the city CHINA elders finding the speakers, and the mis- sionaries the men to pray, At the close Fifty Years Work in China of this second service, some 25 of the city gentry who were present, handed in REV. J. STUART HOLDEN, who is their names as wishing to form a class now Home Director of the China for the study of Christianity. Out of Inland Mission, writes: this second meeting there grew a class f)f some eighty adults representing the "In May we shall celebrate, if the Lord official classes and the gentry, who began tarry, the jubilee of the Mission. In a systematic and regular study of Chrisconnection with this glad occasion a tianity, and a considerably larger number volume is being prepared which will put of the students in Government schools at our disposal such a summarized formed other classes with the same account of God's gracious dealings object,"-MedicaZ Missions at Home and during these fifty years as can not 'fail Abroad. to inspire each of us to fresh praise and new surrender. For He has indeed AThe War a Teat of Christians dealt bountifully with us. It has, for in- PRESBYTERIAN m iss ion a r y stance, been on the hearts of not a few writes from Yeung Kong, China, "A to ask for the completion of 50,000 bap- 1110st striking and faith-strengthening tisms by the end of this period; and to fact is evident, and that is the increasing His praise alone I am able to say that separation in aim between the faithful jUdging by present indications we may followers of Christ and the world. I confidently expect that this total will be have yet to hear of one individual Chrisreached. What a glorious harvest of tian who is in favor of the war. In the the seed sown in weakness by our be- matter of care for missions of the counloved forerunners of fifty years ago!" tries at war, the pastor in charge of the German Mission in Hong Kong in- Radical Changes in China formed me that the first gift he received after declaration of war was ten pounds THE changes in China during the past sterling from an English missionary in Hankow." , twelve months are as wonderful as any that have occurred in the years Chinese Christians and the Jews since the Revolution which preceded the abdication of the Manchu dynasty. T HAT the native Chinese congrega- Most notable of an was the Govern- tions in connection with the Presbyment's call to prayer fo be observed on terian Church of England should 27th April in an the Christian churches, systematically support Gospel work an order which was followed not only in among the Jewish people, is a fact of China, but widely also through Christen- peculiar interest. In an explanatory dom. Here is one illustration of these meetings in interior China. "At Fenchofu, in the province of Shansi, where

communication, a nativCi pastor writes: the mouth of every man, woman and "Formerly the Christians in China child in China" is tbe watchword of one were indifferent as to the salvation of of the big Anglo-American tobacco the Jews, not realizing that they had a companies.

duty in the matter; but of late years After the Eddy Meetings they have recognized that they also R. ARTHUR H. SMITH writes that D have a .responsibility to that people. the follow-up work in Peking has Realizing this, the Synod of the Presbyterian Church of South Fukien have been directly related to the different decided that a collection shaH be taken – churches. Great numbers of the enyear'by year on an appointed day for the quirers are not only attending the Sun- day evening meetings but also the morn- Evangelization of the Jews." Thus, in a very striking manner, from ing service. The whole tone has changed the Far East we are furnished with because of this attendance of large numgrounds for praying that God's ancient bers of students who had never come to people, still scattered throughout the church before. world, may be saved through the min- Every month there is also held a istry of believing Gentiles-that, as the special social meeting for the inquirers great Apostle wrote, "through your and others. These have been very popmercy they also may obtain mercy" ular, each being attended by from 200 to 300 persons, mostly government students. (Rom. II: 31). "We feel," he says, "that the church is What Some Bibles Did now meeting their needs intellectually A SCHOLAR in Peking has been in- as well as religiously; and we be- vestigating the New Testament for lieve that the educated classes in Peking himself and has been soundly converted. will, as never before, look up to the "My Word" . • "not void." He came church as a center not only of religious into the Bible Society rooms in Peking propaganda, but of culture and learning, and said that he was persuaded of the and as a center from which they can absolute truth and inestimable value of serve the community. In this way we this book to renovate Ghina. He had have a growing movement which we investigated various faiths. This was pray may be of lasting value to the the one that rung true. Could he get Christian church in Peking, and to the, copies to send to his friends? As many whole Christian movement in China."

as 50? Could he get 500 copies Finally Christian Activity of Bible W omeD he ended by buying 5,584 copies of the New Testament, some in elegant leather MR. BECK reports the largest numbindings for influential friends. He ber of Bible-women employed in paid for them at once and was preparing any of our agencies. Their work is of elegant silk sheets to accompany many great interest and blessing, as the folof them. On these sheets were written lowing extracts indicate: From General in scarlet and gold characters his esti- Secretary Crispin of the Salvation mate of the precious Book. Pray for Army we have this testimony concernthose Bibles.-MRs. ARTHUR H. SMITH. ing some of our Bible-women: "One of our Bible-women named Yun Po. In Cigareta for China was visiting the house of a woman who W HEN ,the Christians held their first had worshiped the devil for twenty- service at the Altar of Heaven in seven years. After talking, prayin!"

Peking, agents of the tobacco companies and reading the Bible to her she was were selling cigarets at this same- led to see that there was a greater Chinese Holy of Holies. "A cigaret in power than that of the devil-the

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power of the Savior's blood,' which municants number I4,192. During last could take all her sins away the mo- year I,280 children and 2,I02 adults ment she repented and believed. were baptized. In 29 hospitals and 2I Eventually this woman bowed her dispensaries over a quarter of a milknees in prayer, and has ever since lion patients were treated. The highest been a diligent searcher of the Word of figures were in Chekiang and Fukien, God. There was such a change in her where the Church Missionary Society life that her son, who was slightly has large institutions, and curiously defective in his mind, was taken hold enough were exactly equal-58,408 in of, and instead of striking her as he each diocese; but according to Church had been used to doing, he bowed his Missionary Society returns, nearly 100,- knees and afterward went to the house 000 visits of out-patients were recorded of God with her. It is wonderful to in Church Missionary Society hos'pitals us what good has' been wrought in Fukien in the year 19I3. through the assistance of the Bible Society in sending forth women to Going Into Shenai teach the Word. We are grateful for all that has been done in this respect SHENSI, the great central province in helping us in the Salvation Army:"- of North China, is rich in coal, Bible Society Record. iron and petroleum, and is one of the sections in which the Standard Oil The Anglican Church in China Company has particularly desired, and recently secured, concessions. Its people, I N April, I9 I2, representatives of the who are strong and intelligent, declare various sections of the Anglican that they are direct and unmixed des- Communion in China met at Shanghai, cendants of the tribes which came examined finally a constitution and originally to China from the cradle of canons which had been tentatively the race. Sian-fu, the capital of Shensi, adopted three years before, and then was the seat of government and home formally adopted them, thus bringing of the emperors for hundreds of years into corporate existence th~ "Chung before Christ. Hua Sheng Kung Hui" ("Church of China"). The Church consists of Ten or twelve important walled cities eleven dioceses, namely Shanghai, Vic- are in the northern part of the provtoria, Chekiang, North China, Western ince, which has been assigned to the China, Hankow, Shantung, Fukien, American Board for missionary occu- Kwangsi and Hunan, Honan, and An- 'pation. Through one of these, Yu-Linking. The third issue of the "Chinese fu, under shadow of the Great WaH Churchman's Year Book" just to hand and the headquarters of the army of consists mainly of statistical tables. the Northwestern provinces, passes The foreign (i.e. European and Ameri- practically all of China's trade with can) staff numbers II bishops, I48 Eastern Mongolia. A generous friend, clergymen, and 557 other workers, in- hearing of the addition of this great cluding wives. In the Chinese staff district to the Board's already large there are 99 clergymen, and I,452 other responsibilities, gave a thousand dollars workers, besides 30 candidates for the for immediate use in sending out ministry and 369 students in training Chinese evangelists and preachers as catechists, Bibk women, nurses, etc. trained in Fenchow Theological semi- There are 31,323 baptized Christians nary, in the neighboring province of (of whom over 10,000 are in Fukien) Shansi, who will be under the superand 7,3I7 catechumens, and the com- vision of a missionary or of an experi- enced Chinese pastor.

Curious Marriage Customs Last autumn six cages' hanging out- MARRIAGE customs in China are side one of the city gates, exhibited peculiar, and vary in different the heads of six recently slain brigands.

parts of the country. Dr. C. E. Tomp- One bore the name of White Wolf, kins of Suifu, Szechuen, was asked re- whose wild career of pillage and blood- cently by one of his converts, a young shed struck terror to the hearts of the man of twenty, to find him a wife. In people of several provinces. But the girls' school a young woman was whether this head is actually his re- found who was both ready and willing, mains a matter of doubt and specu- so negotiations were started. The lation.-Alliance Weekly.

young couple do not correspond or see JAPAN-KOREA each other until they meet at the wed- A Call to the Home Church ding ceremony. The gifts of the pros- S pective groom were carried on a tray OUTHERN Methodist missionaries write home: "At this time when the by two servants to the house where the compact was to be written, for the call is for a great advance in the Chris- betrothal ceremony is very serious and tian evangelization of Japan, the clouds binding. The representatives of the have thickened and overcast the sky in interested parties met, pen and ink the home lands. Our prayer to God is were brought, and a Chines'e teacher, that the great struggle in Europe may opening a big red paper folder, richly not distract the attention of the Church decorated, inscribed in it the full name or interfere with its unalterable purpo3e of each of the young people, together to present Christ to those who need with the year, month, day and hour of Him; but on the contrary that it will their birth. In the four corners of the inspire to greater sacrifice and incite to page were written "heaven long" and a more relentless warfare against the "earth old," meaning as long as the powers of darkness and sin. After a sun shines and the earth stands. After careful survey of our field we find that this ceremony tea and cakes were in order to strengthen the position of served and the girl's return gifts to the our Mission in response to immediate young man were placed on the tray. demands; the following reinforcements should be sent to us: I . We desire to Items of Interest from Kaifeng open twenty new stations for which resident missionaries are required. 2. I N Kaifeng, the important provincial We need twenty single ladies to be sent capital of Honan, Dr. Whitefield for direct evangelistic work. 3. Thirty Guinness of the China Inland Mission, new Church buildings are needed and a a son of the late Dr. Grattan Guinness, still greater number of Sunday-school has an excellent hospital work, which chapels. 4. Large endowments for our is held faithfully subservient to spiri- schools are needed, especially for the tual ends. Kaifeng is a great city of Kwansei Gakuin and the Hiroshima perhaps 250,000 people. It is six miles Girls' School. south of the YeHow River, and lies at a lower level than the river itself, from which it is protected by high city walls Signs of Progress Among Japanese and strong dykes. It was here that the "THE steady onward movements of only colony of Jews in China once God's forces are seen in the reg- lived. There is no longer any trace of ular weekly meetings, but we need some- them or their temple, but two stone times to storm the forts by special ef- tablets, engraved with Chinese char- fort. Such an effort has jUst been made acters, remai~ to commemorate this ex- in our four .churches on the Kyoto cir- tinct community. cuit and at Kyoto station. The meeting

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lasted two weeks, and many souls wen: I'. Terauchi, Japanese Governor-General reached with the Gospel message for the of Korea. These six men were the only first time. More than fifty exprest a defendants finally found guilty in Ocdesire to be instructed more fully in tober, 1913, among 105 Christian conthese things. They are as earnest verts, who were accused of a plot to kill seekers after the light as I have ever the Governor-General of Korea. By obtried to lead. In Central the greatest taining this pardon the Japanese Preresults were realized, as we were able mier, Count Okuma, who for long has to reach more people in our new church heen friendly to missions, atones for the building. About ten of them will be great blunder committed by the overbaptized before the end of the year. I officious and unduly suspiCious police am glad to be able to report that the administration of Korea. The evidence congregations in our new church are in- produced at the trial made it plain that creasing regularly and conditions are there never existed such a plot as was most encouraging."-W. A. DAVIS, mentioned in the charges. This act of justice must strengthen Japan in the KYOTO. esteem of Americans and result in new loyalty on the part of Koreans. We feel New Dictionary for Koreans confident that the worst features of this affair wiII never be repeated. R. GEORGE HEBER JONES is D the author of a new English- A Christian Orphanage Korean Dictionary just issued by the Methodist Publishing House of Tokyo, DOCTOR PETTEE gives in the Japan. The Dictionary consists of Japan Evangelist an account of Mr. scientific, technical, literary and general theological terms. The main part con- Ishii's orphanage at Okayama. When tains over five thousand English words, still a medical student, Mr. Ishii was with twice as many subsidiary terms. stirred by reading about the work for These are defined both in Korean and in street waifs 'carried on by John Pounds, Chinese and the whole 10 indexed by a the Portsmouth cobbler, and about that of list of Korean terms with numbered George MiilIer for 'Bristol orphans. In citations that refer back to the body of 1887 he befriended a beggar lad, and the text, thus making the volume avail- shortly after rented a Buddhist temple able for Koreans who desire to find the for his growing family of dependents. English or Chinese equivalent of scien- Out of these beginnings has grown the tific or theological terms in their native great orphanage at Okayama which has language. There are fifty thousand served as a model for many another instudents in the modern school system in stitution in Japan and other Eastern Korea to whom the volume will be of countries. The main principles of the service. undertaking are: faith in prayer; 110 reserves beyond to-day; self-support; Korean Christians Released education of head, hand and heart; the cottage system; farm colonizing; no re- ON February 13th a pardon from the fusal of entrance to a needy orphan; no incurring of debt; tithing for the Lord's Japanese Emperor set free Baron work. There are about 10,000 Japanese Yuin Chi Ho, a former cabinet minister; contributors to the work. Nearly 600 Yan Ki-Tak, formerly connected with children are in residence, but during the the Korean Daily News; An Tai-keg, famine of 1906 more than 800 additional 1m Chi-Chong, Yi Sung-Hun and. Ok half-starved, .vermin-covered youngsters Wan-Pin, who in July of 1913 were sen- were brought in and cared for. tenced to six years' imprisonment for an alleged attempt to as·sassinate General

Baby Contest in Korea thcm give up their Kurdish headdress, as there was danger that in the fighting "BETTER babies contests" arc a fam- the Russian soldiers would mistake them iliar feature of the work among for Kurds. So they went around beg- ging all the cast-off European fedoras, the poor in our great cities, and the straws, derbys, etc., and one strapping educational value of the plan is being mountaineer was seen with his precious proven on the mission field. In Songdo, gun over his shoulder and a lady's fancy- Korea', some sixty-five women were en- shaped leghorn perched on his head. rolled. In Bible classes, and at the end of the term's work, a baby show was Urumia Missionaries Isolated held. Miss Hortense Tinsley writes of it: "We grouped the babies together HE Presbyterian Foreign Board rein different sections and displayed large, T ceived the following cablegram dated attractive charts glVlllg information January 20th at Tiflis in Russian Cauabout 'the clothing and sanitation re- casia: quired for a healthy baby. In each group selections were made of first, "Urumia in the hands of Turks and second, and third best babies, and Kurds, cut off from all communication; teachers explained the charts and the situation missionaries and Christians points on which the awards were made. critical; help urgent there and for 15,000 These were physical development, free- refugees here." dom from disease, cleanliness, and proper clothing. The signers are three Persians, teachers in the Presbyterian mission Vie hope to continue this campaign schools at Urumia, all educated in the every year until we really do have United States and naturalized American better babies in Korea. The Korean citizens. The information is accepted mother loves her child, but is' ignorant as reliable, and occasions great concern, about what to do for it, and the mor- altho it is believed the Turkish troop" tality among babies is alarmingly high." occupying U rumia can be trusted to -Missionary Voice. protect the lives of Americans.

MOSLEM LANDS Later cablegrams report the mission- aries in Urumia and Tabriz well, and Persia and the War appeal for aid for destitute refugees. The boys' school in Tabriz is crowded THE Christians at Urumia had a trv- with missionaries and Christian refugees ing experience in the attempt of the under the protection of the American flag. The American missionaries are Kurds to capture the city and the CO!l- not apprehensive for their personal fEct ensuing between them and the safety, as' the medical work has made Russians aided by the Syrians. the Kurds friendly toward them. Up to March 1st $6,000 had already been The Kurds swept down to the hill back sent, but more is needed. Money for reof Charbash, only ten minutes from the lief may be sent to Dwight H. Day, city, but Russian reinforcements came in Treasurer, I56 Fifth Avenue, New York. such numbers that the Kurds saw they could do nothing and returned the next Mission Hospital Used by Turks day. Of course the mission yards were filled with refugees and their goods. SOON after the outbreak of the war, Dr. W. S. Dodd wrote of the use There were many sad sights, with which the Turkish government prowounded "in the' hospital, separated posed to make of his hospital in Konia. families and thos'e in destitution. There were also some bits of food for laughter. "The government wants this hospital When the Russian commandant gave for wounded soldiers. They will take guns to the mountain Syrians they made

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over the whole estahlishment-nurses, Turkey. It uses Turki5h a, the languphysicians, and all. I will remain age 0 f instruction. This college has physician in charge, doing all oper- had a peculiar share in the support and ating, having one Turkish physician development of the native evangelical with me as officially in charge. The churches in' Turkey. About sixty of government will pay salaries of nurses its alumni are classified as ministers, and servants, and all food, drugs, and a larger number as teachers. Todressings, etc. Konia is called on to day in Turkey its graduates are pastors provide hospital accommodation for 500 of evangelical congregations numberbeds. Ours has thirty:'-Missionary ing 18,000 and preach to an average of Herald. 8,000 people each Sabbath. From the first the college has conducted medical School for the Deaf in Turkey work. Hospital work has continued, under the name of the Azariah Smith THE one opportunity offered to deaf Memorial Hospital. The record of children in all the Turkish Empire work for the year 1913-1914 is 517 maj or operations and 42,380 treatto receive a training that will prepare ments, with 21,000 prescriptions filled them for useful and happy lives is in connection with the outpatient degiven by the King School for the Deaf partment. The institution had in 1913in Marsovan, Turkey_ Here Armenian 1914 twenty-five teachers and 232 stuboys and girls, some of whom have dents, twelve members on the medical come from miserable surroundings, are staff, with pupils in the Nurses' Trainnot only taught to speak and given a ing-school. common school education, but learn a trade and live in an atmosphere of From the Koran to the Bible Christian helpfulness and love. Girls learn sewing and boys carpentry, and TILL now the Turk committed the both help in the work of house and Koran to memory without undergarden. It is found most desirable to have children enter at eight years old, standing what he read, it being confor the course is of necessity a long sidered a sacrilege to translate it into one. As soon as they reach an age the language of the people. Popular and stage of development when they editions have, however, been issued, can live with normal children to advan- but these revealed so many falsehoods tage, they are to be placed in the that they produced unbelief. Hence GirlS' Boarding-school or the Boys' they are now ordered to be confiscated. Home connected with Anatolia College. But the Scriptures have been circulated The school is under the direction of far and wide and- many are reading the Miss Charlotte Willard. Bible.

Central Turkey Collece Missions in Turkey C ENTRAL Turkey College, at C ANON HANAUER, writing from Aintab, is the oldest of the Ameri- Damascus, states that he has' had to can colleges in the interior of Turkey. close the schools in that city, and that It was established in 1876, next after the French and Russian schools have Robert College, at Constantinople, and also been closed. Placards stirring up Syrian Protestant College, at Beirut. Moslem fanaticism against the English, It is under the care of the Congrega- especially, are exposed in the bazaars by tional Church. It is located in the authority. British, French and Russian largest Protestant center in the Turkish Consuls are detained as prisoners and Empire, and in the midst of the Turk- British subjects, tho not prisoners, have ish-speaking Christian population of had their freedom considerably limited.

Dr. Mackinnon, of the Edinburgh a number of letters on the subject. One Medical Mission, was imprisoned in the reader, "A Modern Israelite," takes the hospital for a few days, but has now view that the idea is simply "a very been given some liberty owing to the pretty and poetical dream." The other efforts of the American Consul. side is represented by a letter, part of which we quote: The London Society for Promoting Christianity Among the Jews has not Thousands of years have passed since closed a single station up to the prese:lt they lost their land, and they have been time. years of misery and sorrow for'the great bulk of the Jews. . . . Truly now, as British missionaries have had to re- well as in the time of Moses, "their comturn to England-leaving most of their plaint comes up unto God by reason of belongings behind-but those of other their bondage." Every nation in the nationalities' have continued the work. world could, if she would, find in history It is estimated that it will cost thousands some period when her people were guilty of pounds to replace the medical equip- of treating the Jews most barbarously. ment, instruments, linen, etc. damaged or . . . A new: map is going to be drawn, stolen by the Turkish soldiers now and there will be a great displacement quartered in the hospital buildings. The of nations. Now is the time for them to Turkish Government has also seized return to their old Zion, that a Jew may hospitals and girls' day-schools, also a be proud and not ashamed to say hencemissionary's house both at Jerusalem forth: "Hebrew I am." and Safed. School work, according to the latest reports, however, is still being AFRICA carried on in Smyrna and in two boarding-schools in Jerusalem. Success of Missions in Egypt The Church Missionary Society re- EVENTS in Egypt have called attenports that twenty-five of its missionaries are prisoners of war in the hands tion to the progress of missionary Of England's foes. (Fourteen of these instruction. The Church Missionary are in German East Africa.) In Pal- Society first began work in Egypt ninety estine, six Church Missionary Society years ago. At the present time it has missionaries are being held, Dr. Sterling schools for boys and girls at Cairo and having actually been confined in prison large hospitals at Old Cairo; schools.at at Gaza for several days, Mrs. Sterling Helouan, Menouf, Shubra Zanga, and being permitted to take him his daily Ashmoun; and dispensary work is also food. His own comment on the experi- carried on in these places. The girls' ence merely was that he had enjoyed school at Menouf is the only one in a leisure for reading, a real lUXUry to so district containing more than 200,000 busy a man. The Protestant Christians people. In the Northern Sudan, besides were said to be free from molestation, the hospitals at Omdurman, there are tho some of the Society's schools had schools at Khartum and at Atbara; and been taken over for the accommodation itt the Southern Sudan, on the White of the troops. Nile, a thousand miles south of Khar- tum, where the people are pagans, two THE Judaea for the Jews tribes are reached, the Dinkas and the article in Truth, on the subject Azandi (the latter better known as the of the return of the Jews to Pales- Nyam-Nyams). General Gordon aptine, as their own land, after the con- pealed for missionaries to the latter, and clusion of the war, has attracted much the work in the Sudan belongs to what attention. Our contemporary publishes is known as the "Gordon Memorial Mission."

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A Successful Work for Moslems I A New Sect in Uganda UNIQUE mission has beeh conduct- T is remarkable that tho thirty-sev.en ed for nearly four years in Port years have elapsed since the Church Said by Miss Erriccson and Miss Ek- Missionary Society started its work in lund. In November, 1911, they took a Uganda, no schism of any importance house in the poorest part of the city- has appeared within the native Church. the Ville Arabe, and soon the Moslem For some years, partly under the regis neighbors became interested and asked of one of the most important chiefs of them to open a school for girls. The the country, a small body has existed neighbors even engaged a town-crier to whose distinctive trait has been a rigid go through the streets and announce refusal to have any dealings with doctors that such a school ·would be opened. A or medicine. At first its members were large number of girls were brought at content with registering their protest once, and the' school is now filled to its against the doctors, while remaining capacity-130 girls, all Mohammedans. themselves in the Church in which they had been bap.tized, but within the past After long-continued and strenuous few months they have built a church of o·pposition to the teaching of the Bible their own, appointed their own catechist, to these girls, that hostility seems over- declared themselves independent of the come, and the girls carry their Bibles constituted Church authority, and have freely with them into their homes. This begun to "baptize" their adherents on a shows what may be accomplished by large scale. tactful and pa1:1ent »ork for Moslems, without attempting the roundabout ap- Moravian Missions in Africa p·roach through the Coptic and other Oriental churches. I N view of the difficulties which the Moravian Mission Board were likely Yoruban Chief Baptized – to encounter in their endeavors to finance their missions from headquarters, REV. LEWIS M. DUVAL, a Baptist the local Provincial Mission Board in Missionary in Nigeria, writes of South Africa, Vest, have voted to carry on the work as best they can without having recently baptized 23 converts looking fat any support from Europe. He says all excepting three were grown There are at present twenty-four male men and women. "Among them was· Europeans employed in one way or an- 'Bada,' one of the important chiefs of other in connection with the Moravian Saki, who has had a very eventful life, Mission in, South Africa, West. Of being the chief warrior of this district, these, ten are in ministerial service, and ~nd is held in great re·spect among all the remainder are employed in the Misthe people. He had many wives, but sion stores. The international character since professing faith in Christ has of the Mission is shown by the fact that given them all up but one, in order that this staff of twenty..four male Europeans he might be baptized. He is the only comprises British, German, Swiss. and Yoruban that I have ever heard of that Dutch subjects. Five young German has been willing to give up his surplus clerks have been interned at Johanneswomen. 'Bada' is a man about 60 years hurg, but the managers of the stores, of age, and was led to Christ by one 'Jf altho of German nationality, have his sons, who is attending our day-school, been left in their places. This is looked and shows evidence of being a valuable upon as a great and very kind concession worker for God. We are hearing of on the part of the Government, for many conversions all over the country nearly every other German subject in and our hearts rejoice."-Foreign Mission Journal.

the Colony up to the age of sixty has held a meeting at which 90 soldiers pro- been interned.-Moravian Missions. fest conversion. On another 70 came forward and confest Christ. On yet EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN another 50 men decided for the Christian life. Soldiers on the way to the front China Inland Mission Jubilee are ready to listen to the message of salvation. IN 1915 the China Inland Mission will complete the fiftieth year of its work. THE CONTINENT During the year 1913 no fewer than 54 DR. Christian Work in Belgium new workers were added to the Missioil. HENRI ANET, delegate from Of these, 13 were probationers from the two principal Protestant bodies Great Britain, two from North America, of Belgium-the Christian Missionary 5 from Australasia, and 4 were accepted Church of Belgium and the Union of in China; while 14 were Associates Evangelical Churches in Belgium-has from Germany and 16 connected with been speaking in Britain on the conthe Scandinavian Associate Missions. dition of churches in his country. He After deducting losses by death, retire- bore testimony to the fact that Protesments, etc., there were at the close of tant church buildings in the center of 1913 no fewer than 1,°76 active mission- the thickest fighting had been mostly aries in the Mission. During the last spared. At Charleroi, the Protestant ten years there has been an increase of church was standing undamaged in the six new Chinese workers for each new midst of ruins and ashes. In the bemissionary. The total staff, if mission- sieged towns-even in Louvain and aries and paid Chinese helpers be in- Malines-the Protestant buildings were cluded, is just about 2,500 persons. spared. In smaller places the simple meeting halls have been saved from The War and British Endeavorers looting, and sometimes also the houses of church members which had on their FIVE years ago there were only four walls Bible texts or Protestant calen- Floating Christian Endeavor so- dars. cieties in Great Britain. Since that time the work has wonderfully developed, and Dr. Anet was able to report that tho in many ports committees have been these Belgian believers are "distrest" formed to work among sailors. In some indeed, they are "not in despair." The ports there are floating secretaries; in present fiery trials have awakened or others, floating committees. Thousands developed the spiritual life of the of letters are sent each year to sailors, churches. All the services and meetings and needle-cases, woolen scarfs, and other have been maintained, even where the things are sent out in great numbers. pastors have been detained abroad by The present war has opened up a great the war or have been mobilized in the field of service for British Endeavorers armies. Prayer meetings are held daily both among sailors and soldiers. Al- or several times a week. The churches ready more than a thousand soldiers and halls have never before been so have made the great confession, signing crowded, many outsiders seeking comdecision-cards, and giving addresses to fort and spiritual strength in these times the workers so that letters may be sent of trial. The workers are lifting up to them. Some ot'the hospitals are open their eyes and looking, forward to yet to visits of Endeavorers who are not greater efforts for the evangelization of slow to seize the opportunity of minis- their people when peace shaH be retering to the sick. Floating workers stored. visit the transports and preach the gospel to the troops. On one ship W. G. Clarke, a Southampton floating worker,

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS 31 I

New Pope Favors Italian Gospels the blessing of God was so manifestly THE new Pope, Benedict XV, has on the work that they dared not give recently written a letter to the it up. It has now become an addi- Italian St. Jerome Society, in which tional charge on the English-speaking he recommends the home study of the Provinces, since a large part of the Scriptures in the vulgar tongue. The funds had previously been supplied object of this society, when it was . frotn Continental sources.-The Chrisfounded in 1902, was to prepare a tian. Pastor Fetler in Exile fresh Italian translation of the New Testament, or at least parts thereof, RELIGIOUS liberty in Russia is and to circulate the books at a cheap threatened by the reactionary ele- price for personal reading. .The Presi- ments as never before since its procla- dency of the society was accepted by mation by the Imperial Ukase of 1905.

the present Pope, who was then Under So writes Pastor Fetler from Stock- Secretary of State at the Vatican. holm, where he is an exile.

Vithin the first three years, the so- Soon after the war broke out, the ciety circulated 300,000 copies, and by clerical party and the reactionary ele- I908 the number was not far short of ments in Russia began, through the a million books. The Gospels and Press, to attack the Baptists and the Acts in various editioris have been Evangelical Christians, asserting that regularly on sale in the Vatican, and they both were German sects, and were have also been distributed by bishops being financially supported by the and priests in different parts of Italy. Kaiser himself. Thereupon, without The society has been very inactive any definite proofs being produced, during the last few years, but to-day Pastor Fetler was arrested and brought there are signs of renewed activity, to prison, in order from thence to be backed by Pope Benedict XV. who is transported with criminals to Siberia.

now able from his powerful position He succeeded, however, in having this to foster the undertaking which he sentence reduced to exile from Russia belped to found. during the entire war.

Difficulties of Moravian Miuions Since his departure, cleven more preachers have been banished, ten of MORAVIAN missionaries in various them to Siberia, and six churches closed. countries are finding the diffi- -The Christian.

culties of their work greatly increased Gospels for Russian Soldiers by the effects of the war. Special M concern is en'tertained regarding the R. ADAM PODIN writes from Reval, Russia, to Evangelical Chrisworkers in East Central Africa, the latest letters received from them having tendom: "I have been doing a good been written before the war began. work, distributing several thousand Another touching feature of the case Gospels and New Testaments. In three is the decision of the Synod held in days only I gave away 3,000 Gospels.

the early summer of last year-that, On a Sunday the brave soldiers had notwithstanding the strain on the come several versts to get a copy of the funds. all thought of giving up this Gospel, as they had seen it in the pos- work, and especially the most modern session of their comrades and knew development of it among the Moham- where they had received theirs. My medans, was abandoned. The Synod house was surrounded for the whole had no knowledge of how the funds day, because each one desired to get one.

were to be obtained, but they felt that Two days later they were all sent away

with sealed orders to go to the front. it was in 1913. This is an average in- That was one of the busiest days, as they were all .sent off from "our railway crease of 2 per cent. for all bodies, station. I find that this is a most blest opportunity to serve the Lord. I thought great and small, Christian and non- to go to the Far East, and now I find that the men from the East have cqme Christian: ~. this time to me." Elaborate statistical tables prepared by Famine in Albania Dr. H. K. Carroll, and issued by the W ILLIAM WILLARD HOWARD, secretary of the Albanian Relief Federal Council of the Churches of Fund, calls attention to the significance of the news item that the villagers north Christ in America, show in detail the of the Shkumbi river have taken the corn of the rich beys and pashas. gains and los~es of the year: The grand It means that the village folk in total of members is now 38,708,149. All Central Albania, ·who were too far inland to be molested in the destruction cf the larger denominations share in the three hundred villages by Greek and· Servian troops during the past fourteen increase. months, are in the grip of famine. . South of the Shkumbi river, in Baptists gained 122,125; Eastern Southern Albania, where two hundred villages were destroyed and more than Orthodox churches, 36,500; the Roman two hundred thousand harmless and defenseless farm folk made homeless by Catholic Church, 136,850; the Luther- Greek troops last spring and summer, the people are dying by hundreds from ans, 56,248; the German Evangelical cold and starvation. No food is going into Albania from the outside world. Synod, representing the state church of The exportation of foodstuffs from Italy is forbidden. Greece has not anything Prussia, 29,315; the Methodists, 231,460; to export. Servia and Montenegro have drawn upon the meager corn crop of the Presbyterians, 56,019; the Protestant Northern Albania for food for their soldiers. Episcopal Church, 28,641. The Protes- It is not impossible that the melting of tant Episcopal Church has crossed the the snows will see a million human beings-more than half the popUlation million line, having gained 86,468 since of Albania-dead of starvation.-Thc Christian Wark. 1910, and over 300,000 since 1900. The AMERICA Roman Catholic has gained nearly a Religious Census for 1914 million and a quarter since 1910, and T HE religious bodies of the United more than five and a half millions since States have added enough members to make good all the losses by death, 1900. The Methodist Episcopal Church. or withdrawal, and leave a surplus of nearly three-quarters of a million. The the second largest denomination, gained total membership is 763,078 greater than 187,487 in 1914, and nearly 700,000 since 1900.

The thirty churches constituting the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, report nearly 17,Soo,- 000 members, somewhat less than half of the aggregate for all denominations, with 103,000 ministers and nearly 139,- 000 churches. These bodies have a net increase of over 500,000 members, or more than two-thirds of the entire in- crease of all bodies.

Some of the Larger Gifts I T is reported that the total gifts for educational and philanthropic pur- poses during 1914 reached the amazing sum of $315,000,000. Among some of the largest givers are Mr. James Camp- bell, of St. Louis, who bequeathed his whole fortune of $16,000,000 to the St. Louis University; W. H. Dunwoody, of :1inneapolis, who left $6,000,000 to edu-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS 3I

cation and charity; Mrs. Morris K. Jes- sions and Christian churches. The gen- sup, of New York, who left $8,450,000 eral purposes of the Conference will be for the same purposes; George H. Her- to unite Hebrew Christians more closely man, of Houston, Texas, who left $3,- in fellowship and service, and to in- 000,000 to public institutions in that city. terest a larger number of Christians in There were too many bequests and gifts work for the conversion of Israel. The of a million and less for enumeration. program includes a reception, the adop- tion of by-laws, and the election of of- Protestant Episcopal Progress ficers, a discussion of plans for coopera- tion, missionary methods, etc. Every T HE past year was a prosperouS" one morning will be devoted to prayer. for the Protestant Episcopal Church, according to figures published by the Presbyterian Self-Denial Living Church and taken from the forthcoming annual of that paper. In 'ill T HE efforts of the Presbyterian lines on which report was made advance Boards, Home and Foreign, to make was recorded over 1913, except in three up the $430,000 deficit of the last fiscal instances. In this report the following year by a self-denial week in Presbyitems are noted: Clergy, 5,808, a gain terian churches has been encouraging. of 93; baptisms, infant and adult, 56,- Up to March 3rd some 2,000 churches 147, a gain of 1,927; confirmations, had observed this week with sacrificial 55,771, a gain of 999; communicants, offerings, and have sent to the Foreign 1,032,637, a gain of 28,420; Sunday- Board alone $110,000 to apply to the school membership, 527,346, a gain of $292,000 deficit. The Home Board has 15,988; total contributions, $19,851,905, received about $40,000 to help payoff a gain of $362,596. Decreases were re- their shortage of $I40,000. During the ported in the number of lay readers, in month of March many other churches the total amount of apportionment for are expected to make their offerings. missions, and in the number of districts Literature and special envelops have that completed their apportionment. been sent to the churches making re- The editors of the Annual say: "On the quest for them, and the result has been whole, we have seldom completed our not only increased giving but increased annual survey of a year's statistics with knowledge and deepened spiritual life. reason for so optimistic a view as we are able to take from those now in hand. T Southern Laymen's Conference This means that the Church is doing HE Southern Presbyterian Church thorough and abiding work, and that continues to make history. The contho results are not such as to be meteoric, yet they indicate a slow and ventions held at Charlotte, N. c., Februreal advance." ary I6th-18th, and at Dallas, Texas, Feb- Hebrew Christian Conference ruary 23rd-25th, have surpassed in their attendance any denominational conven- O NE year ago a Hebrew Christian Al- tions yet held. The Charlotte Conven- liance of America was formed in tion alone, with over 3,000 registered New York, with Rev. S. B. Rohold as delegates, was nearly twice as large as president and Rev. A. R. Kuldell as cor- either of the preceding conventions. The responding secretary. This Alliance has attendance of registered delegates at Dalcalled a conference of Hebrew Chris- las was 1,000, bringing the total to more tians to meet in the Assembly Hall of the than 4,000. United Charities Building, New York, April 6th to 9th. Two of these days will Enthusiasm ran high, and the perbe devoted to preaching in Jewish mis- manent support of several missionaries was secured, and a good share of the

budget of the Laymen's Movement for account of the war: That the only com- the next two years was underwritten. plaint coming from the mission field had been the failure of the Board to send Ollt A careful survey of the financial re- the new missionaries, and to return the sponse of the churches was presented to furloughed missionaries; that so far as the conventions. Throughout the entire can be judged from the letters received, communion 35 per cent. of the churches the missionaries and the native Chris- and 54 per cent. of the membership give tians look upon the war not merely as a nothing for foreign missions. In other great emergency, but a great opportunity words, 1,197 Southern Presbyterian for setting forth as never before the churches declared no dividends for the "truth as it is in Jesus." great cause last year. There is certainly need for larger inteIligence, deeper sym- LATIN AMERICA pathy with Christ in his world-program, and more vital consecration of life and Conditions in Chile possessions.-Men and Missions. THE Rev. Robert B. Elmore, of the I Rohert Speer to Vi.it the East Presbyterian Mission in Valparaiso, T is an established policy of the Presbyterian Board to have one of the writes: "As the result of the war, Chile secretaries visit some part of the mission suddenly finds herself without revenue field each year. It has been fourteen to meet all the running expenses of the years since the last secretarial visit to country, and, what is more, thousands Siam and the Philippines, and it is of people are without work because all planned that these fields shall this year the commerce and manufacturing is at have the inspiration of a visit from a standstill. Food supplies of alI kinds, Secretary Robert E. Speer. Dr. Bovainl, except vegetables grown in the counthe medical adviser of the Board, and try, have nearly doubled in price, and Mr. Dwight Day, its treasurer, will also the value of the paper money grows be of the party, which will sail fro;1] less day by day. If the war lasts three London May 1st for Penang, visiting months more there will be but one re- North and South Siam missions in June sult, the financial ruin of the country. and July and the Philippines in August, and then to go to Korea, north China "Of course our mission finds itself and Japan for conference regarding in a very critical situation. The naspecial problems in those fields. Mr. tive churches can pay a very small part Speer and Dr. Bovaird will return to of what they have promised, and the America in November. Dr. T. H. P. only way to prevent a deficit that wi!" Sailer, honorary educational secretary swamp us is to make a cut on the of the Board expects to join the party in salaries of the native pastors, and then the Philippines. cut our own salaries to make up the amount, so that the pastors and work- ers can live and go on with their work."

A The War a Great Opportunity The People of Mexico FTER five months of the great Euro- pean war, the Board of Foreign I N these days of interest in Mexico, it Missions of the Presbyterian Church may be of value to recall some simple was able to report: That not one of its facts about the country and its people. missionaries, so far as known, had suf- The official name of Mexico is "Estados fered any bodily harm; that no con- Unidos Mexicanos" and "Republica siderable amount of property had been Mexicana." It has an area of 767,290 destroyed; that not one of the 1,226 square miles. It is just about the commissionaries had asked to come home on bined size of Texas, California, New Mexico, Arizona and Nevada. It has

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15,003,207 population, less than one-fifth cannibals of Malekula for 20 years, hav- of which is white, 38 per cent. being ing been the first white man to approach Indian, and 43 per cent. mixed bloods, them. They are a dangerous people, or mestizos. There are no race dis- On one occasion when passing through tinctions under the Constitution of 1843. the forest up a mountain side, Mr. Paton, on scaling a giant ledge, suddenly felt The mixed bloods of Mexico comprise the cold muzzle of a rifle against his what may be called castes, such as the cheek. Pulling up short he noticed guns mestizos, or Indian and white; mulattoes, in all directions, pointing at him from or negro and white; zambos, or negro out of the bush: "I spoke quietly to the and Indian; the latter regarded ,is owners of the rifles, and as they saw that specially dangerous and unreliable. The I was unarmed, they recognized that I pure whites are few and all of Spani3h was on an errand of peace. If I had blood, and are known as chapetones or been armed I s'hould have been shot. 'I Gachupines. The native Aztecs of the have come to tell you about God,' I said, Mexican plateau may still be seen, and 'We know about God,' they replied. have no trace of European blood. They Then I told them how they had missed are muscular and sturdy, and yellow- their way to God and how Jesus had brown in complexion. come down from heaven to show them the way back. Their interest deepened Readjustment in Mexico as they heard of the atonement. 'That is a true word,' said the chief. 'That is I N accordance with the division of ter- good.' They believed that no wrong ritory agreed upon by the confer- could be atoned for without the shedding ence of societies at work in Mexico, of blood, either of man or of animal. which was held in Cincinnati last June, One man explained that he was just the Congregational missionaries have going off to kill a few men, but (with made some important changes in their utmost composure) his businesS' could work in Mexico. The Colegia Inter- wait, as he could kill men at any time, nacional, a training-school for boys, ha,<;' but could not often hear about Jesus." been brought from Guadalajara to Chihuahua, and a school for girls similar to MISCELLANEOUS Corona Institute, formerly in Guadalajara has been opened in Hermosillo. Who Should Be Missionaries Dr. John Howland writes of the territory in which the Congregational mis- A CHRISTIAN who is not a missionsions are now located: ary denies his faith. It has been said that God had only one Son, and He "Nearly all of our field is open for gave Him to be a missionary. And that Gospel work. There are large sections Son is the life of the Christian. Thereof the country with no Catholic priest, fore the missionary life, which is the and now that Congregationalists have Christ life, is the only full, true Chrisaccepted the responsibility of evan- tian life. William A. Brown said at gelizing this part of the country much the International Sunday-school Conmore must be done and done soon or vention last June : "A favorite undercutmany of the opportunities will be lost."- ting of the missionary enterprise is seen C ongre gatiortalist. in the phrase 'You can not all be mis- sionaries.' That suggestion does not THE ISLANDS tome from the heart of God, for every Christian must be a missionary. Now THE Work Among Cannibals every Christian can not go as a foreign Rev. Fred J. Paton, son of Dr. missionary, which is a very different John G. Paton, whose autobiography has been the delight and wonder of tens of thousands, has labored among the

matter, and should depend altogether on "It is the universal experience that the gracious call of God…. What scrip- the person who begins to tithe grows in tural warrant have we for expecting vision and in grace."-Bishop E. H. greater sacrifice on the part of the Chris- Hughes. tian who goes as a foreign missionary than ori the part of the Christian who "There is probably no other single stays at home?" The missionary is the test whether the love of money or the "sent" one; and every Christian is sent love of God is stronger in a man's life to others. Shall we be missionaries, sent than the test of his willingness to give by God to bear the good news of Christ, habitua!1y to God at least a tithe of all or shall we deny Him?-Swlday-SchooL his income."-J. Campbell White. Times. "There was no need for Christ to urge Missionary Facts the adoption of the tithe and the Sabbath upon the Jews for the same reason that AT every breath we draw, four souls it would be unnecessary to urge class- perish never having heard of Christ. meeting Methodists to avoid the habit of In the islands of the Vest Indies are strong drink.-W. H. Raney. nearly 5,000,000 unreached by the Gospel. OBITUARY NOTES The Christian population of India George Washburn of Constantinople could be represented by the letters in the book of Isaiah. DR. GEORGE WASHBURN, who died not long ago in the eighty- The population of Japan is about 40,000,000, and the average parish of second year of his age, was for thirtyeach missionary is about roo,ooo. three years the President of Robert College. He succeeded Dr. Cyrus The children of India walking fom Hamlin, its founder, who was also his abreast and two feet apart would make father-in-law, and held the office until a procession 5,000 miles long. his return to this country in 1903. Dr. Vashburn was not only a great edu- During 1898 there were spent in the cator, but also a great statesman. He United States $6,000,000 for chewing received various decorations from the gum, $10,000,000 for peanuts, and only Bulgarian Government, and was an $5,000,000 for missions. authority, recognized in England as well as in this country, upon all problems In 1859 you could buy a man in the connected with the ever-perplexing Fiji Islands for seven dollars, butcher Eastern question. him and eat him. To-day the Bible is in nearly every house, and on Sunday, Rev. E. C. B. Hallam of India nine-tenths of the people may be found assembled in the churches for worship. ANOTHER veteran missionary, who Vhat about the power and profit of Foreign Missions? has recently been called home, is Rev. Ebenezer C. B. Hallam, who died, Thoughts on Tithing in his eighty-third year, at the Aged Ministers' Home in Lakemont, N. Y. He THE Christian Stcu'ard gives the fol- gave forty-one years of service as a mis- lowing extracts culled from different sionary to the Free Baptist Church 111 India. He was well versed in the sources: Bengali, Hindi and Oriya languages, "You will never win the world for and his grammar in Oriya won for him an honorary degree from Bowdoin Col- Christ by your spare cash." lege. "The tithe is God's cure for covetousc ness." "We live by dying to ourselves; we die by living to ourselves."

MISSIONS /·ffl

AND – ! W ' . . . . ……………….. ~. ~.i./ MISSION LANDS The Layman Revato; A Story of a Rest- discusses the meaning of missions to less Mind in Buddhist India at the Time God, to Jesus, to the individual Chris- of the Greek Influence. By Edward P. tian, to the Church, to the world. We Buffet. Pp. vi., 105. Jersey City: Edward think that he has resisted almost too suc- P. Buffet. 1914. cessfully the temptation to draw illus- -That was done decades ago by Becker trations from the fascinating fields of comparative religion and modern misfor Roman and Greek life through his sions, and has confined himself too exclu- "Gallus" and "Charicles," and by Ebers sively to the treatment of the Bible in for ancient Egypt, is here attempted for relation to the missionary idea and ideal. the Buddhism of the third century before Christ in the heyday of its glory under After dealing with the scriptural ideas King Asoka, the Buddhist Constantine. of the missionary plan, the missionary power, and the missionary work, the The scene is laid in its Holy Land, writer devotes his final chapter to "The whither Asoka (or Osoko, the Paliform) Missionary Consummation," expressing has brought from the West an architect his belief in the progressive character and a sculptor to aid in adorning Bud- of the Kingdom, the inclusion of the dhist shrines and public buildings. In Jews in God's salvation, the final triumph prosecuting their tasks, they have inter- of Jesus Christ over all His enemies. preted in stone and wood the puritanic conceptions of Buddhism, tho with a for- Some may take exception to cereign, idolatrous apotheosis. This is a tain interpretations and applications of parable of the interplay of East and Scripture. At the same time the work is West, of Buddhism and Hellenism, which characterized by perfect sanity, and some is the motif of the volume. of the original translations are full of helpful suggestion. The book will serve The author is anxious' to win the its purpose well in the hands of a c1assthoughtful Christian to his cause, but leader, who is able to vitalize the meswe doubt whether a virile believer sage by relating it closely to "the preseut could be attracted by such husks, despite world-situation." their philosophical coating. The Modernizing of the Orient. By Missions in the Plan of the Ages. Wil- Clayton Sedgwick Cooper. Illustrated. liam Owen Carver, M.A., Th.D. Third 8vo. 352 pp. $2.00, net. McBride, Nast Edition. 12mo. 289 pp. $1.25, net. & Co., New York, 1914. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1914. A traveler will sometimes observe Dr. Carver, Professor of Comparative things that an old resident overlooks. Religion and Missions in the Southern This is especially true of contrasts be- Baptist Theological School of Louisville, tween oriental and occidental ideas and Kentucky, has written in the conviction methods. that "the most important study of missions is the study of the Bible," and "the Mr. Cooper, who is already favorably work proceeds upon the assumption known as the author of "The Man of of the Divine origin and validity of the Egypt," has made good use of his oppor- Scriptures in detail as well as in general." tunities in the Orient. His graphic de- These two sentences indicate the temper scription of the results of the contact of and the scope of the book. The writer

the East with the West includes the in- tribes. "We have heard great news tofluence of Western governments, educa- day," said the Indian chief. "We thought tionalists, merchantS', and missionaries. we just gave our hearts to Jesus, cur off The Orient is being modernized not only our bad roads, and walked as straight as in the physical development of Africa we could, up, up, up to the Beautiful and Asia, but also in the educational pro- Home. We never knew before that we gram and in religious ideals. Mr. Cooper could give money to Jesus. Isn't it kind brings us in touch with the Hillmen of of Jesus to let the poor Indians give to North Africa, the Copts and Arabs of send His Gospel to somebody else?" Egypt, the people of India and Burma, Scotch grit and Irish wit are evident in the Chinese, Filipinos, and Japanese. Miss Crawford's narrative Between the His report of what he saw and learned lines one may see its pathos. in his recent tour around the world is an especially valuable contribution to the A Sunday-school Tour of the Orient. By mission studies this year-"Social As- Frank L. Brown. Illustrated. 8vo. 374 pects of Foreign Missions." Some of his pp. Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, most interesting chapters are on student 1914. life and the evidences of educational progress in North Africa, India, China, Reverend William A. Sunday has said and Japan are espcLiaIly impressive. in his graphic way, "If we can save the There is reason to believe that the Chris- children of one generation we will put tianity of the East will be oriental not the devil out of business." It is for this occidental in character-in other words, purpose that the Sunday-school workers its external for.n will be adapted to the of the world have been seeking the childpeoples and countries that adopt it. We ren and young people of mission lands. can not, however, believe, with a mis- They are cooperating with the various sionary whose words are quoted by Mr. mission workers in different countries, Cooper with approval, that the Chris- and already have secretaries in India, tianity of these Eastern lands will be China, Egypt, and Japan, who devote all built on their own religions, as apostolic their time to Sunday-school work. The Christianity was bt.:ilt on the Old Testa- opportunities and problems have so inment. The Old and New Testaments creased that three visits of experts have are inseparable. been made to the Orient to confer with the leaders and help them to establish Kiowa. Story of a Blanket Indian Mis- Sunday-schools on a satisfa4:tory basis. sion. By Isabel Crawford. Illustrated. In 1913 Mr. Frank L. Brown, the secre- 12mo. 242 pp. $1.25, net. Fleming H. tary of the Vorld Sunday-school Asso- Revell Company, 1915. ciation, made his third tour of the Orient, with a party of specialists. They went Miss Crawford went alone as a to Hawaii, Japan, the Philippine Islands, pioneer missionary to the Bl<)nket In- China, and across Asia and Europe to dians in 1896. She lived among them, in the Zurich Convention. Mr. Brown tells perils oft, in poverty extreme, amid dis- the story of this interesting and imporcomfort and squalor, for more than ten tant tour in a way that will be of special years. Perhaps the highest point of interest to those engaged in Sundayheroism in the ministry of this true- school work. Letters of introduction, hearted missionary was, however, her given by the Hon. William Jennings unusual insistence that her primitive Bryan and others, to merchants and parishioners should not only build their statesmen in the lands visited opened own "Jesus-house," but that at the same wide the doors everywhere. As one retime they should give generously and sult, the next Vorld Sunday-school Conconstantly, to send the Gospel to other vention will be held in Tokyo in 1916.

I9 T5] BOOKS ON MISSIONS AND MISSION

Jesus the Missionary. By Rev. Hugh W. A Great Missionary Pioneer. The Story White. 12mo. 140 pp. Presbyterian of Samuel Marsden's Work in New Zea- Mission Press, Shanghai, 1914. land. By Mrs. E. M. Dunlop. 16mo, 89 It is strange but true that there are pp. Is., net. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, London, 1914. some who claim to be Christians who disclaim any interest in world-wide mis- Last Christmas Day was the one hunsions. They apparently forget that He dredth anniversary of the entrance of from whom they receive their title was Christianity into New Zealand. The a missionary to the whole world, and story of Samnel Marsden and his work that His commission to everyone who for the Maoris is fascinating, and should claims to be a disciple is to evangelize be familiar to everyone interested in the the whole world. advancement of Christianity. In much less than one hundred years New Zea- Mr. White, who has been for twenty land became a Christian land, so that years a missionary to China, has given to-day, altho there are many aborigines liS a stimulating and instrl1c~ive study in the islands, few are now· tll1evanof the ideals and iJrinciples and com- gelized. mands of Christ concerning missionary work. The motives and purposes of his Sight to the Blind. By Lucy Furman. Ilworld-wide campaign are clearly set lustrated. 12mo. 92 pp. $1.00, net. The forth. The actual work he accomplished Macmillan Company, New York, 1914. in the Holy Land is used as an example of missionary methods, and the place of This is a story to illustrate the social the Atonement in the missionary mes- settlement idea. As Miss Ida Tarbell sage and the power of intercession in says in her introduction, "The settlemissionary work is dearly revealed. ment, in part at least, is the outgrowth These studic~ will be of particular value of a desire to find a place in which certo missionaries and student volunteers tain new notions of enlightening men who seek to conform their ideals and and women can be freely tested and apmethods to the standards set by the plied." Miss Furman tells the story of Master. how sight was brought to the mentally and spiritually blind through the settle- The Growth of the Christian Church. ment school in the South. It is a piece By Robert Hastings Nichols. 2 volumes. of fiction which can be duplicated many Volume T, Ancient and Medieval Chris- times in actual life. Individuals and tianity. Volume II, Modern Christianity. communiti.es have been transformed 12mo. 163-224 pp. $2.00, net. Presby- physically, mentally, morally, and relig- terian Board of Publication, Philadel- iously by the self-sacrificing labor of phia, 1914. such workers as Miss Shippen and Miss Loring. The story of the past is stimulating to faith and hope. For this reason the NEW BOOKS Committee of Religious Education of the Presbyterian General Assembly request- Modern Religious Movements in India. ed the preparation of these volumes of By J. N. Farquhar, M.A. IIlustrated. church history as text-books for study 8vo. xiv-47r pp. $2.50, net. Macmillan classes. The two volumes present in a Company, New York, 1915. compact form the history of Christianity from its early days of preparation to the Missionary Triumphs Among the Setpresent time. The Roman Catholic mis- tlers in Australia and the Savages of sions of the Middle Ages are briefly de- the South Seas. A Twofold Centenary scribed and the modern missionary Volume. By John Blacket. Illustrated. movements of the Protestant church are 8vo. 285 pp. 58., net. Charles H. Kelly, given, but without special emphasis, in London, 1915. their appropriate place. A Century in the Pacific. Edited by James Colwell, F.R.Hist.S. Introduction by W. H. Fitchett, B.A., LL.D. 8vo. xi-7SI pp. 21s., net. Charles H. Kelly, London, 1915.

The Christian Equivalent of War. By Tourist Guide to Missionary Institu- D. Willard Lyon. 12mo. 154 pp. Asso- tions and Religious Services in En- ciation Press, New York, 1915. glish in the Chief Cities of Latin Australia's Greatest Need. By the Rev. America. 64 pp. Interdenominational J. W. S. Tomlin, M.A. With an Intro- Committee of the Religious Needs of ductory Note by the Archbishop of Bris- Anglo-American Communities Abroad, bane. Illustrated. 12mo. 346 pp. 25., 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, 1915. Report of the Special Committee of the net. S. P. G. House. 15 Tufton Street, Home Missions Council on the Relig- London, 1914. Christian Missions in Madagascar. By ious and Social Conditions in North Dakota, Colorado, Northern California, E. O. McMahon. With Preface by the Washington. With tables, diagrams, and explanatory statements based upon a Bishop of Madagascar. IIlustrated. 12mo. general survey conducted by the Inter- 179 pp. 25., net. S. P. G. House, London, national Survey Committee of the States 1914. named. (Home Missions and the West A Christian Hermit in Burma, and Other Series). Bulletin 2, 3, 4, 5. Pp. 22, 29, 31, 44. Home Missions of the Presbyterian Tales. Illustrated. 12mo. 85 pp. Is., Church, New York.

11Ct. S. P. G. House, London, 1914. Eighth Annual Meeting of the Home Missions Council. New York, January In Peace and War in Japan. A Tale. By 12, 13, and 14, 1915. 8vo. 180 pp.

the Rev. Herbert Moore, M.A. Illus- The Fundamentals. A Testimony to the trated.. 12mo. 152 pp. 2s., net. S. P. G. Truth. Volume XII. Compliments of House, London, 1915. Two Christian Laymen. 128 pp. Testi- In Camp and Tepee. By Mrs. Alfred R. . mony Publishing Co., Chicago, 1914. Page. Illustrated. 12mo. 245 pp. $1.00, The 1915 Handbook on Foreign Mis- net. Revell, 1915. sions of the United Presbyterian The Lure of Islam. A NoveL By C M. Church of N. A. 112 pp. This Hand- Prowse. Illustrated. 12mo. 255 pp. 6s., book is offered free of charge to the ex- tent of one copy for every seven of the net. Sampson Low, Marston & Co., Lon- membership of a congregation, providing don, 1914. pastors or missionary leaders will give Thirty Years in the' Manchu Capital: In assurance of effective and wise distribu- and Around Mukden. By Dugald Chris- tion. Additional copies may be secured at ten cents per individual copy, $1.00 per tie, CM.G. Edited by his Wife. $2.75. dozen copies, $5.00 per hundred copies, McBride, Nast & Co., New York, 1915. postpaid. Address C. R. Watson, 200 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Gleanings from Chinese Folk-Lore. By Summary of State Laws relating to the Dependent Classes, 1913. Department of Nellie N. Russell. Compiled by Mary H. Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Wm. Porter. 75 cents. Flemi!}g H. Revell Co., J Harris, Director. 346 pp. Govern- New York. ment Printing Office, Washington, 1914. Java, Sumatra, and Other Islands of the Dutch East· Indies (Modern W orId The Case for Foreign Missions. By Rev. Willard L. Sperry. (Envelop Series.) Series). By Bernard Miall. Translated October, 1914. 10 cents annually. by A. Cabaton. $1.50. Charles Scrib- American Board of Commissioners, Bos- ner's Sons, New York, 1915. ton, 1914. Coast and Hinterland in Africa. A Text- Every Man's Part in W orId Brother- book for Study Circles. By J. E. hood. By Gilbert A. Beaver. 28 pp. Swallow, 31 pp., 3d. net. United Metho- Single copies, 5 cents; 100 copies, $2.50.

dist Pub. House, London, .1914. Association Press, New' York, 1914. The Missionary Prospect. By C. H. Church Student Work. Conducted by Robinson, D.D. New and cheaper edi- the Christian Association. Illustrated. 79 pp. University of Penn., Philadelphia, tion. 283 pp. 2s. 6d., net. Partridge, 1914.

London, 1914. The Whip of God. By Richard Hayes Foreigners in Turkey. Their Juridical McCartney. 30 pp. Charles C. Cook, Status. By Philip Marshall Brown. New York, 150 Nassau St., 1914.

157 pp. $1.25, net.. University Press, Report of the Thirty-second Annual Lake Mohonk Conference on the In- Princeton, 1914. dian and Other Dependent Peoples. The Gospel of Futuna. By William Gunn. October 14, 15, and 16, 1914. Published Illustrated. 308 pp. 6s., net. Hodder, by the Conference, 1914.

London, 1914. War-Chronicle. War Journal, Soldiers' Muslim Conquests in North Africa. By Letters, Pictures of the War. August, September, October, 1914. M. Berg, Ber- Canon Sell, D.D. 82 pp. 5 ans. Chris- lin, 1914. tian Literature Society, Madras, India, 1914. PAMPHLETS In Difficult Places. By M. H. D. 57 pp. 4d.· net. S. P. G. House, London, 1915.

A Key to the Bible. By Wilbert W.

White. 32 pp. Bible Teachers' Training School, New York, 1915.

Patriots of the Kingdom. Introduction by Basil Mathews. 15 pp. 2d. United Council for Miss. Ed., London, 1914.

The Missionary Review of the World — March 1915

rOJ2

MISSNON~Y fI~[S I I ®!!I!I!I!llflll!lIUIII!"n!,!!,!!!gi r. In the period since William Carey went to India, the population of the entire world has increased 50 per cent., and the number of Christians ISO per cent. (See page 2.38.) 2. An American diplomat who is a Hebrew, a great American business cor- poration, and a Mohammedan religious organization recently cooperated to relieve the financial troubles of the Christian missionaries in Turkey. (See page I87.) 3. Marriage laws enacted in Cuba during the first American intervention and the influence of Protestant missionaries to replace concubinage by mar- riage have done much to purify the home life in Cuba. (See page I79.) 4. Korean churches have been competing for banners awarded to the ones doing the most preaching per capita, selling the most gospels, and gain- ing the most new members. (See page 235.) 5. The "Peyote worship," which is spreading among American Indians, in- cludes the use of a harmful drug which they call the "Holy Ghost." The results are degrading and disastrous. (See page 201.) 6. The school and church property of the Methodist mission in Queretaro, Mexico, was recently defended from the attacks of a mob by Mexican citizens, the majority of whom were Roman Catholics. (See page I95.) 7. The Chinese Secretary of State in Hangchow accepted Christ and was bap- tized during the Eddy meetings, and at once started Bible classes among his officials and household servants. (See page I70.) 8. The income of the foreign mission boards of the United States and Canada has increased from $7,800,000 in J<)04 to $I7,I60,000 in I9I4. Last year native Christians in mission fields contributed $4,243,000 to the work. (See page 225.) 9. Bibles have been placed in 160,000 American hotel rooms by the Gideons, an organization of Christian commercial travelers. (See page 225.) 10. A negro student in Tuskegee was the successful one among nine thousand competitors in a popular magazine essay contest on "Vhat 'Ve Have Learned About Rum." (See page 226.) I I. More than ten thousand British soldiers on Salisbury Plain have promised to carry a "!'ew Testament with them, and to read a chapter every day. (See page 227.) 12. The report is circulated in Tnrkey that the German nation has been con- verted to Islam, and that the Kaiser is a descendant of Mohammed and is to make the pilgrimage to Mecca. (See page 230.) I3. Poor Siamese lepers, at Chiengmai, have again this year made a generous contribution to the work of the American Bible Society. (See page 232 .) 14. A Chinese Commissioner of Education has asked for one thousand Chris- tian Chinese teachers for his province. (See page 233.)

OF THE OPEN MINDS IN CHINA-EVANGELISTIC MEETING IN

A part of audience in theater at Hangchow listening to Mr. Sherwood Eddy's evangelistic address, October, 1914. There wert: 2,500 inside and 2,000 more outside, waiting for a second meeting. The use of the theater was given free of charge MISSIONARY REVIEW ~",_~V OF THE WORLD Vol. XXXVIII, No. 3 MARCH, 1915 Vol. XXVIII, No. 3 Old S,ri,s New S.r;es 1111111 INCREA$ED INTEREST IN LATIN the . questions to be considered in T AMERICA connection with non-Christian coun- HE opening of the Panama Canal, tries were large enough to occupy the increasing trade with our the undivided attention of the Con- Sister Republics, and the Panama ference. It is possible that the Exposition are attracting the atten- omission of Catholic countries from tion of Christians all over the world discussion at Edinburgh has proved to the opportunities and problems in a blessing in disguise since now they Latin America. In February, 1916, are to receive special consideration.

it is proposed to hold a Latin-Amer- by a strong body of men and .women ican Missionary Conference at Pan- to study the peculiar problems in- ama, organIzed by a Committee volved in the work in some of these under the chairmanship of Dr. Robert lands.

E. Speer, of the Presbyterian Board In preparation for the coming re- of Foreign Missions. The Edin- presentative Conference at Panama.

burgh Conference, for reasons that a number of commissions have been seemed to be sufficient to the General appointed to make an investigation Committee, omitted frQm their pro- of Latin America (induding Mexico.

gram the work in Roman Catholic Central America, the West Indies, and Greek Catholic countries. This and South America), and to present was due in part to the desire to win reports on their findings as to the the cooperation of members of the fields occupied and unoccupied, and Anglican Church, and in part to the other phases of the work. These fact that many of the problems in commissions are designated as fol- these mission fields are unique and lows: (1) Survey and Occupation. p.. The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the .pirit of Christ in the of thIa REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positioll8 taken by coa· tributors of slfned articles in these pagn.–EDJrou.

(2) Message and Method. (3) Edu- plans for a redivision of the 'terri- cation. (4) Literature. (5) Wo- tory among the Protestant societies men's Work. (6) The Church in can not be put into effect until some the Field. (7) The Home Base. degree of peace and order have ,(8) Cooperation and Union. been restored. In spite of the dan- Practically all the Protestant so- gers and difficulties some of the cieties of North America have sig- missionaries have remained at their nified their approval and their readi- posts, and a few are planning to ness to cooperate in this Conference. return in the near future.

A special Executive Secretary has Practically all of the societies par- been secured in Mr. S. G. Inman, ticipating in the Mexico Missionary formerly of the, People's Institute at Conference in Cincinnati last June, Piedras ·Negras, Mexico. have reported in favor of some or Following the Conference in Pan- all of the proposed plans of action.* ama, it is proposed to send two The American Baptist Home Mis- deputations to visit the mission sta- sionary Society ,expresses their sym- tions in Latin America, and to hold pathy with the spirit and aim of the post-conferences III western and Conference and approves of the eastern South America and. in plan to establish a joint depository Havana and Mexico. The Inter- for Christian publications III the denominational Committee on Mis- City of Mexico, and for a consoli- sion Study is also planning to pre- dation of lhe present church papers.

pare mission study courses on the They question the advisability of Two Americas for 1916. Thus at- establishing a joint training-school tention will be focussed on the needs for Christian workers, but recog- and opportunities in these important nize the desirability of uniting in countries. It is expected that at other educational work. They agree least 300 delegates will meet to- to the general recommendati~ns for gether in Panama, representing all the division of territory, but do not the Protestant Mission Boards con- approve of the adoption of a com- ducting work in Latin America. mon name (the Evangelical Churches Possibly as large and pennanent re- of Mexico) for all Protestant Mexi- sults will come from their deliber- can churches.

ations as have followed the Edin- The Domestic and Foreign Mis- burgh Conference. Christians in sionary Society of the Protestant every land are asked. to remember Episcopal Church expresses its sat- this proposed conference and its isfaction in the spirit of cooperation various committees in prayer. proposed, but can not act on the ques- tion of division of territory since THE PROGRAM FOR MEXICO this is determined by the General Convention and the work is com- T HE hoped-for solution of Mex- mitted to the bishops elected for the field. For similar reastM'ls they find ico's internal troubles has not it difficult to cooperate in the plans for union educational institutions. yet been discovered, or at least the I remedy has not taken visible effect.

Missionary work by foreign agents is practically at a standstill and the 'See REVIEW for September, page 641.

OF THE

Bishop Aves has exprest his interest of German-Austrian defeat, or the in the proposals of the Conference request of Turkey for peace, France and has promised to take up the may ask to work out her ambition in matter with missionaries of other Syria, and an international comchurches in Mexico. mission may take control of the HOly City and the Holy Land. Meanwhile, There is every reason to believe the balances of war are possibly that with the establishment of peace ,waiting the hour when the Jewish in this distracted country and the purse will decisively turn the scales. return of the missionaries there will Palestine and the Jewish purse are be a great advance in many direc- now inseparable, and the price of tions. Native pastors and other peace for the Turk may be the long- Christian workers have, so far as looked-for restitution of political possible, kept up the work in the freedom to the Jew in the land that absence of the missionaries, and if God gave to his fathers. a just and strong government is established the hindrances to evan- If such an event takes place, what gelical work, which have prevented will be the result for Christian misgreat progress in the past, will sions? Will the door be closed ?By largely be removed. no means. Liberty must first be guaranteed to Jew, Moslem, ,and TTHE OUTLOOK IN PALESTINE Christian on equal terms. When the HE recent attack on the Suez Jews recover the Holy Land then Canal has directed particular at- look for other fulfilments of prophtention to Palestine and the vexed ecy. political problem there. That the attack has actually been made has sur- Whatever the immediate issue, Moprized missionaries and others who hammedan intolerance and Turkish have recently been in Egypt and Palestine. It is another proof that exclusiveness can never again hold T u r key is stumbling to a fall. unhindered sway in Palestine. Nei- Nothing but an Egyptian insurrec- ther Jew nor Christian will consent tion, of which there is no sign, or a to this. When Turkey took Italy's miracle of war, can give success to place in the Triple Alliance that such an invasion by the Turks. Their question was settled. The giUled bait little army may easily be enveloped caught the Moslem fish, with the in the desert they are seeking to usual result to the fish, and the ancross, and their retreat may be cut off gler may not be able to retain undisby a comparatively small force of puted possession. British or French landed in Palestine. A British conquest of Palestine is far There was a remarkable awakenmore probable than a Turkish vic- ing in the Moslem mind in Palestine tory at the Canal. just before the war, but that Opell- mindedness suddenly turned to a British diplomats deny that they flame of passionate hatred against have any territorial designs on Pales- everything foreign. There will, no tine, but events may· precipitate an doubt, be a reaction when peace reunexpected program. In the event turns. That will be the day of op- portunity for Christian mlSSlOns. There will be then no time for prep-

aration; the Church must be ready then the work has grown, a new for immediate action. If advantage building has been purchased in can be taken of the opportunity that Cairo, and the publication and dis- will undoubtedly be presented after tribution of Khutbas (sermonic . the war, days will show greater prog- tracts) and other volumes has in- ress than months in the lagging past. creased to over fifty thousand copies, Why may not Palestine yet become a and these have gone into nearly new center, as in the days of the forty different countries where Mos- Apostles, for the evangelism of Tur- lems reside. key and Russia, Western Asia, Arabia, and Africa? Some thirty thousand dollars was contributed from America for the AMERICAN WORK FOR MOSLEMS new premises and about three thou- A sand dollars a year is sent by the LITTLE over twenty-five years New York committee for publica- ago two young men, Samuel M. tion work. Friends have increased Zwemer and James Cantine, with in number and have recently organrare courage, dedicated their lives ized an "American Christian Literto the work of preaching the Gospel ature Society for Moslems." in order . to Moslems. They selected Arabia that they may increase their activias the most neglected and difficult of ties and range of service. The . all the Mohammedan lands and set Directors include. Dr. Robert E. out to plant a Christian lighthouse on the East coast of that Peninsula. Speer. of the Presbyterian Board, American missionaries had gone to Dr. James L. Barton. of the Amer- Moslem lands before and were at ican Board, Dr. Frank Mason North, work in Egypt and Turkey, in Persia of the Methodist Board. and Dr. and India, but since these young men Charles R. Watson, of the United became champions of the cause, in- Presbyterian Board. The Treasurer terest in this difficult work has is Mrs. E. E. Olcott. of New York, and the Secretary is Mrs. James M. steadily increased. The campaign is better organized and the conversion Montgomery. * of Mohammedans seems less hopeless. , The new Society was successfully Ten years ago the Nile M~ssion launched at a parlor meeting in New Press was started for the purpose York City on January 29th, at the of printing and distributing Chris- . home of Mr. and Mrs. Olcott, and tian .Literature to Moslems. The the membership includes over one hun- Executive Committee is in Great dred friends of missions to Moslems, Britain, while the Press is located in from many evangelical denominations. Cairo. About four years ago Dr. The. Constitution states that the ob- Zwemer was called from Arabia to ject of the Society is to assist the Nile devote a portion of his time to the Mission Press and similar agencies in preparation of this literature and the preparation, publication, and disto assist in the direction of the Press. tribution of Christian literature to At the same time aNew York com- Moslems.

mittee was formed as an auxiliary *Writ~ to Box 888, N~w York City, for further to the London committee. Since information. .

GROWTH OF AMERICAN FOREIGIII Missions is indicated in the valuable MISSIONS statistics prepared by the Home Base Committee of which Dr. F. P. Hag- TWO outstanding addresses at the gard is chairman. These figures show Foreign Missions Conference of a large increase. in missionary gifts in North America, which met at Gar- North America since 1901, when the den City, January 13th-14th, were Dr. John R. Mott's masterly report statistics then ;lvailable reported $6,- of his recent visit to Great Britain, France, and Germany, and Mr. Sher- 228,000 (home income). Last year, wood Eddy's remarkable story of the according to Dr. Haggard, $17,168,- recent evangelistic campaign in China. 000 was given for the same purpose (This latter is printed on another -an increase of nearly 300 per cent. page.) Another unique feature of This is one million dollars larger the Conference was the announce- than the amount reported last year, ment of a conditional gift of $50,000 and ten million dollars in advance of a year for five years from the Rocke- that given ten years ago. A very feller Foundation for the inter- noticeable increase in the last ten denominational work of the Ameri- years. has been the amount given by can Foreign Missions and of the native Christians-an advance from Continuation Committee of the Edin- $1,000,000 to $4,236,009. Surely the burgh Conference. This is some- native churches are developing in seIfthing new in large gifts and is only support. conditioned on the raising of an additional $20,000 to complete the bud- The whole number of Protestant J{et. The Rockefeller gift has en- mISSIonaries supported by North abled the interdenominational com- American churches is nearly 10,000; mittees and organizations to estab- in 1904 there were only 5,489. The lish headquarters at 25 Madison native Christian workers have also Avenue, New York, to house the doubled in number during the same Student Volunteer Movement, the decade, and now 50,000 are employed various interdenominational commit- in these missions. The total memtees, and the growing missionary li- bership of churches connected with brary. The budget of the Student American missions is 1,439,000, an Volunteer Movement is not included increase of nearly 200 per cent. since in the' $70,000 toward which the 1904; 159,000 converts were added Rockefeller Foundation has made its last year, three times the number addlarge gift. After five years the ed in 1904. Foundation fund is to be decreased at the rate of $5,000 a year. The AMERICAN HOME MISSIONS Committee of Reference and Council of the Foreign Missions Confer- T HE Home Missions Council, ence has asked for authority to become incorporated, in order that they which held its annual meeting in . may care for these funds satisfac- New York, January 12th to 14th, torily. reported important progress in the s?lution of interdenominational prob- The growth of American Foreign lems. The churches and societies represented in this Council contrib- ute $12.450,210 a year to home mis- sion work. This includes for:

Church Sustentation ……….. $2,157,527 larger sacrifice in substance and life. General Evangelism ………..• 1,638,048 Cooperation is to be given by the American Indians ………….• 944,315 Work for Immigrants …•….• 424,334 Boards represented in' the Council in Work for MOl;lntaineers ……• 319,271 the coming United Campaign of the Work for Negroes .•……….. 702,832 Laymen, and in the use of United Work for Orientals in U. S. A." 129,399 Mission Study text-books. Next Work for Other Dependent year the course is to take up "The 120,553 Church and the Nations" (the Native Peoples ……………….. . 135,043 Church). Work for Alaska …………. . 181,496 Work for Cuba ………….. . 62,318 Some of the greatest strides in Work for Hawaii ………… .

Work for Mexico ………… . 104,598 Home Mission work during recent Work for Philippines …….. . 83,457 Work for Porto.Rico …….. .. 203,239 years have beep in relation to the Work for Sunday-schools …. . 81,525 Education ……………….. . 959,001 immigrant problems. The services Publication ………………. . 450,499 of the Rev. J. H. Berry have recently been secured to study how best to Administration …………… . 690,893 reach these incoming millions at the Specials and Miscellaneous ….. . 858,223 various ports of entry. Plans are $12,450,210 being formulated to give various denominations special responsibility The largest amount is this, ex- for definite concentrated groups of pended on the support of mission foreigners in America. churches, and· the next largest on "S evangelism. The Presbyterian Board WHAT SHALL B~ DONE?

of Home Missions represents the HALL we aU become Chris- largest budget with $1,490,338, and tians?" asked caste leaders in '

the Methodist Board is second with a council in an Indian community $959,697 (not including the appor-. which includes 2IO villages and over tionments through annual confer- 3,000 souls. These people of the ences. The increase in the reported United Provinces voted to hold a big total incomes fol' the year is nearly council meeting to discuss the sub- two million dollars. ject. Rev. J. T. Robertson, of the The Council strongly advocated a Methodist Board of Foreign Mis- unified program of Home Missionary sions, asks that this incident be pre- Education, to include (I) The church sented . to the praying people of service and pastor; (2) the prayer America. "If these people decide to meeting; (3) the Sunday-school; become Christians, as we believe that (4) the women; (5) the young they will-then they must all be taken people; (6) .Mission Study classes; at once while they are willing, (7) books; (8) periodicals; (9) en- or the opportunity wi11 be lost. Then listment of,~ volunteers, and (IO) the problem will be to care for them.

every – member canvass. This pro- Last year the Methodists reported gram should .have before· it the ob- 1,158 baptisms in Bulandshahr, and jective to produce conviction as to this year the converts in the same the need of more efficiency in the district numbered 3,032. Such suc- local parishes and the nation, to cess is an' embarrassment, but it is a deepen the prayer Iiie, and caU iprth sign of the times in India."

EVENTS

March loth to 14th-ParEament of Churches in Toronto, Canada. I 3th-The 100th anniversary of the Birth of James C. Hepburn, 1815. 14th-60th anniversary of United Brethren Foreign Missions. 17th to 19th-Ohio l'1cthodist Men's Convention, Columbus, Ohio. 29th-The 75th anniversary of the Birth of Isabella Thoburn, 1840.

April 1st-The lOoth anniversary of the Birth of Villiam C. Burns, ISIS.

May 12th to 17th-Southern Baptist Convention, Houston, Texas. 19th to 26th-Northern Baptist Convention, Los Angeles, Cal. 19th-Presbyterian United Movement Conference, Rochester, K. Y. 20th-The 225th anniversary of the Death of John Eliot, 1690. 29th–The lo)£h anniversary of the Basel Missionary Society, ISIS.

June 4th-The 50th anniversary of the Birth of George L. Pilkington, 1865. 4th to 14th-Y. W. C. A. Studcnt Conference. Blue Ridge, N. C. 18th to 28th-Y. VV. C. A. Student Conference, Silver Bay, N. Y. 23rd to 27th-International Missionary Union, Clifton Springs, N. Y. 23rd to July 2nd-Y. W. C. A. Student Conferencc, Eagles Mere, Pa. 25th-Jubilee of the China Inland Mission, founded 1865. 25th to July 4th-Missionary Education M ovt. Conf., Blue Ridge. :f. C. 30th-The 600th anniversary of the Martyrdom of Raymond Lull, 1315.

July 2nd to IIth-Missionary Education Movnnent Conf., Asilomar, Cal. 6th-Five hundredth Anniversary of the Martyrdom of John Hus. 7th to 12th-Fifth vVorld Christian Endeavor Convention, Chicago, Ill. 9th-The 75th anniversary of the Martyrdom of nine Malagasy Chris- tians, IS40. 9th to 18th-Missionary Education }v[ovement Conf., Silver Bay, N. Y. 16th to 25th-Missionary Education Movement Conf., Estcs Park, Colo. 20th to 3oth-Y. [17. C. A. City Conference, Silver BGY, N. Y. 21st to 31st-Y. W. C. A. City Conference, Blue Ridge, N. C. 22nd to 30th-l1[issiol1ary Education it[ovement Conf., Ocean Park, Me. 23rd-The looth anniversary of the Baptism of Africaner, ISIS.

August 1st to 3rd-V/orld's Bible Congress, San Francisco, Cal.

6th to 15th-Missiollary Education Movement Confel'ence, Lake Geneva. 6th to 16th-Y. W. C. A. Student Conference, Asilomar, Cal. loth to 15th-International Convention of Young People's Alliance of the Evangelical Association, Lomira, 'Visconsin. 13th to 23rd-Y. W. C. A. City Conference, Lake Geneva. 13th to 23rd-Y. W. C. A. City Conference, Estes Park, Colo.

S a.me of the 4,000 students leavi ng the pavilion erected fo r the meetings conducted by Mr. Sherwood Eddy, with the permission o f the Government

to the Sacred Alta r, where the Emperor formerl y worshipped. For the fi rs t time in histor y Ch ristia n mee tings we re conducted within th e precincts of the Forbidden City The Four thousand Chinese stud ents listening to the Gospel at Mr. Eddy's opening meeting in the specially erected pavilion in Peking CHRISTIA N EVANGELISTIC MEETINGS INSIDE THE FORBIDDEN CITY, PEKING, CHINA, sEPrEMBER, 1914

NEW OPEN DOORS IN

Educated Chinese outside the theater ill Hangchow, waiting for an opportunity to hear the Gospel at the Eddy Evangelistic Meetings The Wide-Open Door In China BY MR. GEORGE SHERWOOD EDDY* Secretary,for Asia.,-Foreign Department of the International Y. M. C. A.

~~~?lS~T would be wrong to Christian forces in every city and ~ suppose that the won- province where meetings were con- 'derful responsiveness ducted. Nor do I wish to give the of 'the students of impression that the' work was easy, China in the Evan- or that the victory has been won, for gelistic campaign this it bristles with unsolved problems and difficulties. year was accidental or wholly spontaneous. It followed the most care- During 'the last few months' in ful preparation and organization on China we visited thirteen cities. Bethe part of the Christian leaders in ginning at Tientsin, we went thence China, who combined' prayer' and to Peking, then to Paoeting-fu, then pains,fiith and works, with de- to the city of Chang-sha, in Hunan pendence on God and the best human Province; thence to Wu-chang, Sooorganization. Then, again, we must chow, and Hangchow, down the coast not think of it as the work of any to Foochow, Amoy, Hong Kong, and one man or group of men, nor of any Canton-thirteen provincial capitals organization or grottp of orgillliza- and metropolitan cities. tions. It represented the united Without stopping, to tell of the ~From an address at Garden City, L, r., January 14, 1915; wltb',extracts fr~m tetters.

work in all these cities, I will take' were enrolled in Bible classes in only four that are typical. The re- twelve churches in different parts of sults may not be as great in some of the city.* these four as in other places, but they It is a great problem how to lead stand as illustrations of four different the educated Chinese, composed of of- types. ficials, modern Government students, We began work in Peking in Sep- and commercial men, into the' church- tember,. where I had a most enjoy- es, which are generally made up of able half-hour with President Yuan the lower classes. But t wei v e Shih Kai. He is China's strong man churches are in line in their efforts to-day, and exprest an interest in to reach those literati, and to main- the meetings. He does not profess tain Bible classes for them.

to be either a Christian or a Con- More than two thousand inquirers fucianist; he is a practical man of in Peking exprest their desire to affairs. China has not thus far made study the Bible in groups. Last year, Confucianism the state religion, and with far less preparation, five hun- while the President, the Governors, dred non-Christians were in Bible and certain officials worship Heaven classes and more than ISO of these or Confucius, it is never obligatory. were later received' by the churches.

The President, altho not a deeply The results this year will be far religious man, sees the alarming greater. The response of the officials growth of immorality, with the break- and leaders of China was most no- down of old standards before table in the capital city, which has new ones have been formed, and he long been the most conservative believes in supporting morality or center of China. At one meeting any religion that will uphold the for inquirers who were deemed near State. The Vice-President also re- the point of decision for the Chris- ceived us very cordially, and gave us tian life there were present one an opportunity to present Chris- former governor, two generals, a tianity to him. private secretary to the President, The change in Pekin, compared the director of China's national bank, with fourteen years ago, is striking. prominent officials, and a young non- In 1900 the Boxers were killing our Christian philanthropist who has given Christians, and attempting to drive this year $I2,000 to Christian work.

foreigners out of China. This year, My interpreter was a young man re- for the first time, the Chinese officials cently converted in prison. His opened the Forbidden City, where the father was the governor of four foot of the "foreign devil" was for- provinces, his uncle the celebrated merly never permitted to rest, and Marquis 'Tsun, China's minister to gave us a site fnr our tabernacle England and Russia, his grandfather right near the palaces of the boy Em- China's greatest statesman, Tsen Quo peror, and close to the sacred altar Fan. Tho a recent convert, he has where the Emperor annually wor- become a bold witness for Christ. shipped. Four thousand students as- In this small group there were three sembled in this tabernacle to hear the men of prominent official position Gospel, and some six hundred men *See account on page 5 (January).

WIDE-OPEN DOOR IN CHINA 169

who had all been baptized and be- as they were convinced that His come earnest Christian workers dur- claims were just. ing the year. Probably in no other country in the· world to-day are the Four years ago, immediately after officials so accessible to Christianity the meetings in Hangchow, the prinas in China. cipals and teachers of the government colleges strictly forbade the attendance . When we reached Hangchow, we of the students at Bible classes and went from the railway station to the opposed our work. This year, howmodern theater which had been se- ever, these same principals invited us cured for the meeting. The Con- to a banquet, thanked us for helping fucian owners of the theater had can- them in their work for the students, THE EVANGELISTIC MEETING FOR WOMEN IN HANGCHOW, OCTOBER, 1914 celled an entertainment scheduled and received cordially an address.·.in there, and gave us the use of the which we asked for the opening of theater free of charge, which would the government schools to voIunt~y have been twelve hundred dollars. Bible classes. One is deeply iJn- The Governor granted a haH-holiday, prest, in going from city to ·city, in order that the students might at- with the open-mindedness of· the tend the meetings, and they all came. Chinese leaders to-day. Our. ·inter- When we arrived at the theater, we preter at these meetings was Mr. C. found twenty-five hundred students, T. Wang, the young Christian statesofficials, and business men, filling man of China, formerly a member of every seat up to the top gallery, and Yuan's Cabinet and Vice-President two thousand were waiting outside. of the National Senate. He is now The same thing was repeated the next National Secretary of the Y. M, C. A. day. About a thousand of these men signed cards, promising to study the The Governor of the province life of Christ and follow Him so far asked us to a banquet, at which were present many young progressives who

THE SPECIAL MAT SHED ERECTED FOR THE EVANGELISTIC MEETINGS IN CHANGSHA had made a fight for righteousness first he asked for private baptism, but I said, "Let us be plain; we must and against opium. The young inter- be courageous, and work for the glory of Jesus Christ. Will you go preter and I went from our knees to down to the little church and be baptized in public?" that meeting with the Governor. "I will," he said. The following F or an hour we presented Jesus day this fearless man took the chair at the meeting and stated publicly Christ to that Governor and Secre- that he had decided to become a Christian. Even the non-Christian tary of State, Mr. S. T . Wen. Fin- students broke into applause. The next Sunday he went down and gave ally, I said to the Secretary, as I his testimony before the people in the little church. He said, "I may lose took out my Testament: "Mr. Wen, my official position, but I take my stand to-day once for all for Jesus when the eunuch had heard the Gos- Christ." Over a thousand young men Ilad signed as inquirers in the theater pel that Philip preached to him, he meetings, and Mr. Wen said, "I can not ask them to join the church if I ' said: • do not lead the way." He immediate- ly -started Bible classes among his "'What doth hinder me to be household servants and officials; and on the last day of meetings in China, baptized ?' What hinders you from when illness prevented me from con- ducting the meetings as scheduled, becoming a Christian here and Mr. Wen came down and carried now?" Mt:. Ven replied: "Mr.. Eddy, some day I will; but now it would complicate my official position. Some day I will retire from political life and go into private life and become a Christian."

"Why not do it now?" I urged.

"We need Christian leaders now.

Will you not do it now?"

He answered: "I will!' Then we shook hands, and I said: "Mr. Wen, when will you do it?"

"Next Sunday," he replied. At

WIDE-OP~N DOOR IN

them on with 11r. C. T. Wang. I there were but four Christians in this have seldom seen a man more 10- part of the empire. He himself was stantly trnsformed in his character driven out of the city by the mob. than was that man, a witness known To-day, practically every student in of all men. the city was attending the meetings, as well as the leaders of every ~ec­ vVe went to Foochow, at the invi- tion of the community. More than tation of the Governor, the Chamber of Commerce, and all of the Confu- sixteen hundred students and youns cian College presidents. (It. was there that eleven missionaries were torn men enrolled themselves as inquirers limb .fr0111 limb by the angry mob to join Bible classes to study the fOl1r twenty years ago.) Now, when I Gospels. went to the Guild Hall, I found two . The Governor asked us to dine with thousand inside, and fifteen hundred him and other officials. I had some more outside waited there an hour charts that showed the material bankto get in anel hear the Gospel. The ruptcy of China caused by her moral same thing took place the next day. bankruptcy, which was in turn caused by her spiritual bankruptcy, bec~use Sitting on the platform was the she had left God out of account. aged Archdeacon VloHe. When he After explaining this I presented arrived in China fifty-two years ago Jeslls Christ as the only hope of CHINESE OFFICIALS AT EVANGELISTIC MEETINGS IN FOOCHOW In the front row are Mr. Sherwood Eddy and (on his right) the Governor-General and other Qfficials of Fukien Province, at a special lecture by Professor Robertson, in connection with the evangelistic campaign, October. 1914

China. We had an open hearing for sent men out into the province in Jesus Christ that night, before the teams of two, one Chinese and one Governor and his officials, and I foreigner. The results in those sec- presented the Governor with a Bible. ondary cities were proportionately An official who was present is to be greater than in the larger cities. In baptized within two months. one place three Buddhist priests Two days after the meetings the joined a Bible class.

Governor subscribed several thousand The darkest and hardest city was dollars toward the purchase of a site Canton-the center of new revolu- for a new Y.M.C.A. building in the tions against the Government. The student quarter. Some forty edu- day that we arrived a bomb was cators and college principals, with thrown that killed twelve men. A the Minister of Education, gave us a battle had been fought within seven banquet on another evening and said miles of the city. All public meet- to us in an address: "Confucianism ings of every nature were forbidden, alone can not save China. We need and the great shed that had been the moral dynamic .and principle of erected for our meetings was taken pr<;>gress which Christianity can give. down before we arrived. What could Christianity has long appealed to the be done? On our arrival the Gov- lower classes, but has not the time ernor 'called together all of the col- now come for you to appeal to the lege principals of the city and gave leaders and· 'educated men of the us an opportunity to present the Gos- nation?" Several of these college pel message first to them. Then principals exprest a desire to study they invited us to the colleges; there the life of Christ, and a number was no law against that, so that for offered us the privilege of opening the first time in history many col- Bible classes in the government col- leges in Canton opened to the mis- leges themselves. The Chamber of sionary message.' Their great law Commerce invited us to address school alone has seven hundred stu- them on two successive evenings. dents. We could only take about five More than a hundred of these men colleges a day, and held one meeting promised to join Bible classes to in a church, where five hundred and make a study of the New Testament. thirty Confucianists signed as inquir- A few years ago there was no ers and bought Bibles. The next Chamber of Commerce here and these Sunday seventy-five men were bap- men would have been deeply hostile tized. The terms of baptism were to Christianity. always fixt by the local church bodies.

But the significant thing about that A hundred and fifty non-Christian province was the new plan of a students in Canton decided to enter province-wide campaign in which all the Christian life, including sixty the Chri?tians were united. Six hun- medical students. One college prin- .ared Chinese pastors, laymen, and cipal writes: "Weare full to over· l~aders were called together for a flowing with joy. On Sunday we re- week's training conference at Foo- ceived into the church forty-two stu- chow and Amoy. After they had dents and sixteen others. I have attended the central meetings we never seen anything like it in this

WIDE-OPE~ DOOR IN CHINA

school." Even more important was When we arrived there we fo~nd that the Training Conference for Chris- the Lieutenant-Governor had sent out tian workers. We found gathered his proclamation announcing the here a thousand Christians and work- meetings to such an extent that they ers of all denominations, including a did not dare give out tickets for the hundred and fifty from outlying meeting. AlI of these audiences were cities and towns who had come in to not people admitted from the streets; attend this training conference in they were picked audiences of those preparation for a province-wide cam- three classes, officials, students, and paign next year for the Kwangtung business men. In order to gain ad- Province, which numbers thirty-seven mission to the evangelistic meetings millions of inhabitants. men were compeIIed to go to a cer- In Canton a thousand Christians tain place and sign written applica- gathered for a training conference, tions. Eight thousand men came in many coming from other centers. advance and signed those applica- They are now preparing for a prov- tions. The opening night five thou- ince-wide campaign for next year. In sand gathered-the place only held two fact, other provinces are asking for thousand, and had to be fiIled three these province-wide campaigns. times. The next day it rained, Some of the Results and as in China they don't go out in the rain, I did not expect that a meet- Our campaign this year was quite ing would be held. I was taking din- different from that held last year in ner at six o'clock, when I was sum- many respects. First, there was a moned by a messenger to come at larger hearing on the part of the stu- once. Three thousand men had come, dents. Last year t/:te student audi- and they sat while the rain dript ences averaged about two thousand a down, some of them wiping the rairt night; this year they averaged over from the seats. For one hour they three thousand every night at the listened as we talked about sin, their public meetings. sins-gambling, graft, and the sins Second: for the first time also this that are honeycombing the life of year the officials were ready to give China. One business man who signed an honest hearing to the Gospel of a card got ten others to join his class.

Jesus Christ. The President, the Men said, "Wherever there is a Vice-President, members of the Cab- Christian to teach you can form inet, and the Governors of almost classes all over the city."

every province that we visited, either Some New Problems erected pavilions for the meetings or The work this year also raised new gave the students half-holidays, or· problems. I will mention only three invited us to a banquet, with an op- in passing. The revival of Con- portunity to address the officials. fucianism is very sure to come in this Third: a beginning was made not decade. The door will not forever only with the students but with the remain open to Christianity as at merchant class, who are harder to present. The movement toward Con- reach than the students. We tested fucianism is not united, it is not selfthis in the great port city of Amoy. conscious y~t, but it is growing. One

party is trying La prCl110te a material- Lastly, we have to face the probistic movement, but a far larger party lem raised by this war. Not only is is trying to strengthen the religious the Chinese Government seriously element in Confucianism. It reminds embarassed, but our home base is me of an old watch that has run threatened at a time' that calls for down, into which they are going to advance and not retreat. I expected put a new mainspring, the main- that this war would cripple the meetspring of patriotism and nationalism, ings far more than was the case. For so that the old watch will not only instance, in Shanghai I was introkeep time, but will go faster than the duced to the late Premier, and I normaL I no longer dread that move- said to him: "Will you accept Jesus ment, however, after what I have seen. Christ ?" He replied: "Then I see Europe drenched in the blood of As in the war in Europe, every your so-called Christians, and when time there is a change on the part of I see the foreign city of Shanghai the enemy, there must be a new flowing free with opium, six hundred alignment by the other side; so the shops, to curse our nation, I do nQt churches must form a new alignment want to put my foot in that mess to meet these new conditions. In that you people have made of Chrissome places the Chinese churches tianity." have been so long accustomed to deal with the lower classes, that they do I hung my head with shame. I ex'- not know how to go out and meet pected that this would be the attitude with warm hand these men of the of the students; but it was not. They upper Classes. Then there are not hardly know that war is wrong. They enough trained Bible teachers to meet are ready to listen to the claims of them and shepherd the inquirers. The Christ and are ready to join Bible wonderful growth of the Christians, classes by thousands, and to join the however, is encouraging. church by hundreds.

The Christian forces are many times When was there a time when the as effective as they were four years leaders of a nation of over four hunago. Then, after the meetings, the dred millions, one-quarter of the huinquirers would slip right through our man race, after four thousand years fingers; but now the Christians are of preparation, after a hundred years growing in the thoroughness and de- of missionary work, were so open to votion of their follow-up work. the Gospel of Christ as in China to- It is inspiring to see three or four day? Will you call for retreat or for hundred Christians praying and the crippling of forces to-day? Not pleading with inquirers, and grap- only in those few cities, but in all pling with a great situation. That is parts of China, not only for the upbound to lift their Christian life. We per classes, but for all classes, the do not go into any city or province Church ought to advance. Every unless all the church bodies unite, church in America ought to support and set apart local leaders to follow the work for a great evangelistic adup the· work, with Bible-class lead- vance. The door is wide open, but ers. None the less, the great prob- the opportunity may pass. lem is the Chinese churches.

RECENT PUBLIC I MPROVEM E N T I N

The Ce ntral Railwa y Sta tio ll , opene d in 1913, cost $5,000,000. There are fift y train s a day ea ch way Fifteen Years In Cuba RESULTS AND PRESENT STATUS OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN CUBA BY REV. J. MILTON GREE NE, D.D., HAVANA, CUBA Superintendent of the P resbyterian (North) Mission IlAJN article on "Protest- The blessing of God upon our ~ ant Missions in Cuba," work in Cuba has been so marked written by Richard and the response to our efforts has Sumerle Maher, and been so hearty on the part of in- ~ published in the Cath- creasing thousands, that we are at a otic World of Novem- loss to account fo r the basis of the ber 19, 1914, makes statements so statements in Mr. Maher's article.

strangely and glaringly aside from They seem to have been born of the the truth that I feel impelled to give imagination. 'When I recall, for ex- the real facts of the case concerning ample, an experience last year, when the need, the fruits, and present I organized two churches, one of S8 status of evangelical work .in the members and another of r4, baptizing island. For thirteen years I have them all, and marryi ng. in the fIrst been in closest touch with these case, 7 couples, all of whom were activities, and have been at pains to parents, and several of them grand- verify a t fIrst hand the data con- . parents, all but one having been born tained in this article. out of wedlock, and all being Cubans,

UNDER THE OLD REGIME IN CUBA The Malecon (driveway) as it was before the first intervention by the United State.

I am imprest anew with the need and tolerance of the opinions of for Protestant mission work, as seen others. The Protestant missions have in social conditions. taught the people to examine all things and to hold fast that which is It also appears how important and good. Thus while able to give a vital are the reconstructive influences reason for the hope that is in them, which proceed from Protestant mis- and with the moral courage of their sions. Another instance, that oc- intelligent convictions, they have a curred last year, was the reception in larger charity for those who differ our Vedado congregation of four from them in religious belief. This married couples and their children. was sorely needed in Cuba to sup- Hundreds of youth of both sexes in plant the hatred which formerly preour Bible Classes and Endeavor So- vailed so extensively. The quickencieties have had their ideals of life ing of intellectual life, the purification elevated and purified and their moral of domestic conditions, the inculcanature strengthened under the influ- tion of industry as a religious virtue, ence of an open Bible and the simple the condemnation of the lottery and Gospel. These young people are other forms of gambling, all these to-day enthusiastic champions of a and other similar influences have patriotism free -from the trammels of created an atmosphere which we are ignorance, superstition and immor- wont to consider the indirect result ality. They are conspicuous in their of Protestantism. various communities, for civic righteousness and social rectitude. Remembering the American inter- vention for Cuban independence and Nor can I forget the immense ad- the disinterested attitude of the Am– vantage of a spirit of investigation

YEARS IN CUBA

UNDER THE NEW REGIM E IN CUBA The Malecon (driveway) as it was im proved after the first intervention by the United S tates erican Government, the masses of sonal observation an d from the testithe Cuban people are quick to dis- mony of Catholic friends we judge cern in all this the outworking of that Protestant example has stimu- Protestant principles in contrast with lated the priests to a higher moral and the four centuries that preceded. evangelical tone in their pUlpit utter- The result is a predisposition to re- ances. They have also been stirred ceive gratefully whatever of good we up to repair their dingy church edihave to offer them. This is also fices and to furnish them with pews very frequently recognized by Roman instead of leaving the faithful, as Catholic friends . SCdrcely a day formerly, to stand, kneel or sit upon passes that we are not invited to open the cold stone floors. work in new centers. On every hand are many sympathizers who say The other noticeable effect is the frankly that we may count on th~ir very marked decrease in ten years ·of moral support, altho for personal and the number living in concubinage. domestic reasons they can not yet W herever Protestant influence ' exopenly affiliate with us. This means, tends, marriage is insisted upon as an in most cases, that the wives, moth- ordinance of God, and concubinage is ers, or sweethearts oppose their join- set forth as a sin. Our clergy are ing the Protestant Church. always ready to solemnize marriages without any charge, thus lifting from Two other beneficial effects of Protestant work may be mentioned. the people the heavy yoke fonnerly The first is the noticeable change in imposed upon them in the excessive the few sermons preached by the marriage fees demanded by the priests. Roman Catholic priests. From per- In order to appreciate the results of Protestant missionary work in

Cuba one must bear in mind the census showed the number of those physical, intellectual, social and reli- living in confused concubinage to be gious environment existing in the r68,c){Xl. island at the close of the Spanish war. It is a type of civilization which In religion almost everyone was may justly be termed unique and is labelled a Roman Catholic, having essentially what was found in all the been baptized as such in infancy, but former Spanish colonies. It is a civil- with at least 90 per cent. of the male ization hobbled, handicapped, re- popUlation there was no evidence in prest, cast in the mold of an in- daily life of a fear of God, obedience veterate traditionalism and saturated to His commandments or devotion to the Savior. For wholesale worldli- ONE OF THE NATURAL PRODUCTS OF CUBA Children in Havana growing up uneducated and indifferent to responsibilities with]esuitical principles. Here were ness and sinful indulgence no other found the two extremes of wealth and day was equal to the Sabbath. Expoverty, culture and ignorance, moral- c~pt on festal occasions the many ity and laxity, churchliness and indif- cathedrals and churches were very ference-with the second element in sparsely attended. Nine-tenths of each case overwhelmingly in the as- those who frequented the Mass were cendancy. In a country well-nigh women. Many of the church edifices unparalleled for fertility, poverty was were in a deplorable state of repair, widespread and the conditions of life so that the impression made upon a for the masses could hardly have been visitor was that for the great maworse from a hygienic standpoint.. jority of the men at least Roman From 60 to 80 per cent. of the people Catholicism as a religion in Cuba was were illiterate. In r899 the official in a decadent condition, the existing

YEARS IN

Church having lost the confidence of Hict with the marriage laws enacted the people. It is undeniable that the during the first American intervenpriests, as a class, with some noble tion with the express object of lesexceptions, are treated by the ma- sening the number of illicit unions jority of Cubans with cold indiffer- and of illegitimate children. From ence. This is due to their lack 1885 to 1900 the Judicial district in of culture, and in too many cases to 'Havana registered the largest number their social laxity. of marriages, filling seven books, each book composed of 400 leaves ~lore and more the masses are and each marriage occuping two turning to the Protestant ministers leaves. From 1900 to the present for marriage. My own list has A CULTIVATED PRODUCT OF CUBA Children of the Presbyterian Sabbath School at San Antonio, delos Banos reached a total of J 75 and that of one time the district which has registered associate 3,200. In many cases the the least number of marriages has pastor has also paid the registry fee filled seventeen books ,of 600 pages of one dollar, and in not a few in- each, assigning to every marriage one stances it was necessary to secure page and a quarter. In the Southern the inscription in the civil registry of Judicial district of Havana the numthose whose parents had failed to ber of matrimonial inscriptions from report their birth. 1910 to 1913 reached a total of 1,579. Of these 982 were Protestant, 418 It is worth while to note that three were Roman Catholic and 179 were years ago, Sr. Carlos Ortiz y Coffigiu, civil. Secretary of Justice, issued a circular to the municipal judges of the island, What we found in Cuba may be urging upon them to put no obstacles summed up in general terms, and in the way of registering the mar- speaking of the masses, as followsriages celebrated by Protestant minis- stagnant intellect, enfeebled will, perters, as such action would be in con- verted conscience and irreligious life.

ONE OF THE NEW CHRISTIAN INSTITUTIONS OF CUBA The new Y. M. C. A. Building to he complet<:d in April, 191.1 The people did not know how to quentiy no public conscience to be think, and were afraid to investigate, relied upon as a last resort, and men They were like animated machines, did what for the time being seemed manipulated from without and ac- to serve their own interests. The ' cepting what was told them or what idea that the end justifies the means they had inherited as truth. They made itself felt most disastrously delegated their decisions on moral in the matter of truthfulness, questions to others, knowing nothing honesty, chastity and even of friendof the right of private judgment. ship and matrimony. This explains Conscience with them had been ~o to a great extent why Cuba well-nigh misguided in their education that leads the world in the number of her moral distinctions were sadly con- suicides, ravishments, robberies and fused. Men had lost the native in- graft. stincts of right and wrong in obedience to an artificial code of morals. Certainly what has been written They worried about sins that were will suffice to justify the presence no sins and they had lost the con- of Protestant missionaries in Cuba. sciousness that men may be sinners Some of the statements made in even when they are obedient sons the article in The Catholic WarId of the Church. There was conse- stand in marked contrast to the facts which can not be refuted.

FIFTEE:t-l" YEARS IN·· CUBA

Statements in the "Catholic World" Oflicial Facts of Protestant Work "Not a single established Protestant One hundred and forty-nine organ- congregation of Cubans." ized churches with a membership of 10,975· "There are 30 per cent. less missions Established missions, 290, with 170 and 50 per cent. less workers (Protes- ordained missionary workers. tant) than there were six years ago."

"All over the island men and women Average gain In the last six years, are giving up the struggle and coming over 100 per cent. in church-member- home." ship.

"The Episcopal Mission has spent Protestant Episcopal Mission average $100,000 yearly in Cuba for salaries and expenditure since 1904, $35,000. running expenses since 1900."

"It is well below the truth to say that Total average expenditure of all Prot- $400,000 are being spent annually for estant societies, $221,429 a year. the (Protestant) conversion of Cuba."

The Protestant pastors and their been circulated to the number of assistants preach the Gospel in 300 300,000, and millions of tracts have pulpits each week. There are over been given away. Surely, from any 700 teachers in the Sabbath-schools unprejudiced standpoint, Protestant and r60 teachers in the boarding- and missions in Cuba have not been a day-schools conducted by the mis- failure and the money given has sions. There are five Protestatlt not been wasted. The manifest blesschurch papers published, Bibles have ing of God has rested on the work.

STATISTICAL RESULTS OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN CUBA (1889-1914) – -. — ——– _. Denomination <; ~ ..!< .$ ~ -~"~"~" .""~.~"", ..I ~~~ ., 1l~ .., ." "I '" '" -"" """S <; ~~ .~~ >- .E" t -.:,;,:,~ 1l t.~ .:l " " '1'"; .~ c "'''' ~…"cc,-,"", ~~ ""'""'" C;; ..~..,..",."~.,. o~~ u~"'- ~ Q'" 'C"1i'""'-i tu":;VJ .:l O.. Cu': .." """,,,,,'..-~.. ~~ ~ ~ ~ .~ ~ Baptists (S.) 1899 $40,000 29 27 1,900 31 35 2,000 7 200 75% Baptists (N.) Protestant Epis. 1899 40,000 98 37 1,537 33 56 1,640 11 565 1000/0 (In 10 yrs.) Friends Presbyterian (N.) 1904 35,000 32 19 1,677 19 19 1,237 5 669 175% Presbyterian (S.) Methodist (S.) 1900 5,714 36 7 467 21 36 621 5 353 75% 1901 33,000 31 20 1,108 20 28 1,788 12 600 20% 1899 13,000 15 9 600 7 9 750 4 500 100% -5-4,7-15 – 49 30 -3,6-86 – 3-9 – 5-1 2,597 6 -5-52 40% ~- — – -18-99 $221,429 290 149 10,975 170 234 10,633 50 3,439 100%

A Key Man at Constantinople

WILLIAM W. PEET, TREASURER OF AMERICAN MISSIONS IN TURKEY Thirty-four years ago Mr. William W. Peet, then a young man only thirty-one years of age, gave up a responsible position with the railroads of Nebraska to accept appointment as treasurer and general business agent for all the Turkey missions of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. It is an important office, the duties of which are manifold, and often perplexing. During the last sixteen years Mr. Peet has also discharged with signal ability the delicate task of representing mission interests at the foreign embassies and at the offices of the Turkish Central Government.

When Miss Ellen M. Stone and Mme. Tsilka and her infant son, born in captivity, were held for ransom by Bulgarian brigands, it was Mr. Peet who, with Dr. House and the dragoman of the American embassy, successfully negotiated their rescue. Turkish officers high and low, civil and military, had been instructed to shadow the rescuers every moment, night and day, to break up their plans for payment of a ransom, and at all hazards to arrest the abductors-their enemies. Mr. Peet was positively assured that the ladies were dead, but he quietly replied, "Then we will visit their graves." For wearisome days and nights he and his two comrades, with $66,000 in gold coin (250 pounds weight, done up in sacks), sought to elude the vigilance of the Turks, but in vain. Finally one night, while the guard slept, they crept out to the appointed place on the hillside, and successfully delivered the ransom money into the hands of the brigands–assuring the release of the captives. Thus they accomplished the seemingly impossible task.

In the years r895-97 more than $r,ooo,ooo for Armenian relief and orphansupport money was distributed through Mr. Peet's office without the loss of a dollar. Again, in the recent utter collapse of banking facilities, due to the European war, Mr. Peet has been able to meet the needs of 200 missionaries all over Turkey, with a minimum of inconvenience and delay.

In the reign of Abdul Hamid, there were many business transactions with the Turkish Government that required both business ability and diplomatic tact of an unusual order. When Mr_ Wingate of Talas purchased, as the site for a high-school, an elevation commanding a view of the Caesarea' plain, the local government declared: "That is a site for a fort, not for a school," and demanded the return of the property. Mr_ Peet, like Antonio, opposed his patience to the Turks' fury, and made use of the Turkish device of postponing any settlement until a more propitious hour. -{s a result, the Ta1as High-School building now crowns that eminence.

The success of Mr. Peet is due to certain prominent characteristics. He masters each case, and when he is sure he is right, he goes ahead. With imperturbable self-control, he is ah1e to keep an impassive face, never raising his voice even under great provocation. His manifest sincerity, his Christian principles, and his mastery of self and of the matter in hand, inspire confi'dence with men of every class. He is a model associate and friend, uniformly considerate of his colleagues and assistants. He is the executive force. His indomitable will, his calm judgment, his unassuming dignity, his consideration of others, his weighty personality, his years of experience, constitute the solid basis of his success.

EUPHRATES COLLEGE BUILDINGS OF THE AMERICAN MISSION AT HARPUT A STREET IN ERZERUM, TURKEY The large building is thc Girls' Mission School of the American Board CENTERS OF AMERICAN MISSION WORK IN TURKEY The War and Missions in Turkey BY REV. JAMES L. BARTON, D.D., BOSTON, MASS. Author of "Day Break in Turkey," "The Unfinished Task," etc.

T is a gratifying fact The entrance of Turkey into the conflict was evidently not sponmI that the present con- taneous, and was without the ap- flict is not a religious proval of all Moslem leaders. Their enthusiasm for the conflict is not on war, whatever may b'e said to the contrary. Roman Catholic and the increase, and the Christian popu- Protestant countries are in alliance· lations have never favored it.

against other Protestant and Roman The significance of the Turkish Catholic countries. Mohammedans, factor in the conflict is not due to Greek Catholics, and Jews are also the addition of 20,000,000 to the fighting upon both sides. It is a war number of peoples involved, but is in which religious and class lines are because for half a century or more obliterated. Turkey has been the storm center Turkey entered the conflict not of the Near Eastern question. Since from choice but from necessity, and the Crimean War Russia has because of pressure from without. crowded from the north for influ- From Turkey's standpoint the war ence and territory, while England, against the Allies is not a religious France and Germany have skir- war in the generally accepted mean- mished for position and influence in ing of the term. At the same time the Balkans, in Asia Minor, and in it was necessary for the Turks; be- Mesopotamia, Syri~, Arabia and fore entering upon formal hostilities, Egypt. Now that the "balance of to declare a "holy war," since all power" is in the melting-pot, Turkey Mohammedan wars are supposed to is thrust into the superheated furnace be more or less identified with re- into which are cast questions of con- ligion. The unreasonableness of the trol, sovereignity and supremacy of situation is made apparent from the more than one European nation.

fact that Turkey is in alliance with As a missionary land Turkey com- nations that are fighting Moham- mands unusual attention because of medans. In fact, they themeselves, its Mohammedan Government. It if they attempt to invade Egypt, will is practically the only country where come into open conflict with their Christian missionaries labor to-day Mohammedan brethren, while, at the that is openly and constitutionally same time, their Mohammedan army Mohammedan. It possesses a great and navy have Christians in their variety of divergent Moslem sects ranks and are fighting under the and races besides being the home of leadership of Christian officers. some of the most ancient and historic Clearly, even fr0111 the Turkish Christian races and churches. For standpoint, the war is not strictly nearly a century this mission field religious. has been occupied, mainly by the American Board and by the Pres- soon as the British Ambassador with- byterian Board of Foreign Missions. drew from Constantinople, British In no other field have more con- subjects were put under the pro- spicuously successful Christian in- tection of the American Ambassador, stitutions been established than those Mr. Morgenthau, who at once se- in Turkey. These include, besides cured from the Grand Vizier the strong, aggressive Protestant churches, assurance that all British subjects a notable list of colleges and semi- connected with the work of the naries, other schools of all grades, American Board (30 or 40 in alI) hospitals and dispensaries, printing would be undisturbed. So far as establishments, industrial enterprises, we have been able to ascertain, the and many other activities related to Turkish Government has carried out organized mISSIOnary operations. this pledge to the letter.

These institutions are distributed For a brief period one of the over the country, from -the Balkan alarming effects of the war upon peninsula on the west, "to Russia and mission work in Turkey arose from Persia on the east, and from the the abolition of the "capitulatiolIs"

Black Sea on the north to the Indian that have been in operation in Turkey Ocean on the south. They reach all for centuries. This was accompanied classes, and during the last three or by the declaration that hereafter alI four years a rapidly increasing num- foreigners and all foreign institutions ber of Moslems have been eager pa- wOl1ldcome under the laws of Tur- trons and supporters. key. There is still some misunder- The American Board and the Pres- standing as to how far this proclam- byterian Board, together with some ation will affect the Armenian, Greek, smaller missions, support fonr or Protestant and other communities, five hundred foreign missionaries, but assurance has been given by most of whom are connected with Turkish officials that American mis- the American societies. They repre- sions and institutions will not be sent an investment of more than hindered. The Grand Vizier stated $30,000,000, with an annual expen- that these institutions are carried on, diture of about $700,000 in gold, and nof under "capitulations," but under have won the patronage of the lead- the laws of the Empire. This ing official classes. There are also proclamation, which went into effect French Roman Catholic missions of on October 1St, has, so far as we considerable proportions, many of know, not unfavorably reacted upon which have strong institutions and the missionary work, and the mLs- carryon a most commendable work. sionaries are hopeful that their work At the beginning of November this will not permanently be disturbed.

entire territory, almost without warn- Turkey was most quickly and ing, found itself in open war against seriously affected by the financial Russia, England and France. All crisis caused by the outbreak of the British and French missionaries were war. This was probably due to a lack compelled to withdraw, and their of confidence in the financial system institutions were closed, except where . of that country. As soon as it was kept open by trained natives, A'i> known in Constantinople that a gen-

9 1 5] THE WAR AND MISSIONS IN TURKEY

A COMPANY OF TURKISH SOLDIERS ON' TIlE MARCH IN ARMENIA eral European war had begun, a Finally, it was arranged, through moratorium of thirty days was de- the State Department, that a Iimitclared. Later this was extended, eO' amount of gold should be and it was impossible to secure carried to Turkey by the United money from any of the banks, and States cruisers and paid over to the merchants refused to transact busi- 111issionaries. The amount was, howness on credit. The American Board ever, very inadequate to meet the Treasury at Constantinople alone re- need. Ambassador Morgenthau quires $600 gold a day, or $18,000 a also paid personally to the treasurer 1110nth for the support of the regular of the Board in Constantinople mission work and the institutions de- $17,000, cabling the American Board pendent upon it. A dispatch was to put that amount to his credit in received at the offices in Boston on Washington. Even this generous August 19th (by way of Naples), help would not meet bills already stating that the missionaries in Tur- due, much less provide for the future. key were suffering terribly for want The question arose as to whether it of gold. No bank in Boston, New would not be necessary to withdraw York, or London, or elsewhere could all the missionaries from Turkey. be found to assume the responsibility At this crisis the Standard Oil Comfor making payments in Constanti- pany of New York agreed to instruct nople. its agents in Turkey to pay limited

amounts of money into the hands of In this emergency, Mr. W. W. the institutions and mIssIonary Peet, the treasurer of the American societies there. This plan of co- Board ,missions in Constantinople, sent operation solved the problem of word to the interior that he would transmitting funds to Constantinople, pay full cash value for all drafts on Smyrna and Beirut. himself sent by the various stations. It soon "became apparent to the There was, however, a further people that the only way to send difficulty, for it was impossible to money safely from the interior to transmit the money from the mis- Constantinople was through the mission treasurers at the seaports into sionaries. It also became noised abroad that the Bible House was the FAST FRETGHT IN TURKEY only place in Constantinople where drafts .were cashed at their full face It is over such roads that money mllst be trans- value. ported to the missionaries in Armenia Now another method of relief apthe interior where are located most peared. The Mohammedan religof the missionaries and institutions. ious organization, that has endow- Under norma[ conditions it is possi- ments scattered throughout the emble to send gold from Constantinople pire, found it impossible to send the to the remotest interior stations income of those endowments to their through the mails, but now no com- headquarters in Constantinople, and pany would insure the safe delivery when they learned that the mission of such remittances, since brigan- stations offered a safe means of dage was on the increase. Under transfer they also paid in this money the panic conditions of the war other at the various stations, where it was means of exchange between Con- used for the support of the missionstantinople and the interior were in- a r i e s, and received in exchange terrupted, so that the salaries of drafts on Treasurer Peet at Conteachers and pastors could not be stantinople. These drafts were prepaid, and there was not even money sented at the Bible I-louse by the to buy daily bread. head of the Mohammedan organi- zation and were cashed at their face value.

In this way a great business cor- poration in America and the great Mohammedan religious organization in Turkey cooperated to keep mis- sionarie"s alive and at their posts, and furnished the funds needed for their work. This experience also gave to missions a new reputation of busi- nesS integrity and ability.

In September there was a serious question as to whether schools could be opened at their regular time. A

WAR AND MISSIONS IN TURKEY IB9

protest was, however, raised by all Leasona from the War classes in Turkey aga'inst any change in the usual program, lest it would The war in Turkey has taught. us throw the people into a panic in fear some lessons of no little value. of some · unknown impending disaster. The missionaries, therefore, de- First: It has revealed the lack of cided to open the schools as usual. solidarity among the Mohammedans And this was done throughout the of Turkey. A short time before country, with an attendance generally Turkey entered the war a sermon was preached in the Mosque of ,st. Sophia, Constantinople, in which the AMERICAN MINISTRIES TO TURKISH SUBJECTS A group of ·morning patients at th e International Hospital in Adana, Eu ropea n Turkey somewhat smaller than usual on ac- preacher called upon his great Mocount of the financial distress and the hammedan audience to draw the difficulties of traveL sword and enter into a holy war to exterminate Christians and cause The drastic military mobilization Islam to triumph. The only response took some teachers from mission was a loud "Amin," after which the schools, and by removing wage- audience peacefully scattered to their earners and harvesters brought great homes, hardship upon the entire country. Beasts of burden and supplies for Again, when Turkey entered into feeding the army were also requi- the war, the Sultan issued a proclasitioned to such an extent that many mation to his people that they 'were homes were left absolutely stript. entering upon a "holy war," and cal1~ By payment' of the exemption tax ing upon the Mohammedans throughmany teachers escaped service in the out the world to rally to the banner army, so that American schools have of Islam and overthrow the foes of not been seriously crippled, Mohammed, This proclamation also

called out no enthusiasm even £r0111 defense of Islam. Even Turkey the Mohammedans in Turkey. The would not expect Christian Artne- Kurdish Hamidieh, upon whom Sul- nians, Syrians, and Greeks to fight tan Abdul Hamid relied in his con- for the defense of Islam or for its flicts with the Armenians and Rus- extension.

sians, have refused to fight under the To-day the bringing of officers flag of the Sultan of Turkey, and it from a Christian nation to organize is reported that some have gone over and lead the Turkish army and the to the Russians. The Arabs, when Turkish navy is a more complete forced into the army, are also said demonstration of the disintegration to be deserting by hundreds and of Turkey as a Mohammedan mili- thousands. tary power.

This call to a "holy war" from one Fourth: The present crisis dem- who claims to be the Caliph of Islam, onstrates the influence and power the successor of Mohammed, has of Christian missionary institutions.

met With little response, and many The Turks have turned to the mis- even Df the leading Moslems of sionary hospitals as the chief source Consta'ntinople are arrayed in oppo- of medical help for soldiers as well sition to it. as for civilians. The missionary Second: This war has revealed the schools have not only been undis- fact that Turkey does not command turbed, but local officials, and even the following. of the Mohammedans Turkish generals have exprest of the world. While this, the only re- their appreciation and confidence in maining strong Mohammedan. Gov- them, and have given assurance that ernment, was issuing a call to arms they would be protected. The' Com- against the Christians, the Moham- mander-in-Chief of the Fourth Tur- medans of India were giving money, kish Army Corps, located in Smyrna, and were offering their services to and the Civil Governor, have been the British Government. The Egyp- particularly friendly toward the In- tians also, nominally a part of Tur- ternational College and' to President key, declared their loyalty to Great MacLachlan, altho the latter is a -Britain, while Turkey and Russia are British subject.

in conflict. While friends in America have Third: The Turks themselves are been alarmed lest the American mis- proving their inability to continue as sionaries should suffer hardship, the a self-governing nation in the face missionaries in Turkey have not of the onward march of civilization. seemed to be disturbed or anxious.

Since the days of Mohammed the They have confidence in the local Turkish army had been, theoretically government, and believe that when at least, the main support of Mo- the storm is past, and Turkey is hammedanism. When, however, the again at peace, all classes will look Constitution was proclaimed in 1908, upon the missionary work as among and Christians were admitted into the the most permanent and most worthy . army on equal terms with Moham- of perpetuation of any of the uplift- medans, the Turkish army ceased to ing and civilizing influences and in- be one that could be used for the stitutions in the Turkish empire.

Toleration In

BY REV. JOHN W. BUTLER, D.D., LL.D. MEXICO CITY Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church ~I T is significant that the Creator." No review of Mexico men high in the coun- is complete which ignores this great struggle which began in 1810 and is , cils of both Church still in progress.

and State should, at Most Americans to-day seem to be as lacking in sympathetic patience to- about the same time, ward our distrest brothers of Mexico as were their grandfathers appeal to the public some seventy years ago, when Daniel Webster said to a circle of friends: from the pulpit and the press with "We have a sister republic on our southern border almost in mortal energetic claims that the revolution- agony and no one among us seems willing to lend it a helping hand." ary leaders of Mexico had initiated The truth is that the Mexican people, as a whole, have never had a chance. a campaign of persecution against The few who have had a chance have "made good" and, as a result, the Roman Catholic Church of that many of their. professional men, merchants, farmers, mechanics, and country. Two Cardinals, several others, will compare favorably with their brothers north of the Rio priests, some national representatives Grande. But the masses have never had what we, in the .United States, and one ex-President of the United call "a square deaL"

States, are among those who tell of When the accumulated wrongs of three centuries were almost crush- "churches confiscated or looted, con- ing the life out of them and the bitter murmurings which escaped vents destroyed, priests shot in cold their lips reached the ears of their masters, who came from across the blood, Jesuits, secret orders and sea to lord it over them, the Viceroy aded fuel to the fire by a proclamaciergy sent out of the country, nuns tion containing the following para- graph: "Let the people of these outraged, and other evidences of dominions learn once for all that they were born to be silent and obey intolerance." In all lands and at and not to discuss nor to have opinions in political affairs." all times Protestants are foremost Under circumstances less afflictive in condemning such wrongs, and are the first in demanding equal toleration for all creeds. Some things, however, should be said about the reprehensible intolerance and fanatical excesses now being laid at the door of the revolutionary leaders and authorities in Mexico.

The public utterances referred to completely ignore the provisions of the Constitution of 1857, and the Laws of Reform, as well as the long and bitter struggle which a suffering people have endured, with tremen- dous sacrifices, in order to reach part of the way toward democracy and all those other "inalienable rights"

with which they were "endowed by

what did American patriots do in foreigners) have always been against 1776? What did the French people the best interests of the masses.

do in 1789? And, going still further The aristocracy, largely descend- back, what did our forefathers do ants of the conquerers and Spanish in 1640 and 1688 in order to rescue grandees, wanted the peons to work from the battleground of four hun- on their great estates, and for their dred years that grand Magna Charta purposes they did not wish them that they might plant it as the Con- educated. Most of the priests from stitution of a free and liberty-loving Europe were too worldly, and par- people? To each of these questions took too largely of that "lust of gold"

the answer is the same; they which characterized the early con- revolted, and by so doing set the querors, to have much concern in the example to our Mexican brothers as real uplift of the Indians. They, the only possible method open to therefore, generally played into the them for righting their wrongs. hands of the aristocracy. The ruling Surely, then, no American or Eng- class has always 'sided with the rich lishman or Frenchman should with- as against the poor.

hold sympathy from these struggling The indigenous people of Mexico people. Harsh criticism smacks of had thus been under control since at apostacy. vVhen that unrighteous least a thousand years before the proclamation went abroad, in the Christian era, and part of them early days of the nineteenth century, represent a civilization equal, in some Divine Providence, who created all cases, to that forced upon them by men equal, raised up leaders among "military eloquence." These people the common people who cried and are compelled to li'e in ignorance, cried aloud, "vVe will not lay down degradation, and superstition, are our arms till we have wrested the deprived of the ownership of their jewel of liberty from the hand of own God-given lands, and are then the oppressor." required to till them for masters It has been an uneven struggle from over the sea. The native against great odds, dragging its Mexicans are given absolutely no weary way through more than a participation in the choice of their century, but it means for them free- rulers, and then, after three hundred dom from Spanish domination, from years of Christian civilization ( ?) religious oppression, from serfdom they are told that they "were born to imposed by landlords, and from ig- be silent and obey." Can we wonder norance. Even now, 80 per cent. are that these creatures of God rose up still illiterate, tho nominally under to throw off the yoke, and that now the influence of the historic church the slogan of their revolution is for four centuries. A powerful "effective suffrage" and "the return trinity of the privileged classes has of our lands?" This is the crux been united against the people at of the whole trouble in Mexico.

every renewal of their effort; for Some American correspondents who the rulers, the aristocracy (which go down into the country seek out included military officers), and the "sore spots," and returning home are high clergy (who were generally generously paid to' write magazine

TOLERATION IN MEXICO

articles about "Barbarous l'vlexico." press without exaggeration. vVhat vVhy do not some of them give more· has actuaIly taken place in Mexico is prominence to the mistakes and fail- bad enough, and at times has rivaled ures of the past 400 years? the atrocities of the French Revolu- The Christian people of the United tion. vVrongdoing is never justifi- States need a more careful con- able, however great the provocation, MAKING A PILGRIMAGE IN MEXICO A :Mexican Roman Gatholic devotee making a pilgrimage to a holy shrine on her knees. She collects coins in the pan on the ground in front sideration of the facts before hastily and yet the provocation should beget condemning everything south of the sympathetic consideration. That is Rio Grande. All the Mexicans are all we plead for in the case of poor not cut-throats, nor are all the revolu- Mexico in these days of her sore tionists bandits. Nor are the ac- trial. In this spirit let us look at counts appearing in the American some of the charges to which we refer.

Some of the Charges that, according to law, no such con- The first is that the leaders of the vents have existed in Mexico for revolution are ruthlessly confiscating church property in Mexico. This is over fifty years. not correct. All church property was confiscated under the Constitu- Another mistaken charge is that tion of 1857, and now the Church can not legally hold property as an the present leaders of the revolution investment. Mexican historians make clear why such drastic measures are expelling Jesuit priests, nuns, and were incorporated into the Constitution and emphasized by the re- other religious orders from Mexico. form laws of 1859. It was, as one of them says, "because the Church The same reason, given above as to became a very prominent factor in politics and could upset and establish the political influence of the Church, governments at its pleasure, fomenting the many revolutions which were applied with special force to all constantly breaking out." Therefore, it was that the political power of secret religious orders. Hence, in the Church was destroyed by effecting a complete independence of 1873, Mexico promulgated additional Church and State, and the confiscation of all Church property-from the reform laws, which expelled all such most magnificent cathedral to the smallest chapel, and from the moat secret societies from the country. In expensive convent to the humblest shrine in the country. All Church this they only did what several counproperty not built in recent years belongs to the government, which, tries in Latin America and many in turn, gives a free lease to the Church of such edifices as are re- countries in Europe had found it quired for public worship. All this was brought to pass by the Liberal necessary to do. If, therefore, Party, most of whose members lived and died in the Roman Catholic fold, Jesuits, nuns, and members of kintho they were decidedly opposed to the Church as a political insti- dred orders have recently been tution. Rare, indeed, was the case when a Liberal de~lared himself op- found in Mexico, they were there posed to Christianity. Reports of the confiscating of Church property against the law, the existence of in these days is a mistake-such confiscation occured nearly sixty years which they certainly were not· ignorago. As to the destruction of convents, it is only necessary to say ant. The present authorities were fully authorized in reminding them of the law. .

It has also been asserted that many of the clergy have recently been expelled from the country. The Constitution of 1857 provides not only for the separation of Church and State, but it also guarantees full religious liberty. This means equal toleration for Roman Catholic, Protestant, Mormon, or Jew; and no one has more reason to be grate- ful for those reasonable and just provisions of the Constitution than the ancient people of God whose descendants in Mexico were, in for- mer times, subjected to much cruel treatment simply for following the faith of their fathers.

It appears to be true that a con- siderable number of priests have been sent out of the country, but

TOLERATION IN

the revolutionists claim that all such Methodist Mission School and were foreigners and had given Church. Every room on the premprovocation. They claim that many ises but one was looted, two cabinet of these left "because of troubled organs, furniture, books, and clothconsciences," or for fear that they ing were carried out and publicly might be expelled.. The famous burned. Then the mob set fire to thirty-third article of the Consti- the building, which would have been tution was framed at a time when utterly destroyed had not the townsthese secret orders were giving people organized, armed themselves, trouble to the government. It em- driven off the mob and extinguished powers the authorities to expel from the fire. Probably 90 per cent. of the republic, without process of law, these townspeople were Roman any foreigner found meddling with Catholics who have thus incurred our politics. It is a tremendous power lasting gratitude. An inventory to place in the hands of any man, made out by a notary public of but the experience of the past called Queretaro puts :the damage at it into existence and it has. a special $13,800 silver. No complaint has terror for transgressors of the law. been lodged with the Government at Vashington because of this un- Other evidences of persecution are provoked attack on the Methodist mentioned, such as the outraging of property, nor for the indignities sufnuns, the desecration of sacred places, fered by both missionaries and native the burning of confessionals. All clergy during the past four years. such acts the Protestants emphatically condemn. Such things are a dis- A few hours after the Queretaro grace wherever and whenever they mob had done its work, General Villa oc<:ur. Good people of all creeds and General Gutierrez arrived in the lift their voices against them. In city, and on being informed of what the present case, however, these had happened, immediately sent men excesses were not the acts of the to repair the buildings. Two of the authorities or leaders of the revolu- ringleaders were arrested and would tion, but of irresponsible mobs, have been shot but for the earnest among which, at times, may have pleadings of the Methodist pastors, been found soldiers. who declared that they sought not revenge but simply the restoration of One concrete case will suffice to their property. Protestants and illustrate our meaning. After the Roman Catholics, alike, are suffering fall of the Huerta Government a the horrors of war in Mexico, and mob entered a Roman Catholic yet, these acts, like similar events in Church in the city of Queretaro, Europe, too awful to narrate, are brought out a confessional stall, and not be laid at the door of the leaders burned it in the streets. The Con- except in very rare cases. They are stitutional forces which entered the committed by degenerate soldiers or city soon after restored order. A irresponsible mobs. few days later, when these forces evacuated the city, and before the Two other charges have been rearrival of Gen. Villa's army, another peatedly made to the effect that mob sought to wreck revenge on the General Huerta was promised "that if

he Lecame a .Mason it would secure All the aLove has for its object him election and American recog- to show two things. First, that our nition." According to the New York Mexican brothers deserve a more Times of December 17th, Father sympathetic hearing on the part of McMahon publicly charged also that the American public than they have "recognition and support were hitherto received. Armed interven- offered to Huerta if he would em- tion is the last thing that ought to brace Protestantism." The first be considered. Secondly, historic charge is certainly open to doubt. Christianity in Mexico needs to be Irregular and irresponsible Masons, vitalized before it can adequately ful- of Wh0111 there are some in Mexico, fil its sacred mission among the may do reprehensible things, but the Mexican people. Historic Christian- Masonic Order, as stich, would never ity, with its splendid cathedrals and have done what is alleged in this religious pageantry alone, in the case. There is no Masonic con- centers of the country, are not suffi- spiracy in Mexico. cient. Roman Catholics and Protes- " The second charge is a most sur- tants alike must go into the towns, hamlets and rural districts in the prizing piece of news. I have been simplicity of primitive Christianity, the dean of the missionary corps in and 111 the spirit of its Divine Mexico City for several years, and Head, until every last man and intimately associated with the native woman of these 16,000,000 111clergy for a much longer period. habitants has been lifted out No stich offer could have been made of degradation, superstition and without my knowledge. Moreover, idolatry, and has been brought into all readers of the MISSIONARY vital touch with "the God and Father REVIEW will know that no Protestant of lIS all." When that glad day apcould ever make such an offer. It is proaches, as the immortal Lincoln absolutely contrary to the genius of declared, "Mexico will rise again," Protestantism, and the man who and her people "will learn war no could offer any worldly or political more." Protestant Christianity, with consideration as a motive" for joining his church would be unworthy of membership in any Protestant or- the open Bible, the living Christ, and ganization. The only door of en- a liberal education, stall(~s now as trance is by repentance and faith in always for those forces that will Jesus Christ. hasten the coming of that glad day; MODERN CHRISTIANITY Modern Christianity is rapidly recovering the social impUlse of its earliest days. It is glowing once again with the old fire. The fatalist-whether he wear the garments of materialism or of predestination-does not count in the forward march of the Christian army to-day. The Church is convinced that a Christianity which does not go about "doing good" is not the Christianity of Christ. A religion which ignores the healing of the body is not the religion of Him who "took our infirmities, and bore our diseaseS." A religion which ignores child labor and child mortality is not the religion of Him who took the children in His arms. A religion which has nothing to say about vice and crime in the modern city can not claim kinship with the power that speaks out ih the great apostolic letters to Corinth and Rome and Ephesus. A faith that merely hopes the will of God will be done in heaven as it is not on earth, is not the faith of the Lord's Prayer.-W. H. P. Faunce.

E. HIGGINS-THE LUMBERJACKS' SKY

The Lumberjacks' Sky Pilot BY RE V. THOMAS D. WH I T T LES, NORTH EAST, PEN N S YLVA N IA Autho r of "The P a ri ~ h of the Pines"

fJN o messenger of religion the great forests of the north has left a broader trail and west, where he blazed the trail, and founded the mission to . in the lumber districts lumberj acks and riverpigs. The tale of the camps can never be writ- of the United States ten without telling the story of Hig- gins. In bunkhouse and byway he than Frank Higgins, delivered his message of regenera- the well-known Sky Pilot. For nearly twenty years he was active as a missionary in

tion, in city and town he graphically the response that he, who a moment told the narrative until the chur~hes ago had desired to lead an army of were awakened to participate in his stumps to victory, fled to the cover unique labor of love. His message of the forest, pursued by the convul- went beyond our national boundaries, sive laughter of his friends. Year!'

and Canada and England listened afterward, when commenting on this with responding interest. incident, he said, "You see, it was a Francis Edmund Higgins was sermon to men after all."

born forty-nine years ago in Toron- Men were always his auditors, and to, Canada, of Irish parentage. His among the stumps of many a far-off boyhood years were passed on a pinery he preached with results that farm north of Toronto, and the great caused mothers and angels to laugh factor that entered into them was in gladness.

the godly spirit of his stepfather, He was twenty years old when he who by life and precept led young returned to Toronto and entered the Higgins into the presence of the sixth grade of the city schools. He Nazarene. Many times I have heard remained there until he completed his Frank Higgins declare, "For my re- second year in the high school. At ligion I am indebted more to my twenty-five he returned to Dufferin stepfather than to any other person. county and was licensed to preach on He pointed to higher things, and led the Rosemount Circuit of the Metho- the way." . dist Church. The Methodist breth- No sooner had Higgins experi- ren found Higgins an unusual propo- enced ,religion than he began to sItIon. He could not, would not, propagate it, and through his per- work along the normal conservative suasion m 0 s t of his companions lines, but insisted on going his own joined the company of believers. A pace and along new trails. Finally, semi-weekly prayer meeting was or- they decided to dispense with his ganized in the school house, Frank services for three sufficient reasons Higgins leading the first meeting, -first, he was too old to study for and nine of the young men who at- the ministry; second, he was too ig- tended these gatherings afterward norant; and third, he had 110 relig- became preachers of the Gospel. ion.

Long before he united with the So it has ever been, the truly great Church the desire to preach possest have been misunderstood. To Frank him, and daily he discoursed to the Higgins' religion alone was his great- stumps while laboring in the fields. ness due. His love for Christ was Once, at the climax of an eloquent the spring of his service. His relig- sermon, as he vigorously chided the ious life was too natural, simple stumps for their inactivity, and with and unaffected, however, for the boyish enthusiasm bade them un- understanding of many, and even in sheath their swords and possess the later years some doubted him. But promised land, his stepfather and the thousands of lumberjacks have rea- hired man, who were unsuspected son to thank God for the man who listeners, thrust their heads above the knew no cant, whose life retained silent audience.. So unexpected was the simplicity of childhood, and

LUMBERJACKS' SKY PILOT

FRANK HIGGINS CONDUC'IING A CA.MP MEETING his beloved lumberjacks. Here he learned of the roaring "riverpigs" whose love for Christ brought him and wilful "timber savages," and the into closer relation with the Ishmaels unconventional 'love of the Higgins of humanity. heart went out to them with a desire that was stedfast to the end. The The opinions of men, however, unchurched for est e r s became his could not deter Frank Higgins. He hearers, and by the swift-flowing was determined to preach, and hear- streams and in the low-built bunking of the mission needs of Minne- houses, he declared to them, Christ's sota, he crossed the boundary and way of reformation and salvation. was appointed to the Annandale Methodist Church. After two years From that spring day in Barnum there he went to Hamline University, his marriage tie to the lumberjacks supporting himself by preaching on was never broken, never strained, the Sabbaths. The presiding elder and in his a'fter-work at Bemidji he found the Irish Canadian a problem devoted more effort to the camp men hard to solve and two years later than he did to the congregation he Higgins was left without an appoint- had been sent to serve. It was this ment, and his school-days closed. devotion to the lumberjacks, and the The man· had not yet found him- time it took from his studies, that self. caused his ordination to be so long withheld. The Presbyterians found He had been raised a Presbyterian him as hard to understand as had the and, when in 1895 the way opened for him to enter the service of the Presbyterian Church at Bar n u m, Minnesota, he gladly returned to the denomination of his youth. It was ilt Barn.um that he fou1~d himself and

Methodists, but finally, in 1902, he churches and to raise funds for the was ordained by Duluth Presbytery. 1111SSlon. The following March, In the fall of that year Higgins while visiting the Montana camps, he resigned his position at Bemidji and received additional injuries in a rail- accepted appointment u n d e r the road wreck at Thema. He was car- Evangelistic Committee of the Pres- ried to Spokane for treatment, and byterian Church. His entire time while in the hospital it was discov- was given to camp work, and the ered that sarcoma had developed :It byways of the Minnesota forests the point of the former fracture, have never known a more devoted which necessitated an operation. Al- and persistent traveler than this mes- tho two-thirds of the left collarbone senger to the "down al1d outs." No was removed, he recovered quickly camp was too far away, no man and returned to his labors. Then the was too low to reach. He knew no right collarbone showed evidences of respect of persoris, no class, but to the disease~ and on the 1st of Octo- millionaire and pauper preached thc ber, 1914, he again submitted to the same unfaiLng Gospel. The comforts knife. Evidently the bones had been of home, so dear to most of us, were weakened by the packs he had car- forgotten when the privilege of ser- ried from camp to camp.

vice presented itself. The rebuffs After the second operation the Sky that discourage weak men found him Pilot gradually lost his great physical clad in the armor of hope. He had strength, but he would not rest.

a message, and with God's help he Vithin four weeks he was again on would deliver it-and the help of the rostrum pleading for his "boys"

God he never doubted. in the woods, ancl continned to do After the logging camp work was this nntil within a month of his transferred from the Evangelistic death. A few days before Christ- Committee to the Home Board it mas he went to his boyhood home in grew from a Minnesota work to one Shelburne, Ontario, and there, in the of national dimensions,' and at the afternoon of January 4th, he entered present time nine states have organ- irito rest. A wife and daughter and ized work under the care of the thousands of friends suffer a per- Board. For this increasing work sonal bereavement in. his departure.

Frank Higgins raised most 'of the On Janm.ry ninth, the body that needed money in his appeals to the had so often carried the pack over churches, and few men have ex- the long trails, was laid away at perienced a more hearty response. Rockford, Minnesota, but the spirit H i g gin s grew with his work, lives in the lives of men made better, broadened mentally and spiritually in the camp missionaries he inspired, with his ever-widening view of the and in the city dwellers who learned vision. Every success made him more through him a new message of lowly, and his constant prayer was brotherhood. The piney trail has led "make me more worthy, more useful." to the heavenly landing, and I doubt In November, 1913, Higgins frac- 110t the Divine Scribe entered beside tured his collarbone, but in spite of the name of the Lumberjacks' Sky discomfort he continued to address Pilot the sufficient word-Love!

Indian Peyote

BY MRS. DELAVAN L. PIERSON lf"TIHE efforts of St. Paul the red man. The blossom, when to rid the Corinthian dried and eaten, intoxicates to de- Church of the excres- lirium, and gives enchanting exag- cences of heathenism gerations of color, and of sound, and ~ which clung to their of time. It is popularly known as worship are being "mescaL" duplicated to-day by a brave company of men and women who are The early Franciscan fathers found fighting to save the American Indians the worship of the peyote so firmly from the degrading cult of Peyote entreflched in the religion of the worship, which has spread its blight Mexican Indians that, as a comfrom Mexico to Canada within the promise, they transferred its miraclelast fifteen years. working powers to a calendar saint- Santa Nina de Peyotes, and in the SAMPLES OF THE '''MESCAL BUTTONS'" village of Rosales there stands to-day a little wooden image of Saint Nina Natural size of the top of the cactus plants used in as she is said to have suddenly ap- peyote worship peared among the peyote plants on the hillside. Around her neck, as a Growing on the rocky ledges of sort of rosary, hangs a chain of the the hills in Central and Northern blossoms. Mexico is a diminutive cactus, known in Spanish as the Peyote, but called Altho no Indian rites center around by the Indians since prehistoric times that statue now, the pernicious mescal "the plant of Life," and' held sacred cult or peyote worship spread from by them as a special gift of God to that center to the Kiowas and Comanches of Southwestern United States. It has journeyed steadily northward, dropping off its pagan elements and clothing itself with Christian rites, until now it mas- querades as the special revelation of Christ for ,the red man, and the places of meeting are called "God's tent."

The Indians use a decoction of the plant for baptismal and communion services, and account it holy water for purification purposes. 'They give it in large doses as medicine for all ailments, and pour it into the ears of new-born infants. Many cases of im- becility, insanity, and suicide are directly traceable to its use. They affirm that it is a specific for tuber-

culosis and for certain loathsome plant is a great asset in the propagadiseases. tion of the "gospel of the bean."

It is argued by the Indians that The Indian'. Territory the eating of the "mescal. bean," or peyote, destroys the taste for liquor The following are verbatim ex- -and in a measure this seems to be tracts from documents sent to Washtrue. A peyote debauche is never ington by leaders of the Winnebago accompanied by acts of violence, so Indian Peyote Church: that it is, from the standpoint of the guardians of the law, the lesser evil. "We have adopted a form of wor- Many officials have strongly seconded ship in which we use the medicine petitions drawn up by the Indians, and have f,orwarded to our Govern- * generally referred to as the mescal ment in Washington personal requests that no legislation be con- but which is known to us as the sidered which would take from the "peyote." We feel that we are en- Indians "the peyote button, which titled to exercise one of those first they treasure more than their prop- and fundamental principles estaberty." lished in this country-the right to worship God in freedom and accord- This last statement, made by an ing to the dictates of our own conofficial in charge of the Kiowas and sciences. We prize this medicine as Comanche Indians, is, alas! only too highly as we do our farms, our true. A peyote-eater becomes an blankets, and our homes. . . . To idle, worthless member of society, us, this 'medicine' is a portion of loses all interest in improving his the body of Christ, even as the comgrant of -land, and will sacrifice any- munion bread is believed by other thing, however dear, to obtain the Christian denominations to be a porsacred bean. He defies all influences tion of Christ's body. We read in that tend to lift him out of this the Bible where Christ spoke of a degraded state. Comforter, who was to come. Long ago this Comforter came to the From the standpoint of the Chris- whites, but it never came to the Intian missionary, peyote-eating presents dians until it was sent by God in the more than a mere physiological form of this holy medicine. We problem. It is not alone a "dope" know whereof we speak. We have which the pure food laws should tasted of God, and our eyes have legislate into the class with morphine, been opened. It is utter folly for opium, and cocaine, it is a system of scientists to try and analyze God's worship inimical to Christianity. It body. No white man can understand has its roots deep in the historic it. It came from God. It is. a part past of the red race, and because of of God's body. God's Holy Spirit is this it makes the strongest kind of enveloped in it. It was given excluan appeal to the Indians. They hail sively to the Indians, and God never it as a revival of an ancient religion intended that white men should underaltogether their own, as against the stand _it. Our ranks are constantly white man's foreign religion, and the increasing in numbers. . . . It (this mysterious drugging power of the religion) will never cease nor falter *uYesca1," a Mexican term, meaning "booze."

AMERICAN' INDIAN PEYOTE WORSHIP

till every Indian within the boun- one day: 'My friends, I am glad I daries of our great country has can be here and worship this medilearned the truth and knows God as cine with you, and we must organize God intends they shall know him." a new church and have it like the Mormon church.' Whenever they A description by eye-witnesses of pray in meeting, they put the bean the services held weekly in the on a white cross or a white napkin "mescal" meeting-house will help us on the ground, and they touch the to form a just idea of how much the bean first, and they touch their lips, Indians are being helped to "know and they hold up their hands, and God" by this method of direct com- they rub their breasts, and then pray munication through 'the mouth.

AMERICAN INDIANS AT MESCAL-WORSHIP IN A TENT AT WINNEBAGO, NEB. The mescal, or peyote, is in front of the man in the center Peyote worship seems to have at- to the peyote, and then to God. They tained its highest development among consecrate themselves to the peyote. the Winnebagoes, and the following They begin taking the medicme along description is given by an Indian at- about dark, and when they pass it tendant of that tribe: they ask you how many you want, and urge you to take more. The "The leader sits in the center of medicine doesn't work right away, but the circle and has twelve apostles, after it begins to take effect along six on each side of him, drest in toward midnight, they begin to cry white. Rattles, gourds, and drums and sing and pray, and stand and are beating time. They baptize you shake all over; and some of them with a tea made from the peyote. just sit and stare. One of the 'mescal Then you drink some of the tea and eaters' said: .'1 see Jesus' picture in they make signs on your forehead the bean tea.' The women have no with it, and then they take an eagle part in the mescal meetings, only to wing and fan you with it. I heard eat the beans. and they lie around an educated Indian say in meeting

the corners of the room like a lot of spiritual visions follow after. Several dOgs. They do very bad things, so leaders in the Indian work have taKen it is like they lose all their ashamed- the drug that they might know the effects, and that these effects might ness." be scientifically noted by physicians. A mission worker visited the serv- Effects of the Drug ice among the Poncas. "The meeting place," she writes, "was overcrowded The following experiences of Inand overheated with the large central dians are told in their own words:* altar which is kept constantly burning. ·1 found that the members were "After I ate peyote the first time composed of the educated young I was kind of afraid of it. It made Ponca men, who, tho long past the me feel kind of dizzy and my heart days of paint and feathers, were de- kind of thumping, and I felt like corated with them, and frequently crying. They told me this was bewore a Catholic rosary in their hair. cause of my sins. When I shut my The peyote was served by their leader, formerly assistant carpenter of the eyes it makes me nervous, because I Ponca· Agency. I was informed by members of the cult that out of the see things I don't see when my eyes bean, lying on the crescent-shaped are open. I was sick to my stomach, altar in the center of the tent, would and trembled all over. After I had emerge the body of our Savior, visible taken twelve beans I saw a mountain only to those who partook "Qf a suffi- with roads leading to the top, and cient number of beans to obtain this people drest in white going up these concession from Deity" To their wild roads, and I sawall sorts of colors songs and ~he incessant beating of the and arrows began to fly all· around tom-tom was added the deadly nar- me. I began to perspire freely, and cotic influence of the peyotes, as all to' hear voices just like they came eyes remained intently fixt upon the from all around the ceiling. After I altar. At times incense was thrown ate thirty-six of these peyote I got on the altar, and the fragrance wafted just like drunk, only more so, and I by the leader over the sacred bean. felt kind of good, but more good than A modern corruption of the historic when I drink whisky. I just felt peace-pipe was pa"ssed around in the as I could throw my arms out and form of a cigaret, and at midnight my arms left me and went off in the the communion cup–peyote tea-was air. And I felt I was all going to given. I sat between two educated pieces. Everybody that I saw looked Poncas, one ate fourteen beans, and so much larger. Whenever you eat stated that ne could eat forty. The these beans it makes you {eel more· limitation is reached when nature whatever you are thinking about, and rebels "and uncontrollable nausea sets so if anyone has passions it makes in. The' tc:int at this stage is dis- him feel more so. The lead~rs tell gusting in the extreme." as an argument, that if you belong "'This process is recognized as that to the society you can indulge yourof repentance, and'the casting out of self all you please. The treasurer of the sacred peyote society was sitting all sin from the body. The uplifting *From a" r~port to the vovernllJent gathered by the CommissIOner of Indian Affairs of the D… partment of the Interior.

INDIAN PEYOTE WORSHIP

next to me, and I asked him if he lazy. We have our meetings Satur- heard young kittens. ,It sounded as day night, because we don't work on if they was right close to me, and Sundays. Many are getting blind then I sat still a long time. They say who use this medicine very much; that if you eat this bean, it will cure When I was eating it I just saw you from whisky drinking, and it flames shooting out from my eyes, makes you saving and a better worker. and I could not sleep or close my I know this is noLtrue. I have royes. One man ate seventy-five been to Sioux City with many of the beans, and it killed him, so they re- Mescal Society, and got drunk with 1 duced the dose to twenty or thirty.

them on whisky. I am sure that if I think I was killing myself, and my I had kept on taking the mescal I mind was going. The Government would have died, because I. nearly ought to stop this, because it is worse died as it was." than whisky."

Another Indian says, "I was sick, and I took six big beans of mescal An Agent'. Experiment to make me well. They told me to One of the agents of the Cheyenne think about the Spirit. After I took arid Arapahoe Agency, who experi- the medicine about three hours' I mented with the plant, says: "I do began to fed like I was going to be not believe that any person under dead. It feels like my blood would the influence of this drug could pos- stop running and my heart moves sibly commit murder, for crime seems very slow. When it nearly stops I absolutely foreign to the state of began to see things, and I see every- mind which exists. The thoughts are thing moving around me-snakes and rather along the line of brotherly love.

all kinds of animals, just like circus An incident occurred during the test.

pictures passing me, and many ani- My physician saw a young bird which mals I hever see before. I see pic- had fallen from a tree. He lifted it tures of the devil with red clothes up to replace it in a nest. This is and horns. After this I began to what he really meant to do, but it fe<:l good and happy, more so than seemed to me that he was undertaking when I am drunk on whisky. I ~as to bring about universal brotherhood happy all night, and I felt like in the' bird kingdom!"

laughing all the time. Something It was hoped that the young Gov- was laying on the floor in the corner ernment-educated Indians would re- of the room, and I was verymtich volt from such superstitious rites,and afraid of it;, but I feel very foolish, that peyote worship would die out and I know something was wrong with the old Indians, but it is not with' my head, because it was my doing so. The Government is not overshoes! When breakfast was sufficiently recognizing it as an evil, cooked' I was hungry, but could not and thousands of these peyote buttons eat because my mouth was all covered are coming unchallenged into our In- with, that stuff. It seemed like red dian schools, sent by the parents of fleas was walkirig' all' over me. 'I the children. School-hays run away rlever feel like I could do anythjng from school to attend mescal meet- when I eat mescal. It makes me' feel ings, ,:an~ always: return· mentally de-

ficient and incapable of study for These statistics were gathered several days. several years ago. To-day's figures would present a still more disturbing The younger men are attracted to comparison. its use, not only because of its pleasurable sensations, but because Many Christian Indian congregathey can rise to leadership as mescal tions are a sad sight resembling those prophets in these lodges and gain of the war zone. The aged and the prominence which, under the old re- children are there, but the youth who gime, was denied them. "Old, ignor- should be the present-day strength ant, full-blood Indians," says one who of the Church have been lured away knows, "will part with considerable by the peyote habit. sums of money and property just for the privilege of shaking the hand of The Indian'. Appeal the spiritual leader and receiving his blessing at one of these ceremonial In December, 19II, the Kickapoo meetings." Indians of Kansas 'sent to the Honor- able Commissioner of Indian Affairs A regular missionary propaganda, at Washington the following appealsimilar to that of the Mormon church, ing note: is carried on by the more established "peyote lodges." Attractive young "We most earnestly petition you to men are sent out by twos to visit help us keep out the peyote from our other reservations and encourage their people. We realize that it is bad for cult. In~ians to indulge in that stuff. It makes them indolent, keeps them At present nearly all the buttons from working their farms and taking come in from Mexico free of duty, care of their stock. It makes men and there is no restriction on their and women neglect their families. sale, unless we call the statutes We think it will be a great calamity enacted in Oklahoma in 1909 restric- for our people to begin to us~ the tive. There were no provisions made stuff. If the Government has any for the' enforcement of this law, and power to keep the, people from bringit is a dead letter. ing this stuff on Indian lands, we most earnestly petition you to send Two organizations, one Christian our superintendent instructions to and the other peyote-users, both com- take action against the introduction posed largely of the younger element of peyote on the Kickapoo reservaof the tribes, presented the following tion in 'Kansas. We urge you to telling statistics: take immediate action before the stuff gets hold of our people." Christ-worshippers Per cent. In the three years that have passed since the letter was sent to Washing- Self supporting …………….50 ton, the peyote habit has invaded the Partially self-supporting .•.••…. 33 Kickapoo Indian Reservation, brought Idle ….••..•………. ',' .2-3 of 1 by zealous Cheyenne and Arapahoe Non-able-bodied .•……….•.• 10 delegates from Oklahoma. To whose charge will the guilt be laid? And Peyote-worshippers when will we learn that the King's Per cent. business requireth haste?

Self supporting …………….21 Partially self-supporting .•.•.•.•4O Idle ..•…………………•.•10 Non-able~bodied '••.•…••••••••26

Test of Discipleship 'f

BY THE REV. HUGH L. BURLESON, D.D. Secretary of the Dome.tic and Foreign Missionary Society of the Protestant Episcopal Church mT HE story is told of a points of contact between our Master saintly professor of and the souls He is seeking, or whether theology who was met we may not become centers of inter- by one of his students ference? I am reminded of one clergy- and was asked this man of our own communion-I am abrupt question: "Doc- thankful to say he is not representative tor, do you believe in the Incarnation?" -who on being reminded that he and His reply was: "My dear fellow, the his little congregation had, through a Incarnation is taking place every day. space of five years, done nothing to ex- The Divine life is entering into human tend the Kingdom of God outside their relations and the living Christ is com- own borders, S'ent this brief response: ing to dwell in human bodies." Do you not see how this brought the idea down "My dear. Sir: I am very sorry that from the realm of dogmatic theology we can not help your work." and made it concrete as a matter of personal religious experience? Per- Do you not see where he had arhaps it did not categorically answer the rived? In spite of his sworn disciplequestion in the student's mind, but it ship, in spite of his acknowledged remust have answered the cry of his soul. sponsibility, he had come to think of Christ is seeking to be reincarnated in himself as concerned only with the welus. He asks us to become his human fare of a single congregation, while my feet to carry the message, his human work was to preach the Gospel in all hands to minister to his brethren, his the world, and he exprest a perfunchuman voice to tell the old, old story. tory regret that he could not assist me This is the test of discipleship. in it! It was very much as tho some county in England, on being asked to And what is a disciple? Surely, one send troops, should reply to Lord who follows a master and learns of Kitchener: "My dear Sir: Weare very him; ~ne who with listening ear and sorry that we can not help your war." eager heart strives to reproduce that But it isn't Kitchener's war, and if :;0, master's message for the world. That, it is doomed to failure from the start. I take it, is the attitude of us all, for I am speaking to those who are in the It isn't even the war of the men in closest way the sworn disciples of the trencheS'. If it is not England's Jesus Christ, and his interpreters to his war, it is worse than useless. I ask, brethren. therefore, do we realize" as a test of our discipleship, our responsibility for Weare indeed disciples, but wherein the entire enterprise? Let me say that do we find the test of discipleship? Let the criMcal place in the mission field is me mention briefly three things, which not in the mission field, but in the pews for our present l>urpose may constitute of our churches and in the hearts of such a test. our pastors. Our sense of responsi- bility is a real test of our discipleship. I. The first is responsibility. Do we not need to ask ourselves, 2. The second test is brotherhood. again and again,' whether we are really Slow as it has been in permeating the human race, the spirit of brotheI'- "From Men and Missions. Summary of address delivered at the Ministers' Convention in Rocbester, N. Y.

hood is the essence of Christ's religion. forever impossible, and the means Yet how perfunctorily and inadequately thereto is in the Gospel of Jesus Christ. this sense of brotherhood is sometimes Other devices have led only to bitter exprest. I confess to a sense of ex- disappointment. They have told us that asperation at the "good works" of some education would do away with war, and of our Christian congregations. They yet the nation which claims the great- talk about their Master's mission as est enlighte1'lment throws down the tho participation in if were a "work of battle-gage. They told us that com- supererogation," to which a special sort merce would do it; that civilization of reward should be attached. They wDuld dD it; that armaments would do conceive Df themselves as magnani- it. And all these theories 'were ex- mously dispensing spiritual riches tD ploded with the firing of the first gun. benighted and impDverished nations, About great armaments we ought never· and therefDre as entitled to plaudits to have been deceived. We were asked and resDlutions of gratitude. But the to believe that elaborate preparations spirit of brotherhood is the spirit of to commit wholesale murder were the sharing. Weare only decently honest best guaranty against murder I No I if we try to tell our brother of the brethren, there is only one peace in- great riches left for him in our Father's surance; it is in the hearts of men who will. To keep silence, while we our- have found their Christ, and been found selves enjoy the benefits, would be un~ of Him. And that power is strong thinkable for a true brother. 1£ we enough, if we can concentrate and· are to be real disciples we can not be- develop it, to influence the future of come blind allies of grace. We can no the world. This of all times is not the more stop to debate as to whether the yellow, or black or brown brother shall time to limit or intermit the world- hear about his Father's love for him, wide preaching of the Gospel of Peace.

than we can about the white brother. May I press upon you one closing Are we pressing this point of view thought? The tests of discipleship upon our congregations, or are we might easily be multiplied, but they are permitting them to continue, in a sort all alike in that they each present a .of spiritual snobbery to patronize the wonderful opportunity for us to know poor heathen so many times· a year? our Master. We miss our greatest joy and compensation if we have not looked 3. The third test of which I wish to into His heart of love and recognized speak is the "preparation of the Gospel His supreme passion. And what is that of Peace." passion? It is to bring al1 His Father's children home! Jesus would not have Since time began there has been no crossed the street of Jerusalem merely greater responsibility laid upon the am- to discuss theology with Nicodemus, but bassadors of Christ than that which He would come so far as from· the exists to-day. The Church faces her Throne of Glory to the Cross of Cal- greatest opportunity tD show herself vary to help Nicodemus understand Christian. We must, I believe, with all what His Father is like. our heart and strength try' tD create public opinion which shall make war 'Paganism values power as a means of exercising authority; Christianity .values power as a means of rendering service. Nor is this merely an ethical difference. Paganism reveres God because of His power and authority, and is a religion of fear. Christianity reveres· God because of His love and His freely offered service to His children, and is a religion of loyalty and hope.

A Bishop's Adventure In Mexico*

It is frequently very exciting, and sometimes expensive, to be an American bishop in Mexico, as illustrated by the following experience through which Bishop Aves and his family recently passed in GUadalajara, as told in a letter dated Christmas eve.

1.. O1· N December 17th, the beat him with their guns to make him night of Villa's entry tell where his master had his money (which was greeted hidden. They also deprived him of his blanket and shirt. . with great demonstra- I tried to reassure the family by . tions of rejoicing), at saying that they were "soldiers, who about 10 :30" as I was sitting alone reading-the other mem- had mistaken the house." But the light bers of the family having retired-I showed otherwise. They were bare- heard the chain on the front gate legged, wearing only breech-clouts, rattle and went to the door, turned on blankets, sombreros and sandals. When the light in the corridor and asked who the family and servants (and an Indian was there. The reply came "Please boy, who had come from the country come here." I thought it was the to attend our St. Andrew's 'School, and m030 (man-servant) from the next was passing the night with us) were door, where an old American lady was assembled, and the chief had become ill. assured that no other men were pres- I proceeded toward the gate, and ent he ordered his men to point their w):J.en within ten feet I saw some ten guns at my head while he said: or twelve men lined up with their "We must have from you at once rifles and pistols reaching through the ten thousand pesos, or we will take iron pickets of the fence. I was you and your son (Henry) with us "covered." "Soldiers," I thought, until it is paid."

"after some enemy, who have mistaken To this I replied, with a laugh the house." The leader demanded ad- (rather forced, it must have been), "I mISSIOn. I protested that I was an have no money for you. Weare American and had no one in hiding. Americans, as you may see by the "Open or we shoot I" was the answer. flag at the door. You have made a "I will get the key," I said, and mistake."

turned toward the house. "INe shall see," said the chief. "Show "No I No I Stand, or we will shoot. us the rooms. We must have your Call your mozo for the key." m~y. . . . "

I called Fidel, asleep at the rear of During the next naIf hour little the house. The calling awakened the Mary was with me. She played a family. splendid and useful P!lrt-comedy with When the gate was unlocked the a tragic setting. As soon as she joined leader took his position behind me with me I said to her (in English) : his pistol pointed over my right shoul- "We must play for time. Help will der and fifteen men followed to the come."

front door. Eight bandits entered the And we did. No key would readily house. Eight remained in the yard, fit tho they were grunting "Pronto, and a"s many more kept guard outside, prontol" Mary kept up a constant where they put Fidel on his knees and stream of talk (in Spanish). They -From The S{>irit of Missions (February).

demanded that she should show them is a bishop, you know-an American at once the safe (caja de fierre). bishop. See! Here is his cope, and this his chasuble, and this his mitre." "Oh yes, the safe! Come this way!" And she led them into the butler's "No, no, shut the box I We want pantry and showed them the ice-chest. money. Show us the safe 1" How greedily they pounced on it I And how the chunk of ice cooled their "Come this way, Captain." She ardor with its disappointment! tripped ahead into her own room, turned up the light and called out, "No, no, dinero puro I Dinero solo I "This is my room, Captain. Come in." Pronto !" (We filed in-past the safe.) Next she led them into the store- "Don't you think this is a pretty room, with its score of locked closets room, Captain? This is where I keep and drawers, which we proceeded (very my little jewelry. No, Captain, that sl~wly) to unlock. bracelet is not solid gold; but take it for your little girl. You have a little "You see, Captain, here is sugaT girl, Captain ? Yes, that little watch is only. And here is only flour. And gold; take it. YeS', that little watch is here-is-coffee," etc. silver. It will not run-but take it; it may please your little girl. No, there "N0, no, money! Only money!" is not money in that purse, I am sorry ~'Oh, yes I Well, we will now go to -oh, yes, fifty cents! No, the purse this next room." And we all filed is not silver, but your wife might like into the kitchen. it; take it," etc., etc. At this their patience, I felt, was Ilearly broken. Poking me with a The five men helped themselves to pistol in the back of the neck and everything that looked good, even to using some hard words, they followed clothing. Then they took Mary aside, us into Mrs. Aves' room. She had keeping me away with a pistol at my preceded us from another room under head, and with four pistols at her guard, and we found her trying to face and breast whispered to her. I divide equally between her two escorts soon heard her say, $71.00 in U. S. bills. Then Henry came under guard and found for them "No Captain, you shall not take away his Christmas savings of $50.00 in my mother! I am an American; I do Mexican. Then in answer to Mrs. not lie. Captain, have you a mother? Aves' pleadings to give them all I had And would you like to have your I produced from my pocket-book mother carried off? No! My father seventy-five dollars-Mexican. This only and my brother and I will die, die for whetted their greed. her." (You may imagine the despera- I warned Mary to keep them away tion of my helpless rage.) from the safe in which was a little jewelry, several hundred pesos and Just then a low whistle sounded outsome American money. It was kept side and the chief said "Vamonos I" in a clothes press between her room We filed out into the parlor. Mrs. Aves and mine. And she did. After con- was sitting where they had placed her ducting them into the bathroom she led ( with Henry near) and her guard the way to my bedroom. (who had shot himself) standing in. "This, Captain, is my father's room. his pool of blood. With the warning Here (opening bureau drawers) is 110t to leave the house until morning, where he keeps his clothes. (And they stole away. they took nearly all.) And in this big chest he keeps his vestments. He Fidel came in nearly naked and very cold. He said there were twenty-five besides others surrounding the house.

TO KEEP OUT OF DEBT

In a very few minutes, with the help have a little and (here he reached in .of a ladder (the bandits had IDcked his bosDm and drew out a clDth which the gate and taken the key) and the he unknotted, revealing a few small Indain bDY, we had warned the neigh- silver cDins) it is YDurs. And I will bDrs. Our material IDSS, including pray to God my thankS' that YDur lives three gold watches, jewelry, silver- are all spared." Of course I tDok it I ware, clothing and mDney, was not as SD beautiful an act wDuld not be great as it might have been, and YDU marred and so fine a spirit wDunded may be sure we are thankful the affair by a refusal. He had walked from waS' nDt more tragical. home-thirty miles-tD save that money, I must tell YDU .of a pretty little and he walked back feeling richer sequel. When the family was abDut than he came. I, tOD, am richer in to retire the Indian boy said tD me heart, with the feeling that not a few aside: "Now, by dear bishop, you have of these Indians are good and 'true and nD mDre mDney. YDU are pDDr. I' Christlike, and that all can be redeemed.

How to Keep Out of Debt AN IMAGINARY CONVERSATION IN THE BOARD ROOMS· [JTJ HE Traveled Layman entered the office of the Secretary and, began at once. "Suppose, .of course, you're greatly delighted at raising those debts!" "Yes, indeed, it takes a burden .off and makes better work pDssible." "Well, you're going tD plunge right into another debt, aren't you?" "I hope nDt; but of this year's incDme we can't be sure till the books are closed."

"Well, I came in to say that if there is another debt I am going to draw out. This isn't business, and I wDn't stand for it."

"Quite SD. I feel that way myself. In fact, I have SDme prDposals ready tD make to the Board in connectiDn with the next budget that will gD far tD CDrrect matters and make debt unlikely."

"Glad tD hear that. That sounds new and businesslike. But how are YDU going to dD it ? You can't make the people give more than they want tD."

"ND; that is nDt the idea. We must not ask them to give so much. In other wDrds, we must cut down .our budget."

"That's right. Now YDu're getting at it. The budget has been swelled abDve the giving capacity."

"YDU don't believe that, dD you? You mean beyond the willingness tD give."

"We won't quarrel about terms-the result is the same. We are spend- ing mDre than we can get."

"And my prDposal is that, since we must cut dDwn sDmewhere, and we have already pared the missionaries down to the discouraging and distressing point, we simply begin tD retrench by dropping our missiDns in India."

"India! Why, you don't mean the Teluga Mission, the 'Lone Star' field where they baptized 3,000 in a day-where Clough was?"

*From Mtssio…, February. 1915.

"Yes; that is South India." "Well, I can tell you the denomination wouldn't stand that, not for a minute. Why, that is preposterous." "Very well, I'll change the proposition. If you think it wiser, I'll propose that we get out of Japan." "Japan!" in a high voice; "at this time) when we've got to do all we can to keep on friendly terms or find ourselves run out entirely in our trade. Why, of course we can't leave Japan now. We might as well declare war at once, for the missionaries have saved the day for us so far." "That's true; but what can we do? I have no particular choice, and I'll make it China, then." "Are you crazy, man? China! Why, I was there myself and saw how the doors ate all· open to our missionaries, when they are shut to other folks. China is the biggest missionary field in the world to-day, and we ought to have ten tit):les the force we now have there. Don't talk about China, unless you want to take men from somewhere else and put them in there." "That's the way I used to talk, until you and the others like you said so much about running into debt that I saw it was no use, and we must do in- stead of talk. We haven't a mission that isn't undermanned at·present, and we are working our missionaries to death and denying them aid and the tools needed to work with. I have come to see that it is criminal to let things go on in this way, and that we might far better lop off a whole country and put the balance of our work in proper shape, and keep out of debt. So I don't see but it must be one field or another, and you can take your choice." "I won't make any choice. The Baptists wouldn't listen to any of these proposals. Just go up to the Convention with a proposal to drop China and see what would happen." "I know very well; and I know, too, that debate, however impassioned, and resolutions, however strong, will neither raise the money from the chutches nor sustain the missions. It is time the Convention and the denomination faced this matter with something besides resolutions. The Board is helpless; it can not make appropriations out of fine sentiments or even indignant protests. What can you suggest ? We mustn't go into debt, you say, and we mustn't reduce the appropriations-what on earth can we do?" "I hadn't seen the thing in just this light, I confess. Debts won't do, I'm as sure of that as ever, because they wear out the people's patience and get ,on the nerves. But it won't do to talk about cutting off any of our missions either, because the people won't stand that. As a business man, and I hope one of some sense, I can see only onc way out-I rather think we've got to hustle around and raise more money. I'll do my share, Mr. Secretary. And, say, don't put in that proposition just yet. Let's put it up to the Convention, and see if we can't organize a League of Individual Underwriters-five hUQdred or more of our laymen-who will help present this matter in a business way to the churches, and then stand back of the Board and see that there is no debt." "I think that if you could bring that about, the churches would rally to it,' and we could put the extra men in China, and begin to carryon our mission work as tho we realized that it was God's work and the noblest enterprise He has committed to us."

READER, WHAT SAY you? Olf . . . .~.~•. . . . r) i BEST METHODS ', . …'!!/."

CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK OBJECT TALKS AND EXERCISES FOR MISSIONARY RALLIES CHENECTADY has– Dollars for Self and Cents for Christ Three boys were on their way home . been trying some of the from Sunday-school one Sunday. Their S plans outlined in the names were Philip, Thomas, and James. A missionary from Afnca had just been , Best Methods Depart- telling them some wonderful stories about his work in the great Dark Con- ~ ment. One of these was tinent that Livingstone explored. He a May Missionary Rally had been very much in earr.est, for his heart was overflowing with love for the of all the Sunday-schools of Schenec- poor black creatures he was trying to teach about Christ. As he told 0'£ the tady and vicinity modeled after the wretched, degraded men who have no hope, either in this life or the life to Children's Rally at Harrisburg, Pa.'" It come, and of the downtrodden women ao.d helpless little children, the sympawas held under the auspices of the Mis·· thies of the toys had been deeply stirred.. They went away with a solemn feeling sionary Department of the Schenectady in their hearts. He had asked them to help, and they wanted to do it. Ori the County Sunday-school .Association, amI way home they talked of what they could do. was such a success that it is to be held "I always give to missions and every- thing else," said Phil. "I give something regularly in May of each year. every Sunday, don't you?" "No," said Tom, "but I give five or The program consisted of stories and ten cents when I think I can spare it- when I have a good deal of money and missionary hymns sung from memory don't want it for something special." "I give whatever father and mother by ·the children. It was printed in full give me for it," said Jim. "Sometimes it's more and sometimes it's less." in The Empire State Sunday-school "I always give my own money," .said Phil. "1 don't think it's any giving at Leader in July, and the title of one story all unless you do that." "That's the best way, I'm sure," said ("Dollars for, Self and Cents for Tom, soberly. "They say it's regular giving that counts, don't they?" Christ") made such an impression that "It means that what you give is just S'O much out of what you would like to requests for it have come from such dis- tant points as Nova Scotia and Texas.

As it appeared in The Indian Witness more than thirty years ago, and is now inaccesslble, we reprint it here, with some changes to bring it up to date.

The Best Methods Editor, who told it at the Rally, has used it many times.

To make it more effective, the items of expenditure should be written in a little account book, which the children will examine with eager interest at the close. As given here, it is a story for boys; but by changing the names and the expense items it can be made equal- ly effective for girls or young women.

The story should be told, not read.

·See'REVIEW for February, 1914. spend on yourself, doesn't it?" asked "Oh, stop, Uncle George; that isn't it 1 Jim, thoughtiully. That's when I was at Grandfather's, last summer, and I promised mother I would "Yes," said Phil, feeling very self- put down every cent I spent. She gave . denying and virtuous, "it does." me $5.00 for expenses, and wanted me to treat the boys." "I believe I'll try your ,way," said Tom. "And I'll keep an account, and see how But Uncle George did not seem to hear much it amounts to." and went on: The missionary had suggested that the August 8th: Baseball cap, 50 cents. Sunday-school children form little 5'0- August 10th: Chewing gum, 5 cents; cara- cieties to study and pray about missions mels, 20 cents.. and raise money. So the next afternoon August 12th: Shoe m~nded, 40 cents. several boys came to Phil's house to talk August 13th: Bananas, 25 cents. it all over. They decided to organize a August 14th; Missions, 5 cents; church, society, and Phil brought down his ac- 3 cents– count-book to take the names. [The story-teller here produces a small ac- "Please, Uncle, let me have it." count-book and lays it on the table.] A preamble in which there occurred many August 15th; Strawberry sundaes (for high-sounding words setting forth their the boys), 50 cents. resolves and intentions was composed and written in the book, and underneath August 16th:' Necktie, 25 cents. the boys sigped their names as charter- August 17th: Doughnuts, 15 cents. members of the society. That evening Augttst 18th: Ice cream soda, 10 cents. Phil's Uncle George came in after tea August 19th; Popcorn,S cents. and found the account-book lying on the August 20th; l'1eanuts, 10 cents; phos- table. phate, 5 cents; marbles, 5 cents. August 21st: Church, 2 cents; Sunday- "What's this, Phil?" he asked, pick- school, 1 cent. ing it up and turning the pages [the August 22nd: Jack knife, 50 cents. story-teller does likewise]. "I'm glad you don't forget your benev- "That's my account-book, Uncle. I olences, Phil," said his uncle giving up brought it down this afternoon to take the book at last with a suspicion of a the names of the boys and draw up reso- smile. lutions for cur missionary society." Phil was covered with shame and con- "May I read it? It isn't a secret so- fusion. He had not thought much ciety, is it?" about his expenditures, tho he had kept his promise to his mother to keep an ac- "Oh, no. You may read it.. I am count of the money with which she kept simply trying to work up the idea of him so liberally supplied. Now, in look- liberal giving to missions among the ing over the hasty entries [story-teller boys." looks over the pages], he was astonished.

"A most excellent idea," said his uncle, "Well, well!" he exclaimed, as he add-· trying to conceal his aqlUsement at Phil's ed up the items. "Most of it for my- rather pompous tone. "Let me see." self: $4.25 for eating and play and 17 [Story-teller reads from the account- cents given away. And I bragging to book.] the boys about giving regularly and sys- tematically I" August Srd; Ice cream soda, 10 cents; ball game, 25 cents; peanuts, 25 cents. Phil was a conscientious boy, and he could not help thinking how much this August 4th; Baseball bat, 35 cents. money would have done for missions. If August 6th; Candy, 15 cents. his mother had aimed to teach him a August 7th: Church, 4 cents; Sunday- lesson through his account-book, she had school, 2 cents–

DEPARTMENT OF BEST METHODS

succeeded. Presently he got up and journed to the lawn, where an exercise stood before the glass. was given by eleven children-ten girls "Now, my young man," he said, shaking his fist at the boyish face he saw representing the ten republics of South there [the story-teller does likewise], "this must stop. You know very well America and one boy representing the that a quarter for peanuts looks as small as a pin's head, and a quarter for giving Indians. The children were grouped at looks as big as a cart-wheel! It's gQt to stop, sir I This book isn't going to show the head of the map in a little clump any more accounts of dollars for self and cents for the Lord Jesus Christ." of trees, and came forward one at a time to take their places on the country they represented, and give some infor- . •.. I matlOn concernmg It..

The girls were drest in white, and each carried something typical of the LAWN MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA AT UNION COLLEGE, SCHENECTADY, N. Y.

A LAWN MAP AT UNION COllEGE country. Each had also a broad band across the breast, cut .from inexpensive Another plan tried at Schenectady last cream-colored cambric, with the name of year was an exercise with a grass map the country stenciled in black. These similar to those made at Birmingham were held in place by two knots of col- ored crepe paper, one fastened on the * and Rushden, England. right shoulder, the other belo.w the waist on the left side. The colors used were It was done at a porch meeting on the principal ones in the flags of the South America, held last August by the different republics. Woman's Missionary Society of Union Presbyterian Church. at the residence of It was a pretty and profitable exercise the president, Mrs. "Varren C. Taylor, and the map, which did not wash away on Union College Campus. On the lawn for many weeks, attracted a great deal Professor Taylor had outlined in mar- of attention. Many stopt to. examine ble-dust, applied with a funnel, a great it-postmen, delivery boys, and workmap of South America, measuring about men as well as chance visitors. 24 to 30 feet. At the close of the' program on the porch the company ad- So far as known this is the first time a grass map has been used at a mission- ·Described in Tm: REVIBW in May, 1914.

ary meeting in America. It proved a large country we need a great many planweII worth importing. For' an in- more. Will you not send themr'

door meeting the same idea could be Bolivia [a smaner girl holding some- ousredt~pthee map being outlined with string thing made of silver]-"I am Bolivia. on a large rug or' marked in I live next door to Brazil (looking up with chalk on the bare floor. The ex- at her) and feel very small by her side.

ercise used was as follows: r, too, supply you with precious metals and rubber. But more precious still are The Ten Republics of South A.nerica* the many souls who live in my bounds Argentine [holding a toy she~p]-"I without Christ. Argentina and Brazil am Argentine. I keep you supplied with are more fortunate than 1. I have to sheep, wheat, hides, frozen meat and be mostfy content with flying visits from sugar for the table. I am rather flat missionaries and colporteurs from the and uninteresting compared with the Bible Society. They bring us Gospels other republics (waves her hands to- and Bibles, but fe~ of my people know ward them), but I have an inJeresting how to read. We need missionaries so city called Buenos Aires, where people badly. But they would have to travel of all nations and languages are living. .on horseS' and mules, for there are no There are a few missionaries at work nice roads for bicycles and motor cars.

and many boys and girls in that city, are My country is very hilly for the wonder- being taught about the Good Shepherd, ful Andine Mountains run through me."

but we need many more. You owe a Chili [holding a piece of nitrate of debt of gratitude to me. Will you not soda or a jar of salsoda]-"I am Chili.

do something for my people in return? But my climate is not chilly I I am all Souls are more preciOtts than sheep and squeezed up by the side of Argentina the Bread of Life than wheat that and they tease me about being 'two perisheth." thousand miles long and two inches Brazil [a large girl with a bag of 'wide.' I was looked upon as' a barren coffee]-"I am Brazil, the biggest re- country until some clever person dis- public in South America. If I opened covered that I am full of nitrates. I my mouth wide enough I could swallow have coal, too, and petroleum. So, tho the whole United States and still have I am long and narrow, I am very rich- room for more I And. the greater part ,richest of all in precious souls who of me is unexplored. If it were not for need the message o,{ the Cross."

me you would all go short of coffee for Colombia [holding a piece of raw breakfast. And think of me every time rubber or something made of ru1;>ber]- you crack a Brazil nut! I also supply "My name is Colombia. I,.' too, grow you with bananas and oranges and rubber in my territory. I wish I could rubber for your bicycle'and motor tires. grow missionaries ! We need them so I f my rubber trees could speak they very badly here. I am not so very small would tell you stories of cruelty by and I can't see why I am so neglected.

wicked white men that would make you The South American Missionary So- ·weep. I am also full of hidden treasure ciety has one good missionary here and such as gold and diamonds. In the cities there are a few sent by the American and towns my people speak Portuguese, Presbyterian Church. But we need but it is not difficult to learn. We have many, many more; Please send them about 200 missionaries. But in such a soon."

· 'Condensed and adapted from a complete pro· Ecuador [rather a small girl holding g,-am on South America, coml1lled hY' Katha'ine A. a Panama hat]-"l am Ecuador. I am Hodge and published by the Evangelical Union of sandwi,ched between CoIom1;>iit and Peru ·South Arnerict,· 8 and 9 Essex Street, Strand, Loridon, W.C., England. Price 3 pence.

OF BEST

and am rather small compared with tains of difficulty in the way of giving my sisters. Cocoa and ivory nuts the Gospel to me, but only obey the abound in me, and raw rubber. I am Lord and Light shall come to my very hot, for the equator runs through people."

me. But missionaries can come to me Venezuela [holding a cocoanutJ-"I without fear of sunstroke, for I can am Venezuela. My condition is much keep any number of them supplied with the same as my sister republics–neg- Panama hats I My people need the lected and forgotten. The beautiful Gospel, so send us missionaries and Orinoco flows through me. South do not mind the heat." America is full of rivers, the mighty Paraguay [holding a Mate cup and Amazon, the River Platte. But the tube or a small bowl and a glass tube] River of Salvation-where is' it? Alas, 1-"1 am Paraguay. Nobody hears it is not here, for there are no chan- much about me, but I am very inter- nels. Will you not send missionaries esting nevertheless. I supply the con- to be channels through which the River tinent with Mate, the native tea. We of God may flow to us?"

do not drink it out of cups and The Indian [holding a bow and saucers as you do, but draw it through arrow]-"I represent the Indians.

a bombi11a or tube. A few mission- There are hundres of tribes in the aries have been working among my interior. You will find us in every people for years, and there are bright republic-in the rubber forest, on the rays of light where they have been. banks of the Amazon, on the Andine But we need so many, many more." Mountains, in the Land of Fire at Peru [holding. a nugget of gold, or the foot of the continent. The great something that looks like itJ-"1 am Darwin thought one tribe of our dusky Peru. I am sure you must know brothers was the 'missing link,' but he something about me, for my history is afterward acknowledged his mistake.

so thrilling and romantic; Prescott's We, too, have souls that Jesus died to 'Conquest of Peru' is more exciting save. Hundreds of us have never than any English novel you can read. heard the Gospel, and no one can Let me tell you something my sister speak our many tongues. Some of us republics have not told you. We have are civilized, but most of us are wild an enemy. Can you guess her name? and savage. The great enemy of the It is Rome and she has worked tiS republics (waves his hands toward lots of harm. But we need not fear them) is our enemy too. Rome has her any longer, her power is broken. taken everything from us–our liberty, We have had a few missionaries but our homes, our children. What has now you have a great opportunity to she given us in return? Oppression send us many more. They will receive and slavery. We must toil on the a great welcome." farms and work in the mines. The Uruguay [a very small girl with a rubber-gatherers hunt for us as they model of a cow]-"I am Uruguay. I hunt for wild beastS'. Unless we bring am so small I am afraid you will not in enough rubber, we are .beaten, notice me at all. But you have heard starved, tortured, and then killed or of my port, Monte Video. It means, left to die in the forest. Our blood 'I see a mountain.' South America is cries to you from the riversides, the full of mountains, and Jesus said, 'If plains and the forests. Hundreds of.

thou shalt say to this mountain, be thou us pass away yearly into Christless removed and cast into the midst of the' graves. Is it nothing to you?"

sea, it shall be done.' There are moun- At the close the ten republics and

the Indian unite in singing "Rescue The talk to be given with the dolls ·the Perishing," or some other appro- is as follows: priate hymn. "I am going to tell you a story to- TEN LITTLE INDIANS· day about a boy named Jack, whose An Object Talk on Giving —-_ …

F or this exercise ten home – made Indian'

dolls and a mite-box, – – – – – …. ,, with a penny inside, will be necessary. To I tI make the dolls, take ten pennies with Indian I heads on them (if bright ones can not be :IJI~I~~~. had, scour some old ones) and glue them to strips of cardboard three – eighths of an inch wide and two inches long. (See fig- father gave him ten little Indians to ure 1.) These will do what he pleased with. Perhaps form the heads and necks of the Indians. you would like to see them. Here they For the bodies use clothespins-the are (open the box or basket containing patent kind with springs. Insert the cardboard strips in these with the penny and about a quarter of an inch of the cardboard protruding. The springs will hold them in position.

To make the dresses cut ten rect- angles, four inches by six, from brown wrapping paper and fold them through the middle crosswise. With the fold at the top draw on each the outline shown in figure 2. With the sheets still double cut on the dotted lines and make slashes to represent fringes, three-quarters of an inch deep for the sleeves and one inch for the bottom of the skirt. Slip the dresses over the heads of the dolls and tie in around the waist with red ribbon. To make the dolls stand up, glue the clothes-pins to circles of heavy cardboard one and a half inches in diameter. (See figure 3)· 'This little talk, given by the Best Methods the dolls and stand them on a table editor at Union Presbyterian Church last year on where all can see them). Can you see' Children's Day, is especially appropriate for this year when so many are studying about the North their faces? Each little Indian is on American Indians. The seed-thought came from a Iit.tle poem in "Missionary Gems for Juniors. H – B. M. B.

OF BEST METHODS

a copper cent! (If one little Indian is The eighth little Indian he traded off held close to the children they will for marbles (remove number 8). Then quickly discover the penny-head&). there were two. The marbles were fine ones, but they all ran away-rolled Jack was delighted to have so many down the register where no one could Indians to do just what he pleased get them.. with. He decided at once to make them buy things for him. So he took With the ninth little Indian Jack one into a store and exchanged him for bought a popcorn-ball (remove number a penny top (throw one Indian down 9). Then there was one. But the into a box or basket out of sight). popcorn went so fast, Jack wondered Then there were nine. It was great where he'd put it. fun spinning the top. But one day Jack lost the peg and the fun had to The tenth little Indian, the very last stop. of all, Jack put in his mite-box and there he kept it close (remove number He took the second little Indian to 10 and produce a mite-box with a a candy-shop and handed him over the penny inside). Jack could hear him counter for a lolly-pop (remove Indian dancing (shake the mite-box) and number 2). Then there were eight. making merry all alone. Then Jack The lolly-pop was good, very good began to wish he had the other nine indeed, but before Jack knew it was that he had spent. all eaten up. That is what Jack did with his The third little Indian he traded off little Indians. Do you think he was for jack-stones (remove number 3). a wise boy? The nine that he spent Then there were seven. The jack- for eating and playing did not do him stones were fine fun, but there was a very much good, did they? They are hole in Jack's pocket and one day he all gone and the things he bought with found them all mis·sing. them are gone too. What has he left? Just the one he gave to God. That is The fourth little Indian he invested always the way. The only things we in a penny whistle (remove number 4). really keep are the things we give Then there were six. The whistle away. They are laid up as treasure in made a jolly noise. But he blew it heaven, and when we go to God we in school one day. You know what will find them again. happened-the teacher took it away! That is one lesson the little Indians The fifth little Indian rolled down a can teach us. But there is another. crack (remove number 5). Then there Suppose we put them all up on the were five. Jack had been fooling with table again, those Jack used for him: this little Indian, tossing heads and self all together, the one he gave to tails. Suddenly, to Jack's dismay, the God by itself (put the Indians back little fellow ran away. on the table as suggested). How many did Jack spend on himself? Nine. With the sixth little Indian Jack How many did he give to God? One. bought a big fat doughnut (remove Look at those nine standing all tonumber 6). Then there were four. gether and then look at that poor lonely The doughnut was delicious, but it was one. It does not seem as tho he ha'd gone in half a minute. given a very large proportion, does it? Yet he gave one out of ten, and that The seventh little Indian went into is what God asks us to give. But a slot-machine to get a piece of gum many Christians think it entirely too (remove number 7). Then there were much. three. Jack chewed and chewed and chewed, but at last got tired and threw the gum away.

When anyone gives a tenth, we call "Of such is the kingdom of heaven," it tithing. I wish that now, while you Our Lord Jesus' Christ has said; are children, you would make it the rule of your life to tithe all you get. He wants not only the white ones, When anyone gives you ten cents, But the black, the brown and the red. first of all (not last of all, like Jack) put aside one penny for God. Then My story is first of our Northland, God will bless you. How do I know? Alaska's great mountains and vales, He says so in the Bible. Listen (take tip a Bible and read from it Malachi Where children are waiting in darkness 3 :10)-HBring ye all the tithes into the For the Light that never fails. storehouse, that there may be meat in my house, and prove me now herewith, Even tho you have never heard it, saith the Lord of hosts, if I will not There are little white people out West open you the windows of heaven and pour you out a blessing that there shall Who have never heard of our Jesus, not be room enough to receive it." And how in Him we are blest.

UNCLE SAM'S LITTLE CHILDREN Many little folks live in the mountains-:- Mountaineers, they are called, I am told; This little exercise, reprinted from They need all the help we can give them, The Sunday School Times (January They are out of the great Shepherd's 24, 1903), was' prepared by Amy Brain fold. Taylor, to show the scope of Home Missions.* In giving it select twelve I n the great big State of Utah, children and have each one learn one And some of the other States too, of the following verses. Stretch a wire across the platform and cut the There are thousands of Mormon children twelve initial letters from cardboard, That should learn to love Jesus like you. the colors rotating red, white and blue. At the top of each letter put a hook Such great, great numbers of foreigners to hang it by. Give the letters to the Have come to our land from abroad; children, and as they recite their verses let the reader hang the letters on the Neither they nor their little children wire ,so that when the exercise is com- Have heard very much about God. pleted the words, "Home Missions" will appear. Still others that live in our country Are the Indian children so strong;. Have you ever heard of the children That uncle Sam can claim, They are waiting to hear about Jesus, They have waited already too long, And how we are trying to'.tell them The story of Jesus' name? In the seas to the south of the homeland, Porto Rico and Cuba both lie; *The work in the Hawaiian Islands is largely under the care of the Hawaiian Evangelical Asso- There are thousands of little dark children, ciation, a local organization with headquarters at "Oh, send us the Gospel I" they cry. Honolulu, and the work in the Philippines is under the carE: of the Foreign Boards, and comes under Of all Uncle Sam's little people, the head of Foreign Missions. None more need the story that saves Than the bJack boys and' girls of the Southland, The children of those who were slaves.

Now down by the Mexican border, But still in the country we love, Are hundreds of Mexican children, Who know little of Jesus above.

So you see there are many to work for, And many to pray for as well.

We children must help to send workers The story of Jesus to tell, 'This war is irresistibly leading to the conclusion that the only civilization that will meet the requirements of this ,century and of the generations to follow is that which receives its sanction and guaranty from a Christian world federation for universal good order and protection.-lames L. Barton, D.D.

OF THE PROTESTANT FOREIGN MISSIONAR'f' SOCIETIES OF ENGLAND, IRELAND, SCOTLAND AND WALES

(Copyright, 1915, by the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD:) STATISTICS GATHERED BY REV. S. B. ROHOLD, F.R.G.S., TORONTO, CAN.

A number of the smaller societies have failed to answer our enquiries; others have rendered only partial reports. These statistics are, however, the most complete obtainable.-EDITOR.

FOREIGN MISSIONARIES NATIVE WORKERS NUMBER OF BAPTISMS PHYSICIANS NAME OF ORGANIZATION Foreign Countries in which Missions are Sustained (Abhreviated) .." and Number of Missions ·o~5 England $608,800 $51,008 168 17 3 150 109 456 57 807 864 1,320 78 1,113 571 25,170 2,250 427 17,793 21 525 968 16,876 26 29 104,331 Belgian and Portuguese Kongo, India, Ceylon, China, Jamaica, Eumpe.

Baptist Miss. Society (incl. Zenanna Mission) …. 1792 130,000 235 198 126 565 565 175 741 1,275 71,500 Belgian Kon!!"o, West Indies, Argentina, etc., India, China, Spain, Malaysia, Angola, Christian Missions in Many Lands …………… 1836 3,447 243,563 'Propagation Society (S. P. G.) ……………. 1701 N. RhodeSIa. Church Missionary Society………………… 1799 15 India, China, Japan, Malaysia, Africa, W. Indies, etc., Ceylon, Mauritius, China, South American Missionary Society ………..•• 1844 1,035,619 220,000 490 24 28 271 822 253 3,041 3,294 4,116 543 544 936 88,875 159,574 6,797 15,709 31,433 3,200 14 22 20 Japan Amertca. 'Jerusalem and the East. . • . . . . . . . • . . • . . . . . . • . . .. 1888 386 16,289 Universities Mission ….••………•…..•..•.. 1861 2,444,295 14,525 1 403 65 21 58 373 420 1,340 454 9,871 10,325 11,665 569 4,936 121,110 274,069 55,212 17,225 15,593 55,212 I 1,987 94,822 109 2,893 54 1,327,466 Africa, Egypt and Sudan, Palestine, Arabia, India. Zenana Missionary Society (Ch. of Eng.) ……. 1880 76,622 19 22 Friends Foreign Mission Association ..•……… 1868 25,082 18 4 35 i 98 16 16 114 16 24 12 4 Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentine, Chili. Friends Pemba Industrial Mission. . . . . . . . . • . . . .. 1896 'Primitive Methodist. ……………………. " 1842 41,495 20,865 18 2 2 7' H 43 44 78 9 10 Palestine, Syria, Egypt, British E. Africa, Portuguese E. Africa. 'United Methodist ………………………… 1857 Wesleyan Methodist Miss. Society… . . . . . . . . . . .. 1813 244,394 51 29 71 153 24 625 649 802 29 402 14,190 10,321 19,822 1,371 8,275 4 200 On most stations. Nyassaland, German E. Africa, Zanzibar, Rhodesia. Presbyterian Church of England ….•……..•.. 1847 British and Foreign Bible Society …………… 1804 21 "British Syrian Mission ………………….. · 1860 China Inland Mission …………… ··········· 1865 300,730 .. ··1 18 •••• I 291 309 1,158 1,158 1,467 65 12 24 42 412,255 India, China, Ceylon and Singapore. Egypt General Mission ………….. ·······.··· 1897 'English Council, Y. M. C. A………………… 1890 145,203 15,552 3: 31 2 34 26 i 103 1,233 1,233 1,336 25 66 197 4,128 17,931 :1:300 233 10,008 17 1,618 i 116 5,581 tll •••• 21,480 India, Madagascar, China. 'Indian Christian Literature Society ……….•… 1858 'Kinku and Central Indian Hill Miss …………. 1890 1 ! 10 8 8 18 3 2 34 194 . . . . . . 1' 3 37 1! East Africa. Lebanon Hospital for Insane ………….. · … ·· 1900 London Missionary Society………………… 1795 10,901 5,368 2 …… North Africa Mission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ····· ….. 1881 'Regions Beyond Miss. Union ……………….. 1899 10,000 29 20 18 i 68 50 57 125 21 55 I 2,800 500 200 60 3,000 2 20 1,000 Western, Southern and Central China. Salvation Army ………………..••………. 1865 15,531 1 26 South Africa General Mission …………….. ,. 1889 54,045 I 10 304 5 1 325 129 3,598 55,000 China, Eastern and Western Africa, China, W. Indies, South and Central America. Sudan United Mission ……………….. ··· .. · 1904 22 6 6 35 5 59 29 629 658 717 346 236 1 387 16,688 603 109 10,411 136 6,531 Zenanna Bible and Med. Mission …….•..••. ··. 1852 74,973 i 15 Livingstone College………………. ···· …. · 1893 107,270 West Africa, South Africa, India, Ceylon, Burma. Y. M. C. A. (British) …………………….. 1891 847,600 1,202,805 358 18 : 122 813 359 3,969 4,328 5,141 302 1,400 1,700 133,680 181,196 6,372 2,085 118,330 24 4,414 27 5,840 10 184,782 China, Formosa, Japan, Bengal, Sweden and Denmark. Medical Missionary Ass'n ….••••…………… 1878 British and Foreign Sailors' Society…………. 1818 179,985 30,500 30 161, 4 36 127 52 457 509 636 15 334 149 12,900 9,402 30,000 639 918 49 3,000 10 384 199 4,607 i 15 The Strict Baptist Mission ..•….•.•……… ··· 1861 17 Nile Mission Press.••…….•…………•….. 1905 32 20 1,830 1,850 1,882 All countries excepting U. S. A., Norway. Moravian Missions …….•••.•.•..•• •·····•···· 1732 866,035 511,200 Syria.

30,992 7,513 20 20 87 87 107 8 27 23 801 2 119 40 3,339 2 227 1,006 322 7,712 475,271 12,569 U408 20 4 326 342, 1,100 17 2,555 2,572 3,672 721 30,710 :1:4,546 9 68 55,035 China, Japan. 6 7 350 19,339 4,773 8 4 21 35 33 33 68 8 39 205 3 ' 15,385 Egypt. 18,169 I 2 13 8' 21 ····1····1i 21 2 Egypt, British East Africa, India, Burma, Malaysia, China, Palestine. 197 104 60,202 2 1i 6 •••• i .~~~ I 17 1,630 27 898 •••• ! India. 12 2 6,572 India. 191 1! 1,172 46 Syria. 12,369 3,938 8 7 'i 8' 23 21 22 45 27 2,248 8 , 175 102 550 20 10 435 18 80 10 6,500 12,470 •••• i 3' 12 12 15 20 55 …. I 1,132,420 271,526 9 179 i 82 471 852 6,628 7,480 7,951 80,889 31p,882 1,900 86,071 2,230 102,827 50 315,899 Africa, Madagascar, West Indies, South Seas, Papua, China, India. 43,532 5,464 11 4 90,000 164 33 4 18 3: 75,700 13 25 39 65 12 12 77 100 80 North Africa. 65,552 11 69 2,113 549 13,993 I 82 2,000 9 49 60 60 109 10 188 3,150 9i Central Africa (Kongo), India, Portuguese East Africa. 54 3,186 22 •.•. 1 4' 35,120 South Africa, Dutch Indies, India and Ceylon.

51 947 955 6,149 6,149 7,104 1,059 30,958 231 •••• I 15 24 77 104, 104 181 20 Figures not availa ble. 11 20 I South Africa, South Central Africa, Portuguese East Africa.

13 Western Africa.

3 19 10 50 50 …. I 55,845 6 83 ····1 89 314 314 403 2 357 6 112,474 India.

108,250 Interdenominational Medical School, London.

10,000 ….

9 9 3 12 8 India, Malaya, British East Africa, Palestine.

17,500 Supports Medical Missionaries under various societies.

10,000 18 289 289 289 112 Work among sailors in many ports.

216,915 3 18,000 1,500 3 13 100 100 113 4 20 3 20 24 2,000 24 India.

7,700 4 39 39 43 Egypt.

9,608 ~ 2 … [ German East Africa, etc., Labrador, Alaska, West Indies, South Africa. All British Colonies. 129,397 155,566 142 2 44 166 12 367 48 2,122 2,170 2,537 156 187 35,238 61,274 5,238 660 3,793 1,535 189 25,375 9 256 440 36,198 Colonial Missionary Society……………….. 1836 27,910 6 230 200 120 557 557 180 500 "' ….. . About forty countries. Open Brethren ……………….. ······· …. · 141,435 Missionary Leaves Ass'n …………………… 1868 §162 162 162 Prints Tracts and papers. 10,538 Distributes Christian Literature.

Religious Tract Society……………………. 1799 97,905 Assists :Missions in the Levant. 20,000 Nyassaland. Bible Lands Missions Aid Society …. ' ………. 1854 16,965 101 >:~~~ I:::~ 8 Zambesi Industrial Mission ••.•…•…………. 1892 Argentine, Brazil, Peru. Evangelical Union of S. America. '.' .,'. '.' ….. , .. 1911 24,861 16 13 i 29 29 8 93 1,579 1,579 390 1,122 101 3,000 51 London Society for Promotmg Chrlsttamty Among 5,846 190 the Jews (L. J. S.) ……………. ··• …… · 1809 402,519 British Society for the Propagation of the Gospel 70,000 1 3,500 2 24 21 62 16 16 78 19 10 6,536 Among the Jews ………….• ··············· 1842 248,617 1 23 11 64 42 "165 305 .. ··11 305 38 120 18 2,729! 2 ttJ,428 Holland, Morocco, Roumania, Russia, Syria, Austria, Ahyssinia, England, Egypt, Barbican Mission to the Jews ……………. ··· 1819 35,865 ' i Germany. Hebrew Christian Testimony to Israel. ……….. 1893 :8 I;8 10 :~: 5 ' 34 ' 34 14 :::: 1 60 57,815 . . . . 'I I Seventeen Other English Societies ………….. . 3 15,376 England, Austria, Germany, Russia, Turkey. , Total ……….. ··························· . I …… i London. I Scotland 20,920 ·• .. 1 I I : : ! . . . . . . Church of Scotland For. Miss. Com………….. 1824 I …… I … . England, Germany, Hungary, Russia. Edinburgh Medical M. S…………………… 1841 'John F. Paton Fund ………….. ·········· … 1892 1 :· …. , ::: '. 4 …. I …. 1 1 •• .. 1 45 2,759 I … . Mission to Lepers in India and the East. ……… 1874 United Free Church …………….. · ………• 1900 20,000 I' 78 i 84 i 113 I 69 _._.._. I~ i__4 1[ 50 8 3,227 69,337 17,753 '29 6 10 37 5 591 ……

7 ',6 [[ 236 lOll !~ 1 …. …. 15 1 448,479142,966 36,122 109,044 1 8,309 2,462 [ 117,497 8,382 448,3281 246 281 2,793,100 $10,375,751 $2,707,414 2,416 1,901 12,227 i 9,392 1 2,180. 42,712 44,892 54,284 4,373114,553 6,286 569,945 695,938 26,926 39,203 1 i' 'I I II I I 31: 10 I 3 1,539 1,4341 4,548 233 6 2,013 4491 20,751 8 …. 1 131,826 India (6), Africa (2), China (1) 151,860 40,750! 19 40 15 118 211 1,149! 1,170 1.288, 28 8,494 4 I 29,890 ! …. / 'I! 7,790 I ••• 20 i 1 2 21 16,568 Syria, Palestine 2,019 115,567 i Melanesia. 41· . . . 2 4 10 I 10 1 10 2i In all foreign lands where leprosy is found. 16,000 …….. I 5 I 31 …. , 2 5 5 20 …. : 200 200 220 I 5! 38 45 551,000 West Indies, Arabia and Lebanon, India, China, Africa, New Hebrides. 142,340 45,170 i Reported under the missions to which missiona! ies employed belong. 1 86 4,346 613 48 839,592 600,935 223 1,358 120 I 44! 181 69 1661 133 550 70 1 4,6371 4,707 5,091 223 59,858 67,719 P,994 13 2,514 Continuation Com. of World's Miss. Conf…….. 1910 14,125 ".'" ; I ;l;I ;I " " " " ;;;I ' 180 202 11 453 10 1,152 2 3 27,276 Hungary and Turkey. Jewish Com. of U. F. Ch. of Scotland (Women's) 1841 40,280 22,180 13 1 . . . . ' 6 •.. ·1 28 19 19 ~ i_ _ 14 1,114 1 2 Jewish Miss. Ass'n) ……….•…………. ,I 1894 1,256,267 "''''' '"'1M " "'" ,,,,,, 2,190 9 Five Other Societies …………. ·············· ~ m I '" '.'" '.m '.'" '.'" 223 68,532 66,331 72,065 10,146 1,482 4,548 259 64,924 20 4,531 2,481 138,584 51 52 726,670 Total ……………. ······················ .

Ireland 184,570 23,950 341 5 –8' –7 ,32[ 23 :1 109 21 687 708 817 1 26 207 31 8,174 10,884 2,876 805 584 2,626 297 8,459 457 245 10,452 12 17 132,573 China (2), Hamburg (1), Damascus (I), Spain (I), India (3).

Presbyterian Church in Ireland …………….. , 1840 I51 …. I Presbyterian Church in Ireland Jewish Mission .. . 27,565 . . . . . . .. ! 4 I •••. 4I 59 2 3 200 6 543 391 Hamburg and Damascus.

Qua Iboe Mission (Q. I. M.) ……………….. 1887 19,810 15,385 I 1 13 I 4 I, 2 19 6 162 168 187 6 154 13 2,850 15,143 577 5,143 160 13,450 2 48 155 12,176 4 6 1 10,000 West Africa. Hibernian Bible Society ………………….. , 1806 12,185 244,130 , 1 I ____IPuhlishes Bibles for missionary purposes. Total ………………. ·.······ •……••••• -m 1—-z71 .. " …. I .. .. .. .. 1 •••• 1 …. 20 20 . ." I 20 39,335 —;s –5 8 7J 40 –2-5 869 896 1,024 34 361 44 11,024 10,884 18,019 1,382 584 7,769 460 22,109 9 505 406 23,171 17 23 142,964 =====: ===== ==== ======- ====== ====== ===== ======= Wales . 1 • 1 I …… 2 171 Welsh Calvinistic Methodist. ………………. 1840 86,023 12,900 19 3. …. . .. '1I 19 1 26 639 665 723 15 397 32,871 20,844 4,090 1,280 1,986 482 24,494 6 1,013 549 13,757 Assam, India, Brittany. 1,857 200 29,448 385 17 : 58 –i= ==i==1 West Indies "'.'" 1=== =~1~= ~i_·_·_ I~ =1==1==1= 90 128 lIO 43,000 266,478 :1:8,523 1 Jamaica Home and Foreign Miss. Society . . . . . . . . 1861 193 27,784 …. 1 90 387 .. 2,749 TOTALS FOR BRITISH SOCIETIES (1914). $12,111,446 $3,474,719 I 2,456 2,5051 2,732110,871 2,344 50,284152,628 63,274 a4,862 16,401 7,060 724,472 793,997 809,131 64,297140,174 123,218 9,710 543,494 2,498 123,931 12,011 651,624 317 373 3,662,734 TOTALS FOR 1912 ……………… , ….. . 9,889,012 $2,550,015 7,153 15,646 3,252 597,826 890,9051947,453 38,396 [ 34,4671 95,841 6,092 332,424 2,049 97,855 418 2,453 223 I 9813,20711,9461 2,496, 10,423 . 2,257 45,529)47,786 58,209 10,312 650,675 I 300 I I i I II II *Last year's statistics. UOrdained and laymen. "Including 109 school staff. §Including 120 children. iAdults and children. tHospitals and dispensaries. ttln·patients only. a Incomplete returns.

I DI

THE REVIEW AND THE BOARDS As a link connecting the Mission SOME five years ago the Foreign Boards represented in the Conference Missions· Conference of North with the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE America appointed a Committee to con- WORLD, it would seem very desirable sider the advisability of establishing a that some Committee should be con- new interdenominational mlsslOnary tinued. This Committee acting as an magazine. After considering all sides intermediary would serve the Magazine of the question this committee, of which in keeping the channels of information ~ev. Stanley White, D.D., is Chairman, open, and could serve the Boards in recommended to the Conference in 1914 conveying to the Magazine any sugges- that they be continued in order that tions which they might make. It would they might "cooperate, as far as seems also bring the Magazine before" the practical and best, in the plans and de- Annual Conference, and, in "a sense,"

velopment of the MISSIONARY REVIEW "enable it to act as the organ of the OF THE WORLD." This action recog- Conference. Therefore, your com- nized the service that the REVIEW has mittee would offer the following reso- rendered and is rendering to the mis- lutions to be sent to the Business Com- sionary cause and exprest a readiness mittee for consideration: to cooperate in a brotherly. way without (1) That the Committee as now organized obligation to either party. An Editorial be discontinued.

Council had already been selected by (2) That a Committee of five be appointed, the REvlEW, composed of representa- as far as possible from those who tives of various Home and Foreign could be accessible to the office of Boards and Interdenominational socie- THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE ties. This council has met quarterly WORLD, whose duty it should be to and has tendered efficient service-as serve as a medium of communication improvements in the REVIEW indicate. between THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF The Missionary Magazine Committee THE WORLD and the Boards. That the members of this Committee should be has also made valuable suggestions, and members of the Editorial Council of has brought the REVIEW into closer THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE touch with the work of the various WORLD. Boards and the constituencies that they represent. (3) That this Committee should also, as Now a further step toward coopera- far as occasion may arise, represent" tion has been taken. The Mllgazine Committee of the Foreign Missions the Conference in any further devel- Boards presented their report at the recent annual Conference in Garden opments for more effective magazine literature. – (4) That the Conference express its ap- preciation of the service which THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD City and, after reviewing the work of has rendered and is rendering to -the the past year, offered the following missionary cause.

. resolutions.; which were most heartily The Committee has been duly ap- . adopted by a rising vote. pointed to consist of Dr. Stanley

White, of the Presbyterian Board a spiritual power to advance the cause of Foreign Missions, Dr. ·F. P. Haggard, of Christ. They serve without re- of the American Baptist Foreign Mission muneration, but not without sacrifice. Society, Dr. Hugh L. Burleson, of the We covet also the prayers of each of Domestic and Foreign Missionary So- our wide circle of readers. What ciety of the Protestant Episcopal might not the REVIEW accomplish if, Church, and Dr. George Heber Jones, in addition to its present assets, there Editorial Secretary of the Methodist were an endowment to set it free from Episcopal Board. These friends have financial limitations. been cordially welcomed as members of the Editorial Council of the REVIEW. BRITISH MISSIONARY STATISTICS Another step toward efficient co- T HERE is unusual interest in the sta- operation was taken when the Home tistics of the Protestant Missionary Missions Council, at its annual meet- Societies of the British Isles published in ing, January 13th, invited the editor to the accompanying table, prepared by Rev. address the conference and as a result S. B. Rohold of Toronto, with the cooper- appointed a subcommittee of the com- ation of the British secretaries. Th~se mittee on promotion to represent them statistics give the figures for 63 English with the REVIEW. Those named are societies, 12 Scotch organizations, 4 Mr. ]. Ernest McAfee, of the Presby- Irish, I Welsh, and I West Indian. They terian Board of Home Missions, Mr. show a total home income of $12,lil,- W. T. Demarest, of the Reformed 456. This, as compared with $9,889,000 Church in America, and Rev. H. F. reported for the year 1912, and $10,200,- Swartz, of the Congregational Home 000 reported by the Missionary Press Bu- Missionary Society. These have also reau of Great Britain for 1913. In 1904- , been invited to join the Editorial Coun- ten years ago-there was reported a home cil of the REVIEW, in order that they income of only $7,625,000. There has may help to keep before our readers the apparently been a steady increase in the needs and progress of the work in British gifts. North America. The total number of British mission- The editorial policy and basic prin- aries supported last year was 10,871, an ciples of the REVIEW remain unchanged, increase of 450 over two years ago, and but it is our hope that we may more 3,000 more than in 1904. ,The native adequately than ever present the needs workers have also increased in two years of the world for salvation through by about 5,000, and are 1,500 more than ] esus Christ our Lord, and the pro- ten years ago. This shows a healthy gress of His Gospel and Kingdom in growth to the work, and, as with the all lands. The World is our field- Continental societies, calls attention to God's field; all lands and peoples that some of the great problems introduced know not Christ claim our prayers, by the present war. The work of 100,- onr efforts and our sacrifices; the work 000 Christian workers receives a setback. of all agencies presenting Christ as Who can estimate the loss to the King- the divine Savior and Lord finds in dom of God by the recall or non~support the REVIEW a friend and advocate. of this large band of workers? There are reported 724,000 communicants con- The Editorial Council, which meets nected with the British mission fie1ds- next on March 4th, is now composed an increase of about 125,000 over two of. twenty leading men and women re- years ago, and more than 300,000 ov~r presenting United States, Canada and the number reported in 1904. The adults Great Britain. They are a praying added last year on confession of faith company, who seek to make the REVIEW

I9I SJ

numbered 64,297, nearly double those re- factorily established. Certain it is that ceived two years ago. God alone is capable of judging all the claims. Every Christian sorrows be- The largest of all the British mission cause of the hatred engendered and the societies is, of course, the Church Mis- suffering entailed; all interested in the sionary Society, which has an income of progress of the Kingdom of God see the two and a half million dollars, and a great damage done and the hindrances communicant membership of 121,000 thrown in the way of missionary work. (one-sixth of the total reported by Brit- All pray that the cause of God and huish societies). The Society for the Pro- manity may speedily triumph, as they pagation of the Gospel has an income of must ultimately prevail. one million dollars and a native member~ ship of nearly 89,000. The Wesleyan Exception has been taken by some Methodist Society stands next, with a Christian friends to the articles on the home income of $847,000, and a commu- war and its effect on German and British nicant membership of 133,000. The pe- missions. Each side seems to claim that culiar feature of this society is that they the other should not be given a hearing. report an income from the field of $1,- Irrespective of the justice of the respec- 202,000, which is larger by one third tive causes, it is only fair to allow .the than their income at home. Two years other side to state his case. Germans ago they reported a little over $1,000,000 have contended that they had no such from the field. The London Missionary opportunity in America and England. At Society has a home income of $1,132,000, our request both a German and a British and a communicant membership of 80,000 writer, of whose desire to manifest a Christians. Christian spirit there can be no doubt, were asked to write freely their view of It is sad to note the large number of the war and its relation to missionary these mission fields which are now dis- work of his own country. These papers turbed by the world war. In addition to were printed without comment and withthe inconvenience and suffering caused out either criticism or endorsement; they by the financial stringency and the in- speak for themselves. "The fire will try ability of missionaries to return to the every man's-and every nation's-wor-k, field or to take their needed furloughs, of what sort it is." Also each one shall there is a state of warfare in many of "stand before the judgment seat of the fieldS' such as Africa, Angola, Kongo, Christ." the Kamerun country, South Africa, German East Africa, British Central Af- A SUFFICIENT SAVIOR rica, and all of the Turkish possessions. The British missionaries have been re- ONE of the questions raised by the called from Falestine, and those who re- war between nominally Christian main are hampered in their work in Asia nations is: Has Christianity proved in- Minor, Constantinople, Arabia, and Per- sufficient to meet the needs and .test of sia. .such a crisis? Intelligent Christians and even many educated non-Christians know In our April number we plan to pub- that it is not Christianity that has failed, lish a table of the American missionary but men have failed to follow Christ's statistics, gathered by the Home Base ideals and teachings. Still, some who are Committee of the Foreign Missions Con- earnest enquirers after truth are perference. plexed or disgusted or dismayed, while others, who are weak in the faith,ques- BRITISH AND GERMAN CLAIMS tion the power of the Gospel to tnns- form mankind. A Japanese Christian in THE truth about the charges and Korea recently said to the Rev. Frederick . counter-charges that have arisen out of the present war may never be satis-

S. Curtis ;s'Surely a greater Savior than less, when men and women have be- Christ must yet be born into the world, come careless and selfish, and material- one who can not only teach peace and istic, the shock of war and the suffer- truth and love, but who can prevent such ing involved may act like a chastening an outrageous war as that which is now rod. Already the war has sobered men devastating Europe." in America and Europe, and the final What reply shall we give? Can it be result of the conflict may be a sanctified true that Christianity is doomed to fail Church and a purified State. Sir Wil- _ of the realization of Christ's ideals even liam Robertson Nicoll stated what, in among those who profess to believe in his opinion, are some of the uses of them? The answer given by Mr. Curtis war, in a recent address at a meeting solves the riddle. "Christ and the sal- for intercession; vation offered by Him i.r sufficient for all (I) War develops the spirit of sacri- who will accept and follow Him, but it is fice. It emphasizes the things that true that a greater day is yet to dawn, count and indicates how easy it is to not in the coming of another Savior, but forget common mercies.

in the return of Jesus Christ Himself to (2) War teaches the nobility of reign in greater power and glory. Then courage, a virtue which the ancients His Kingdom will truly come and will considered to be the root of all other extend throughout t)1e whole earth. Then virtues.

all mankind will crown Him Lord of All. (3) War inculcates the power and "Every knee shall bow . . . and every comfort of prayer; many soldiers in the , tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord army realizing this for the first time.

to the glory of God the Father." (Philip- (4) War inspires the hope that soon pians 2 ;10, II, and 3 :20, 2I.) all war will end. There must always be "THE MAILED HAND AND THE conflicts until despotism is dethroned; it is, therefore, essential to look for- I NAILED HAND" ward to that time when God will usher N which power do you most pro- in permanent peace through Jesus Christ. foundly believe-physical force or sacrificial service? ' Which is your idea ACCEPTABLE SERVICE of a "Holy War"-that of the Moslem Present your bodies a living sacrifice, armies or the Christian missionary? Is holy, acceptable unto God, which is your ideal the mighty monarcli of the your reasonable service.-Rom. 12. I. mailed fist or the Christ pouring out Among the hundred words which His life blood for mankind on Calvary? stand most' prominent in the Bible this Is your program of sacrifice one repre- word, Service, is very conspicuous, and sented by that of others, or your own more so is the conception it represents. living sacrifice for others? The hand Here is the ultimate end toward which mailed with steel may win battles, but all else properly tends-the true goal of it will never win the world. The salvation and sanctification. No man hand nailed to the Cross may seem to lives to himself. He is saved that he ,betoken defeat, but it is the hand of the may be sanctified-conformed to the im- Lifted-up One-who will draw all men age of God's dear Son; but even such unto Himself. conformity reaches its highest result in helping others to a like destiny, and so BLESSINGS OF WAR all culminates in glory to God. How THE curse of murder, lust and hatred plain it is that those who are content to is so manifest in war that the be saved from ruin themselves, and do benefits of such conflict seem to be nothing to rescue others, are "blind insignificant In comparison. Neverthe- and can not see afar off."-A. T. P.

WODLD-W1DE

MISSI' ADY NEWS AMERICA-NORTH and religious institutions. The two largest bequests were half a million The Statiatics of Last Year dollars each to the Teachers' College of Columbia University and the Na- THE foreign mission statistics of the tional Board of the Young Women's United States and Canada for the Christian Associations of the United calendar> year 1914 were announced at States. Other large bequests include the annual meeting of the foreign mis- $200,000 to the Young Women's Chrission conference in Garden City, Long tian Association of the City of New Island, January 14th. These statistics York; $25,000 to the State Charities were compiled under the direction of Aid Association; $25,000 to the Young Fred P. Haggard, D.D., chairman of Men's Christian Association of New the Home Base Committee of the con- York; $25,000 to the Travelers' Aid ference, and form a part of the report Society; $50,000 to the American Colof that committee to the conference on lege for Girls at Constantinople, Turthe outstanding features of the work key; $25,000 to the Northern Presbyof cultivating the home constituency on terian Board of Foreign Missions, and behalf of foreign missions. The total the same amount to the Northern income of American foreign mission Presbyterian Board of Home Missions. boards for recent years was: Trust funds of $15,000 each ultimately will go to the Working Girls' Vacation 1914 .•$17,168,611 1907 •• $ 9,548,633 Fund, Teachers' College of Columbia 1913.• 16,043,631 University, and the Presbyterian Board 1906.. 8,980,448 of Home Missions. Twenty-five thou- 1912 .• 17,317,366 1905.. 8,120,725 sand dollars were left to the World's 1911.. 12,290,005 1904. • 7,807,992 Student Christian Federation for the benefit of the women's department of 1910.• 11,908,671 1903.. 6,964,976 the organization. 1909.. 11,317,405 1902.. 6,727,903 Good Work of the Gideon. 1908.• 10,061,433 1901. • 6,228,173 T HE Gideons, the well-known aggres- Other interesting facts are revealed as sive order of Christian commercial travelers, have carried their campaign follows: $4,243,967 were contributed by for supplying hotel rooms with Bibles to a point where 160,000 rooms in high natives to the work being conducted by grade hotels have now been "Bibleized." They ,are increasing this number at American missionaries; there are 9,969 the rate of 5,000 rooms per month. In addition, many thousands of rooms have missionaries enrolled by the several been supplied through other agencies imitating the Gideons or by' proprietors organizations; 159,286 persons were who have taken the idea from them. The most extraordinary testimonies baptized during the year as compared with 121,8u the year before; 9,946 churches' are reported, a gain of 510; there are 606 colleges, theological semi- naries and training-schools and 12,969 other schools with a total attendance of 547,730. (See also page 163.) MLaree Giving for World.Betterment ISS GRACE HOADLEY DODGE, the Christian philanthropist who died recently in 'New York, left nearly a .million and a half dollars to public

come to the Gideon leaders of the good their own tale, and the conclusion is that their Bibles have accomplished. inevitable.. One man converted by this means has since been instrumental in the con- T A Tuakegee Prize WiDner version of fifty-five Italian laborers, HE first prize of $500 for the best thirty-five of whom he has brought essay on the subject, "What we into connection with the Church he Have Learned About Rum," was himself joined after becoming a Chris- awarded by Everybody's Magazine last tian.-The Continent. September to Isaac Fisher, a negro student at Tuskegee. He had some: lncreaeed Baptist Equipment 9,000 competitors. The incident is sig- nificant and encouraging from several SOUTHERN Baptists are celebrating points of view: That a popular mag·· . the Judson Centennial by raising azine should engage in this helpful $1,250,000 for foreign missions. This temperance education; that such a large money is not to be kept for endow- number of articles should have been ment, but is to be spent entirely upon contributed; that the arguments against equipment, $250,000 of it is to be used drink should be so decisive; and that a for general equipment, such as church representative of the negro race, so buildings, hospitals and missionaries' sadly afflicted with intemperance, should homes; $200,000 for publication houses have won the prize.-Congregationalisf. for the circulation of Bibles and Christian liter~ture; $800,000 for schools of Bible Station at Panama all grades, from the kindergarten to the college and theological seminary. THE American Bible Society is The $1,250,000 was apportioned to dif- making plans to have a Bible-disferent States, and the campaign began tributing station built on the Panama with enthusiasm. The sum of $800,000 Canal. Colonel Goethals has planned a had been secured in cash and pledges place for the Bible station at Balboa, by Christmas. The whole amount will at the Pacific end of the canal, and the be raised beyond doubt. This is an American Bible Society will distribule achievement worth while, especially in Bibles in 127 languages. Every sailer a year in which the chief crop of the who passes through the canal will· be South has failed of a market.-Watch- given a Bible free. man-Examiller. New Bishop of Cuba DR. Products of the Saloon SLEYSTER, of Wisconsin, who T HE first service in consecration of as the superintendent of an asylum a bishop to take place in the Cathfor the criminalIy insane has treated edral of St. John the Divine in New 1,800 patients, states in Everybody's York City occurred in January, when Magazine that from investigating the Archdeacon H. R. Hulse was made facts concerning 590 of the 1,800 men- bishop of the missionary district of tioned above he had discovered that Cuba. Bishop Guerry, of South Caro- 36.8 per cent. were the sons of drunken lina, preached the sermon, and said in fathers; 40.4 per cent. were addicted to conclusion: "Your aim should not be the use of alcohol before the age of to make the Cubans Anglo-Saxon or fifteen; 52.5 per cent. habitually drank American Christians, but to strive to to excess; 64.9 per cent. spent their build up within the people under your evenings in saloons, at cheap shows, care a type of Christianity which will or on the streets; and only 9.6 per cent. meet the needs and fulfil the aspirawere abstainers. These figures tell tions of the Cubans themselves, so that if the time should ever come when we can aid in establishing in that Island hnd throughout the great republics of

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

Spanish America national and independ- sionaries and contributes $600,000 a ent churches, our Church's mission in Cuba may be but a step toward the year. Scandinavia has 700 missionrealization of that larger Federation of aries, the amount contributed is not the churches of Latin America which known. All the Continental societies under the Providence of God may in combined maintain about 2,500 missiontime become an accomplished fact."- aries and spend about $4,000,000 a year The Churchman. for their support. It will be easy to see what serious hardships the labor- I Reform. Needed in Haiti ers will be likely to be called upon to N Haiti prisoners are not fed, and endure as the war continues. are entirely dependent on the generosity of their friends while they are in M A Host Readinc the Bible jail. Women and children from the ORE than 10,000 soldiers on Saliscountry bring food to their husbands bury Plain alone have joilled the. and fathers who are thus confined. Pocket Testament League, agreeing to This is the case with all classes of carry a Testament with them and read prisoners in Haiti. If.a prisoner has a chapter daily. This is the outward no friends, he is, indeed, in a sad plight. and visible sign of what seems to be Sometimes he goes begging in charge a genuine revival, which is the outof the jailer. come of a short mission led by Mr. Charles M. Alexander. The rush to Under some or the more progressive join the League and obtain the handpresidents, the practise of the cruel some little khaki-bound Testaments has rites connected with the voodoo wor- been extraordinary. The behavior of ship has been forbidden and supprest, the troops in many of the tents has altho there is no doubt that they con- completely ch:j,nged. "When I came tinue to be practised in secret in the here, the tent was a hell upon earth," mountain recesses. Now, however, says one soldier. "Language was so there seems to be absolutely no re- dreadful and behavior so wretched straint in the practise of these de- that we could not get to sleep. When grading ceremonies; in fact, under one some of them came in we got up out or two of the recent presidents they of their way. Everyone has joined have been carried on in the palace itself. the Pocket Testament League, and now there are hymns and Bible readings." EUROPE Help Offered to English Societies The Effect on Minion. THE Episcopal Board of' Missions THE maintaining of their church has called the denomination to work at home is likely to be a larger service in the interest of worlddifficult matter among Christians in the wide missions during the war, and has nations at war. Still more will it ca1l especially suggested that some of the for self-sacrificing liberality to sustain missionary obligations of the English the mission work abroad. We read that Church societies for next year should Great Britain has 10,000 missionaries on be assumed. Certain dioceses haverethe foreign field and contributes $10,- sponded promptly to the' suggestion, 000,000 a year for their support. Ger- but the English societies have not as many has 1,200 missionaries and con- yet found any need for accepting the tributes about $2,600,000 a year. France proferred aid. has 120 missionaries and contributes about $150,000 a year. Holland has English churchmen are responsible, 130 missionaries and contributes $216,- through several missionary societies, 000 a year. Swit1:erland has 450 mis- for the administration of eleven ~s-

sionary dioceses in India, five in Japan, ror the battlefield equipped with Testa- seven in China, three others in Asia, ments and religious tracts. Further- twenty-two in Africa, twenty-three in more, the entire French popUlation Australia, seven in New Zealand and seems to be. feeling the need of a re- Melanesia, two in the Pacific ocean, vival in religion. Only recentI'y a ten in the Vest Indies and Central and South America, and in addition, French editor, heretofore an atheist 01 for the Jerusalem and Egyptian bishop- ri<;s with their work, and some con- the first rank, sent out a plea to his siderable aid to portions of the work people urging them to seek God. in Canada. The Canadian Church also maintains one diocese each in China Refugee Students in Europe and Japan. Some few of the dioceses in Australia and South Africa are T HE war has thrust upon the Chris- self-supporting and some aid to the tian Student movements in several adjacent missionary work is given by European countries grave problems and both of these; but the immediate re- great opportunities in the presence of sponsibilities of English churchmen in- large bodies of refugee students. In volve a budget of several million the London colleges alone there are at dollars annually.-Living Church. least two hundred Continental students, Belgians, Russians, and Russian and Spiritual Result. of the War Polish Jews, who had been studying in the Belgian universities. They are DDRING these dark days in Europe, lonely and very poor, and the British men's hearts are turning to God Student Movement is seeking funds, as never before. Dr. E. S. Count, and a man to work among them. Many superintendent of the Methodist mis- Dutch speaking and other Belgian stu- sion in Bulgaria, for example, writes: dents are in Holland this year, and the Dutch government has generously ar- "In times of peace and prosperity ranged for them to be quartered in one the people had but little regard for place, so that they may carryon their spiritual things. But trouble has caused studies under their own professors. them to feel more dependent upon the Almighty. Our Methodist congrega- Hundreds of foreign students from tions have been larger than ever before Eastern Europe have been in Switzer- in the history of the mission. Never land since the beginning of the war, has there been such success in our cut off from home and friends. The Bulgaria work as there is at this very World's Student Christian Federation, in hour. Revival services are being held conjunction with the University authori- in practically all the churches, and some ties, have been supplying these students of the very finest types of conversion in the Swiss cities with cheap meals. are taking place." Similar work is' being undertaken in Paris by the French Women's Students' In nearly all the messages which come Christian Association. In all these to Baptist headquarters here from countries the workers report that the France, in spite of the pictures of foreign students have never been so suffering, there is a note of faith and open to religious impression as they are fine optimism. The majority of the at this time. Baptist laymen, as well as the pastors, are in the army, but the religious meet- French Protestant Minion Work ings are well attended, both Protestant and Catholic giving eager heed to the MORE than eighty years ago, the . message. The soldiers are attending in Protestant churches of France, good numbers and many are leaving awakening from a period of spiritual lethargy, felt called upon to take some share in the evangelization of the

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

heathen world. The outcome was the the books for fear that they would formation of the Paris Missionary So- steal them I Nominally Romanists, ciety, which commenced work in 1833, these students openly declare themby s'ending out three missionaries to selves atheists. The most Catholic of Basutoland. The society now supports nations has produced the most irremissions in the French colonies (Sene- ligious and godless students of Europe gal, Tahiti, Kongo, Madagascar, Mare In this atmosphere of unbelief and low and New Caledonia) and in British moral ideals the Y. M. C. A. has South Africa (Basutoland and Barotsi- started a Student Association. It has land). Basutoland has now a popu- less than fifty members, but these arc, lation of about 450,000 natives, of Mr. Babcock says, "as attractive a whom about I I per cent. are profes- body of young men as I have ever sing Christians, their spiritual' needs met. Most of them are Protestants." being ministered to largely by the Paris Society, the church-members MOSLEM LANDS numbering over 21,000. Conspicuotts success has attended the work of the A Wealthy Armenian Evangelist missionaries, and a strong native church, which already has a large BARON TARAYANTZ, a Baku measure of self-government, is being Armenian business man of wealth, built up. The native pastors number is giving his whole time to the work more than the European missionaries, of evangelization and is meeting with the figures being respectively nineteen great success among Russians and' and sixteen, and these are aided by a Armenians. Last year he held a rebody of 222 native evangelists and 473 markable three-weeks' series of meetnative teachers. The work done by ings in Teheran, Persia. "The effect the native helpers is largely self-sup- of his mission," says a reporter, "was porting, the church-members contribu- truly wonderful, and brought to light ting ever £4,000 annually, while the the deep stratum of age-old Chris:" educational work is almost entirely tianity in the Armenian heart, even supported by Government grants. the most callous and most worldly. When one considers that perhaps the The Case of Spanish Students bulk of these nominal Christians' had never before in their lives heard the MR. G. ]. BABCOCK, writing in the Scriptures preached, one is profoundly Student Warld on Spanish stu- grateful for the impression made' on dent life, describes the standards of the hearts of so many." honesty as painfully low in university circles. The professors owe their po- A Miuionaries and Mullah. sitions largely to political inflence, and MOSLEM friend told a Church take their work with so little serious- Missionary Society miSsionary in nes:; as to be almost invariably from Mesopotamia a very interesting story' fifteen to forty minutes late at classes. the other day. It was that 'his brother No rolls are kept. All students pass had been visiting Nejef-an old city the examinations, as it would injure a of Shiah Moslems, not very far from professor's reputation if they did not. Baghdad, from which a number of When attending a course of lectures patients come to the Church Missionat Madrid, Mr. Babcock asked what ary Society Hospital-and was one day use was made 'of the departmental conversing with some of the mullahs library, where he observed students about the English miSSIOnaries in w'ere never seen. The answer came Baghdad. The mullahs admitted that that students did not have access to they were undoubtedly" very good folk, who served mankind by good works in

the hospital and taught the people about the soldiers and hastened to head- God, while the mullahs themselves quarters, altho it was the busy s.eason were sinners, and did not serve man- of the .year and the animals were kind by good works. Nevertheless, in needed for the life of' the people, to the Day of Judgment, God would take complete the threshing of the grain the good works of the missionaries and its transportation to market."

and put them to· the credit of the ! From Mardin the report comes: Moslem mullahs, and He would take "Everything is in confusion, trade is the sins of the mullahs and put them utterly paralyzed, travel is impossible, upon the Christian missionaries. transportation is stopt, schools are Germany Converted to Islam? stript of their teachers, money has ceased to circulate, drafts can not be SOME curious details of the methods cashed, grain remains unthreshed and employed by Germans to impress unwinnowed for lack of animals and the Turkish army and win over public men to do the work; the labor market opinion in Syria are supplied by a mis- is closed, and hunger in the midst of sionary of the Evangelical and Medical plenty is already looking in at the Mission to Israel, and quoted in the door of thousands of homes whence newspapers. two, three, four and in so~e cases five To celebrate an alleged victory over of the bread-winners have been sum- the Russians in Transcaucasia a Turko- moned to the ranks. Our help is in German fete was recently organized at the Lord and in America."

Haifa, one of the principal features INDIA being a great possession in honor of Mohammed and the German Emperor. India and the Gospel For the benefit of the Arabs, some T HE religious situation was forcibly of whom appear to have accepted the described in The Call, issued in story readily enough, it has been dis- connection with the recent Day of covered that the Kaiser is a lineal Prayer for India. It was shown that, descendant of the Prophet's sister and while the deeper movements among the that he has undertaken to go on a educated classes and the student compilgrimage to Mecca when the war is munity give encouragement, vast multiover. That the German nation as a tudes of the people are little affected, whole has been converted to Islam is if at all, by the ·new forces at work, generally believed by the less educated and remain sunken in indifference, members of the native community. worldliness and superstition. The Call proceeded: L Mobilization in Turkey "The present crisis has led to a wise ETTERS from missionaries in and searching examination into mis- Turkey give graphic accounts of sionary' method and organization.

the hardships incident to mobilization. Changes are imminent, retrenchments One writes: "Not even in the great imperative. It may be that thus the war with Russia a generation ago Indian Church is to come more rapidly were so many men called to the colors than anticipated into her own posses- as are now drawn away from all pro- sion of authority, and her own work ductive occupations to camps in the of self-propagation. There is need that variolls localities. All men, Christians the ability and devotion of her mem- as well as Moslems, from' the ages of bers may be given more fully to India's 24 to 45 were called for at once, regeneration, and the number of her Wherever any horses or mules or voluntary workers largely increased."

camels were seen they were seized by In such circumstances the people of

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Bod have a continuing reason for Still, a Christian map of India to-day prayer in regard to India. would be a bewildering, piebald thing, showing much cross-coloring. In re- An Outcast, One of God's Noblemen cent years, however, there has grown up, especially in South India, a strong PRESIDENT JANVIER, of Ewing movement in the direction of ,closer College, Allahabad, writes of his approach and a better common undermeeting with Labbu Mal, who some standing. The Indian Christians themfifteen years ago was not only an selves have shown special and inignorant idolater, but an outcast, who creasing zeal in this matter, with the was brought to Christ in the United result that, after careful and unhurried Presbyterian mission in the Panjab, deliberations, several denominations and has been a mighty power in Sial- have come together, and now form kot in recent years. the South India United Church. A common confession of faith has been "Three things especially imprest me. adopted, and a fairly comprehensive There was nothing cringing or ob- and elastic Church organization has sequious in his bearing. He was cour- been agreed upon~" teous and deferential, but wholly selfpossest and manly. There was a fine A Ruler of Promise dignity about him, which showed that the spirit of Christ had made him free THE Maharaja Holkar of Indore not only from the law of sin and bids fair to become a ruler of death, but from that of hereditary ser- whom India may well be proud. He is vility and degradation. He imprest me twenty-four years of age, having atas one of God's noblemen. Then the tained to full sovereignty in his State language he used was not that of the three years ago. At the end of his first average preacher, but that of a thinker year Lord Hardinge visited the State, who had thought God's thoughts, and and on the occasion of a banquet in who was full of God's word. his honor the young ruler made a speech in which he said: "Ii is no" And once again I was imprest by the twelve months since I was investeu way that he went straight to the one with ruling powers; during this time I message which meets the need of sin- have devoted myself to getting a grasp ful men everywhere-the message of of the details of administration, and the cross of the Lord Jesus. I felt .have only been able to make a beginthat if the U. P. Church had never ning with a few important reforms, accomplished anything else in. India which, God willing, should produce than to find and call and equip Labbu beneficent results in time." The regu- Mal, the work would have been worth lation of the age of marriage for girls, while."-Tlw Continent. education, and the opening of public libraries in all the important centers; Agitation for Church Union the improvement of the capital of the State with a view to the prevention of A DEVELOPMENT full of import- plague, and also looking to increasing ance and well worth watching is the beauty and comfort of the city; taking place in India. The matter is the foundations of municipal governwell put for us as follows: "Christian ment under the guidance of British work in India was started, of course, officers, and experiments in the introin different sections of the country by duction of silk culture; these are the representatives of different Christian reforms desired by the Maharaja. The bodies. It was the only way at first, young ruler has fitted himself by study tho it has had to be progressively modified through the years by the good sense and good will of all concerned.

and travel for his difficult post-difficult SIAM if successfully filled.-Indian Witness. Bible Circulation in Siam Giving Two Thousand a Chance EV. ROBERT IRWIN writes from REV. C. H. BANDY writes from Fateh- R Bangkok: "The work of this garh: "We had a boarding-school agency during 1913 was carried on with such vigor and energy that all previous for Christian boys and one for Chris- records of distribution were greatly tian girls, and in nearly all the large exceeded. The net circulation for the centers we had a day school for Chris- year was 135,206 volumes, which makes tian children, but, in spite of all this, an actual increase of 36,650. The total there were yet 2,000 boys and girls of circulation since the establishment of school age who were not getting their the agency in 1890 amounts to 1,021,- chance. That is to say, there were 889. Mr. Irwin was assisted by thirty- 2,000 healthy, wide-awake Christia~ two persons in the work of distribuboys and girls living in small, out-of- tion, and the records show that 10,400 the-way villages, who, unless greater days were spent in the work, 700 vileffort were made to reach them, would lages were visited, and the distance never learn to read and write. This traveled was 20,000 miles. Mr. Irwin condition of things had grown up himself traveled 3,271 miles by steamer, around us so gradually, that we had railway, canoe, motor car, buggy, bulfailed to be imprest by it as we should, lock-cart, and horseback. Mrs. Irwin, till we returned from America last who has the distinction of being the fall. As a first step we set before our- only lady physician in Siam, accoms'eNes the task of creating within one panied her husband on a tour' of three year 500 readers o{ the New Testa- months, to the north, during which she ment. We began what we caIl the spent 31 days in the saddle, covered a "contract" system. Suffice it to say distance of 1,147 miles, and aided him that it is teaching boys and girls to greatly. by her medical work and general read by the job. We pay the teacher assistance. Her travel was without no salary, but pay for results. Four cost to the society. Most of the Scripannas, or eight cents, for teaching the tures circulated during the year were letters to the pupil. One anna, or two in the Siamese and Laos langJIages, cents, for teaching each lesson to the but many copies of God's Word were twentieth, and three pice, or one cent distributed in fifteen or twenty other and a half for each subsequent lesson languages." to the end of the book. At these rates, it costs $I.75 to take a boy. or girl Donation from Leper. from the raw, on to where they can read the Bible and hymn book for ONE of the most encouraging inthemselves. The scheme has worked stances of the year was a gift of wonderfully well. At this date, we have 172 boys and girls, none of whom the lepers at Chiengmai to the work of knew their letters in December, and the American Bible Society. Early in who now are reading the New Testa- the year they contributed 3,300 portions men1, and passing examination on what of the Scriptures for general distrithey have read each month. Besides bution, and later SeiJ.t two cash contrithese, we have an equal number who butions, amounting to over twenty-five are at the point of graduating' into rupees as their Christmas gift to the the New Testament. We examine these Society. The names of these wonderpupils each month ourselves. The ful Christians'-the lepers of Chiengmai motor car has made that possible. -should be written on the roll of princely givers, for their gifts repre- sent real sacrifice, and are striking

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evidence of their gratitude for the had made. Bordering the' sides' of the benefits of the Gospel of Christ. Their front were 3I silver stars overlaid own letter, dated February 9th, reads with gold. Engraved in Chinese charas follows: "We, the elders and mem- acters each one bore the name of one bers of the leper church of Chiengmai, of the 3I churches of this field, which disciples of the Lord Jesus, with one this veteran toiler had brought into mind and heart, have great gladriesS' in being and nourished into strength. sending our small offering to the American Bible Society. And we beg that Wanted: A Thousand Chineae T eachera . qUI' .gift of twenty-five rupees ($8.09) may be graciously received by you and To show what an opportunity there used for the distribution of the Holy is for educated Christian Chinese, Scriptures. To have a share in this Prof. Paul Monroe, of Columbia Unigood work will give us. very great versity Teachers College, said on rehappiness. (Signed) Elders Peang, turning from his visit to China that in Toon, Gnok." one province the Chinese Commissioner of Education exprest his willingness to CHINA employ a thousand Christian Chinese as teachers if he could only find them. A Sack Full of Idol. Our mission schools ought to be fur- nishing them. – But where are our MRS. McCLINTOCK, writes from schools that can do it? Nodoa: "Pastor Tang baptized over 50 adults this summer. Our new Two Candidate. for the Church chapel in' the Mandarin district proves fair to be a success. One of our col- MISS DELIA LEAVENS, of Tungporteurs came into the compound with chou, China, writes in a recent an old gunning sack full of idols. He letter: "Changes are coming, however, had not' only the idolS', but the bowls far more quickly than we dare to hope. which had held the ashes of their an- Only yesterday I was helping the Bible cestors, also, the shell with which the women examine. two candidates for adpriest had called the spirits, and some mission to the church. One was a of the false money which the heathen middle aged woman, who little more offer. to their ancestors and idols. The than a year ago was burning incense. Chinese worship deities whom they can to the kitchen god, but who has been deceive. No wonder they themselves much influenced by the teaching she deceive each other,and are deceived, has received,· and is trying her best to and ·live in an atmosphere of deceit all live a better life. One of the things the time. Another c6lporteur was walk- they said of her was that she has ing around our mission grounds with cleaned' up both herself and her house a lot of men following· him, and told to quite a marked degree since hearing me very eagerly that these were people the doctrine,. and that" she has ceased from the district where our chapel is." to use bad language to her neighbors. She is doing what she can, but she is DR.Fittin. Honor. to a Mi..ionary a lifetime behind the other candi~ate, J. E. WALKER, a missionar~ of not half her age. This was one of our the American Board, has recently school girls', who shows the effects of seven years of study. Not so very returned to the United States for a much education, it is true, and neither furlough, after a service of 42 years, culture nor edu~ation back of her,· yet mostly in the city of Shaowu. As he she seemed to me miles ahead of the was leaving, a pastor of one of the older woman, and I realized, as I have station-churches made him a present of not before, what our girls' schools will a white satin vest, which he himself mean to the next generation."

JAPAN-KOREA In the HOkkaidothe evangelistic meet- ings arranged for the autumn were put "TA Christian Message from America off, "on account of the war and other AKING stock" of the results of kindred reasons," but the Rev. W. P. missionary effort in Japan, the Buncombe, of Tokyo, writes: Rev. J. Waller (of the Missionary So- "It was thought at first that the out- break of war, in which Japan also was ciety of the Canadian Church), of involved, would have put a stop to the Nagano, in the diocese of Mid-Japan. plans of the three years' evangelistic writes: "Japan has become rapidly campaign, but, thank God, that has not Christian at heart, tho not yet in name. been the case, and the plans are being It is true that some other influences carried out with even more earnestthan that of the missionary have con- ness owing to the seriousness of tributed to the advance in Japan. the times. In Tokyo the great cam- Foreign literature and intercourse have paign itself is bdng planned for the in some degree assisted. But some, in spring of next year, but special work America and Europe, lay far too much as a commence~ent and preparation stress on the Christian and civilizing has been arranged for this autumn and effect of these non-missionary agencies. is now being carried out. The plan was Indeed, Japan would almost certainly prepared by a committee and presented have been far more Christian to-day at a large gathering of the pastors and had she known foreign lands onlv members of the church committees. through the missionary. For each Estimating that there were one hundred Christian book that the Japanese people, churches' and mission halls in this great as a whole, read, they take in at least city, they proposed that special evanten anti-Christian ones. Almost all gelistic meetings should be held in each foreign sailors, merchants, and travelers place for two nights, Saturday and who go to Japan are regarded by the Sunday, which sho1.!ld be well prepared Japanese as Christians, but many of for, and carefully followed up afterthem show little trace of Christ's spirit ward. It was decided to reach the and teaching, and are a stumbling-block whole city thus in the three autumn to the Japanese who studies Chris- months, by taking eight of the churches tianity. The Japanese who has dished in turn on the Saturdays and Sunldays, up to him every morning. the American so that every church and mission hall and European record of crime and dis- would have its turn within the thirteen honesty is apt to look askance at the weeks. The object to be kept in view Christian messenger who asks him to in these meetings was that of enadopt the religion which is supposed to deavoring to bring as many as possible reach its climax in places which his to a definite decision." newspaper portrays. as morally much worse than, Japan. So if the entire What Japanese Think of the War moral advance has not been, under God, due to the missionary, he may pROFESSOR W. E. HOFFSOMfairly claim to have been the instru- MER writes to the. Christian lntelment which has brought about the greater part of the advance." ligencer; "So far, as I have been able to see the effects of the war among Evangelistic Campaign in Progress the Christians ip Japan, there is noth- ing to worry about. They are an re- A UNITED three years' evangelistic adjusting their ideas of just what is Christianity and what are the ideas of enterprise was inaugurated in Japan Christ in regard to the questions that last spring, and prayer-meetings were held in various parts of the country.

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are burning issues to-day. And they established as there is need. The na- are judging, too, more closely, the mes- tives are being taught new trades.'

sengers of this religion. Tho~e of Lectures on agriculture, stock breeding, them who have caught the spirit of sericulture, fishing, mmmg and the Christianity and applied it to their per- trades are being given.

sonal lives are shaken only, and not Voluntary Korean Colporteur. upset. But it seems to me that the T question is a diffel ent one when we HE Presbyterian missionaries in Andong district, Korea, have tried come to speak of the non-Christian.

He looks at the living epistles, and for to impress upon the church-members the man in Japan who does not dis- that it is their business, and not that tinguish between different forms of of paid colporteurs only, to sell por- Christianity, it is a difficult problem to tions of the Scripture to unbelievers.

solve how these teachings of the Chris- Last year the six paid colporteurs sold tian religion and some of the practises some 7,000 portions, while the other agree." church-members sold 10,000. A novel Japan'. Work in Korea plan for stimulating effort was also tried in this district. Three banners THE Governor-General of Korea has were maXIe for each helper's circuit issued an elaborate illustrated (from three t6 twelve churches), one official report on progress and reform going to the church doing the most in this new Japanese province in 1912- preaching per capita, another to the 13. The report is in English. !twas church selling the most Gospels per compiled under the date of December, .capita, and the third to the church 1914, at Keijo, as Seoul is now known. gaining the most new believers per Its maps are many in number, and the capita. All might go to one church, or illustrations' in photogravure are a re- all might go to different churches. The markable feature of it. Korea was banners are held for one year, and then taken over by the Japanese for colo- will be iost if the church does not nization and political purposes. It is also for this year do the best in its already the receiving ground for circuit. Two churches sold over 2,000 throngs of Japanese. It is evident Gospels each, one church preached to from the report that the government- over 30,000 people, and another doubled general is paternal. That much is its' membership.-Assembly Herald. being done is manifest. The Koreans as a race are backward. The Japanese AFRICA are aggressive, and this quality is pic- tured in the administration of Korea. Egypt No Longer Turki.h T Judging from the comparative statistics HE Crescent comes down, the Cross is lifted. That is, Great Britain and photographs, railroads are being built where there were only trails, has established a protectorate over schools have been erected, police intro- Egypt, Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Arthur duced and law enforced. A point is Henry McMahon has been appointed distinctly made that the government- His Majesty's High Commissioner, and general desires to be just to the Kor- Prince Hussein Kemal has been made eans. Old usages are followed in ad- Sultan. This is thought to be the first ministering justice. The temples of act in the dismemberment of the Turk- the Koreans are preserved and the ish Empire. For many years Turkey sacred compounds protected. Some 400 has been nominal sovereign in Egypt public schools are now subsidized by but Great Britain has been virtual the government. Hospitals. have been master. .When Turkey foolishly at-

tempted to incite its population to par- evangelical church. There is, further, ticipate in the present war, raising the a idistinct movement of reformation in appeal for another "Holy War," Great the ancient church of Egypt-an ad- Britain met the challenge by lowering vancing use of the Arabic colloquial in the Crescent at Cairo and lifting the place of the unintelligible Coptic, an Union Jack. And now let us hope, in increasing use of the Scriptures in the spite of the fact that the flag of Great services, more preaching and Bible ex- Britain is floating to the breeze where position, growth of schools for girls, men are engaged in a most unchris- and other work for women. The detian war, that the Cross will be magni- velopment of Sunday-schools in the fied for all the future in the land of Coptic churches is proposed as the the Pharaohs. The territory included most promising way of transforming it in the protectorate is about 6,000 square in an evangelical sense. There could miles and the population coming com- hardly be a more certain guaranty of" pletely under British dominion is about a Reformed Church of Egypt than a 6,000,000. widespread movement of this kind.

A Refonn in the ~optic Church A New Bible Tranalation BOUT six per cent. of the popu- lation of Egypt. or some 670,000 THE British and Foreign Bible Sopersons, we are told, belong to the ciety is publishing a tentative ver- Coptic Church. They constitute a distinct community, with their own schools, sion of St. Mark's Gospel in a new cemeteries and civil laws. While only African language: a form of Somali four per cent. of the Moslem popu- which is current in Italian Somaliland lation can read and write, more than and further south across the frontier ten per cent. of the Copts can do so. of British East Africa. St. Mark's The Copts in the cities are clever Gospel, which the Society is now mer-chants and the number of extremely printing, has recently been translated wealthy Coptic families has consider- into Somali by the Rev. P. Olsson, ably increased. The Egyptian Protes- who is a member of the Swedish Evantants are largely persons who have gelical National Society's mission at abandoned the Church of the Copts, Yonti, near Kismayu in British East but there is no such chasm between Africa. He has been helped in his Protestantism and Romanism. Protes- version by Somali natives, including tants feel a sense of historical relation- one named Daher bin Abdi, who has ship to the ancient church, desire its been educated in Sweden and in Engreformation, contribute" to its schools land. The translator informs us that and church construction, attend its con- the number of Somalis in British East gresses. American missionaries are in- Africa was estimated a few years ago vited repeatedly to speak in Coptic to be 20,000; but along the banks of churches. This has gone so far that the J uba River there are living about the solemn ritualistic services on Good 20,000 Bantu negroes'-former slaves, or Friday have been suspended, and Mr. the children of slaves, of the Somalis, Reed, a Presbyterian clergyman, in- and these also speak Somali. The bulk vited in to give an exposition of the of the Somalis are, however, found Scriptures. Great numbers of Coptic across the river in Italian territory. It laymen and school-teachers and some is believed that the Ogaden-Harti "dta- Coptic priests have been educated in lect in which St. Mark's Gospel his American Presbyterian schools and been prepared will be intelligible to cherish the friendliest feelings for the the greater part of the tribesmen in Somaliland.

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Work Amona Moslems in Nilleri& churches in the Islands,' that authority be sought from the Mission Boards in MISS CLARK of the Sudan Interior the United States permitting mission- Mission tel1s a remarkable story aries to labor without perpetuating deof a spontaneous movement among cer- nominational names, and that plans be tain Mohammedans of the Sudan. Some made for and methods of cooperation forty-five years ago a Mallam came adopted among the various bodies ~t from the East to Zaria (Nigeria) and work. began preaching that Mohammed was not a prophet of God and that the AInc:lustrial Mission in the Philippines Koran was a lying book. After a time TYPICAL example of the kind of he was arrested, and his disciples fled work being done in the Philippines further east, and, tho not attaining to under the direction of Bishop Brent at any positive faith, continued to uphold Sagada, a place lying in the wild mounthe doctrine of the Koran's worthless- tain regions inhabited by the Igorots, a ness. A few years ago, Dr. Barjary, pagan people of Malay origin. In one of the Church Missionary Society of the adjacent mountain gorges is a visited them, but found no response great saw mill run by the mission, which among them. Last year, however, a provides employment for hundreds of man came into Zaria, to Dr. Miller, men, women and children, and which .is and asked for teaching. He returned called by the native director, "A benelater with another, saying that what diction from Heaven." At Sagada there they wanted was not learning, but re- are large workshops where all kinds of ligion. They then opened up their tools and tinware are made. In other hearts and told how they and many buildings the girls do lace work, and others of their people had been waiting weave beautiful native cloth. A great for the Word of God. Dr. Miller has stone church is in process of erection, sent out Christian young men who have and also a hospital. The whole mission chosen a central town and for twenty is lighted by electric light, the plant miles around these anti-Mohammedan being under the direction of two Igorot Protestants gather each Sunday for in- boys, and there is a first-class printing struction in Christianity. establishment under the direction of an Igorot young man twenty-three years ISLANDS OF THE SEA old, with Igorot assistance. At a recent visit to the mission by Bishop Brent, Unity in the Philippine. over eighty candidates of all ages were confirmed, and after ten years' work A CONFERENCE looking toward the there have been over twelve hundred more complete union of the evan- persons baptized in the community.- gelical churches at work in the Philip- The Churchman. pine Islands, was held in Manila in October last, and was characterized by MISCELLANEOUS a very helpful spirit of unity. Two Americans and two Filipinos from the A The Unreached Millions Presbyterian, Methodist, Episcopal, CCORDING to carefully compiled United Brethren and Christian Mis- statistics, about twenty million volsions were present. Representatives umes of the Bible, or portions of it, from the Congregational and Baptist were printed during 1913, and of these Missions expected to be present but about eighteen million were put into failed to. reach Manila. Resolutions circulation. But "what are these among were passed requesting that the Lord- so many?" Asia alone contains about ship of Jesus and the authority, of the 934,000,000 people. The total popula- Holy Scriptures be fully recognized. that a common name be found for all

tion of the world to-day is approxi- of view. It is, "Forward to Christ." mately 1,730,000,000. Asia,the~efore, con- Christ, the Captain of our Salvation, tains in itself 138,000,000 more people like King Henry of Navarre, is far in than are to be found in all the rest of advance of his army. He is in the the inhabited world. In other words, if van. He calls on all his faithful fol- all the people of the 'world, Asia ex- lowers to advance to his position. We cepted;-. were in the continent of Asia can never overtake him in. his eager there would still be room for one and advance for the conquest of the world; a half times as many people as there but we can devote every energy to are in the United States of America. pushing toward the front of the far- In British India there are over 312,000,- flung battle line. "The Son of God 000 people, in China about 400,000,000. goes forth to war, who follows in His When it is realized how many millions train ?"

of people on the earth's surface are ONE The Ex-Governor of Bombay on Minions still unreached by the Gospel and do of the speakers at the last annot possess God's Holy Word, the great nual meeting of the Oxford Misimportance of the work of the Bible sion in Calcutta was Lord Sydenham, Society is slightly comprehended. formerly governor of Bombay Presi- L Let the Pessimist Take Note dency. ET those who think Christianity is An English newspaper quotes his ad- a spent force ponder the following: When Carey, the first Protestant dress as follows: "Lord Sydenham said missionary of the world, went to India, that after five and one-half years of the whole number of nominal Chris- careful study of the tendencies and tians in the world was about 200,000,- conditions of modern India he had come 000. Now there are 500,000,000. When to the conclusion that missionary effort he, in the eighteenth century, went out was playing a far greater part than was from Christendom as a missionary to realized in the raising of high ideals the dark world of heathend6m, the among the people. . . . Perhaps the population of the world was about greatest tribute of all to the work of 1,000,000,000. It is now supposed to the missionaries was the growing numbe about 1,500,000,000, which is only ber of Indian institutions which, withanother way of saying that, while the out being professedly Christian, were population of the world has increased still the direct result of Christian induring this period fifty per cent., Chris'- fluence working upon Indian minds and leavening Indian thought."

tianity has increased 150 per cent, and OBITUARY the ratio shows that the cause of Christ advanced more within the past 25 years Robert .1. Willingham than it did in the 75 years preceding. Our God is marching on. T HROUGHOUT the South there is great sorrow over the death of Dr. A "Forward to Chri.t" Robert ]. Willingham, for thirty years FOREIGN missionary has sounded the devoted and indefatigable secretary . of the .foreign Mission Board of the the right note. During the past Southern Baptist Convention. During quarter century, he says, the cry has his term of splendid service the gifts been, "Back to. Christ." That cry has to foreign missions in the Southern value, for Christ is the ineffable and Baptist Convention increased more than the infinite model of all that is p.erfect 500 per cent. Dr. Willingham .was a in the manifestation of God. But there man who was respected by all and loved '

is a better cry from a missionary point by all who knew him.

'1111

Pl/",'It BOOKS ON MISSIONS "'01 I AND f '. MISSION LANDS ;, :' ;"

………….. …….,…….,// …….. ….~."…..:;-'/ The Present World Situation. John R. shall at the same time relate itself to Mott. 12mo. Student Volunteer Move- the historic, the universal church? Can ment for Foreign Missions, New York, we increase an effective Christian liter- 1914. ature? Can the crushing social problems The reader of Dr. Mott's latest book of the Orie~t be solved, or must we see the new industrial era add to these probmeets with one inevitable disappoint- lems the problem of the slum and tl"ce ment. "Before the war broke out the congested district, which social reformers book was written just as it now appears." are trying to solve for America? Shall The author truly says that the catas- the gulf which separates the whites and trophe "lends a peculiar timeliness and blacks in South Africa become "the meaning to the treatment of the subject"; grave of Christian ideals in that part of but we all feel that the war has wrought the world?" These are among the quessuch a vast international upheaval that tions which mediocre men can answer the present world situation can not be only as they rise to the stature of statesfairly treated without a discussion' of men. the influence of the war. One who has read "The Decisive Hour of Christian After showing that "by far the great- Missions'," and has followed the author's est obstacle to the world-wide spread of message as given before the Kansas City the Christian religion is the unchristian Convention, and in the MISSIONARY RE- impact of our Western civilization," the VIEW OF THE WORLD and the Inter- author enters upon an illuminating disnational Review of Missions must con- cussion of methods by which the impact fess, too, to a certain disappointment that may be Christianized. There is demandthe new book does not contain more new ed a world-wide "campaign of friendmaterial. It is a satisfaction, however, to ship," in which must cooperate the mishave in a single compact volume these sionary's home, the Christian Student messages, as well as other chapters which Movement, the Laymen's Miss,ionary were given as lectures in Andover Theo- Movement, every Christian in America logical Seminary, at Hqrvard University, who comes into contact with foreign stuand at the Boston University School of dents. Theology. In his closing chapter the writer indi- Dr. Matt dwells upon the unprece- cates the chauging emphasis of his own dented opportunity, danger, and urgency thought. On returning from his first of our world situation. He points out journey around the world, he placed chief the contrasts between his earlier and empha,sis upon the need of "a large inlater experiences in various countries. crease in the number of foreign mis- sionaries." At the end of his second The work of Christian missions must journey throughout the principal mission be "empire building." "Few churches fields of the world, he insisted upon "the and missions are planning their work necessity of augmenting the native arm with reference to the inevitable demands of the service/, He is now constrained of even the next ten years." 'Shall the "to shift the emphasis entirely from "untouchables"be absorbed by Hinduism, numbers to quality, and especially to the Mohammedanism, or Christianity? Can we hope for an indigenous church which

spiritual aspects of the life and activity the rural church is in a position of inof the workers." "The conviction deep- fluence out of all proportion to the size ens that what is needed is not so much of his congregation or the amount of his to quadruple our numbers as to quad- salary. Wide-awake pastors. of rural ruple ourselves." Thus at last he would churches will be deeply interested in call the leaders ~f the missionary forces these ideas forcefully presented by Mr. -and all of us-"not only to a more Wilson. thorough handling of the facts and methods, but also to a larger discovery of The World Outlook superhuman t'esources and a greater irradiation of spiritual power.". The second number of this new month- ly is quite equal to the first-which is The Problem of Leadership. By Ernest high praise. .It is devoted to South E. Elliott. 12mo, 119 pp. 50 cents. America, and has remarkably fine illus- Fleming H. Revell CO, J914. trations and. interesting reading. Practical suggestions gathered from The combination price of The World the experience of the National Secre- Outlook and the REVIEW is' $3.00-for tary of the Brotherhood of the Dis- new subscribers only. To foreign counciples of Christ. The human problem in tries postage must be added. Church and State is. almost wholly a problem of leadership-those who are NEW BOOKS faithful, efficient and beloved. Methods are suggested by Mr. Elliott and mate- The City of Dancing Dervishes ahd rial is listed. The book is of practical value to pastors at home and abroad. Other Sketches and Studies from the Near East. By H. C. Lukach. Illus- The Church at the Center. By Warren H. Wilson. Illustrated. 12mo. 98 pp. trated. 257 pp. 7s. 6d., net. Macmillan, 50 cents. Missionary Education Move- London, 1914. ment, New York, 1914. The work for country churches has A Great Missionary Pioneer. The Story of Samuel Marsden's Work in New Zeabeen developed on a new scale in recent years. Mr. Warren H. Wilson, the land. By Mrs. E. M. Dunlop. 16mo. secretary on "The Church and Country 89 pp. Is., net. Society for Promoting Life" for the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions, had signal success in his Christian Knowledge, London, 1914. own rural parish, and has greatly stimulated interest in this important work. His Kiowa. The History of a Blanket Indian present volume deals with the mode of survey for a country parish, suggestions Mission. By Isabel Crawford. Illusand program for the rural church, gives some very useful examples of such work; trated. 8vo. 242 pp. $125, net. Fleming presents some suggestions for rural H. Revell Co., New York, 1914. • church buildings, and ideas that will make the village church a leader in the A Sunday-School Tour of the Orient. country life. When we consider that a By a Commission authorized by the large proportion of students for the ministry and of other leaders in civic and World's Sunday-School Association By religious life come from rural commu- Frank L. Brown. 12mo. Illustrated. nities, and when we see the power which some of these village churches have ex- xvi-374 pp. Doubleday, Page & Co., Garerted to transform the life of the com- den City, L. I., 1914. munity, it is evident that the pastor of A Hero of the Afghan Frontier. The Splendid Life Story of T. L. Pennell, M.D., Retold for Boys and Girls. By Alice M. Pennell. Illustrated. 12mo.

209 pp. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York (Seeley Service, Lon- don), 1914. .

Missionary Crusaders. Stories of the Dauntless Courage and Remarkable Ad- ventures which missionaries have had while carrying out their duties in many parts of the world. By Claude Field, M.A. Illustrated. 12mo. 220 pp. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1914. .

Missions and the Church. By Wilbur B. Stover. Illustrated. 16mo. 204 pp.

Brethren Pub. House, Elgin, Ill., 1914.

The Real Turk. By Stanwood Cobb.

$1.50. The Pilgrim Press, Boston, 1914.

Life in the Moslem East. By Pierr.e Ponafidine. $1.75, net. Dodd, M-ead &: Co., New York~ 1914.

The Missionary Review of the World — February 1915

FOI2

MISSIONA~Y FllQES I. The Christian spirit of German soldiers at the front is seen in the fact that some have sent part of their meager pay to help meet the needs of the missionary societies. (See page 105.) 2. A successful business man recently gave this pointer to 700 ministers: "If you ask a man for ten dollars for missions when he is accustomed to do business in tens of thousands for his own benefit, he despises the smallness of the enterprise. It is belittling to the Kingdom of God." (See page II9.) 3. A remarkable fact is that the Christians of "heathen" China have recently observed a day of prayer for the warring "Christian" nations of Eu.rope. Chinese government officials wefe present at many of these services. (See page 81.) 4. "By one of the great providences of God," says Mr. Basil Mathews, of London, "Dr. John R. Mott, -the Chairman of the Continuation Com- mittee of the vVorld Missionary Conference, is an American, a neutral, and is one of the greatest reconciling personalities in the world to-day." (See page 109.) 5. The pastors of nearly half of the Protestant churches in France are now in the army. (See page 152.) 6. The same notice boards in Changsha, China, which a few years ago held edicts proclaiming death to the "foreign devils," recently displayed posters advertizing Mr. Eddy's evangelistic meetings. (See page 82.) 7. The wild, warlike Vaziris on the northwest frontier of India have told the British government to take away its troops as they will be respon- sible for the present for the peace of that part of the world. (See page 149.) 8. A Peking shop displays this sign every Sunday ~"To-day is worship day." This 1ilent me~sage proclaims a new idea to passers-by, who have always worked seven days in the week. Sunday is now observed as a day of rest in Chinese government offices and colleges. (See pages 82 and 94.) 9. More than half of the population of the United States now live under prohibition laws. (See page 86.) 10. The Constitutionalist government in Yucatan, Mexico, has issued decrees closing all saloons, under penalty of death, suppressing cock-fights, lotteries and gambling, and freeing all slaves. (See page 85.) I I. The zeal of South African Christians converted in Johannesburg, is shown by the fact that, without missionary help, they have established churches in the interior and have erected chapels. (See page 84.) 12. The British government in India has invited American missionaries to take charge of a settlement of robbers in the JIadura district, and offers to meet most of the expense. (See page 148.)

DING LI MEl-THE CHINESE STUDENT

(See the sketch of Mr. Ding's life on page 130) I IE OF THEW RLD'

Vol. XXXVIII, No.2 FEBRUARY, 1915 Vol. XXVIII, No. 2 Olel Seri•• New Series 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111111111111111111 111I11I11111I111I1111I11I11II1illI ACHINESE PRAYER FOR EUROPE "We meet here this afternoon to pray SECOND time the officials of for peace, and I am exceedingly glad to the Chinese Republic have called have a part in these exercises. As I see upon the Christian churches in it there is not a man that does not desire the land for a season of special happiness-not a man that does not deprayer. On April 27, 1913, prayer sire to see peace reigning everywhere was sought for. China, to-day it throughout the world. This war, the is for those suffering from the terrible result of militarism, has torn the world war in Europe. By the advice or in- to pieces. The President of the United vitation of President Yuan Shi 'Rai, States tried his best to act as peacemaker Sunday, October 18, 1914, was set but adverse forces were too strong. And aside as such a day of prayer for now man having reached the limit of his Europe, and representatives of the resources, we come and pray for' help Republic were present at many of the from Heaven, services. In Amoy, for instance, there were pres,ent the Taotai Wang "The Book of Odes tells us that the Shou Chen; the Su-beng Magistrate, great God rules all under Heaven, and Lai Ju Lin; also Hsin 'Kuei Fang, with splendid power influences the nathe second in command of the Amoy tions of the world for peace. The His- Forts; Wang Ch'en Chang, Chief of torical Classic says: 'Heaven pities the Police; and Chen Ngen Tao, Diplo- people and most certainly hears their cry matic Officer of Amoy. The Taotai in the time of need .. .' Heaven does spoke in part as follows: not want strife, and will assuredly under- stand your purpose. Washington was a man of prayer and in the time of the Revolution a portion of every day was The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by con~ tributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS.

spent in prayer. Lincoln also, during the School in Peking is an officer in one Civil War in America, spent much time of the Methodist churches, and a in prayer, and at such time as the present prominent member of the Board of we do weII to remember his words and Communications is Superintendent of manner of prayer. He did not pray es- the Sunday-school. pecially for the success of his own armies -not that his soldiers might prove vic- Similar leaders for the next gentorious, but, that war might cease and eration are being trai~ed in mission the whole world be at peace. schools to-day. Within the past four years the principal of the Peking "Recently President Wilson called for a day of universal prayer in behalf of Intermediate School, Mr. W. W.

the struggle in Europe; we are thus but Davis, has built it up from 80 pupils following his example in meeting here to 571. Starting with a few small this afternoon to pray that war may Chinese buildings, his space equipcease and universal peace be established ment has been rapidly enlarged so throughout the entire world. And so that many hundreds of students are to-day unitedly and with one voice in now lodged in half a dozen Chinese unison with this whole nation, we lift compounds or courts, and spread our hearts in prayer. God is not afar their bedding on any available spot. off. He is at all times near-in recipro- During chapel services part of the cal relation-and so will hear and bestow students in this school are forced peace in answer to prayer-prayer of unbounded, unlimited power." to stand under a Chinese mat in the Much has been said about Con- open court. Equipped with a modfucianism becoming the national re- ern dormitory and recitation hall the ligion, but such a spectacle recorded school would be self-supporting.

has not the appearance of China's T adoption of Confucianism. The TRANSFORMATION OF HUNAN HE province that was longest religion of Jesus Christ has taken a mighty hold on the Chinese officials closed to Christianity is to-day and people. May the day soon come one of the most open to the teach- when they shall be fully convinced ing of the Gospel.

that Christ is the only Savior, and In Changsha, Hunan' province, that His is the one religion that where the Yale Mission is located, China needs. Mr. Eddy had remarkably successtul meetings. A thousand Confucian TCHRISTIAN LEADERS IN CHINA students asked to j oinBible classes. HE influence of Christian men This is the capital city which long and women is being felt in many rigorously excluded Christian mis·· commercial centers in China to-day. sionaries. In October of last year In one of the busiest streets of posters announcing the evangelistic Peking this sign is hung out every meetings were hung on the same Sunday: "To-day is worship day." notice boards that a few years ago This is striking to the Chinese, who held edicts proclaiming death to the for forty centuries have worked "foreign devils." Fifteen years ago without ceasing, bartering and selling mobs would have driven out the every day in the year.. The Presi- evangelists; to-day three thousand dent of the Government Normal gathered thrice each day to hear the

OF THE

Gospel message. To-day the mission- years ago, a Confucian Atheist, and aries were welcomed at the gate by a hater of Christianity. At his the same man who in J898 was thrice father's death-bed the young man driven from the city and beaten by asked Dr. Hume, of the Yale Mis- angry mobs. Those who then shouted sion, to pray for him, and last year "kill the foreigner" werer in Octo- when face to face with death in a ber, replaced by the throngs of stu- prison cell during the revolution, he dents who struggled for tickets of ad- prayed to God as his Heavenly mission to the Gospel meetings. In Father. He was baptized last Christ- J900 Dr. Frank Keller, of Yale, nar- mas (1913), and to-day stands boldly rowly escaped from Changsha with his before throngs of students to pro- life while his property was looted. claim Christ as his own Savior and Here in J902 two China Inland mis- the only hope of China.

sionaries were murdered and only This is only a sample of how God four years ago riots occurred that is calling out the new leaders to wit- compelled foreigners to flee while ness for Him in China as he called their churches were burned. forth Paul, the Apostle, nineteen The wonderful contrast to-day can centuries ago, to witness for Him only be accounted for by the power ill Asia Minor and Europe.

of God. The ground on which the pavilion was erected for the evan- EVIL AND GOOD IN NORTH AFRICA gelistic meetings was given by the CHRISTIANS at home have some governor himself, who sent a message difficulty in realizing the dan- of welcome. The governor's band gers that confront residents of such was in attendance, and after the Moslem communities as those found meeting played, "God be with you till in North Africa-in territory con- we meet again." Fifteen Confucian trolled by France and Italy. A pri- principals of schools had joined in vate letter from Tangier, Morocco, inviting the evangelists, and the describes the disturbances there due editors of local papers sympatheti- to the war. The letter, quoted in cally reported the meetings. North Atrica, reads in part: "Re- The three thousand students who cently there was a great panic-all attended welcomed the most earnest, the shops and houses closed; troops outspoken Christian messages and everywhere. The Moors and the the pavilion was crowded a half hour French surrounded the German and before the time to begin. The claims Austrian Legations, and took the of Jesus Christ were presented as the ministers and their whole staff pris- only hope for China and for the in- oners, and marched them on board dividual Chinese. A thousand stu- the French warship. The mountain dents responded to the invitation to tribes have been incited to come and study further the Christian religion. raid Tangier."

The interpreter at these meetings In the midst of turmoil, such as was the son of a former governor has interrupted Christian missionary ·of four provinces and a nephew of work in most Moslem lands, the a former Chinese min.ister to Great North, African Mission of the Amer- Britain. This young man was, four ican Methodist Church has held a

conference at Algiers. Encouraging Johannesburg, who have gone back reports of progress came from to their homes in the Transvaal and every station. Bishop Hartzell, still further into the interior. At who has since proceeded to one place this, "an indigenous African South Africa, writes: "At Constan- l'vfen and Religion Movement," was tine two very important legal de- begun by a man named Fezi, who on cisions have been rendered, one by returning home after his conversion a French judge and the other by a in Johannesburg nine years ago, first native Arab Cadi. Each of these brought his own brother to Christ.

gives the right to a Mohammedan Four years ago several baptisms took guardian to place a boy or girl in place in the community, and these our Christian hostels. In one case, people have now built six chapels a father protested, but was unworthy over a belt eighty miles long. The of trust, and the judge threatened church membership is 140, and there him with imprisonment if he did not is ,not a single mission station in the leave the child alone. district which has'a population of at "A great forward step has been least fifty thousand.

taken in the publication of literature Mr. Bridgman is doing heroic work in the vernacular languages, both in the Zulu Missions. He is a mis- Arab and Kabyle, including hymn- sionary, statesman, teacher, and ex- books, the catechism, and popular ecutive as well as preacher. The tracts on religious subj ects. Bible Zulu mission runs its work depart- stories have been put into popular mentally: (I) The churches, 26 of rhyme, to be committed to memory them with 240 outstations; (2) pri- and sung by the Moslem children." mary schools with 5,600 pupils; (3) Those who are interested in the higher schools for boys and girls, work recently begun by the W orId's besides a theological seminary, with Sunday-school Association for Mos- a total of 41I students; (4) publi- lem children will recognize the im- cations, nearly seven million pages portance of this last sentence. Rev. being issued last year; and (5) the Stephen Trowbridge and his wife, medical work, ministering to some who are assigned to the work for 5,000 patients annually. In connec- Moslem children in the Levant, have tion with ail this, the mission handles recently begun their labors in Cairo. about $82,000 a year, of which The Moslem "Holy War" is con- $60,000 is raised in South Africa.

ducted with swords and guns to REFORMERS IN YUCATAN exterminate the infidel. The Christian "Holy War" is conducted with W RILE the elimination of Huerta loving words and deeds to regenerate from the Mexican tdngle has the infidel. This method must win. not yet brought peace and prosperity, AN AFRICAN "MEN AND RELIGION the new constitutional government MOVEMENT" has issued some important decrees REV. F. B. BRIDGMAN, a weII- that indicate higher moral and politi- known missionary of the Ameri- cal standards. In Yucatan, the far can Board, describes the evangelizing eastern province of Mexico, to which work done by men converted in reference was made in our November

OF THE TIMES

number, a decree was issued closing vention was a great inspiration and all saloons, and imposing a death encouragement to the Christians."

penalty on all who violate the decree. CHRISTIAN ENDEAVORERS UNITE T Two days later cock fighting was FOR PEACE supprest, lotteries and gambling were prohibited, and all slaves were eman- HE various international Chris- cipated. tian organizations have a special opportunity and responsil·ility for How successfully these decrees promoting peace and good-will. Ancan be carried out time only can tell, other of these organizations,' the but they indicate the intention of the Young People's Society of Christian, constitutionalist movement. Thost' Endeavor, which has bral!:hes in who have lived in Mexico' know how almost every country in tIle world, strongly the lottery and gambling in- has started another ,!,orld-wi Ie peace stinct has taken hold of the people. movement. The trustees of the Indian peons have now been given United Society have voted to estababsolute liberty to serve where it lish a distinct department of Chrissuits them best, and to change their tian Endeavor for the promotion of residence without having to pay Peace. Appropriate topics will be debts which have hitherto kept them provided every year in the list of the slaves of their employers. This prayer-meeting topics used by 80,000 liberty to the debt slave is a blow societies throughout the world, and to the haciendado who must now special Peace literature adapted to give better treatment to laborers if Christian Endeavor societies will be they are to be willing to work for prepared. A Christian Ende"vor Inhim. ternational Peace Union has also On November i3th "A decree was been organized, to which anyone is issued prohibiting the kissing of eligible who will sign the following images in the churches, and ordering pledge: all fonts of holy water to be taken "As a follower of the Prince of from the churches. Rules were also Peace I will seek to promote goodmade for the conduct of services. will among men and peace on earth; All foreign priests have been expelled I will work as I have opportunity tofrom the State of Yucatan." ward the abolition of war, and will Under the Huerta regzme the endeavor to cement the fellowship of Protestant mission worker at 11una people of all nations and denominawas compelled to leave the town be- tions throughout the world." cause of persecution, but now, writee Rev. Charles Petran of the Presby- A MILLION TESTAMENTS FOR terian mission: SOLDIERS T "The' Presbyterian congregations HE American section of the Vorld's Sunday-school Associain the States of Yucatan and Cam- peche and. Tabasco held their annual tion is attempting to raise a fund of Sunday-school and Christian En- $50,000 by "nickels" from a million deavor convention at Muna, Novem- Sunday-school scholars, to put a mil- ber 5th to 8th, with an attendance lion Gospels or Testaments in the of 1,000 to 1,500 present. The con- hands of a million soldiers in-armies

now engaged in war. Each book is of our day. This has been a re- to contain the inscription, ·'Presented markable feature, so far, of the by an American Sunday-school European war. Russia at the out- scholar." break of war put a stop to the sale of vodka all through the vast em- A stream of Testaments and Gos- pire, with results so surprizingly pels in various languages flows beneficial that it is said the change steadily, day by day, from the Bible will be made a permanent one. House, New York, to Red Cross or- France stopt the sale of absinthe, ganizations, field hospitals, and other and prominent French writers are helpers of the sick and wounded, now advocating the prohibition of all regardless of nationality. These fonns of alcoholic drinks. Lord Kit- books go out as free gifts from the chener has prescribed no liquor for Bible Society, and great numbers of the English Army while it is on the special khaki editions are supplied to Continent. friends who distribute them among the troops. The London society One of the most significant events has also sent a half million more in America is the great student concopies of the Scripture to the troops. vention which was recently held in Topeka, Kansas, under the auspices of The Scripture Gift Mission of the Intercollegiate Prohibition Asso- England has already sent out 1,750- ciation. One thousand students were 000 Gospels and Testaments, nearly present. These men, and those whom half of them to British and Terri- they represent, are the leaders of totorial soldiers and sailors. About a morrow, and it is their convictions quarter of a million Gospels have which will1argely shape the policies of been distributed among the French the country. troops and the German prisoners of war. The way in which the books During the past two months five have been welcomed by the men of States have voted out the sale of all nationalities indicates an unusually liquor within their borders-Virreceptive mood. The Empress of gInIa, Oregon, Colorado, Washing- Russia took twenty thousand copies ton, and Arizona. There are now with her when she went to the front. fourteen States in the Union that Reports tell of copies of a gospel are dry territory. Alabama and being passed along the trenches where Idaho also have elected legislatures the men have nothing else to read. pledged to prohibition, and legis- Bible readings and prayer-meetings lative enactment to that effect is exare held in the bomb shelters; and pected soon to follow. About 75 there are many true conversions in per cent. of the area of the the fighting line. United States is now dry terri~ory, while 52,000,000 of the people, more THE MOVEMENT AGAINST than half the total population, now live under prohibition laws. In the INTOXICANTS recent elections in Ohio 77 counties out of 88 voted dry, but the liquor THE way in which the movement vote in the "swamps" of Clevelanrl and Cincinnati carried the State. against alcohol is spreading, not only through the United States, but over the world, is one of the marvels

EVENTS

February 8th-Death of Alexander Mackay, 1890, 25th anniversary.

16th to I8th-Laymens' Nlissionary Movement (Presbyterian Church, South), Charlotte, N. C.

23rd to 2sth-La)'meIlS' Nlissionary i1,1ovemcnt (Presbyterian Church, South), Dallas, Texas.

26th-First anti-Christian edicts in Madagascar, 1835, 80:h anniversary. 26th-Samuel N. Lapsley sailed to found Kongo Missions (South Presby- terian), 1890, 25th anniversary.

March 13th-Birth of James C. Hepburn, 1815, 100th anniversary. 29th-Birth of Isabella Thoburn, 1840, 75th anniversary.

April 1st-Birth of William C. Burns, 1815, IOo~h anniversary.

May 12th to 17th-Southern Baptist Convention, Houston, Texas. 20th-Death of John Eliot, 1690, 225th anniversary. 29th-Founding of the Basel Miss. Soci ety, 1815, IOoth anniversary.

June 4th-Birth of George L. Pilkington, 1865, 50th anniversary. 4th to 14th-Y. W. C. A. Student Confaenee, Blue Ridge, N. C. 18th to 28th-Y. W. C. A. Student COllferenee, Silver Bay, N. Y. 25th-Jubilee of the China Inland Mission, founded 1865. 23rd to July 2nd-Y. W. C. A. StudeJlt Conference; Eagles 111ere, Pa, 25th to July 4th-Missionary Education Movement, Blue Ridge, N. C. 30th-::'I1artyrdom of Raymond Lull, 1315, 600th anniversary.

July 2nd to lIth-Missionary Education Movement Conf., Asilomar, Cal. 6th-Five hundredth Anniversary of Martyrdom of John Hus. 7th to 12th-Fifth World Christian Endeavor Convention, Chicago, Ill. 9th-Martyrdom of nine Malagasy Christians, 1840, 75th anniversary. 9th to I8th-2vIissionary Education Movement Conf., Silver Bay, N. Y. 16th to 25th-Missionary Education Movement Conf., Estes Park, Colo. 20th to 30th-Y. T+T. C. A. City COTlferenee, Si!ver Bey, N. Y. 21St to 31st-Y. W. C. A. City Confe1'cnee, Blue Rid{!,e, N. C. 22nd to 30th-Missionary Education Movement Conf., Ocean Park, Me. 23rd-Baptism of Africaner, 1815, loath anniversary.

August 6th to I6th-Y. W. C. A. Student Conference, Asilomar, Cal. 6th to Isth-2v!issionary Education ]I!ovement Conference, Lake Geneva. I3th to 23rd-Y. VV. C. A. City Conference, Lake Geneva. 13th to 23rd-Y. W. C. A. City Conference, Estes Park, Colo.

A MISSIONARY'S MULE-LITTER CROSSING A llRIDGELESS

DR. SUN YAT SEN AT A MODERN RAILROAD STATION, TSINANFU TRAVEL L) CHINA-ANCIENT AND MODER)f

Transformation of

BY REV. R. C. FORSYTH, TSINANFU, SHANTUNG, CHINA .Missionary of the English Baptist .Missioll IlTl-HE Chinese nation has great trunk lines is now the settled an authentic history of policy of the Government. The lines , some four thousand from Peking to Hankow, Peking to L. years, and yet more Shanghai, and Tsingtau to Tsinanfu ~ changes have occurred are in daily operation. The journey within the last fifty on the Peking-Hankow line, in either years than in all the previous mil- direction, occupies about two days of leniums. continuous travel, with sleeping ac- commodation and all other modern Thirty years ago I made a journey conveniences. Already over 5,000 of about 250 miles in eight days by miles of railroad is being operated hard travel, twelve hours a day. The in China, and in a. few years this rough mule litter was my "palace mileage will be more than doubled. car." and had only a covering of Nearly all the railways are owned reed matting to keep out the cold or by the Government and are controlled ram. The mules walked tandem with and operated with profit by Chinese. the Ushentzu" (litter) slung between them. The peculiar jerk and roll The POItal Syltem as if on the ocean instead of on dry land, made some people sick. The The European postal system is now equilibrium was sufficiently precarious in use in all parts of China. When to warrant great care, as a sudden I landed in China in r884 the mails swerve of the animals would upset for the interior had to be received the whole structure, with some danger by agents at the coast port and sent to life or limb or, at least, the dis- overland by foot messenger, who agreeable experience of being plunged made the journey of about 250 miles into a quagmire. in seven or eight days. Letters and papers were sent and received once To-day, however, a journey of in a fortnight, and the mails from equal length can be made by railway London took about two months to with comfort in about nine hours. reach the destination. Now in all The beginning of railroads in China the important towns, especially those was made in 1876, when a line of connected with the coast by rail, twelve miles was built from Shanghai deliveries are made at least once a to Woosung, at the mouth of the day and in some Provincial capitals Huang-pu river. This undertaking four or five times a day. Letters was so strenuously resisted 'by the are conveyed from London to Tsin- Chinese, and caused so much excite- anfu in fourteen days, and before ment among the populace, that the long will be delivered in even less Government was compelled to buy time. the line and transport the rails to the island of Formosa, where they To most of the inland towns letters, rust away unused. The buil.ding of papers and parcels must still be con-

OLD-TIME CHINESE SOLDIERS PRACTISING ARCHERY MODERN FOREIGN-DRILLED CHINESE TROOPS FIGHTING IN Cl:IINA-ANCIENT AND MODERN

19I 5J THE TRANSFORMATION OF

veyed by foot messengers, and so stage is evidenced by the number the carriage of parcels is expensive, who wear ordinary Chinese clothing yet postcards can be sent all over with European hats and shoes. The China for one cent each an:d letters queue, which was forced upon the for three cents. Considering how Chinese men by their Manchu con- short a time this system has been in querors in 1644, is now being rapidly operation it is astonishing how much discarded. When the Manchus tried has been accomplished and with what to compel the women to unbind their ease and accuracy the system is now feet, they utterly failed; but now the being worked throughout China. women are more and more coming to Probably no European country is realize the beauty and convenience of more cheaply or efficiently served natural feet as God made them. It than China, until recently, the most is quite common now among the backward of all countries. The younger women and girls to discard system is at present being worked at the cruel and hideous custom of foot a loss owing to the expensive use of binding.

foot messengers, but with the exten- Another conspicuous change is seen sion of the railways the postal de- in the uniform and accoutrements of partment will be an increasing source the soldiery. In 1885 I found the of revenue. Manchu soldiers armed with bows and arrows and drest in ill-fitting gar- Steam Communication ments; some of the foot soldiers were On sea coast, lakes, and rivers of armed with matchlock muskets, and China some steam boats have traveled other obsolete weapons, while some for many years, tho the fares are had only spears and shields. Now, still very high. The passenger and under European military instructors, freight traffic is enormous. When the entire army has been remodeled, Hongkong was ceded to the British all the soldiers carry modem rifles, Government in 1841, the island had no and are drest in soldierly uniforms traffic, and was merely a barren rock. suited to the seasons of the year.

I t has now a place in the shipping Barracks are built and furnished as in world next to that of New York. By Europe. The men are chosen from a far the largest share of this traffic is better class than formerly, and are conveyed by British vessels; and the better paid. They have proved their number of foreigners in China who efficiency by putting down in the short are of British nationality exceeds space of two months a most formid- that of all other countries combined. aole rebellion having its center in Nanking.

Changes in Manners and Customs Chinese society has been revolution- Changes in the Large Cities ized within the last twenty years. In In the year 1900 all thought of dothing, for instance, the loose flow- adopting western ideas was scouted lng robe is being rapidly replaced by by the Chinese and the people se~med the tight-fitting European style of gar- possest with the idea of resisting ment, a less picturesque, but more everything foreign, and adhering convenient costume. The transition rigidly to their ancient customs. To-

day all this is changed. Some of the ings and residences is now largely Provincial capitals are now lighted, adopted and it is becoming more and at least in their main streets, with more common. The electric teleelectricity, and are vigilantly patroled graph is in daily use in all large by policemen in uniform. The streets cities, and in most of the important in Peking have been gradually trans- towns messages may be sent in Engformed. Main lines of traffic of lish to all parts of ~he world. The telephone is also in common use and THE FORMER FEMALE BONDAGE even Marconigrams can be trans- mitted from Peking to various centers Typical Woman with Bound Feet in the Provinces. The native city of Hankow, which was for the most ample width traverse the entire city. part destroyed by fire during the These are macadamized, frequently late revolution, is now to be rebuilt. watered by hand to prevent raising in modern style with all the conthe dust, are lined with trees and veniences of modern civilization. lighted with rows of electric lamps. They are worthy of the capital oi. the In some cities public parks and great Republic. The officials now open spaces are being reserved for dress in European costume and drive the public, model prisons are being to and from their residences in hand- built, and large halls for the transsomely appointed broughams, instead action of public business are now of the old-time, rough, springless carts formed in all the provincial capitals. or sedan chairs borne on the shoulders by carriers. The entire remodeling of the ju- dicial system is one of the many Foreign style in government build- reforms to which the officials of China are now committed. Until this is accomplished no first-class European powers will be willing to allow their nationals to submit to her tribunals. Soon China, like Japan, will rise to the position of other great powers and will impose her laws impartially on all who live with- III her jurisdiction.

The New Republican Government This is, perhaps, the greatest of all the recent changes in China. The ease, completeness, and celerity with which this enormous change has been made is the more astounding the more it is understood. Those who know China best, were as much sur- prized and confounded as were any others. The change seemed utterly at variance with all that anyone

TRANSFORMATION OF CHINA 9I

acquainted with the people. would dynasty. Now, in their turn, the have predicted. From what one Manchus have been put aside as knows of the habits and customs of utterly incompetent, and have been this ancient people, of-. their almost- compelled to retire without blooduniversal reverence and respect for shed. This is a remarkable instance the past and rigid adherence to cus- of wisdom, discretion and toleration toms rooted in their remote and on both sides, especially on the side venerable history and daily practise, of the Republican leaders. none could have believed that their _ The reasons for this sudden change THE NEW FREEDOM FOR WOMEN IN CHINA A Christian Woman Js Conference at Weihsien, May, 1913. Three hundred Chinese del egates attended, 25 of whom traveled on foot an average of 27 miles. Nine of these were over 70 years of age entire thought and system could have are, perhaps, not difficult to find. been "so completely altered and in so There had been gradual preparation short a time. The transition from for it during many years. The an Imperial Government to a modern scholarly classes fr0111 whom, for Republic is one which would have many centuries, the rulers of the been beyond belief a few years ago. nation have been almost exclusively chosen, came to realize that unless The Manchu dynasty has disap- radical reforms were speedily instipeared as suddenly as it arose, nearly tuted, the nation would soon cease to three centuries ago, when the hardy exist. The object lesson of Japan, band of warriors frori1 Manchuria once controlled by China, rapidly seized the reins of government from transformed from the position "of an the worthless rulers of the Ming

inferior crace to that of a first-class Am&rica, brought: back new ideas power, .was brought home· ·to the and put their talents at the serv.ice thoughtful and influential student of their country. All the noted ttlclass when the Japanese fleet utterly formers were men of this type. " destroyed the Chinese navy and forts in Wei-hai-wei. The lesson was . The influence of Christian liter~­ further enforced by the victory over Russia. This was a most startling ture also and of Christian missions has been very marked and is be- coming more and more recognized.

THE ANCIENT CHINESE "COURT OF RIGHTEOUS (?) JUDGMENT".

IThese have now been replaced with modern courts modeled after those of Europe and Arheric.a revelation to the Chinese. Western Christian men have been plac~d in education and other sources of en- prominent positions in the governlightenment had also been at work ment service and have not found that for some time. The Government had their frank avowal of belief in the chosen able men to represent it in Christian faith has hindered them Europe and America, and these from attaining the rank even of brought back new ideas which bore Cabinet ministers. fruit. Veteran statesmen like H. E. Li Hung Chang· visited the great The First President powers of the West. Young men of ability, who were sent by. the Perhaps the greatest individual government to study in Europe and element in the change to the present form of government is in the person

·, . , THE: TRANSFORMATION OF CHINA'

pi. H. E. Yuan Shih Kai, the first still acknowledged in at least parts of President of the Republic. He dis- Mongolia and Tibet. tinguished himself first as an officer in. the Chinese army, when fighting One of the most astounding changes the Japanese on the banks of the of recent times has been the sum- Yahl river. Subsequently he became mary suppression of opium growing the Governor of Shantung, in place and opium traffic throughout China. of the notorious Yu Hsien, who mas- The government practically forced sacre-d so many missionaries in Tai the British and Indian governments ytlari fu. Yuan was then trans- to discontinue' this infamous traffic, ferred to Tientsin, as Viceroy of the and has thus brought to a close what PrQ~;ii:)ce . ofChihli, and gained the goodwill of. the foreign community PRESIDENT YUAN SHI-KAI hy his lavi~h hospitality. When called to 'the, support of the tottering The Modern Ruler of China Manchu Government he found the forces ,in opposition too strong for has been for so long a disgrace to hini, and· he was suddenly thrown out the British nation. of office. He retired. to his ancestral home in the Province of Honan and Equally drastic measures have quietly awaited.· the dCrMJuement. been taken against rebellion and in- After four years the Manchu Gov- ~ompetence in the Parliament. Four ernment recalled him when the revo- hundred members were summarily I~ltion broke out, and by consummate expelled and the remainder were left skill and patience he persuaded the powerless to act. Careful selections Manchus to retire and to accept the new republic.

President Yuan has succeeded beyond all expectation. This is freely admitted by alI who are able to take a just estimate of the difficulties. to be faced and overcome and the large measure of success already attained. That the new RepUblic, tho now only two years old, has been able to put down a very formidable rebellion is a very notable instance of its virility. Loans have been negotiated with the Quintuple group representing the leading financiers of Europe, and these have been secured on fairly equal terms, and without loss of dignity on the part of the Republican Government. The rebellious soldiers have been quelled and brought to obedience, and the rule of China is

THE ANCIENT EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF CHINA Rows of old Examination Stalls. used £o.r Civil Service examinations based on the writings o f Confucius. T hese have now been torn down to make way for modern univ ers ities will have to be made in the prov- the westernized student class in the inces if the Parliament is to work government service. These young harmoniously with the Executive for men exercise a wide influence in the the best interests of the country. various parts of the country from which they come.. Sunday is now Religious Changes observed as a rest day in all the gov- ernment offices and colleges, and all Another .very significant evidence students are free from class attend- Df change is the attitude of govern- ance on that day. The temples are ment and people toward Christianity. largely forsaken by intelligent people, Heathen practises and superstitions and those who frequent them are in have largely lost their hold on the the main the peasantry, the largest minds of, the people. Idolatry is fast proportion of them old women. becoming obsolete, especially among

TRANSFORMATION OF CHINA

One instance of the decline in and girls are being brought up to idolatrous practises is that the pil- despise the idols in the temples and grimages made to the sacred moun- to worship the only true God. In tain of T'ai Shan, in Shantung, are the surrounding country are found reduced very considerably in recent thousands of Christians, and the years. This mountain is the most chair coolies, who carry VIsitors up famous of the five sacred mountains the mountain side, are Mohammeof China, on whose heights Yao and dans. Shun, the ancient kings, worshiped, and where Confucius himself bowed Christian schools, Christian liter- ature, evangelistic preaching, and MODERN SCIENTIFIC EDU CATIoN IN CHINA The main haU of the Christia.n Institute at Tsinanfu. Shantung down. The pilgrims to the temples patient, persistent teaching in every and shrines onT'ai Shan used to large city and in many villages have come from all parts of China and brought idolatry into general disher dependencies, and were said to repute. number over a million persons from all ranks and classes. In 1912 I In the city of Tsinanfu, where I found the road up the mountain am now residing, immense changes almost .deserted and no one seemed have taken place in recent years. In to be in any of the temples. On~ <)f the year 1900, at the time of the the priests confest that in rece,_,' Boxer troubles, the inhabitants of years the attendance had largely de- this city were in intense excitement, clined. Three missions are repre- so much so that aU foreigners had sented· in the city of Taian, at the to retire to the coast. Now there are foot of the sacred mountain. In the hundreds of foreigners peacefully mission schools hundreds of boys residing in the city, attending their various vocations. Their lives have

been carefully preserved through all Museum would do great credit to the recent revolutions. Preaching is any town or city in England or daily and nightly carried on to America, and is unique as being hundreds, and at times even to thou- wholly devoted to the Christian prosands of interested hearers. There paganda. This building is visited by are here three Protestant places of hundreds of thousands of persons of worship and two Roman Catholic all ranks and classes annually, and ANCIENT SUPERSTITIOUS RELIGIOUS OBSERYANCES IN CHINA The famil~ engaged in the worship of ancestors cathedrals, with thousands of wor- all who come get some knowledge of the Gospel of salvation. shipers in constant attendance. Al! this progDess has been made There is a Christian Institute,* whose within the last few years, and the triumphs already achieved are but a doors are open every day of the week foretaste of the still more wonder- ful advance which we may venture and often at night. The Institute to prophesy will be accomplished in the near future in this thoroughly *There is an Institute building, designed for the awakened, the fast-changing China. use of the soldiers of the garrison, numbering some "These are days when we witness the thousands of men, the only Chinese Soldiers' In- birth of a new civilization in one of stitute in China. There i. a Y. M. C. A. for the the greatest nations on earth." young men and students; a kindergarten, with 200 pupils; live Sunday-schools, with hundreds in attendance. A medical college, with some SO students, and a hospital, with 100 beds, will soon be attached to it. The Arts College, from Weihsien, and the Theological College and Normal School, from Tsingchoufu, in connection with the Shantung Christian University, are to be removed, and are planned to be built outside the south suburb wall, close to the Institute and Medical College in Tsinanfu.

CHINA EXEMPLIFIED IN NANKING CHRISTIAN

Students of Nanking University marching to celebrate the first anniversary of the establishment of the Chinese Republic A Notable Union Work In China THE INTERDENOMINATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF NANKING BY PRESIDE:-<T A. J. BOWEN, NANKING, CHINA ANKING offers the cial evangelistic associations, in which Chinese and foreigners unite to make IlNJ'~ most .striking illustra- their work more effective. The uni- tion of thoroughgoing fying power of a great and common and successful union task is breaking down denominational work in China. It is, barriers, as the real object of our ~ however, only typical, task is more clearly realized-the for similar UDlon educational work is winning of men and of nations to carried on with great success in half allegiance to Jesus Christ. a dozen other large centers, and co- operation in a lesser way is prac- The Growth of Union Work in Nanking tised in many smaller centers. Union effort is not limited to educational The union work in Nanking had work, for 1110st of the translation, its origin in prayer and in deep printing, and distribution of Chris- searching of heart. The missionaries tian books in Chinese is done by did not sit down and, in their wisinterdenominational societies. dom, reason out that union was sen- sible and best. Neither did they drift Evangelistic work is permeated by into cooperative relationships. All are a very large spirit of cooperation and profoundly convinced that God Him- federation, and nearly all of the self has been leading them. Prayer and eighteen provinces have now provin- heart-searchinghav·e brought greater

faith ancI trust in His leadership, and awakened Chinese young women who have made ;].11 eager to follow His will. desire a larger life and service. The management is in the hands of a local Nanking has been benefited, also, in Board of Directors representing the the spirit of fellowship that has missions participating. marked its missionary history from its earliest days. The union institu- Dr. Tsao, a very efficient Chinese tions there are a tribute to the pio- physician, is in charge, and carries neer missionaries, who so imprest forward successfully the work begun their spirit upon the standards and by the late Dr. Lucy Gaynor. ideals of mission work that obtain in Nanking. The University of Nanking began its actual work in February, I91O, by Union educational work was first combining the h i g her educational undertaken by northern and southern work of the Presbyterian, Disciples, Presbyterian churches, who joined in and Methodist missions in Nanking. conducting a Union Theological Sem- About a year previous to this, the inary in I906. Later, the Disciples Presbyterian and the Disciples had and the northern and southern Meth- effected a union, and these, with the odists entered into the plan to form Methodist school, form the present inthe Bible Training-School and the stitution. The work illustrates many Affiliated Schools of 'Theology. It of the advantages and possibilities of was thought best to work together union enterprise. a few years before completing the formal organization, and merging the In the spring of I9I I the East property. Five Chinese Christians China Union Medical College was oract with an equal number of foreign- ganized and located in Nanking, iners on the Board of Management, and cluding the three missions in the Union the faculty, Two courses of in- versity, the northern and southern struction are offered, Oile for men Baptists, the southern Presbyterians, with coIl e g e preparation, and the and the southern Methodists. At first other for men with less preliminary this Medical College had a separate training. About one hundred stu- board of managers, was on an independents are now enrolled, and the in- dent financial basis, and in all restitution has the warmest support of spects independent of the University. the Chinese in all of the churches of Each mission was to furnish a physithat region. The theological de- cian on the teaching staff, $2,000 for partment is entirely independent of property, and an annual grant of the University, tho there is close co- $300 for running expenses. Having operation between faculties and stu- no buildings or adequate equipment dents, in the beginning, its students lived in the University dormitories, and used The Union Nurses' Training-School its class-rooms and laboratories. As was founded in I908 to train young yet only two classes of students are Chinese women as nurses in homes under instruction, a beginning class, and hospitals. Seven denominations and those who were studying mediare supporting the institution, and its cine in the various mission hospitals. graduates are in great demand. This offers a splendid field for the newly The Union Bible Training-School for Women was organized in I91O,

A NOTABLE UNION WORK IN CHINA

but did not begin work until two The East China Union Medical years later. Seven societies are sup- College became the Medical Departporting this school, and its students ment of the University in 1912, and are chosen from the various mission came under its Board of Managers Bible training-schools and from the and Board of Trustees. Eight physigirls' high-schools. It aims to give cians, with the highest qualifications, only advanced courses of study. are on the staff of this department. It is acquiring its own hospital, and During the summer of 1913 a is erecting an operating pavilion at Un ion Women's College for the Yangtse Valley was projected, to be the cost of $5,000. The University located in Nanking, but actual work has not yet been started. Some ten staff of phyeicians, together with th" or twelve women's societies are in- other 'physicians in the city, and the terested in this enterprise, and it may Nurses Training-School, will operate fill a growing need and occupy a a small hospital for foreign patient large place in the future development that has been built recently in Nanof "young China." king.

A Typical Union University About a year ago representatives of the Hangchow Medical College, con- The development of the University ducted by the Church Missionary Somay be taken as an example of union ciety, met with the authorities of the edt1cational possibilities in Chi n a. University, and worked out a satis- What has taken place in Nanking is factory basis of affiliation. This also taking place, in general, in five or medical school for thirty yeats has six other centers in the Republic. The been doing very effective medical basis of union is that each fully co- teaching under the able direction of operating mission shall provide $40,- Dr. Duncan Main.

000 in property or money, support In the winter of 1911, when the revolution began, most of the misfour teachers, and make an annual sionaries were obliged to leave the interior, and a very successful Langrant of $3,000 for current expenses. guage S c h 0 0 I was conducted in Shanghai. Twenty-seven societies All property, even that originally were represented among its students owned by the Missions' Boards, has and teachers. This experiment led been turned over to a Board of Trus- to the expression of a strong desire tees in America, who are elected by for a permanent language school conthe Mission Boards. It is not an af- nected with the University. The first filiation or a federation, but an or- year of this new department (1912) ganic union, that can acquire and was successful beyond our highest exhold property in its own right. It is pectations, and its sec 0 n d year incorporated under the laws of the opened with about fifty in attend- State of New York, whose Regents ance. It is expected that this Lanpass upon candidates for degrees. On guage School will render very large the field the missions appoint mem- service to the whole missionary combers on a Board of Managers to rep- munity of central China. resent the Trustees and the missions, and to have general direction of the A Teacher-Training Department institution.

THE PLAN OF THE QUADRANGLE OF NANKING UNIVERSITY was opened in 1912, and rendered this department is one of very great very effective service when the re- importance. volt of 1913 closed all government and private elementa'ry schools in University Relief Work Nanking. Many of the old classics teachers were out of employment and The very distressing famine of destitute, and all of their movable 191 I-12 in the regions north of the possessions had been taken by the river from Nanking sent thousands soldiers. They had no western learn- of refugee families south seeking reing, such as must be taught in gov- lief, and Mr. Joseph Bailie, one of ernment schools, and their lot was a the University staff, was set aside to hard one. As a means of affording help distribute foods and supervise relief, sever.ty-five of these old clas- relief work. He was so instrumensics teachers, selected upon examina- tal in interesting the Chinese in more tion from nearly three hundred ap- permanent forms of relief work that plicants, were received into the train- the University has been glad to have ing departments, and were given a him devote all of his time since then short course in the elements of west- to two lines of work for the poor, ern education, and some modern ideas which give splendid promise of great of effective methods of teaching. The usefulness to China. The one is· the Relief Committee has given the Uni- conducting of experimental work in versity some financial aid to make it planting tens of thousands of trees possible to take in these men at ve·· on one of the barren mountains just little cost to themselves, for they had outside of Nanking, where nearly a little to give in the way of fees. thousand acres of mountain-side h]~ been acquired. The other is an ex- The need for trained teachers to periment in colonization work, wher:: man the government, private, and families from the famine regions are mission schools is so pressing that enabled to settle on the large tracts

THE NORMAL SCHOOL BUILDING AT NANKING UNIVERSITY of waste land thirty to forty miles ated, but it is also entering into larger north of the city. In this region large relationships with the four provinces areas 116 waste, which, before the Tai of east central China. Plans are be- Ping rebellion, were cultivated and ing perfected for the closest possible populous. The Chinese gentry and coordination and affiliation of all of officials have turned over nearly ten the educational work. of these provthousand acres of this land near La; inces , with their popUlation of nearly An-hsieti. to Mr. Bailie's Colonization one hundred million . Nanking is Association, which is composed of looked to as the center for the unirepresentative Chinese officials, mer- versity work of this part of China, chants, and scholars, and foreigners . and most of the neighboring colleges Refugee families who have proved are discussing a basis of union or afthemselves worthy are being located filiation with the University. The on this tract of land. When another aim of those engaged in educational serious famine comes, a group of six work in east central China is to deor eight destitute families will be set- velop a unified system of education tled about this already established for that region, with practically unifamily, and will be taught by them form courses, leading from primary how to make this land productive schools through the University. enough for self-support. Some Advantages of Union Through this kind of work the University hopes to demonstrate to Many advantages result from this the Chinese that the barren hills and union work at Nanking. It has broadunproductive wastes can be made to ened the vision, as well as the scope, support life and yield a fair income. of our possibilities. Enterprises are being successfully carried forward The Union University is not only seeking to render varied service to the community in which' if is situ-

that never would have occurred to Moreover, this union work is placanyone mission or church to try sin- ing before a r~pidly growing Chinese gle-handed. Union has made an ade- church the right ideals of Christian quate educational program not only life and fellowship. The Chinese will desirable but possible and essential. surely find it more difficult to' believe that the Father sent our Lord into Again, union in Nanking is dem- the world if we carry into our work onstrating to the mi-ssions and to SOME RECENT GRADUATES OF NANKING UNIVERSITY churches in the home lands that dif- for them the dissensions that apparferences in doctrine, government, and ently so often actuate Christian peopractises are not of sufficient import- ple in America. It is a commendable ance to keep the most diverse bodies effort to answer our Lord's prayer apart when they realize the great- "that they may be one that the world ness of the task before them, and the might believe." We, who by our very opportunities pressing on every side. profession claim to be teachers of the Practical, effective, Christian union glorious Gospel of Christ, the Gospel is possible in China. The question of love and of humble service for will arise) with ever-increasing fre- others, must exemplify its spirit in all quency, and with more and more in- of our relationships with other Chrissistence in the home lands, "Is not tians. These union enterprises put greater union and cooperation at us in a rdationship of the largest home as advisable and as imperative possible service to those whom it is as it is in non-Christian China?" our duty to serve.

War and German

BY M. SCHLUNK, INSPECTOR OF MISSIONS, HAMBURG, GERMANY HE war has descended and money. Unspeakable privations and an iron will are requisite to . like a dreadful fatality. success, but we are firmly convinced T For years its shadow that it could not be the will of God that the crime of Seraiewo should had repeatedly dark- remain unavenged and truth and justice be disgraced. Thousands m ened the horizon, but have learned to pray again, the thanks to the efforts of church services have been visited our Government, together with the more than ever, and behind the strong will of our Emperor, the evil fighting army stands a praying nation. has again and again been removed. ·This time, however, it was not to be. We have also felt the war to be a Indeed, only one opinion prevails judgment. The whole nation is among the whole German nation, that bowed before God in earnest penithe Emperor and the Government tence; it is willing to accept whathad used every possible means con- ever punishment God considers necessistent with German honor, patience sary. 'ATe can not believe that we and forbearance, to prevent the cat- are responsible for the war, for we astrophe. Finally, however, as our feel, with our Emperor, that we are enemies continued their armaments acting in self-defense. Russia was the whole German nation, regardless joined by France, France by Great of political parties, recognized that Britain, and these by Japan. We war for the defense of the father- were surrounded by arms on all land was inevitable. Millions of sides. The deep earnestness of our Germans left their homes, their nation grew and our watchword refamilies, and their work; high and mained: God is still our mighty and low hurried to take up arms to safe stronghold. The enemy can not defend the existence and the honor overpower us. of their native land, or else to devote themselves to the work of Christ Effect on Missions behind the battle-scenes, under the sign of the Red Cross of Geneva. One must be aware of the feelings The whole German nation is united of the German nation in order to in a desire that by conquest we may comprehend the effects which the war obtain a warrant for a lasting, has had on our missionary work. honorable peace. At the moment when mobilization began, missionary work at home came The tide of national enthusiasm to a standstill. The missions at engendered a wave of religious Basle, Barmen, Berlin, Niesky, and awakening and deepening, for which other centers, were obliged to close many have long been wishing. We their seminaries at once, because are all aware that great sacrifices nearly every able-bodied pupil must be made, sacrifices of noble hastened to report for military or lives, sacrifices of strength, health

sanitary service. The teachers of the Several mission boards, however, missionaries volunteered for pastoral managed to remit the most necessary work or other service. Thus the amounts at the beginning of hostili work at home decreased considerably. ties. The missionaries in all the Missionary festivals were also stopt foreign fields have been obliged to in the first weeks, not only because attempt a new organization of their all railroads were placed at the dis- work, in order that they might mainposal of the Army, but also because tain it independently, spiritually as the general interest was so absorbed well as economically, with a reduced by the war that nobody could give a staff of European workers. This thought to such festivals. refers chiefly to the numerous mis- sions in British colonies. The minds The effect was also immediately of all have been somewhat eased by felt in the missionary income, which the British authorities allowing a for a short time entirely ceased, so continuation of our work under certhat it appeart?d as if the war would tain conditions. It has been possible cause the missions the· greatest fi- also to maintain a slight connection nancial difficulties. This would have between the leaders at home and the been all the more fatal, as many mission fields by way of neutral German societies were in a very countries. critical situation. The Moravian Mission had not given up their work The greatest uneasiness, however, in Unyamwezi, German East Africa, has been aroused by the opening of notwithstanding great difficulties; the hostilities in the German protector- Berlin' Missionary Society had begun ates. Samoa and Togoland, West a very successful campaign against Africa, were first attacked, then the the ever-returning deficit, and hoped Japanese attacked Kiau-chau, and at at last to balance their accounts last nearly all the German protec~ without new debts. The North Ger- torates have been drawn into the fight. man Missionary Society saw its debts This has caused great difficulties to growing in an alarming manner. the German missionary societies. First Thus the most disastrous catastrophes of all it has compelled the German were threatened. Governor, because of the small number of defenders, to call also Great Britain's share in the war the missionaries capable of military disturbed the world's traffic and ren- service to take up arms, notwithdered matters more alarming. Mis- standing their ordination. By these sionaries on the way from the mis- means the North German mission in sion fields to their homes might be- Togoland was robbed of almbst half come prisoners of war and communi- of its small number of workers, and cation with 'the missions would become the messengers of peace fought for impossible. England has captured life, against white and black soldiers. German missionaries who were out- In the same manner the missions of ward bound, and by the disturbance the Berlin, Barmen, and Basle soof facilities for exchange has pre- cities in China, Province of Canton, vented the German missions in the were robbed of a large percentage of British territory from receiving the their workers, because the Governor necessary means for their existence.

WAR AND GERMAN MISSIONS

needed them for the defense of Kiau- devotion to mission congregations. chau. The missions in Kamerun, In answer to appeals sent out the German East Africa, and in the Boards have received from known Pacific Islands, from which no news and unknown friends large and small has been received, have doubtless gifts. Soldiers at the front have sent had a similar experience. remittances from their pay. Letters as well as personal interviews have The great cause of regret is that the proved that the religious wave ~hich missions have become the scenes of has caught the whole nation has also conflict. How insignificant are these reached the missions, and has deep- exterior obstacles and disturbances in ened the devotion to the missionary comparison with the fact that, in a cause. This explains why some of decisive hour, the leading nations of the German missions have had even Europe that conduct these Christian higher receipts than last year. If missions, are engaged in this war the receipts of other missions have which involves the destruction of decreased and keep on decreasing the work of missions. during war time, it must be accepted as inevitable, considering the many This war of the world renders the gifts for the alleviation of the suffer- mission fields, designated by the ing engendered by the war. There Edinburgh conference as most im- will be no permanent loss to German portant, a prey to the ravages of war financial power, nor is there any and incites heathen against Christians. danger of a famine, rumors of which We feel that this is the greatest blow have been spread abroad. There is that could have been struck at the no fear of lasting. financial damage missions of the world at the present to the German missions. time. The nations which had repre- sented Christianity so much all over In view· of these facts, which have the world should do everything in become apparent during the first .their power to extend the Kingdom months of the war, the leaders of the of God, and to prevent such im- German missions have declined to measurable damage. The natives in accept help from British as well as these heathen lands ought not to see from neutral parties. When British the horrors of a war between the friends of the missions offered to leading evangelical nations of Europe. help our German missionaries abroad, The blow to Christian ideals and we begged them to transmit this aid standards is of far greater conse- to the French Protestant mission, quence than the financial difficulties which is in great straits. Fraternal due to the disruption of commerce aid was asked only for the mission- through the war. aries on the battlefield in case of need; so far as financial aid is con- Immediately after the first excite- cerned, we reserve the right to re- ment had subsided following the fund the money advanced. German breaking out of the war, it be- missions have also willingly received came evident that there was no pres- the aid of neutral friends, to keep . ent danger of financial damage to in some touch with the mission fields German missions. We have been put abroad. to shame by the way in which the evangelical churches have shown their

We confide in the financial power prevent the truth from being known and the warm-heartedness of the Ger- in neutral countries. We can only man Christians, without the slightest pray that the British nation will learn doubt that they will readily give all the truth with reference to Germany, that is needed to pay the debts in- since an understanding and conficurred during the war, as well as for dence can only be based upon truth. the continuation of the tasks imposed upon us by God. As to the tasks which await us after the war only one thing is cer- There rests upon us a heavy sense tain: no matter which way the scales of responsibility and anxiety as to are turned, only a Christian nation, the future cooperation and unity ready for any sacrifice to God, will with British Christians. The German be able to solve the problems which nation feels keenly the war as a will confront us aftee r the war. wrong that has been caused by Eng- Therefore, our earnest prayer is that land. This feeling is increased by God may purify His people in Gerthe many false and, for the greater many by the hardships and the judgpart, senseless reports, that are being ment of the war, and will thus make spread abroad, and the attempts to them more worthy of His service.

British Christianity and the War ·BY BASIL MATHEWS, LONDON, ENGLAND Author of "Livingstone, the Pathfinder," etc.

~~.=..~O/ N all the "far-fiung conciliation. Of both war and mis- battle line" of modern sions, we can say, they have their missions, wherever the center in Europe, but their Clfcum- Gospel has been ference is everywhere. preached (outside the Even as I write Turkish soldiers Americas), the boom of bent on war are rolling down the cannon and the crack of rifle have railway line from Damascus to been heard. The beacons of war Arabia and passing the little station have blazed from Tsing-tau to Mad- . where you get the glorious vista of ras, from Penang to Paris, from the blue waters of Galilee, and where Samoa and the islands off Papua to the good news of Christ's missionary the Orkneys and the Baltic, from kingdom was first preached. Zanzibar through Central Africa Is it true, then-as we have been (where one 0 f our missionaries tells told by Professor Cramb-that "Corus "Hell is let loose") to the sica has conquered Galilee?" Has 'Kamerun country; from the South of the "decisive hour" of Christian mis- Africa (where Moffat and Living- sions been lost, never to return? Has stone pioneered for peace) to Salon- Nietzsche (whose disciples are not ica and the Gulf of Smyrna, where confined to Germany) thrust the Paul proc1aim~d the Gospel of Re- "Pale Galilean" from' His throne?

CHRISTIANITY AND THE

Has the Church of the West left the women ever gathered together- harvest of the East to rot in the French and German, Dutch and fields while she beats her sickles into American, Japanese and Indian, swords? Is the name of our God British and Chinese, Negro and Norblasphemed in the East because of wegian. When we had entered the us? Will the brooding East at the hall we joined in that great prayer dawn of her new life declare, "We beginning "Our Father!" can not listen to the claims of a creed of love whose followers hurl Then we faced together the leap their whole energy of mind, body of Japan into her place among the and spirit into a wild Armageddon Powers, the awakening of China, the of slaughter ?", giant of the East who shook the worId as she rose from slumber, Our answer to the questions re- the seething unrest of renascent poses on two great evidences-first, -rndia, the onrush of Islam in Africa, the reality of our faith that Christ the impact of our traders in every is actually King, secondly the re- island of the Pacific, the most corded effects of war on missions in amazing synchronization of opportuthe East. nities and necessItIes for world- evangelization that Christianity has Effects of the War at Home ever witnessed.

But, first, I would like to illustrate To-day, however, in the hour of in a personal way the depth (as we opportunity, we have hurled all our have already shown the geographical forces, not into seizing it unitedly, breadth) of the effect of war on the but into destroying one another. Tohome field of cooperation in missions, day Dr. Richter and Herr Axenfeldt (that other great German missionary It was in a little restaurant in leader, who, not two months before Edinburgh, that I first met that chief the war broke out, moved the misamong the modern historians of sionary secretaries in England proworId-missionary enterprise-Dr. J u- foundly with a great exhortation on lius Richter-the Professor of the "Love") are in Berlin, and we are 'in Chair of Missions in the University England. Our nations are hurling' of Berlin. His eyes, through his shell and shrapnel at, one another till spectacles, gleamed with enthusiasm the very foundations of the walls of as we talked of the amazing promise the citadel of God which were laid which the World Conference, at at Edinburgh are shattered. From which we were then present, held sky and land and sea, with bomb within it for the future of the world. and shell, torpedo and mine, the labors of our love are being blasted Then we walked back together to to pieces. the great hall and stood at the top of the great stone steps that lead Yet even here happy qualifications up from the iron gateway and the are needed. On the side of interflagged courtyard into the Assembly national cooperation. as between the Hall. The sight, unique in all human British and the great German sociehistory, seemed to authentica.te our ties, which have over eight hundred hopes. Up the steps came the most German missionaries on British terwonderfully varied body of men and

ritory in South India and South and sympathy, and for their readiness Africa, cooperation is, for the time, to render any .possible assistance to smashed! But a fraternal letter received in December by the London German missions which may be in Missionary Society from the German Ausschuss, a Committee equivalent distress. . to the North American conference of Boards, in answer to a message of "It is a great thing for us and for fraternal greeting from our directors, our isoIated missionaries in the field reveals the opening already of a new era of possibly deeper understanding that our common faith in our Lord than ever. Jesus Christ, and the commission en- "Missions-Sekretariat, Basel, trusted to us 'by Him, is a bond of "18th November, 1914. unity which links together, those who "To the Secretaries. of the are widely differing in political con- London Missionary Society. viction and national feeling and makes "DEAR FRIENDS, them ready to help and serve each "We have received, through the Rev. other. F. Wiirz, two precious documents from your Society. "As the war is going on and pressing "The one was the Resolution passed more and more severely upon all conby the Directors of your Society on September 29th, regarding the War ditions of life nearly all over the and Continental Missions, and expressing to Continental ?vfi~sionary Societies, world, many opportunities will arise both French and German, their' deep Christian sympathy in the serious diffi- for the mutual exercise of such Chrisculties entailed upon them by the present disastrous war. tian fellowship, and in many cases German missionarie, will be among "The other was an extract from the Minutes of your South· India District those who need this comfort most, Committee, dealing with the trying con- owing to the difficulty of communicadition of German missionaries in that part of India, with copy of a most kind tion between their home-country and letter of sympathy addrest to them. nearly all their fields of labor. Ve "Both documents have been brought to the knowledge of the German Mis- wish to assure you that every act of sions-Ausschuss, while the resolution ()f your Directors, which you kindly sent kindness and every encouragement us in several copies for distribution, waf handed over to the leaders of German shown to our brothers and sisters in societies.. the field by their British fellow-work- "On behalf of the German Missions- ers, will be gratefully appreciated, Ausschuss' I would ask you to convey both by them and by us, and if, in the our sincerest thanks, both to the Directors of your Mission and to the course of events, British missionaries South India District Committee, for these expressions of their fraternal love should be in distress for whatever reason, we trust that they would find in their German brothers the same fraternal spirit which now characterizes their own actions.

"May it please God in His mercy soon to restore peace between the two Protestant sister-nations which have such an immense common task in the'

non-Christian world, and may they be drawn together even more closely than before in the service of our Lad Jesus Christ.

'Vith warm regards, I remain, dear friends, "Yours sincerely, "(Signed) DR. TH. (EHLER, "Chairman of the Missions-Ausschuss."

CHRISTIANITY AND THE WAR

By one of the great providences of was at war on the Continent, and God, the chairman of the Inter- when the Colossus of Napoleon national Continuation Committee of straddled over Europe, that the the Edinburgh Conference is an modern missionary movement had its American, a neutral; and is one of period of greatest growth. The Bapthe greatest reconciling personalities tist Missionary Society, founded in in the world to-day. British and 1792, the London Missionary Society Germans may not talk to one another in 1795, the Church Missionary Sothrough the smoke of war, but we ciety in 1799, the Religious Tract can talk with Dr. John R. Mott. In- Society in 1800, and the British and deed, he who has been thrice invited Foreign Bible Society in 1804, with by President Wilson to become the the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary American Ambassador in Peking, Society in 1813, started their world knows the men of leading in London, enterprise for the kingdom without Paris, Berlin, Vienna, Petrograd, frontiers. Constantinople, and Tokyo, and commands the confidence of four con- It was when bread was IS. 5d. a tinents, may easily become a factor quartern and 3 per cent. stock of supreme importance when the feU to 54~; when King George was hour for peace approaches. hooted as he opened Parliament and assailed thl'oughout the streets with War and Missions in History yells of "Give us bread"; it was when all England trembled at the If this is the situation to-day, what V1Slon of Napoleon sailing from is the story that history has to tell Calais to invade our shores, that our of the relation of war and missions. intrepid forefathers, while success- The story is as full of radiant and fully holding their own at home, steadying cheer as it is of apparent launched out on their great campaigns patadox. of peace abroad.

The first modern missionary so- Not only have missions been initiaciety, the Society for the Propaga- ted in war time, but in subsequent tion of the Gospel, was founded in wars have carried on their campaigns 1701, during a period in which we with extraordinary vigor. The Criwere at war with France, when a mean War in 1854-55, with the war French invasion was threatened, and with China· and the Indian Mutiny seriously contemplated. The great following hard on its heels, strained epoch of foreign missionary advance the resources of Britain. But the from 1790 to 1815, when most of the story of the Society for the Propagreat societies were formed and when gation of the Gospel, the London the Society for the Propagation of Missionary Society, B~ptist Missionthe Gospel itself took on a more ary Society, and Church Missionary specially foreign missionary cha.r- Society, indeed of all the great soacter, was one of devastating war cieties during these years, is one of accompanied by terrible domestic advance. The facts of the Francoscarcity. Prussian war years also reinforce strongly the evidence that war, by It was thus, in the Revolutionary some strange quickening of symand Napoleonic era, when Britain

pathies, stimulates the support of the Then men are declaring on al1 missionary enterprise. hands that this must be the "War that will end war," the men with The experience of all the mission- the greatest vision are seeing that you ary societies during the months fol- simply can not end war even by the lowing the British declaration of war united will of Europe. Plans have been on August 4, I9I4, gives precisely made for a great armament factory in the same impression. In nearly every Peking-a Krupp or a Creusot for case the societies find their funds China. There can be no peace apart in a better position than they stood from Asia. In.a word, the cause of war in twelve months earlier. Intimate is a great paganism of heart, and the day-to-day contact with the corres- only hope of lasting and glorious pondence coming into one of the peace in all the world is the uni- British missionary societies shows versal reign of the spirit of Christme- that a large body of the sup- the establishment in all lands of the porters of Christian missions are Kingdom of God. resolved that, tho it may involve drastic sacrifice on their part, the I am filled with an unquenchabl~ great work of spreading the Gospel exhilaration and hope even in the of Reconciliation among races and face of this new hell, which, indeed, nations shall not flag in time of war. cries out for a new heaven and a new earth. The fact is that the British people, whatever war-drain may have fallen Corsica may have moment<rrily upon their financial resources, are eclipsed Galilee, but Corsica ended richer in spiritual assets than they in St. Helena, while Galilee, after were last July. Those fatal legacies the dark hour of Crucifixion, blazed of prosperity, the frivolous flippancy into the immortal glory of Resurrecand cynicism of spirit, the growing tion and the conquering progress of grossness and the sensuous preoccu- the enduring dominion of Christ. A pations, the querulous carping divis- light we never expected to see comes ions among our people, hClve all to-day from Christ's strange apocbeen scorched up in a flame of de- alyptic "When you hear of wars and votion. In every street in Britain to- the rumors of wars . . . then they day, the essential missionary char- shall see the Son of Man coming acteristic of Christianity-sacrifice, in power." With Christianity apcarelessness of personal safety in parent defeat has always been the devotion to a common cause, the gate of life, the Cross the prelude surrender of trivial differences for a of Resurrection. With the follower great unifying aim, simplicity of life, of Christ it is always true that: forgetfuiness of social anel racial barriers, endurance, generosity-all . . . We fall to rise these are more vital and active than Are baffled to figbt better they have been in the lifetime of any Sleep to wake. of us.

A Pastor's Missionary

MINISTERS OF WESTERN NEW YORK MEET TO STUDY EFFICIENCY BY DELAVAN L. PIERSON HE fratricidal strife in ~ absolute necessity to How may the message and power T . . Europe is but another of Christ be taken to the regions . proof that the religion beyond so as to enrich foreign fields without impoverishing the parish at of Jesus Christ is an home?

the human race," said These are some of the problems that confront every pastor, and the Col. E. W. Halford in his opening solutions. were convincingly presented in the recent convention of ministers address at Rochester. Creeds and at Rochester. The general compre- hensive theme discust was "The forms will not save the world. The Church at work for the Community, the Nation and the World," and seven power of Christ must be exprest in hundred ministers of the various evangelical communions in Western the lives of His followers in order New York met for a three-days' session (December 7th to 9th). They that men may know what Christianity represented churches with a combined membership of 150,000, and many of really is. It is time for the Church the pastors received a new conception of the function and power of the to reveal Christ or to get out of the ministry, a new realization of their vital relation to Christ, and a new way. vision of their responsibility and opportunity in leadership. "My people are destroyed for lack The program was unique. It was of knowledge," said God in the days planned and carried out by the Lay- men's Missionary Movement and only of Hosea, the prophet, and the people those who had a message born of practical experience were asked to of America and of the world perish take part. Each speaker revealed simply what God had wrought in to-day for the same reason. They him and through him. He spoke as a prophet, and the power to speak lack true knowledge of God, of the had cost him much in sacrificial servIce. world and its needs, of the marvelous The Foundations work God is doing in the world, and The foundations, on which the subof the power and methods that have sequent constructive work was built, were laid in the address by Mr. made modern miracles possible. Charles G. Trumbull, of the Sunday -Vho is responsible for this lack of knowledge and for the consequent destruction? In the olden days the priests and false prophets were charged with the neglect of duty.

Can the pastors escape responsibility for too often misleading their flocks and for failure to feed them with the right food?

How may sickly churches and church-members be revived?

How may idle and selfish Chris- tians be led into sacrificial service?

How may local congregations be made a power to transform the com- munity?

School Times in his simple narrative "By this the three great lacks or of how he had learned the great needs of my life have been miracusecret of efficiency-letting Christ live ously met: in him and work His will through him.! This young man had seen ( I) "There has been fellowship visions that had become realities, and with God . . . many men before him saw clearly the causes of their failures and the path- (2) "There has been victory over way to success. Among other certain besetting sins. . . . things Mr. Trumbull said: (3) "The spiritual results in service "There is only one life that wins have given me such a sharing of the and that is the life of Jesus Christ. joy of Heaven as I never knew was Every man may have that life; every possible on earth." man may live that life." The Rev. Hugh Burleson, the hon- "The resources of the Christian ored Secretary of the Domestic and life are just Jesus Christ." Foreign Missionary Society of the Protestant Episcopal Church, followed "If we would only step out upon with a powerful address on the "Test Christ in more daring faith, He could of Discipleship." do so much more for us." He said: "Are we points of con- "I 'had always known that Christ tact between the world and Christ was my Savior, but I had looked or points of resistance? Do we upon Him as an external Savior, one hinder or transmit His life and who did a saving work for me from Power?" the outside; one who was ready to come close along side and stay by "Are you seeking power for yourme, helping me in all that I needed, self or sharing it?" giving me power and strength and salvation. But now I know some- The Tests of Discipleship are: thing better; I realize that Jesus (I) "A realization of Jesus Christ Christ is actually and literally within and of our responsibility. The crisis me; and even more than that, He of missions is found not in the situhas constituted Himself my very being ation in foreign lands but in the (save only my resistance to Him), conditions existing in pulpit and pew." my body, soul and spirit." (2) "A practise of brotherhood, "This life that wins is the life of not patronage. What shall we think of Jesus Christ; it may be our life for the condescension of those who think the asking-in absolute, unconditional that it is a great benefaction for surrender of ourselves to Him, our them to give their brothers the wills to His will, making Him master things that their Father left to them of our lives as well as our Savior- in His will? we let Him enter in, occupy us, overwhelm us with Himself, yea fiIl "You can not keep your Christianus with Himself unto all the fulness ity unless you are giving it away. of God." (3) "Peace for the world. Give 1 See "The Life That Wins," Su..du.,-Sc/oooJ Christianity a chance. Men have Times. Philadelph.ia, 2c. each. said that education or science or international intercourse, or world commerce or great armaments would bring peace. They have failed. .Only

A PASTOR'S MISSIONARY CONFERENCE 1I3

Christ's message of world brother- causing his soul to shrivel, but he hood will avai!. The golden rule awoke to the danger and took a trip must be infused into national ethics." to the mission fields. When the sight of real heathenism struck him, avarice The Problem of Wealth left him and he determined to leave money-getting and devote himself to The place of money in a man's the business of missions. For some years he has given his services to the life and in church work was force- United Presbyterian Board of For- eign Missions and is now engaged in fully presented by two business men, promoting the Cairo Christian Uni· Mr. A. A. Hyde of Wichita, Kansas, versity. Mr Inness said: and by Mr. George Inness of Phila- "Ninety per cent. of the laymen can not defend their program of delphia. These men have known the life."

temptations and power of wealth and "Giving t.he Gospel to the man who never knew it is the essential have experienced also the joy and part of the layman's business."

satisfaction of surrender of their "Never have I met a non-Christian man in America who has not at some wealth for the larger work of the time consciously turned Christ down. The heathen have never had the Kingdom. They mercilessly brought chance."

home to the ministers their cowardice "When you cut the nerve of opu- lence, you will have no trouble in in failing to preach against the sin of securing ministers and missionaries."

covetousness and their responsibility "Until you have seen heathenism you can never really know why for leading wealthy parishioners to Christ came."

know the blessings _of stewardship. "Vhen a soul is lost that's awful; but when a whole nation is lost that Mr. Hyde, whose address will be is more awful."

published here later, related from his "The sin of unbelief took away Christ's life, but the sin of covetousexperience the ruin that had threat- ness has for 2,000 years deprived Him of His Kingdom." ened his family through wealth, the "When a man tips God with a blessing that had come through gratuity as he tips a colored porter on the train, the minister has a right reverses, and the new opportunities to hold him over perdition until he makes him give up." that a return of prosperity had "It is' the covetous rascal in the brought when money was wholly pews that makes the administration of the mission boards cost so much." consecrated to God. He said: "The life of the missionary abroad "The imperative message of the constitutes a challenge to you and to pulpit to the rich is the curse of material wealth selfishly used."

"As men's bank accounts and bonds and material investments in- crease, their souls shrive!."

One well-known philanthropist wrote: "This money I have given away (about 30 per cent.) is the investment that gives me most pleas- ure." Mr., George Inness2 was a banker, .a hardware and a lumber merchant and. had large investments in Cana- dian wheat lands. – Money was ¥. " -~ Se<i-"Why I Glad I Stopt Getting. Rich," etc. Laymen's M,ss,onary Movement, N. Y.

me to live the same kind of a life have (I) a program of intensive and of service and sacrifice at home." extensive education; (2) a program of prayer to include the whole "The world will be redeemed when world." the manhood of the Church is ready to walk with Christ to· Calvary." "The greatest human reality in the lives of constructive Christian leader- Work, Study and Prayer ship of all times has been interces- sion. The New Testament reveals The organized work of the Lay- only one activity of Jesus Christ men's Movement and the purpose, since the resurrection-He ever methods and results of the Every liveth to make intercession-there- Member Canvass were convincingly fore He is able to save unto the presented by the Chairman of the uttermost." Executive Committee, Mr. James M. Speers, and by Mr. J. Campbell "The climax of the spiritual equip- White, Executive Secretary and ment of the battling saint is inter- Chairman of this Conference.3 The cession-Take the whole armor of practical value of study and prayer in God . . . and over all prayer." the promotion of intelligent interest was set forth with power by Mr. W. Preachers and their Work E. Doughty, Educational Secretary, who said: Dr. Charles H. Patton, Home Department Secretary of the Ameri- "Now abideth information, obliga- can Board, offered some very praction, continuation, but the first of tical suggestions on "The Science these in importance is information." and Art of Missionary Preaching."4 and Rev. J. C. Robbins, Candidate "Facts are the fuel that keep mis- Secretary of the Student Volunteer sionary fires burning. If there is an Movement, told of practical ways in iceberg in your church, then you which recruits may be obtained for haven't been giving them the facts." Christian leadership.

"We need a program of education, Among the most helpf.ul addresses of prayer, and of enlistment for were those that revealed the definite service in every church." experience of ministers and laymen in the city and country parishes. "Great impulses will die out into Mr. Hyde narrated the remarkable whitened ashes unless we put them experiences of the organized "Gospel into a practical program." teams" in Kansas and Oklahoma; Dr. Worth M. Tippy described the "I was led to devote my life to successful work of Epworth Memthe missionary cause by contact with orial Church in Cleveland in making living missionaries, and by the study the church a community force;5 and of missions. At not one point in Dr. Harlow S. Mills thrilled his the development of my missionary audience as he pictured the way in passion was there a pastor at any which the narrow, apparently dying focal point to grasp my life and work of a country parish was revived thrust me out into service." "To be printed later in the REVIEW. "If we are to develop missionary 5 See "The Church a Community Force." Mis.. interest in a local church we must sionary Education Movement. New York.

• The literature on these subjects is available from the headquarters of the Movement in New York.

A PASTOR'S MISSIONARY CONFERENCE lI5

and made to serve the country and ation of our fellow ministers, the folthe world.6 lowing policy: Foreign missions were a vital part "I. That in private and public minof the program and after the ..d- btry we will strive conscientiously to dresses of Robert E. Speer7 and represent the Prince of Peace in His Professor Sam. Higginbottom7 and love for enemies in overcoming of evil Dr. W. F. Oldham, no pastor could with good, and His sacrifice rather than return to his field indifferent to the violence. That we will neither justify call of the world or unconscious of War, nor advocate preparation for it. the value of a world-wide vision and service to bring life and power even "2. That we will ever strive to cultito the local work of the church. vate a spirit of understanding and good- Dr. F. H. Divine, secretary of the will with ministers of all other com- American Baptist Home Mission munions, in order that we may in- Society, rendered a like service in telligently cooperate in our common presenting the "Divine Program of task of Christianizing the world. Home Missions." "3. As pastors, we recognize our re- Two sets of resolutions were sponsibility for leadership in the Uihole passed as one result of the interest 'lt orld program of Christ, and pledge awakened. One series' was adopted ourselves to a more intelligent and seriby the conference as a whole, and ous endeavor to that end. the other, somewhat shorter, was adopted as a policy by the 250 Bap- "4. That our people may be saved tist ministers present. This latter from the sin of covetousness and that we give below, as it indicates the they may enjoy the supreme privileges practical results looked for by them of partnership with Christ in some from the Convention. worthy degree, we pledge ourselves to a more serious study and promotion of "We believe this to have been the Christian stelmrdship of both life and mightiest Missionary Conference in the possessions. history of New York. "5. 'vVe solemnly pledge ourselves "The compelling facts and the in- anew to the intercessory life, and, as spiration of the Holy Spirit of God God's appointed leaders of the churches, have uplifted us all. We can not be we will do our utmost to get our church satisfied with our past ideals and members to give themselves to the life achievements as ministers, or with of intercession. We will also strive to those of our churches. We have seen, form intercessory prayer groups among as in the presence of God, the appeal- our members and among pastors of our ing need of the non-Christian world, communities with definite objectives. the unchristian destructiveness of War and the preparation for War, the small- "6. We agree to aid our members in ness and inadequacy of the church's undertaking a definite plan of soul present propaganda of her Lord's King- 7!'inning. dom, both at home and abroad. "7. We promise to report the message "Ve, therefore, earnestly indorse for of this Conference to our churches, ourselves and urge upon the consider- and we hereby agree to do our part to bring the same message to every Bap- 6 See "A Country. Parish," Missionary EduC3e tist church in western New York." tion Movement. A similar set of resolutions, in 1 To appear later in the REVIEW. even more elaborate form were adopted by the convention.

Some Pastors' Testimonies "In the past I find" that I have been trying to please men, now I The last two hours of the Con- am going back to lift up Christ before vention were marked by a calm but my people and to please Him." powerful overflow of heartfelt thanksgiving and purpose, exprest in brief *** sentences by the ministerial delegates. Those who had been accus- "This Conference has revealed to tomed to move multitudes of hearers me my mistakes. I am going back had themselves been moved in the with a new note and power 111 my deep springs of their lives. Prayer, preaching." Bible study, lifting up of Christ, personal work, a new missionary *** emphasis in preaching, were the impressions made. Here are a few "I have caught the passion of samples: Christ for the rescue of His·· Other Sheep." "I have received a clearer vision of the Cross and its meaning than *** ever before and have determined, with God's help, to practise more "I came here discouraged, with intercessory prayer and to do better the feeling that God had forsaken work for the Master." me; I go back to my field with new strength and courage." *** *** "This has been the greatest experience in my life. Christ has been "As a result of this Conference I more clearly revealed to me, so that expect that God will enable me to I have forgotten about myself, and bring things to pass in my own have more love" for His church parish and to lead my people to a and my fellow ministers. The other new sense of their responsibility for pastors of 'our town have agreed with the world." me to enter upon a united campaign to reach the whole community." *** *** "The possibility of Christ living in me has come with new power, and I "I have seen here that my own have a purpose to render sacrificial life must first be transformed before service." I can be used to transform the community." *** *** "I have learned to think in world- wide terms, and as a result have a "I feel that I have sinned against larger vision of God's program and God and my people in not giving my part in it." them a better vision of the worldwide work of God and our duty *** toward it." "I have a new idea of what God *** can do through consecrated man and am determined that He shall have "The Bible has been illuminated for an opportunity to use me." me in this conference, and I feel that I am going back to my work a new *** manl' "I have come to see that aU Chris- tians are one in Christ. The differ- ences do not count. Christ is all in" all."

A Business Man's Investments*

BY MR. A. A. HYDE, WICHITA, KANSAS ANY of us go through good member, as members go, in out- ward forms of religion and morality. EMJ life,and, after seeking the material things of The Lord blest me also in a mate- life, come to the con- ~ c 1u s ion reached by rial way, until ! came to be worth King Solomon of old: "Vanity of vanities, all is vanity." $roo,ooo–a pretty fair sum for a man in the West; but the thought John the Baptist came preaching: that their father had plenty of money "The, Kingdom of Heaven is at hand." did not have a good influence on my Then Christ came preaching: "The children. I think such knowledge Kingdom of Heaven is at hand"; and always tends to have a bad influence' when he gave instructions to his dis- on children. Mine were given to ciples and apostles, he said, "Go and pleasures, and some of them started preach, saying the Kingdom of Heaven on the, downward grade. If anything is at hand." This was nineteen hun- wrings the heartstrings of a man or dred years ago, and what do we find woman it is when their children are to-day? Is the Kingdom of Heaven on the road to ruin. Then the Lord here? Is this terrible war and those saw fit to take away the money, and, sixteen-inch guns-which the armies within three or four years, I found can not afford to fire unless they des- myself with $roo,ooo or more introy' a great number of men-bring- debtedness. ing the Kingdom of Heaven? Yet, I believe that the Kingdom of Heaven That was the greatest blessing to is nearer to-day than it ever was be- me and my children. They woke up to fore. the realization that it was not too late for them to mend their ways. We In God's sight, is the American na- passed through a few years of the tion doing any more to bring the bitter experiences of poverty, and yet Kingdom of Heaven to this earth we always had enough bread and than are the Kaiser and the King and butter, and could buy a soup bone the Czar? occasionally or some cheap meat. The father and mother, as well as the When I was seventeen I went West children, learned something of what to take a clerical position in a bank life meant during those years. in Kansas. After ten years I was married, and the Lord blest us with Then I went into another business, three girls and six boys. I was and the Lord prospered me so that brought up in a Christian family in money ,began to come in still greater New England, where I joined the abundance than before. I began to church in my boyhood, and, after- wonder whether I was going to have ward, was llsually considered a fairly the same experiences again. Instead of taking so much time for the daily * From an address at the Ministers' Convention in Rochester. December 7-9. 1914.

newspaper, I made a practise every n am e s of four or five hundred morning of taking a half-hour alone wealthy men and sent each one a with God's Word, with the door shut. letter asking about the satisfaction Thus I fed on God's Word, and asked they received from material invest- Him that we might not make the ments, and from what they were giv- mistakes of our early days, but that ing away for the upbuilding of God's we might train those children to ex- Kingdom. I received nearly' one hun- perience the true satisfactions of life. dred answers-one of the most strik- ing came from a philanthropic, well- The teachings of the Sermon on the known man of wealth, who wrote as Mount in reg a r d to accumulated follows: wealth came to me as a revelation, altho I had read them from my boy- "Those investments which have hood, and knew them by heart. turned out well have troubled me more than the losses. It is the dol- "Lay not up for yourselves treas- lars I possess that keep me anx- ures on earth, where moth and rust ious; my permanent investments have doth corrupt, and where thieves not made me a good man. I do not break through and steal." think money ever helps a man moral- ly, and he is a splendid man who can I had had experience with thieves keep money from hurting him. As breaking through and stealing accu- for money given for philanthropic mulated wealth, with banks failing, causes, the best investments I have and with stock worth $200 a share or ever made are the investments for more being declared worthless. A the common good. I generally number of enterprises that promised give away about 30 per cent of my large returns failed to materialize be- net income. These are the only incause of poor management, because vestments I have made that really of miscalculation in various ways, be- make me happy. The causes of need cause of change of circumstances. to which I have turned deaf ears hurt And, after worrying over these mate- like a wound. Money is a cancer, rial enterprises for years, and attend- and if we let it go it will kill us. Ining directors' meetings. and having herited money is a curse to our chilmy life shortened by anxiety over dren. There is a joy in making these investments, I saw that laying money by giving society value reup material wealth in this world did ceived. No man should bar his chilnot bring satisfaction, but brought, in- dren from that privilege." stead, distrust of my fellow man. I realized that accumulated wealth was That man's experience agrees with a source of worry, a shortening of the teachings of the Scriptures, and life, and deleterious to character, and if we would take part of the time that the time spent worrying aT every morning that we waste on the these investments and in attending newspaper and would study God's directors' meetings and looking over Word we would know what is worth reports, might be put to much better while in life. Such knowledge of advantage for my own satisfaction, the Bible is the great lack of the for the good of my family, and for Christian Church to-day. We are the benefit of the community. soldiers of the Cross, and do not A few years ago I secured the

A BUSINESS MAN'S INVESTMENTS II9

know God's "Book of Tactics." nor men of his church to a good dinner.

the plan of campaign it teaches us, I spoke to the best of my ability, nor how to obtain the true satisfac- and, afterward, stopt for a moment tions of life. We go through life before going to the train, to listen to as babes in Christ, and reach Heav- what the pastor said. Here it is: en, if we reach it at all, as stunted "Men, you have listened to this talk souls, because we have not God's by Mr. Hyde. This church has not Word in our hearts. been doing its duty in regard to for- When I awoke to a realization that eign missions. Our amount in the my own experiences bore Qut the church records is very small. Some teaching in the Bible, that accumu- of you men here could give ten dol- lated wealth was a curse, I next toO'( lars a year to foreign mlSlons just the second part, "but lay up' for as well as not."

yourselves treasures in h e a v en." There were bankers there who Most men who look for good invest- could have given $1,000 as easy as ments in this worId are always ready $10.00. It is a sin to deliver such a to listen to any man who has a first- message to men who are being curst class investment that will pay IO or by the devil. God says: "Ye can 20 per cent. profit. At first I not serve God arid mammon," and was willing to listen to such men, these men are serving mammon. It but after a while I began to look is the responsibility of the minister around with the same enthusiasm to preach this truth to them, and it for the Lord's investments. Most 0 ~ will do them good. I f you ask a us turn these opportunities down, on man for ten dollars when he is used the plea that we have so many ob1i~ to doing business in tens of thou- gations, and must look after ow Sands for his own benefit, he despises credit. Ve put money into material the· smallness of the enterprise. It things, and when God's causes come is belittling to the 'Kingdom of God, we turn them down. How many are and he knows it. If God has given there who seek God's investments a Christian man the ability and the first? One of the greatest mistakes opportunity to make money, He will that ministers make to-day is in their hold that man responsible for the way ministry to the rich. Nine times out he uses his money, just as He will of ten, a man of wealth, when well hold the minister responsible for the along in life, has learned that material way he uses his brains and his investments are not satisfying, are a opportunities to preach the Gospel.

curse to his children, and are short- Ministers have a right to say to any – ening his life. Most men of means man, "Your money is becoming a are not as helpful to society as be- curse to yotl. The Kingdom of God fore they became rich. Ministers is calling for money as never before, should go to men who are able to and never were the opportunities so give largely, and ask them for large great as to-day for building up the things. Kingdom of God. Consecrated men One minister wanted to start a are ready to give their lives in God's campaign for foreign missions, and service, but they have not the means invited about one hundred of the best of support, and it is the wealthy men

of our churches who are to blame." is forfeited. I have only raised God has poured out His wealth to $4,000, and the gentleman who wrote church-members in the United States that letter said that he knew a man as never before, and the means for in Wichita, Kansas, who usually had advancing the Kingdom of God ar money on hand for the Lord's causes, in every city, and are in evidence all and he gave we that letter to you." over this country. I put Mr. Gillette through a pretty Since I learned this lesson I have close examination as to his work, for made it my business to seek 0ppOI I thought that possibly the letter tunities for doing God's work, and might have been found by him. Then always try to have something on han(' he showed me a letter from Dr. for emergencies. Many opportuni- Howard Agnew Johnston, of Colorado ties are offered to me to make mate- Springs, that read about like this: rial investments, but I always have "On my r e c e n t missionary trip one answer to all: "My friends, I around the world, I had the pleasure have a better investment than you c of visiting the Association in Seoul, offer to me if you search the whole Korea, and can safely say that it is a world over." They usually open their worthy investment for anyone who eyes, and wonder what that is, so has money to invest. I have given that I get an opportunity to preach Mr. Gillette some money, and only the Gospel to them. regret I can not give him more."

I have had some wonderful exper!- I turned to Mr. Gillette, and said: ences. It is a pleasure to help when "That is a good letter; you can have men are at their wit's ends and are on your $1,000." their knees praying that God will in some way further His work in which Tears came into his eyes, and his they are interested. lips began to tremble, as he asked me if he could pray. That prayer brought About three years ago, one Satur- tears to my eyes, and the memory of day, at noon, a young man came to that day will last as long as I live. my office and handed me a letter of introduction from a man in Denv.er. r know what it is to receive good I read: "This will introduce to you Mr. F. B. Gillette, Secretary of. the dividends from investments, to cut Young Men's Christian Association coupons, etc., but the satisfaction that in Seoul, Korea. He will tell his comes from such an experience as story better than I can in pen an(' that is a thousand times more satisink." fying than the laying up of million,S of dollars in this world. The trouble Then the young man stated his case with men who lay up earthly treasas follows: "The International Com- ures is that their treasures increase mittee have given me permission to but their souls shrivel, and their come to the West to raise $10,000 characters are jeopardized. There for the equipment of our new build- are very few fortunes accumulated ing in Seoul. One man in N ew York these days without stepping beyond the bonds of brotherhood. will give $5,000 if I will raise $5,000 God help us that we may know more,' and unless at midnight to- how to use God's money so that God's night I have $5,000 raised the option Kingdom may be built up thereby.

STUDYING HOME MISSIONS AS A SOCIAL FORCE _

Maryland Ministers studying country·life problems at the State Agricultural College, in August, 1914 Home Missions as a Social Force BY REV. CHARLES L. THOMPSON, D.D., LL.D.

0 rapid has been the tion. Indeed, nothing of permanent value could remain because the eter- ISI development of social nal values of the future life were forces in mis.sion work the only ones. considered. that there is some dan- ger lest they hold too There is scarcely even a ruin to tell large a place on the where the feet of those early mis- stage of Christian activities. This sionaries trod. The record of their emphasis on social force is of recent labors is found in the volume of the growth. One need not go very historian, but never along the path far back in the history of missions to of their missionary enterprises. The discover an almost radical change of wilderness, a generation after their emphasis and perspective. labors, was empty of any sign that ever they had preached and toiled. Slowly at first, but steadily, the history of home missions in America Individual Evangelism has been a history of the broadening of its contents and meaning from the The evangelical missions of a hunindividual to the community. The dred years or more ago were also first missionary enterprises of the conducted almost wholly from the country were exclusively individual- standpoint of the individual. The istic. It was the man the missionary evangelists in the mountains of Kensought-the man in his relations to tucky and Tennessee gathered great eternity but separated from relations multitudes around them, preached a to the community in which he lived. gospel of personal salvation, wakened whole States to the call for the sur- The Jesuit mIssIons along the render of individual will to the will northern borders of the United States of the Master, but made little appeal were a crusade for individual salva- that was calculated to reform comtion-but that salvation meant only l11unities where those converts lived. the deliverance of the soul from fu- A t times social immorality even flourture penalties. As a result of those ished side by side with revival acmissions, which were heroic in the tivities.. highest degree, nothing of permanent The same may be said of the cirvalue remained to another genera-

cuit riders in. the Central West. sought that territory, and pledged There are no finer examples of themselves to missionary service for Christian heroism and the devotion its redemption. They were splendid of men who left eastern homes or men of iarge intellectual caliber, of went out from eastern seminaries at unsurpassed spInt and. devotion. the call of scattered settlers through- Wisconsin is a State of high moral out the vast regions of the Missis- ideals to-day largely because those sippi valley, They were burdened with men and others like them put the one great message,-the appeal for stamp of their devotion upon it in personal salvation, and the meaning the early days. Their work was of salvation itself centered largely, largely individualistic. In new and sometimes exclusively, around the scattered communities it is almost idea of preparation for death and necessarily so. The social forces had readiness for Heaven. Such work, scarce found themselves. The indiwhen successful, was marked by re- vidual, the family, the church-these vivals of religion which had a marked comprize the moral life of small hameffect on the moral tone of communi- lets and scattered communities. With ties. Multitudes pro fest faith in this limited impact on the growing Christ; they were enrolled as mem- life of the State it was quite natural bers in churches which grew, with that the minister should find the limitthe growth of the neighborhood, to be ing of his field and of his responimportant factors in the spiritual tone sibility. of those regions. It was scarcely, therefore, a matter This individualistic meaning of for surprize that the social forces of home missions continued far on to evil suddenly or slowly springing up recent times. It marked all the around him awakened the missionary western home mission development. to the fact that his ministry had not Under its influence churches were met all the needs of the people to founded, membership was increased, whom he was giving his message. and church ordinances were observed Moral and religious forces were not in thousands of western communities. adequately organized, and, with un- This work of the home missionary organized Christian elements, he was is responsible for any thing of high conducting a battle against evils enmoral tone now to be found in the trenched and growing strong almost villages, towns and cities of the West. before he was aware of their exist- Senator Hoar of Massachusetts, not ence. These evil forces were so long before his death, said on the thoroughly organized that he was not floor of the United States Senate able to meet them on equal terms. that he who would make record of Or, perhaps, seeing the enemy gainthe rapid advance of western civiliza- ing, and realizing that his message tion must take the home missionary was not equipping good people for into first account. successful battle, he has declined the fight, and has gone on preparing I recall the signal home mission people for death and Heaven, scarce achievements of Wisconsin as they knowing that this was not wholly were fifty years ago. A band of fulfilling the command of the Mashalf a dozen Princeton graduates

MISSIONS AS A SOCIAL FORCE

AN EXAMPLE OF HOME MIS SIONS 'AS A SOCIAL FORCE Italians studying English in classes at the Green Street Church, San Francisco terwhen He said, "Go and evangel- are emerging and confronting all ize all nations." good men which can not be dealt with by passive goodness. Christianity vV'e would not undervalue these is coming to a battle line which she did not elect-but which she can not early individualistic missionary la- decline. It is not too much to say bors-because always the individual that a spirit of intellectual unrest, tells on the community for good or regarding the province and capacity ill. A good man is, as Christ said, of our religion to deal with life in preservative salt and informing light. its social relations has come over Character tells far beyond any con- many earnest minds-an unrest scious intent. God has ordained that which is turning many people for the the Gospel ' of the Kingdom should time being away from the Church, act by contact; and whether men and making them inquire whether will it or no, what they are becomes there is not some better way to meet a force to make others like them. the troubles of society than any which the Church can suggest and Confronting Social Problema supply.

But the social force of home mis- Socialism is the concrete expression sions has a wider and more definite of that unrest. The Church has not meaning; a meaning prest on the accomplished what she was founderl consciousness of the Church by the trend o'f modern events. Problems

for-has not incarnated the spirit of gospel and tully meet her duties-not her Master-has not carried out His to individual men, but to men in program. Therefore, those who hold various corporate relations-this is these views seek for something else. her confession and the signal of her They will not find it. The panacea awaking strength. Nor is it to her for human ills, individu~l or cor- discredit that a battle call has forced porate, is not in denying or ignoring her awaking. Ever in all centuries the power resident in the Church, she has matched the occasions. She but in awakening its activity and giv- has been resourceful to meet what ing direction to that power. the times demanded. She has known The present time is full of signs for what time she has been called to that the Church must arise to her the Kingdom.

responsibility as the one efficient The time has now fully come when moral and spiritual force of the the Church must address herself to world, or she must lose her influence. meet and repair the wrongs of so- More is at stake than her orthodoxy. ciety, to which she has long been Her right to moral leadership is at measurably indifferent. At the best, stake. A few generations ago such she has been complaisant where she a statement would have been cause should have been antagonistic and for alarm, for not only was' the uncompromIsmg. If any say that so Church flat doing her full duty to- we will lose hold on or fail in em- ward the social life of the world, she phasis for the necessity of personal was not even – conscious of her fail- salvation it must be said that only ure, because no attack that threatened by maintaining that emphasis can her life was made upon her. Creeds there be any good hope for a suc- were questioned, and she defended cessful social battle. Only the men herself bravely and successfully. She and women who by personal faith and held her own dogmatically. The consecration have taken hold of the truth was hers-and hers was the hand of God-only they will be fit or logic by which she could maintain it. efficient in the broader struggle for But the attack has shifted. Men the redemption of men.

are not so much concerned about ~odern ~ethods the propositions in which the truth is formulated. They are now ques- Let us now glance at the lines tioning the life the Church is living along which the Church is trying to under the banner of those truths. meet her social obligations .in the Is she squaring herself with her doc- home mission enterprises. When the trines? In many past ages this ques- missionary was preaching only to tion would have had piercing power. scattered settlers on frontier farms, It still ha~ edge and point. But the his personal message may have one hopeful and assuring sign is in seemed to comprise his duty. To tell the fact that the question is no longer the man on the farm to be a good wholly from the outside. The man, a good son, husband, father, Church herself is raising it more and perhaps once a year to vote an sharply than her enemies. That she honest ticket, may have measured his has failed to fully interpret her own duty. But quicker than he could

realize, the settlement became a com- tion she alone can effectively give or munity, the village became a town, has thrown her power with worldly perhaps a city. Then came the at- powers that were increasing human tntlOns of life. People were thrown burdens and postponing human against each other-were bruised, brotherhood. beaten, enraged. Then came social alienations, conflicts-classes ranged The hopeful sign is that a change on this side and that. Injustice came is coming-has come. The Church, in, and with it came reprisals, and too slowly for her own good, but at before the preacher knew it he was last,. is taking her leadership in social in the midst of a battle. Civilization reconstruction. That leadership was was bringing on its problems. Life slipping away from her. Other and was no longer simple. It was com- less competent hands were reaching plicated and difficult and dangerous. for it. Now the missionary forces feel they must come to close quarters Now what had the preacher to say! with social troubles and heal them or Men were at war with each other, be beaten in their chief commission. and it was neither satisfying nor commanding to tell them to be good Take the questions of class antagand they would go to Heaven when onism with all that goes with them. they die. It is said it is no use to The Church was on the verge of talk peace just now to the contending losing .the people-and losing the hosts in Europe. They must first people would mean defeat. Not 10 fight it out. And so it is not enough per cent. of the working classes attendto speak eternal peace to men in an ed church. More than that, a feeling economic or industrial fight. They of hostility was growing up which. must first settle the battle on hand. boded no good for either Church or Show them the way to a right kind society. Working men in London of a victory in that battle and they while cheering the name of Christ will be ready for the next message. were anathematizing the C h u r c h. Something must be done. Within the So the gravest home mission prob- last decade something has been done. lem to-day is a social problem, and if the Gospel has any social force First, the Presbyterian Churchnow is the time to bring it out. Un- and in swift succession the Episcopal, Methodist, Baptist, Congregational, less the missionary in the mining and other churches, have addrest themselves to a social gospel for the camps of Colorado has conceived his meeting of social questions on the message in these ampler terms he is basis of Christian truth and the winhaving a hard time of it. He will ning of alienated or indifferent peopreach eternal hope to dull ears of ple back to the Church-the best those whose earthly life seems to friend of the working man. them an eternal despair. The Gospel ca~e to build God's Kingdom among The success of these efforts has men by establishing relations of jus- attested the willingness of people to tice, charity and brotherhood. That yield to the highest appeals and to Kingdom has not yet been built. Not acknowledge the old-time power of only so-too often the Church, the the Gospel over all classes and congreat builder, has declined the media- ditions of mankind. It were too

much to say that full success has been ed communities of the East; Indeed, achieved until the Church becomes the crowding largely makes the miscourageous enough to cIa i m her sion field-certainly in its social asright to speak to both sides in the pects. Hence New York is the greatconflicts between labor and capital, est home mission field in the country. and to speak with equal emphasis. There the greatest extremes meet, and She must not only be kind and con- there is the collision between classes, siderate to the one class, she must acknowledged or supprest, the sharpdare to impeach the other class with est and most threatening. its serious wrongdoing, with its greed and lust for power, and am- It is further accentuated by the bition for conquest. It is easy for race question also in its most acute the missionary in the slums of New form in the metropolis. And of the York to open chapel doors and give immigration question it may truly be welcome to over-burdened men and said the social gospel is the only women. It is not so easy for the effective solution. Unless Christian preacher on the avenue to arraign truth can be brought to bear on our capital for its merciless grip on those vast amalgam of races, all educaover-burdened people. But until pity tional and philanthropic movements and courage shall go hand in hand will largely fail. These aliens-not the missionary has a hopeless task. the off-scouring, but for the most part the best of the races, whence It is to be feared the equal em- they come, the people with vision and phasis is still lacking. Missionary longing and hope-need many things organizations are fairly well equipped at our hands; but nothing so much to meet the social needs growing out as a gospel not only of personal salof poverty and tl're wrong industrial vation but of social power which shall conditions which make poverty. They teach them how to live among stranhave given themselves with hopeful en- gers in brotherhood and helpfulness thusiasm to the task of making the –how to have a share in the moral unchurched mas s e s feel that the tlpbuilding of the community. Church is their friend and can be their savior. But the work will lag, In yet another direction does the and the fruits of it fail until the social force of home missions strikmessage and the missionary efforts ingly appear. I refer to the upbuildcease to be one-sided. There must ing of rural communities. That there be a repetition of the messages of is any problem in country life is a the old prophets denouncing extor- new idea. Of all regions the country tion and oppression, and making it was supposed to be free from probplain that those who persist in such lems. Life there was simple, direct, things must count on the uncom- comfortable, healthful and indepenpromising opposition and arraignment dent. What occasion had the farmers of the Church of Jesus Christ. for knitting their brows over social conditions? Their only trouble was In this view of duty to society it an occasional failure of crops; but, is manifest that home missions is not granted full garners, all the rest was an enterprise of the West only. It easy. has a special call to the more crowd- But students of economic, indus-

15] HOME MISSIONS AS ASOCIAL

trial and moral conditions in the ing themselves of country institutes country have reached very different to learn the science of rural upbuild- conclusions. They have sou n d e d ing; so many who had fallen into the notes of warning which in the. last ruts of country ministerial life, are few years have sharply turned the shaking themselves out of them and attention of missionary societies to are springing with avidity to the new the missionary call of rural communi- calling of vitalizing the moral and ties. Some of the facts challenging religious life of farming communities.

this attention are changes of popula- Did our young preachers but know tion from owners to renters; from it, here is the best post-graduate American to foreign elements; deser- course available to those who want tion of farms in many sections; in- to get intelligel;1tly to the springs of efficient school system; decline of American life; the finest clinic to values, unproductive farming meth- learn how. to deal with the broken ods, and decline of morals. So ef- body of community life.

fectively have these and other causes With such purpose and power are of country decline operated t hat the missionary societies giving them- thousands of c h u r c h e s have been selves to meet this problem before, in abandoned or closed. northern sections, it becomes as acute The call on home mission organiza- as it is in some sections of the South, tion is to resist the whole order of one may easily prophesy that soon this deterioration and to establish a our beautiful country regions will re~ new order which will bring thrift, cover, some of that charm-social and intelligence and morality. It shall not inlellectual-which entranced preach- be enough that the Gospel be faith- ers like Jonathan E d war d s and fully preached. The country minister Horace Bushnell in generations past.

must know conditions-must be re- Then the country will once more be- sourceful to meet them. It is some- come the fountain of civic. life, and times said it is not a minister's busi- by its flow to the cities save them ness to teach farming. To which it from the industrial, social, and poli- may be replied-if he is not broad tical iniquity which now abound.

enough to see when farming is badly Our civilization is bringing many done, he is not observant enough to perils in its train. Society is stag- be helpful at any point of country gering under them. But let us cheer construction. up. Let the social power of the One of the finest signs of the times Gospel once be fully let loose upon is in the fact that so many young these perils and they will lose their preachers see their chance; so many grip. In their stead will come the young and older preachers are avail- righteousness which exalts the nation.

KEEPING UP TO DATE In aJl lines of business to-day men read their trade journals. Doctors read their medical Pilpers, lawyers the law journals, and preachers a great many things: every man reads something bearing on his line of work. Every Christian should be engaged in the business of the Kingdom of God, and it should be the primary duty of each one to be informed about the progress of events connected with this Kingdom. No man can escape this responsibility for intelligent interest and information. Many ways may be suggested for keeping abreast of the present-day events, but we must read missionary papers.

Disintegration of the

l{eligions in Japan ':'

HEN that which is per- But forty years ago, when the influence of Western civilization came in like i Wi i feet is come, that which a flood and overflowed our land, the is in part shall be done learning of the Vest, political, legal, away!" With these and economic, was perceived to be far words the Rev. T. more minute and solid than the teach- . Watase, a Japanese ing of Confucianism. Gradually this became clear, and students became Congregational minister laboring in numerous; and when a constitutional Korea, concludes his interesting and government was established Confucianoriginal discussion of "The Process of ism lost its political importance. At Disintegration in Existing Religions," the same time the political teachings in the Shinjin magazine. contained in Confucianism became de- tached and distinct. That which had the This writer holds that each of the force of political maxims, adapted to great religions of Japan, considered as the use of a modern government, was a historical phenomenon, is of a com- appropriated and the rest was rejected. posite character, containing, besides the Then, too, the new educational spirit strictly religious elements, also ele- and policy were to raise the intelligence ments related to civil government, edu- of the people. It took an interest in cation, and philosophy. Upon such a cultivating the dignity and power of mass the new thought that is flooding man as a human being, and so natur- Japan acts much as an acid might at- ally diverged from a system that tack a mineral, with the result that merely aims' ultimately to make men disintegration takes place. The separ- rulers. What in the old was in harate elements, no longer held together mony with the modern system of eduas a system, either attach themselves cation was selected and adopted: so to those elements in the new civiliza- on this side also Confucianistn was tion to which they have affinity or are disintegrated." altogether lost. Now about Buddhism? "The his- This thought, applied to Confucian- torical Buddhism of Japan-the Bud- ism, works out as follows: "Among dhism of the 'Greater Vehicle'-is a religions, if it may be called a religion, philosophical system rather than a Confucianism is the first to yield to religion. When this is subjected to the process of disintegration. Analyzed, the analytical or disintegrating pro- it is seen that the parts which make cess, the philosophy is brought into the up the system are mainly rules for light; and then, when this is compared government, and these again appear as with the approved philos'Ophy of the essentials in education, but little is' world, the result for this form of taught about pure ethics, and still less Buddhism is as disastrous as that which about pure religion. has overtaken Confucianism."

"Now, while life-force dwelt in Con·· Discussion of this kind has' been fucianism, other things, as questions of government, law, and economy, were all subordinated or appended to it.

• Prel'ared under the auspices of the Christian Literature Committee of the Conference of Federated Missions. very much stimulated this year by the Christianity and Buddhism. I believe action of Mr. Tokonami, Vice-Minister that I am a Christian and a Buddhist of Home Affairs, in calling a confer- at the same time," but then, Dr. Kato ence of representatives of Buddhism, is not a profes'Sing Christian. Shintoism, and Christianity at Tokyo in February. It is not easy to estimate The Rev. D. Ebina is not reckoned the success or failure of this confer- among the conservatives. He belongs ence, but at least it has stimulated admittedly to the liberal wing of the interest in discussions related to religion Kumai (Congrgeational) body. It and its problems. In general, the may be inferred, therefore, that the Protestant press welcomed the confer- general position of the Christians is ence, the Roman Catholic journal at least as strong as his when he says looked upon it with suspicion, the in the Shinjin, of which he is the Buddhists condemned it, and the free- editor-in-chief: "Those who plan to thinkers ridiculed it. However, not blend Confucianism and Christianity, even the Protestants were unanimously or Confucianism, Buddhism and Chrisin favor. One of the smaller journals, tianity, or Buddhism and Christianity, the Sambi no Tomo, in an editorial or Shintoism and Christianity, do not entitled, "Are our Leaders Crazy?" know the real nature of Christianity. declared vigorously that for the Chris- Not only so, they must be called tians to attend such a conference was persons who do not understand the to debase the Savior and to confuse history of religion, and who will be- Him with what is low and vulgar. It queath not a little misfortune to future considers the words of the resolution generations." Such a disposition to adopted to be boastful, as' if to make blend religions is most agreeable to the Christ the patron deity of the Imperial mind of Japan to-day, but after all House. "If God purposes to bless the it is only temporizing. Imperial House," says the editor, "He will do so, but it is not for us to be Comparatively weak as' Christianity so condescending as to put Christ in still is in Japan, the Christian writers the list with civil government, educa- feel in themselves already the calm tion, Buddhism, and Shintoism, and to assurance that they are the heirs of offer His blessing." the future, that they have no need of anything the old systems have to con- From many quarters come reports tribute, and that there is no occasion that since the conference the interest for compromise. Certain people in in Christian preaching is deeper and America or Europe, may write with that the audiences are larger. On the respect, not unmingled with awe, of other hand, the Kirisuto Kyo Seka-i, "Bushido," but a Japanese writer in (Congregational) recently said that the the Fukuin Shimpo (Presbyterian conference had also helped to strengthen and Reformed) does not hesitate to and extend the idea that Christianity calI it "~ modern Don Quixote." and Buddhism were, after all, not so different, but that they might be easily This attitude came out prominently harmonized. Such an idea no doubt in the discussion of a project to erect exists more or less among non- a Shinto shrine to the memory of the Christians, but we have found no trace late Emperor. To the educated this of it in the Christian press. To be would be simply a monument, but the sure, Dr. G. Kato says in the Unitarian common people would regard it as a organ, the Rikugo Zasshi: "I think that place in which to pay divine honors to it is not impossible to harmonize the spirit of His Majesty, and the Christian press opposed it. The Shinto religion will some day be only a memory.

A Remarkable Chinese

(S ee Frontispiece Portrait) DING Lr MET is one of the most remarkable fruits of Christianity in China. He was born in Shantung Province, and is a Christian of the third generation. In his early young manhood he decided to enter the ministry, and went into <l theological school. When twenty-eight years of age he became a pastor, just at the beginning of the Boxer uprising; he was tortured by the Boxers in the magistrate's yamen, being beaten with heavy bludgeons and bamboo staffs. After five hundred blows, during which he had stedfastly refused to deny Christ, he was put into a foul dungeon, where, after regaining consciousness he began to preach Christ to his fellow prisoners. The Boxers planned to continue his torture later, uut Christians were praying for Ding, as they prayed for Peter in the days of Herod. Before his enemies could carry out their intention a German officer, who had been incensed at the magistrate's refusal to receive him, brought his soldiers into the city, seized the magistrate, and set free the prisoner. After the close of the Boxer rebellion, Pastor Ding took charge of a self-supporting church in Tsingtau, but a few years later was released to take up evangelistic work among students. In the spring of 19IO, when he visited the Union College at Weishien, none of the students had decided for the Christian ministry, and the religious life was very low. A short time after Pastor Ding began his work there the students began to pray, and, one by one, they volunteered for the Christian ministry, until one hundred and sixty men-the best in the college, including a gifted Chinese professor-had renounced their earthly ambitions, to enter the service of Christ.

He is one of the most respected and successful Chinese Christian workers in China. At I Chou fu lAOO inquirers came out in response to Pastor Ding's evangelistic work. In 1907 he was sent as a delegate to the World's Christian Student Federation Conference in Tokyo, Japan, and later attended the Japan- China Presbyterian Union at Shanghai. In 1908 he was elected President of the Federation of Missions in Shantung, and in 1909 was a delegate to the National Christian Endeavor Convention at Nanking.

In spite of all his success, Pastor Ding is a man of very modest and quiet demeanor, is a thorough Christian gentleman, and a man of unusual power. He is preeminently a man of prayer, and on his prayer-list are the names of hundreds of Christian leaders, not only in China, but in other lands, and for each of these he prays daily. Every place that Evangelist Ding Li Mei visits feels the power of his personality and message; many young men turn to Christ, and large numbers enter the Christian ministry. He is the founder of the Chinese Student Volunteer Movement for the ministry, which has been organized to include students in various provinces of China. He was the first Traveling Secretary of this Movement.

~-') _/.,~~ –

– OF -" r"J!I> / BEST METHODS ,.,…………….. ,.,…/'

J CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK UNIFYING WOMAN'S WORK. IN THE LOCAL CHURCH REAT as the results of worker at a conference in New York. "Going out, I passed one on the street. mG ~ Woman's Work have It struck me as queer that while we had been, some leaders seem prayed for Chinamen in a missionary meeting, I had never yet thought of to think it should be con- doing anything for one in my own town.

ducted along broader ~ lines and with greater unity than at present. Altho he had passed before I got thus In some churches the viewpoint is far in my thinking, I turned and called narrow. Women work for Home and to him. Thus began an acquaintance; Foreign Missions in separate societies now we have organized a Chinese work that have little fellowship; and too often in our church with a regular class. Ve there is friction between them and the had never thought of it before."

societies whose activities are entirely A Suggested Remedy local. The missionary women take little interest in the local work and the In view of the oneness of the work "Ladies' Aiders" care nothing for mis- and the need of cooperation, some leadsions. The Best Methods editor was ers have come to feel that it would he amazed to learn, not long ago, of well if all the women's societies in a churches where the spirit of rivalry runs local church could be merged into one so high that when a new woman comes organization with many departmentsto the church (especially if she be the "omnibus societies," some one has called wife of a new pastor) she is "rushed" them. Others equally alive to the situa- by the different societies after the order tion do not favor thi".

of college fraternities! Such union societies are called in some Yet the work is all one, The terms churches "Woman's Associations"; in city, home, and foreign, as applied w others, "Woman's Unions," or "Woman's missions, can not be found in the Bible. Guilds." The plan of organization is They are human inventions, and through practically the same in all. It includes a broadening of vision and better com- the following points: prehension of the scope of missions will I. -A central set of officers in control eventually pass away. Home missionary of the entire body.

societies are finding their work largely 2. As many departments as there are with foreign peoples, and foreign mission- lines of work.

ary workers are coming to realize that 3- A small membership fee, payment they have a duty to the Blacks in of which makes a woman a member of America as well as in Africa, and that a the Association and all its departments.

Chinese in the United States is as well 4. Voluntary offerings payable either worth saving as his brother in the to the department treasurers for their Celestial Empire. "At one of our meet- special work or to the Association ings we prayed for the Chinese," said a treasurer to be divided according to some

previously agreed ujlon scale of per- Second Tuesday: centages. 3.00 p.M.-Home Missionary Depart- ment. 5. One day in each week set apart as "Woman's Day" on which the depart- Third Tuesday: ments hold their meetings in rotation. 9.30 A.M.-Sewing meeting. I1.00 A.M.-Church and Home Depart- A Model Woman's Asaociation ment. The practical workings of a Woman's I2.30, A.M.-Basket Lunch. Association can be best understood by a concrete example. Through the kind- Fourth Tuesday; 3.00 p.M.-Foreign Missionary Departness of Mrs. Everett E. Kent, the presi- ment. dent, we are able to give the following account of the Woman's Association in The controlling aim of the Associa- Eliot Congregational Church, Newton, tion as stated in its handbook is to draw Mass., which has had a long and success- within its circle every woman in the ful experience. Eliot congregation, the ideal being, not large gifts and arduous labors from the The Association is manned by seven few, but gifts of money and of service officers-president, two vice-presidents, from each according to her ability. recording and corresponding secretaries, treasurer and auditor. There are three "I am glad to testify," sayS' Mrs. Kent, departments, Home Missionary, Foreign "to the advantage of uniting the women Missionary, and Church and Home, each in any church, thereby doing away with with itS' own officers, and there are eight the petty rivalries and one-sided viewstanding committees-Finance, Hospi- points which have, I believe, had a contality, Relief, Library, Entertainment, siderable place in church life. Our House, Literary and Work. With the Association was formed seventeen years exception of the Eliot Guild, a young ago by Mrs. William H. Davis, wife of woman's organization, all the junior Dr. Davis, at that time our pastor, societies are departments under the Asso- There were then the usual Home and ciation, their leaders being appointed by Foreign Mis'sionary Societies, the Sewing it. The officers of the Association with Circle, etc. I can not speak of conthe officers of the departments, chairman ditions then, as I was too young to have of the standing committees, and leaders a part in them; but I do know that in of the junior work constitute an execu- other churches the women who belonged tive board which meets before the to the 'Ladies' Aid' had no interest in monthly busine~s meetings and at other the Missionary Society and vice verN, times at the caii of the president. and that any sense of the largeness of the work of the church was greatly lack- The annual membership fee is 25 cents, ing. For years we stood among the payable to the Association treasurer, who pioneers, but to-day the movement is also receives gifts for the Church and spreading fast. Home Department. Contributions to Home and Foreign Missions are paid "Next year we hope to have a Home directly to the treasurers of these de- League; and are planning ways to bring partments. in shut-ins and business women and busy mothers to share in the work through Tuesday is "Woman's Day" in the study of the text-books, interesting Board church and during a given month a literature and exhibit boxes." woman may have a part in all its varied activities. The schedule is' as follows: The Attitude of the Boards First Tuesday: In order to get the attitude of the 9.30 A.M.-Sewing meeting. various Women's Boards on the unifica- IO.30 A.M.-Business meeting. tion of woman's work in the local church, the foHowing questions were sent to

OF BEST METHODS

eleven organizations representing nine we have found that where the plan has denominations: been tried the foreign missionary in- I. Do you favor the merging of all the women's societies in a local church, in- terests have suffered. The merging cluding the Ladies' Aid, into one organiiation? serves to strengthen the local work of 2. If so, what steps are you taking to the Ladies' Aid at the expense of the induce your auxiliaries to make the change? work farther afield."

3. What proportion of your auxiliaries There are, however, many individual are so organized? . officers who are greatly in favor of uni- 4. Do you put out any literature on the sUbject? fication, even in Boards which are The answers reveal a wide difference, opposed to it. "In the multiplicity of both in opinion and practise. Two organizations, the Baptist Woman's Foreign engagements that confront the women Missionary Society and the Southern Presbyterian Woman's Auxiliary, are of our churches to-day these union decidedly in favor of the union idea; four are decidedly opposed to it; three organizations are bound to increase," exprest no preference whatever; one favors it only under certain circum- says the secretary of a board whose stances; one is divided on the question, some of its officers opposing, same favor- officers are not heartily in favor of it; ing it under certain conditions, and some regarding it as ideal. "and we must see to it that our mission- One board reported that so far as ary work is conserved by having the known not a single one of its auxiliaries was organized on the union plan; nine right kind of organization. The wrong were unable to give the exact number so organized; one, the Woman's Congrega- kind was brought to my attention by a tional Board of Missions, reports that more than 200 of its I,200 auxiliaries are caller yesterday morning from a church Woman's Associations or Unions. where they have a Woman's Union meet- Only one organization, the Squthern Presbyterian Woman's Auxiliary, is ing once a month. The meeting begins making any effort to induce its societies to become unions, and it alone puts out at eleven o'clock. From eleven to twelve any literature on the subject, tho the Baptists are agitating it through their once in three months they have a foreign magazine, Missions. missionary meeting; once in three months The reason for the opposition of so many of the Woman's Boards is well a home missionary meeting; and once in exprest by the president of one of them as follows: "We do not favor the three months the meeting is devoted to formation of Woman's Associations in which all the women's societies in the their local church work. After this they local church are merged into one organization. We have comparatively few have luncheon and in the afternoon a societies so organized, and I may say that speaker on some popular (!) subject such as suffrage, anti-suffrage, etc.

"This shows why our missionary so- cieties do not favor such organizations, for they often mean much Jess time devoted to the study of missions. But they are bound to come, and the thing for us to do is to suggest an ideal plan and steer those churches contemplating such unions away from their objection- able features." .

The following letter from another sec- retary whose Board reported against unification contains many strong points and is worthy of careful study: "I do not happen to know of many societies organized in this way," she says, "but in regard to those I a~l1 familiar with, I can say that they are a tremendous success. I shOUld advise by all means in starting a new church to organize the

women as one society, with different with the world fields and gained a wider departments, for not only does it make vision-women whose interests formerly impossible the deplorable divisions of the had been wholly in the local work; (3) women, but I believe on the whole that the work is presented as one big whole- the missionary department would receive local, city, country, the world. This;s greater attention and greater interest, broadening, to say the least.

surely, by the larger number. This, how- "Perhaps there is some danger that ever, would depend to a great extent such a society will enter too many fields.

upon the leaders in the church. Our women are called upon to support "Vhen it comes to reorganizing a the Associated Charities in our city, to society which has been running a loag have a representative in the Y.M.C.A.

time in the old way, there might be Auxiliary, the Presbyterian Hospital, etc.

difficulty unless there was in evidence a Then there is the que;;tion of how far real spirit of unity and a desire for we should go into civic questions in a better methods. This, however, has been woman's society, but I am not prepared c10nein the last few years with a large to say that this is a danger, so long 2.S degree of success in the First Congre- the bigness of the work abroad and its gational Church, which is the moth~r vital importance is held aloft. I am church of the town. They are delighted growing to feel that the bigger we are with it and a number of other churches at home, the bigger we will be to under- have reorganized their women's societies take the big problems of the foreign as a result. field."

"The First Presbyterian Woman's So- It is a significant lact, that has no ciety has never known any other form little bearing on the present discussion, of organization and they are very con- that in August, 1912, when the Southern fident that there is no method to compare Presbyterian Church, which is taking with it. Our church, the Second Presby- such advance steps for missions, organ- terian, followed the plan of the First ized its Woman's Auxiliary, it recom- Church, and we know nothing else. Of mended that in every church all the course, as we never have suppers or women's societies, together with the bazaars or entertainments for raising organized women's Bible classes, be money we do not have the Ladies' Aid united in one organization with different problem. Our women sew for the departments. The latest of the evan- various charities of the city. All the gelical denominations to organize its women's societies here meet twice a W oman's Work, this action was taken month, and generally for all-day meet- after a thorough investigation of the ings with luncheon. In societies where forms of organization in use in other there is a strong Ladies' Aid, an hour churches. "Enlisting all the women of could easily be found for transacting' the Church in all the work of the such business, and they could sew for Church," is their aim and ambition.

their church instead of for charity, but Under the efficient direction of Mrs.

all would be present for the missionary W. C. Winsborough, superintendent of program. the Woman's Auxiliary, many churches "My arguments· are (I) it unifies the have already reorganized their work on work, doing away with the old divisions these lines, and tho the new order of and consequent ill-feeling and jealousies; things has been in operation less than (2) all the women of the church listen three years, the beneficent results are to the program or take part in it. I already being felt. Attendance at the have seen wonderful development of the meetings is larger, the gifts to all causes women as they have come in contact have greatly increased, and the interest

OF BEST METHODS

in missions is growing deeper all the the six Vice-Presidents passed into the while. parlor and stood on each side of a table, behind which stood Mrs. Bettie Waters. A Unique Wedding Ceremony The chords of this grand old hymn soon merged into Mendelssohn's "Wedding When societies have been in existence March," under the deft fingers of Miss for half a century or more it costs some- Boddie, our church organist. thing to change the form of organizatio'1, even tho the members recognize the Mrs. E. B. Wright, President of the wisdom of it and believe it to be best. Home Mission Society, acting as bride, "When a society dating back in organ- and Mrs. M. I. Hoskins of the Foreign ization to 1848, and having a prestige of Missionary Society, as groom, marched sixty years of varied and unbroken slowly forward and stood directly in front service, was, with others, merged into a of the table. Mrs. Waters, whose name united whole," says a Southern Presby- has been closely allied with the woman's terian worker, "every man and miss-ionary work of North Alabama for woman possessing any sentiment felt as thirty years or more, was chosen to officiate tho a great tree in the forest had been on this occasion, being a charter meml- -,r felled. But the sort of faith Paul of both societies, having assisted in the eulogizes gave strength and courage to organization of each. She gave a short 'forget the things that ate behind and history of the societies, of their many press forward toward the mark.''' struggles in the past, and exprest much joy at their having reached the happy day At Silver Bay last summer the Best of union. Her words of er.couragement Methods editor heard of a wealthy and and cheer were an uplift to all present. aristocratic church in a New York After the unification ad<lress, the memsuburb, where the women shed many bers of both societies joined hands and tears when their beloved missionarv sang, "Blest Be the Tie That Binds." society was merged with others into ~ Woman's Association. Yet, believing it A Woman's Year Book to be best, they heroically made the sacrifice. Five or six years ago,JIlt the suggestion of the Rev. John Clark Hill, D.D. (at that In a Southern Methodist Church in time the pastor), the various organi- Northern Alabama, where the women zations of women in the First Presbyhad been working for Home and Foreign terian Church, Springfield, Ohio, unittd Missions in separate societies, it was in the publication of a "Woman's Year decided, after much thought and prayer, Book," which proyed such a help that to consolidate the two. Each had had a it has been issued annually ever since. long and successful history and it seemed It includes the Voman's Missionary hard to see them go, yet the members de- Society, the Local Aid Society, the Oakcided to make the consummation of the land Local Aid and Mothers' Club, the union a joyous and happy occasion. This Young Woman's Study Club, the Girls' took the form of a unique "wedding" Club and the Cradle RoIl Ten, and gives held at the parsonage, the contracting the officers of each organization, toparties being the presidents of the two gether with the dates of all the meetings, societieS'. The following account of it the reports of the several treasurers, and is reprinted from The Missianary Vaiee: the members and monthly programs of the Missionary Society. The large number of guests were received by the hostess, Mrs. Ira F. Hawkins. The The little booklet (3~ x 5~ inches) Presidents and Vice-Presidents assembled contains 24 pages, and is a model of wise in the dining-room adjoining; and to the arrangement and concise statement. It strains of "Onward, Christian Soldiers," not only affords a convenient directory of all the women's societies, but binds

them together and unifies their work, to wise or possible to merge all the societies some extent at least. There is no pool- into one organization, this is an excellent ing of funds and no central control, but plan. It does much to foster the spirit once a year, at the annual meeting of the of harmony and cooperation, and in Missionary Society, they all come to- churches where the ultimate unification . gether and give complete reports of their of woman's work is desired but must be work. accomplished by slow degrees, it might serve as a first step toward that end. In churches where it does not seem A PHYSICIAN'S CHART OF FOUR SOCIETIES SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSIS REMEDY CHURCH OF LONGV1EW Lack of balanced rations; Supplement present diet witb Long distance vision only; Home Mission food. This Church-Membership …….. 400 Inability to see clearly objects varied menu will attract all Missionary Societies in classes of women and growth close at hand. in membership and increased Church .•…………••.••. 1 interest wiJI result in both Home and Foreign Mission NAME: The Foreign Missionary work. Society Society Membership ••.•••••. 16 When Organized? ••…••.. 1899 Study and give to Foreign Mis· sions only.

CHURCH OF SLOW VALLEY 13piritua] Anemia; Appoint wide-awake Program Mal-Nutrition; and Social Committees; Secure Missionary Society of 60 mem- Slow Starvation; at least 30 subscriptions to the bers Dwarfed Development. Survey; Place 30 or more Praver Colendars; Organize a Average attendance ….•••••. 15 Study Class. Study Classes •..•••…..•.•.. 0 MiSSIOnary Surveys taken ..•.. 0 Prayer Calendars.•..••……•0 LADIES' AID OF Busy TOWN Near sighted vision. Let each member earn part of Wasted time, and Poor Arith- her dollar at home, :inet .sJ>end 2S Members. Work hard six some of the society time -in months to prepare for Bazaar, metic. study and prayer for WORLD- hy which $25.00 is made for WIDE Missi()I1s. Mountain School.

CHURCH 0]1' PROGRESS HILL Growth Steady; Pulse Normal; Continue same diet, exercise and Vision Perfect; Circulation outlook. Long life and much Church-Membership …….. 150 fruit is uncertain. Members in Missionary Natural: Splendidly Healthful.

.Society _. _….•..••.••. 50 New Members .••.••.•••••• 10 Increase in gifts to all causes •…….••••••••••20% Surveys taken ….•••••••••40 Prayer Calendars ….•.•••• 50 Study Classes .••..•.••••••• 2 —c-From the Missionary Survey.

How the Bands Solved a Schenectady than 200 women in the congregation, and Problem less than half of them in the society. How to win every woman-they aimed Three years ago the Woman's Mis- at nothing less-was a much-discust sionary Society of Emmanuel Baptist question. Many things had been tried, Church, Schenectady, N. Y., found itself but as yet nothing had solved the probwith 100 members on the roll-not a bad lem. showing, most societies would think. But the devoted workers in the church were At last one woman had an inspiration. far from satisfied. There were more Why not divide the society into groups.

OF BEST METHODS

and put a leader over each? The work came up for consideration all she executive committee liked the suggestion had to do was to call a meeting of the and after much prayerful consideration captains and they at once took it up with formulated the following plans and put their bands.

them into execution: The plan does not seem to deteriorate I. The society was divided into ten with time. The Best Methods editor bands and a captain was appointed for had the privilege of being present at the each. The division was largely, but not annual meeting last March and listen~d wholly, along geographical lines, women with pleasure to the fine reports of the in one neighborhood generally being officers and the captains of the bands.

grouped together. She was also present by special invitation 2. No rules were laid down for the at the entertainment given in honor of conduct of the ball;ds, the captains being the winning band.

left unhampered in their work. They The following points concerning the might hold meetings or not as seemed work of the bands are reprinted from best, try any new plans or methods that an article written for The Helping Hand promised to be helpful, and take up any by Mrs. Jones at the request of its editor, line of missionary work that specially Mrs. Helen Barrett Montgomery: appealed to them. "As a rule the bands hold meetings in 3· The following system of credits was their homes. In many cases the women devised, and each captain asked to keep bring their sewing and spend the after- a careful record of the work accom- noon, tea and sandwiches being furnished plished by her band: by the hostess. Some of the bands ha ve A new member secured for the SocietY… 5 a prearranged program. In others the A meeting of the band ………….. , … 2 captains are prepared with clippings from Each member present at the meeting of the magazines or some topic that will start a discussion. At one meeting all the Society ……………………… I sorts of objections to missions were A new subscription to The Helping Hand.2 brought in, one member having been A new subscription to Missions ……….2 appointed to answer them. It was a A renewal to either of the above maga- fine meeting.

zines …………………………… 1 Each quarter's dues paid in promptly …. I Each baby secured for the Baby Band.•.•1 4· At the end of the year when the "Several of the bands have 'adoptect'

reports were all in, the band that made a missionary, and many a little gift such the best showing was to be entertained as a pretty little new-style neckpiece by the defeated nine. or a dainty apron has found its way to Under the efficient leadership of the the sister on the field. Several Christ- president, Mrs. F. K. Taylor, and ;:tn mas boxes were sent out, and one band unusually devoted corps of helpers, the had a different member write a letter bands worked wonders in Emmanuel each month to their missionary on the Church. At the end of the first year foreign field. The letters in response the society had made large gains in mem- were wonderfully helpful. Some who bership (the winning band alone reported were lukewarm became quite interested twenty-five new members), a number of through the personal touch.

new sUbscriptions to the magazines had "The second year a number of young been secured, and the increase in interest women who had joined, but were em- had been very great. It was found ployed during the day and could not possible to do away with collectors, as attend the meetings, were formed into each band looked after its own offerings, a separate band. They grew rapidly in and the president found her work some- numbers and held their meetings in the what lightened. Whenever any special evening. They easily 'won out' the

second year and were rewarded with a or printed page is good for reference in Progressive-information Supper. Our the future. When a woman joins this membership at the end of the second band she is given a letter describing year was about 180. more in detail the work that is being attempted. It is a regular follow-up "In summer, when so many band mem- system. bers are away that there are too few to hold a meeting, two or three bands meet "Once a year the bands disorganize together, each band receiving a credit. and are reformed, bringing together a One band has appointed two of its mem- new set of women. This increases the bers as a special lookout committee. circle of acquaintance besides giving Their work is to greet each new woman each one an opportunity to find the right member of the" church when she receives groove. We work primarily for the the right hand of fellowship, tell her missionary cause, secondly for the soabout the society and invite her to join. ciety. The bands are merely incidental They are provided with printed programs -a means to an end. The rivalry is of the society, together with small insets entirely friendly, and by the meetings in prepared by their band setting forth the one another's homes, sociability is progeneral facts in regard to the society and moteld. But the entertainment in the the bands. What goes in at the ear is homes must be kept very simple. The liable to be "forgotten, while the written more simple, the less formal, the better."

Customary Officen LEADER OrganizatioR and Usual Officers and and Secretaries of Moets every Sunday meetin1! same plan following Commitflome and Foreign as Woman's Society; tees: Visiting Com- Missions, of Y. P. includes all y~)Ung mittee, Charit work and Christian Committee, Social !Lducation. Mem- ladies in church. Committee, Pastor"s bership includes all Aid Committee, Lowomen in church, The quarterly meeting of the Auxiliary is :al Church Commit- !!nd Society meets' the clearing-house for all the woman's work ()of !e. Meets three monthly on "Church the church. It is usually held in the evening. time. each month. day." Study and All the congregation is invited to atte~d. Re· ports of all the departments composlOg the give to all the causes Auxiliary are presented and new plans of work of the church. outlined. A social hour follows.

WOMAN'S WORK IN THE LOCAL CHURCH PREPARED BY MRS. W. C. WINSBOROUGH, ATLANTA, GEORGIA Superintendent' of the Woman's Auxiliary, Presb yterian Church. U. S.

E ITODI

WHAT NON.CHRISTIANS SAY OF mentary on the effectiveness .of Chris- tianity, but is the result of failure to I THE WAR put into practise the teachings of jesus NTELLIGENT non-Christians recog- Christ. nize the difference between real and nominal Christianity, between the Christ THE NEED FOR INTERCESSORY ideal and the defective realization of PRAYER that ideal in national and personal life. It is nevertheles.s true that the masses DR. JOHN R. MOTT writes in the of mankind do not think deeply and Intcrnational Review of Missions: there is naturally a grave danger that "There is greater need to-day than ever the present European war may be us~d before of relating the limitless power as an argument against the effective- of united intercession to the missionary ness of Christianity. enterprise. A time of unexampled op- portunity and crisis like the present is Bishop Montgomery, the secretary cf one of grave danger. There have been the Society for the Propagation of the times when in certain parts of' the Gospel, at a recent meeting of the world the situation confronting the Anglican Board of Missions, discust Church was as serious and as inspiring the effect of the war upon missions as it is to-day; .but has there ever been abroad. He quoted the Peking Gazette, a time when sin,ultaneollsly in so many which remarked: "The sight of eighteen non-Christian lands the facts of need to twenty millions of men engaged in and opportunity presented such a rethe brutish work of slaughter in the markable appeal to Christendom as filth of blood is indeed a terrible com- now? mentary upon the influence of Christianity in Europe during the last r,200 "We should be on our guard lest we years." devote a disproportionate amount of time and thought to investigation and The attitude of the non-Christian to discussion and to plans for the utiliraces, the Bishop thinks, will eventually zation of availab!e human forces, and be determined by the way in which the not enough of attention to what is imwar is prosecuted from a moral point measurably more important-the relatof view, and by the manner in which ing of what we do personally and corpeace is finally established. It must not porately to the fountain of divine life be a war of aggrandizement for more and energy. The Christian world has territory, or for a big indemnity. the right to expect from the leaders of Nothing will arrest the attention of the missionary forces not only a more non-Christians more than such an atti- thorough handling of the facts and tude. methods, but also a larger discovery of superhuman resources and a greater ir- The sympathetic brotherliness of radiation of spiritual power." British and German missionaries on the field will be taken as a true evidence of The Bishop of Upsala, Sweden, has the power. of Christ. It will be of joined with the Bishops of Finland, great advantage if everywhere in non- Hungary and Norway, the Archbishop Christian lands the truth is emphasized of Denmark and pastors of Lutheran that this war is in no sense a com-

and Reformed churches in Holland and sionary movement is the danger of seek- Switzerland to ask the Christian ing to secure for missions wider recogchurches in America to pray for peace. nition by laying stress on secondary considerations in place of the primary A STUDENT DAY OF PRAYER motive of obedience to the will of Christ. The temptation is strong in the advocacy D R. MaTT has just sent out a new of missions to place in the forefront the call for the observance of the Uni- contribution which they make to civiliversal Day of Prayer for Students called zation and culture, and to appeal on this by the World's Student Christian Feder- ground for increased support. The conation. Enclosed with this call was a re- tribution is real, but it is only an inprint of Mr. Beaver's article, which we cidental result of missionary work. To published in our January number, on enlarge upon it may interest thoughtful "The War and the Way Out." It was people, but wholehearted and enthusiastic sent with a perso~al letter, to every workers for the cause can be won only Student Christian Association, in order by directing attention to the heart and to emphasize the unusual urgency of inner spring of the movement. There adequate preparatlOD Tor this Day of is no vitalizing energy in secondary Prayer. Dr. Mott says: "The present motives. No support of missions that world situation constitutes the most comes from some other way than that of powerful call to prayer ever extended to the Cross is worth having. North American students. It is a time for penitence and true searching of FROM A MISSIONARY VIEWPOINT heart to discover wherein we may be responsible for unbrotherly relations, such JNthaotu· gr eJnaenrouuasryfrnieunmdbsermiwghet suggested as have involved our fellow students of cooperate Europe in the testing and temptations of war. A majority of the students in the in the way of sending the REVIEW to belligerent nations have enlisted; thousands have been slain and wounded. But miSSionaries on the frontier. Many when all international fellowships seemed to be breaking, the leaders and letters that have come to tis from members of our Christian Federation were held together by the bonds of these advance guards of the Church prayer. Shall we not, therefore, pray in confidence that the self-sacrificing de- indicate how greatly such a gift would votion of European students to their country may inspire the students of be prized and how valuable it would North America with more intense devotion to Christ's greater work of re- prove in their intellectual and spiritual construction ?" life and work. We quote from one of Students and friends are asked to observe Sunday, February 28th, as this Day these letters just received from a mediof Prayer. cal mlsslOnary of the Presbyterian THE PERIL OF FALSE MISSIONARY MOTIVES Church (South) to Korea. He says: DR. W ARNECK of Germany ha~ "I most heartily second your appeal written in the Allgemeine Missions- Zeitschrift, on the temptations of mis- for the REVIEW to be sent to missionsionary workers, and shows that one of the greatest perils that besets the mis- aries at their stations. Some years· ago, Mr. Louis Huggins, an elder of the First Church of St. Joseph, Mis- souri, asked the missionaries at differ- ent stations what magazines they would like for the coming year. I named the MISSIONARY REVIEW, and the Journal of the· American Medical Association, and for several years he sent these two. I can not tell the immense benefit they have been to me. They have added greatly to my efficiency as a mis-

EDITORIALS

sionary and have given me a greater POWER AND MACHINERY knowledge of the missionary problems and how to solve them. . . . I believe M ANY earnest workers confuse the Boards could well afford to include power and machinery. Some dis- the MISSIONARY REVIEW as a necessary credit emphasis on one, some neglect part of the missionary's outfit. . . . It the other. We have heard missionary would also add largely to the solution advocates uphold the principle of of the Home Base question if the securing and sending out spirit filled REVIEW could be put in the hands of men and women without any special every pastor. The minister is the key emphasis on intellectual equipment or to the whole problem. If the mission- organized work. Others have put so ary committee would start their work much stress on the need of intellectual by seeing that the pastor is supplied attainments, of sufficient money and with the REVIEW, that would be a long proper organization that the spiritual start to success in enlisting that par- life and power necessary seemed to be ticular Church in missions. . , . overlooked. Both machinery and power are necessary for the most effective "Then there is a great body of other work, but the greatest and most Christians to be reached with the in- irreparable loss is felt when men fail spiring messages that make the REVIEW to put first the dependence on God's a power. Is there not some way in Spirit, for abiding results. Dr. John which this clientele can be largely in- Timothy Stone, of Chicago, recently creased? . . . This would, I believe, said: s'oon result in a deeper, more prayerful, more sacrificial interest in the evan- "The world has comparatively few gelization of the world." extraordinary tasks to perform, but It has countless ordinary tasks. There are "FUEL FOR MISSIONARY FIRES" few extraordinary men, but the world is filled with ordinary men whom God ATTENTION is called to the new can use if they will let Him. We need feature which first appeared in the the vision of the Most High. We need January number of the REVIEW, back a fuller realization of the presence of of the Frontispiece-in "Fuel for Mis- our God to solve the problems, local .sionary Fires." This fuel consists of and general, individual and collective, striking facts that may be found in the problems within the local church the pages of the current number, and and the problems within the church at that are there elaborated. These facts large." are suitable for Church Calendars and quotation in the pulpit, or in mission- THREE PRINCIPLES OF GIVING :ilry meetings. When a church or an individual has no interest in missions, T HE members of a negro church in .it· is either because there is a lack of Jamaica resolved to give money for Christianity or a lack of information. the support of a native evangelist, who It is a duty and a privilege for pastors would preach the gospel to their yet and 'other Christians, with the mission- unsaved brethren. They elected a ary spirit and vision, to furnish the treasurer (so says Frauen Missions .facts and so kindle and keep alive the Blatt), and appointed a day for remission fires. We hope that a large ceiving the money. When all were use will be made of these "fagots" present the treasurer, an aged man, selected from the monthly store fur- proposed three principles which were nished by the REVIEW. unanimously accepted:

All will give something. Prayer has also even a larger place Each will give as much as he or she is than usual in the conferences of the Home and Foreign Mission Boards .,f able. North America, which meet in New Each will give cheerfully. York and in Garden City, Long Island, January 12th to 14th.* After several had brought forward their gifts, an old negro, who was An interdenominational prayer servknown to be rich, stept up and laid ice was held on Friday, January 8th, $2 on the table. The treasurer returned in the Church of St. Nicholas, New it otnd said, "Dis gif' may be accordin' York, under the auspices of the to de furst princ'ple, but, brudder, it is Woman's Missionary Continuation Com- not accordin' to de second." The negro mittee. On Sunday, January loth, the took back his money and returned to afternoon and evening were given over his seat. After a moment he returned to special prayer meetings in prepara- and threw down $20 on the table, as tion for the Home and Foreign Mishe remarked sullenly, "Hyar, maybe dat sion Conferences, and joint nOODday is enough." Quietly the old treasurer prayer services were held on subsequent returned his money, and replied: days. It is not surprizing that the "Brudder, dis may be accordin' to de conferences this year were marked by first and second princ'ples, but it am unusual power and by an even greater not accordin' to de third." Again the spirit of fellowship and cooperation negro took his money, and, full of among the various boards and ~o­ wrath, sat down in a corner of the cieties. church. After a time, however, he returned, and smilingly approaching the The Home Mission Council, which table, gently placed on it one hundred met in New York, January 12th to dollars with the word!>: "I give dis gif' 14th, made definite progress in their cheerfully in de name of de Lord discussion of work for American In- dians, immigration problems, a de- nominationalprogram for missionarY Jesus." Then the old treasurer jumped education, the country church, and up and taking both hands of the interdenominational problems.

negro, cried out: "Dis is all right, The Foreign Missions Conference at brudder, it agrees with all three prin- Garden City, January 13th and 14th, c'ples I" faced squarely many questions of Would it not be well if each of us pressing importance. The address by would consider these three principles in Dr. John R. Mott on "The War and our giving? Missions" was a masterly and stirring review of the situation. Other timely PRAYER AND CONFERENCE ON topics discust were the native Church MISSIONS and its autonomy, missionary finances, interboard work, and United Mission ONE effect of the crisis brought on campaigns. by the world war has been to send Christians everywhere to their knees. These union conferences in America, In England, France, Germany and England, Germany, and the mission America there are many signs of in- fields are exerting an increasing increased earnestness; churches are more fluence and promise larger things for largely attended; prayer meetings are the Kingdom of God. increasingly intense and revivals have been reported both among soldiers in • A fuller report of these conferences will be camps and among civilians at home. given in March.

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MISSIONADY NEWS THE CHINESE REPUBLIC were praying that a spiritual awakening might come to the school. From the Statistics of Missions first meeting there was a profound interest, and altho most of the boys THE latest statistics of evangelical had never experienced a revival of this Church membership in the republic sort, as soon as the invitation was given of China give 470,000. There are 546 to come to the front and seek God's forordained Chinese pastors and 5,364 un- giveness, a great number came forward, ordained workers; 4,712 Chinese Chris- many with tears confessing their sins. tian school-teachers, 1,789 Bible women, and 49<> native assistants in the hospitals. Out of a school of one hundred and Chinese Protestant Christians contrib- twenty-five students, fifty-eight acknowluted last year $320,000 for Christian edged conversion, seven of whom are work. There are 85,241 Chinese boys from government schools. Twenty-eight and girls in the primary and day mission made pledges to give their lives to the schools and 31,384 students in the inter- preaching of the Gospel, including one mediate high schools and colleges main- of the teachers. Twenty-nine took the tained by the evangelical church. The first step in joining the Church at the hospitals number 235, with 200 dispen- morning preaching service on the last saries, where 1,322,802 patients were day of the meetings, and a number gave treated last year. their Tames as desiring to take further steps. They are anxious to select lead- Revival in a Chinese School ers to go to the out-station schools and conduct three-day revival meetings. M R. J. B. WOLFE, a missionary of the American Board, writes of a Evangelization of Chinese Cities revival in the boys' high school at Taiku, Shansi. This school is' supported by THE Presbyterian Board of Foreign the students of Oberlin, a college that Missions and the China Council and has erected a memorial to the alumni the Shantung Mission have undertaken who perished in the Boxer uprising. A a new evangelistic enterprise called the series of revival meetings was conducted China Cities Evangelization Plan. Dr. last spring by Tseng Kuo Chih, pastor Charles Ernest Scott, one of th~ most of the Methodist church in Tientsin. active missionaries of the Board, is en- Many boys had come into the school deavoring to raise funds for this work during the past year from government in the province of Shantung. The main schools and had heard very little about lines of the work are to be in the hands Christianity. Many pupils had taken the of the Chinese native leaders. The first steps in church membership but had ancient walled cities, with other centers, become cold. There was also a large which have heretofore been inaccessible, nucleus of students hungry for a spiritual are now open to missionary work. MI'. blessing, and these began to pray that Scott says: "If we do not quickly meet a revival might come. A large number this opportunity, and give them the of friends, both Chinese and foreign, Gospel, to take the place of what they. heard about the proposed meetings, and

have given up, the tide will turn, and and 35 who have been officials. Canton we shall lose our opportunity. General Christian College Association cares, Li Yuan Hung, Vice-President of the through Bible classes, for the spiritual Chinese Republic, himself· a Christian, needs of 250 men who are working on has urged the missionaries to press this the campus, and publishes a newspaper. upon the Home Church. Five years hence it will be too late. The task, as A Leader of New China outlined, involves an expenditure of $IOo,ooo-the biggest single task that T HE three missionaries of the Forhas ever confronted the Christian eign Christian Missionary Society Church." stationed in Nantungchow, China, have a great opportunity to cooperate with Chinese in Mission Councils Chang Chien, president of Yuan Shi Kai's cabinet, and one of the greatest T HE North China Mission after fifty men of China. He has his great mills years spent in laying foundations there and is making Nantungchow and and in training Christian workers has district a model for China. He has come to an epoch-making time, re- opened schools in the city, village, and organizing so as to give the Chinese country, in the temples, setting the equal share in its councils. Mr. Stanley idols in the alcoves at the side and and Pastor Li are the two chairmen. using the main part for modern schools. Seats in the chapel at Tungchou arc To train teachers he has built with his arranged so that the men face the own money a normal school for 480 women. Each has a special seat, one men, and one for 300 women, and is~ Chinese woman with one foreign lady. trying to train leaders for this great The summary of "needs" that this new, work as best he can. He has asked energetic and democratic body compiled the Mission to' help him and has preincluded this statement: "Lintsing sta- sented them with the finest piece of tion presses its request for a man phy- land in the city for their own school. sician. . . . The China Medical Con- He has built a hospital and has asked ference held in Peking, in 1913, emphati- them to provide direction for it through cally affirmed the principle that no medi- a medical man. He has built an orcal work in hospitals should be left in phanage which has 500 boys and girls charge of a single physician, and this in it, and has asked that one of the was afterward strongly affirmed by the missionaries take full charge while he National Conference in Shanghai." supports it, and has said that he would be glad to have Christianity taught in it. The Chinese Y. M. C. A. He has built a great museum, an agri- cultural school, and a hotel to accom- I Na recent Sunday School Times, modate an occasional foreigner who Professor H. P. Beach p~ctures the comels. marvelous advance of this society since its b~ginning in 1885. There are now Christ in a Chinese Prison 68 secretaries employed, all Americans. The members in Shanghai number 1,140 MORE than one report has come .If in the educational department, a number the Christian work carried on in a greater than in any other foreign asso- prison in China, the name of which is ciation. In Shanghai also, the first boys' withheld, lest the desire of those in building has been begun, which is to charge to do the best for all the prisoners have accommodation for 1,500, class- might possibly result in the withdrawal rooms for 500, and a dormitory for IOO. of the privileges. The Nanking Association's building has enrolled 151 bachelors of arts, 6 masters, Every Sunday morning four or five foreigners or Chinese go to this prison

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

and hold a service in the different wards, sian Press. The demand for school being welcomed very warmly both by books, which came with the introthose in charge and by the convicts. duction of Western learning, gave them their opportunity, and the Many confess Christ as their Savior, Commercial Press forged to the front and ask God's blessing when they have as producers of just what the new China their food. The coming day will de- was requiring. In I906 the printers were clare the results of the work. inc9rporated as one of the earliest com- panies formed under the modern com- The Colporteur and the Doctor mercial law of China. The- Christianity of the company is everywhere apparent. C OLPORTEUR CHING, of the SpaciouS', well-ventilated workrooms American Bible Society, left his present a marked contrast to the stuffy horne in South China a few months ago, apartments in which other printers in to visit a famous market town in the China must spend long hours. Clean and interior, hoping to put his gospels, as he comfortable blocks of dwellings, for rent said, "into the hands of men there who at moderate prices, have been erected quite unconsciously would become un- especially for the employes. School paid colporteurs, and carry the books privileges, from kindergarten to highinto villages and hamlets that no news school,. are maintained for the children of salvation has reached yet." of the work people. A small hospital has been opened by the company for em- In a ten days' journey, Ching made ployes sick or injured. A wbrk-day the acquaintance of an itinerant native limited to nine hours, with a Sunday doctor, bound for the same town, to sell holiday-this, too, is a feature almost his plasters-believed by the Chinese to never found in a Chinese workshop. be a remedy for almost every ailment. The employes are all well paid; a bonus Ching preached Christ so effectively that in proportion to the record and importbefore they had arrived at their destin- ance of their work is given, and a ceration the doctor had yielded to His tain sum is set apart as a pension fund claims. for retired workmen or the families of those who have died in the service. The two Chinamen put up at the same Heathen rhina never before witnessed inn and selected a spot in the market such a sight as this. where they could stand beside each other and display their wares. This was a Why the Sunday-school is Needed id satisfaction to both Ching and the doctor. China When the former made a sale, he THERE are 100,000,000 children uncalled attention to the efficacy of his der ten years of age in China. In neighbor's plasters, and the doctor would say to his purchasers: 'If you want, to the near future they may be taught alfind the way to happiness, buy one of most entirely under a government systhe books that the preacher is selling. tem of' education, and will be less ac- I know ,what I am saying. I have cessible to the Christian day.:school. The studied them, and have found peace." Sunday-school must give them religious education. A Christian Chinese Business House The Chinese Christian churches gen- A MAGNIFICENT illustration of erally lack young men and maidens. Congregations are 80 per cent. adults, ,, Christian business progress is the and many little children, but few youths Commercial Press, Ltd., of Shanghai, between I5 and 25 years of age. They which was established in I897 by three y~ung Christian Chinese, two of them employes of the Presbyterian Mis-

must be won and held for Christ by the ties took prompt and vigorous action for placing of a new emphasis upon the de- the suppression of lawlessness. partments of the Sunday-school which minister to this age. JAPAN-KOREA The youth of the boarding-schools and Emperor Yo.hihito'. Gift colleges need to be trained in voluntary Christian service. The training of T HE Japanese themselves value the .Ieaders from among the promlsmg work of the American missionaries young people for the work of the local in Japan, as is strikingly shown in the church falls naturally to the Sunday- recent gift by the Emperor of 50,000 school. yen ($25,000) toward the equipping of St. Luke's International Hospital in To- The laymen of the churches need a kio. A Japanese National Council is wide field for expressional activity in associated with the foreigners in the real Christian service. The Sunday- control of this institution, which has .school offers this field. grown out of the work of the Protestant Episcopal Mission. Count Okuma, the More Opium Used in Shanghai Premier, is its president, and made the announcement of the imperial conti:ibu- D R. ARNOLD FOSTER, for 42 tion at a luncheon on November 9th, years missionary of the London when several representatives of the' Missionary Society, has appealed to the government were prs:sent. chairman of the Council of the Shang- hai Municipality on the question of The chief significance of this gift lies opium licenses. He points out that :n not in the amount gIven, but in the fact O~tober, 1907, there were 87 licensed of the gift. It is said to be without shops in the International Settlement; in precedent, and marks the desire of the . May, 1914, there were 663 of such shops. Emperor to pay just tribute to a work In 1907 the average monthly revenue well done on behalf of his nation, and from opium licenses, "dens," and shops also to cement more closely the ties combined, was T ae[s 5.450. In May, which bind Japan and America. 1914, the revenue from licenses to opium shops alone was Taels 10,995. Sunday-school Work in Japall Superstition and Riots M R MOODY once said that if we ( ' REAT as has been the advance of can save one generation we will J European civilization in China, such put the devil out of business. To save stories as the following, told in China's this generation by training the youth in Millions, remind us of the ignorance and morals and religion is what the World's superstition which still hold sway in Sunday-S<;hool Association is trying to many mind". A census of diildren un- do. The value of this work is being der 14 years. of age had been taken at realized by national leaders in the the instance of the Board -of Education Orient, especially in Japan, where the in the district ()f Kinhwa, Chekiang. national association, organized seven This gave rise to a report that foreign- years ago, now affiliates over 1,600 ers were building a bridge, and, for the schools, with an enrolment of over 100,- s1pport of the foundations, the spirits 000. About 20 books for teachers and olchildren were wanted. As the result, workers have since been written in Jap- many government schools were de- anese or translated. Great conventions stroyed, and some missions were threat- have been held annually, and in Tokio ened; but the civil and military authori· 1,200 Sunday-school children wer,e gathered in one Sunday-school parade. That gathering sent a great Sunday-

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school balloon over the city, from which Christian nations in Europe flying at hung a streamer, "God is love," and each other's throats. What does Christhousands saw this balloon with its mes- tianity amount to, anyhow?'" Mr. Hunt sage. But this is only the beginning, looked up in surprize, and said: 'Do you and great results may be expected from think so really? I am sure this will not the World's Sunday-School Convention, 'be the case in Korea. The Korean which is to be held in Japan in 1916. Christians will say at once: "You see, brethren, they have some Christialls A PrQleat from Japan who are real. Christians, and some Chris- ' tians who are so only in name over BISHOP McKIM of Tokio has for- there, just as we have here in Korea." warded to President Wilson the And the Korean Christian who believes following resolutions, passed by the the Bible, as they all do, will have scrip- American Episcopal missionaries in ture proof for his statement in less than Japan: five minutes. Christianity in Korea is on too firm a basis to be shaken by this Whereas, it has been reported that in war or by anything else.' That is the the coming elections in the State of land where SOUl-winning is made a con- California, candidates for election to dition of church-membership. What a the Legislature have been asked to blessing if 'Christendom' would stand pledge support to a bill or bills deliber- boldly on the heights with converted ately depriving Japanese residents in heathenism."-Sunday-School Times. that State of their rights to lease land for any purpose whatever; and "Scripture LiateniJla" in SiaJD Whereas, in our opinion, such legis- AUNIQUE feature of Christian worlation would be in direct contravention ship among the Laos is the "scripof the purpose of the treaties between ture listening," much used in the Budthe two countries, and would offend a dhist services, and supposed to be meritruly friendly and intensely patriotic torious. It consists of the reading of people; considerable portions of the Bible by one person, the congregation listening. Therefore; be it resolved, that as Many have the books and follow the such action would appear an act of readet with the eye as well as the ear. manifest injustice . . . we appeal, in Rev. Robert Irvin, agent of the Bible the strongest terms possible, to the Society in Siam and Laos, writes~ "I bishops and fellow members of our am convinced that this is the proper lmerican church to do their utmost, by method for this people. By it not only all legitimate means, to discourage such the monks, but many of the common action until the diplomatic authorities people, commit to memory large portions of the two countries shall have had time of the Buddhist Scriptures, even entire to solve the problem by peaceful means. books and sets of books. Our Chris- –The Spirit of Missions. tians are not as intelligent in our Scrip- tures, nor as interested in them, as they A Chriatian Korean View ought to be. Our preaching is Western, and as foreign to the people as we are. "WE may go to heathen lands to get At our service yesterday I read the en- a clear, straight view of some tire Thessalonians with only a few words of explanation here and there to make things. Several ministers were recently clear something they. could not underdiscussing the war in Europe, one of the stand." grQUp being the Rev. William B.Hunt, of' Korea, Somebody remarked: 'Well, I suppose our poor missionaries will be up against it now, for these people in Asia will be saying, "Look at these

INDIA councils. The twenty-eight different mISSIOns working in the Bombay Presi- Government Appeal to Missionaries dency organized a council over a year ago, which has been doing effective GOVERNMENT officials in Madura, work. South India, have approached re- The Educational Board of the Coune presentatives of the American Board cil has been occupied largely with plans with the proposition that they take for a Christian Woman's College in charge of a criminal settlement to be Bombay. " The Council has approved of made up of the robber caste of Kellars- securing a half-time literature missiona" strong, manly people, tho lawless arid ary for work in the Marathi language, " notorious robbers. There are nearly an,d another in Gujarati. The Council 200,000 of these Kellars scattered has been responsible also for a successthrough the Madura district. The ful language school, and a missionary American Board missionaries have been survey of the Presidency is assigned so successful among some small villages to another committee. of the caste that· the government desires to place the whole responsibility for Canadian Baptists in India them in the hands of the mission. The authorities offer to set aside a large CANADIAN Baptists are ce1ebrati~g, tract of land, which would be used in this year, the 40th anniversary of teaching the people improved agricultural methods and give a place for the founding of their Telugu Mission schools and for improved homes. The in India. In March, 1874, Rev. John Indian government will put up the neces- McLaurin and wife landed .in the city sary buildings and pay all expenses ex- of Cocanada to lay the foundations of cept the salary of the missionary in what is now a flourishing mission. charge. The progress made is revealed by the fact" that there are now twenty-two I Baptiat Work in Danger mission stations, 8g missionaries, 64 N India the world war is embarrass- churches, 9,792 communicant members, ing the work of the foreign missions. and 20,000 adherents. Since the open- For some years the American Baptists ing of the mission over 16,000 conhave been supporting three stations in verts have been baptized on profession the Te1ugu country, in cooperation with of faith. Nothing approaching the the Mennonites of South Russia. "mass movements" that have visited other missions has been experienced in Since Russia became involved in war, Cocanada, but every year the missionhowever, the Mennonites have been able aries have had the joy of welcoming a to send almost nothing for this work. goodly number of new converts. The Unless the American Baptists can as- native churches are making rapid sume these obligations-about $4,500 strides in self-government and selfannually-the field work represented by extension; the three associations uniting sixty-four native preachers must cease, during the past year to form the schools will have to stop, and the entire "Baptist Convention of the Northern work will be so seriously crippled that Circars," the first president being Rev. one or more of the stations may have Nicodemus Abraham, of the McLaurin to be entirely closed. High School staff. Already a number of the churches are entirely self-sup- T Bombay Council of Missions porting, which includes not only the HE meetings in India under the support of a pastor but of evangelists auspices of the Edinburgh Continu- and teachers for the mission school ation Committee demonstrated the value of representative interdenominational

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The past forty years have witnessed of unity and concord, and of self-deny- great changes, perhaps the greatest of ing devotion, must prepare the way of which has been the "conversion of atti- the Prince of Peace. The Waziris (one tude" on the part of the people. At of the most turbulent of the frontier first they were bigoted, suspicious and tribes) have told the government that opposed to the Gospel, and the caste they may take away all their troops people were determined to root out the " from the frontier here, for they (the "new religion" wherever it appeared. Waziris) will be responsible for the Now all is changed, and tho there are peace of this part of the world."

still instances of petty persecution, on the whole the attitude of the people IS MOSLEM LANDS cordial and appreciative. . Work in Palestine Suffers Plague in Picture Carda THE CM.S. Palestine Mission has been seriously hampered by the war. S lME young native workers from So threatening was Turkey's attitude the Methodist training school in during the first outbreak of hostilities Ballia, Northwest Provinces, India, had that steps were taken, in cooperation an unusual interruption in their work with the London Jews Society, to withone day when, after preaching in one draw many of the missionaries. The of the villages, they proceeded to dis- shepherding of the 2,300 native Christribute picture cards to the children. tians in "the mission happily can be Just at that moment a hostile Brahman committed to the nine Palestinian paslandowner passed by. Stepping up, he tors, but all the schools have been cried out, in a voice of authority, closed, and the beneficent work of the "Fools! Don't you kno:w that those hospitals at Jaffa, Nablous, Gaza, and cards contain plague and cholera germs, Salt has for a time been brought to and that the teachers are sent here by an end. the missionary to scatter them!" A letter from Nazareth, dated Octo- That was enough. Superstitious, ig- ber 28th, states that that village had norant and full of fear, the people been· converted into a garrison town, believed the Brahman and instantly with over three thousand" soldiers in dropt their cards. They knew that the barracks. Food was exceedingly cholera had broken out in their village scarce in Jerusalem, and ali gold was since these men began to visit them, locked up in the Ottoman Bank, and and believed that the young men had outside the city were three large camps been sent by the Government to wipe where thousands of men were drilled out the district and thus to prevent hard by German non-commissioned another mutiny! officers. Christians liable for military service had to forfeit £36 if they did Bannu in War Times not go up.

I N the January number of Mercy and Dangerous Cathedral Canons Truth, Dr. R. J. H. Cox, of the I T is reported from Cairo that Turkish Baptist medical "mission on the North- officers in Jerusalem, having learned west Frontier of India, writes: "We from a frightened lad who knew only seem to be more united now in" India, a smattering of English that two and the thought of the Punjabi and the "Canons" were attached to St. George's Pathan rubbing shoulders with the Brit- Cathedral Church, and" refusing to ish and French breaks down many bar- accept the assurances that those Canons riers. Tl:!e war will do untold good in had nothing to do with artillery, tore the end, and, by bringing in this spirit

up the floor of the edifice and destroyed some large mission schools. The suppart of the Communion Table. ply of rice, a staple upon which they depend for food, was exhausted. The AFRICA schools of the county in which Mon- rovia is situated are still in operation, Egypt a British Colony altho there is some scarcity. The military attache of the United Stares GREAT BRITAIN took formal pos- Government has made inquiries as to session of Egypt as one of the what quantity of rice will keep the protected provinces of the empire De- schools going for the next three cember I8th, deposing the Khedive, months, and the bishop made request for Abbas Hilma, who has come out openly twenty-three. tons. There is' a possion the side of the Germans. Impres- bility that the United States may try sive military ceremonies in the principal to arrange a shipment for that purpose. cities of Egypt marked the transfer of sovereignty from the Sultan of Turkey A Christian African Chief to the monarch of Britain. Prince Hussein Kemal, an uncle of the deposed THE Congregational missionaries in Khedive and a favorite son of the Chiyuka, West Africa, have been late Ismail Pasha, has been appointed greatly helped by the faithful Chris- Khedive in Abbas Hilma'S' stead. tian chief Kanjundu. His newly elected' Prince Hussein was educated in Eng- successor is also a Christian. Rev. land, and is in appearance and sym- John T. Tucker writes of this new pathies more of an Englishman than leader, Chikosi, as follows: "Chikosi is a Turk. an Elder of the church, and a very fine preacher; he has a commanding pres- Trustees for Cairo University ence and a splendid type of face.. He fills his position with dignity and judg- TWO hundred thousand dollars has ment and .is determined to help for- been promised for the Christian ward the work. He never hesitates to preach when on journeys, thus exert- University in Cairo, as a part of the ing a really great influence over other endowment fund of two million which chiefs who may hesitate before surit is estimated will be needed. A Board rendering what they deem to be all the of trustees has been organized in New dignities of their office, viz., polygamy, slavery and beer drinking. Of this York City, with Dr. J. K. McClurkin last Chikosi replied to some villagers who wished permission to brew beer; of Pittsburgh as president; E. E. Olcott, 'Everybody knows that beer makes the president of the Hudson Bay line, people err and swerve from the "white" treasurer; Dr. Charles R. Watson and path, the path of righteousness. No! George Innes of the United Presby- I will not permit beer drinks in my terian Board as secretaries. Among district.' the members are Professor George L. Robinson of McCormick Seminary, "On another occasion he said: 'Just Ralph W. Harbison of Pittsburgh, as Kanjundu caused "the words" to go Professor Harlan P. Beach of Yale forward so do I desire. The teachers and Professor W. B. Hill of Vassar. were his advisers and he loved and honored them. I am in the hands of Progreas in Liberia the teachers like my predecessor. My BISHOP FERGUSON of Liberia, under date of October 12th, writes greatest desire is to s'ee all the people telling of the difficulties encountered serve God and be.Iieve in the Lord because of the war. Owing to the Jesus Christ.''' lack of provisions it had become necessary to suspend the operation of

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Uganda in War Time Society has continued to maintain the missions. British friends of the mis- T HERE has been some fighting in sions are now undertaking to raise '1n British East Africa, the Germans emergency fund for the work of the having crossed the frontier at several Paris Society 111 the French colonies. places. But the general course of life has not been much changed by this, The Curse of Alcohol in Africa and the Church Missionary Society secretaries hear that missionary work at M PAUL RAMSEYER of the Ba- Mombasa has been given new oppor- • suto mission in South Africa tunities by the war. About 3,000 describes the advancing danger from natives of Kavirondo and 1,000 Df alcohol among the South African Bunyoro, in the Uganda Protector.ate, blacks: "Many Boers are carrying on have gone to -Mombasa, and the mis- a profitable illicit trade among them. sionaries are allowed to work among Fines of from £300 to £350 make no them. great impression, so lucrative is the traffic. The natives sell their cattle to In Uganda all the Church Missionary get drink. When these are gone they Society missionaries have put them- have recourse to theft. On Sunday I selves at the disposal of the govern- went to see the prisoners at MatatieIe. ment to give any help they can, the There were twenty-one, twelve of them clergymen as interpreters and chaplains. being Basutos. Six were condemned and in working among the wounded, for assault, a dozen for theft of sheep and the doctors and nurses in carrying or· goats. All had committed these on the hospital at Mengo, which on crimes under the influence of alcohol. the outbreak of war was offered to the Alcohol is the black's worst enemy. government as a base hospital for any Those who sell it are the vilest men on wounded Africans, Indians, or Euro- earth. They should not be punished peans. The government accepted the with fines, but with terms of from ten offer, and one hundred beds were put to twelve years' hard labor. The blacks at the immediate disposal of the mili- can not refrain from drinking. They tary authorities. The boys of the are the merest children." Church Missionary Society schools at the capital are very anxious to help. A distinguished missionary, Mr. Don- Two squads of them have been chosen ald Fraser of Nyassaland, describes beer for service at once. One, of six "as the greatest enemy of the economic cyclists, has been sent off to carry and moral welfare of the Nyassa nadispatches, and another, of forty boys, tives." General Gorgas, who has been is being trained for ambulance work. invited to the Rand to advise with the great mining corporations as to the French Mission. in South Africa hygienic improvement of the Rand mines, is equally explicit: "On the sub- T HE outb'reak of War has placed ject of alcohol for the native I believe the Protestant missionaries of the that it is an unmitigated evil. It is in Paris Evangelical Missionary Society, no way necessary for his health; in now at work in British South Africa, fact, is always hurtful. In the Panama in a serious position. For over eighty zone prohibition has increased the effiyears these missionaries have carried ciency of our working force so much on their work in Basutoland, and for that generally the men in charge of the twenty-five years they have .heen at laborers in the different districts have work in Barotsiland, on the upper asked to have' their districts inclttded Zambesi. Tho both territories have within the prohibited area. I believe passed under the British flag, the Paris

that it would be best for the native on for the loyal contingents of troops the Rand to have no alcohol at all." arnvmg from various parts of the British Empire. Arrangements have Better Feeling in Madagascar been carried out by the Bible Society HE hope that one result of the to present Testaments to each member T war would be the more friendly of these contingents from Canada and relations between the French Adminis- Newfoundland, from the States of tration and the British missionaries in Australia, from New Zealand, and Madagascar are being realized. Two from the over-seas colonies and pro- years ago the government tried to tectorates.

suppress the half-yearly meetings of During the mobilization in Central the Isan-Enim-Bolana on the ground Europe, 130,000 Gospels were dis- that it was an illegal association. Last tributed among German and Austrian autumn a deputation of missionaries soldiers; 160,000 Gospels have been waited upon the Administrator to ob- given away in the French army; while tain the views of the government as the Society's agents have circulated to holding the gathering of this great immense numbers of Russian Gospels.

organization, which is a kind of blend among the troops of the Czar.

of the National Free Church Council, the Congregational Union, and the French Protestants and the War Church Congress. .The government NOWHERE, perhaps, among the strongly encouraged the missionaries to Allied Nations has there been such hold the gatherings, and begged them a response to their country's call as not to interfere in the slightest degree among the Protestants of France. Of with the usual program. The meet- the 450 pastors who form the National ings were held accordingly. Union of the Reformed Church of EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN· France about 200 are already in the army, and about 200 churches are with- Bibles for the Soldiers out a pastor. The spiritual needs of THE British and Foreign Bible So- their soldiers are not forgotten. They ciety has been carrying out a have one Chaplain with each of the careful and comprehensive distribution twenty-one army corps, one at each of of the Scriptures among our sailors twelve great French fortresses, one and soldiers. A lady giving away with the Mediterranean Fleet, and over GQspels, writes from the Soldiers' fifty at the various hospitals through- Home, Aldershot: "If the Bible So- out France, to which the wounded and ciety's Committee could only see the sick soldiers are being sent. The men taking the Gospels, they would Religious Tract Society of Paris has-'

feel they were well worth· giving. The been doing what it can to provide the openings among these crowds of new Chaplains ~ith literature, but it is recruits are unprecedented, and their· difficult to get any printing done in eagerness to receive the GQspels won- France at the present time, and they derful. I have never, in all my many have appealed to England for help. The years in this work, known anything Committee of the R.T.S. in -London like the spiritual awakening among the had sent by the end of October 33,000 men." Testimony similar to this is booklets free to the Paris Tract Society received day by day from camps and for use among the Fren~h troops. For hospitals and recruiting centers all the same purpose about 5,000 Frenclr over, the country. booklets were sent free to M. Ie Special provision has also been made Pasteur Hirsch, and to Monsieur Ie

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Pasteur Guex, of the McAlI Mission, "The better elements, both Moham- Paris. medan and Christian, are driven from the country. The reactionary elements, Waldenaians and the War engineered by young Turks and Aus- trians, are in control. T HE American Waldensian Aid So- ciety, of which Bishop Greer of "It looks almost certain that nothing N ew York is president, reports that will be settled in Albania until after the Waldensian Church in Italy is in the war, whenever that may be." desperate financial straits as a consequence of the European war. The NORTH AMERICA usual income of $50,000 which has been contributed yearly to the support Student Volunteer Gathering. of the Waldensian missions by Eng- STUDENTS have found inspiration land, Scotland, Ireland, Germany, Switzerland, Holland, Sweden and from large missionary conventions Denmark, has been almost entirely cut and have been arranging similar gatheroff. In consequence of this, the ings on a smaller scale. The Connectipastors, evangelists, teachers and col· cut Valley Missionary Union, which met porteurs are threatened with starvation at Smith College the first of November, and their work with a disastrous re- brought together a finely representative duction in its extension and intensity. body of students from the colleges of During centuries of persecution, endured that section. The Student Volunteer for the sake of faith and freedom, the Conference held at Geneva, New York, Waldenses have trusted in God and in early in December at Hobart and Wiltheir Christian brethren of all Protes- liam Smith Colleges, assembled over tant churches for aid in maintaining two hundred and fifty delegates from their work, which has always been :.tt- twenty-five out of town institutions. tended with great difficulties, and they have not trusted in vain. In the A Woman's Missionary Day present crisis the Waldensians look to THE women of New York City and the American Aid Society as the one source of help that is so imperatively vicinity held an interdenominational needed. missionary day on November 7th, when the principal speaker was Mrs. Helen The Albanian Situation Barrett Montgomery. The Triennial Conference was held in the same city, REV. C. T. ERICKSON, who was in January 15-16. America last year, has been kept from returning to Elbasan by the dis- Work of the Federal Council tracted political conditions there. and is now in Italy. Passports into Al- THE Executive Committee of the bania were refused him in Rome, and, Federal Council of the Churches indeed, Italy has taken off all her of Christ in America at its meeting in steamers on the Adriatic. Mr. Erick- Richmond in December, took action on son is staying at a small place on the a number of important matters, among Adriatic about opposite Durazzo, watch- which were the following: The Presiing events, working among Albaniall dent, Professor Shailer Mathews, and refugees and studying the past history Dr. Gulick were appointed as ambasof the Albanian nation. sadors to the churches of Japan, to sail January 9, 191 5. The Administrative While in Rome, he managed to get Committee was' instructed to communiinformation as to recent events in cate with the various ecumenical or- Albania ano writes: ganizations and the constituent bodies of the Council relative to a World Congress on matters of general interest to the Christian churches of the wo~lq.

Measures were adopted for the organ- same enthusiasm they expend on white ization of the churches in local com- institutes. They are visiting negro munities in the interest of International schools as they have never been visited Peace, and approving the preparation before; are helping to provide funds and publication of a book by Sidney for industrial supervising teachers and L. Gulick to be placed in the hands giving care and attention to the proper of all the pastors of the nation in this construction of new school buildings." interest. A new Commission was created, entitled "Commission on the Missionaries at Union Seminary Church and Country Life," with Gifford Pinchot as Chairman' and Rev. Charles THE Board of Directors of Union O. Gill as Field Investigator, its first Theological Seminary voted in May, ~ work to be a state-wide survey of Ohio.. with headquarters at Columbus, I914, to establish as soon as the neces- Ohio. sary funds could be secured, a Depart- ment of Foreign Service, whose pur- Medical Mission Survey pose, to quote the resolution, "shall be to provide adequate training for in- T HE International Health Commis- tending missionaries, and courses use- sion (Rockefeller Foundation) is ful and appropriate for such mission- making a thorough investigation of the aries on furlough as may desire them." medical missions of the world by cor- respondence. The commission is seek- In order to carry out this plan, the ing to learn the nature and equipment Board has appointed the Rev. Daniel of medical missions in order to deter- Johnson Fleming, M.A., M.Sc., Organ- mine their ability to cooperate in the izing Director of the Department uf extermination of the book-worm disease. Foreign Service. Mr. Fleming, who Later a similar investigation is under for ten years has been a missionary in consideration with reference to leprosy. Lahore, India, was to begin his work about January IS, 1915, and while he Southern Interest in Negroes will give certain lectures on foreign missionary subjects, he will devote DR. WEATHERFORD, who is work- himself especially, at the outset, to the ing for a better understanding be- preparation of a complete plan of the tween the white and the black popula- proposed department. It is hoped that tions of the South, reports a new, a full announcement may be made genuine interest among the whites in within a few months, and that the negro problems. active work of the department may begin not later than the autumn 0'- "I make bold to assert that there have been more volumes on the negro 19I 5· read by Southern white people in the last five years than were read in 'all Medical Missionary Conference the fifty years preceding. Two thousand copies of our books were placed in the THE successful interdenominational hands of some of the busiest people in conference of medical missionaries a certain section. Within two months, more than 1,600 wrote in reply that the held in December, at Battle Creek. book had been rearl with eager interest. Michigan, brought together 200 mis- Fifteen thousand college students ha'e sionary workers-almost all physicians read and studied a book on this subject who have seen service on the foreign in three years. Scores of county super- field-representing practically every mis- intendents of education are holding in- sionary denomination in ·this country. stitutes for colored teachers with the As usual, the delegates were entertained by Dr. J. H. Kellogg at his sanitarium.

Upon recommendation of the com- mittee on resolutions, whose chairman

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

was John R. Hague, field secretary of 2. For the support of this parish so its the African Inland Mission, the con- great work need not be crippled by debt ference voted to petition the various and deficiencies, even tho the building American mission boards to take some be in ruins. concerted action to provide a union medical college for women in south 3. For a Restoration Fund so that we India. may rebuild our beautiful church home and equip it for worship and work, for services A plan for teaching Bible women in and for service. missionary fields the elementary principles of nursing was voted practicable This was the order in which this and useful, and a general increase of congregation who had been "tested by medical missionaries in connection with fire" rated its own responsibilities, placall principal stations was urged.-The ing missions first, current expenses sec- Continent. ond, and the restoration of their burned church home last. As a result they "MThe Diocese of the North Pole secured pledges for nearly $33,000. Of Y diocese is at least famous for this was pledged for missions, $4,854 one thing, and that is-it con- -an increase of $2,901 over the pretains the North Pole!" This is the ceding year.-Spirit of Missions. way the Bishop of Mackenzie River speaks of his huge diocese of land and LATIN AMERICA river with only 6,000 inhabitants. The people, chiefly Indians and Esquimaux, Sunday-school Workers Visit South with here and there a white man en- America gaged in the work of a fur trapper, are scattered about all up and down the FRANK L. BROWN, of Brooklyn, country, and journeys of enormous Joint General Secretary of the length and many perils have to be undertaken to reach them. The Bishop World's Sunday-school Association, and has labored in this country for twenty- others, who are to tour South America three years. It is said of the Esqui- on the Kroonland in the interests of maux that they are an intelligent race, Sunday-school work, sailed from New who are not only quick to assimilate York on J annary 21st. After stopping a1l the truths which are taught them, at Havana and Kingston, and passing but themselves act as missionaries, through the Panama Canal, they will eager to pass on to others of their visit the chief cities of South America, tribes' the good news which has so holding conferences with missionaries changed their own lives.-The Church- and native workers. man. The "Ins.tituto Ingles" Tested by Fire THE morning after St. John's HE boarding department of the T Presbyterian Mission's School for Church, Jersey City Heights, N. J., Boys at Santiago de Chile is, as usual, full to overflowing in the school year w<:s destroyed by fire, the rector, Rev. of 1914. This is in spite of the keen George D. Hadley, announced the competition by the Church and State organization of a committee to canvass schools, which are the best in Latin the parish, in which enlisted 193 callers America, and also in spite of the great to visit the entire communicant list. financial depression through which They were to secure support: Chile is passing. The total matricula- tion of the school in 1914 will he I. For missions and charities so that our around 275. Of this number the maown trouble might make us think first of jority, of course, are Chileans, but others worse off, there ate representatives of all the neighboring republics. The desire on

the part of parents to educate their OBITUARY NOTICES sons in the Instituto Ingles is due not only to the fact that good instruction i:; Earl Roberts on Missions given, but, in an increasing degree, t,) the fact that the students are not only THE recent death of Earl Roberts instructed but also educated morally and makes it appropriate to recall a letspiritually. The Christian work in the Instituto is well organized. Prayers ter that he once addrest to Army ofare held every. morning, and each boy ficers on the subject of missions, in must have a copy of the New Testa- which he said: "You will most cerment and use it in the responsive read- tainly come into contact with the repreings.-Assembly Herald. sentatives of various Christian mission- ary societies, whose special work it is THE ISLAND WORLD to show to non-Christian peoples the love of the Christ whom we profess to The Flag and the Cross serve. We commend these mission- aries to you as a body of men and THE presence of the American gov- women who are working helpfully with ernment in the Philippines is a the government, and contributing to the elevation of the people in a way imposhelp to the missionaries in many ways. sible to official actioll. ". e would sug- Dr. Maurice A. Rader, superintendent gest that you use all olJHortullities of of the Methodist work in Manila, making yourself personally acquainted pointed out, in a recent address, the with the work they are doing, and the yalue of the government educational character of the converts. Most missystem. In other mission fields, nine- sions will bear looking into, and we tenths of the missionaries are in school- are convinced that if you will do this, rooms, and the American government you will never afterward condemn or has freed the Church from this work in belittle them." the Islands. Such progress has been made in training teachers, that to-d3Y Admiral Mahan instead of the II,OOO American teachers, there are less than 700, and 5,000 THE death, on December 1st, of Rear- Filipinos are now teaching in the Eng- Admiral Alfred Thayer Mahan, lish language, and progress has been made along all lines. He says also that U. S. N., was recognized as an inci- God has planted the American flag in dent not only of national but of interthe Philippines to demonstrate to the national importance, for his works upon Orient what democracy can do for an naval strategy were authorities through- Eastern race. out the civilized world. Yet, tho by profession a man of war, he was by Mr. Roy H. Brown, of the Presby- practise a man of peace-a devoted and terian Board, calls attention to the ease faithful follower of Jesus Christ. Far of communication secured by the gov- less widely known than his books on ernment roads and the inter-island naval tactics were his writings upon steamers. As Roman roads and the ecclesiastical and devotional subjects. Greek language made possible the rapid Few laymen have equaled him in this spread of the Gospel in apostolic days, particular. In 1900 he was elected to so the advantages of American govern- the Episcopal Board of Missions, and he ment and the use of. the English tongue served continuously until its reorganizaare helping the cause of Christ in the tion in 19IO. His wide experience in Philippines to-day. foreign affairs made him a most useful member,

Education of Women in Japan. By The foundation of modern

Margaret E. Burton. Illustrated. With in Japan was laid by Christian mis- bibliography. 12mo, 268 p.p. $1.25 net. sionaries. Unlike China and India, Fleming H. Revell Company, New York, Japan from the first sent the children 1914. of the higher social grades to mission To Miss Burton we have learned to schools. Upon the foundations since 1872 the government has been building look for clear and adequate treatment worthy structures of its own. The of the important theme of woman's present difficulty of Christian schools education in mission lands. Wi·thout to keep pace with those of the governexuberance of style, but with directness ment because of inadequate funds-the and sympathy she gives the results of firm, but reasonable requirements for her careful studies, made at close range. government recognition, now received Especially timely is the discussion of by but one-third of the Christian the educational problem of Japan. "All schools-the necessity of Christian Asia is the ship, Japan is the' rudder," higher education, if Japan is to be was a saying of Joseph Cook, which is won for Christ-these topics are well even more significant now than when argued and illustrated. he made it. The influence of woman, moreover, is a more potent factor in The book culminates in the earnest the Sunrise Kingdom than we have plea for the speedy consummation of realized. Miss Tsuda, who is herself the plan for a Union Christian College an illustration of her words, has said: for Women in Tokyo-a plan which "The women of Japan are· powerful to has become urgent and definite in Japan a degree which you can not understan<l. and now awaits the final approval of They have always had a hand in every- the Mission Boards for its opening in thing in Japan." Miss Burton tells HS 19 16. that, tho Japanese women in theory have been powerless, in reality they "The Education of Women in have greatly influenced the currents of Japan" is a valuable book for referlife of their people. Their authority ence, as it supplie, an essential chapter wilhin the household is absolute, so that in the history of education and of the in some respects it has no counterpart progress of Christ's kingdom. among vVestern women. The Call of the East. By Thurlow Fraser. Especially interesting is Miss Bur- Illustrated. 12mo. 351 pp. $1.25, net. ton's history of that brilliant period Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1914. between the sixth and twelfth centuries Formosa is a "Beautiful Isle" of when the intellectual life of Japan received great impetus from the culture unusual fascination, and with a unique of China and "female education took missionary history. It is here made its rise almost spontaneously." In the the scene of a romance that captures earlier part of that period there was the reader's attention, contains much "no limit to the activities of women," valuable information, and must con-_~ in religion, in philanthropy, in liter- vince many doubters as to the real ature, and even in politics and war. character and value of Christian mis- sions. The story contains love and ad-

venture, wit and pathos. Dr. George work in Cleveland, and here describes Leslie Mackay, the picturesque apostle the methods used with such success.

to Formosa is one of the heroes, and a Other city pastors will do well to study few of the other characters are drawn his work.

from life. In his power to describe The Making of a Country Parish. By exciting experiences with graphic pen Harlow S. Mills. J2mO, J:26 pp. 50 Mr. Fraser reminds us of Ralph Connor; cents, net. Missionary Education Movein character delineation and humorous ment, 1914. touches, of James S. Gale; and in the What Dr. Tippy has done for the forceful. presentation of the case for missions he vies with Harold Begbie. city Dr. Mills has done for the This is an excellent story to put into the hands of young people and of country parish. He has shown how ignorant objectors to foreign missions. God can enable a man to make the Church a power even in the most dis· couraging field-city or country. Rural pastors will find invaluable help in Dr.

A Revelation of the Chinese Revolution. Mills' experience. By John J. Mullowney. Illustrated, 12mo, 142 pp. 75 cents, net. Fleming H. By-Products of the Rural Sunday- Revell Co, 1915. A Chinese compatriot is the author, , school. By J. M. Somerndike. 12lU0, and Dr. Mullowney the editor, of this 169 pp. 60 cents, net. The Westminster Press, Philadelphia, 1914. The Sunday-school is both a mission- picture of General Hwang Hsing; the ary agency and a missionary training ~'real" leader of the Chinese Revolu- school. These chapters show how the tion. The author is opposed to Yuan school may be made more efficient in Shi Kai and his methods, and his views. both-especially in rural districts.

are from this' standpoint. Mary Webb and the Mother Society. By Albert L. Vail. 8vo, IIO pp. 50 cents Bamboo: Tal~s of the Orient Born. By net. American Baptist Publication So- Lyon Sharman. 8vo, 81 pp. $1.00, net. ciety, 1914. Paul Elder & Co, San Francisco, 1914. Mary Webb was a cripple in body, This book of varied tales brings us but not in spirit, and was closely nearer to the heart of the Chinese for it is written sympathetically ,by one identified with the founding of Ameriwho lived there in the impressionable vears of childhood. The information can Baptist missions. Her life story is limited, but the missionary spirit is is beautifully told and may well prove evident. an inspiration to others. The reading of a sermon by Dr. Emmons gave her a passion for missions.

The Individual and the Social' Gospel. Pioneers-Studies in Christian Bio- By Shailer Mathews. 16mo, 84 pp. 2S graphy. By K. J. Saunders. Paper. 8 cents. Missionary Education Movement, annas. Association Press, Calcutta, India. 1914. These excellent brief sketches .of Social Christianity is to-day a pop- Martyn, Chalmers, Bannerji, Neesima, ular study. It has been too much Ibrahim, and others, are well fitted for neglected and may now be over em- school and college study circles. phasized. Dr. Mathews here gives Though Wars Should Arise. By Mrs.. some brief practical studies in the work Howard Taylor. r6mo. 6d., net. Mor- gan and Scott, London, 1914; 30 cents. that Christianity does in transforming China Inland Mission, Philadelphia and Toronto. the individual, the home, the school This is a spiritual message for the and society.

The Church-a Community Force. By present crisis in missions and Chris- Dr. Worth M. Tippy. 12mo, 80 pp. 50 tianity. It will be welcomed by many cents. Missionary Education Movement, a heart that is shadowed by the war clouds. 1914. Dr. Tippy has done a remarkable

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

Sun Children and Moon Children. By Jesus the Missionary. Studies in the life T. 8vo. IS. Church Missionary So- of Jesus as the Master, the Model, the ciety, London, 1914. Pro.totype for: all missio.naries. On many The text and illustrations are both Scnptures, InterpretatIOns are given which haye been worked out on the misyery attractive to children of eight to sion tield. By Rev. Hugh W. White. 16mo, 140 pp. Presbyterian Mission twelve years. The Sun Babies of India Press, Shanghai, China, 1914. and the Moon Babies of England become friends. The Growth of the Christian Church. By Robert Hastings Nichols. 2 volumes, A Highway for God. Annual Report of 12mo, pp. 163, 224. $2.00, net. Presby- the Sudan United Misllion, 1914. terian Board of Publication, Philadelphia, The pictures and charts make thi s 1914. report unique. It is a work of art. The New Life in China. By Edward THE WORLD OUTLOOK Vilson Vallace. llIustrated, 12mo, pp. This new popular monthly is some- II4. Is.,net. United Council for Mis- sionary Education, London, 1914. thing new in missIOnary magazines, Trail Tales of Western Canada. By F. and does great credit to the artistic A. Robinson, B.A. 3S. 6d., net. Marand editorial ability of Dr. S. Earl shall Bros., London, 1914. Taylor and his associates, of the Boar,] The Missionary Speaker and Reader. of Foreign Missions of the Methodist IS., net. Carey Press, London, 1914. Episcopal Church. The articles are of fascinating originality and interest and Thirty Years in Moukden. By Rev. Dr. the illustrations are superb. The first Dugald Christie, CM.F. 8s. {d., net. Foreign Mission Office, Edinburgh, 1914. number (January, 1915) is devoted to North Africa and is decidedly "popu- The Gospel in Futuna. By Rev. Dr. lar" in its literary articles and pictoriOlI William Gunn. 6s., net. Foreign Misfeatures. "What I expect to see in sion Office, Edinburgh, 1914. North Africa" (a humorous sketch), and "vVhat I saw in North Africa" ': a Jaya: Which Means Victory.. By BeJreport by the editor), are in striking trice M. Harband. 6s. Marshall Brothcontrast. The three-color cover IS a ers, London, 1914.

work of art. Bible Illustrations from Persia of To- The aim of the World Outlook IS to day. By the Rev. Edward J. Clifton. 3s. 6d., net. Marshall Brothers, London, reach the uninterested and compel missionary interest and sympathy. The 19 1 4. Judson, The Hero of Burma. l:y Jesse price is $1.50 per year, but we take pleasure in offering it in combination Page, F.H.G.S. 2S. 6d. Seeley, Service with the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE & Co.. London, 1914. WORLD for the price of the REVIEW. A Congo .Pathfinder: W. Holman Hunt Among African Savages. By John H. $2.50 (to new Subscribers only). Send Veeks. 25. Religious Tract Society. for the January number and you will London. 1914. have a pleasing surprize. On Trail and Rapid by Dog-Sled and NEW BOOKS Canoe. By the Rev. H. A. Cody, M.A. The Present World Situation. By John' 2S. 6d.• net. Seeley, Service & Co., Lon- don, 1914. R. Mott. 8vo. Student Volunteer Move- ment, New York, 1915. A Missionary's Life in the Land of the Samuel B. Capen. By Chauncey]. Haw- Gods. By Rev. Isaac Dooman. $2.00, kins. Illus., 8vo. $1.25, net. Pilgrim net. Richard G. Badger, Boston, 1914. Press, Boston, 1914. The Layman Revato. A Story of a Rest- The Gospel and the Mala. By Frederick less Mind in Buddhist India at the time Lamb. 120 pp. Is. Wesleyan Mission of Greek Influence. 4to, lOS pp. By Press, London, 1913. Edward P. Buffet, 804 Bergen Avenue, Jersey City, N. J., 1914. The Village of Hope. By Kheroth Mo- hini Bose. 131 pp. IS. 6d. Marshall Brothers, London, 1914.

Cecil Robertson of Sianfu. By F. B. Meyer, D.D. Illustrated, 168 pp. Cloth, 2s., net; paper, Is. 6d., net. Carey Press, London, 1913.

Unknown Mongolia. A Record of Travel and Exploration in North-West Mongo- lia and Dzungaria. By Douglas Carru- thers. Foreword by the Right Hon. Earl Curzon of Kedleston. 2 vols., illustrated. 688 pp. 28s., net. HutchiIl- son, London, 1913.

Beyond the Pir Panjal. By Ernest F. Native Tribes of the Northem Territory Neve. 8vo, 178 pp. 2s. 6d., net. Church of Australia. By Baldwin Spencer, Missionary Society, London, 1914. C.M.G:, F.R.S. Illustrate¢, ix., 516 pp.

Tales of the Arabs. By M. E. Hume Macmillan, London, 1914. Griffith. Illustrated, 179 pp. Is. 6d., net. Church Unity in Japan. By William Im- R. T. S., London, 1914. brie. 53 pp. Kyobunkwan, Tokyo, Veiled Women. By Marmaduke Pickthall. 1914. 16mo, 320 pp. G. Bell & Sons, London, The Gods of Northern Buddhism, Their 1913. History, Iconography, and Progressive In Far New Guinea. By Henry Newton. Evolution through the Northern Budd- Illustrated, 304 pp. l6s., net. Seeley, hist Countries. By Alice Getty. London, 1914. ~ General Introduction on Buddhism, Greeks in America. By Thomas Burges. translated from the French of J. Illustrated, 256 pp. $1.35, net. Sherman, Deniker. £3 35. net. Clarendon Press, French & Co., Boston, 1914. London, 1914.

The Kingdom and the Farm. The Prob- PAMPHLETS lem of the Country Church. By Harlan L. Freeman. 75 cents, net. Fleming H. Is Church Attendance Worth While? Revell Co., New York, 1914. By Bergen D. Stelle. 10 cents per copy. Old Andy, the Moonshiner. By Martha P. D. Stelle, Upland, Pa., 1914. S. Gielow. Illustrated, 12mo. Boards, 50 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New Money and Missions. By a Business Man. 5 cents per copy. Laymen's Mis- York, 1914. sionary Movement, New York, 19T.1. History of the American Baptist Foreign White Heroines.in Africa. By Constance .Mission Society. By Thomas S. Bar- E. Padwick. 63 pp. 4d. United bour. American Baptist Foreign Mission Council for Missionary Education, London, 1914. Society, Philadelphia, 1914. Our World Family. A Study for Juniors. By Helen Douglas Billings. 96 pp. Cen- A Part of the World Program. A Manual tral Committee on the United Study of for the Use of the Superintendent of Missionary Education of the County Foreign Missions, West Medford, Mass. ~unday-school Association. By Eliza- The Immigrant Gateway. A Missionary Demonstration. Being the Representa- beth D. Paxton. 66 pp., 20 cents.

tion of the Entrance of Immigr;mts Into Missionary Education Movement, New the United States, and of the Examfna- York, 1914. tion Conducted by Officials of the Immi- Report of the Work of the Bureau of gration Service to Determine Their Fit- Education for the Natives of Alaska, ness to Enter. By Reuben L. Breed. 1912-13. United States Bureau of Edu- Missionary Education Movement, 156 cation, Bulletin, 19l4, No. 31, Whole Number 605. Government Printing Fifth Avenue, New York, 1913. From the Bread Line to the Pulpit. Office, Washington, D.C., 1914.

The Story of How I "Came Back." The Student Christian Movement at By Frederic J. Baylis. With an intro- Work. Being the Report of fhe General duction by John H. Wyburn. 16mo. Committee of the Movement for the Col-· 43 pp. Fleming H. Revell Cd., New York, 1914. lege, year 1913-14. Pp. 77, 6d., net. Student Christian Movement, London, The Cross in Japan. A Study of 1914· Achievement and Opportunity. By Negro Year Book. An Annual Encyclo- Fred Eugene Hagin. Illustrated 12mo. 367 pp. $1.50, net. Fleming H. Revel! pedia of the Negro. 1914-15. Monroe Co., New York, 1914. N. Work, Editor. 25 cents, 446 pp. Negro Year Book Publishing Co., Tus- The Ban of the Bori. Demons and kegee Institute, Ala., 1914. Demon Dancing in West and North The Folly of Federation Between the Africa. By Major A. J. N. Tremearne. Church and the World. By R. E. Neighbour. 64 pp., 10 cents. Charles Illustrated, 497 pp., 21s. net. Heath, C. Cook, New York, 1914. Cranton & Cusely, London, 1914. The Evangelical Union. Report of the Missionary Travels in Central Africa. Churches and Organizations Constitu- By F. S. Arnot, F. R. G. S. Introduc- ting the Union. 1914 Annual Meeting and Missionary Directory. Evan- tion by W. H. Bennet, xix., 159 pp., gelical Union, Box 436, Manil<l., P.r., 2s. Holness, London, 1914. 1914.

The Women of Egypt. By Elizabeth Cooper. Illustrated, 300 pp., 6s. Hurst & Blackett, London, 1914. A Central African Parish. By Egbert The Italians. A StUdy of the Countrymen C. Hudson. Illustrated, 96 pp., 15. net. of Columbus, Dante, and Michael Angelo. (Immigrants in the Making Series.) By Simpkin, Marshall, London, 1914.

Our Opportunity in the West Indies. Sarah Gertrude Pomeroy, A.M. Illus- By Benjamin G. O'Rorke. Illustrated, trated. 61 pp. 25 cents, net. Fleming H. 136 pp., Is. ,uf. S. P. G., London, 1913. -Revell Co., New York, 1914.

The Missionary Review of the World — January 1915

for Missionary

SOME SIGNIFICANT FACTS FOUND IN THIS NUMBER Suitable for LJse in Church Calendars and Missionary Meetings 1. The ten Chinese girls, the first sent to America to be educated on the Indemnity Fund, are all Christians, and eight are daugh- ters of Chinese pastors. They were chosen by competitive I I- examination in Peking (see page 63).

2. Mohammedanism is hopelessly divided. The attempts of the I kl Sheikh-ul-Islam of Constantinople to arouse all Moslems to a "Holy War" against Christians have failed (see pages 2 and 13).

3· In the United States there is one ordained Protestant minister to every 594 people; in China there is only one to every i c, 476,462 people (see page 61).

4· If China arms and drills her people up to European standards she will have a standing army of 36,000,000 men. Is it not worth while to teach China the power of the Gospel of Christ?

(see page 26).

5. Seventeen hundred walled cities and thousands of smaller towns in China are now open to missionaries for the first time. If we do not quickly use this opportunity the tide will turn as it has turned in other lands (see page 71).

6. Mr. Morimura, a wealthy Japanese business man, who recently found Christ in his old age during the evangelistic campaign, has given $100,000 to establish a fund to promote business morality (see page 74).

7. The Christians of Aintab, Turkey, astonished the Turkish soldiers, when they arrived hungry and thirsty, by giving them a hot dinner and cool water. "Verily," said the soldiers, "such kindness has never been shown by Christians to Mo- hammedans since the days of the Prophet" (see page 3).

8. In the recent evangelistic campaigns among Chinese students, conducted by Mr. Sherwood Eddy, 7,000 inquirers in seven cities asked to join Bible classes. The average attendance at the meetings was 3,000 students (see page 5).

9. In the Peking evangelistic campaign the Minister of the In- terior gave the ground for the pavilion in the "Forbidden City" ; the Minister of War gave the use of 200 army tents; the Minister of Education gave a half-holiday to enable students to attend the Gospel meetings; and President Yuan Shi Kai exprest his deep interest in the campaign. In what ~I Christian lands would officials do as much? (See page 5).

10. During the present war, Great Britain has restricted the sale of intoxicants; Germany has forbidden traffic in alcoholic liquors; France has prohibited the manufacture of absinthe; and Russia has dosed alI the drink-shops in the empire. The anti-alcoholic movement spreads (see page 67).

A PORTRAIT OF ARTHUR T. PIERSON (1837·1911

oiEditor-in-Chie£ of the jfISSIONARY REVIEW OF T.1IE WORLD.. 1888 until his decease in 1911 111111111111 I 111111 rr.:

AllY Vol. XXVIII, No

HE New Series o JANUARY, 1915 Vol. XXXVIII, No. I Old Series SIGNIFICANT EVENTS OF 1914 no less significant. These have been noted from time to time in the THE year that has just closed will REVIEW, and are listed here that we first of all be notable as one may see them at a glance. The De- cember index refers to the months m marked by the greatest war in his- which full particulars are given: tory. Men and money, all resources and treasures have been sacrificed North America without stint for national success. It is still too early to forsee the re- The Student Volunteer Convention in sults of the war, or its full signifi- Kansas City. cance to the Kingdom of God. There . will be changes in the map of Europe Campaign of World's S. S. Association and of the world; the loss of men in behalf of Moslem children. and material resources are incalcu- lable, the exhibition of hatred is de- United Every-Member Canvass in the plorable. AU is against the Spirit of ChurcheS'. Christ. On the other hand there are lessons that may well be taken to Con;ention in behalf of American Ne- heart by all Christians-the ineffec- groes, Atlanta. tiveness of an "armed peace"; the "heroic self-sacrifices of which men are Co~operation Program adopted by Home capable; the enormous supply of men Mission Council. -and money available, if people are but aroused to the need of giving; Hebrew-Christian Alliance formed. the futility of all foundations for American Baptist Missionary Centenary. peace and 'brotherly love other than United Conference of Missions III loyal surrender to Jesus Christ. Mexico. Buf there were other events of the International Sunday-school Convention, year which, in the sight of God, are . Chicago. Dedication of the Christian Synagog, Toronto. United Missionary Campaign among churches of all denominations. South American Leaders' Conference, Uruguay.

The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in ,the pages of this REVIEW, hut do not acknowledge responsihility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by eon· tributors of signed articles in these pII&I'B.-EDITORS.

Interdenominational Ministers' Mission- Spiritual Awakening in the Nile Valley. ary Conference, Rochester. (Report Marsden Centenary in New Zealand. later) . German Islands taken over by British. Cure for Leprosy discovered in the Europe Philippines. Hebrew Christian Conference, Hal11burg. Wesleyan Methodist Centenary. Some Notable Death. Opening of the New Waldensian Church Samuel B. Capen, President of the in Rome. American Board C. F. M. Great Protestant Meetings in Barcelona, James S. Dennis, Author of "Christian Spain. Missions and Social Progress." Spiritual Awaking in France. Temperance Movement in Russia. E. E. Strong, Editorial Secretary of the First Laymen's Missionary Cqnference, American Board.

Great Britain. Fred S. Arnot, of the Garenganze Mis- Salvation Army Congress in London. sion of Central Africa. Revival in Bulgaria. The World War in Europe, Asia, Africa, H. A. Robertson of Erromanga, New Hebrides. the Islands of the Sea. Bishop Tucker of Uganda. Moslem Land. Young Men's Christian Association ATHE "HOLY WAR" OF ISLAM VERY significant sign of the Building Opened in Constantinople. times has appeared on the hori- The Robert Wilder Meetings in Constan- zon from the direction of Moslem lands, in the failure of the efforts tinople. of Turkish Moslems to arouse enthu- The Opening of New Buildings of Con- siasm for their program for a "Holy War" against Great Britain, France stantinople College for Women. and Russia. The Sheikh-ul-Islam and United Evangelistic Campaign in Con- several local Moslem leaders have issued proclamations to arouse their stantinople. co-religionists not only in Turkey,but The "Capitulations" Abolished by in Persia, Africa, and India, to join in exterminating the infidels (except Turkey. Turkey's allies) . Thus far these Turkey seeks to foment a Holy War calls have been of no avail. The Mohammedan world is hopelessly against Christians. divided. In Asia Minor and Syria bands of Moslems will doubtless wel- India, China, and Japan come any excuse to pillage and des- Awakenings in North India, 150,000 troy their Christian neighbors; in Persia, where the local government· Baptisms. is weak, there will probably be much Other Christward Mass Movements in disorder· and some attacks on Chris- tians; in Arabia there will continue India. to be manifestations of fanaticism, Attempt to Reestablish Confucianism. but there are too few Christians The Eddy Evangelistic Campaigns in there to make a fight worth while. In Egypt, however, the former Khe- China. Idol Burning in Yunnan, and elsewhere. Chinese Board of Missions Formed. The United Evangelistic Campaign, Japan. Africa and the Islands Spiritual Awakening in South Africa. Christward Movements in Uganda. Christward Mass Movement in West Africa. Church Union Movement in Livingstonia.

OF THE TIMES

dive has been deposed and is in exile they said to one another, "this is and the present Premier, Rushdi something new; never since the days Pasha, has declared in favor of Great of the prophet until now has such Britain. In India also the Moham- kindness been shown. No Moslem medan rulers are generally loyal and friend has come to give us food and refuse to follow the lead of Turkey. drink without money and without price, but these Christians have sup- There is little to fear from a plied our every need without our general unholy "Holy War." There asking." is little danger of a Turkish invasion of Egypt, either by land or sea. This is the way of Christ. It is Reports to this effect are thus inven- the way that will end in victory. tions of those with whom the wish is father to the thought. There are, THE ASSOCIATION MOVEMENT IN however, some causes for anxiety on account of the missionaries and other TURKEY Christians in Asia Minor and Syria. These are greatly in need of our HOW many hopes are shattered or prayers and help. Thieves and brigands are now free to pillage the their fulfilment delayed by the friends of the European allies. Har- war in Turkey, it is impossible to bors are mined and traffic by land estimate. The Young Men's and and sea is irregular or entirely broken Young Women's Christian Associaup. Some Europeans are reported tions, for instance, had only recently imprisoned and their property con- formed a union, including both orfiscated. ganizations, for the Turkish Empire, the only country in which this has .In the midst of this picture of been done. The first annual meeting brigandage comes the report from of the Gener.al Committee of this Aintab that Christian kindness won Union' was held in Constantinople the esteem of Turkish soldiers. last summer, and not only were Troops arrived before this city of achievements recorded, but plans 80,000, after a march of 70 miles, were made for the future. These during which they had been without will be interrupted by the participarations. It would not have been St1[- tion of Turkey in the war. Miss prizing if they had looted the Chris- Frances Gage, General Secretary of tian quarters and abused the "infidels." the Y.W.CA., reported that Student The Christians of the city, however, Associations are now in several misincluding the American mission col- sion schools, and city associations, lege students, united in a movement so-called, are carried on by: (I) to give the Turkish troops a good groups of foreign girls living in coast hot dinner. The troops had 'been cities ; (2) organizations of women obliged to drink only muddy water, and girls in the Protestant churches but now the Christian women brought and (3) mixed groups, organized an abundance of cool, refreshing, something alter the form of women's pure water to quench the soldiers clubs. The presence of women by thirst. Imagine the surprize of these the thousands in the silk mills of hungry and thirsty men. "Verily," Brousa, the tobacco factories of Smyrna and the cotton mills of Adana, constitutes a strong appeal

ior the development of Association throughout the Empire will be care- activities. ful to treat with fuIl consideration all Mr. E. O. Jacob is the leader of American residents within those do- a strong body of Y.M.CA. secre- mains. A telegram received by the taries, and the Association Quarterly Secretaries of the American Board is published to represent both sec- from Secretary of State Bryan on tions of the work. The Student November 9, reads: Associations, both men's and "Our Ambassador at Constanti- women's, voted to apply for admis- nople with hearty cooperation of sion to the World's Student Chris- Turkish officials has situation com- tian Federation. It was decided that pletely in hand. Missionaries and the women's department should apply their work fully safeguarded. Every- for affiliation with the World's thing proceeding as tho normal con- Y.W.CA. ditions prevailed. You may safely NEWS OF THE ARABIAN MISSION reassure all friends."

'THE entrance of Turkey into A letter from Rev. John Van Ess active participation in the great at Busrah (under date September 2I, European War which has nOw ex- 1914) gives assurace of safety. He tended to Asia has caused some says: anxiety as to the welfare of mis- "Turkey has been intensely pro- sionaries in Armenia, Syria, and the German, and the rapid advance of Persian Gulf. Busrah and Kuweit, the German forces a while back had stations of the American Reformed its effect in making our friend the Church Mission, are in the territory Turk a bit overbearing. . . . The of the Turkish Empire. For some most serious matter is that of the ex- time the relations between the British tensive mobilization on the part of representatives at Busrah and the Turkey. One of Dr. Cantine's men Turkish authorities have been strained, in Amara, was imprisoned for not reflecting the relations of the respec- presenting himself to the army, and tive governments. In order to remove finalIy was released on payment of causes of friction the British Govern- £T43, of which £TIO was given him ment withdrew its gunboats from the by a Turkish officer as evidence of river and harbor of Busrah and his friendship, a gratifying circum- closed its post-office. The only other stance. Two other evangelists were means of communication was there- gotten off as being readers in the fore through the very unreliable Turk- church, and my head teacher as being ish post-office which is never user:! by preacher. Two others of my teachers the "missionaries. have, however, been taken into the Americans have not been interfered army, and so my work will be seri- with and since the Turkish Govern- ously crippled, altho it is a comfort ment at Constantinople has asked the that all Government teachers have American Ambassadors at London, been taken, without exception, and in Paris and Petrograd to take charge consequence all Turkish schools are of the interests of Turkey in those closed. Further remarks I shall omit, capitals, there is every reason to fearing the censorship to which this think that the Turkish authorities letter is subject. The announcement

by Turkey that the Capitulations will offered a site for the evangelistic be abolished on October 1St, makes pavilion within the Forbidden City us feel a little uneasy, tho I can not itself. It is the first time in history believe that the Powers will con- that Christian meetings have been sent." allowed within these sacred precincts.

A WAKENINGS AMONG CHINESE The Ministry suggested that this pa- vilion be placed next to the sacred STUDENTS -altar where the emperor annually worshiped the "Spirits of the Land." "S EVEN cities, 7,000 inquirers, average attendance; 3,000. The Ministry of War gave the use President, officials cooperating. Mr. of 200 tents to make the pavilion Wen (Commissioner of Foreign Af- rainproof, the Minister of Education fairs of Chekiang Province), Hang- granted a half holiday to all the gov- chow, baptized. Evangelistic cam- ernment- students in Peking to enable paign not affected by war. Oppor- them to attend the opening meeting, tunities double last year." Thus and the Minister of Foreign Affairs reads a cablegram from China giving sent his representative to the meeting.

some of the visible results of Mr. After Mr. Eddy had spoken one Sherwood Eddy's Evangelistic Cam- night to over 3,000 students for over paign among Chinese College stu- an hour, more than 1,000 men signed dents in fourteen of the cities of cards as inquirers. A meeting was held China. The deeper, abiding results in another part of Peking attended by only God can know, and yet the fruits 1,700 of the gentry and business men, of the meetings held last year are so and the Board of Trade asked for 300 encouraging that those here referred reserved seats at this meeting. Three to. are full of promise. hundred and fifty of these men in- In Tientsin the Guild Hall was dicated their desire to join Bible crowded with 2,000 students and sev- classes. At one meeting for inquir- eral hundreds were turned away. On ers there were present: one former the last day over 1,000 inquirers governor, two generals, a private exprest their desire to join Bible secretary to the President, the direc- classes. Last year after the meetings tor of China's national bank, promi- in this city 500 Confucian students nent officials, a young non-Christian were enrolled in Bible classes, over philanthropist. Probably in no other 200 of whom were later received in country in the world to-day are the the churches by baptism or as proba- officials so accessible to Christianity bilities. as in China. Two hundred Chinese In Peking the President, Yuan Shi Christian young men have been nor- Kai, exprest deep interest in the meet- mally trained to lead the Bible classes ings, and the Vice-President, General in conserving the results of these Li Yuan Hung, requested Mr. Eddy to meetings. In Paotingfu, where address his family and guests. The Horace Pitkin laid down his life with cordial cooperation of the officials was the martyrs of 1900, 500 non-Chris- in striking contrast to their attitude to tian students and leading men indi-· the Gospel in the Boxer Uprising of cated their purpose to join Bible 1900. The Ministry of the Interior classes as inquirers. "The blood of

the martyrs has proved again the on the·· program, the facts gathered seed of the Church, and China, after were thrown on the screen. A vol".

the last spasm of heathenism, hate ume will be published giving the prin- and cruelty, is turning to-day, sobered cipal addresses d~Iivered at the con- and chastened, with open mind to vention and the survey materials in consider the claims of Christ." chart and tabulated form. A continu- ation policy was adopted and echo T a NEW ENGLAND METHODIST MEN meetings will be held all over New HE men of the Church, as England to inspire the churches and whole, are taking their larger share to put the policy into actual operation.

in missionary work. The denomina- A MISSIONARY CONVENTION OF tions are enlisting their men in lay- MINISTERS men's movements as was evident when twenty-four hundred delegates T HERE have been missionary con- registered at the New England Con- ventions of laymen, of young vention of Methodist Men in Boston people, of women, of secretaries, and (November IIth-13th). This was the of ministers and others, but a con- largest company of men from the vention for ministers only, that is Methodist churches of New England planned and carried out by laymen, ever assembled. The meetings of the is a new departure. Such a con- General Committees of Home and vention was held in Rochester the Foreign Missions preceding and fol- first week in December, under the lowing the convention made possible auspices of the Laymen's Mission- the attendance of the members of the ary Movement. There was a large committees, including nearly all of attendance and a strong program"

the bishops of the Church, and a very planned wholly with. reference to strong program resulted. The con- helping the pastors in grappling with vention had two unique features. their problems. All the evangelical One was a Jesse Lee demonstra- ministers in the Western half of New tion on the site on Boston Common York State were invited and the where Jesse Lee, the founder of churches of Rochester provided free Methodism in New England, preached entertainment.

his first sermon. The principal ad- The theme of the Convention was dress was delivered by Bishop W. F. "The Church at Work in the Com~ McDowelI on "The Fathers." munity, the Nation and the W orId," – The second unique feature was the and eminent speakers were enlisted use of slides and motion pictures to because of their special experience report the results of a "Survey of along some particular line that would Religious Conditions in New Eng- make their testimony valuable to pas- land," including the work of Morgan tors. A full report, with address", Memorial Institutional Church in wiII be given in the REVIEW for Feb- Boston. For months trained workers ruary. Over seven hundred ministersI have been making the investigations were present from the 2,000 Protestant' '

and gathering the statistics. At the churches in the western half of the beginning of each session, and related State. If the pastors catch the mission~ to the topics which were to be discust ary fi·re, the contagion will spread.

LEE CELEBRATION AT THE NEW ENGLAND CON VENTION OF METHODIST

On Boston Common in r 860, Jesse L ee, the founder of New England Methodism, preached h is first ser mon. The event was commemorated in Kovcmber, 1914.

Methods of Educating the Church in Missions 64 X 367- 431 say Preaching 7 at WorK 160 say Literature 116 say Classes 26 say Special Speaker 16 have no methods 24,361 at work in 67 do not report Church organizations .. :31 per cent. Personal Evangelism .. 3 per cent. Missionary Education . . 2 per cent.

Where do you COUll!?

CHARTS USED AT THE NEW ENGLAND CONVENTION OF METHODIST MEN

UNCHRISTlANIZED ZULU RICKSHAW BOYS IN NATAL, SOUTH

DR. TAYLQR, MR. SMITH, AND THEOLOGICAL STUDENTS AT IMPOLWENI, SOUTH AFRICA CONTRASTS IN THE NATIVES OF SOUTH AFRICA (See article by Fred D. Smith, page 29 )

Missionary Aspects of

Year 1914 BY ROBERT E. SPEER, NEW YORK Author of "Missions and Politics in Asia.'· "Missions and 1fodern History," etc.

i,TlHE past year began with tend the Centennial anniversary of the greatest gathering the establishment of the' American of students in the, inter- . Mission in India and was on his way est of missions which home by way of China when he died has ever been held. of pneumonia in Shanghai on Janu- Five thousand repre- uary 29. In many ways Dr. Capen sentatives of the faculties and student was a representative Christian man, bodies of the United States and typical of his time. He was a layman Canada met at Kansas .City for five who in business, municipal adminis- days. There were delegates also tration, education, his local church, from every other great race, one hun- the Christian life of the nation and dred and sixty from the young men the evangelization of the world rose and women of China who are in our to trusted leadership without display American colleges and universities, or self advertisement or any influence forty from the Japanese, with smaller ex~pt the affectionate purity and groups or single individuals from the simplicity of his character and his other nations of Asia and from good sense and loyal high-minded- Europe, Africa and South America. ness. He was an embodiment of the The influence of the convention in newly recovered priesthood of the deepening missionary convictions and laity and of the world-citizenship spreading abroad the knowledge of which missions have created.

missionary work reached out to the The most notable missionary an- ends of the world. niversary of this year was the cen- The opening month of the year tennial of the founding of the Ameri- which brought this accession of can Baptist Missions. The centenary vitality and power witnessed also the on the field was celebrated in Ran- passing on of one who was beloved goon, Burmah, in December, 1913, and trusted as a missionary leader, but while Baptist missions abroad bewho could ill be spared and ~ho was gan in 1813 thrQugh Judson's adop- eager to live to share in the further tion of Baptist principles on his voy- advancement of Christ's Kingdom age to India, the General Convention over the world, Dr. Samuel B. Capen, for Foreign Missions was established president of the American Board of at Philadelphia, May 21, 1814. The Commissioners for Foreign Missions anniversary was held in conjunction and since its organization the chair- with the annual May meeting' of the man of the executive committee of Baptist societies in Boston in May. the Laym~n's Missionary Movement. From the courageous beginnings of Dr. Capen had gone to India to at~ Adoniram Judson the work has grown

to 127 stations, 701 missionaries, of territorial assignment of responsi~ 1,575 organized churches, 6,I06 bility aiming at adequate provisions native workers and 166,330 church- for every part of the field. Not all, members. The strong denominational natu!ally, are ready to go as far as convictions which have characterized some, but a notable advance has been the work of the Baptist missions are made and an ideal set up for other yet enriched with a true fraternal mission fields.

spirit. During the year a long stand- The year ends with no apparent ing problem of territorial adjustment prospect of peace and order in Mex- in the state of Kengtung in Burmah ico. There are sections of the coun- was most harmoniously adjusted be- try where tranquility prevails but no tween the Baptist and Presbyterian central and responsible government Boards which have also for years has been set up. The pressure for worked happily together in China and intervention by the United States has the Philippine Islands in the same been resisted with the avoidance of stations and even in the same institu- bloodshed which would have been in~ tions, and have during the year united evitable and of the weakening of our their schools in Tokyo, Japan, in moral influence in Latin America and fruitful cooperation. especially in the world situation con- Cooperation in Mexico sequent upon the war. The mission- aries are returning to their posts in But the most notable advance In some states and find the religious missionary cooperation has been made needs of the nation deeper than ever.

possible by the situation in Mexico. The animosity of the various revo- The utter chaos in that distrest land lutionary movements has been intense led to the temporary withdrawal from against the Roman Catholic Church the field of all but a half dozen of on the ground of its alleged hostility the missionaries. It seemed a provi- to liberal thought and institutions and dential opportunity to the missionaries to all freedom. Priests and nuns at home to consider together the have been harshly treated and church whole arrangement and program of property appropriated. In conse- missionary work with a view to such quence we have seen the interesting measures of readjustment and cooper- phenomenon of the Roman Catholic ation as would make it in the highest Church in the United States appealing measure efficient and comprehensive to the American government to in- upon the return of the forces to the tervene in behalf of religious liberty field. Sixty or seventy representatives and toleration in Mexico, the very of the mission boards at work in land regarding which Pope Pius IX.

Mexico met accordingly on June 30th wrote to Maximilian urging that and July 1st in Cincinnati, and ap- Roman Catholicism should be the only proved the most thoroughgoing scheme religion allowed "to the exclusion of of occupation and cooperation which every other dissenting worship" and has ever been outlined for any mis- "that instruction, whether public or sion field, contemplating united work private, should be directed and in publication, education, home pub- watched over by· the ecclesiastical licity and field conference and a plan authorities." Mexico was included in Pius's Encyclical issued the same solution, has troubled the history of year, contending that the opinion that the past year. It was one of the liberty of conscience and of worship irrepressible issues in the discussions is the right of every man is not only in Congress over the questions of an erroneous opinion, very hurtful to the Philippines and of Asiatic immithe safety of the Catholic Church gration. The last few years have and of souls, but also delirious. seen a very substantial transfer of self government to the Philippine peo- The prompt and cordial accept- ple and they surely have not lacked ance by the United States of the declarations as to the ultimate purproffered mediation of Brazil, Argen- pose of the American occupation of tina and Chile when our peaceful re- the islands, but the measure known lations with Mexico which had en- as the Jones bill proposed further dured long and difficult strain were commitments and raised the debate unreasonably imperiled by a trivial as to whether the United States was incident, exerted a beneficial effect going too fast or not fast enough througho~t Latin America. We are in providing autonomy for the so confident of the rectitude of our Filipinos. That the people are moving political sentiments toward the other forward wonderfully under the edu- American nations that we utterly fail cational and political tutelage of the to appreciate the' distrust which many United States there could be no of these nations feel toward us ana doubt. Nowhere else in the world we have too easily forgotten the has there been a more wonderful ingrounds which we have given them stance of social and intellectual transfor this distrust. Sf. Garcia Calderon's formation. That there should be book on "Latin America-Its Rise divergence of view as to our govand Progress" illustrates the habit of ernment's policy both among theorists thought of the younger leaders in and among practical men is inevitable. Latin America and the misapprehen- Progress and just action are desions and suspicions which charac- pendent upon the attrition of terize it. It is to be gratefully recog- diverse opinions. But it is unfornized that we ended the year with tunate that in every such debate a distinctly better feeling toward us vicious conceptions of racial relationon the part of Latin America. There ship are revealed. Among the misis need of wise and unselfish cultiva- chievous and timorous words spoken tion of this feeling that all these in the debate by a leader in Congress Western nations may work together were these: in peace and mutual helpfulness and by God's grace avoid the deadly "I have no doubt that a conflict will errors of the older world. come between the Far East and the Far West across the Pacific Ocean. All Problems of Race Relationship WUlch IS taking place in the world, the logic of the history of the human race In various forms apart from the ttP to now, teaches us that the avoidance European war the great problem of of this conflict is impossible. I hope it race relationship, which the world will be only a commercial conflict. I has never been able to solve and for hope war may not come, that there will which it will not accept the Christian be no conflict of arms; but I have little where, embittered by their experience, faith that in this world of ours people a riot broke out which cost a dozen and races are able to meet in competition lives or more. The same paper which for a long period without armed con- reported the incident described also flict. A fight for commercial supremacy the triumphant landing of the Sikh leads in the end to a fight with arms, be- troops at Marseilles, where they went cause that is the final arbiter between ashore greeted with flowers and nations." shouts of welcoming joy. The Sikh Such words are mischievous be- husbandman with his shovel on his cause they bring on the very situa- shoulder coming to toil and increase tion they profess to deplore, and our wealth flung back from the they are unmanly because they repre- western gate, and the Sikh soldier sent a surrender to the supposed with his gun, coming to kill and de· fatality of history. But why should stroy, welcomed in at the opposite man deliberately accept defeat at the door!

hands of his own deeds? Why Japan and Korea should he first brutalize his inter- Especially has the problem of race- racial relationships and then be brow- relationship been prest upon the na- beaten by his own brutality? tion by the necessity of a more equit- Never have we had a year, how- able and adequate solution of the ever, in which race prejudice and question of Japanese immigration, fear has been allowed so pitifully to with the Chinese question in the back- blind human judgment. The trial of ground. The agitation and anti-alien the Jew, Beilis, for alleged ritual land legislation in California gave murder in Russia, the wild discus- the national government one of the sion of the various immigration meas- three most difficult diplomatic prob- ures in Congress, the race collisions lems of the year. And the issue is so and the case of the Hindu laborers far from being settled that it stands in South Africa, the public recrudes- ahead of us as one of our most per- cence of century-long race repression plexing tasks-how on the one hand in some of the Latin American lands, to afford American labor the protec- the antagonism of the Indian peon tion to which it is entitled, and to to the Spanish landed aristocracy in conserve American institutions, and, Mexico, were but a few of the ex- on the other, to do absolute justice, pressions of this prejUdice and fear. to fulfil the highest obligations of in- Two incidents reported in the same ternational fair dealing and good will issue of one morning paper were and to perpetuate the principles of tragically illustrative of the confusion democracy and equality on which the and untruth which becloud the whole nation was founded. A commission problem. The Sikh immigrants from on Eastern race-relationship was es- the Panjab who had sought admis- tablished by the Federal Council of sion as laborers into Canada and who the churches and is dealing carefully had been kept prisoners on their ship with the problem. Meanwhile it is at Victoria and prevented from land- the duty of all patriotic men not to ing and finally sent back to India were talk as the congressman who lJasbeen reported to have arrived in Calcutta. qU9tt!Q. t~lk~d, but to declare in season and out of season that this Three-Year Evangelistic Campaign problem must be solved and that projected two years ago has been carthere can not be and will not be any ried on with moderate energy. rupture of the relations of friendship and respect which have bound to- There has been a marked improvegether the United States and Japan ment in the relation of the Japanese e~er since Japan had any relations Government and the Christian Church with any Western power. in Chosen (Korea). Not only have the Japanese continued their remark- In Japan the year has brought able work in the improvement of government and people alike closer to every department of government and the ,sober fundamental moral problems of social and industrial conditions but of national life. Count Okuma, the Count Terauchi has shown most most nearly Christian of the elder friendly appreciation of the missionstatesmen, has become Prime Minis- aries and their work and of the ter, and his attitude toward 'religion, character and influence of the Korean and especially toward the Christian Christians. There have been frereligion, is far more serious and in- quent rumors that Baron Yun-chi-ho telligent than Prince Ito's ever was: and the two or three other Christians The old hostility of the Educational who alone were convicted of the Department to Christianity has largely scores of Korean Christians tried for disappeared and the bureau of re- conspiracy, might be pardoned. In ligion has now been associated with any case there have been no other this department in recognition of the charges or rumors such as were freessential place of religion in ethical quent while General Akashi was in education. Buddhism has suffered Korea, and on the other hand the a great deal in public esteem through missionaries and the officials have the exposure by government prose- been on most friendly terms and the cution of the ecclesiastical authorities Seoul Press, June 30th, reporting a dinof the great Hongwanji temple in ner given by the Governor-General to Kyoto, who were accused of im- the missionaries, after referring to moralities and peculations involving past misunderstandings, declared in an many millions of dollars and result- editorial, "The success that attended ing in the finqncial ruin of one of the Count Terauchi's dinner is further wealthiest of the Buddhist establish- evjdence that good feeling is now ments. Christianity, on the other growing between the Governmenthand, has distinctly grown in the esti- General and the missionaries. This mation of thoughtful and earnest is very satisfactory; because we hope men. Baron Shibusawa, the foremost that the latter will continue in their business man and banker in the em- good work in the peninsula, which is pire, has been having teachers come certainly in need of disinterested ento instruct him in the Bible, and deavors for the moral and religious Count Okuma and others have said elevation of its people." quite openly that they see no solution of the race questions between the The Religious Need. of China United States and Japan except through the Christian religion. The The events of the year have in no wise diminished a similar moral and religious need in China. The repub- missionary reports conditions which lican forms of government and the are typical: democratic yeast upheaving the ac- "As I look back over the trip, the one tual administration and institutions thing which remains most clearly in my of the land have temporarily disap- mind is the new eagerness on the part of peared, but human thought can not these many people to listen. I have be turned backward, and the new life often been in crowds during my life in has come to China to stay and to China, but never before in such listenwork out in Chinese ways the new ing crowds, never wh~n there were so destiny of the nation. The threat- many who seemed to come, not because ened establishment of Confucianism of curiosity, but because they wanted to as the State religion, with the abridg- hear about God. It is a very inspiritment of the principle of free relig- ing memory, and a very sobering one, ious liberty has ended for the pres- too, for how are we meeting this op- portunity? How are we entering into ent in the provision of certain cere- these new doors which God has so monial observances in Peking and a . wonderfully opened for us? Perhaps certain official emphasis on Confu- we .should meet it with the same prayer cianism, which has not hindered the that was overheard among the women in spread or the influence of Christianity, Meng Chen. A roomful were trying tc and which has not succeeded in memorize the Lord's Prayer. There putting any real vitality into the old was much noise and confusion, and one ancestral system of China. Some of faithful old soul, trying in vain to keep the Confucian propagandist organiza- up, finally went off to a corner, and she tions have dismally collapsed. Of the was heard there repeating a little prayer one thousand members of the Hong of her own. It was short, and she said it softly, again and again-"O Lord, Kong Confucianist association, only thankful and unworthy."

forty attended the meeting last sum- Progress in India mer, and the failure of the work was sorrowfully acknowledged. The results of the India census of 191I have appeared during the year, The war in Europe has given and show a growth of Christianity in China a breathing space. It has pre- India far in excess of the boldest vented its contracting any more for- missionary hopes. eign loans, which is a good thing, and it has allowed it to try to reor- The total number of Christians in ganize its government without the India at the time of the census was foreign machinations and exploita- 3,876,203, or 12 per mille of the popula- tions which of old made Peking a tion. During the decade since the pre- nauseous place. A new spirit breathes vious census, the increase was 32.6 per through the administration, and while cent., and the number of Christians has little more than a beginning has more than doubled since 1881. The probeen made, nevertheless it is a new portional increase is by far the greatest era that has begun, as anyone who in the Panjab, where there are now three has dealings with Peking can dis- times' as many Christians as in 190I; cover. in the Central Provinces and Behar the increase is 169 per cent., and in Hyder- The missionary opportunity remains abad, Assam, and the United Provinces undiminished. A country itinerating the increases are 136, 89, and 7S per cent., respectively. Lutherans, chiefly know the character and power of Islam found in Madras and in Behar and as never before; 3. The political power Orissa, have increased by 41 per cent., of Islam has collapsed and almost all of and Methodist adherents are two and a the Moslem world is under Christian half times as numerous as a decade ago. governments; 4. The social and intel- Presbyterians have achieved even more lectual status and standards of Islam are remarkable results. With r81,000 ad- changing; 5. There is a present-day herents they are more than three times spiritual crisis and opportunity in Islam.

as numerous as in 190r. The Panjab has shown a phenomenal increase among The developments of the year con- Presbyterians, whose numbers have firmed these statements. The old grown from 5,000 to 95,000 in the ten unity of the Mohammedan world is years. gone. Perhaps it never existed politi- cally to the extent that has been As to the effect of Christianity on the usually represented, just as it is sure converts, Mr. Blunt, one of the Census that it never existed theologically. Superintendents, draws attention to the The call to a Holy War, and the greater cleanliness of dress and habits union of Islam against Christendom, among converts as compared with the which has issued from Turkey has classes from whom they are drawn. "The fallen upon unheeding ears. The new convert, maybe, is no better than his predecessors; but a new generation, the children of the first generation of only Moslem people who enjoy peace, converts, is now growing up. . . . The justice, and prosperity are those who children of the converts, born in Chris- have lived under nominally Christian tianity, are .very different from their governments. Why should they reparents; their grandchildren will be spond to a call to follow leaders better still. It is this which provides the whose incompetence is written in the other side to the black picture so often tragedy of Mohammedan ruin and drawn of the inefficiency of Christian decay? conversion. . . . The Hindu fellows of these converts' have now to acknowledge, There are no adequate facts at not only that the Christians are in hand to show what advance Islam material ways better off than the Hindus may have made in Africa this year.

but that they are also better men." The In Persia, while Moharrem was ob- Mysore Superintendent, himself a Hindu, served with more zeal than for some says, that missionaries work mainly years, it seems to have been the zeal among the backward classes, and "that "not of the full faith but of the lurkthe enlightening influence of Christianity ing doubt." The Boundary Commisis patent in the higher standard of com- sion was locating the disputed line fort of the converts, and their sober, between Turkey and Russia when disciplined, and busy lives." the war broke out, and three weeks Interest in Mohammedans before Turkey began hostilities in the At the Student Volunteer Conven- Black Sea her Kurdish subjects tion in January Dr. Zwemer gave five crossed the newly defined line to atreasons for a new missionary interest tack the Russians in U rumia. in the Mohammedan peoples: ' The most interesting single fact 1. For the first time in history the among the Moslem peoples, apart whole of Christendom is face to face from the war, was the proposed ab- with the whole of Islam; 2. To-day we rogation by Turkey of the capitulation defining the rights and privi- scribed in the newspapers, and least leges of foreigners resident in the of all by Rustem Bey, but it prob- Turkish Empire. It is supposed by ably referred to the abrogation of many that these capitulations were extra-territoriality and customs imhumiliating regulations imposed on munities, such as Japan dealt with Turkey. by European nations, enforc- hy a reform of her codes and prisons ing the extra-territorial status of the and judicial systems and economic citizens of these nations, and abridg- administration, which secured a willing Turkey's sovereignty. Doubtless ing revision of their treaties by forsome abuses had grown up, and with eign powers and their relinquishment the desire of any nation, as Japan or of their former privileges. Siam, to exercise a full national autotlQmy, our people have ever sympa- It was the European war which thized. But the capitulations have seemed to afford Turkey an occahad a far greater significance than sion for her action, and for the last our ordinary thought has assigned six months of the year the war enthem, and they embody a long his- tered into everything everywhere and tory. It was not foreigners who im- is now affecting the life of the world posed them on Turkey. It was Tur- in all its renlotest recesses, and will Key who imposed them on her Chris- affect it forever. tian subjects and on foreigners. Indeed, we can go further back, and The Effects of the World-War find the extra-territorial features of the capitUlations in existence before There is room here only for brief the Turks conquered Constantinople. reference to some of the effects of and can see them taken up by the the gigantic conflict upon missions. Mohammedans as the only possible Indeed, this is all that is relevant or device for providing for the con- appropriate. tinued residence in the Mohammedan state of subjects whose presence the The immediate economic effects of Mohammedan rulers desired, but for the war were most embarrassing. The whom some exemption from Moham- cost of exchange advanced. In some medan law had to be provided. To fields it was impossible to get money abolish all the capitulations now to the missionaries at all. In lands would bring Turkey's Christian sub- where trade was chiefly export and jects and foreign residents under laws import, and whose revenues dependwhich prohibit peaceful relations be- ed upon duties upon such trad~, ..s tween Moslems and non-Moslems, re- in Chile, for example, a d~sastrous quire the latter to become Moslems commercial depression fell. TraNSor to pay tribute, and provide that portation was disarranged and, – in the collection of this tax be made some cases, as in Western Africa, harshly. Such a situation would be wholly ceased. The cost of all forimpossible, alike for Turkey and for eign . business increased through adother nations. And Turkey could vanced freight and insurance charges. – not contemplate it. The abolition Income from the customary sources proposed has not accurately been de- of fees, .contributions, etc., upon the mission fields decreased. And at home the first instinct on the part of men was the contraction and curtailment of gifts, threatening the cutting now, 'Turnhara Masih kahan ?-Where off of the home support of missions. now is your Christ? Why is it that Chris- Many of these difficulties have since tianity has failed to save Europe, and diminished. The industrial depres- even non-Christian India has to come to sion in most countries still continues, the rescue and help to stop this unholy however, tho not without its blessings war' Oh, it is sad indeed; our mouths if if leads nations like the· Latin- are shut. Dr. – – said to me two days American states to depend less upon ago, I haven't the heart now to preach export duties and on continual loans to the people of India. What can I say from Europe. In the United States, to them? Oh, pray for us and pray for happily, as during the Civil War, the the work here, that God may take care first instinct to cut down benevolent of it and remove this terrible reproach.'Y giving has been succeeded by a fresh recognition of the claim of the Chris- In Africa Dr. Cairns' forecast of tian principle of sacrifice, and it battles between Germans and British seems likely that missionary gifts on the African lakes, which missionmay increase not only in spite of aries discovered, and before the eyes the war but because of it. of African Christians, has been ful- fi:led. In Kamerun the poor people, The distressing influence of such dumbfounded by the sight of white un-Christian conflict between nomi- men fighting one another, have taken nally Christian powers upon the to the bush in terror, and the effect thought of the non-Christian nations has been made worse by the incitewas at once perceived and deplored. ment of African tribes to join in the The evidence of this influence has conflict, as the Indians were engaged been only too prompt and clear. "The in the early wars in America. It is sight of eighteen to twenty million all dreadful enough. And yet there men," says the Peking Gazette, "en- is another side to the picture. "I gaged in the brutish work of slaugh- believe on the whole," writes one ter-in the filth of blood-is indeed missionary, from India, "that the war a terrible commentary upon the in- has had a wholesome effect upon Influence of Christianity in Europe dia. These people out here are quite during the past nineteen hundred able to distinguish between real and years. The situation is so startling superficial Christianity, and as the in the contrast presented between war is making people sober and theory and practise, that a mere pa- thoughtful, I believe it will lead to a gan is surely permitted to ask, what great outpouring of God's Holy can our missionary reader urge in Spirit upon all flesh." defense of events now happening in 'Christian' E,urope?" The repudiation of Christianity by western civilization has also cleared One quotation from a missionary up a great deal of confusion in misletter is representative of many: sionary preaching, and restored to many a pure Christian gospel. As "What shall we say of this wicked, one missionary writes from China: this most unjustifiable war? Or to put it differently, what do the non-Christians "The war will have a very marked in India say of it? What answer can we effect on the whole work of the Church give when they say to us, as they do in foreign lands. I believe we will have a better Gospel to preach, however, when we disregard the argument of the great forward the work of the past years, it prosperity of those lands that profess can only be by the assistance of others. Christianity. The outbreak of innate The history of the societies concerned, savagery and brutality revealed through the large benefits in philanthropic, eduthis war makes us realize anew how the cational and evangelistic effort which most advanced modern sciences do not India has received from their labors, necessarily carry with them more of the make it imperative that all possible steps spirit of Christ. I believe on all mission should be taken to preserve the confields the missionaries have found them- tinuity of the work they are doing. selves driven back to a new study of the life and teaching of Jesus and a more "It is true that most of us are ourvital interpretation of many of His words selves feeling the strain of the present that were glossed over in compliance crisis. There has been curtailment of with the spirit of the age. Christianity our own efforts and the financial sky is will have to become more Christian." by no means clear. It may, however, be possible to give a personal monthly dona- One of the most dreadful conse- tion of at least Rs. 10 to enable our Conquences of the war has been the tinental brethren and sisters to carryon rupture of the international fellow- their work for India and Christ while ships which have been so laborious- the war lasts." ly built up, and to which the Edinburgh Conference made so great a Not altogether, thank God, have we contribution. In nothing have the lost the wonder of the early daysboasted glories of war more belied "Behold how these Christians love themselves ,than in their murderous one another." influence upon the larger human brotherhood. The unification of the Into what new world the war will Protestant missionary forces of the thrust us forth when at last its awful world has been halted, and greater thunders shall have died away no man difficulty has been developed in the can foretell. Shall we have a new R9man Catholic Church, whose bish- age of peace on furrowed soils where ops are arrayed across the gulf of ra- we have buried the armaments which -:. cial hate and war. But, on the other hand, whatever ties still hold acros~ have crusht mankind, or will the the chasms are the Christian ties, and statesmen who brought on the war Christians have been prompt to unite show themselves as impotent to learn to relieve those who have been left its lessons as they were to prevent its destitute by whatever nation. Some horrors? Shall there be a new comof the American missionary socie- pany of true nationalities each fulties, for example, have authorized filling its mission in the bonds of a their missionaries to give needed help world brotherhood? Shall the backto German and French missionaries, ward nations be helped unselfishly to and the National Missionary Council find their full place in the .human of India, whose president is the Ang- family? Shall the strong bear the lican Metropolitan, has issued an ap- burdens of the weak and not please peal for a "Continental Mission Re- themselves? To these and a score of lief Fund," in which it says: kindred questions the past year has answered, "No." Shall this new year "If Continental Mi~sions are to carry or some year after it, show itself worthy to be called a year of our Lord by answering, "By the strength of God, Yes?"

War and the Way

BY GILBERT A. BEAVER, NEW YORK HEN Schiller sang "all those who know the love of Christ were uniting, as never before, to show IWI ~en .sha~l b: brothers," its true meaning to the, world, and hls msplratlOn cam e when the races hitherto in ignorance from J e sus Christ. or in doubt about it were becoming ~ • Christ alone "has set eager to learn its application to them- forevermore in human selves-at this supreme time of tran- thought . . . the vision of a civiliza- sition, these races are called to wit- tion in which each man in every na- ness professedly Christian peoples in . tion shall wish for all men in all na- a life and death struggle of brute tions such a fair chance at all good force, and are even themselves drawn things as a man would like his broth- into battle on both sides of the de- ers to have."* This hope shines out in moralizing conflict. His teaching and in His prayers. It triumphs in His life and death, and This statement of actual conditions in His power to reproduce His char- is not meant to impeach the sincerity acter in others. or devotion of those on either side who believe that they are following The present world war brings in- the only possible course under the numerable contradictions of this hope. a p p a I lin g circumstances. Never- "Many international fellowships which theless, these very circumstances. and were contributing to its realization are their consequences must be considered now either shattered or are strained with courageous humility in order to the breaking point by the un- that all peoples may be helped to brotherly feelings and misunderstand- appreciate the better program of the i,ngs which war engenders. The Prince of Peace. If past wars have future is jeopardized, not only by the had results immeasurable and unfore- slaughter and malmmg of the seen, how much more should we ex- strongest, by the spread of disease pect far-reaching consequences from and misery, by the destruction of the present conflict, affecting, as it industries, and by the waste of great does, the entire world, and every- resources, but even more by the where stirring the thoughts and pur- moral degradation .which fo119wS poses of multitudes to unsuspected hatred, lust and other passions in- depths. No man can forsee what separable from war. hindrances may be raised, or what unparalleled opportunities may be Moreover, far beyond the imme- opened to the triumph of Christ. diate effects, criminations and recrim- But everyone who sees the only hope inations are everywhere breeding sus- of the future in His triumph is called picions, cynicism and despair of true by the very magnitude and complexity brotherhood., At the very time when of the issues involved to follow Co:~::::-'!' I~lot'l,:or~o~;~~or§t~fd~~tstc'ft~~~f;~ Federation" (page 32).

scrupulously His way of dealing with who ignore or limit His power lead them. the way to a new order of good will and righteousness in all the rf'- These issues can be understood only l<>tions of men and nations? How, as one appreciates, in the light of the on the other hand, can His folbest experience of himself and others, lowers lead the way if they are the transformation which Christ is careless in thought and speech, or waiting to complete in his own life, indifferent in faith and action, and the reasons for his own failur~ concerning great impending changes to reflect the brotherly character of in the social, industrial and po- Christ in any social, business, or litical fabric either of their own political relation. Is not the present community or of the world. "The war merely the multiplication of such spread of industrialism, with its failures? Undoubtedly more indi- struggle between capital and labor, viduals and nations are in some way the unification in political ideas, the responsible than have yet realized transformation of the status of their part in this world catastrophe. women, the triumph of the scientific But the way of escape is not found method in study, the practical by seeking first to fix responsibility standardization of education from lIpon others. Our Lord's condition the kindergarten to the university, for clear vision requires rather that are working changes in society beeach one should first cast out of his side which the differences of race, own life any feeling or motive which, history, climate, and even inherited intensified and multiplied, would in- religion seem almost incidental. crease unbrotherly relations between Western civilization is conquering the different classes or races. Moreover, world as it has conquered Europe and His commands to seek first our America. Will the Gospel conquer Father's Kingdom of brotherly love civilization? That is a vastly more and His righteousness, and to pray comprehensive question than whether that His will may be done on eardl it can conqtler Buddhism, Brahmaneven as it is done in Heaven, de- ism, or any other of the Asiatic remands the study and readjustment of ligions."* In the present plight of personal habits and purposes. These civilization, this central question commands of Christ require also that should drive us to Christ, Himself. His followers grapple with great All else has failed. This is the time issues which are involved in His pro- to try conclusively, to an extent gram for the world. never before attempted, both the preparation and the methods of If believers in Christ flinch from Jesus Christ. facing these personal and social questions in the spirit of His self-sacrifice, Christ'. Methods and Our'. what hope is there of any solution? In all history Christ alone has Because He came to give help to brought real brotherhood among men, not through His ethical teaching, men rather than to angels, therefore merely, but by the transforming "it behooved Him in all things to be power of His spirit in the life of made like unto His brethren, that individuals. How then can those "Dean Shailer Mathews, International Review of Missions, page 438.

· THE WAR AND THE WAY OUT

He might become a merciful and hopefulness. On that night of suffer- . faithful" representative of the people ing when the fear of Jewish hatred in sympathizing prayer. So much and Roman power was soon to at least, of the larger truth of the scatter His followers, Jesus prayed, Letter to the Hebrews applies to every with far-seeing faith, not for them one who would help to realize only, but for those also who would Christ's vision among men. In the believe on Him through their word. home where His own brothers did His prayer at the grave of Lazarus not believe on Him, in the car- suggests that He prepared for and penter shop and in the village life even accomplished His greatest works of despised Nazareth, as well as in when alone with God in prayer. It His crowded ministry, He identified throws light upon the way in which Himself with men of various occu- He often spent the night or early pations and points of view, was morning in a solitary place with His tempted as they were, and "learned Father. This was His habit after, obedience by the things which he as well as before, important events. suffered," in order that He might He also conserved His work in combe :liorever merciful and faithful to munion with God. tl1em. Of the perpetual work for which He thus prepared we are told Prayer was to Christ the means, that "He ever liveth to make inter- not only of helping individuals, but cession," and that thereby "He is of dealing with intricate social able to save to the uttermost." His problems. Then He had been· healcontinuing life of prayer is empha- ing, teaching, and preaching in the sized also in the Letter to the Ro- cities and villages of Galilee, and was mans as a ground for confidence in moved with compassion for the disthe ultimate triumph of the love of tressed and scattered multitudes, He God in a vast family of brothers.l saw with deeper insight than His disciples that the real difficulty was By this constancy in helping others not with the multitudes: "The harvest through prayer, Christ enforces the indeed is plenteous, but the laborers teaching and example of His earthly are few." For this reason, He turned life, and calls us to our most im- to the fundamental lack, and' comport.ant service. In Him we see manded: "Pray ye therefore the Lord that, as other duties vary with chang- of the harvest, that he send forth ing circamstance, and call for clear laborers into his harvest." This thinking and courageous sacrifice, diagnosis is correct for the world the duty of prayer for others, as well as of personal communion with God, to-day; this remedy applies to ill must always be given primacy in order to insure the right preparation social disorders. Christ goes to the and performance of all else. heart of present problems when He calls His disciples to pray for At the great CrISIS in Simon laborers who share His spirit ami Peter's life, Christ first prayed for who will employ His methods. him, then warned him with loving Shall Christ-like leadership, on 'See Romans 8: 26·39, Weymouth's translation which everything e1s'e depends, come into modern speech. to Church and State at home and abroad? Shall it come out of the

tribulation of Europe and the un- based on scholarly and world-wiele rest of Asia? "The laborers are few, investigations. In. the light of recent pray ye therefore." Shall the leaders events, these conclusions become a of the coming day be delivered from prophetic challenge, calling us to a false ideals, from selfish ambitions, more absolute dependence upon God, from habits which make men slaves? and to an undisc0urageable practise "This kind can come out by nothing, of prayer, such as the first followers save by prayer." Shall they learn to of Christ learned directly from Him. work by prayer as the first apostles had to learn to work before they "The Apostles were driven· back could accomplish lasting results? on their memories of the Lord, they The laws of spiritual life have not were driven into closer fellowship changed since the first century. with Him, because the opportunities and the dangers of their task taught Since then, however, the tempta- them the insufficiency of all their tions to depend upon material re- past discoveries of Him. New faith sources and upon merely human in- is always born out of new emergenfluence and organization have become cies. .. . The historic peculiarity of more subtle and insistent than ever. the present situation is that, after Shall this disastrous dependence be long neglect, the Church is once again continued in the present extremity of facing the emergency. The age~ the world's need, and notwithstand- which flinched from facing. that ing its revelation of human in- emergency were necessarily shut off sufficiency? In transformations of from . . . the pressure of that excharacter, Christian activities to-day, tremity of need which is God's optho more numerous than ever, have portunity of revelation. To-day we proved with instructive exceptions, stand in that extremity once more. comparatively fruitless and fragment- . . . We have before this present ary. Prayer can fill all these ac- generation one of the greatest perils tivities with the transforming power and one of the greatest opportunities of love and unity. The need in the of human history. . . . As compared present collapse of man's devices is, with the numbers, the resources, and therefore, not merely to mUltiply the organization of the Church toactivity and money, but primarily to day, the Church of old was but a multiply prayer, the secret of all feeble thing when it adventured forth fruitful activity. into the great arena of the empire to win it for God. But in its faith in The Verdict of Leaders God, in Christ, in the Spirit, in the power of prayer, in its love, and in This need is expressed in many its unity, its life was of a nobler tone. ways; in none, perhaps, more im- It was able, therefore, to believe in pressively than in the independent victory, and so victory came, however conclusions of representative states- partial that victory might be. . . . men, educators, and leaders of the So only can the Church of to-day Church in all lands who served on rise out of its divisions and compardifferent commissions of the Edin- ative impotence. . . . Weare back burgh Conference. Their conclusions once more in the ancient condition. are particularly noteworthy because

WAR AND THE WAY OUT

Duty has led us into extremity, and may have a real share in the' mis- extremity casts us upon' God."2 sionary labors of the Church if they "Every grave crisis in the expan- will give themselves to the mighty sion of Christianity which has been ministry of prayer. It is the successfully met has been met by highest effort of which the human the faithfulness of Christ's disciples spirit is capable. Proficiency and in the secret place. That there is power in prayer cannot be attained a necessary connection between the without patient continuance and prayers of Christians on the one much practise. The primary need is hand, and on the other hand, the not the multiplication of prayer revealing of Christ's plan, the meetings but that individual raising up of workers, and the Christians should learn to pray. If releasing of the great spiritual forces this work is to be taken seriously, of the Kingdom, is a fact as clearly the hour of prayer must be definitely established as any fact can be estab- set apart and jealously guarded in lished. The Church has not spite of weariness and many dis- yet discovered, still less begun to tractions.'"

realize, the limitless possibilities of Essential Conditions intercession. How to multiply the The conditions for effective prayer correspond to the conditions for number of Christians who . . . will Christ-like character. They can be learned in no easier way than Christ wield this force for the conversion Himself found necessary. We must take time and pains to be human in and transformation of men, for the the deep and broad sense in which He became human. We must share inauguration and energizing of spiri- His sympathetic contact with our brother's need as well as His intimate tual movements, and for the breaking communion with our Father. "To get to man by way of God, and God down of all that exalts itsel f against by way of man, is the only way to keep the entire health of the soul." Christ and His purposes-that is the A life of prayer grows rich, strong and free from strain in proportion tn supreme question of foreign mis- the closeness and constancy of Iel-' lowship with Christ in His ministry sions."3 to men. In no other way can we share His sympathetic insight into "The greatest leaders of the mis- the deep needs and latent possibilities of individuals, and exercise through sionary enterprise have been men of Him a transforming faith on their behalf. This is a matter not merely prayer. The volume of testimony is of the affections and the understand- ing, but of the will. "If any man overwhelming that 'Prayer is power.'

. . . The missionary enterprise has led many adventurous spirits to ex- plore unknown territories and tread unbeaten paths. The same spirit of adventure is needed to discover the wealth and resources of life in God.

The work of evangelization must wait until Christian people resolutely set themselves to put to the proof 'the availability of God for faith. Many who cannot go to the mission field .2 Commission IV. "'The Missionary Message." 'Commission VI. "The Home Base of Missions," Chapter VII, General Conclusions. Chapter I.

·Commission T. "Carrying the Gospel to all the non·Christian World." Part III.

willeth to do his will, he shall know so leads into the deepest experiences of the teaching." "If ye abide in me of Christ's heart and mind. May and my words abide in you, ask not, therefore, a loving Father well whatsoever ye will." condition His own activity upon the prayers of His children in order that These are Christ's conditions also they may learn to think and desire for dissolving doubt. The way to and achieve with Him, in the fellowdiscover the real possibilities of ship of His Son, and so have His prayer is to learn from Christ its Spirit become their disposition. Jn true nature and requirements, and to this way only can they be fitted for follow Him in its daily practise. Let the greatest usefulness. The un-' a man begin to pray so far as he conscious influence of Christ-like honestly can, even if at first he character has proved more pervasive seeks' only to know God and to be and potent for the real transformareconciled to Him. But let him not tion of individuals and races than hesitate to pray for others because has all the knowledge and power of of any supposed conflict with a fixed self-sufficient men. order of nature. By persevering to follow Christ in prayer, he will Enlisting Others learn that- God is "in some vital sense a personal being, and, therefore, can When the character of Christ is do what other persons can do. reflected in daily living, and His namely, put a thought into the mind practise of private prayer is made a of a man. This opens a wide door great reality, the desire and purpose for answer to prayer, because almost to pray will be communicated to all of the petitions we ever have oc- others also. After Jesus had becn casion to make to God are such as praying in a certain place, one of can be answered by His producing his disciples said:. "Lord, teach us feeling and thought in the mind of to pray." Unselfish prayer will lead some man."5 Prayer moves in a tiS also into the most sympathetic and realm where its laws can be verified helpful relations with our fellow only by experiment. men. Like Christ, we should identify ourselves with those for whom we In this time of testing for men and pray, and also with those who pray nations, the needs of the world and with us. No kind of meeting for of one's own soul call for great ven- prayer seems more neglected in our tur.es in prayer for others. Men wait day than that for which Christ refor faith to gain mastery of them- peatedly set the example, and espeselves, for love to make real brother- cially promised His presence-the inhood possible. Nothing purifies and timate meeting "where two or three strengthens both faith and love like are gathered" in His name. Shall definite, persevering prayer for not our Lord's promise be appreothers. Nothing brings men so in- ciated and given more constarit fultimately into friendship and co- filment in daily life by taking operation with God; because nothing advantage of the opportunities for prayer with one or two others which 'See further, "Can Prayer accomplish anything will surely come if we are praying aoart from the man who prays?" an address by Dean Bosworth, published by the Laymen's Mis· sionary Movement, New York City.

and watching for them, and also by country move us to pray that their making regular appointments for sacrifices may not be made in vain prayer? Many who hesitate to take by bringing only a deceptive peace the initiative are eager to respond. which will prepare for deadlier war- Immeasurable influences will flow fare. Christ offers the on(y alter- from even two learners who have native. Therefore, let us pray that, each other's confidence, and are through the sufferings and disillu- uniting at any cost to cooperate with sionments of this war, men and Christ in praying for any who need women of all nations may find in help–for those bearing large respon- Him the undying love and the per- sibilities and facing far-reaching de- suasive righteousness which He cisions, as well as for the tempted, reveals and makes possible. How perplexed and discouraged. When a can lasting peace ever be established group meeting for this purpose grows.. without these great essentials of en- in numbers, it can often multiply its during character and government?6 influence by dividing, and thus escape the danger of formalism. In making the objects for prayer vivid to the minds of those who have Such groups will prepare the way met for intercession, care is necessary for larger meetings for united inter- lest too much speaking take the place cession, which should broaden the of sufficient time given to prayer horizon and enlarge the sympathies itself. Moreover, no amount of time by presenting vividly great needs and spent in united prayer can compensate objects for prayer. For instance, the for the loss of adequate preparation unusual opportunities and difficulties in secret, on which Christ laid such of real brotherhood, now arising from stress by His teaching and His ex- deep dissatisfaction with things as ample. This alone will increase they are in Europe, in Asia, and in vicarious prayer; without it public our own land, and the consequent prayer and talk about prayer becomes need for right leadership, and for empty and even repellent. When the true missionary spirit as "a moral Charles Simeon had given private equivalent for war," should be prayer the chief place in his life, brought home to men concretely until and let nothing interfere with its they realize their own responsibility daily practise, students of Cam- and insufficiency. Then experiences bridge University came to his rooms like those of Abraham Lincoln will week after week to learn the ways . follow: "I have been driven many of God with men. He had won his times to my knees by the overwhelm- battle with sloth by forfeiting a ing conviction that I had nowhere sovereign every time he allowed his else to go." No one comes to his hahit of prayer to be broken. He fuIIest dependence upon God, or to the literally prayed his way through op- most effective practise of prayer, position and ill-treatment at Cam- until he faces an urgent need, and bridge, and for fifty years profoundly . realizes that only God is sufficient. Shall not the very hopelessness of 8 Many have been helped in the present· emer~ multitudes who are now paying the gency by '4Aids to Prayer," a cycle for daily use in full measure of devotion to their view o~ alI that is involv~d in this war. (Mi~lionary Education Movement, 156 Fifth. Avenue, New York, 20 cents lIer dozen, or $1.00 per Iltuldted.)

influenced students to enter the min- same seriousness and strength of purpose that it has devoted to other istry and the mission field. Well forms of Christian effort, it will see the Kingdom of God come with might Lord Macaulay, looking back power . . . The call that is most urgent and most insistent is that on his own student days, say of Christian men and women should deeply resolve to venture out and Simeon, "His influence extended make trial of the unexplored depths of the character and resources of from Cambridge to the most remote God."7 Shall we not take Christ at His word, and individually and corner of England. His real sway unitedly conform to His conditions and commands for effectual prayer? over the Church was far greater "Enter into thine inner chamber, and having. shut thy door, pray to thy than that of any Primate." Father."

How best to encourage and direct 'JCommissio.n VI. "The Home Base of Missions."

prayer is the problem of the greatest undeveloped possibilities in the whole range of Christian service. Why has not this "whole subject .

yet received the careful thought and serious investigation that its import- ance deserves? When the Church sets itself to pray with the Some Aids to Prayer* FOR AMERICAN CHRISTIANS IN VIEW OF THE PRESENT WAR T HE situation occasioned by the great me consider with honesty and thor- war presents the largest and most in- oughness: sistent call to intercession which has ever Wherein my own patriotism has been come to the Christian people of America. The highest office of friendship is to help tainted by national glorification, our friends in the deepest things of life, suspicion, ill-will, or any manifestaand the deepest things of life are those tion of a selfish or unbrotherly spirit. which have to do with preserving a right Wherein I have been blinded by trarelation between man and God and be- dition or popular ~pinion to the tween man and man. Among the differ- moral and spiritual evil in warfare. ent ways of helping in the present world Wherein I have failed to exert my crisis, there is none which will compare influence, however limited, in favor in vital importance with that of wielding of basing international relationships the force of prayer. . . . upon righteousness and good-will. Wherein I have failed to show the love The cultivation of the habit of re- of Christ in discharging my social, flection on the character, wishes and re- business, and political responsibilisources of God will establish confidence ties and in fulfilling my personal in Him, lead to a better understanding obligations to those of other nations of His will, and help to ensure effective and races. prayer. Let me confess my sins and shortcomings I-My Own Attitude to my merciful Heavenly Father, in whom all men are brothers, and seek In the light of what is true and with the His full forgiveness. illumination of God's Holy Spirit, let "Extracts from a leaflet that may be had at 20 cents per dozen, or $1.00 per hundred, postpaid, from The Missionary Education Movement, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York.

AIDS TO PRAYER

Let me give my life with new obedience That all who through this war are and daring faith to praying as my brought to poverty or hunger may feel Lord commands: Our Father, Thy the nearness of the Great Burden- Kingdom corne, Thy will be done on bearer, and that those who have the earth as it is in heaven. . . . comforts of life may be led in the spirit of Christ to' provide effective II-For International Justice and relief. Good-will That they may realize as never before That all who mold public opinion or that through Christ alone can races have authority in the warring nations and nations corne into right relations may be purged of every evil motive, with one another, and may devote endowed with clear and balanced themselves to accomplishing His all- minds, given the needed courage and sufficient program for the world.. humility to uphold what is right and follow what is true, and be restrained V-For Christians Everywhere from whatever would hinder the early establishment of a lasting peace. . . . That the hearts of Christian people may be lifted above all tumult and strife to That those in positions of influence or God in His majesty and love, and that power in neutral nations may be given through this time of stress the bonds an impartial, unselfish and righteous which unite those who are in Christ attitude toward the nations in mortal may be maintained unbroken. . . . combat, and may be alert and wise to seize every opportunity for promoting That the present experiences may con- a new international understanding vince Christians everywhere of the founded on principles of cooperation sins which make war possible; may and justice. . . impres's upon them the wide range of their civic and political responsi- III-For Those Who Are Fighting bilities. . . .

That the soldiers and sailors engaged in That they may be especially eager and the present conflict may be kept from wise to lead those who are tempted, yieldirrg to lust, vainglory, revenge, perplexed or discouraged to the source or other unholy passion, and that in of strength, wisdom, and hope in Jesus the midst of peril they may be bold Christ, our Lord. through life or death to put their trust in God. . . . VI-For Christian Work Throughout the World ~ That those who minister to the physical or spiritual needs of the sick and That non-Christian peoples may be able wounded may manifest more and more of the sympathy, skill and faithful- to distinguish between certain motives ness of Christ Himself. which lead to war and the unselfish IV-For All Affected by the War purpose of the Prince of Peace, and, That those who are bound by ties of blood or friendship to the men in the by the very tragedy of what is at fighting forces may cast all their cares upon Jesus Christ, and be brought variance with His will, may be im- through the fellowship of His suffer- ing to give themselves with abandon pelled to seek first His Kingdom and to praying and working for a civiliza- tion that shall realize His vision. . . . His righteousness. . . . .

That all missionaries and Christian workers may be granted, in this time of anxiety and suffering, an unfalter- ing faith in God and in His all-em- bracing plan, and may sanctify them- selves anew for Christ-like service in

the difficulties' and opportunities which vance of His Kingdom falters, the challenge their faith. victories that wait for reinforce- ments. . . . VII-For the Missionary Spirit That by the self-sacrificing loyalty of That those who are fitted in mind and heart for Christian leadership may be millions to their country, Christian preserved amid the perils of war and people everywhere may be inspired disciplined by its hardships for a more with complete devotion to undertake faithful and effective service in the the spiritual conquest of the woricl for caus'e of Christ. Christ, and to win, wherever the ad- Missions and Militarism BY WILLIAM C. ALLEN, SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA WELL-KNOWN mis- stood with fixt bayonets over it the sionary from China re- various Christian faiths would have cently illustrated the massacred each other long ago." handicap of western militarism upon mi<;- But not alone do the Oriental sionary effort by the Christians in the Holy Land come following incident. One day when under condemnation. We;tern Eupreaching upon "The Love of Christ rope and America are also recreant to and the Brotherhood of Christians," the sweet basic principles of love an old Chinese shambled up, struck which were emphasized by the Saan attitude in front of him, and in- vior, and were unqualifiedly confirmed terrupted with the question: by His early followers. "Vhere do you come from?" "The United States." Joshua Rowntree, M.P., in "Brute "Got any warships?" Force versus Brotherhood," has writ- "Yes." ten: "Christendom, to its lasting The old man gave a grunt of dis- shame, has been compelling the dain and shuffled away. My mis- Chinese by the fear of the partition sionary friend said to me: "That of their Empire to copy its own mort' sermon was spoiled-but what could efficient and exalted battle array, and I say?" iO introduce for the first time mili- A Jewish writer has declared that, "Above all, the war makers are the tary exercises into their schools. Ts favorites of Christian people." KiamiI Pasha, the recent head of it generally recognized that if China the Turkish Cabinet, speaking of the goes on arming and drilling up to bitter spirit manifested by Christians the European standards she will come at the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem to possess an army of thirty-six miltauntingly declared: "Had not Turkey lions of men?"

Sir Robert Hart, whose eminent services 011 behalf of the Chinese Empire are well-known, gravely sug- gested that China may some time use this force to compel Christian abroad and at the same time help to nations to disarm. He asks, "Could furbish the sword at home? Does any satire be more severe on the she preach Jesus as the exponent of militarism and mammon worship of eternal Love to the pagan and at the Christendom ?" same time, without protest, allow her A Tokyo newspaper rises up in statesmen menacingly to throw a judgment against Christian countries cruiser at his feet?

as follows: "It is well that mission- Why should the Church fail to aries and supporters of Christian trust the promises of the Prince of missions to 'the heathen' should know Peace? Why should she not every- that the Oriental mind now defines where testify to the reality of her Christianity as battle-ships, cannons, conviction that preparation for war and rifles, devised and constructed -which in spite of lame reasoning for the plunder of the earth. The to the contrary both psychologically bleeding figure on the Cross which and physically makes for strife–is missionaries hold up to the view of outside of the Gospel and is admit- non-Christian peoples gets blurred out tedly a sin?

of their sight, for on their horizon The Friends-or Quakers as. they looms largely the figure of the armed are often called-have during a no- robber, with cannon and rifles level- table existence of 250 years had the led, threatening 'your country or your most extraordinary experiences in life.' " civil and international wars among Some acknowledge this is all too barbarous and civilized peoples, and true, but hopelessly inquire: "How yet not one consistent Friend during can we help ourselves? Can we dis- all that period has lost his life on arm? Is not the thought Utopian?" that account. Does God really take In the first place let it be said that care of those who put their trust in if the big international combinations Him? If we prepare for war, we of military men, manufacturers .of will have war-as the European situ- armaments, contractors, and the ation amply proves-if we prepare "armor-plate press," all of which for peace we will have peace.

make prestige or millions out of this The modern missionary is an am- un-Christianlike business, fail to bassador of peace. Trade does not cease manufacturing their war-scares so much follow the flag as it does or do not stop their poverty-creating the path blazed by the missionary.

work, no doubt democracy at no dis- The Japan Mail has acknowledged tant period will compel them to do that "no person has done as much as so. Labor unions, educators, bankers, the missionary to bring foreigners and chambers of commerce, as never and Japanese into close intercourse."

before, are grappling with this ques- The late Samuel B. Capen, former tion. President of American Board of Where is the Church with all her Commissioners for Foreign Missions, home machinery and with all her quoted Sir Chas. Warren, Governor foreign mission work? Does she lag of Natal, who said: "For the pre- behind? Does she lack faith in her servation of peace between the col- Christ? Does she exalt trust in God onists and the natives one missionaI} is worth a battalion of soldiers." the very context of everything that Missionaries in many oountries have Christ ever did and said." He reproved their influence in shaping the minded his hearers that the success diplomacy of the world owing to of the world-mission is recognized their superior knowledge of local by its leaders to be closely wrapt conditions, combined with personal up with the preservation of concord reputations, which inexperienced gov- among the nations. ernment representatives or officials from abroad can not always com- The reports indicate that Amerimand.. can Protestants contributed in the year 1913 the sum of $16,398,000 to Under such circumstances a broad foreign missions. That is only a vision will indicate that the possi- trifle over the cost of a single battlebilities of the foreign missionary are ship. The same group of Protesalmost limitless. It is the oft-times tants, almost without thinking about failure of his friends at home to it, expend annually, by means of testify against the non-Christianity of direct or indirect taxation, many militarism that so frequently handi- times more than $16,398,000 for the caps him. He, of sheer necessity, most improved murderous machinery, preaches the fundamentals. He does and naval equipment, that will lie idle not preach so much the Mosaic law and useless unless they are used to as the Gospel of Christ, which is kill and mangle "Christians" or based on the fulness of love. Unless "pagans" for whom Christ died. Does the missionary can show his pagan not this fact unconsciously chill our critics-who nowadays know what hearts? Does it not affect our ability goes on in the world-the practical to contribute more money to the affect of the operation of that love missionary work of the Church of as indicated individually and inter- Christ? nationally in the land from whence he came, his ministry must often be The Oriental races, particularly, nullified. His home church, if it is should know the real spirit of to realize to the fulI a rich fruitage, humanity and brotherhood that animust itself proclaim against anything mates the Christian people of Amerthat is glaringly contrary to the ica who send missionaries among gospel it professes. The church has them. They will never know this. testified at home and in non-Christian and their cultured classes will never lands against the evils of intoxicants, be disarmed of suspicions regarding and thel"e are reasons as potent and the ulterior intent of our civilization, fundamental why it should declare until the church organizations more against the hideous damage and pas- fully repudiate militarism as being in sions of militarism. We must be essence antagonistic to the religion of consistently loyal to our Prince of Jesus Christ. Keen business men are Peace if we are to win men per- denouncing war for business and manently to Him. economic reasons. The churches must do the same from humanitarian. Dr. John R. Mott recently referred religious and missionary considerto the ideal of peace as being-Hin ations.

OFFICERS OF THE SHANGHAI Y. M.C.A., AND THE MEN AND RELIGION

Will Christianity Win?

IS THE EVANGELIZATION OF THE WORLD A REALITY OR A DREAM?

BY FRED B. SMITH," NEW YORK Former Secretary of the International Committee of the Young Men's Christian Association CONFESS to having not. I still believe that, and would not turn aside even if no stronger evimI once cherished some dences had been forthcoming. But I sympathy with those am unspeakably thankful for the who have been bewil- impressions which have been vouch- dered by the practically safed in three tours to missionary – staggering task of pene- fields, bringing this program into the realm of actual reality. Nine years trating the seemingly bottomless pit ago I visited India; five years ago South Africa, and two years ago Asia of a bilIion souls, steeped for and South Africa. As a result I am fully persuaded that the evangelizacenturies in the superstitions of tion of the whole world is not only a moral and spiritual obligation upon non-Christian faiths. For many years those who call themselves Christians I held to a theological sympathy and cooperation with foreign missions be- cause I knew the program of spread- ing the G 0 s pel everywhere was right, whether it ever succeeded or "Mr. Smith returned not . long ago from a world tour which brought him in contact with the missions and missionaries of Japan, China, South Africa, and India. He did Dot go primarily upon a campaign of missionary promotion or investigation-a fact whicb adds something to tlle si~i.ficancc of hia conclusions. The impressions may also have been intensified by tbe fact that be has never been officially related to any foreign missionary soeiety, but haa been more taken up with home problema.

but I am filled with great joy in the placed upon "time" as well as eterdeeper conviction that it is being ac- nity, upon what result any given complished. I do not venture any faith may produce in helping people prophesies concerning the proportion to live their highest and best lives of growth in actual communicants to here and now, then the collapse of the the various churches. "iVhile that is old non-Christian faiths is surely forean important item, it is not the sover- told. Christian schools, colleges, unieign one. I do not see any spiritual versities, hospitals, doctors, and farmalchemy by which all the people of ers as well as evangelists, furnish the Orient will suddenly become good, an unanswerable argument for the happy and prosperous. All the peo- final universal reign of Christ. ple of Great Britain, Germany and the United States are not members of This unrest is not seen only in the the churches, or good, happy and Orient, for in a greater or lesser deprosperous, and yet, in spite of preva- gree it is everywhere. But wherever lent evils, there are in these nations the call is being sounded for democstrong evidences of the power of the racy, the rights of women, the proper principles of our Lord and Savior care of children, economic justice, J eSlls Christ. There are also signs and all human welfare, Christianity that the triumph of these same blest welcomes it with an open mind and truths is coming in the non-Christian a glad heart as a part of the Gospel lands. The activity of Mohamme- of Jesus. The absolute indiffetertce dans in A f ric a, of Buddhists in of traditional Buddhism, Mohammed- Japan, of Hindus in India, or of ism, Hinduism, Shinto and Confu- Confucianists in China can have no cianism to these appeals, as contrastpermanent effect on the ultimate re- ed with the alertness of the leaders sult. The sovereign principles of and exponents of Christianity to pro- Jesus Christ are destined to conquer mote them as a necessary result of the worI'd. This conviction is based their faith, leaves room for but one upon the following carefully thought- conclusion, namely that the evangelout impressions. ization of the world by the Gospel message is· to be a reality.

First: The openly admitted dissatis- Second: The character and quality faction of the leading men of the of the representatives of the non-Christian nations with the Church in the foreign field. results of the old religions. Not all who have gone as mission- At every point of the compass we aries to foreign fields have been men were brought into contact with the and women of exceptionally high unrest of the nations, with expres- character. There have been some sions of religion which have no solu- notable failures, for some societies tion for the real needs of living peo- have been lax in their selections. ple. So long as a religion professes But after ten years of close observato deal only with eternity, "Nir- tion I am persuaded that the avera.ge vana"-any kind of weird philos- quality is vastly higher than in the ophy may remain in the forum of home field. I am filled with confident debate. But when the emphasis is hope for the foreign missionary en-

CHRISTIANITY WIN?

terprise because, as a whole, the repre- Africa you must consult Rev. Fred- sentatives of the Church have so erick Bridgeman, of Transvaal." manifestly those elements which are necessary for victory. These men are all missionaries, and I believe that the sentiment is typical In the first place they are imbued of the impression being made by the with sacrificial devotion. God only knows the heart aches, the sorrows, c. S. LIANG, OF HONGKO NG the privations, the Gardens of Geth- Editor of the First Christian Daily P aper in China semane through which the conquering missionaries pass. They do not call major portion of those representing for pity, but I would be glad if the the C h u r chin the non-Christian inspiring thought could be grasped world. It is said that "knowledge is that these soldiers of the Cross at power," and if so it is not easy to the front are of that mettle which estimate the immense asset to the ·has always won mighty victories in Christian forces, which this thorough the world's great history. They have investigating habit of the missionaries to conquer climate, natural distaste is destined to be in the great final for alien and unlovely people, hostile struggle. social distinctions, bitter, unsavory reputations of Godless white men, In the third place, they are almost and superstitions steeped in centuries without exception people of deep perof traditions more binding than ever sonal religious experience. It is esknown in the West. Yet they stay sentiaLly no more spiritual· to serve , at their posts and win. This is of Christ faithfully in Borneo than it itself an omen of triumph. is in London. It is, however, quite possible to engage in . some form of , In the second place, they are for the most part careful students of the countries in which they serve. No one item was commented upon more often by the most leading men, native and foreigners, I met than this. A great educationalist in India said that the best·informed man concern.:. ing the whole life of that people was Dr. Robert A. Hume of Ahmednagar. A similar comment was made by a high official in Chi n a concerning Fletcher S. Brockman of Shanghai. Much the same thought was exprest by the Mayor of a Japanese City as to Bishop Merriman C. Harris of Tokyo. Even a stronger assent was given to this fact by the second highest officer in South Africa, when he said: UIf you want to get the most accurate facts about South

Christian work in London or New tion of the world when led by 22,000 York with a less degree of genuine people of such experience.

personal experience than is apt to Third: The rapid advance of the impel one to a similar task in the nati've Church. wilds of Borneo. Somewhere, some One can not soon forget the de- pression of earlier days when at- tempting to compute mathematically the conversion of the world by so many missionaries required, and so much money for each. The task L1pon that basis is for ever impos~ sible, and some harm may have un- wittingly been done by that method of reckoning. The deaths in the ranks of missionari es, the increase in population in the foreign fields and the limitation of financial resources made the outlook oppressive.

The present view that the problem is to be mastered by the development of "self-supporting, self-governing, self-propagating" spirit-filled church- es, and ' Christians of every kind, REV. C. NAKAYAMA has changed every tint in the Chris- Thirty-e"ight Years Methodist Minister in Japan tian horizon. On this plan there are already abundant evidences that by day, God spoke very definitely to the Grace of God the work can be these missionaries, and the dee p s done.

were stirred as they placed their all An old missionary in Japan intro- upon the altar for life or death. No duced me to the second or third con- one can be with any of them vert he had baptized. This convert very long without feeling the sense Was the pastor of a church of 2,626 of this power. Everyone of them members, where not one dollar of has 'gone out expecting to win. Even foreign inoney had been expended.

r'educed to the lowest terms of human Examples of this kind are found in energy only, this becomes almost in- many places, and teU with gladness vincible; but when we add to that an that we are beginning to see over the unfailing faith in the supernatural hill of this program. The West !Ieed power of Jehovah, there is left no not weary itself by attempting to Language for expressing defeat. We compute ,the outcome according to may ,as well prophesy about , the seemingly impossible n u m b e r s of heavens falling, the Bible disintegrating; or Jesus Christ being ad- missionaries ' or dollars. Wh ~ tit ~itted a myth, as to 'take account of any reCkoning~ ~cept for a ' final mu~t d,oi~to. 's~ndout enough strong leaders fo ' teach ' ,and inspire this grow~ng native 'church; ' and t~ suP: glorious victory for the evangetiza- port these' leaders -Wen :enough thaf

they may do their best work unham- and writing out the specified requirepered. One hundred glorious years ments to encompass the entire task of this effort have written the spirit- in a reasonable time. At the same ual romance of church history. God time another group of messengers, only knows how fully the consum- quite independent of the fi rst, have mation may be realized if the twen- been preaching with unwonted pastieth century Christian Church at sion the doctrine of stewardship. The home' will prove true to this present men of the Vest are under its spell vIsIon. as no generation has been in the his- tory of man. The Orient calls and Fourth: The Renascence of Stew- declares its need, the Occident hears ardship. and is answering with the sinews of war. A man must be blind to the God never causes only one thing to most signal manifestations of God happen at a time. Somewhere in His who fails to seein this the omen of wisdom the complement is also always triumph for the cause of Christ. being prepared. When Martin Luther was pleading in the Diet of These and many other tokens move Worms for freedom, a western con- the Christian, heart to believe that tinent was being prepared as the right speedily Jesus Christ is to be arena in which to give the most made known unto the uttermost parts superb illustration of his doctrines in of the earth. The missionary proaction. This dual Providence can be gram is not an ethereal, sentimental, read in all history. Nowhere has effervescent dream; it is magnificent, this been more marked than in the hardy, worthy reality, and ought to coming together of two great chal- command large investments of life, lenges in the daybreak of this twen- prayer, thought, and money upon the tieth century. Upon one side of the part of all those who love the name world great engineers have bee n of Jesus Christ and await His apcharting the unevangelized regions pearing.

TYPICAL CONFERENCE OF CHRISTIAN WORKERS FRO,M TWENTY"THREE CH'URCHES U{ K0B!!=,. lAf'A?{

of a Woman Tourist*

GLIMPSES OF WORK IN EGYPT, CEYLON AND INDIA BY MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY, BOSTON, MASS.

I[IJN the American Mission missions we found in Egypt. The College for Girls in whole missionary work at Assiut is Cairo we met a beau- wisely planned and successfully car- tiful girl, whose face I ried out.

~ shall never forget, and Some men of wealth who have she was as charming given themselves to Christ have mar- as she was beautiful. She was ex- ried women who also have learned to quisitely refined, well educated, and love the Savior, and within the last is one of the most useful Christians two years such a baptism of God's in all Egypt. She is the daughter of spirit has come to them that those a very wealthy man and when she cultured women go out day by day first came to Christ she thought that to the poorest and lowliest of the every Christian ought to preach the peasant women along the Nile, and Gospel; but, she said, "I did not know sit down with them in their humble how to preach; so I began with the little villages to teach them of the farm laborers on my father's estate love of Jesus Christ. Those women up the river." From them she went believe the message, for they say: 011 always finding people to listen, and "It must be so or such people would she is now giving all her time and not come to tell poor people like us."

talent and wealth to help other girls At Kandy in Ceylon, where the and women to find Jesus Christ. great Buddhist temple is supported At Assiut we visited two fine by gifts of tourists, we saw some re- schools, called United Presbyterian markable English mission work on schools, but which the missionaries the rubber estates. A young Oxford said are not theirs. The schools were man has gone there to work among in two old palaces belonging to two the poor coolies and he told us rich Egyptian gentlemen who had quietly of the five thousand Christians built other palaces up the Nile. These in the native churches. Last year men said, "These houses have been in they did not ask money from the our family a long time and we do not mission but from their poverty paid wish to sell them, so we will turn Rs. 14,000 (nearly $5,000), in sup- them into Christian schools, one for port of their work.

boys and one for girls." Now the Dr. Ida Scudder at Vellore, invited boys' school has 300 pupils, and the her high caste patients from the girls' school a like number-both Zenanas to a party, while we were maintained by the Egyptian gentlemen visiting her. Three beautiful Moham- who are paying the salaries of the medan girls wished to come, but their American teachers. This is a sample father is a high official, and they had of the spirit of appreciation of the never been outside their own home.

*Extracts from address at Northfield, Mass., July 12, 1914. Since the girls could not attend the We found a case. The doctor at – – party Dr. Scudder suggested that we came to meet us in an automobile. g~ and see them. The oldest girl Of course we enjoyed it. It was repeated for us some musical Arabic much better than an ox-cart; but was poetry. The youngest recited a psalm it right for a missionary? The next in perfect English: "I will lift up day he proposed going over to the mine eyes unto the hills from whence leper asylum; and I wish you could cometh my help. My help cometh have seen the row of little white from the Lord, who made heaven houses, the bright bits of gardens, and earth." There are beautiful the quiet peace, and the sweet purple hills all about Vellore, but she Christian life of these poor sufhad never seen them. The lives of ferers. As we came away, the those girls, shut in tho they are, will Doctor said, "Isn't it fine that I can always be brighter because of their come over here so often? Having friends the women missionaries. this machine makes it possible. There are only two of us doctors at the At Guntur, there is one of the most hospital, and we are very busy with marvelous women in the world, Dr. our medical school. The Rajah gave Kugler, at the head of the magnificent it to me." So it was not a Presby- Lutheran hospital. They are just terian automobile at all! It w~s from building a large new wing and the a Hindu Rajah, who said, "There is Rajah has given a fine new inn for no one who can really understand and the friends of the thousands of pa- treat me as well as these Presbyterian tients. He gave it to the mission in missionaries, and it is such a trouble gratitude for the life of his son, who to keep sending my car for them and was saved in the hospital. Dr. Kugler it takes too long to bring them in slept for two weeks out on the veran- ox-carts in missionary fashion, so I da near the little prince, who she will give them an automobile." The feared would die. One night she doctor said, "We use it for visiting heard footsteps. She did not move, the lepers, too, and that sanctifies it." but listened, and in the dim light she saw the father, the Rajah of that At Lucknow is the wonderful great district, bending over the little Methodist school, the Isabella Thowhite cot praying, "Our Father who burn College, where are gathered not art in Heaven," and pleading for his only Christian girls but the girls from son's life. God gave the little son the college started by Annie Besant back and that father has given his in Benares. The story of her recent heart to Christ. He has not yet had trial and conviction has gone over courage to be baptized, but he will India, and the girls who were in her come. One could see everywhere the school have now been put in this love those people bear the women at beautiful Christian college in Luckthe hospital. now. There is nothing finer or more progressive in American colleges than We had heard frequent criticisms that group of college girls-no, not of the missionaries for their extrava- in WeHesley, Smith or Vassar. Of gance, and wanted to see to what course, we criticized a little, as that extremes they could go on their is always proper for tourists. We salaries of a thousand dollars a year.

said, "We understand that these girls ence in the sacred city of Benares are very well cared for here, that with Its revolting temples, but in the they do not live as they did in their great popular temple of the modern mud huts at home. Is this advis- city, Calcutta, under the shadow of able ?" "Yes," they admitted, 'it is the most popular idol, Kali, goddess true, because in this province there of blood, we were held by villainous are eight hundred young men to be Brahmin priests, whose evil faces graduated from colleges this year and made us shudder at the thought of a large proportion of them are Chris- falling into their hands. They demandtians. They are going to hold lead- ed money which we gave them, and ing places in this province, some finally with a sigh of relief we found will be called to very high positions, ourselves outside the gates. The and we have so many matrimonial filthy court was a veritable shambles applications that we· can not begin after the usual sacrifice of a thousand to supply them all. Those young goats to the goddess. The cheap men do not want girls who know booths with pictures of the hideous nothing but mud huts. They want idol, her red tongue hanging out, the women of intelligence and culture vile symbols, the groups of bold who can take their places with their painted women who serve in the husbands as educated Christian wo- Temple, and above all the wicked men." That seems reasonable, and faces of the oily Brahmin priests we were rejoiced to see throughout left a real and definite impression of Asia just this type of women-the the religion of India that can never "new woman" of the. East. be effaced by either Annie Besant's pleasant interpretations or by the So the mosaic grows, bits of bright- Hindu swamis who lecture to Ameriness taking lovely forms against the can women. For days we were black background of heathenism. It haunted by the horror of it. Not is a darkness that one. who has once did we see in any city or temple not seen can not fulIy understand. of India one pure, elevating, spiritual We four women traveled 30,000 suggestion. Heathenism has not miles with perfect ease, and with- changed since the first chapter to the out accident or fear. The only Romans was written. It will never time we were really alarmed, was in change until the pure Gospel of the the Hindu Temple at Kalighat, in Son of God shall come. Calcutta. We had a horrid experi- "The evangelization of the world in this generation is one of the most urgent of questions, because the moment in which we are living is perhaps the most critical of any in the history of the non-Christian races. The Christian races are permeating every part of the world for material profit. But if the best results to both Christians and natives are to follow this tremendous movement-if the Christian nations are to develop national wealth in peace and under the be"t possible conditions to all concerned-then they must caJ;ry the evangelical truths of Christianity to all these non-Christian people."

-The Right Hon. Viscount Bryce.

Christ's Missionary

BY HENRY W. FROST, SUMMIT, N. J.

Director for N Drth America of the China Inland Mission HERE has been in re- have Christians look high in order that they may live high; and He IDT cent years a marked would have them live high in order change in the kind of that they may lift others equally high. motive presented t a It is supremely important, therefore, men in order to induce to discover what the divinely given them to g i v e them- motives are. The Apostle Paul felt selves to missionary service. In many that these could be exprest in one quarters there has been a positive phrase: "The love of Christ"-that is, decline from the scriptural· and spirit- Christ's love for us-"constraineth ual to the selfish, or at least to the us." But other portions of the Word simply humanitarian. This has re- of God indicate that this one motive sulted in a weakness, both in the includes several others. These moappeal and in its results. It is true tives appear to be three in number. that non-Christian nations are in a It is our purpose to consider these, pitiable state, governmentally, educa- one by one. tionally, commercially, socially, and physically; and it is equally true that A First Motive nothing but Christianity will alter the existing conditions. But such condi- During the earlier portion of the tions do not constitute the appeal ministry of Jesus on earth, He spoke which God makes to His people when very little about missions; but after He urges them to Christianize the His resurrection, until His ascension, nations. The conditions above named He spoke of nothing else. This is a have all to do with the present tem- striking fact, especially as there were poral life and tho a total transforma- many other matters about which His tion might be secured in these re- disciples might have wished to have spects, the peoples so affected-as the Him speak in those last days and present condition of Japan demon- with which He might have desired to strates-would have been brought no occupy ~Himself. During the forty nearer to God than before. While it days of His ascension, one theme was is always true that Christianity civil- uppermost in His mind, and that one izes, it is never true that civilization burden lay most heavily upon His Christianizes. heart. His redemptive work having been accomplished, He longed to have If men are to be made inwardly His disciples proclaim the glad tidings right, and eternal security and bless- everywhere; hence He spoke of this, edness are to be obtained, divine mo- and of this alone. tives, leading to divine methods and results, must prevail. This is the Moreover, when ever our Lord disreason why God sets such high mo- coursed upon the theme of missions, tives before the Church. He would He always spoke as a master to his disciples, as a captain to his soldiers,

as a king to his subjects. At other men and gave them sight; another times He suggested, He exhorted; but was when He saw a leper and here, without equivocation, He com- touched and healed him; another waS manded. Not once did He explain when He saw a widow mourning the how He could demand what He was loss of her dead son and where He requiring; not once did He ask if raised that son to life; another was there were any arguments in answer when He saw the hungry multitudes to His proposals; in full knowledge and fed them; and the last was when of the terrible cost, without allowing He saw multitudes uncared for and any escape from the obligation im- asked His disciples to offer prayer in posed, He simply said, "Go!" their behalf.

In face of such a burning passion All of these passages are interest- and heavily imposed obligation, there ing, as revealing the heart of Christ.

is but one conclusion to reach; the He being the "God of compassion"

Church of Jesus Christ has no choice whose "compassions fail not." But as to whether she will or will not do the last passage is particularly inter- the thing ordered. One who has pur- esting, as it gives a view of present chased His people with His own world-conditions and God's thought blood, One who owns them in spirit, concerning them. For what was true soul, and body, One who is, indeed, that day in Galilee is still true the Master, Captain, and King, has posi- world over; and what Christ was, He tively commanded that His Gospel stiB is.

sha1l be preached throughout the As a result of His ministrations, world. Of course, the Church mav Jesus had gathered great crowds disobey, as, speaking generaily, sh·e about Him, made up of men, women, is disobeying. But under the condi- and children, who had now no place tions prevailing, this is high treason, to turn to for the night, and had and is at her present loss and future many physical and spiritual needs peril. The thing which Christ has still unsupplied. That Jesus had had commanded, is the thing which ought compassion upon the people all to be fully and immediately under- through the day, His words and acts taken. This, then, is the prime mo- attest. But now, seeing the multi- tive which God sets before Christians, tudes in such a pitiable condition, He individually and collectively, namely, had peculiar compassion upon them. that He who has a right to com- Then it was-these physical conmand has done so, and that the ditions suggesting the spiritual-that command, because of the Per son, the great heart revealed its longing, caBs for unhesitating, uncompromis- aud that there came forth the appealing, and continuous obedience, until ing, pathetic cry: "Pray ye therefore the task ordered is fuBy and finally the Lord of the harvest, that He will accomplished. send forth laborers into His harvest."

Christ ever looked on things with A Second Motive a divinely prophetic eye; and there Five passages in the Gospels speak was everything in that present view of Christ as moved with compassion. to suggest a wider vision. We can One was when Jesus saw two blind but think that not a little part of the

CHRIST'S MISSIONARY MOTIVES

emotion which Jesus experienced that which, in the divine economy, makes day was occasioned by the fact that the one and the other possible. As the multitudes before Him were a these passages are vital to our sub- picture of those other, greater multi- ject, we quote some of them without tudes which went to make up a lost comment: world, and also of those other, and "The Son of Man is come to seek and still greater, multitudes which were to save that which was· lost." yet unborn and which would go to make up the lost world which was yet "Other sheep I have, which are not of to be. So the heart bled out its grief; this fold; them also I must bring; and they shall hear my voice; and there shall and so the voice plaintively asked the be one fold (flock) and one shepherd."

help of man. And this same Christ is "Go ye therefore, and teach (disciple) ever looking down from Heaven's all nations."

throne, the same heart is ever feeling "Go ye into all the world, and preach the gospel to every creature." its weight of compassionate wo, and "Ye are witnesses of these things." the same voice is ever pleading with "Ye shall be witnesses unto me both His disciples to see as He sees, and to feel as He feels. This, then, is in Jerusalem, and in all Judea, and in the second motive ·which God sets Samaria, and unto the uttermost parts of the earth." before Christians, namely, to enter "Delivering thee from the people (the into Christ's compassion for the lost. Jews), and from the Gentiles, unto whom souls and lives of men, and thus to now I send thee; to open their eyes, be moved as He was moved, and to and to turn them fro111 darkness to light, be constrained to do as He did. and from the power of Satan unto God, that they may receive forgiveness of A Third Motive sins." "That by me the preaching might be The Gospels, recording the earthly life of Jesus, are full of promises- fully known and that all the Gentiles mostly from the lips of the Master might hear." -concerning a coming which would "Blindness in part is happened to Israel, until the fulness of the Gentiles be for the purpose of establishing be come in."

a Kingdom. The Epistles, represent- "And this gospel of the kingdom shall ing the testimony of the risen and be preached in alI the world for a witglorified Christ, continue this theme, ness unto all nations; and then shall and always give the same order, first the end come." the Coming and then the Kingdom. And at the end of the New Testa- "A great multitude which no man ment, a whole book-the Revelation could number, of all nations, and kin- dreds, and peoples, and tongues."

-is taken up with the expansion of Impressive as these passages of the now familiar thought, and tells Scripture are, and clear as their in detail how Christ will come, and teaching is to the effect that mission- what the Kingdom will be. ary service is related to all the world In addition, Gospels, Epistles, and and is for the purpose of gathering Revelation speak of a work to be to God an innumerable number of accomplished, which is preliminary people in preparation for the King to the Coming and Kingdom, and and the Kingdom, there is yet an-

other passage which is even more im- article, makes it clear what share the pressive and clear as related to the Church has in its fulfilment. To put same particulars. As if to remove it in a single sentence, it is this: God any possible misunderstanding in re- is visiting the nations, and Christians gard to the divine plan, the Spirit have the high privilege of visiting led to the declaration and preserva- them with Him. He goes forth, in tion of words which tell us what God the persons of the missionaries, not purposes to do in this present age in to "convert" all the world-since not preparation for the age to come, and all men will accept of Him-but to what part the Church is to play in gather out from it a willing people, the fulfilment of the purpose so an- heavenly in quality and innumerable nounced. We refer to Acts IS :13- in quantity, which shall be to the 18. There James, quoting Peter, is glory of His name throughout time the spokesman, and the great Apostle and eternity. Manifestly, this preconfirms his utterance by stating it paratory work will bring to pass the as a foundation truth that "known event which is described as following unto God are all his works from the it, that is, the Coming of Christ. This beginning of the world." He thus then is the final motive which God says: sets before Christians, namely, to go forth everywhere, preaching the good "Simeon hath declared how God at the tidings to every creature, in order first did visit the Gentiles to take out of that the Church may be made comthem a people for his name; and to this plete and that the King and the Kingagree the words of the prophets; as it dom may come. is written, After this I will return and will build again the tabernacle of David, The Effect of Scriptural Motives which is fallen down; and I will build again the ruins thereof, and I will set These three divine motives, the it up; that the residue of men might command, the compassion and the seek after the Lord, and all the Gentiles, Coming of Christ, are worthy of upon whom my name is called, saith the being accepted by the noblest and Lord, who doeth all these things." most devoted of men; first, because they represent spiritual and eternal Here, then, is a divine utterance truths; and second, because they and program which set forth the make for the highest glory of God following facts in the following or- and the greatest good of mankind. der: First, a present work of grace No other motives are so uplifting in which God visits and gathers out, and purifying to the person who is preeminently from the Gentiles, a moved by them, and no other motives people for His name; second, the are so sure of divine favor and blessreturn of Christ; third, the restora- ing in their exercise. There is enough tion and establishment of the Jewish power in these motives, singly and theocratic kingdom with its attendant collectively, to raise the missionary worship; and fourth, the salvation in propaganda above everything earthly, the Kingdom-age of the "residue" of selfish and narrow, and to place it, the Jews, and of "all" the Gentiles where it ever belongs, upon the upon whom God's name shall be plane of the heavenly, the spiritual called. And this program, in its first

and the infinite: Moreover there is ese in Toronto. There seemed nothenough potency here to turn the "for- ing to hinder her proceeding to China. lorn hope" of present-day foreign But as we talked, my growing conmissions, in which a Gideon's band fidence was suddenly arrested when of men and women are bravely fight- Miss Stayner unexpectedly declared ing on against overwhelming odds, that there was one difficulty in her into an ever-victorious army of the way which was insurmountable. Church, where the battle will not only be fought but will .also be won, and "I have to confess," she said, "that where the end of saving the elect, and I do not love the Chinese. They are thus of bringing back the King and so ignorant and dirty!" bringing in the Kingdom, will be surely and speedily brought to pass. This was a real obstacle, especially For what foes on earth, or what as she had been working among the demons in hell, could stay the on- Chinese. But in spite of it I replied: ward progress of a people which had determined, in the power of the Holy "Do you know, Miss Stayner, I do Spirit, to obey Christ's command, to not think that the question whether or show forth His F compassion, and to not you love the Chinese is the one press forward with uplifted faces to to be considered; it seems to me that the rapturous and victorious meeting the real question is whether or not with Him who one day will descend you love the Lord." with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of At this, her eyes kindled, and she God? Such motives as these are not exclaimed: "Oh, yes, I do love Him!" simply constraining; they are invincible and triumphant. "Then," I said, "if you love Him, how can you do anything else but An Illustration obey His command, and go?"

Some years ago, a young woman She looked at me earnestly, and of Toronto-a Miss Stayner–came to said: "Do you think, then, that I confer with me about the possibility may dare to go?" of her serving in China. She had heen born and bred a gentlewoman; "Under the circumstances," I re- plied, "I do not see how you may and had had im exceptionally good dare to stay."

education both in Canada and A few days later Miss Stayner Europe; she was an heiress'; and, applied to the Mission; and a few being an orphan, she was free to months later, shortly after her accome and go as she might choose. ceptance for service, she went on her As our conversation advanced I per- way to the field. ceived that she was a young woman of great devotion, having turned her Miss Stayner was not, however, back upon all social allurements and to have the easy time in China which havin~ committed herself to. an many missionaries experience there. earnest and self-sacr~ficing service for At first she was located at the inviting Christ, including work for the Chin- station of Wenchow, where she en- tered into an old, well-developed, and very promising work. She made re- markable progress with the language and she gained the confidence and love of the people. But one night, when she was staying with her Bible-

woman at an out-station, she was "Oh," she answered, "I had forsuddenly aroused from her sleep by gotten that I ever said that; but that lights and voices, and discovered that was before I knew the Chinese; I robbers had forced their way into her love them all now!" room and were stealing whatever they could lay their hands upon. Miss A few years later Miss Stayner Stayner protested, whereupon one of became affiicted with a climatic disthe robbers struck her with a bamboo ease, which is terrible in its process pole. Later, she and the Bible-woman and effect, and it soon became evident escaped from the back of the house, that she must leave the country. She and, clad as they were and in the cold went to a certain "Spa" in Germany, of the winter night, they fled over the where happily she got better, and at hills to a clump of trees and bushes last was able to go back to her muchwhere they hid themselves from view. loved work. Later, her old trouble There they remained for a long time, returned and for a considerable time chilled and horror-stricken, until the she fought against it and would not robbers had sacked their house and give up. But at last it was a question departed. They were found by some of life and death, and she reluctantly of the villagers and were brought took her way back, first to Germany back to their almost ruined home. and then to England. Here, her Miss Stayner was seriously affected, strength gradually failed, and, finally, and it became necessary that she she finished her earthly course by should visit Shanghai for quiet and falling asleep in Christ. It was my rest. Just at that time I visited that privilege to see our friend during place, and, one evening, I asked her this last visit. She was, in spite of about her work and her recent ex- her youth, a physical wreck, her hair perience. After the tale had been being gray, her face being thin, and told, I said: her strength and vigor having de- parted. But she had not one word "Miss Stayner, may I ask you a of regret to express at having gone question ?" to China and was full of grateful praise to God that such a privilege "Yes," she replied, "what is it?" had been hers. And she confest that "It is this," I answered; "do you the one thing which had led her on love the Chinese?" and which gave her ever ample com- I shall never forget the look of pensation for all that she had suffered astonishment which she gave me. was the knowledge that she was doing "Why," she said, "what do you mean? what she could to take the Gospel to Of course, I love the Chinese!" the heathen and thus to hasten the "I was just wondering," I replied, return of her beloved Lord. "if, having gone through such an experience at their hands, you were An Interpretation sorry you had come to China, and if, possibly, you now almost hated the Miss Stayner's life shows beyond Chinese." misunderstanding what is the effect of This remark perplexed her more true scriptural motives upon an open than my first. But I reminded her of mind and heart. Here was a woman our conversation in Toronto. who had everything, naturally speak-

A PROSPEROUS SCHOOL IN BURMA

ing, to keep her at home, but who much to say that if Christians should· deliberately chose to go abroad. Here follow Christ as she followed Him was one who had faced the question it would not be long before there of her responsibility tow a r d the would be produced a veritable revolu~ heathen, not emotionally, but calmly, tion in missionary methods and reand who finally had gone forth for sults. Then, indeed, we might hope no other reason than that her Master to see the work of missions turned had commanded her to do so. Here into an apostolic triumph, where the was one who at first had little love old figure of speech, "terrible as an for the heathen, but whose heart, in army with banners," would but feebly the path of obedience, became filled express what God would make His with compassion for them. And here, Church on earth to be. For it is finally, was one who had remained manifest that our Father in Heaven stedfast and even praiseful through has large thoughts toward the heaall her suffering and sorrow because then and that He is ready to use His she had learned to serve with her· saints in their fulfilment whenever eyes on Him who is the Coming One. they will allow Him to do so. It is . Thus the interpretation becomes an to be remembered, however, that this inspiration. Miss Stayner's life and last can only come to pass in the service are a constraining call to all measure in which the followers of who know and love the Lord, to Christ are possest and controlled be wholly obedient to God and to by those motives which are truly and commit all to Him. It is not too wholly divine.

A Prosperous School in Burma BY MISS LILLY R. GRACEY IiA]T the foot of Kipling's lives are greatly influenced by the Old Moulmein Pagoda, education received there. .A new looking eastward to building was recently added to the the Sea, there rises a old one, the need for which had beautiful pile of white prest more and more as the years bricks built into a went by; even "three in a bed" could form very unlike the pagoda above it. not squeeze in all who wanted to It is the Morton Lane Girls' School, come.

a name quite as familiar in Burma as Burma is surprizingly modern and "Wellesley," or "Vassar" in America. wideawake to the opportunities of For nearly half a century, about present-day life. Consequently the three hundred Burmese girls have missionaries have found it necessary been, attending this school each year. to provide for the intellectual· as They are of varying ages, and their . well as the spiritual welfare of its

large Christian· constituency and to begins to 'form' on Saturday, when make it possible for non-Christian in a part of the compound, wee tots boys and girls to come under Chris- sit patiently while a barber shaves tian influences in the formative the hair from the southern hemi- period of their lives. The number sphere of their heads, and the juniors of mission schools has therefore in- work patiently on the part or creased and ·well-trained teachers and 'equator' line of theirs, lest one hair superintendents from the homeland due to run north should by chance are training the rising generation. be falling south. That part must be The Morton Lane School in Moul- just right .or no self-respecting Bur- mein has an interesting setting, for mese girl would think of taking it the city with its 65,000 inhabitants is to church with her next day.

ranked among the most beautiful "When the six o'clock bell rings cities in the East, and it is situated Sunday morning the girls get up, at the j unction of three rivers, the put dormitories in order, and at seven Salween, the Attaran, and the Gyne. o'clock go to morning prayer and Pagodas make it picturesque. Over the study of the Sunday-school the hills of Moulmein Judson used lessons. After: that comes br.eakfast.

to walk. The pulpit in the church Then comes dressing for church and in the city, from which he used to Sunday-school, and forming of the preach, is held very sacred by the line with the little ones in front and Burmans, and still livin·g in Moul- the older ones at the rear, and in- mein are three women baptized by spection by teachers. When all is the immortal Judson. ready the long line moves down the Every Sunday the girls of this road. How picturesque it looks!

school march to church, and so This line grows longer every year long is the procession that it is one and this means more gms under of the sights of the city. Of this Christian influences and more lives Sunday "line-up" of girls, Miss consecrated to Christ and His ser- Hughes gives a vivid picture. "It vice."

MORTON LANE BURMESE GIRLS' SCHOOL, MOULMEIN, BURMA

1915J A PROSPEROUS SCHOOL IN BURMA

A SUNDAY MORNING PROCESSION OF BURMESE GIRLS OF THE MORTON LANE SCHOOL, GOING TO CHURCH

Against

In Rangoon, Burma ANGOON is a by-word The plea for abolition is regarded by the timid local press as a wild piece .· for gross and shameless of fanaticism-whereas it is backed by immoralit~, says the the example of many cities which have tried segregation; street preaching in R Young Men of India. the "segregated area" is regarded as "bad taste" and futile whereas it is the ~ So callous has public only sound method of attacking the – . opinion become that evil, and the Bishop and nearly all the clergy have joined in it. The Christians some 500 prostitutes are allowed, under are soundly abused for letting "black men preach to white women," whereas "police control" (which usually means these poor women are daily insulted by any man who cares to do so! "controlling the police") J to carryon Yet there is much encouragement, their odious trade within half a mile says Mr. K. J. Saunders; of schools and colleges, where 8,000 (I) We have demonstrated that the school-boys and hundreds of school- present system, so far from minimizing the evil, is spreading it all over the city; girls are being educated; the "segre- there is hardly a street in the business part of the town without its brothel. gated area:' of Rangoon is intersected by (2) We have been granted an interthe streets through which these children view with the Lieut.-Governor, who showed us all sympathy and courtesy. pass to and from school; the women (3) Some leading doctors agree with strut half-naked through the streets, our claims and methods, and three have spoken at several large meetings of Europeans, natives of Asia Minor, the Y. M. C. A.

Chinese, Japanese, Burmese, Indian; (4) The men of our Indian Branch and some from the Central Branch many of them solicit men quite un- have done splendid work.

checked; some go out in rickshaws; (5) The 'Boy Scouts' of our Central Branch have sold and distributed our all expose themselves without restraint. pamphlets and posters.

Can such be the method by which a (6) Several girls have been sent to hospital; two rescued from a life of British Government seeks to "control" slavery; and a Rescue Home has been opened. vice? Segregation never segregates (7) People are getting angry; This vice; in Rangoon the name is a farce; is what we want.

loose women have entered mlSS101l (8) We are being tried on a charge of trespass and intimidation; but this schools, vile pictures are sold at the only gives more publicity to the scandal.

gates of Christian colleges, very few protests are heard.

At last a Vigilance Campaign has been organized. Mr. John Cowen, known in Colombo and elsewhere as a fearless champion of purity, was in- vited to come and make a study of Rangoon and lead in putting an end to the segregated system.

Mr. Cowen pointed out that prayer and publicity are the simplest and quickest methods: God is waiting for our cooperation, and pUblicity drives out evil as the sunlight drives out the germs of disease.

IN TIPS AND IN TITHES

(9) Meetings are being held in pri- consult ( a) the Bible, ( b) the Ceylon vate houses. Police; these are in closer agreement than they have ever been before. (10) Burmese tracts for schools and colleges are being printed. 6. To "segregate" prostitution in the center of the schools of a great city (II) The Burmese people as a whole is racial suicide; 8,000 school-boys are support us. being educated within half a mile of the "segregation area"; (12) Not one of our statements, circulated broadcast, has been challenged. 7. The parent who sides with the enemy of his children is a monster; (13) The name of Christ has been steadily held up and honored. 8. The schoolmaster who tolerates the present state of this city is unworthy The following is one of several state- of his trust; ments which the committee is circulating: 9. The doctor who says that vice is necessary to health ought to retire or SOME HARD FACTS FOR RANGOON to go back to college; (Guiding Principles of tlu present Purity 10. The citizen of Rangoon who re- Campaign) fuses to take sides is on the side of the devil; I. The policy of segregation is contrary to the principles of British Law; II. The "preachers" are content to be called fools and fanatics for they 2. Prostitution is contrary to the Law are sure of victory. of God, upon which British Law is based; 12. The police are playing up splen- didly and are on the side of righteous- 3· The quickest way to cleanse the ness; city is to preach Christ; 13. The segregation policy of this city 4· This is the only way that is per- is doomed. manently satisfactory; 5· If any man is skeptical let him I· Giving 10 Tips and 10 Tithes IMIR. GEORGE INNES of custom and good nature, and not a says there was a time legal or moral obligation. in his life when he gave for missions as he Mr. Innes gave regularly to support gave to the porter on the local church of which he was a the sleeper or as he member, and in doing so felt that he gave to the waiter at the hotel. He discharged his obligation to the Lord. confesses that he was guilty of tipping But he was willing to go farther, and the Lord. On a sleeper or in a first- he gave a trifle extra to extend the class hotel it is not respectable to fail boundaries of the Redeemer's King- to give a gratuity to the porter or to dom. In doing what many other the waiter in recognition of the service members of the church did there was rendered. The berth and the meal are no sense of obligation, no recognition paid for in full; the tip is a matter of stewardship. Rather than be con- sidered selfish and penurious he gave • From The Missionary Intellizetlcer.

the Lord a coin or a bill in precisely who are able to work at their own the same spirit as he gave a quarter charges and not only support them- or half a dollar to the boy that cleaned selves but support whole stations.

his shoes in the sleeper or supplied his Why should they not do it?

needs at the table. It is not clear to all that the law In the Mosaic economy the people of the tithe has been transferred from were required to give a tithe of all the Mosaic dispensation to the Chris,~ their income from every source. The tian. Some say that there are those Law plainly and pOSitively said, "The who can not afford to give as much tithe is the Lord's." If the tithe was as a tenth of their incomes for the withheld, the people were charged with Lord's work. The testimony of those robbing God, and they were punished who have put God to the proof is that for their sin. The Prophet Malachi nine-tenths with His blessing will go accused the people of his day of rob- farther than ten-tenths' without His bing God, and called upon them to blessing. Does it not appear probable bring the whole tithe into the store- that if the Jew could give a tenth of gouse, and he assured them that, if his income, and if the pagan could and they would do this, the Lord would can give a tenth, the Christian can open the windows of heaven and pour give as large a proportion? Does a out such a blessing upon them that Christian wish to give less than a Jew?

there would not be room enough to If all Christians were to give a tenth, receive it. After the tithes came the there would be money enough in the "free-will offerings." Lord's treasury for local church ex- Since his financial and missionary penses, for missions of every kind, for conversion Mr. Innes has devoted benevolence, and for education. Treas- himself exclusively to the Lord's work. uries would be overflowing. The tithe He has opened an office and furnished is the least that we should give, for it, and supports a staff of workers. many could well afford to live on a Now he is a steward; what he has he tithe and give the remainder.

holds in trust for the Lord. The day Is it not high time that we were of "tipping" is over. substituting the tithe for the tip? Is . Mr. Innes is not the only one who it not high time that we were giving has been tipping the Lord. As long as as the Lord has prospered us? Can we the average offering of the Christian say that we honor the Lord with our people of America for Foreign Mis- substance, when we hand him a tip?

sions does not exceed one cent a week, He is not a pauper asking alms; he is it is plain that the number of "tippers" a preferred creditor, and his claims is very large. There are men and should be satisfied first and to the full.

women whom the Lord has prospered Tip or tithe-which shall it be?

GIVING AND LIVING Forever the sun is pouring its gold He is dead whose hand i3 not open wide On a hundred worlds that beg and bor- row; To help the need of a human brother; His warmth he squanders on summits He doubles the length of his lifelong ride cold, Who of his fortunes gives to another; His wealth on the homes of want and sorrow. And a thousand million lives are his To give Is to live. Who carries the world in his sympathies.

To deny Is to die. – S elected.

~ I"'~t.>/ DEPADTMENT ~- i I"

OF '–. ,………-.'……….~.,.-./.; BEST METHODS 'CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK SOME PRACTICAL PLANS FOR THE YEAR HE best possible New and they were raised up. We asked for money and it came, often from most fJT Year's resolution any unexpected sources. We pleaded that missionary leader can some of our number might go to the make is a resolution to field, and five volunteered. We asked depend more upon prayer and the deepen- for help in making our programs and ing of spiritual life as methods in mis- received wisdom to devise the plans sionary work. afterward outlined in "Fuel for Mis- "The problems are just the same old sionary Fires," and now in use all over problems of how to make zealous our the world. We prayed that the young present members and how to interest people might be faithful in taking their 'the other half,''' says the secretary of parts, and tho 700 assignments were made a Woman's Board in her annual report. in· five years less than a dozen failed in '''Oh, for a Moses to lead us out of any way.

the wilderness of dead-level and in- Such blessings await you, 0 mission- difference!" ary leader, wherever you work, if only The Leader is ready, the Lord Jesus you will meet the conditions!

Himself, and the weapon he offers is prayer. But we make small use of it Unto Him that is able to do and depend on our poor human in- All that we ask ventions instead. All that we ask or think Any society whose leaders are willing Above all that we ask or think to pay the price-the price of earnest Abundantly above all that we ask or prayer-may have a measure of success "exceedingly abundantly above all that think, they ask or think." The Best Methods According to the power that worketh in us, Unto Him be glory.

-Ephesians 3: 20.

Editor has had abundant proof of this.

Years ago, in her old home church Keeping in Touch with Great World (the First Presbyterian, Springfield, Movements Ohio), she was president of a Young Keeping in touch with the great world People's missionary society that was movements of the missionary enterprise able to accomplish a great work through is an important thing for any church.

the prayers of a little inner circle of How best to do it is a question that intercessors that were ever ready to has often puzzled missionary workers.

meet at her call. The sources of information are many, Everything was taken to the Lord in In these days the daily paper may, per- prayer and practically everything prayed haps, be 'placed first. Then there are for was given. We asked for members the religious weeklies and the monthly and got them, We prayed for leaders missionary magazines. THE MISSIONARY

In 1914 How MANY 5 MISSIONARY MEETINGS f DID You ATTEND?

( CONCERTS AND LECTURES { How MANY MISSIONARY BOOKS } DID You READ? NOVELS How MUCH MONEY DID You GIVE FOR MISSIONS?

SPEND ON YO,URSELF?

How MUCH TIME DID You DEVOTE TO PRAYER FOR { MISSIONS? YOURSELF?

In 1915 WHAT SHALL YOUR RECORD BE?

REVIEW OF THE WORLD covers the whole suffice to keep the whole church in field fully with up-to-date news and touch with the whole world. inspiring articles, and once a month the Sunday School Times prints "From the At the present time, when events of Missionary Watch Tower," a page of the utmost importance to the kingdom news gathered by Doctor Harlan P. of God follow one another with such Beach, who is in communication with lightning rapidity, this ,is a matter of hundreds of missionaries all over the special importance. "Let the daily world. papers supply your topicS' and subjects for intercession," said Mr. Benjamin In many societies "Current Events" Starr of Homer, N. Y., at a recent con-' form part of the program. One society ference in Schenectady, "If there is wrote the items of news on slips of news of a battle or other disturbance paper and inclosed them in envelopes where your missionaries are at work, decorated in imitation of a mail-bag; bring this into your weekly prayerothers have used messenger boys de- meeting and turn it into a special meetlivering information in the familiar ing for prayer for that mission. Almost yellow envelopes ·of the telegraph co;~­ every paper has something that could panies. The Presbyterian Church of be so used."

Camden, N. J., makes use of "Minute Such news items give point to the prayers and make them real and vital. Men," a group of persons appointed to In a little pamphlet describing the represent different fields for a year, and Monthly Concert of Prayer in his give one-minute reports of them at the church before he became a secretary of monthly missionary prayer-meetings.* the Presbyterian Board, Doctor A. W. Halsey shows how the two can be Bulletin boards in the church vesti- woven together. bule and the calendars distributed in the pews can also be utilized for this pur- "If any missionaries or mission stapose. But, after all, in this as in so tions are in special need," he says, "a much els'e, the pastor is the key-man. prayer is offered for them, for the Even very brief mention of important native workers and the native Chrisevents in the Sunday sermons, the tians. If there has been any special prayer-meeting talks and the opening ingathering in any field, this is spoken exercises of the Sunday-school would of by the pastor for a moment and a prayer is offered that the new converts *For a detailed account of this —'plan, see "'What may stand firm. If a missionary or a b'MY. itnhueteReMv.enS'amDuidel for a Church Prayer-Meeting," D. Price, in the Sunday·School Times, January 10, 1914.

OF BEST ME'rHODS

secretary is ill, the fact is noted and Sunday-school and the mission bands. prayer offered for him. The sailing of The pastor should always be a member of missionaries, the publication of the the committee e% officio, but it is usually Bible in a new language, a deficiency in considered best to have a layman at its the receipts of the Board, the gift of a head. large sum to the work, and a hundred and one items appearing in magazines, The duties of the committee are to papers or books', or received directly formulate a miss'ionary policy for the from some one on the field-all these church as a whole, to coordinate the are mentioned and made the subject of activities of all the variouS' organizations, earnest, intelligent, brief petitions which and to foster the work in every way serve to intensify our interest in the possible. An excellent manual of sug- work and give a distinct character to gestions indorsed by all the Home and our meeting." Foreign Boanl.s of this country and Canada, entitled "The Church Mission- At some meeting early in the New ary Committee" may be obtained at five Year it is a good plan to give a resume cents a copy from any of the mission of the missionary events of the year boards or from the Missionary Education previous. Abundant material for this Movement, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, is always to be found in the January N. Y. number of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, and it never fails to arouse A Simple Church Program interest. The following program recently drawn up and adopted by the Sessi.on of Bed- . The Church Mis.ionary Committee ford Presbyterian Church, Brooklyn, A church that wishes to be really N. Y., has many good features, and will efficient in missionary work should have prove helpful to other churches not as a permanent missionary committee for yet thoroughly organized for missions: the general supervision of aU its missionary activities. "Without an active I.-A Church Missionary Committee missionary committee 'in each chuJ"ch One member each from Session, Bible there is little chance of any steady School, Men's Forum, Woman's Missiongrowth in missionary interest," says' ary Society, Young People's Society-mem- bers to be selected by Session in consulta- Doctor A. V. V. Raymond, chairman of tion with pastor and officers of organiza- ,the Consolidated Missionary Committee tions-Committee to meet in October and of the Presbytery of Buffalo, which is April, to plan general missionary program endeavoring to secure, for the benevolent of church and organizations, and to report boards of the Church, a more systematic to Session in November and May. and generous support on the part of its constituency. "A part of our work for II.-Missionary Meetings and Addresses the coming year therefore, is the organ- 1. Two Sunday morning sermons (not ization of these local committees counting July and August)-one by pastor, wherever possible." one by best outside speaker obtainable. 2. Two or more Sunday evening meet- Such a committee should be appointed ings-one, as at present, to be addrest by or elected at the beginning of the church outgoing missionaries (in June). year, at the same time as other church 3. Wednesday evening meetings-at least officials, and should consist of represen- one every two months, arranged with refertatives of aU the various organizations ence to Sunday morning and evening presof the church-the official boards, the entations, with outside missionary speaker brotherhoods, the women's and young whenever possible. To relieve pastor the~e women's societies, the young people's might be in charge of Missionary Comorganizations, senior and junior, the mittee.

III.-Literature and Calendar Notes 1. A representative in each organization to help distribute leaflet literature and to secure SUbscriptions for periodicals-"The Bulletin," "All the World," "Assembly Herald," "Woman's Work," "Home Mission

Monthly," "Over Sea and Land," "Every ary enterprise. The Best Methods Editor Land," "Missionary Review of the World." was happy to place at his disposal her . 2. A special missionary secretary for missionary library and was interested to church calendar, to supply missionary note that he asked first for historical letters and news notes once a month (one- works covering the whole range of mishalf third page and back page occasionally) sionary achievement, such as Leonard's also to suggest books for reading and "Hundred Years of Missions'." These subjects for prayer and thanksgiving. mastered he took up missionary bio- graphy and the fascinating stories of mis- IV.-Correspondence with Missionaries sions. At the same time he read THE 1. Special correspondents selected to send MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD from church calendars regularly to our mission- cover to cover, that he might be in touch aries, to correspond with them, arrange for with present-day needs and achievements. Christmas, and other gifts, and to note needs on calendar. Where did he get the time? He was 2. Letters or extracts from missionaries' a very busy man occupying a respon.sible letters, be read from pUlpit occasionally by position in a large construction ·company. pastor. But his home was five miles from hi5 office and he was obliged to spend more V.-Maps and Pictures than half an hour in the cars both going Showing missionary fields of the church and coming. For more than a year he are to be hung in chapel or elsewhere. put this time into missionary study with the result that he is now one of the best- VI.-Mission Study Classes informed men on miss"ions in the country One or more should be organized to fol- -a leader in missionary work in his low some of the excellent text-books avail- city and church and in the college in able. which he is now an assistant professor of civil engineering. Vll.-Great Missionary Movements . That we keep in touch with the denomi- At the present time the Best Methods national and inter-denominational mission- Editor is having the privilege of placing ary movements of men, women and young her library at the disposal of another people. office-bearer-this time a young woman, secretary of her missionary society-who VIlI.-Proportionate Missionary Giving desires to be thoroughly informed about 1. That this subj ect be presented on Sun- mISSIOns. She, too, is beginning with day morning at least once a year (October Leonard's "Hundred Years of Missions." preferred) . Next she wiIl take up McConaughy'S 2. That a systematic method be adopted "World Work of the Presbyterian for securing pledges from all members of Church," to give her an intelligent idea the church and arranging for special offer- of what her own church has done and ings to various benevolence objects. is doing. Then she will take up mission- ary biography and stories of missions. Educating Church Officers Like the young engineeer, her time is much occupied, but by keeping the books The office-bearers of the church-the on the living-room table and picking them up whenever she has a spare minute, men chosen to be the leaders in spiritual she is making good progress.

things-should not only be interested in The value of inteIligent office-bearers such as these is greater than can be estimissions but should know something mated, not only to the local church but to the whole missionary enterprise. about the past history and the present needs of the great world work committed to the Church by her Lord. Yet the average church officer knows little or nothing about it.

There are, of course, exceptions to this. While residing in Detroit the Best Methods Editor had the pleasure of see- ing a young civil engineer who knew that he would 50on be elected to the eldership in. the Presbyterian Church of which he was a member, deliberately fit himself for the office by a thorough and reverent study not only of the doctrines of the church but of the whole mission-

OF BEST METHODS

Miuionary Anniyerearies in 1915 26, 1890.-Samue1 N. Lapsley sailed for Africa to found the Congo Mission of the Observing missionary anniversaries is Southern Presbyterian Church. 25th annione of the best ways of arousing interest versary. See "Daybreak in the Dark Conand conserving the influence of import- tinent," by Naylor. ant persons and events. An entire program can with profit be devoted to the MAltcH more important ones, and thoS'e less im- 13, 1815.-Birth of James C. Hepburn. portant can be commemorated by some- IOOth anniversary. See "Life of Hepburn," thing in the way of a story, motto, hymn, by Griffis. Scripture lesson or prayer. "Five Mis- 29, 1840.-Birth of Isabella Thoburn. 75th sionary Minutes" devoted to this by the anniversary. See "Life of Isabella Thopastor at regular Sunday or mid-week burn," by James M. Thoburn. services, the superintendent in the Sun- 29, 1855.-Bishop Patteson Eailed for the day-school, the missionary committee in South Seas. 60th anniversary. See "Life the Young People's Society, or the of Bishop Patteson," by Page. president of the Woman'S' Society, afford 31, 1820.-First missionaries arrived at opportunities for arousing missionary Hawaii. 95th anniversary. See "Transfor- mation of Hawaii," by Brain.

interest not to be despised. APRIL In the. following list of anniversaries 1, 1815.-Birth of William C. Burns. 100th occurring during 1915, an unusual num- anniversary. See "Encyclopedia of Mis- ber have to do with events in the lives sions." of native Christians. An interesting and 10, 1875.-John Kenneth Mackenzie sailed profitable series' of talks running through the year might be built up around these. for China. 40th anniversary. See "Life of Mackenzie," by Bryson. JANUARY 13, 1855.-Death of Doctor John Scudder. 13, 1835.-Birth of Jacob Chamberlain. 60th anniversary. See "Men of Might in BOth anniversary. See THE MISSIONARY RE- India's Missions," Holcomb. VIEW, August, 1908. 14, 1885.-Baptism of Boyinto, the first Mongolian convert. 30th anniversary. See MAY "Gilmour of Mongolia," by Lovett. 23, 1890.-Death of Joseph Hardy Neesi- 11, 1835.-Asahel Grant began work in rna. 25th anniversary. See "A Maker of Persia. 80th anniversary. See "Encyclo- New Japan," by Davis. pedia of Missions." 30, 1885.-First martyrdom of converts in Uganda. 30th anniversary. See "Mackay 20, 1690.-Death of John Eliot. 225th anof Uganda," by his sister. niversary. See "Heroes of the Mission Field," by Walsh. FEBRUARY 21, 1875.-First missionaries sailed for Livingstonia. 40th anniversary. See "Day- break in Livingstonia," by Jack.

29, 1815.-Founding of the Basel Mission- ary Society. looth anniversary. See "En- cyclopedia of Missions."

5, 1885.-Sailing of the Cambridge Seven. JUNE 30th anniversary. See "The Story of the China Inland Mission," by Guinness. 4, 1865.-Birth of George L. Pilkington. 50th anniversary. See "Pilkington of 8, 1890.-Death of Alexander Mackay. Uganda," by Harford-Battersley. 25th anniversary. See "Mackay of Uganda," by his sister. 15, 1870.-Close of Hawaii Mission of the American Board. 45th anniversary. See 13, 1830.-Alexander Duff shipwrecked off "Transformation of Hawaii," by Brain. the Cape of Good Hope. 85th anniversary. 25, 1865.-Founding of the China Inland 26. ·1835.-First anti-Christian edicts in Mission. Jubilee year. Madagascar. 80th anniversary. See THE MISSIONARY REVIEW, March, 1909. 30, 1315.-Martyrdom of Raymond Lull.

600th anniversary. See "The Life of Ray- mond Lull," by Zwemer.

JULY 29, .1875.-0pening of the Doshisha. 40th anniversary. See "History of Missions in 9, 1840.-Martyrdom of nine Malagasy Japan," by Cary. Christians. 75th anniversary. See THE MISSIONARY REVIEW, March, 1909. DECEMBER 13, 1830.-Founding of Duff's College, 8, 1840.-Livingstone sailed for Africa. Calcutta. 85th anniversary. See "Men of 75th anniversary. See any life of Living- Might in India's Missions," by Holcomb. stone.

23, 1815.-Baptism of Africaner. 100th 11, 1825.-Baptisrn of Bishop Crowther. anniversary. See THE MISSIONARY REVIEW, 90th anniversary. See "Life of Crowther," July, 1912. by Page.

AUGUST 21, 1795.-Birth of Robert Moffat. 120th anniversary. See "Lives of Robert and 2, 1785.-Death of George Schmidt. 130th Mary Moffat," by John S. Moffat.

anniversary. See "Moravian Missions," by 25, 1905.-Founding of the National Mis- sionary Society of India. 10th anniversary. Thompson. . See "The Christian Conquest of India," by Thoburn. 20, 1835.-Founding of the Domestic and 25, 1885.-Baptisn:I of the first Ainu con- Foreign Missionary Society of the Protes- vert. 30th anniversary. See "History of Missions in Japan," by Cary. tant Episcopal Church, 80th anniversary. Honoring a Missionary'. Birthday See "Encyclopedia of Missions." The annual birthday gathering held in SEPTEMBER honor of Doctor Swain, the first woman 7, 1850.-Allen Gardiner sailed on his last to go as a medical missionary, by the voyage to South America. 65th anniver- Doctor Clara A. Swain Missionary sary. See "Modern Heroes of the Mission Society of the Methodist Episcopal Field," by Walsh. Church, Castile, N. Y., affords a good 9, 1840.-Death of Ko-thah-byu. 75th an- illustration of the pleasure and profit niversary. See THE MISSIONARY REVIEW, that may be derived from the keeping May, 1910. of a missionary anniversary. 21, 1795.-Founding of the London Missionary Society. 120th anniversary. See Dodor Swain was born at Elmira, "Encyclopedia of Missions." New York, but she removed to Castile with her parents at such an early age OCTOBER that the pretty little village has always 7, 1885.-Keith-Falconer sailed for Aden. claimed her as its own. It has always 30th anniyersary. See "Servants of the delighted to do her honor, and shortly King," by Speer. after the Rev. H.. Clay Milliman became 12, 1835.-First missionaries landed in the pastor of the church with which she Fiji. 80th anniversary. See "Fiji and the was so long connected, this annual birth- Fijians," by Calvert. day party was inaugurated. 12, 1875.-Launching of the !lala, first steamer on an African lake. 40th anniver- "We have held it for the past four sary. See "Stewart of Lovedale," by summers-ever since we came to this Lovett. little town," says Mrs. Milliman, wife 28, 1905.–Martyrdom of Eleanor Chest- of the pastor and president of the misnut. 10th anniversary. See "Servants of sionary society, in response to the the King," by Speer. request of the Best Methods Editor for 29, 1885.-Martyrdom of Hannington. information. "How did we come to 40th anniversary. See "Bishop Hanning- start it? Just because I have a fondness ton," by Berry. for anniversaries and because I felt that we could not do too much to honor the NOVEMBER 4, 1835.-0pening of the first hospital in China by Peter Parker. 80th anniversary. See "Uplift of China," by Smith. 15, 1875.~Stanley's appeal for missionaries for Uganda published in the London Daily Telegraph. 40th anniversary. See "Uganda's White Man of Work," by Fahs.

memory of such an illustrious mission- letters read from absent friends of ary pioneer as Doctor Swain." Doctor Swain and make music an im- portant feature." The celebration is held on July 18 ea,ch year (Doctor Swain was born July 18, Last autumn the anniversary of an- 1834) on the lawn of the beautiful resi- other event in Doctor Swain's career dence she built in 1898 when failing was also observed, tho in an entirely health compelled her to give up her work different manner. This was November in India, and which is now occupied by 3, 1914, the forty-fifth anniversary of her her relative, Mrs. Fred Horning. The sailing to India in company with Isabella hours are from two to six in the after- Thoburn. In commemoration of this noon, and after the program a dainty event, Mrs. Milliman gave on the Sunlunch is served outdoors beneath the day evening following (November 8) in trees. By means of a notice read from her husband's church, a stereopticon the pUlpit and inserted in the village talk on "The First Woman Physician in paper, all friends of Doctor Swain are the Orient," with nearly one hundred invited to be present. Last summer pictures.

nearly one hundred were in attendance, Enlisting an Entire Church and the occasion was most enjoyable. A very remarkable campaign conducted "We vary OUr program as much as by the First Baptist Church, Bridgeton, possible each year," says Mrs. Milliman. N. J., in connection with the Judson "We are fortunate in having an excel- Centennial last year, shows what can be lent sanitarium in our little town which accomplished when an entire church is attracts many missionaries home on enlisted for missions and how mission- furlough. When available we call on ary anniversaries can be used to stimu- some one of these for an address. We late missionary interest and activity. In have had Miss Mary Means, who went response to our request, the pastor, the with Doctor Swain when she returned Rev. D. E. Lewis, has sent us the fol- to India for the jubilee; Ida Grace Loper lowing details: of India; Emily H. Hartwell of China; At a business meeting held early in Esther Baird of India; and Mrs. Char- January, 19I4, the church voted to con- lotte Haskins, also from India, a life- duct such a campaign and appropriate long friend of Doctor Swain." $25 to the expenses. This was used for "We always invite the clergy of sister postage, lantern slides, pig banks, tracts, churches and the presidents of foreign books and other literature put out by the missionary societies in our town to give Baptists for the J tidson celebration. The words of greeting, and sometimes have pig banks were for the offering, one reminiscences from town's people who being given to each family connected knew Doctor Swain when a little girl. with the church. In all 225 were dis- One year when we were studying tributed and each was marked as follows: 'China's New Day' Doctor Isaac Taylor "To be fattened for the Judson offering Headland, whom I met at Chautauqua, and slaughtered at a great meeting of wrote, at my request, a lovely letter of the First Church, April 10."

greeting to the society to be read at the The campaign began on Sunday, Jan-, birthday gathering. Doctor Swain uary I8, and continued until May Jbrought from India 'many interesting almost fifteen weeks. Every organi~a­ costumes which she gave to Doctor tion connected with the church, including Mary Greene of the Sanitarium. We the mission school at South Chapel, was have sometimes harrowed these, dressing enlisted, and letters inviting cooperation our young people in them for missionary were sent not only to the 340 resident, dialogs and exercises. We also have members but to the roo non-residents

also. Throughout the campaign Doctor Books Corson, formerly a missionary at Moul- mein, Burma, now a deacon in this 311 resident members ……………. 533 church, gave very great assistance. The 31 non-residents ……………….. 40 program as carried out, included the 10 Crozier students …………….. 11 following features: 15 Colgate students …………….. 15 5 Missionaries at Ramapatnam ….. 15 Public Missionary Services.-There 10 Christian converts at Ramapatnam 30 were five missionary sermons, six mis- 7 Christian converts at Moulmein " 7 sionary prayer-meetings and three stereopticon lectures during the cam- 389 persons ……………………..651 paign. Three of the sermons were preached by the pastor, one by Doctor Adding to this the 120 books used by John M. Moore, secretary of the Baptist Department of Missionary Education, the u6 members of the study class gives and one by Mr. John S. Ware, Assistant State Treasurer. Three of the mid-week the amazing total of 771 missionary meetings were conducted by the study classes and three were "specials." At books read and studied through the one of the latter Miss Anna Prince of Moulmein was present; at another the efforts of one church in fifteen weeks! Rev. Thomas C. Hanna, of Pottsville, Pa., a grandson of Judson; at the third, The Woman's Missionary Circle accomthe memorial offering was taken. plished the remarkable feat of getting Study Classes.-Special emphasis was placed upon this work and eight classes every member to read "Following the were conducted-six in the Sundayschool, one in the intermediate Christian Sunrise," Mrs. Montgomery's history Endeavor Society, an'd one, a joint affair, in the Senior Christian Endeavor Society of Baptist missions. and the Beacon Lights', a young woman's missionary circle. 116 different persons In addition to conducting study classes were enrolled in these classes. As four persons took two courses, a total of 120 and reading books, all the various organtext-books were sold and studied. izations of the church and its miss'ion- Reading Circles.-One great object of the campaign was to get as many persons the two Sunday-schools, the Woman's as possible to read missionary' books, especially those prepared for the Judson Society, the Beacon Lights and the four Centennial. Accordingly books were sent and letters written to many. Christian Endeavor Societies, Senior, The books used were "Ann of Ava," Intermediate and two Junior-did an "Judson the Pioneer," "Following the Sunrise," "The Call of the World," "The immense amount of special work in the Immortal Seven," "Jesus Christ's Men," and about half a dozen of the old-time way of holding meetings, conducting Judson books that were brought forward and reread by some of the older mem- special exercises, framing pictures, purbers. The results were extraordinary, the total number of books read being as chasing maps, and memorizing mottoeS'. follows: Other features of the campaign were 44 new members added to the church; the distribution of 50 copies of Missions followed by a campaign for new sub- scribers; an Every Member Canvass that increased the pledges for missions and added $100 to the pastor's salary.

The memorial offering amounted to $rr5. "I would like to put in a special word for those crockery pigs," says Mr.

Lewis. "I have used them before and they always interest boys in missions.

On April 10 when the "slaughtering"

took place, a dozen or so were broken and then the whole meeting turned into a social with little groups trying to· gel their money out without breaking the pigs. Everybody had a good time that evening and many members have asked for the privilege of giving again in the same way." .

E I DI

GOD IMPARTIAL-NOT NEUTRAL lowers of Jesus Christ to agree as to MUCH comment has been made since the side which God approves, but this does not mean that God is neutral. It is the beginning of this world-war true that no pleadings, no arguments, no or the fact that the Christians and other personal sufferings can blind Him as to believers in the power of prayer have the real issues at stake or the righteousbeen on different sides earnestly be- ness of the cause that should prevail. seeching Almighty God for His protection and favor to their cause. A paper In view of the wisdom and power of in Italy assured its readers that such God it is indeed foolish for men to petitions have no effect on the Ruler of think that they can, by their prayers, the Universe as he is "Neutral." A turn Him aside from aiding the cause perplexed inquirer in America asks: of justice and love. He will be im- "Have we lost our faith; and is that the partial, but He can not be neutral. He reason why our prayers are not an- will not show favoritism to one party, swered?" but He can not fail to side with the right. In the natural phenomena of the No one who believes in God, the earth, the sky, the sea; in the storms and Father in Heaven, the Creator of the sunshine, in cold and heat; in the in- Universe, the Ruler over all, the One fluence He can exert on the hearts and who so loved the world that He gave His minds and spirits of men, there are a only begotten Son, none who believe in thousand forces at the command of God, this God can believe that He is neutral by which He can determine or teror indifferent when He sees the sorrows, minate the conflict when He deems it the cruelties, the sin inseparably con- best. But there are lessons for men nected with great hatred and bloodshed. to learn that they will learn only through Neutrality implies a degree of indiffer- struggle and suffering, failure or sucence as to the outcome and an unwilling- cess. It was after the experience of ness to influence the final result. Man both victory and defeat that David can not see or foresee with divine vision learned to exclaim: "Some trust in but it requires no prophet to predict chariots and some in horses, but we will that the outcome of this world conflict remember the name of Jehovah, our God." must profoundly influence the progress of the Kingdom of God on Earth. He What then is the use of prayer, and wlio sent His Son to save the world, for what should Christians pray in such is not indifferent as to the horrors of a time of strife when Christendom is war or to the character of the ideals divided? The greatest value of true and forces that succeed. He who prayer is that it helps to bring us into "wills not that any should perish," and tune with the mind of God. None can who is "of purer eyes than to behold hope and none should wish to dictate iniquity," is not likely to hold in check to God as to what He shall do or when all the powers by which He could con- He shall act. The best that we can do trol the outcome of a world~conflict. is to pray that God's will may speedily be done, and that His will may clearly It is impossible, in the present period be revealed to us so that we may coof blind patriotism, even for all true fol-

operate more perfectly. The French, diers. They are knitting warm clothing, the Germans, the Belgians, the Russians, are contributing other comforts, and are the British, the Americans, have In- forwarding literature to those cut off valuable lessons to learn from this war- from the home land.

fare if (lur minds are but open to the There's another more important war- truth. There are lessons of the true fare going on all over the world, one ideals of life, the true forces that make that seeks to spread Iife, not death, to for righteousness, the weakness of extend the spiritual Kingdom of God, materialism, the need for self-sacrifice, not the selfish material advancement of the unity of the race, the supremacy of men. At the front in this campaign God. The sooner men and nations learn there are thousands of men and women thes·e the sooner this war and all war who are cut off from the comforts and will be ended. God will answer prayer comradeship of the home land. Their but it must be prayer that follows the advantages are limited by their isolation . line of His allseeing wisdom and not the and the lack of money. They have not prayer for favoritism. the lecture courses, so plentiful at home, Let us pray that the clouds of battle and are without the wealth of hooks smoke may clear our vision; that the and periodicals so accessible In o·ur thunder of cannon may enable us to hear libraries and our newS stands. A gift more distinctly the "still small voice"; of a broadening, stimulating magazine that the sufferings of the wounded and is often of the utmost value to them destitute bodies may teach us to under- in their personal life and work.

stand the compassion of Christ'for des- The Editors of the REVIEW will be titute souls and that the heroic and grim very glad to cooperate with friends at determination of soldiers to fight and die home to send the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF for country and king may awaken in THE WORLD for one year as a gift to our hearts the loyal purpose to count no some of these self-denying workers 011 sacrifices as a hardship in the service of the home and foreign mission fields.

our Savior and King. This is a time Some of our readers may count it a to pray for enemies, that they may be .privilege to join in this effort by giving on God's side and in His fellowship; the REVIEW for a year to one, ten or to pray for the spirit of peace and pa- one hundred missionaries. We or they tience and love in the face of bitter can select the names in cooperation with antagonisms and sorrow; to pray that the Mission Boards. A special rate is the present waste of men and money offered at $2.00 a year, plus 50 cents may not prevent the progress of the for postage to foreign lands. Whil.: spiritual work of Christ; that the eyes many are remembering the sufferers in of men may everywhere be opened to Belgium, let us not forget the mission- see their sin, their weakness, their aries who are often hungry for mental foolishness and that they may be turned and spiritual food, such as may be to seek forgiveness and wisdom through found in the REVIEW. Will you join Jesus Christ; that in the face of death in this movement to send the REVIEW they may seek eternal life-the God- free to 5,000 missionaries at home and life in this age and in that which is to abroad? So many letters come asking come. for the REVIEW from those who can no~ TREMEMBER THE MISSIONARIES afford to subscribe, that we are unable HE patriots in the countries now at to meet the demand. . war, who are not able to go to the There are other ways of "remember- front, are seeking in many ways to help ing" the missionaries that should not 1;>e bear or lighten the burden of the sol- neglected. Remembering at Christmas time is one way to lighten their burdens, hand there will be a general scheme of another and most important and effec- topics to be presented month by month tive way is "remembering in prayer." so that the whole world-fidd may be Many missionary workers have testified covered adequately in the course of the to the remarkable uplift and power that year. For the sake of those who wish has come in their work, giving victory 5n to use the REVIEW in making programs answer to prayer. How many are pray- we give below a partial list of topics: ing for their brothers and fathers and husbands in Europe. Should we not JANUARY: more earnestly and constantly remember in prayer the officers at home and The World Outlook. the workers on the field who are giving Church Plans for the Year. their lives to the cause of Christ? Thus Prayer and Missions. we may share in the conflict,· the victory The Home Base. and the reward. FEBRUARY: THE PROGRAM FOR 1915 China and the Chinese. EACH year brings new needs, new Confucianism and Taoism. problems, new leaders, new. strug- Chinese in America. gles, new victories in the missionary work. Eternal vigilance is required to MARCH: keep abreast of the campaign, but he who fails to keep a broad outlook loses Mexico and Central America. in inspiration and in power. City Missions and Social Service. Oriental Christianity. During the coming year the Editors of the REVIEW plan to make the maga- APRIL: zine still more effective and attractive, if possible, than it has been in the past. The Indian Empire. Hinduism. The leading writers on mIssIOnary Foreigners in America. themes are h'elpillg to make it invalu- The Native Church. able. In this number, for instance, we have articles by Robert E. Speer, Henry MAY: W. Frost, Gilbert Beaver, Fred B. Smith, and others. In the coming Siam and Laos Malaysia. months, we are to publish papers from Buddhism. Dr. John R Mott, Mr. Sherwood Eddy, Bible Distribution. Rev. John H. Jowett, Dr. Charles L. The American Indians. Thompson, Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, William E. Griffiths, and from many JUNE: Fetishism. other workers at home and mission.aries abroad. The Department of Best Africa and Madagascar. Methods is to be maintained with its Industrial Missions. invaluable practical suggestions to pas- Negroes- in America. tors, Sunday-school workers .and leaders in local missionary societies. A special JULY: page of stimulating facts is to be added that will be suitable for quotations on The Islands of the Sea. church calendars and in missionary Arctic Missions. meetings. Missionary Administration.

In addition to articles of timely inter- AUGUST: est that can not be announced before- Roman Catholic Europe. The Papacy. The Mountaine.ers of the South. Woman's Work for Women.

SEPTEMBER: Japan and Korea. The Japanese in America. Shinto. Evangelistic Missions.

OCTOBER: Moslem Lands. Mohammedanism. Medical Missions. Young Peoples' -Vork. NOVEMBER: the cause before giving, or shall at least refer to other responsible parties South America. who have investigated. Frontier Home Missions. Educational Missions. Many appeals come to the Editor of The Greek Church. the REVIEW to help needy and worthy causes, and many inquiries are made DECEMBER: concerning those who are collecting money. A good story of "wonderful The Jews. wnversion and remarkable evidences of Missionary Literature. Unoccupied Fields. Children's Work for Children.

CONTINENTAL MISSION STATISTICS the power of God," an eloquent tongue or pleading voice, is not sufficient evi- NOone can examine our statistical dence of the worthiness of an object. table showing the figures for Prot- Oftentimes the more useless the cause estant Foreign missions of Continental the better wiJI be the story-a good societies without a feeling of sadness. story is necessary and does not need The work of these flourishing and grow, to adhere to facts. A few years ago a ing societies has been almost paralyzed. New Zealander told a wonderful story The missionaries are cut off from their and obtained large sums of moneyhome base and many are living in an which he used on himself. Another enemy's country. The British govern- man from India told of a – remarkable ment is giving protection, but many are farm which he had made a Christian necessarily under surveillance because of colony-but he was described as a liar the danger of spies. The British mis- by those missionaries who were his sionaries are treating their German neighbors in India. But of all lands, brethren as Christian comrades and are Syria, Armenia and Persia seem to be ready to offer ass'istance to any _who most prolific in false money-beggars. may be in need. Word has just reached us from The work of the German societies Canada that certain Armenians from shows a distinct gain over last year. Asia Minor have been deported (into The home income increased nearly the United States) f0r obtaining money $500,000, and 32,000 are added to the under false pretenses. They tell a good total number of communicants reported. story and have collected thousands of French, Netherlands and Scandinavian dollars. They produce letters from societies also report a gain over 1913. Bishops in Asia Minor and Persia and What will be the report next year? The even from Christian missionaries in Continental missions and missionaries America. There are nine of these men should be earnestly remembered in our engaged in -this business who have been prayers. Their missionaries are at work deported at one time, but there are in African colonies, in Turkey, Persia, hundreds of others who must be guard- Russia, India, Egypt, Micronesia, and ed against. Their letters are either other countries involved in the war. forged or obtained under – false repre- MISSIONARY "CONFIDENCE MEN" sentations, their photographs are unre- M ANY a good cause suffers because liable and their "orphanages" are mir- of its goodness, and many a gener- ages or belong to missions that have ous giver is imposed upon because of given them no authority to collect funds.

his – or her generosity. There are There is too much need for money in "fakirs" in missionary circles as well as reliable missionary work for Christians in business, and it is advisable that to be careless stewards. If unknown those whose hearts prompt them to give men and women call, their stories to the great work of God and the relief should be inyestigated and if found un- of suffering humanity shaH investigate true the police should be notified.

OF THE PROTESTANT FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETIES OF THE CONTINENT OF EUROPE

(Copyright, 1915, by the M,SS'ONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD.) STATISTICS GATHERED BY PASTOR E. BERLIN, GERMANY (See page 60) FOREIGN MISSIONARIES NATIVE WORKERS NUMBER HEATHEN PHYSICIANS LAST YEAR .!:l CONTINENT OF <<>> EUROPE ….0..:. Foreign Countries in which Missions are NAME OF ORGANIZATION V) Sustained and Number of Missions (Abbreviated) "..0: (5 1. Germany I 1 I I 1 I Berlin •.•••…..•.•.••••.••..•••• 1824 $380,812 I $59,052 1181 2 33 113 : 31 2971 31 I 1,615 1,646 1,9431 6;: I 58 39,023 34,552 5,620 I 309 3,630 1 5,620 I ? 12 295 738 29,7141 21 ? I 18,504 China, (2), Eastern and Southern Africa. 166 220 2, 1 96,325 i i 46 4,140 12,410 7,471 1,339 1,393 7,471 i '66 523 2 84 Breklum …………•…..••.•.•• 1877 2: [… ~ 21 1 7 54 …. 166 29 43 2,638[' …• 1 18,000 India, Africa (2 leper asylums). 1,211 67 106 ,; 34 ! 104 184 Charity in the East……. . • • • . • • .. 1896 112,524 :1 3 3 10 ;I ? ? •… 1 …. [ 2 29 *37 3,400 1 3 ? Turkey, Asia Minor. General Prot. Miss. Union •••..•… 1884 46 …. German Baptist …••.••.••.••.•••• 1890 I 6 1,053 1,154 13 19 I 5,918 I 5; 1 14 8 21 360 479 ?3 ? ? 2 154 103]' 2 3 6,087 Japan, China. 67,315 I , I 25 31 3,557 ••.. 17 1 . . . . 39 7 60 128 9 ? 3,124 312 :J 8 1,643 1 6 2 ? German West Africa. 59,4961 2,367 ! ?30 6 218 German East Africa .•.•.•••….••• 1886 62,860 3,432 19 ' … . 25 80 •… 104 :: 1 1,278 990 571 109 1 104 3,850 ] •.•• German East Africa. German Orient …….•..•••..•••• 1900 5,122 1 32,359 i 1 ••.. 2 31 1 ?1 *4 *290 I 1 1 5,072 Bulgaria, Turkey, Persia, Russia. •••• i 8,873 4 4 73 507 i ····1 ? 66 341 10,106 1' … •••• i 3 Gossner ••……•……••.•.•••… 1836 99,9261 14,1541, 47 ..•• 8 37 9 101 43 1,010 34,538 66,371 12,125 1,541 4,872 12,125 I 459 (2 asylums for lepers), India (3), German West Africa. Hermannsburg ..•………….•.•• 1849 134,923 I Jerusalem Union …………•….. 1852 32,554 35,867 61 , •… 55 3 119 4 356 220 34,945 42,268 1,769 1,353 2,933 43 287 (Asylum for lepers), India, South Africa, Persia.

….. i 1 2 63 22 4 2 ? ? '::-:1 5 12 10,::: Ii : : : : Palestine. 3 3 Kaiserswerth …..•.•….•••.•.••. 1836 ?I 128 67 6 5 474 4 7,422 Egypt, Syria, Palestine, Asia Minor, Turkey.

Leipsic .•……•…….•• , …….. 1836 225,636 937 56 1 …. 7 17 81 23 148 171 252 287 11,132 12,034 717 924 904 717 230 357 19,237 1 26,594 India. British and German East Africa. 11899096 61,233 9, 1 96 174 . …………..•……• 1j 29 1 …. 19 29 78 .••. I 96 37 3,015 ? *437 *78 *437 '39 *2,0281 …. 2 Micronesia (China, see China Inland Missi<>n). Lelbenzell 325,789 524 2,170 2,537 Moravians *…………………. 1732 *52,381 50 108 255,688 i 142 1 …. 40 172 12 367 48 2,122 187 35,238 65,368 6,773 660 3,793 1,535 189 25,375 9 256 440 36,198 4 India, South and Central Africa, West Indies, South and 2 38 41' 1,523 1 …. Central America, Australia, Indians, Eskimos. Neuendette1sau ….•..•……….. 1886 473 II 26 …. , ..•• 8 22 2 58 … . 50 29 2,718 1,260 1,636 364 154 1,636 …. 1,050 New Guinea, Queensland.

N eukirchen ….•……••••.•…•.. 1881 43,519 630 I 33 I 1…. ? 9 43 … . 129 129 172 38 ? 3,111 1,043 161 841 311 15 253 2 20 41 2,442 7 31,183 Java, British and German East Africa.

North German ………" ………. 1836 128,579 I 11,448 1 21 1 •… .••• 5 9 51 6 245 251 302 164 ? 4,955 6,386 406 628 9071 406 •… 1 87 187 7,224 German and British West Africa. Rhenish ..••……….•…..••.•• 1828 312,4881 25 385 6113 116,531 23,625 Eight Other Societies ..•.••..••.•.. .:..:.:..:.1 217,864! I = 77,6451 171 4…. 20 40 I 2,881 i 2,921 3,306 117 42 ? 1 102,622 9,231 16,891 23,625 73 43,624 7 277 839 50,549 2 6 83,744 South Africa, Dutch East Indies (5), China. 2,446,5831 3,048 3,871 742 Total •…•••……..•..•.•••.•• 17,0181 68 3 . • . . 87 27 212 21 144[" 49 ? I 4,752 368,276 62,954 205 ~I~I-?- ? 1 10 87 6,108 1 4 ? –rn 146 358 500,486 –s4Q l—-ui I i l l -70-4 i l l -3-6-3 -2,-16-6 I 9,169 9,387 11,553 I ?108 278,356 19,336 35,957 56,856 755 80,358 54 1,601 3,630 190,4341 26 29 197,656 I iii 1 1 I ! iii 1 1 I Bas}~oc~:~~~~~~~~~•••••.••• 1815 1 483,242 127,685 1 214 5…. 125 190 Ii 33 __ 567 57 i 2,0391 2,096 2,663 73 : 816 39 41,166 30,435 5,346 3,450 I 3,501 5,346 5,640 12 261 853 56,611 6 8 65,214 India, China, German (2) and British West Africa. 24 21 ? 2,994 South Africa, Portuguese East Africa. Mission Romande •.•.•..••..•••••• 1875 I 69,125 12,866 18 4 10 77.:..:.:..:. ~"I ~ ~ 1_31 ~ ~ 2,529 151 I 18 2,994 ? 2 68 101 3,191 3 ..•• 216, 30,435 8,340 3,601! 3,519 I 8,340 Total (incl. one other society)… I 555,390 140,551, 232 9 1381 59 654 57 I 2,147, 2,204 2,8581 86 ; 898 39 43,695 5,640 14 329 954 59,802 9 8 –65–,21–4 — — — — — -. – —— .n '.'" I " I ", '" I "" Pari~;o!~a~~.~ ,I…. " .•.•••••.•.••••• 18221 I I .. ! "'" '"'''' ".'" I"'" I".'" ?? ? ? t24,040 i? ? Africa (5), Melanesia (2), Polynesia. "'.'" '".''' I " I 'SO , =1= 4. Netherlands 25,536 1,490 71 1…. 2! 3 i 2! 15 i …. I ?161 16 31 6 5 …. 1 645 1,541 ? I 44 …. i ? 1 40 16 1,000 zI 2 38,000 Dutch East Indies (2).

Neth. Mennonite Union ••••••••.••• 1847 Neth. Missionary Union ••••••.•••• 1858 *27,209 *3,007 i ? 12….. .•. 4 31 19 ••.• i 80 1 80 99 10 20 …. i 1,408 1,358? 64 79 ? 1 33 30 1,611 4 1 3 24,151 Dutch East Indies.

Netherland Society ••••••••••.•••• 1797 80,565 1 ?1 19 31 1 8 i ?: 8 1 39 •.. , i 159 159 198 15 159 …. I ? 18,503 ? ' 911 1,061 ? 2 32 126 10,845 2 2 61,487 Dutch East Indies (3).

? : ? 51,655 II 153 i 16 146 .•.• ! 7,647 ? i 506 i 649 1 ? Dutch East Indies (2), Dutch New Guinea. Utrecht Union ……………….. 1859 18. ••. . ..•…. I ? ' …. : 18 …. I 153 171 ? 1 33 128 ?I–?- 4,567 1 …. ········1 59,286 ?831 60 Four Other Societies•••••••••••••• iIi = l—m ——m I 14 27 244,251 ~ –8-6 1–4 –1 ? I " 113 1 . "'1 ? ?1 3,000 _ _6 _ _ ? '] 30. .•• 24 : 41 58 ••.. 1 i 83 141 I' 20 1 50 ••.. I 1,177 [ 1,410 Total •••…•••…….••••• ••••• i 11491 640 ~ I 380 -.-..-. 3,230 30,459 –?-: 1,6381 1,789 –?- ? 5 138 360 21,023 15 7 1123,638 5. Scandinavia I 3~ 6 1 Danish Society . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . , 1821 119,885 1 2 •••. 26 21 86 7 263 270 356 20 42 7 1,032 1,613 286 136 ? 64 3,035 3 3 83,591 India, China. Seven Other Danish Societies.••••. 53,000 China. 782 10 12 34 … . 25 25 59 7 ? ? ? ? 55 ..• 9 360 3 ? South Africa, Madagascar (2), China (2 asylums for lepers). India, Ceylon, South Africa. Norwegian Luth. China Mission ..•• 1890 68,942 131 19 1 •.•. 17 9 46 … . 89 89 135 11 27 716 130 176 30 ? ? 1 18 11 401 1 ? China, Chinese Turkestan, Belgian and French Kongo, Russia. Norwegian Miss. Society……….. 1842 248,925 6,679 India. East Africa (3). *68 *2 *2 …. *58 -30 *160 lOt 1,460 1,561 1,721 49 ?114 883 30,301 57,633 5,680 2,662 3,956 5,680 813 23,365 7 23~ 221 8,989 3 3 25,350 German Southwest Africa, China. Japan. Three Other N <>rwegian Societies… • .•. 28,115 193 8 …. 6 7 21 ?127 132 153 7 67 1,378 2,269 657 329 141 657 64 1,276 Church of Sweden Miss•••…….. 1874 88,907 4,775 266 271 340 20 119 5,237 Belgian Kongo. Swedish Missionary Union .•…..•• 1878 123,637 1,422 24 1 •••• 2 22 20 69 297 297 424 18 92 3,420 4,246 1,573 395 301 1,573 1 40 230 5,876 21 ? Swedish National Society …•….•. 1856 3,909 239 337 3 20 101 2,576 98,080 ! 56 1 …. 40 30 127 1 20 201 3,394 ? 422 20 ? 14 1,512 2 4 I1 13,586 29 2 .••• 8 24 35 98 234 24 31 1,661 2,077 197 ? 1 .•.. 13,800 Seven Other Swedish Societies ….. . 134,006 1 ?I,033 20 1 ••.• 37 I 46 44 148 259 260 408 36 ?65 16 2,551 ? ? 60 1,500 1 8 ? Finnish Miss. Society ••…..•…..• 1859 66,894 1,752 141 212 27 •.•• 2 …. I 25 17 71 •.•• 141 12 63 1,848 1,675 284 150 2 66 61 3,715 2 2 8,695 Lutheran Finnish Society ………. 1873 16,033 2 •••• 4 2 3 11 …. 7 7 181 4 – -? – – 1 ? 1- -?- ?50 ? 22 2? 9 350 ····1···· 12 837 25,282 —- Total (incl. one small society) ..• 1,053,174 20,676 292 16 – 1 – 5 57 274 242 888 124 3,174 3,298 4,186 212 709 " 9181 46,301 69,908 7,910 4,789 4,736 7,910 – 1 – === – – 17 405 943 32,965 16 22 145,022 —— — 1,593 111,280 i I 1,621 121,161 — I ==== I 6. Belgium 1 ! II I i I Societe BeIge des Miss. Prot. au ! 1 . I I I I — — — — — — _ 1 – =~I1=~ 90 2,478 15,887 328,264 I I I= Kongo* 1 1910 ===4=,3=1=0 5,396 1,065371,582 499,078 90,040 No Report Rece I ived = I = 1 = = = 1 = Total Continent of Europe (1914 = 1 ~ ~ I~ Reports) ……….•.••……• — — —- — $4,503,883 [$732,148 [ 1,5081 j _6 /1,292 4,036 488/15,765 16,253 20,289 1 1,070 30,765 47'3781183'9421' 531,530 31,463 63,938 81,747 Total 1913 Reports.••..••••..••. i 469 3,812,3691 687,4731 1,435 41 I 6 378 1,081 657 3,802 14,887 15,356 19,1581 1,002 5,467 ?76 ! 356,694 623,791 89,580 94 2.189 5,456 301,568 63 36 567,580 'Signifies that no recent report was at hand. Last year's figures given. tReport incomplete. Rieport of "Miss. Fran~aise, Prot., et Kabylie" not received. tAn international society. "Includes both adults and children.

WODLD-WiDE

MISSIONADY NE S THE WORK AND THE WORLD year ago, the sum he named was com- pleted. Every penny earned will be "0 God'. Search for Man used in Christian work. "These stores THER religions have risen out of will support missionaries, they will pay man's search for God, but Chris- the salaries of ,ministers, they will comtianity is God's search for man. And fort the needy, they will furnish the we dare not interrupt it-we who have lessons of Christianity to the untaught." received only to give. It came to us Mr. Duke is sixty years of age, and has when we were savage and comfortless, been a member of a Baptist church for and has made us what we are, and from twenty-five years. Since his young manus it must go to the old and new peoples hood he has given a tenth of his earnof the earth. Asia, Africa, and these ings to Christian work. islands that sleep in the lap of the Pacific are pleading, 'We would see The Miuionary Physician Jesus.' " NOT long ago a missionary who "'Oh, where is He that trod the sea? studied theology and medicine was 'Tis only He can save.''' believed to be doubly equipped for the foreign field; now, concentration and Who Will Go? not diffusion is the word. Nevertheless, the idea that the missionary should be I N the United States there is one or- doubly equipped has been conserved, in- dained minister to every 594 people; asmuch as the spiritually minded mis~ in Africa there is one to every 82,152 sionary physician can do the work of the people; in Korea there is one to every physician and the evangelist. 123,7II people; in Japan there is one to every 172,538 people; in India there is The missionary physician has marvelone to every 321,448 people; in China ously unique opportunities which make there is one to every 476,462 people. possible his being a doubly equipped There are 1,557 principal cities in China man. His point of sympathetic contact, unoccupied by missionaries. The vast- physical disease, is assured from the ness of the caU seems to be beyond our very start. Further, if the doctor shall powers of comprehension. Certainly it inspire his nurses and helpers with the is beyond any adequate response on our evangelistic spirit to the extent of part as yet. creating an evangelistic atmosphere, one can scarcely imagine conditions more M The Profits for God suited to the winning of men to· the R. H. Z. DUKE, a Ba:>tist of Texas, Savior. In addition to all this the is giving to the cause of religion the hospital may send out its nurses through proceeds of his twenty-one "nickel" (five a city and find the distrest who would cents or 20d. per article) stores. He gladly come to the hospital-haven if and his wife agreed with their con- orily they could, and so may actually science four years ago to turn the earn- bring help and heal them. The ordinary ings of these stores to the use of Chris- evangelist must go to the mountain, hard tianity, when his savings should amount and obdurate with prejudice while the to a hundred thousand dollars. Over a

physician evangelist stands in his lot, Disciples of Christ beckons, and lo! the mountain comes to him, and truth-seeds are sent back for MEN and millions: these were the planting in the homes and villages 01' key words of the sixty-fourth anthe country.-Korea Mission Field. nual convention of the American Chris- tian missionary societies of the Dis- Perils in the Every-Member Canvass ciples of Christ, held in Atlanta, Ga. The attendance at several sessions of the I. Unprepared church for the canvass. convention numbered 10,000, including 2. Untrained leadership. 3,000 delegates. Thirty-eight States 3. Unprepared canvassers. were represented. Less than a year ago 4. Overemphasis on either budget for A. E. Cory of pncinnati, then a mis- sionary in China, was sent back to current expenses or missions. America by his fellow missionaries to plead for a quarter of a milIiondoIIars 5. The canvass is made an end, not a for missions. When he landed it was with the determination to raise $1,000,- means. 000. The Board of Missions had even 6. Inefficient check-up. greater faith and after much praying 7. Not foIlowed up quarterly. and planning the sum of $6,300,000 was 8. No missionary treasurer. decided upon for enlargement of mis- 9. AU done by the preacher. sionary and educational work at home ro. Not made annually. and abroad. R. A. Long of Kansas City gave $1,000,000, and the second million NORTH AMERICA is already nearly raised.

RAmerican Roman Catholics and Mis.ions The movement also has definite plans OMAN Catholics of the United for s'ecuring 1,000 young college men States are steadily advancing to first and women for missionary fields and is place in support of the missions of their adopting the "Every-Member Canvass" communion, and supplanting France in plan, giving each and every member of that respect. Ten years ago the French the denomination an opportunity to par- Church gave $815,000; five years ago, ticipate in the maintenance or extension $675,000; and last year, according to of its missionary, educational and reports just made public, $590,000. Ten benevolent interests. years' ago the United States Roman Catholics gave $45,000 a year, and last I Methodist Finances and War Relief year, according to the same report, N spite of the European war and busi- $44°,000. The headquarters of the one ness depression the regular receipts great Roman Missionary Society are at of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Lyons, with considerable offices in Paris Methodist Episcopal Church for 1914 and Rome. The Society's income last were $1,170,258.97. This shows an inyear was $1,622,996. It was the largest crease of $I2,789.57 over 1913, which in its history, but the total is far smaller had held the record as banner year. than that of a dozen Protestant societies in America. The great givers to Roman There was received in February from Catholic missions are, among American a friend whose name for the present is dioceses: New York, with gifts last year witheld from the public, securities, the amounting to $157,000; Boston, $57,000; market value of which at that time was Philadelphia, $53,000; Cleveland, $7,800, estimated at $175,000. The money wasand B,altimore, $7,100. Not a city in ta be used for the ~rection of a building Rom~J1' countries, like AUl'tria, Italy, at Budapest, Hungary, and another at Belgium anq.Spain, comes ,anywhere near Petrograd, ·Russia, and for the benefit of th,e gifts .~af these gener9us Roman the William Nast CoIlege at Kiukiang, Catholic Americans.–,-Th~Chfwchman.

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China; $50,000 was to be set aside for to fore given to Turkey. Successful rethe Permanent Fund of the Board. sults imply careful preparations, and the plans for this campaign included an The retired missiqnaries fund which illustrated and clever circular addrest was begun last year by a gift of $75,000 to all undergraduates, another circular was increased by a gift of $50,000. to all the alumni, a group of forty can- vassers representing dormitories, "frats" At the November meeting of the and clubs, wide advertisement by posters General Committee of the Methodist in dormitories and prominent points on Board, the effect of the war upon mis- the campus, an outside speaker to presion work was carefully considered. The sent the conditions in Turkey, a public loss of ministers and men in the belli- meeting where subscription cards were gerent countries and in neutral states passed and signed, followed by a canvass under military mobilization; the depres- of all the dormitories begun immediately sion of business in Italy, Scandinavia on Sunday night following the meeting. and Switzerland; the war rates of ex- On this night they reached 30 per cent. change in the trasmission of funds; the of the college and the next night the rise of prices, even in South America, attempt was made to complete the list. the Philippines and Korea; the demoralization of Mexico and the poignant Chinese Women Student. in America hurt of Belgium were cited. A strong committee recommended an appeal to ONE of the most significant pieces of the Church to raise by special collections work carried on by the Foreign at least $225,500 for war relief. Department of the National Board of Young Women's Christian Associations Missionary Exhibits Accessible is the hold which it has obtained upon Oriental young women studying in T HE Missionary Education Movement America, . Association leaders have has organized a department to act brought them, as far as possible, into as an interdenominational agency for the close touch with the best American home supply of material which may be rented life, and the generosity of one friend for missionary exhibits, entertainments, has made it possible for every Oriental plays, and meetings. woman student in the United States to be invited each year to one of the sum- It has issued a "Catalog of Exposition mer conferences conducted by the Naand Exhibit Material," in which are an- tional Board in various parts of the nounced costumes, scenery, curios, and country. It is appropriate, therefore, other accessories used in dramatic pres- that the Association should concern itentation in connection with missionary self with the coming of ten Chinese girts, education. This material is illustrative the first to be sent on the American Inof the life, customs, and religions of demnity Fund, tho China has sent numnearly alL non-Christian peoples and of bers of young men in the last five years'. several phases of Home Mission work. It is a striking fact that they are all The catalog may be procured from any Christians, and eight of them are da:ughof the Home or Foreign Mission Boards ters of Chinese Christian clergymen, or Societies, or direct from the Mission- They were chosen by competitive examiary Education Movement, New York. nations held in English in Peking. All the way from China officers of the How Dartmouth Students Did It· Y. W. C. A. have had friendly oversight of the girls, and the National Board in A MISSIONARY finance campaign at New York will assist in sdecting the' Dartmouth College, Hanover, New schools they will attend. ,It is a chal- .Hampshire, in the interests of the work at. Mardin, Turkey, raised $712, in contr~st to the $35 that Dartmouth has here-

lenge to the Christian Church of the $750,000. Last year those churches and United States, in whatever institutions organizations which are reckoned in the or communities these young women may tabulation of missionary offerings confind their home, to put about them the tributed $604,895, being $42,794 in exstrongest Christian influences and to see cess of the previous year; so that it that these women from far-off Chinese seems probable that the larger amount, churches shall be so matured in their $750,000, will be contributed. All this Christian life that they may go back to is heartening, in view of the hundred become leaders in the vital development and one demands made upon Christian of the womanhood of China. individuals and churches; in view of th.e business depression that has prevailed; Oriental. at Service. in California and in view of the many, Christians and others, who are not enthusiastic in the I T is worthy of note that when the matter of missionary operations. When crypt of the new cathedral in San three hundred and fifty busy Christian Francisco was dedicated this year, men gather at a banquet at such a time "From Greenland's Icy Mountains" was as this, and resolve to go forward in this sung by a choir from the Japanese mis- matter of advancing the Kingdom of sion, and "Jesus shall Reign where'er the God, it may be expected that, by the Sun," by a Chinese choir. Addresses blessing of God, the end will be achieved. were also ·given by Chinese and Japan- -Canadian B($ptist. ese clergymen. Fifteen hundred and fifty-three Bibles and New Testaments LATIN AMERICA were presented to the officers and men of two Japanese cruisers in San Fran- Improvement in Porto Rico cisco. Representatives of the Bible Society, of the Federation of Churches REV. C. J. RYDER, who went to and of the Japanese-American evan- Porto Rico in 1902 to open the gelization society, Dendo Dan, partici- Congregational miSSion, has recently pated' in the formal presentation which visited the island, and writes in The took place on the afterdeck of Admiral Advance of the marked progress in these Kuroi's flagship, the Asama. The flag- twelve years along industrial, educaship's band played the national airs of tional, ethical, and religious lines. He the two countries, and in addition, "I says: "The sanctity of the home has love you, California," which, in view of been emphasized by the Protestant Californian legislation, indicates a rea- churches that have been established. The sonable spirit of forgivenes.s· on the part public school system developed by the of the visitors.-Record of Christian superintendent of education of the Work. United States is excellent and compre- hensive. It includes kindergarten, in- CANADA dustrial training and high-school work in many of its schools. An excellent Missionary Giving in Toronto university has been erected at Rio Pied- ras that would be an honor to any SEVEN years ago, the combined giv- country. '(he percentage of illiteracy ings of the Protestant churches in has been reduced and bright, energetic Toronto to missionary objects amounted students are being trained in these difto about $150,000. In November, 1907, ferent institutions." Industrially, the the Laymen's Missionary Movement, at most striking feature is the gradual its inaugural meeting, decided to make development of a middle class, which did the objective for the ensuing .year; not exist when Spain surrendered the $350,000. That objective was attained; island. and now the objective for the current year has been made no less than

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The Opportunity in Mexico local Evangelical Alliance has been in successful operation for several years. A LARGE number of former pupils The membership is made up of repre- of the People's Institute, a school sentatives of the same four organizaconducted by the Disciples of Christ at tions. It holds monthly meetings for its Piedras Negras, are now occupying members, and has carried through sevpositions of influence in the government eral union evangelistic efforts. This of Mexico, or in its army. It was of year it is holding a monthly union this school that Carranza, when he was prayer-meeting which itinerates from president of Coahuila, said that twenty- one church to another in 'widely separfive such institutions would permanently ated parts of the city.-WM. B. BOOMER cure Mexico of revolutions. Rev. S. C. in Assembly Herald. Inman, the Principal, writes that the wonderful opportunities in Mexico pre- Disciples' Commission on Latin America sented to the Evangelical churches today, make it difficult to be patient until RECOGNIZING the great part Latin peace is assured before the great body America is to play in the world's of missionaries return to Mexico. Every community is disorganized. The Roman life in the twentieth century and the Catholic churches and the public schools great need of the Christian forces' of are still closed, and rich families who North America to contribute in the generally lead in the community life broadest and most scientific way to the have not yet returned' from the United development 9f this life, a Commission States. This is a time for manifesting on Latin America has been named to some of the old heroic spirit of missions. represent the Disciples of Christ in the Mr. Inman asks: "Has our missionary new movement· toward our neighborscience and carefulness brought us to ing republics of the South, which is being the point where we are willing to walk felt in all parts of North America. Comonly by sight? How much longer will mercial and political relationships bethe whole Evangelical Church in North tween the two continents will not be America stand in an attitude of watch- solved save by a uniting in spiritual reful waiting while these people are neg- lationships. To bring about the latter lected at the time they most need our means a more thorough study of the hishelp and our message." tory and philosophy of life of the people of South America, and a deeper appre- Miaaionary Cooperation in Chile ciation of them than the North Ameri- can has s'o far been willing to accord. T HE last three or four years have It is the aim of the Commission to con- seen considerable advance in co- tribute as far as possible to the formaoperation among the American and tion of broad and sure foundations for English evangelical forces in Chile. In the future friendship of the peoples of the southern part of the country an in- the two continents. terdenominational Sunday-school Association holds a successful annual con- DR.Earl Taylor on South America vention, in which workers of the Church S. EARL TAYLOR, of the of England, the Methodist Episcopal and Methodist Board of Foreign Mis- Presbyterian Churches of the United sions, who has recently returned from a States and of the Christian and Mission- trip through South America, reports ary Alliance work together harmoni- that: "There are many chances for mis- sionary work in Panama, and cooperation ouSlY. between mis'sionaries laboring in the northern part of South America and in In Santiago, the capital of Chile, a

Mexico is likely eventually to solve many England and the Continental Missions problems." M' LE PASTEUR BIANQUIS (Sec- Ecuador is the only country in South America from which Protestant mission- retary of the Paris Missionary So- aries have ever been expelled. "In other ciety) in writing a letter of thanks to countries of South America," he said, the London Missionary Society, for cer- "a number of the churches, particularly tain services rendered to his Society the Protestant Episcopal, have been in- says: strumental in securing civil liberty. Conditions are excellent in Bolivia and "I have already told you how touched Peru. The government of Bolivia sub- I was by the tokens of Christian frater- scribes to the support of the Methodist nity which your Society has given us. Episcopal school. Chile contains the We do not believe that our country will 'Yankees' of South America. Argentine be subjected to a defeat, but we believe is growing as our West did in the early the victory will be very hard to win, and days, and with this difference, that her that it will leave us exhausted for many pioneer towns are according to the years."-L. M. S. Chronicle. standards of new towns that are develop- ing in a state like Ohio, for instance. War and the MeAll Mission There are great opportunities in Peru and Chile." MOST of the leaders in the McAll Mission are now in the trenches on EUROPE the battle lines in northern France, and the work of the Mission is being kept Difficulties of Bible Work up for the most part by the wives and children of the workers who are in the IN the continental countries which are army. now at war the British and Foreign Bible Society's normal work is largely at Five of the Paris mission halls have a standstill. Indeed, many of its col- been converted into workrooms for porteurs-who number nearly 200 in women whom the war has rendered des- those countries-have been called out to titute. Two meals a day are provided, serve with the colors', and are now in and a small sum of money is given to some cases fighting against each other. each woman. The Mission workers are The mobilization authorities in Turkey on half-pay, which is entirely insufficient, have even laid hands on the Society's and if the war lasts more than three workers in places as remote as Port Said, months it is a question how the workers Bagdad and Mosul. Since hostilities can live. began, however, it has been found pos- sible to distribute 130,000 Testaments and Meanwhile the work of the Mission Gospels among the German and Aus- is more necessary than ever. Part of its trian soldiers; while the Society's agents work has been conducted on two boats in Russia have been authorized to dis- that went up and down the little rivet's . tribute Gospels as far as practicable of northern France running through the among the Russian armies. Within the terrible battlefields. One of these boats British Empire, the Society has already was at Meaux, on the Marne, when the supplied 300,000 New Testaments and war broke out. With the approach of Gospels for distribution among the troops the Germans toward Paris it was a proceeding to the front-recn~its, refu- military necessity to sink all the· boats gees, p'ri~oners. of war, "and wounded that could help the invaders across the! soldiers-in the various ,languages re- river, and a Mission boat, Le Bon M es- quired. sager, on whose wide decks in days of peace the Gospel was so often preached, was sunk by a detachment of English troops. J

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The War and Strong Drink workers,- and having 246,6g0 communi- I T was in r899, in October of which cants, carryon active service in the year the South African war broke out, regions beyond. In our own Mission, that the drink: bill of England reached over 100 Germans are united wit:h us in its highest point-namely 186 millions. evangelizing China, and they are a most From this it gradually fell in ten years devoted body of men and women. These to 155 millions, rising again to 166 mil- are facts which are not to be forgotten, lions last year. The principal com- and we should beware of any spirit of batants in the present struggle appear to generalization which leaves them out of have no faith in the fortifying properties account. In our prayer and praise then of alcohol. From the press we learn let us be sure to remember all of the that Lord Kitchener has intimated that German Christians as "brethren be- "No presents of cases of wine or spirits loved."-China's Millions.

can be accepted for the troops at the front, and no consignments of this Spiritual Quickening in Spain nature will be forwarded to them." THE leader of the Presbyterian Germany.-"There is absolutely no al- churches in Spain; Senor Don Cip- coholic liquor being sold. The sale has riano Tornos, was, as a young man, a evidently been forbidden." Catholic and court preacher to Queen France.-"The manufacture of ab- Isabella II. He was converted to evan- sinthe has been suspended." gelical Christianity by study of the Bible Russia-"The drink shops throughout when preparing for a debate against the Empire ha'e been closed since the Protestantism. For many years he has mobilization began, and Russia is now been one of the ablest leaders of the mOTe sober than the State of Maine." Reformation in Spain. The largest In various parts of England some re- Protestant Church in Madrid, with a duction is proposed in the hours for the membership of over 200, occupies a sale of drink, but such petty reforms building which has also been converted will never meet the case. from Catholicism. It is a gloomy struc- ture in a narrow street and was once I A -Good Word for German. the residence of a leading Inquisitor. N these days when so much criticism Subterranean pas-sages lead to torture is being exprest toward Germany, it is chambers. For many years the buildwell for us to remember that in the ing was occupied by the depot of the midst of that people are many godly Bible Society.- Now it res"Ounds with saints to whom the world owes an un- the voices of Sunday-school children.

payable debt of obligation and gratitude. MOSLEM LANDS Not all German theologians are higher Mi••ionariea Safe in Turkey critics, and not a few are deeply evan- gelical. Also, many of our best de- THE American Board received, No- votional writers are Germans. Also, the vember 10th, through the State De- German misionary spirit is a strong one. partment at Washington the following In former days, Gutslaff-one of the dispatch from W. W. Peet of Constanti- pioneer missionaries in China-was the nople, treasurer of all the Board's Turk- example and inspirer of Mr. Hudson ish missions: Taylor, and thus, in a sense, he was the "American Ambassador with hearty co- founder of the China Inland Mission. operation of Turkish officials has situa- In the present days, some tw~nty-~ tion com,Pletely in hand. Missionaries missionary societies. having a totltI men'i~ and their WQ,k fully safeguarded. Every- bership of 2,II5 forei?'J1,and 8,766 nativ.,e thing proceeding as' though normal con-

ditions prevailed. You may safely re- particularly vitalizing just now and the assure all friends." Jewish work is not interfered with."

This means that the American Board's A Arab Againat Arab 174 misionaries at twenty centers all MISSIONARY writes home: over the Turkish Empire, together with "The day Dr. and Mrs. A. K. Ben- their homes, their schools, their seven nett left for Bagdad there was a little colleges and nine hospitals are not only disturbance that threatened to turn into safe from injury, but are proceeding rather serious trouble between some with their work as tho Turkey were MUlltefib Arabs and the head of the not at war. Great credit is due to Am- Arabs here. For a few days the most bassador Morgenthau for his skill and wild-looking Arabs from all around enterprise in conserving their manifold Busrah came in to fight for their leader, interests. The dispatch also gives grat- but I think they have all returned to . ifying evidence that the Turkish Govern- their villages. Miss Holzhauser had ment appreciates the worth of the Ameri- planned to stay on her side of the creek can missionary enterprise among its at night, because she wanted to be near people.-Congregationalist. the hospital, but during the disturbance she slept here. But she has gone back The Situation in Palestine again, and the dispenser and his wife are staying with her so she is not alone." MISSIONARIES of the Christian and Misionary Alliance in Pales- The Situation in Persia tine report as follows: AT present the population of Persia "Most of the English and Scotch is nearly 10,000,000, 9,500,000 of missionaries have left Palestine and which are Mohammedans. There are much of the German Mission work as well as the French ·Roman Catholic ac- eleven Provinces, the capital is Teheran. tivity is suspended. Altho the Shah is the nominal ruler he has little real authority. The south- pur mission intends to prosecute our ern part of Persia is under the in- work in so far as possible. American fluence of Great Britain, and the north- institutions hold vantage ground just ern part is under Russian influence. now, but even they are facing serious The Persians are making an effort to difficulties. Local' opposition to our build up their own government, but work in Beersheba has again been mani- they are gradually growing weaker, and fest.ed by the officials there, and we may Persia seems destined to be swallowed be compelled to withdraw our staff for up by her neighbors. They have no a time. The Scotch Mission Hospital funds to keep a standing army. in Hebron is closed, and it may be found advisable to shut up OUf mission house While nearly all the inhabitants arc there. Itineration is impossible. We Mohammedan, there are many sects: are thankful that we are still unhindered in Jerusalem, and onlyan unprecedented Most of these sects believe in the upheaval would make work and residence Koran, but some do not believe in its here impossible. We have sent notices inspiration. There are also fifty or to our Boarding-school students that if sixty thousand fire worshipers, or they will bring their full fee when they Parsees; 70,000 nominal Christians, the c<;>me;. ~e hope to be able to open both Armenians and Nestorians; and about schools' as .welI'"as -the Bible Training 40,000 Jews. School. We do this in the hope! that Several Protestant denominations have will all promised help from America be missionaries in Persia and the Roman Catholics have a school for,· boys in forthcoming. The church services are U rumia, with 70 to 90 students being

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trained for the priesthood. They also and industrial knowledge to modernize have a girls' school where 60 girls are our ancient and glorious land." being taught. Most of the 20 or more priests are married and have children. AT A Great Ingathering They have church buildings in Tabriz Bulandshahr, ninety miles north of and in Teheran and other places, but their Agra on the Delhi Meerut road, the congregations are small. The American Rev. J. S. C. Banerji, after three years' Presbyterians have a school for Chris- steady work and patient teaching, is betian children and another one for Mo- ginning to see a mass movement. On hammedan boys', and have four self- August 27th some 80 Chamars were bapsupporting churches-between twenty tized. These people are the leather and thirty small congregations with workers of India, and though not so low about 1,400 members. They also have in caste as the sweepers, yet they are some small schools'. outcastes, part of the great "submerged tenth" of India. In the Rev. L. Perfumi's The work of the Russian Greek district of Meerut there is already a large Church is successful at present, as it is and flourishing Christian congregation under the control of the Russian Gov- drawn from this caste. Once begun, the ernment. Many nominal Christians join ties of caste and marriage prove a great their church for personal protection. source of evangelism. THe baptismal They have a school, where boys are service took place on the banks of the trained for the priesthood. There is Ganges canal. also a girls' schOol, and a press.

INDIA THE Work Amona Leper. Rev. K"Cannon, chairman of the The Pre.ent Problem in India Calcutta Church Council, among his many other duties has the supervision MR. RABINDRA NATH TAGORE, of the work at the' Gobra leper asylum. in a stirring message to the Hindu- He writes.: There are about fifty Chris- tian lepe!~in the asylum, and there have stan Association of America, states what been four adult baptisms and six infant he considers to be the present problem of baptisms during the year. Leah, an old India: leper woman who has been in the asylum for over eleven years, was under in- "The present problem of India is not struction for two and a half years. Her political. We shall nev:er be able to fit greatest joy was kneeling down in prayer ourseJyes for higher privileges unless we to God. Without prayer sue found no can,do away with the narrowness of our true happiness. She only survived two mind and the weakness of our character. months after her baptism, and just before All the poison of ignorance, indifference her end she said, "I have waited for and disunion that are in. the very marrow baptism a long time, and now I am of our society are standing in the way going to Jesus' bosom." One old Chrisof our fullest development. Our war- tian woman, Martha, who is blind, fare is with these. We have to train preaches the Gospel every day to the nonourselves to extend our vision from the Christian lepers. And if, for any reason, family to wider circles and to eradicate she is .unable to preach, she can not eat the hedges of effete customs. We need her food. She seems always full of joy, the training of mixing with the outside and has a real love for the people around world. Following the beaten track of her. She is led about by another Christhe. drudgery of governmental clerkship, tian woman, Mary, who helps her to we have become disgracefully worthless. preach sometimes. For the first time, I Shake our country to its very foundation at this' point, and teach our countrymen to walk in pursuit of modern scientific

have taken the communion service in occasion of a banquet in his honor the Hindustani there, as very few know young ruler !Vade a speech in which Bengali. he said: "It is now twelve months since German Missions in India I was invested with ruling powers; THE Gossner Mission of Berlin (says during this time I have devoted myself to getting a grasp of the details of the Bombay Guardian) has a staff administration, and have only been able of 50 Europeans in Chota Nagpur and Bihar. Its Secretary, Rev. Paul Wag- to make a beginning with a few imner, has received the Kaiser-i-Hind Gold Medal. The situation of the Mission is portant reforms, which, God willing, critical. The Bishop of Chota Nagpur, should produce beneficent results in and others, are dealing with the need. time." The regulation of the age of The Schleswig Holstein Mission, with marriage for girls, education, and the more than 40 European missionaries opening of public libraries in all the working in the Vizagapatam District of important centers; the improvement of Madras and the Jeypore Agency, has the capital of the State with a view to already taken drastic action; 275 .Indian the prevention of plague, and also lookagents have been dismissed, ISO more ing to increasing the beauty and comput on half-pay, and a seminary of 78 fort of the city; the foundations of students closed. The Leipzig Lutheran municipal government under the guid- Mission works in the Tanjore, Madura, ance of British officers, and experiand Ramnad Districts of the Madras ments in the introduction of silk cul- Presidency and in Trichinopoly. Its ture: these are the reforms desired by monthly expenditure has been very large, the Maharaja. The young ruler has and is obtained by monthly remittances. fitted himself by study and travel for Since the war broke out nothing has been his difficult post-difficult if success- fully filled.-Indian Witness.

received. Schools have been disbanded Great Strides in Siam and children sent home. The Indian educational staff alone numbers 580. MISS MARGJRET McCORD writes Similar facts with slight variation are home from Bangkok: reported from other German Missions. "In the year that has passed, Siam has Continental Missions other than German made great strides along some lines. The are also in hardship. The strain of the railroad in the Malay peninsula, that will present crisis is upon them, and the pros~ in time join Bangkok to Singapore" and pect is still more serious. The National open to travelers the great beauty of the Missionary Council of India has been Malaya, is nearing completion. Toward facing the situation. The Bishop of the north the railroad is slowly creeping Chota Nagpur has proposed that there nearer to Chieng Mai. Some three years should be a personal appeal to every ago, three Siamese young men were sent English and American missionary to sub- to France to learn the mysteries of the scribe Rs. 10 a month while the need aeroplane. A few months ago, these men lasts. returned and brought with them the fruit A Ruler of Promise of their labors. Several days ago, we HE Maharaja Holkar of Indore bids heard a great shout from the children and T fair to become a ruler of whom a strange humming, buzzing sound over India may well be proud. He is twenty- our heads, and there passed three aero- four years of age, having attained to planes on their way to visit his Majesty, full sovereignty in his State three years who has been spending a few weeks in ago. At the end of his first year Lord his palace in the little city of Prapa- Hardinge visited the State, and on the tome. The journey, by these airships,

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

was successfully made in forty minutes. Work in Chinese Cities' It takes our railroad train an hour and a half to make it. We hear that Siam THE Mission, China Council, and the is bringing five more airships into this Presbyterian Foreign Board have country, and the military activity is taking precedence over every other depart- sent Rev. Charles E. Scott, of Shantung, ment of State. For many years the water home to work up the "China Cities Evansupply of Bangkok has been the river and gelization Plan." The great and ancient the canals that act as the sewerage of the walled cities of China are now open to city; but a system of supplying the city the Gospel for the first time. There is a with well-filtered water is fast nearing feeling on the field that relatively too completion. There is also an extensive much emphasis has been put on the school scheme for irrigation being planned, with work at the expense of the evangelistic the hope that this fertile land may pro- work. This proposition seeks to correct duce the utmost from well-watered fields. the emphasis, in so far as we can.Seven- teen hundred great walled cities, with CHINESE REPUBLIC thousands of smaller administrative cen- ters are now open for the first time to The Flavor of the Gospel the missionaries, a marvelous condition of affairs. This is due to a series of· ACHINESE evangelist in Shantung international events in the Far East, discovered a truly remar~able per- which have made the Chinese leaders son in a village seldom visited by mis- dissatisfied with their religion, realizing sionary preachers. About five years ago their impotence. 1£ we do not quickly this old man had by some means secured meet this opportunity and give them the a large-print Gospel of St. John. When Gospel, for what they have given up, the the evangelist arrived, the old man tide will turn, and we will lose our opshowed that he understood the message: portunity, as it was lost in Japan. Gen- "I know that Jesus· came down from eral Li Yuan Hung, Vice-President of God, from Heaven. I have the book that the Chinese Republic, himself a Christells about Him, Yo-han Iu-yin ('John's tian, has urged the missionaries to press Good News'). I read it constantly." He this upon the home church. "Five years was told that St. John'S was only one of hence will be too' late." many sacred writings; he replied: "I do not care for any others; this flavor is Moral. Taught in Chinese Schools excellent; I read this constantly, and ten parts (i.e., perfectly), believe in Jesus. UNDER the caption "Will Teach You need not exhort me to trust in Him. Morals in Chinese Schools" the For nearly five years I have read about Philadelphia Public Ledger of recent date Him in this book, a~d wa~t nothing bet- devoted a column to an account of the ter." The evangelist then taught the old system of ethics and religious training man to pray, and urged him to become just authorized by the Chinese minister acquainted with the communities of of education, Mr. ~t'ang Hua-Iung, for the Christians near him, with whom he might public schools of the Chinese Republic. have fellowship. The nearest missionary "Mr. Tang," says the Ledger, "holds that says: "We have sent him a large-print morality and right living are as much a New Testament, and invited him to visit part of the educational equipment of us. This man knows no church, no or- China's youth as are mathematics, readdinances, no fellowship, no teacher, Sl!-ve ing and writing. He .has approved a Jesus' book, and the Holy Spirit, who plan which, without interfering with the reveals the deep things of this simplest, constitutional declaration assuring comprofoundest Gospe1." plete religious liberty and freedom of be-

lief in the Chinese Republic, will admit hospitals, free schools, public lecture as part of the curriculum in the primary halls, prisons, a Door of Hope and one schools principles of morality and right insane asylum. The very existence of living enunciated by China's great sage, these institutions under Chinese man- Confucius, and essential Christian prin- agement is itself a proof of the leaven- ciples." This is only a step, but it is a ing influence of Christian ideas, and a step in the right direction. Christian prophecy of the power that will come missions must supplement this teaching to the nation when the spirit that is with the message of the "Gforious Gospel behind such enterprises fully controls of the Blessed God." the people.

The institution showing the greatest The End of "White WolE" development of a really scientific solu- tion of a social problem was the in- ALL who remember the reports that dustrial prison, completed about a year have come from time to time of the and a half ago, the superintendent of attacks on life and property committed which traveled all through Japan and by the company of Chinese bandits led. Europe studying prison construction by the notorious "White Wolf" will read and discipline. with especial interest the following item from a letter written by Mr. James Stark, Sunday-Schools in Heathen Temples of the China Inland Mission: T "The 'White Wolf' was, some time ago, HE decay of heathenism and the advance of Christianity is evireported as having been killed in Honan, and the payment of the reward offered denced in the new opportunities for for his head authorized by the Central Sunday-school work in the Far East.

Government, but in some quarters doubt These are especially noticeable in has since been exprest as to whether or China. This progress was manifest to not the announcement has foundation in members of the World's Sunday-school fact. In any case, the activity of this .law- Association Oriental Commission, when less leader and his followers has ceased, the party visited Kiukiang, on the and the provinces which principally suf- Yangtse river, a city of 82,000, and fered at their hands now enjoy quiet. The the center of a populous district of Szechwan soldiers, whose presence and 5,000,000 souls. They were very much reputation on the Shensi border did much imprest by the work being done there to save the situation in the Hanchung by Miss Jennie F. Hughes, a Methodist plain, have been recaIled."-China's Mil- misionary and an enthusiastic Sunday- lions. school worker. Her "Bible Women's A Public Institutions in Peking Training-school" is turning out num- bers of Sunday-school teachers, and T the Y. M. C. A. student confer- everyday-school in her district is a ence in North China this past Sunday-school as well. Over 2,000 boys summer, the general topic was "Social tmd girls are enrolled in these district Service and the Christian Message." schools. Old picture post cards· are As a part of the preparation for this, given as a reward for attendance, red a group of students representing three paper bearing a Bible verse in Chinese of the colleges in and near Peking having been pasted over the address.

spent ten days in the metropolis study. There are seven Sunday-school& in the ing its institutions of a public nature, city, with an attendance of 1,500 pupils, and at the conference they made re- and the city authorities have thrown ports upon all the institutions visited. open the Confucian and Buddhist tem- These included poorhouses, orphanages, ples for free use as Sunday-schools.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

Chinese School for the Deaf direction and advice for their athletics. Over 500 students are organized in Bible A PRESBYTERIAN elder in Hang- classes, and the efficiency of the asso- chow (Province of Chefoo) had a ciation's leaders in their behalf is indideaf son whom he sent to the mission cated by the fact that 125 joined vaschool for the deaf at Chefoo. When rious churches during last year as an the boy graduated he quickly secured acknowledgment of the truth of what a position at the Commercial Press, they had been taught from the Bible. Shanghai. This so pleased the father All students in Peking are really Conthat a second son, not deaf, was sent fucianists or Christians. to take the same training. With this son as a teacher, the father has now JAPAN-KOREA opened a school for the deaf in his own home at Hangchow. The mother, Protestant Missions in Japan Mrs. Tse, is matron, and there are already six pupils in residence. Mr. THE Rev. H. Loomis gives the statis- Tse has interested 20 of the leading tics of Protestant Missions in Japan Christians belonging to the five mis- for 1913 as follows, the figures for 1912 sions in Hangchow, who have organ- being in parentheses: Adult baptisms, ized a society, "The Founders of the 6848 (6089); communicants, 80,383 Hangchow School for the Deaf." They (73,226); C h u r c h – members, 98,325 purpose to finance the school without (90,469); organized Churches, 858 the aid of foreign funGs. This is a (831); self-supporting Churches, 182 characteristic instance of the budding (186); partly self-supporting Churches, of institutional life in the Church of 675 (645); preaching places, 1256 China.-Record of Christian Work. (1280); ordained Japanese ministers, 728 (702); unordained Japanese minis- A Live Y. M. C. A. ters and helpers, 732 (652); Sunday- school scholars ~.nd teachers, 108,495 THE Y. M. C. A. of Peking, which is (106,580) ; amount of Japanese contribu- supported by the students and alumni tions (in yen), 374,538 (318,693). The of Princeton University has at the cen- increase in adult baptisms and communitral building a membership of about cants is remarkable. 1,300 young Chinese men, drawn from the student and business classes of the AA Government Christian Lecture Hall Chinese capital, who enjoy just. such GOSPEL hall was opened in Ueno privileges in their building as d() the P"rk, Tokyo, on the grounds of the members of similar institutions in Ameri- great Taisha exposition in which all can cities. Japan and many foreign lands partici- . The various educational institutions in pated. At the dedicatory services the Peking have under their instruction not Mayor of Tokyo, Baron Sakatani, less than 7,000 young men upward of J6 abandoned his MSS. to speak in warm years of age. To them the Association extemporized words of the special value appeals not merely with advantages for which he placed on this building and themselves, but with many challenges for its work. "It seemed," he said, "inservice. A social service club of stu- significant in comparison with the imdents from both government and mis- posing structures about it; yet, in his sionary colleges now has a membership opinion, it was the center of the most of over 200 men from thirteen different ptofound reality and value of the whole institutions. exposition. It alone represented spiri- tual achievement; all the rest referred The association exercises likewise a to material things only." Such senlarge influence over the students through timents seem not uncommon among

the leaders of present-day Japan. in action in their immediate environ- During the Sei Kokwai week 61 meet- ment.-Record of Christian W prk. ings were held, and over 7,000 persons came in and stayed through the ser- 5tatiaties from Korea vices, 384 responding to invitations to after – meetings. Seventy thousand THE Missionary Survey gives the foltracts were given out in a single week. lowing statistical summary of the Divinity school students and lay Christians cooperated actively in the work situation in Korea :-"The Northern of literature distribution. Presbyterian Mission is responsible for th:e evangelization of a population of Christian Buaineas Men in Japan 4,785,000; the Methodist Episcopal HE evangelistic meeting held in Church Mission for 3,000,000; the T Saga, described by the Rev. H. V. S. Southern Presbyterian Mission for Peeke, show strikingly the"' recent drift of 2,291,000, and the Southern Methodist public favor toward Christianity. At Mission for r,Il3,000; both tht;: Austrathe meeting greetings' were read from lian and Canadian Presbyterian Misthe Governor of the Province, the Mayor sions are responsible for more than a of the City, and from a Christian official million each. •The extent to which these at the head of the Kyushu Railway De- forces have succeeded in their respecpartment. After the sermon addresses tive fields may be approximately indiwere made by Madame Hirouka, the cated by the following figures: The wealthy business woman, sixty-six years Northern Presbyterian Mis'sion has one of age, whose recent acceptance of CHris- adherent for every 49 of the populatianity has been referred to before, and tion, the Southern Presbyterian Mission by Mr. Morimura, an octogenarian busi- has one for every 150; the Northern ness man of great wealth and influence, Methodist Mission one for every 63; who has found Christ in his old age. while the Southern Methodists have one Subsequent upon the recent exposures of for every IIS. The Australian and graft in high places, this Mr. Morimura Canadian Missions have approximately established a fund for the development one for every 120 of the population. of a plan to promote business morality. We cannot claim for these figures any He offered $roo,ooo and Baron Shibusa- degree of absolute accuracy, yet they wa added $25,000 to the fund. suffice to indicate somewhat the force and its distribution, as well as its effec- tiveness in the respective fields:"

Travelers' Aid in Japan Buddhist Propaganda in Korea HE Y.W.C.A. of Tokyo has A RECENT issue of the Zen, a T initiated a Travelers' Aid work at Buddhist magazine, says that the the Ueno station in that city. Two priests of the Myoshinji sect have women are employed to meet the trains been hard at work engaged in the profrom five o'clock in the morning to pagation of their religion in the Sagten at night, in order to assist friend- halien Island, Manchuria, Korea, and less women. A large number of extra- Formosa. In Korea results extraordinarily interesting and needy cases ordinarily large have been obtained. have come within the purview of the In Pyeng Yang a building, tho small, two matrons. Those in need of tem- was erected a few years ago, dedicated porary lodgings are cared for in a to the diffusion of the doctrines of the hired house in the Hongo quarter. Myoshinji sect. A large temple has One result of this undertaking has been recently been established, and neg'Otiaa religious quickening among the sta- tions are n'Ow going 'On between this tion officials at observing Christianity new temple and the main temple at

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

Kyoto for the dispatch of a venerable and Rausa also; these are the langu- and learned priest to become the chief ages I understand. The name of my priest of the new temple. The abbot, in country is Gongola. There are cattle Kyoto, desired to send out twenty-five there, and horses, and many things, priests at once. So he dispatched urgent and health as well. If you please, I circulars to various temples and thereby want an answer from you. This is obtained a greater number of priests my crying. I am, SAMU1LA.-Trans- than was needed who exprest a wil- lated in the Sudan United Miss.ion.

lingness to go to Korea. The priests selected are expected to sail the last C! f Hindered by the European War June for Korea and to set to work propagating the teaching of the Zen THE missionaries' of the West Africa sect. This undertaking will be the first Mission of the Presbyterian Board organized work of Zen Buddhism in who were due to leave Africa on fur- Korea. lough, early in August, did not leave AFRICA ,..-/ until August 20th, on account of the war. This party, numbering 16 persons, ON"'The Task and the Toilers' j was unable to leave because they could the whole continent there are get no funds from the bank for their 3,244 missionaries, each with a par- passage money, but on Dr. Weber's ish of 3,6I4 square mileS' and 46,239 presenting the case to the Colonial people. In the heart of Africa there Governor of Kamerun, he very courare 50,000,000 of people-almost one- teously furnished the party with a small third of the continent-not only un- st~amer which took them to Fernando reached but without any existing agency Po, a neutral port. The Governor, behaving their evangelization in contel11- cause he had postponed orders of the platibn so far as any actual projected mission which the Government could plans and hopes are concerned. There not pay on account of the war, gave an are unoccupied areas, the smallest of order to Dr. Weber on the German conwhich is four times the size of the sul at Fernando Po for the amount State of New York. necessary to honor these orders, but the German consul had no government Appeal From a Christian Sudanese money. The consul then telegraphed MY Fathers': Rear ye the account to the Governor of Kamerun for in- of my greeting which I make to structions, and the German Colonial you in the Lord; receive it with pa- Governor asked the Spanish Colonial tience and the faithfulness of the Governor of Fernando Po to advance Lord:-I am Samuila. money with which to pay the passage, Very well, What I beseech the Christ which he did.

for, give ye to me. My heart is kin- A Christian man in Fernando Po, and dling me, kindling me all the time. the superintendent of the English Behold the reason. The Lord hears Primitive Methodist mission, planned my earnest crying to Rim.-Be pleased among themselves to raise the funds to to give life to the people of my send the party on its way if no other country.-If there is help, I am here provIsIon was made. Special note to guide to the place where I was should be made of the extreme courtesy born. There are very, very many and kindness of this superintendent. As people, and different languages in my one of the party said, "Words would country which I understand-Filani. fail to expresS' the gratitude and appre- Kanuri, Maka, Bola, Bura, Habe, Fika ciation of his hospitality."

The Berlin Mission in Africa Better Off, but Not Better THE Berlin Mission has been severely MR. DAN CRAWFORD'S stories hit by the storm, which is devastating from Africa laid hold of the im- agination of the American churches as Europe and other lands. Before the war they did in England. Speaking of the broke out there was especial occasion for natives of Central Africa, he said: thankfulness because the financial troub- "They have copyrighted a phrase. They les of the mission had been greatly alle- say: 'The victory of Golgotha.' That viated. In German East Africa the which was seemingly a colossal defeat, number of schools had also increased they call a victory!" The retort of the African native regarding material greatfrom B9 schools, with 3,395 pupils two ness was as much relished in America as in Britain. It will be remembered years ago to 30r with I4,384 pupih, that the African, after hearing of the This great mission opportunity aroused wonderful achievements and acquirehope that this largest German colony ments of the white man, stolidly remight be saved from Islam into which marked: "To be better-off is not to' be it was drifting. better." Whereupon Mr. Crawford comments: "Build a castle or build a In South Africa about 6,000 baptisms cottage-it is only a tent. We are only took place among the Zulus of Natal, traveling through; and the bigger the and in other territories of the mission pile you pile up, the harder to leave it." during the past year, a much larger number than ever before. War Scenes in Central Africa Nine Years' Progress H ELL is let loose, and no one can BISHOP TUGWELL writes from tell what is going to happen," Niger :-" vVe have paid our first writes Dr. H. E. Wareham, of the London Missionary Society, from Kavisit to Owerri, and have been greatly wimbe, Central Africa, "The Germans imprest by all we have seen. The have enrolled the natives by hundreds, developments which have taken place and encourage them to burn and kill. in the last five years are remarable, etc. The result is, that tho the Starting from Ebu-Owerri as the cen- authorities' here have done all they ter, there have sprung up, under thc could to keep the natives of the country inspiration and leadership of Archdea- out of it, they have been compelled to con Dennis, thirty outlying congrega- call our people out. The Amambwa tions, all self-supporting, The average and Awemba have been told to come attendance on Sunday in connection to the aid of the English, and are with these congregations during the flocking in, delighted to get a chance first six months of the year exceeds to burn and kill. 6,500. Schools have also been opened in nearly every station. "The chief of this part arrived in great form, looking forward to carry- "Before leaving Ebu-Owerri, I con- ing 'fire and sword' into German East firmed on Sunday fifty personS' in the Africa. This is the method he and presence of a congregation of over 900. his people were going to adopt: kill all Eight years ago, I sat one Sunday males above puberty-take the women, morning on a log near the site of the cut off noses, lips, or ears, and use them present church, and, addressing a crowd (the women) as they liked, and kill all of naked heathen, asked them if they the children. would welcome the coming of a Christian teacher. They immediately res- "Kyakonta, this chief, is' a very decent ponded that they _would. That was in ,J the year 1906."

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

man, but this is what war raises in him tion for the purpose of securing econo- and his people." my, comity and efficiency in the service of God in this archipelago." The Union Malaysia and the Islands has made marked progress, and Mr. L. Wilbur Messer, of Chicago, who has T HE recently published 84th annual just returned from the islands, giv:es report of the Rheinische Missions the following report: "There are 160 Gesenschaft, a society which has work evangelical missionaries, and a large in German South Africa, China and number of Filipino helpers. Over Sumatra, states that 219,000 Christians 200 young men are in the schools pre- are enrolled in its various missions, and paring for Christian work. There are six adds: It took 76 years to reach the mission schools exclusively for women; first hundred thousand, and 7 years for 4 boarding schools for boys; 6 mission the second hundred thousand! Su- printing plants; aiid 20 stlJdent dormi. matra has far more than half of the tories. There are 75,000 evangelical total number. . church members, and as many adherents. There is a Young Men's Christian As- Humanly speaking, "the Batakland sociation building for Americans; and would be Mohammedan to-day but for one has been erected for Filipinos, and the Rheinish Mission, and now there another is assured for Filipino students. are 159,000 Batak united in a Christian There is also a very successful army church. There is a so-called Holland- branch at Fort McKinley. There are ish school, where instruction is given in 2 orphanages, 8 hospitals and 20 disthe Dutch language for the education of pensaries in the islands, operated by civil employees. Many young Batak the evangelical missions. There are 6 have great ambition, and want to study. evangelical churches for Filipinos and It is good, therefore, when these p~o­ for Chinese, and 4 for Americans in gressive young men remain under ChrIs- Manila. The American and the British tian influence. In Sumatra also are and Foreign Bible Societies distributed two trade-schools. In them the fol- over lOO,OOO Bibles and Testame"ts last lowing trades are taught: carpentry, year, printed in more than 20 languages locksmith, boatbuilding, bookbindinl!. and dialects." watchmaking, and even dentistry. With one of the trade-schools there is also a CALENDAR OF MEETINGS AND printing plant connected, where an ever- CONVENTIONS increasing literature is printed. January to August, 1915 A large hospital with branches and with a trai111ng-school for native medi- January 3 to 4-Laymen's Missionary cal students and a leper asylum, accom- Movement, Baton Rouge, La. modating several hundred inmates, are among the other activities of this mis- January 5 to 6–Laymen's Missionary sion in Sumatra, many of which must Movement, Crowley, La. be seriously curtailed by the war. January 7 to 8-Laymen's Missionary America's Gift to the Filipinos Movement, Lake Charles, La.

AMONG the many advantages that January 8 (lO.30-12.30)-International Day have come to the inhabitants of the of Prayer for F. M. Federation of Philippines through American rule, none Women's Boards, 1 West 48th St., N. Y. are greater than the establishment of Protestant missions. The Christian Ad- January 10 to ll-Laymen's Missionary vocate tells us that twelve years ago Movement, Beaumont, Texas. there was formed an Evangelical Union of the Philippine Islands, "an organiza- January 12 to 13-Laymen's Missionary Movement, Galveston, Texas.

January 12 to 14 – Foreign Missions Boards' Conference, Garden City, L. I.

January 12 to I4-Home Mission Council August 16-25-City Conference, Asilomar, New York. Cal.

January 14 to 15-Laymen's Missionary August 24-September 3-Y. W. C. A. Con- Movement, Taylor, Texas. ference, Lake Geneva, Wis.

January 15, 16-Triennial Conference of August 24-September 3-Y. W. C. A. Stu- Women's F. M. Board3, Collegiate Re- dent Conference, Estes Park, Colo.

formed Church. N. Y.

January 17 to 18-Laymen's Missionary Movement, Austin, Texas. OBITUARY January 17-Mass Meeting, World Peace and Missions, Central Presbyterian Miss Mary Sharp of Liberia Church, N. Y: 4.30 P. M.

January 17-Missionary Mass. Meeting, A CABLE message from Dr. J. B. Carnegie Hall, New York. Coleman received at New York, an- nounces the death of Miss Mary A. January 19 to 20-Laymen's Missionary Sharp of Monrovia, for more than 35 Movement, Temple, Texas. years an olltstanding figure in African missionary work. As an independent January 21-22-Laymen's Missionary Move- worker among the Kroo people, she ment, Cameron, Texas.

January 24-25-Laymen's Missionary Move- ment, Waco, Texas.

January 26-27-Laymen's Missionary M'Ove- had her own church and school at ment, Corsicana, Texas. Krootown, a suburb of Monrovia.

February 16-18 – Laymen's Missionary Without stated compensation, she gave Movement (Presbyterian C h u r c h, her entire time to the task of Chris- South), Charlotte, N. C. tianizing and educating the natives of February 23-25 – Laymen's Missionary that region, her interest centering :n Movement, Dallas, Texas. June 4-14—Y. M. C. A. Student Confer- lhe boys and girls, with whom she was especially successful. Her own church ence, Blue Ridge, N. C. at Mansfield, Pa., voted her a local June 18-28-Y. W. C. A. Student Confer- preacher's license and she was accus- tomed not only to preach, but in the ence, Silver Bay, N. Y. June 23-July 2-Y. W. C. A. Student Con- ference, Eagles Mere, Pa, absence of the presiding bishop, often June 25-July 4—Missionary Education baptized her converts. Given in her Movement, Blue Ridge, N. C. own words is the story of the church July 2-11-Missionary Education Move- she had built. "I went to Krootown ment, Asilomar, Cal. and engaged some men to put me up a July 9-18-Missionary Education Move- bamboo church. It was to cost $10, ment, Silver Bay, N. Y. and included not only a bamboo frame, July 16-25-Missionary Education Move- but a thatched roof made of palm ment, Estes Park, Colo. leaves, benches of withed-bamboo and a ground floor. After it was done, I July 20-30-Y. W. C. A. City Conference, Silver Bay, N. Y.

July 21-31-Y. W. C. A. City Conference, paid the laborers promptly the sum Blue Ridge, N. C. agreed upon: For some time thereafter July 22-30-Missionary Education Move- whenever I met anyone who couId ment, Ocean Park, Me. speak English I was greeted with the August 6-15-Missionary Education Move- words: 'Tank you mammy. Tank you plenty. You did dem Kroo boys fine.' ment, Lake Geneva, Wis. I had asked the President's wife what August 6-16-Y. W. C. A. Student Con- they meant. 'Oh,' was the reply, 'they expected to be cheated. They thought ference, Asilomar, Cal. of course, that you would give them August 14-23-Y. W. C. A. City Confer- ence, Lake Geneva, Wis. August 13-23-Y. W. C. A. City Confer- ence, Estes Park, Colo. only a few yards of cheap calico.'"

· · · ·····., .;i""

w tIl ………… . ………l BOOKS ON MISSIONS "'«.. ./'

. AND – ! I ": MISSION LANDS …•………..•_….// Life of H. Roswell Bates. By S. Ralph make the 30,000,000 Christians of our Barlow. Illustrated. 12mo. 159 pp. churches ashamed of themselves. $1.00. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1914. Mr. Douglas has written a thought- Here is a stirring and inspiring tribute ful, tho not a popular, study book, dealing with the past, present, and to a beloved and self-sacrificing young future home missionary problems of the minister who devoted the last few years American churches. He believes- i'1 of his brief life to the making of Christ the social aim and program for social real in the neighborhood of Spring Street betterment, and from this viewpoint Presbyterian Church, New York City. studies the foreigners, the race problems, Mr. Bates was a very lovable and noble and the social conditions and country dishuman, and his life story is a very tricts, with the various forces and methhumal1 document. He was also a devoted ods at the command of the churches. It is Christian worker and this brief biog- a restatement of the home missionary raphy gives many valuable glimpses of his Christlike social service in the church needs and aims that is worthy or' carewhich he rescued from death and established as a strong neighborhood center. ful study. Two other features of his work are To our mind too much emphasis can worthy of notice-his influence on the college men and women who came to not be placed on the need for socia! work at Spring Street, and the abiding reform and reconstruction, but too little results of his personal touch on students is often placed on individual regeneraat Northfield Conferences and elsewhere. tion. The former may temporarily Mr. Barlow shows his hero at work and take place without the latter but the at play, his humor and his sympathy. latter must produce the former. The life was one that continues. From the Bread Line to the Pulpit. By The New Home Missions. By Harlan Frederic C. Baylis. 12mo, 43 pp. 25 Paul Douglas. Illustrated. 12mo. 266 cents. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1914. pp. 60 cents, cloth. 40 cents, paper. Mis- The stories of "twice-born men" are sionary Education Movement, New York, 1914. always of compelling interest. Here is The principal argument, with any the short account of a man born in Stratford-on-Avon, educated in the element of truth, that can be urged school made famous by William Shakesagainst extensive foreign mission work peare, ruined by strong drink, rescued is the fact that America is still so far in the Bowery Mission, New York, a from Christian. It is not a valid argument but the amount of work still to "cowboy preacher," and now a Methobe done in America before the foreigners, the negroes, the mountaineers, the "dist minister. It is a good book for lumbermen, the slum dweller.s, and young men. others are brought into vital relationship with Christ is great enough to Battling and Building Amongst the Bhils. Illustrated, 12mo., 95 pp. Is., net. Church Missionary Society, London, 1914. The mission to the aboriginal tribes of BhiIs in India is' on the borderland of Rajputana. The anonymous author

has given here a view of the peculiari- 169 pp. 60 cents, net. Westminster ties of this tribe and an excellent ac- Press, Philadelphia, 1914. count of Christian progress among them. The Modernizing of the Orient. By The New Life in China. By Edward W. Clayton Sedgwick Cooper. Illustrated. Wallace, B.D. Illustrated, 12mo., paper. 8vo. 353 pp. $2.00, net. McBride, Nast Is. net. United Council for Missionary & Co., New York, 1914. Education, London, 1914. This bright, up-to-date picture of New The Individual and the Social Gospel.

China makes an excellent popular intro- By Shailer Mathews. 16mo. 84 pp. 25 cents, postpaid. Missionary Education duction to the study of the country, the people, the religions, and the missions. Movement, New York, 1914.

There is a real human interest in the Though War Should Rise. By Mrs. presentation. No one alive to the forces and opportunities of the present can fail Howard Taylor. 16mo. 64 pp. China to be stirred by this story of the present , Inland Mission, London, 1914.

situation in New China. The Vital Forces of Christianity and The Regeneration of New China. By Islam. Six Studies by Missionaries to Nelson Bitton. IIIIustrated, 12mo., 282 pp. 2s., net. United Council for Mis- Moslems, with an Introduction by the sionary Education, London, 1914. Rev. ,S. M. Zwemer, D.D., and a Con- cluding Study by Professor Duncan Black Macdonald. Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d. net ($1.15). Oxford University Press. Lon- don, 1914. • The New Life in China. By E. W. Wal- lace. Is. net. United Council for Mis- sionary Education, London, 1914.

The "Welcome" Photographic Exposure Record and Diary, 1915. Burrough Welcome & Co., New York, 1914.

Mr. Bitton, formerly Assistant Editor PAMPHLETS of the Chinese Recorder, has given us Karen Folk-Lore. An Unwritten Bible. Collected and Annotatrd by Ko San Lone, a valuable study of the conditions and a Christian Karen. Translated into Eng- lish by H. M. N. Armstrong. 31 pp. 3d. problems in China to-day. Emphasis A.B.F.M.S., Rangoon, Burma, 1914.

is placed on the problems of the Chinese Annual Report of the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian youth, the religious problem, the social Church of North America, 1914. Con- taining the 55th Annual Report of the problems, the reform movements and the Board, Presented to the General Assembly at New Castle, Pa.; Report of the trend toward Christian unity, training Women's Board to the General Assembly; The 59th Annual Report of the Mission of Chinese leaders, and the problem of in Egypt; the 58th Annual Report of the Mission in India; The 13th Annual Report Chinese Communism. of the Sudan Mission; General Statement of Receipts and Payments, etc., etc. 292 NEW BOOKS pp. Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia, Wild Woods and Waterways. By Wil- 1914. . liam Chalmers Covert. Illustrated, 12mo. 245 pp. $1.35 net. Westminster Press, Our World-Wide Work. A Survey of Philadelphia, 1914. the Field of the Woman's Board of Mis- sions. Illustrated, 180 liP. Congrega- Sight to the Blind. A Story. By Lucy tional House, Boston, 1914. Furman. Illustrated. 12mo. 92 pp. $1.00, net. Macmillan Co., New York, Isles Afar Off. An Illustrated Handbook 1914. to the Missions of the London Missionary Prince and Uncle Billy. A First Reader in Home Missions. By Charles Lincoln Society in Polynesia. By Rev. George White. Illustrated. 12mo. 146 pp. 75 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New Cousins. 104 pp. 6d. net. London Mis- York, 1914. sionary Society, London, 1914. The Making of Christianity. An Exhibit of Hebrew and Christian Messianic Pioneers. Being Studi~ in Christian Bio- Apocalyptical Philosophy and Literature. By John C. C. Clarke, D.D. 12mo. 423 graphy. Edited for the use of Study pp. The Associated Authors, New York, 1914. Circles in Schools and Colleges. By K. J. Saunders. 164 pp. Association Press A Man and His Money. By Harvey (India), Calcutta, 1914. . Reeves Calkins. 12mo. 367 pp. $1.00, net. Methodist Book Concern, New York, The Nemesis of Armaments. By Charles 1914. Edward Jefferson, D.D. 14 pp. Church Peace Union, 70 Fifth Avenue, New By-Products of the Rural Sunday- York, 1914. school. By J. M. Somerndike. 12mo.

The Missionary Review of the World — June 1914

to the

MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, JUNE, 1914 TWENTY QUESTIONS ANSWERED IN THIS NUMBER PREPARED BY MRS. F. M. GILBERT, BROOKLYN, N. Y.

I. According to Government reports, what is the economic value of Islam in Africa?

2. For what purpose had the coins in the Sheikh's bag been col- lected?

3· How did the men's secret society in Africa gain prestige? 4· How many physicians had prescribed for the sick Chinese before the missionary doctor was ca11ed in? What missionary prin- ciple does the story illustrate? 5· Why was the representative of the late President Madero sent to the Protestant convention in Mexico? 6. How do the tribes of the Belgian Kongo keep their historical records? 7· On what mission field has Christian cooperation been demon- 'strated in a new and striking way? 8. Where did the Roman Catholic Church in Zanzibar get its statue of the Virgin Mary? 9· How has the microscope furnished an argument for Sabbath observance? 10. At what scene of a massacre of Christians a few years ago is there now a demand for a Y. M. C. A.? II. That was the highest legal tender in Sierra Leone? 12. What parting advice did the Chinese official give to his son when placing him in the mission school? 13· How did the native pastor take the missionary's "dare"? 14· In one tribe of Indians, what has taken the place of the old- time war dance? IS· Thy has the number of Malagasy children in school greatly decreased in recent years? 16. In what university is there a movement now on foot for com- pulsory chapel as a result of an evangelistic campaign? 17· On what occasion were twenty-seven Baltimore pulpits occupied by business men? 18. Where is a $50,000 cathedral being built by a people whose laborers earn fifty cents a day? 19· What was the comment of the Buddhist visitor to the leper asylum in Tokyo? 20. How has Government action in ~hina helped the Sunday-school?

~.

SHEPARD

l:l issionary uf the Presbyterian Board in Syria; Author of "Christian Missions and Sociul Progress," and other volumes; Lecturer on liissions, and Acting Missionary Secretary

Missionary

® of the World ~ Vol. XXXVII, No.6 JUNE, 1914 Vol. XXVII, No. 6 Old Series New Series Signs. of the Times oSTRIFE AND RELIGION IN MEXICO One of the most important factors NLY those who have lived in in the conflicts in all Latin-American Mexico can appreciate the evil countries is the religious question. state of the country and people. Conservatives vs. Radicals, Federal- One word explains much of the ists vs. Constitutionalists also divide moral, political, and physical distress along the line of Clericals ~'s. Libin which they are found-the word erals. ignorance. The vast majority of the Mexicans are ignorant of God, ig- On the clerical side are found the norant of Christian ideals, ignorant of land baron and the priest, who are the best method of civilized govern- interested in keeping the common ment, ignorant of the highest intel- people (peasants or peons) in a polectual culture. They have been gov- sition of subordination and ignorance. erned by a despotic hand; the Roman These religious and political autocrats Catholic Church has never taught fear that the exercise of the right of them to think for themselves, or to private judgment and higher education understand the highest truths; hon- will produce personal independence esty and morality have not been in- and a revolt from the dictation of culcated as rules of life;' the large despotism-religious and political. majority have been kept in poverty and subjection. For these reasons, On the other hand, the Liberals the Mexicans Can not appreciate the recognize that the deplorable conhigh motives that have actuated the dition of the country is due to lack American Government in refusing to of education, to the low condition of recognize a usurper like Huerta as the priesthood, and to the spirit of op- . president of our neighboring republic, pression and intolerance. Liberals nor can they understand any but often go to extremes in heaping ridia selfish reason for wishing to enter cule on the church, and in accusing upon or to avoid a war. all religions of being obsolete relics of a former age. Sometimes, how- ever, they favor Protestantism as the The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by contributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS.

force that may help them combat using their power against the Lib- their opponents, as when President eral Carranza par.ty. By persuading Madero sent a friend to the National the Federal authorities that the Convention of Protestant Workers, Protestants sympathize with their opto ask how the Government might ponents, they are able greatly to help the Protestant movement, and so harass Protestant missionaries. While combat the Clericals. The reason for the present struggle in Mexico is not the defeat of the Liberal candidates a religious war, it has a religious in state elections was the tenacious significance, and the outcome must opposition of the priests, and the influence the future of Christian progremedy suggested was the encourage- ress in that country. ment of Protestantism. Most of the missionaries and The missionaries of Mexico have other Americans have left the terristedfastiy endeavored to keep out of tory controlled by Huerta, but some politics, and have been well aware of still remain at their posts. It is earnthe dangers of accepting help from estly hoped that no war will be deany political party. For that reason clared between Mexico and the Uni- Mr. Madero's friend was told at the ted States. In spite of all affronts to convention that all Protestantism national dignity and injury to Ameriwanted from the Government was a can interests, it is the part of moral strict' enforcement of the Reform and physical strength to suffer much Laws-laws edited by Mexico's rather than to use that strength to greatest Liberal, Benito Juarez. cause suffering to others less favored. Protestant missionary work is con- Pray for peace founded on righteousstructive, not destructive; it is spiri- ness and Christian love. tual, not political. The greatest possible calamity would be for people to THE SOME RESULTS IN GUATEMALA regard Protestantism as akin to an republics of Central America anti-Catholic masonic order, or for are among the most difficult misthe missions to receive a great num- sion fields in the world. The people ber into the church with the idea of are so on pleasure bent, many are so augmenting the forces against Cleri- ignorant and poor, and have seen calism. such an unfavorable type of Chris- tianity, that they are indifferent. The present struggle is a continua- There are, however, signs of progtion of the same old conflict, with ress. Comparing the early days of new leaders, and the sympathy of the Presbyterian Mission in Guate- Protestantism naturally falls on the mala with the present, one of the side of those who are friendly to re- most noteworthy results is the deform and progress. The number of crease of fanaticism and opposition to Protestant officials in the Madero Protestants. More than half the Revolutionary army, and afterward population of Guatemala is made up in the Administration, was one of the of pure-blooded Indians, and the remost noticeable things in that move- sults of work among them, and in ment. The Roman Catholic priests, the hospital, the girls' school, and the however, are naturally on the side of mission press are most encouraging. the Huerta Government, and are

OF THE

The most striking results are in the est of the church, in proportion changed lives of the people and the to its need. improvement in the standards of morality. The old idea that a Chris- 3. Offerings presented as an act of tian belief has little or nothing to do worship each Lord's Day. with a Christian life is fading away. The saints have at last jumped out 4. These gifts secured by a perof their niches in the churches and sonal every-member canvass are sitting in the pews, listening, every year. singing, praying, and going out into the world to live holy lives. This is In preparation for this systematic the latest "miracle.'" An appeal for method, the "Budget Plan" has been prayer has been issued by the Guate- adopted, fixing the amount required malan Mission to the Presbyterian for the support of each Board and Church in the United States and ends agency of the church, and presenting with these words : "You have asked the needs as a whole and not as rival for results. God has given them. interests and responsibilities. In or- Here they are. Vhat is your decision der that these Budgets might be fixt about this ripening crop? Neglect by common consent, a joint Executive now will lose it." Commission was appointed, com- posed of the Moderator, two mem- A UNITED MOVEMENT bers of the Executive Commission, and three representatives of the nine MISSIO"NARY statesmanship is Boards of the church. As a result, each presbytery and synod has ap- increasingly evident in the con- pointed a special committee, and there duct of the missionary campaign. is a general united movement through- This does not mean less reliance upon out the entire church. A campaign the Spirit of God to produce results, of publicity has been conducted, manbut more diligent study of the situ- uals for leaders and other pamphlets ation and resources, and more earn- have been distributed, charts have est and consistent effort to use these been made, and other supplies have resources to best advantage. been furnished to make the campaign effective. The denominational press One of the features of the new has also cooperated, so that the atmissionary statesmanship is the plan tention of the church has been intelto distribute the responsibility over ligently and sympathetically directed the whole church, and to enlist every toward the Every-Member Canvass. member in the support of the work. Business and religion have combined Last year the General Assembly of to make the plan a success. The the Presbyterian Church" adopted a Christian duty and privileges have program for an "every-member can- been emphasized, as well as the finanvass" in each church throughout the cial responsibility, and the whole denomination. This includes: campaign has assumed an educational aspect. The aim has been to lead I. An offering from every mem- every church-member, old and young, ber according to his or her abil- first to look on the whole field, then ity. to examine personal resources and 2. Gifts distributed to every inter-

ability, and then to look to God for opiufn, which has done to inj ure the guidance as to debt and duty and Chinese what whisky has done for God-given opportunity. 10 effort has other races. The fight is also on in been made to bring pressure to bear Cermany and Russia against intoxiupon individuals or on churches to cants, and from the Canadian provmeet required apportionmcnts. The ince of Ontario comes the word that appeal has been made to their intel- thousands of the younger members ligent cooperation and their spirit of of the Conservative party· are signlove and loyalty to Christ. ing petitions addrest to the provin- cial government asking for the aboli- The results of this method, bo1.h tion of all saloons and bar licenses. financial and spiritual, are already The agitation is being carried on by evident. One church. of about five the Ontario Young Manhood Assohundred members that substituted the ciation, an organization formed last every-member plan for pew rents ten fall with the brief but sufficient sloyears ago reports that the current ex- gan; "::0 booze." pense receipts have doubled, and recently the introduction of weekly In America the growth of the propledges for benevolences has 11- hibition movement can, perhaps, best creased the gifts 500 per cent. An- be realized in the statement that alother church in Illinois adopted the ready 47,000,000 live in territory every-member canvass with the result from yhich liquor has been banished that gifts to benevolences were multi- by the sovereign will of the people. plied by three, and the receipts for The action of Secretary Daniels in local expenses were doubled. banishing strong drink from the "offi- cers' rness" in the ~avy, and the effort all Similar reports have come from of the Commissioner of Indian Af- fairs to protect the Red .Man from churches over the country. The whisky, indicate the growing sentiment plan is evidently of God. He places in official circles. The Christian Enno premium on slipshod methods, but deavor Societies have announced as caUs on His disciples to use the best their slogan, "A Saloonless N atioll that they have in talents, in judg- by 1920." Tremendous opposition is at ment, and in energy, to advance His work, but the liquor interests are find- Kingdom. ing out that the whole Church is be- comiag· increasingly aroused to the THE FIGHT AGAINST ALCOHOL evils of the drink traffic, ancl that even big business is lending a hand 'T' HIS is aCnrdra~vntsof worId-move- in the enterprise of banishing the of thought saloon from Christian lands. 1 ments. BYTHE OUTLOOK IN TURKEY sweep from one nation to another, degrees the Turks are beginning to understand the meaning of the and the whole world, as n.:ver before, new national ideals. The lesson has been costly, and while they have been seems to think as one. The efforts learning a large part of their earthly for constitutional government in vari- ous countries, and the woman's movement are one sign of this, but nothing is 1110re striking than the stand that is being made against alco- hol, a tendency which, in China, takes the form of a struggle against

possessions have been taken from themselves believed to be divine. them. The Young Turks are III con- But with the cry of "Back to Motrol of the GoYernment, and a new hammed" and "Back to the Koran," parliament has recently assembled. so often heard among young Mo- An effort is being made to bring or- hammedan reformers, there is a der out of chaos, ana to bind the dif- growing tendency to make the sacred ferent parts of the Empire together book accessible to the multitudes of by railroads, commerce, education, JIoslems to 'Wh0111 Arabic is an unand other improvements. known tongue. Of this Ahmed Effendi Aghaieff writes in the]cunc-Turc: There are vast and astonishing changes noticeable in the past ten "vVe must show the people that it years-especially in f r e e d 0 m of is possible to reach at once the speech and travel. The danger is authcntic foundations of our rethat men may swing to the extreme ligion. First in rank of these is the of license. Rulers and judges are Koran. Till now the ordinary Turk questioned and criticized by the most read this, committed it to memory, ignorant, and in some districts, as in said his prayers and had his C0111- Bitlis, there has been anarchy and re- 1l1l1nion with God, absolutely without volt. Vith the lessening of race understanding the sense and content prej udice there is also a weakening of of what he read or prayed. Naturreligious conviction and a seculariza- ally his readings and prayers made tion of life. This is a transition pe- no such impression on his heart and riod for Turkey, and the need for soul as "'e should expect from the positive Christian teaching can not be reading of a holy book and the recitoverestimated. ing of a prayer. Reading and prayer were both mechanical; here was one The people of Turkey are at last of the principal causes of the imawakening to their needs and are potence of religion as an educational crowding forward to receive an edu- force, and this obstacle must be recation. The mission schools and col- moved." leges are full to overflowing. Anatolia College, for instance, has It is this thought of the need of doubled in enrolment in the last five the people for a Sacred Book in the years, and Turks are coming in in- yernacular that has led to the transcreasing numbers. Their religion lation of the Koran into Turkish. will, no doubt, be the last citadel that the Turks will yield to Christianity, It was found, however, that the but there are signs that even this is translation of the Koran created weakening. The forms and fables of skepticism among Turks, as readers Islam and of Oriental Christianity discovered so many incongruities and. must finally yield to the Ii fe and falsehoods that they questioned its truth of the Son of God. inspiration. As a result the Ottoman Government has seen best to stop IPOPULAR EDITION OF THE KORAN this enterprise and has ordered all N the eyes of orthodox ::Ioslems copies of the parts so far issued COI1- any translation of the Kor3.n is {]scatcd and destroyed. sacrilege, for the Arabic words art: The Turk is being disillusioned rapidly, and the time is coming when

he will see himself in the true light. means great sacrifice and princely Meanwhile the Scriptures have been giving. The chiefs have undertaken circulated far and wide among all to give 40 per cent. of their rents classes of people in the empire, and for three years. many Turks are reading the Bible. vVhen religious freedom becomes a Could not the Church at home reality, many will no doubt come out learn much from the dark-skinned and confess Jesus Christ as Savior Baganda? and Lord. THE EVANGELISTIC CAMPAIGN IN MOVING CHRISTWARD IN UGANDA T JAPAN MASS movements toward Chris- HE evangelistic movements start- tianity are reported by Bishop ed and carried through by the churches and missions in Japan have Willis to be going on at four or five often resulted in large accessions of different centers in Uganda. At converts. But these have been local, Kavirondo, in British East Africa, of short duration, and have been unthere are 500 catechumens preparing dertaken generally by one denominafor baptism, and 3,000 under regular tion. On March 1st, however, an instruction. The Roman Catholics evangelistic movement was inaugurahad said that one might as well try ted to reach all parts of Japan, and to convert a sheep as get hold of a to continue for three years. All the Kavirondo ! There are now about churches, with few exceptions, and 200,000 Baganda connected with the nearly all the missions in Japan will Church of England missions. The participate. The objects of this evantotal popUlation is 3,700,000. gelistic campaign are to bring about a deeper and more practical experi- Where 25 years ago there was one ence of the life of Christ in the inchurch in Uganda, there are now dividual, resulting in more earnest .over 1,200. Some 2,800 African efforts to lead others to the Savior, Christians, supported by the native and a more widespread presentation Church, are engaged in the pastoral of the gospel to the whole nonand educational and evangelistic work Christian community. in the diocese. Forty have been ordained and are ably taking charge In the work of evangelization two of thousands of. African adherents, groups of workers are organized, communicants, and scholars. In composed of preachers and laymen. Christian-giving the Uganda Church The sum of 50,000 yen ($25,000) is has been wisely trained. They sup- to be raised from among Japanese port their own clergy and catechists; and foreign friends by the Continuapay for their own elementary educa- tion Committee of Japan. Dr. John tion, build their own schools and R. Mott has repeatedly exprest his churches, helped only by occasional personal conviction that Japan is as gifts from the home Church. Toward ripe to-day for such an effort as at the building of their new cathedral any period in her history. Let Christhey have undertaken to raise $50,000. tians everywhere remember to pray The daily wage of a laborer is about daily for this great interdenominafive cents, so that the undertaking tional, inter-racial forward movement in Japan.

A MOHAMMEDAN RELIGIOUS ORDER OF WEST AFRICAN NEGROES IN FREETOWN

A Moor from Fez. Morocco. is seated in the center of the front row Mohamnledanism in West Africa * BY REV. RAYMOND P. DOUGHERTY, SIERRA LEONE, WEST AFRICA Principal of Albert Academy, Freetown, Sierra Leone III ISLAM was first ship of Mohammed, thirteen cen- pre a c h e d by the turies ago founded a mighty religious Prophet of Arabia a empire, now numbering at least two little over six hundred hundred million adherents. years after the birth of Christ. The Koran, Africa, on account of its proximity written in classical Arabic, is its sa- to the Arabian peninSUla, soon felt cred book, and its fundamental the influence of this new faith. The creed proclaims the unity of God and followers of Mohammed rapidly con- the apostleship of Mohammed. quered North Africa, and then Prayer, almsgiving, fasting, and pil- crossed over into Spain, where Moorgrimage to Mecca are the cardinal ish civilization flourished undisturbed duties imposed upon those who ac- for five centuries. This flow of Moscept Mohammedanism; but slavery, lem advance into Europe was due to concubinage, polygamy, and divorce the geographical barriers of the inin their worst forms are allowed. terior of Africa. For a long time Islam, in reality, is a mixture of the utmost limit of Islam in ;Vest Arab heathenism with certain Jewish Africa was Morocco. and Christian elements. Such a compromise was suited to the tribes In the central portion of the West of the desert, who, under the leader- African coast is the Guinea district, a tropical region facing the sea for over 3,500 miles, from eleven degrees • The writer is indebted to Rev. J. A. Me.nard, agent of the British and Foreign Bible Society, for valuable infoQllation used in this artide.-R. P. D.

north latitude to sixteen degrees rivers. Islam owes its early expan- south latitude. Upper Guinea, lying sion south of the Sahara to several north of the equator and almost great and aggressive Sud an e s e parallel with it, is ,made up of those peoples. Powerful ?1a~dingo, Hausa, districts formerly known as grain and Fulah kingdoms were established.

coast, ivory coast, gold coast, slave In the main the religion of Mecca coast, and brass coast, but to-day was extended forcibly rather than marked on the map as British, peaceably, for Islam enjoins wars of French, German, and Portuguese de- subjugation or extermination against pendencies. The only exception is unbelievers. On this account there Liberia, an independent negro re- were at times strong reactions of public of American origin. The most heathenism against }Iohammeclanism.

wonderful physical feature of this The Bambara tribe, for instance, whole region is the mighty Niger driven by Mohammedan inroads, River, which rises in the uplands just founded a heathen kingdom which rt- northeast of Sierra Leone, flows to sisted Moslem aggression for three the edge of the Sahara desert, and hundred years. But the prepon- then descends, with many a majestic derating influence of Islam in the curve, to. the Atlantic Ocean. Sudan gradually pushed its emis- Upper Guinea is bounded on the saries farther southward, until they north by the Sudan, beyond which finally reached the tribes along the stretches the Sahara desert, and on the Atlantic coast. Here they are now south by the Atlantic Ocean. There carrying on an active propagal;lda.

are thus two main avenues of ap- On the other hand, it was not un- proach to this portion of West Afri- til the middle of the fifteenth cen- ca-the surging waves which lave its tury that European mariners became shores and the burning sands which bold enough to traverse the ocean lie beyond its hinterland. To the route to 11est Africa. Their ex- ancients, the ocean was an untried plorations led to the establishment of passageway and the desert an 1m- Portuguese, French, British, and passable barrier. German trading centers, which ulti- It is practically within the con- mately developed into colonies. The fines of Upper Guin~a that Islam is first Christian missionaries in West at present most rapidly extending its Africa were Portuguese Jesuits, and A frican domain. Mohammedanism during the latter part of the fifteenth, has penetrated Central and Southern the whole of the sixteenth, and the Africa, but has thus far made no ap- beginning of the seventeenth cel1- preciable impression upon that part ~ turies they alone sought the conver- of Vest Africa which is south of the sion of Africans. To-day, no re- equator. sults of their labors can be found.

At the close of the tenth century a Modern Christian missions in 'vVest drift of population began from North Africa date from the beginning of the Africa toward the Sudan, and as a nineteenth century, when the Protes- result Moslem caravans wended their tant Christians of England and way across the desert to the tribes America awoke to their great oppor- dwelling along the Senegal and Niger tunity. The past one hundred years

MOHAMMEDANISM IN WEST AFRICA 40C

have been noteworthy for increasing that of the Isthmus of Panama.

effectiveness in bringing the Bible and Freetown, the capital, is located its blessings to many .negro tribes. where the broad mouth of the Sierra To-day, as never before, Islam is Leone River joins the ocean, at the Christianity's great rival in West Af- base of rugged, verdant mountains.

rica. The struggle between these two It was founded in 1787 as a home for faiths for the spiritual domination of England's freed slaves, and has Africa's backward peoples is at once grown from a small trading center to stupendous and momentous. We see a busy metropolis containing about that the initial step toward this con- 40,000 inhabitants, largely made up of flict was the arrival of Moslems from the descendants of liberated Africans North Africa. Borne on the ships of and native tribes. The passenger on the desert, they appeared as messen- a modernly equipped steamer gliding gers from afar. Islam immediately majestically into the harbor views a took possession of what was later to densely built city, surrounded with be a mighty battleground between the intense tropical beauty. The old followers of the Crescent and the colonial fort forms the foundation of heralds of the Cross. Mohammedans the governor's residence. A railway advanced their cause by a vigorous takes its start at a pretentious depot, military program, and a gradual fil- and wends its way far into the in- tering penetration southward. This terior.

process lasted for centuries, .and when In this wide territory of the Sierra the first Christian missionaries ar- Leone Protectorate the past has wit- rived on the ships of the sea, they nessed a movement of tribes from the found not only Islamized Africans northeast toward the Atlantic coast.

but an Africanized Islam. The roots Doubtless the expansion of popUla- of this reI i g ion have now so tion in the Sudan had something to thoroughly ramified West Africa that do with this. Another determining the tree of Islam, tho not indigenous, factor was the supply of salt. Peoples has become fully adapted to its new dwelling along the Niger obtained salt surroundings. The application of the from the deposits in the Sahara, one ax of Christianity to this tree is of the main contributors to Timbttc- proving one of the most difficult tu's greatness being its trade in the tasks of evangelization. salt bars of Taudeni. As tribes were I.lam in Sierra Leone prest southward by economic and poli- tical conditions, they found salt more The British colony and protectorate difficult to obtain. News of a place of Sierra Leone present typical con- where salt might be freely obtained ditions for the study of Islam in from water caused a more vigorous West Africa. The colony has an movement toward the sea. Possibly area of approximately 250 square some of the small tribes along the miles, with a population of 75,500, coast of Sierra Leone owe their while the protectorate has an area of dwindling condition to this pressure 25,000 square miles, with a popula- from the interior.

tion of 1,325,000. The latitude of The tribes now residing in the pro- Sierra Leone is about the same as tectorate of Sierra Leone may, there-

for~, be divided into two classes, fore the modern period of pacificanamely, native tribes and invading tion, tribes fought with one another tribes. There are six native tribes, for slaves, as men in other lands numbering 650,000. These are 90 have fought for gold. At times, too, to 100 per cent. pagan. Not one of a Moslem Mahdi reared his standard them is more than IO per cent. Mo- for the advancement of Islam, and hammedan. There are eight large Sierra Leone felt the impress of some and several less important invading of these fanatical warriors. tribes which, in part, are strictly Mo- hammedan. Wit h a numerical The strength of Islam in the pro- strength of 675,000, they slightly out- tectorate of Sierra Leone must not be number the native tribes. According reckoned from a mere numerical to approximate figures taken from re- viewpoint. Few of the third-of-a- cent government estimates, the people million Mohammedans well scattered of the protectorate of Sierra Leone throughout the territory can read or are three-fourths pagan, and one- understand the Koran. It is enough fourth Mohammedan. In round num- to pronounce a few prayers in Ara-. bers there are I,OOO,OOO pagans and bic, for God, they think, will recog- 3oo,oQo Mohammedans. A few tribes nize and answer petitions, even if are from I to 2 per cent. Christian. they are unintelligible to the petition- ers. This gives some clue as to the That which is of most significance actual hold of Islam upon the inner is the fact that the present status of life of the peoples of West Africa. Islam among Sierra Leone tribes is due to the gradual invasion of The writer, while taking a journey peoples already strongly Mohamme- through the protectorate of Sierra dan rather than to the extensive con- Leone, came to a small town close to version of the old aboriginal tribes. a river. Here he found a mosque, built This invasion was accompanied by the of hardened mud walls, with a grass clash of savage warfare and the en- roof, and standing a little aside from slavement of vanquished communities, the other huts. Entrance being gained for, in the primitive economic sys- after the removal of shoes, he found tem of the time, slaves comprised the inside a plain earthen fioor, marked most valuable asset of those in power. by slight parallel grooves several feet The monetary table of the jungle apart. Animal skins were spread could be stated as follows: So many here and there, and at the front of sea-shells or similar insignificant ob- the room was a vestibule-like pulpit. jects equal a chicken; so many chick- There was a small separate room for ens equal a goat or sheep; so many female worshipers. The simplicity of goats or sheep equal a cow; so many this crude Moslem temple in the cows equal a slave. The slave was heart of an African forest is not to the highest legal tender, and he was be derided, but the sterility of its a medium of exchange that could be ritual can not be ignored. When the easily transformed into work. The muezzin sends his piercing call to intrinsic value of slaves jumped con- prayer echoing loudly through the siderably when the markets of the forest village, the faithful leave their world were opened to them. So, be- primitive homes and enter the mosque to bow down to a Supreme Being of

MOHAMMEDANISM IN WEST AFRICA

whom they have only the barest con- tises of Islam. Comparatively few ception, to utter prayers which are are ignorant of the fact that there is s imp I y articulations, and to go such a religion as Mohammedanism. through postures which are mere for- Arabic expressions like "Peace be malities. Prayers are recited not only unto you" and "In the name of Alin the mosques, but many strict Mo- lah" are in common usage, and many hammedans construct prayer-grounds who still retain their heathen beliefs outside their dwellings. The earth is have some conception of the Moslem leveled and bordered with stones. creed. Thousands of people in Sierra A MOSLEM SCHOOL IN FREETOWN, WEST AFRICA Often it is possible to see Moslem Leone could immediately become Mobelievers with knees upon well-worn hammedans, in the African sense, if animal skins praying in these public they so desired. Were Christianity as places. One can not but admire this well known in Sierra Leone as Islam, devotion and at the same' .time regret the people would be practically evanthat it is displayed in behalf of a gelized, tho not Christianized. Why faith that has done so little to uplift has not Islam, with its low standards, the human race. gathered all these pagans within its fold long ago? Possibly their natural Another phase of the situation must apathy to change in religious beliefs be taken into account. While a mil- keeps them from taking the step from lion people in Sierra Leone are paganism to Mohammedanism, tho counted as pagans, they, for the most it is but a step. Maybe, with a keener part, know of the claims and prac-

insight than is usually credited them, are written upon pieces of paper to they realize that Islam offers little be carried about or fastened to the more than they already have. walls of houses; others are sewed ill small square encasements of leather Nevertheless, the entire conversion to be worn on different parts of the of Sierra Leone to Islam is a goal body. Their purpose is to ward off which Mohammedans are striving to sickness, evil, and danger. A comreach, but they must have recourse to mon remedy for diseases already new tactics. The day of forceful ex- existing is prepared by writing a few pansion is past; inter-tribal warfare is Arabic sentences upon a smooth quickly quelled; the slave trade has board. The inscription is carefully been abolished; England's s t ron g washed off, and the resulting liquid hand has produced a condition of is sold as medicine. A piece of moist peace and quiet government; so that cotton used in erasing the writing is Islam is restricted to persuasive regarded as especially efficacious. In rather than coercive methods in the this manner the Mohammedan mispropagation of its faith. sionary, or Mori man, as he is styled by the natives, appeals to the super- Moslem Missionaries stitious fears of the people, and at the same time gains a livelihood. It is hard to know how many active emissaries of Islam are laboring in After he has established his repu- Sierra Leone, for they receive neither tation as a man of superior knowlauthority nor support from any Mos- edge, he starts a school by gathering lem missionary organizations. The boys of various ages about him in his procedure of a Mohammedan mis- house or yard, where he teaches them sionary is generally as follows: With a superficial knowledge of Arabic. turbaned brow, flowing gown, and He makes his own books by writing sandaled feet he enters an African the lessons upon smooth boards with community, where his dignified garb a reed pen dipt in ink, which can be and superior bearing at once create a washed out when one lesson must be deep impression. If he belongs to an replaced by another. The only thing alien tribe, such as Fulah or Man- required of scholars is mastery in dingo, still his dark color shows that pronunciation and intonation. The he is affiliated with the negro race. Arabic alphabet is first learned, then By physical constitution and kmg cus- combinations of letters, and, finally, tom he is capable of adapting himself portions of the Koran. Even the to the most primitive conditions, and most advanced students pay attenhe possesses the great advantage of tion to forms and sounds rather than understanding the black man's lan- to meanings. One of these Moslem guage, mode of thought, and manner teachers informed me that it was of life. necessary for a student of the Koran to be able to recite the whole of it His first step toward gaining an in- from beginning to end before he fluence over the people is by making would be taught the meaning of a sinand selling cabalistic charms, fetish- gle portion. As few Africans get like amulets. and magical remedies. beyond the utterance of several Ara- These generally consist of Arabic formulas taken from the Koran. Some

MOHAMMEDANISM IN WEST

bie prayers, it is easy to see that Mo- the fonowers of Mohammed are in- hammedans who understand their creasing III countries like Sierra own religion are limited in number. Leone.

The making of so-called preventivt: The Requirements of "lam and curative charms seems to be re- But what does Islam require of its garded a greater accomplishment than African converts? Very mea g e r ability to interpret the 'Koran. This changes take place in the transition reveals Islam's point of emphasis in from heathenism to Mohammedanism.

West Africa. Old practises are allowed, while a few Next, the Mohammedan missionary new ones are imposed. The first step links himself with local families by of a pagan toward the faith of Mecca ties of marriage. As his -wives in- is the wearing of Moslem charms, crease in number his wealth and tho the acceptance of Arabic amulets prominence are enlarged. He be- does not necessarily imply the cast- comes a fixture in the community, ing away of heathen fetishes. The and contributes to the growth 01 second step is the observance of cer- Islam by begetting many children. tain festivals, which appeal to the Af- Sooner or later he assumes political rican's love of feasting and dancing.

leadership, and takes a hand in tribal The third and most rigorous step in- matters. Sly intrigue and dark plots cludes regularity in prayers, keeping are sometimes resorted to for the sake the fast, and abstaining from pork of gaining control of affairs. A Mo- and alcohol, first openly, then en- hammedan's supreme aim in a town tirely. Here there is a strong appeal is to become the chief's intimate ad- to the African's inherent tendency to- vis~r, for, by holding a chief sub- ward formal ceremonies and the re- servient to his wishes, he can rule a cognition of certain things as taboo.

whole chiefdom. Islam's sway over Many Africans are little beyond the the land is largely strengthened by first two steps, being dilatory with re- chiefs who have become Moslems. gard to praying, fasting, and abstain- Of course, the Mohammedan mis- ing from alcohol.

sionary is assiduous in the perform- Thus Islam does not subvert ance of his religious duties. He re- heathenism in West Africa, but uses peats his prayers ·regularly and pub- it as ~ foundation for its own relig- licly, never omitting the necessary ab- ious structure. The African need lutions. The fast of Ramadan is not drop any of the distinctive habits kept with 'all rigor, and in some cases and customs of his animistic cult in the pilgrimage is made to Mecca. In order to become a Moslem. Polyga- his social intercourse with the people my, witchcraft, slavery, and even can- he takes occasion to speak of his re- nibalism, may be indulged in as be- ligion, so that, while he makes no ef- fore. In reality, the negro puts on fort to preach Islam in a systematic the gown of Islam not to get rid of way, his example and personal work his evil practises, nor even to hide count for much. All these acts are them, but rather to dignify them, if capable of producing a profound im- possible.

pression upon the African's untutored In the small colony of Sierra Leone mind. It is not surprizing, then, that on the coast we find more startling

A STONE MOSQUE IN FREETOWN, WEST AFRICA statIstics at hand concerning the traders, artisans, and clerks from the growth and influence of Islam. The colony into the interior, and at the following percentages are computed same time caused an accelerated flow from accurate government censuses: of Mohammedans and pagans from the protectorate to Freetown, where. Total population 1881 1911 there is a great demand for ordinary Christians 60,500 75,500 manual labor. Attractive positions Mohammedans and commercial opportunities have Pagans 650/0 520/0 drawn many educated Christians 90/0 150/0 from Sierra Leone to other West Af- 260/0 330/0 rican colonies, while hundreds of Syriapo uriven from French Guinea During this period of thirty years by heavy taxation, have, during the Christians have little more than held last ten years, added to the Mohamtheir own in numbers, while Moham- medan population of Freetown and medans have increased more than 100 its environs. per cent., and pagans more than 50 per cent. The combined gain of Mo- Still, these mitigating circumstances hammedans and pagans was nearly do not change the rapidly growing 15,000, which equals the total growth Moslem element which must be faced of population in thirty years. in the colony of Sierra Leone. Free- town has five well-built mosques and Several facts must be given in ex- five Mohammedan schools, the latter planation of these figures. The estab- under direct government support and lishment of the railway fifteen years supervision. Aside from these govago and the subsequent development of the protectorate produced an emigration of nearly 3,000 Christian

ernment schools, in which Arabicedu- is growing more rapidly in centers cation is supplemented by English along the west coast of Africa than studies, there are many ordinary Mo- in interior districts. Another striking hammedan schools conducted as in illustration of this is Lagos, the capi- the protectorate. Inasmuch as there tal and main seaport of Nigeria, are no Christian schools supported where Mohammedans increased 60 entirely by the Government, Islam in per cent. in ten years. There is, a sense receives an official aid and however, a marked decrease in the sanction. This is naturally produc- ratio of Moslem population as we tive of a social standing and political proceed along the continent from assurance which are enhanced by Senegal to the equator. growing numbers. Mohammedan re- ligious orders, or brotherhoods, are Official statements are not wanting well organized in the city of Free- concerning the growth and economic , town. Arabs and Moors occasionally value of Islam in West Africa. Of visit the colony, and sometimes re- particular interest are the following main fo~ long periods. A Sheikh words of the Governor-General of from Mecca recently spent several French West Africa: "It is difficult weeks in Freetown. These intimate to determine whether Islam, as a ruie, relations with the central Moslem is in a state of growth. One notices world can not help arousing Moham- in certain respects a sensible regres- medan enthusiasm and aggression. sion, due to the suppression of sla- very, in the valley of the Niger, for It seems generally true that Islam example. On the other hand, one A HUT-LIKE MOSQUE IN THE INTERIOR OF SIERRA LEONE PROTECTORATE

notices in other countries a certain Dr. Frederick Starr, professor of development of Islam due to the work Anthropology in Chicago University, of Mohammedan priests and to the who has traveled in several West negro's spirit of imitation." African countries, testifies to the fact that he never saw a Mohammedan The Sierra Leone Government Cen- town that was better than a pagan sus Report says: "Mohammedanism town, and that the apparent su- is making steady progress in this col- periority of certain tribes which have ony, and the same feature is evident embraced Islam is due to racial in the protectorate also, and the rea- qualities rather 'than to the religion sons for this progress are not hard to adopted. seek, viz.: Mohammedanism recog- nizes polygamy and is, therefore, con- These few testimonies are sufficient genial to the aboriginal natives' own to indicate the worthlessness of marriage customs, and a convert to Islam as an uplifting force in West the religion is not thereby alienated Africa. It is proving a hindrance' from his tribal life." rather than a help to the enlighten- ment of the people. Whatever adapt- The economic value of Islam is ability it has to the primitive tribes clearly set forth by the Lieutenant- of the Dark Continent springs from Governor of French Dahomey, as fol- its appeal to their heathen beliefs and lows: "The Mohammedans of Da- practises. Instead of being a preparhomey do not give themselves to the atory step to a higher civilization, it cultivation of the soil. Islam has not produces a more stubborn resistance introduced any new industry. It is to to the gospel and its benefits. His- be noted, however, that Mohammedans tory reveals that Islam has brought give themselves to the work of dye- about a retrograde condition in those ing with indigo and other vegetable countries where it has prevailed the colors indigenous in the regions of the longest. Thus Arabia, before it came north, but this industry already ex- under the sway of Mohammedanism, isted before their coming. Where was far more populous and prosperthey settle they build, after the man- ous than it is now. ner of the occupying race, without any modification of architecture. Mo- Christianity's great task is to save hammedans give themselves mainly to Africa from the fate of Arabia. This the selling of imported European can best be done by appealing directly wares. They do not contribute to to the humanity of the people through the development of natural resources." medical and industrial work, by mak- ing use of their susceptibility to train- With respect to the sanitary pre- ing and education, and, above all, by vention of disease, an official report building the structure of Christian from the German colony of Togo life and progress upon the foundationstates: "The pagan trusts in the stone of their inherent religious sense. power of his fetish to prevent sick- Going forward with all these agencies ness and epidemic, while the Moham- under the guidance of the Holy medan seeks to keep them away Spirit, the soldiers of the Cross can through his amulet, furnished by an rest assured that ultimate victory will Imam or Malam. The one helps as be theirs. little as the other."

A United Front In Mission

A PLEA FOR UNITY AND COOPERATION IN. BEHALF OF THE WORLD'S EVANGELIZATION* BY REV. JAMES H. FRANKLIN, D.D., BOSTON Foreign Secretary of the American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society NE of the most glorious we of the West should be ashamed to present the holy Church of Christ IOl developments of the to the Chinese as broken." It is foreign field is the in- natural that under such conditions as creasing desire among these the Chinese should express both foreign mission- some restlessness. Let us imagine aries and native Chris- ourselves members of that great race. tians for a larger measure of Chris- If we were Chinese, living in China, tian unity and practical cooperation. how should we like to be known as In spite of our different names, we members of the Northern Baptist Christians are one in hrotherhood, Church of America in China, or of one in discipleship to a common the Dutch Ref 0 r m e d Church of Master, and one in a desire that we America in China, or of the Scotch shall not present our Lord to the Presbyterian, or the Canadian Methnon-Christian world as a divided odist, or the German Lutheran? Is Christ. it fair to require the non-Christian world to find its way to Jesus Christ In Fehruary, 1913, in a conference through the history of our schisms, which I attended at Canton, China, a many of which were occasioned by robust medical missionary stood and civil strife or political developments said: HI plead for a united front. or theological controversies, or some- Recently I was the twelfth physician thtng else in which the Chinese and sent for by a Chinese who was ill, the others are not concerned? eleven others being native doctors. Each doctor had given the sick man a Who is responsible? Of course, different prescription, and he did not the other denomination is always reknow which to take. I make a plea sponsible; I am perfectly willing to for a united front." Having made have unity, and I pray that the other his point, he sat down. A Chinese people may see the truth-the truth pastor stood up and said: "In my as God has given it to me! Some city there are five different transla- weeks ago it was reported that a tions of the Bible, and the differences gentleman from America approached make a great deal of trouble." He, a representative of the Greek Church. too, had made his point in a brief The representative of that ancient word. A veteran missionary arose body said simply: "It is necessary to be and said: "The Church is the mani- Orthodox; we are Orthodox, and festation of Christ among men, and • An address delivered at the Seventh International Student Volunteer Convention, Kansas City, on January 3, 1914.

there is nothing for others to do but near the stern of the vessel, and the to become Orthodox also." Unfor- beam of light across the water from tunately, that is the attitude of more the rising moon fell full at my feet.

than one body. Nor is such an at- The liner dashed on, but the path of titude unnatural. All denominations light continued to fall at my feet. I can justify their existence, and in moved forward, but the ribbon of good conscience. Their distinctive clearest illumination followed me.

views are precious to them, and the Had experience not taught me other- larger bodies, however ancient or suc- wise, I might have believed that I, cessful, have no right to demand that more than others on the ship, enjoyed the smaller denominations surrender the brighter light. But, no! Every their convictions on any point. At passenger on the Lusitania that night the Canton Conference one of the found lying over the sea a path of best-known missionaries in China especial brightness for himself and said: "Noone of us believes that any for those who stood with him, and church has been founded through every passenger on every ship on the perversity. No one denomination has broad Atlantic that night had the all the truth, but the little we hold in same experience at the same moment, our denomination is so precious we if only he kept his face toward the are tempted to think we have it all. light. Truth from God reaches every Our valuable doctrines and forms we heart that seeks Him, for "He that should consider as entrusted to us, seeketh findeth," and God hath not and we must be faithful to them, but left Himself without witness among there is grave danger that we shall any people. He is the light that hold as fundamental that which is not lighteth every man that cometh into fundamental. " the world.

Not long ago I journeyed through The cry for to-day is not for com- Chicago in the early evening, and as promise, but for a larger comprehen- I walked east on Madison Street the sion-to comprehend with all saints full moon was rising out of Lake what is the breadth and length and Michigan, directly ahead at the end height and depth of the love of God.

of my path. Had experience not It is not, what shall I give up, but taught me otherwise, I might have rather, what can I giver It is not, thought that I and those who walked what shall I lose, but what may I in my way enjoyed more than others contribute? It is not, what shall I in Chicago the direct light upon our surrender, but what shall I gain in path. I walked to Van Buren Street, an interpretation and understanding then to Randolph Street, and next to of Christ? There is no widespread Jackson Street. The moon appeared demand to-day for uniformity of to be rising directly at the head of statement or uniformity of outward each street, and to the pedestrians on life, nor are these things desirable at each of these thoroughfares it seemed present. But multitudes on the fields- that from no other street could the native Christians and foreign mis- moon be seen so clearly. A month sionaries-are begging with no uncer- later I raced across the Atlantic on a tain sound for unity and cooperation.

fast liner. One night I stood alone The people who are talking about

compromise are usually the critics to impose on the Oriental mind a sys- who know not what they say. Go tem of theology which has been coninto the innermost circles of the structed or approved by the Anglomovement for cooperation and you Saxon, and which, therefore, we find the strongest insistence that the think more inspired than the interpredenominations be loyal to the truth tations of the Orientals? Are we as God has given it to them. There there to impose on them our own is no demand for a minimum of be- theoretical theology? Or are we lief, but for a maximum; no demand there to give them Christ and let that we reduce our theology to the Christ speak to their souls? Are we lowest common denominator, but that there chiefly for the purpose of buildwe speak the whole truth in love. We ing up our own denomination, or need not use a club to remove a have we reached the point where we speck of dust from a brother's eye- see that it is true for a denomination brow. If God has given me some as well as for an individual that he truth that he has not given to others, who saveth his life shall lose it, but I am not to surrender what I have, he that loseth his life for the Kingbut to contribute what I can, and dom of God shall find it? I say perhaps gain more. Unity of spirit without any hesitation that so far as must come through a greater appre- I can see, the denominations which ciation of the oneness of our task and are rendering the most disinterested a better understanding of each other service are those that serve only for and our differences. It is not for the joy of having served; they are outward uniformity but for a larger those that give all, asking nothing in appreciation of our unity of purpose return save the joy of having given. that we ask. God has not made Build hospitals to get members for flowers and trees uniform, but there our churches? God forbid! Schools is harmony. Rooted in the same soil for the sake of sectarian propaganand warmed by the same sun, there da? No! Schools to promulgate are petals and leaves and boughs of our views of Christ? Yes, but somemany colors and many forms, but thing better-to give Christ. none clashes with the other-there is harmony. In their diversity they When we are honest with ourselves speak of unity of life. All are affect- we recognize that in every commued by the common tide of an ex- nion are thousands of men whose panding life in the springtime. lives have been regenerated through the Gospel as taught by these differ- Cooperation becomes easily possi- ent denominations. Likewise, on the ble when we reach general agree- foreign field we find multitudes who ment as to the purpose of our for- have become new men in Christ, eign mission work. Unity is general some through the work of one body agreement, and already there is gen- and some through the work of aneral agreement among most denomi- other body of Christians. The need is nations as to their purpose. not for uniformity. There is a demand that we who are agreed on Are we in the non-Christian lands Christ as the Savior of men present primarily to make converts to our such a solid front to the non-Chrisown particular faith? Are we there

tian world that men will see the point as willing as men at the front to die of agreement, Jesus Christ, rather for the principle of cooperation~a than the differences of interpretation cooperation which means united ef- that may obscure Him on whom we fort to save the world in spite of our agree and to whom they must look differences-a cooperation in which for life. each disciple wilI teach the truth as So we plead not that we sink our he sees it, without compromise and differences, but that we contribute without surrender to any conviction.

our various interpretations of Christ If you insist that such cooperation is to a greater Christian synthesis, and impossible, I reply that I have seen that we show the non-Christian world it. I have seen it with loyalty to dis- that the greatest thing in our particu- tinctive doctrines. But it was a lar belief is not our difference from loyalty tempered with humility and the others, but our agreement with love–not a loyalty sharpened by ar- them. Our great concern is that they rogance.

may have Christ, and that they have Many in the home lands are com- the right to come to Him direct ing to feel that God is working His rather than through any particular purpose out on the foreign fields, tho denomination. Weare not at work developments may be different from abroad to impose our theoretical anything we have known in the ec- theology on others, but to give them clesiastical life of the West. . Why Christ. Shall we not grant them the should we of America attempt to say right to interpret Christ for them- how the Spirit of God shall lead the selves? When did God give the Orientals in their church life? Why Anglo-Saxon a particular m6nopoly should we of America attempt to in making creeds concerning Christ? control the work of God's spirit in When did God give the Anglo-Saxon the Orient? Are not the sources of the right to say to others: "You are information and inspiration as open not seeing Christ unless you see Him to them as to us? Does God speak according to the statements of our more surely to the Anglo-Saxon creeds ?" Ve need to trust Christ soul? Are we afraid to trust the to reveal Himself to others, even as Eternal Christ with the Orientals, tho He has revealed Himself to us. Christ Himself came out of the East?

Thank God the day of cooperation Is Christ's work in the East always has come in an irresistible tide. A to be held in leading-strings from few people at home may hold back the West? Is Christianity, by retlson their missionaries. They may attempt of its foreign names and foreign con- to delay the larger movement, but trol, always to appear in the eyes of they can not defeat its coming. The the Oriental as a foreign religion?

tide is high, and it is growing higher. Do we not have sufficient confidence You may cause some of your mis- in the truth to release it? "Lord, in- sionaries to anchor in a small bay crease our faith." Help us that we until the tide goes out and then find ., shall be satisfied to place the leaven it impossible to make as large a con- in the lump, confident that it will tribution as they wished to make. eventually leaven the mass. Help us But even at home there are men just to trust Christ and His truth. Many

A UNITED FRONT IN MISSION WORK

are coming to believe that the Orien- are finding it highly advantageous to tal interpretation of Christ will make cooperate in theological instruction, His crown all the more resplendent. which is possible without compromise We need to cooperate in the sur- of conviction. This has been dem- . vey of unoccupied fields. No one onstrated. My own unwillingness society can accomplish this task un- to cooperate here where full freedom aided. We must cooperate in the oc- is given to all may be due to a fear cupation of the fields. Shall we send that the truth as I teach it will not missionaries to relatively well-occu- stand when compared with the teach- pied territory because we are not ings of others. We may have great represented there, while multitudes confidence in the survival of the fit- elsewhere are untouched? . There are test. Moreover, if many minds are numerous well-occupied centers in needed in the study of chemistry or China whose contiguous territory is physics or mathematics, how much fearfully neglected. more do men need each other in In a sectional conference in China their study of God the Father, and a missionary reported that there were Christ the Son?

590 missionaries in one province. A The present opportunity can be de- Chinese leader commented on the feated if we cooperate on a basis situation by saying that the forces of of compromise. But comprehension, missionaries were not well distrib- not compromise, is the note of the uted; that while the same place is hour. On the other hand, the op- being occupied by several societies, portunity can be defeated by a fail- other sections offer almost virgin ure to address ourselves unitedly to soil. In the same sectional confer- the entire task. The opportunity may ence a missionary reported that he be lost through an unholy insistence and his wife were stationed one ht1n- that each work without regard to dred miles from their nearest mis- others. It may be lost by a failure sionary neighbors. Surely coopera- to move together. It may be lost tion is needed in the occupation of through a prevalence of sectarian the field. Since men are saved spirit. Sectarian effort is doomed to through Christ rather than through failure in the Far East.

our distinctive views about Him, it All hail to the glad day that is should be our chief aim to see first dawning. The tide is rising; we can that all men have opportunity to not stop it. Thank God, we can not know Christ. stop it if we would! More and more In many places men have learned the Christian forces abroad are de- that God has not given a different termined that they will not go to the materia medica to Baptists, or Meth- bar of God responsible for presenting odists, or Presbyterians, and union a divided Christ to the non-Christian Christian hospitals flourish. Success- world. We are united in the aim to ful medical colleges appear almost give men Christ and His Word.

impossible without cooperation. The While we teach our own views loyal- same is true of real universities and ly, shall we not grant all men the in the production and distribution of right to interpret Christ for them- a worthy Christian literature. Some selves? LET US COOPERATE.

CJ,art, sJ,cwi.,g Sccieties at Wcr~

i., tbe Dar~ Co.,ti.,e.,t.

Map .howinl" areu in Africa under Protestant Mi••ionary influence. _ _ _ _ _ __ The initial, of the Mi..ion_" Societies with tho .. Indication Prepared by W. 1. W. Roome, Esq.• Editor of "The Lightbearer"

For the Explanation to the Initial Letters of Societies, see the World Atlas of Christian Misskms (Student Volunteer Movement, New York) . In Northeast Africa there were, in 1910, 16 Societies, with 296 Foreign and 818 Native Workers28 In Northwest 12 155 " 2,538 In Western 19 518 20 664 .. 2,217 In Southwest 52 1,589 22 403 .. 8,680 In South 20 648 .. 3,093 .. 2,962 In S. Central "

In East

A TYPICAL AUDIENCE OF MALAGASY CHRISTIANS, ISOAVINANDRIANA

These people came together for a quarterly meeting, and listened to addresses for four hours the day this picture was taken Cooperation In Madagascar THE UNIQUE WORK OF A UNITED DEPUTATION BY HENRY T. HODGKIN, M.A., M.B… LONDON Secretary of the Friends' Foreign Mission Association f]JI N the summer of 1913 among the great fields of missionary 00 a work was done in labor for its wonderful record of Madagascar which c~n bitter persecution bravely endured, claim to be almost, if and for the splendid service of its '*"" not quite, unique in pioneer missionaries. In no field have missionary his tor y . the advance of civilization and the spread of Christianity been more The results have so far justified the closely linked than in this great experiment as to encourage the hope island during the early part of last that it may be repeated in other century. Nowhere has an infant fields. church risen more nobly through se- Madagascar is honorably known

vere trial into a stronger and purer tioned. Owing to government ac- life. tion, it had become necessary to for- To-day the same church is facing mulate a definite constitution for this a situafion in some ways as perplex- council. The question arose thus ing as any among the older civiliza- from without, as to how far it would tions. Under a Government whose be possible to go in the direction of influence is steadily directed against complete union at the present stage aggressive Christian work, and which in the life of the Malagasy Church.

has succeeded in destroying nine- The work carried on by all three so- tenths of the mission schools in the cieties had, in the main, been com- island, with heathen practises reas- menced by the London Missionary serting themselves in localities long Society. When the Friends took up regarded as Christian, with the sys- work, nearly half a century ago, after tematic spread of materialistic and the close of the great persecution, immoral literature, threatened by the they took over churches which had steady growth of Islam in the north, previously been under the care of the and by the insidious danger due to London Missionary Society, and, lack of even elementary education on from this basis, extended and en- the part of many of its own mem- larged their work. Much the same bers, the church stands in great need state of things existed when, some of a wise and sympathetic leader- thirty years later, the Paris Mission ship, which shall help it to rise vic- began work there after the occupa- torious amid all these complex tion of the island by the French Gov- problems. ernment. Each mission had, how- In June, I9I2, the representatives ever, developed work on its own of the five European missionary so- lines, and so, altho there is still a cieties working in the island met to- fundamental unity and a close feder- gether in London to consider the ation in the work of the Isan Enim situation, and decided to recommend Bolana, there are three separate that their boards send out a united church organizations, each with its deputation to help the missionaries peculiar form of church govern- and the Malagasy leaders in facing ment, and emphasizing, to a certain the present situation. The societies extent, different aspects of Christian had an additional reason for taking truth.

this step. The Isan Enim Bolana, or Early in the summer of 1913 three Six Months' Meeting, of the churches representatives from each of these connected with the London Mission- three societies left for Madagascar, ary Society, the Friends' Foreign and, in addition, the Anglican Mis- Mission Association, and the Paris sion (S. P. G.) had designated Bishop Missionary Society, has for many King of Madagascar to represent years exercised a double function, as them in joint conferences, the Nor- an advisory council in church mat- wegian Mission had appointed their ters for these three churches, and as superintendent in Madagascar, Mr.

a missionary society extending its Bjertnes, and Mr. Torwick, and Dr.

work to the far parts of the island Dyrnes had similarly been chosen by where no foreign missionary is sta- the home boards of the United Lu-

VIEW OF TANANARIVE (ANCmNT ANTANANARIVO), THE CAPITAL OF

theran Church of America and the be truly successful. There was a American Lutheran Board of Mis- great spirit of expectancy, there was sions, respectively. These seven mis- a deep sense of the importance and sions comprise all the non-Roman timeliness of the visit, and there was Catholic societies working in Mada- the heartiest cooperation on the part gascar, and plans were made for of all, both missionaries and Mala- complete cooperation in any discus- gasy.

sions which might take place. The Method Adopted Throughout the visit the most per- The first week or ten days was de- fect harmony prevailed among the voted to meetings of welcome in representatives of the various mis- Tananarive, to the perfection of ar- sions. The first welcome to the rangements for visits in the country, shores of Madagascar was given by" and for the final conferences, to a the representatives of the French preliminary discussion of the main Church at Majunga, among whom subjects for mutual conference, and were young men educated in the the issue of a full agenda to be London Missionary Society and the studied by each missionary prior to Friends Mission schools in the capi- the meeting of the joint conference.

tal. The first service, attended by the In these discussions Malagasy opin- bulk of the deputation who were trav- ion was carefully consulted, and, eling together, was an Anglican ser- altho it did not seem possible to have vice at Tamatave, conducted by Arch- Malagasy representation in the main deacon MacMahon, of the Society for conference at the close, several spe- the Propagation of the Gospel. On cial meetings were held with native arrival in the 'capital, there was a full leaders, and the fullest confidence conference between the various mis- was established and maintained. A sion representatives and leading mis- month or si.x weeks was then devoted sionaries. Together the deputation to a thorough visit of the country, waited upon the governor-general. each deputation concentrating on the During the closing weeks of the visit a district occupied by its own mission, series of united gatherings were con- tho taking opportunities of visiting ducted with the greatest harmony, the stations of others. After return- and with the happiest results. ing to the capital, some time was In preparation for the visit an spent in completing the inspection of exhaustive list of questions had been the institutions there, and in confer- drawn up, and these were answered p.nce between each deputation and with the utmost care by a number of the missionaries and Malagasy con- missionaries and committties. Type- nected with the particular mission.

written copies of the matter arising All this prepared the way for a out of these replies had been studied well-informed and practical discus- and discust together by members of sion of the main problems with which the deputation, and, most important all the missions are faced. The of all, prayer had been offered for closing days were, therefore, devoted months beforehand all over Mada- to joint conference, and to great mass gascar, and by many persons at meetings with the Malagasy Chris- home, that the visit might prove to tians, who were assembled in thousands from the country districts for of God in the hearts of these people, the half-yearly gat her i n g s of and with a great hope for the future churches connected with the three of the church in Madagascar. Such sister missions. Before the deputa- an impression is deepened by the intions left, it was possible to lay be- timate knowledge of some of the fore the Malagasy some of the main Malagasy leaders, men of spiritual conclusions of the conference, and and intellectual power, humble, and the fact that one or another acted as yet courageous, showing an eager despokesman, and presented the views sire to learn from the missionary, of all the seven missions made a very combined with a healthy sense of indeep impression on the Malagasy, dependence and growing strength. and demonstrated the actual unity we One's only regret is that there are BOYS' SCHOOL IN TANANARIVE-FRIENDS' FOREIGN MISSION ASSOCIATION had in Christ in a way which had not more such men in this hour of never before been witnessed in the danger and opportunity in the life island. The great meetings at the of the Church of Christ in Madaclose of the visit were impressive gascar. beyond words. As thousands listened for hours together to difficult ad- As to the practical results of this dresses delivered through" an inter- unique series of conferences, seldom preter in an atmosphere which has a similar gathering been able to would have driven a Western audi- accomplish so much in 'so short a ence out of the church, as they fol- space of time. Little time was given lowed closely the various points to mere talking. Half an hour in made, and as one felt the deep spiri- the middle of the morning was spent tual response which was given to the in devotion; and one evening was message, all the visitors were deeply taken up with a careful presentation, imprest with the reality of the work by a delegate from each mission, of the point of view of his own communion in approaching the question who kneeled beside him, but each of Christian unity, and his thought as detennined, above all else, to be true to the contribution which that com- to Christ, and, knowing that, we were munion had to make to the church one great fellowship of His discilife of Madagascar. This session was ples. Ve left the room with minds and hearts occupied not with our differences, but with our great under- lying unity in which we were secure- ly bound together into one living Body in our great Head.

Setting aside these experiences, which are too deep for many words, and which can not fail to have re- sults more far-reaching than any- thing else done by the conference, we can classify its work under the fol- lowing heads, and thus give some idea of its far-reaching significance.

The Evanll'elization of the Island NON-CHR[ST[AN NATIVE OF MADAGASCAR While the central plateau of Mada- gascar has for many years been ocone of the most impressive meetings cupied by missionary forces, and has ever attended by any who were pres- a relatively larger Christian commuent. There was perfect frankness nity, there are many parts of the on the part of each. There was no island which must still be classed as attempt to minimize differences or unevangelized. Spasmodic visits have to make compromises. Each stood been paid. The native missionary his ground and stated what he be- society has sent its agents into a lieved God had given to him. At the number of outlying posts, and done a close a deep hush fell on all. The good tho scattered work. Certain chairman called for prayer. There ports have been occupied, such as was no place for a discussion of dif- Tamatave, Fort Dauphin, and Tulear. ferences. We had reached a place But, generally speaking, the larger where we knew that we were one in part of the area must be classed as Christ. Round His feet we gathered, "unoccupied." The missions faced each strong in convictions which together the great task which still might appear to be diametrically op- confronted them, and took the naposite to those of the man or woman tive missionary society into close consultation. They looked at the task as a whole, realizing something of its urgency in view of the ad- vance of Islam on the northwest, and the spread of materialism from the center. They met in a spirit of mu- tual understanding, each anxious to avoid the duplication of work on the sions agreed to the boundaries deone hand, and the passing by of any fining the area which each should section of country on the other. As seek to occupy, and adopted a resoa result, practically the whole of the lution which lays down the lines of island was mapped out. The native procedure in case of churches in missionary society agreed to a modi- Imerina wishing to pass from the fication of its policy, looking to a care of one mission to that of andefinite concent~ation on one area. other. It can not but come as a The foreign societies agreed to cer- strong call to the supporters of the A GROUP OF CHRISTIAN MALAGASY AND THE FRIENDS' FOREIGN MISSION DEPUTATION Taken at Arivonimanno. Secretary Henry T . Hodgkin is standing at the right tain geographical limits, and each various societies at home to know stated its ambition to occupy a por- that the share which they are called tion of territory which no other so- upon to take in this advance is part ciety contemplated entering. Already of a well-considered policy, in which two or three of the societies have all are agreed, for the speedy occulaid plans for advance in accordance pation of the entire field. with this well-considered scheme, and there is reason to hope that in five or Education and Training of Leader. ten years' time practically each part of this vast unoccupied area will A large amount of time was given have seen the beginnings of organ- to the consideration of other importized missionary effort. All the mis- ant questions. The action of the Government, by which a large proportion of the mission schools have to all the societies, and everything is been dosed, has created an urgent to be gained by cooperation in facing and dangerous situation. Twenty these questions. There are also the years ago a large body' of young difficulties due to the over-emphasis on teaching the French language in the curriculum, the problems con- nected with the education of a child race, and the question of industrial and technical training. The confer- ence agreed to the formation of a , Joint Consultative Board of Educa- tion to "consider questions of educa- tional policy, school-management and teaching method, and give advice to the missions on these subjects, as may be necessary."

All agreed that there is now no more important problem in Mada- gascar than the training of leaders for the native church. Already two missions are· cooperating in this work, A CROWD AFTER CHUBCH AT MIANTSOARIVO and a third is considering the possi- bility of entering the union. Perpeople was being trained in mission . schools throughout the country.

Practically every church building was being used in the week for a school-house, and the children of church-members who were not re- ceiving at least an elementary educa- tion was almost a negligible quantity.

Now the new Government schools,.

whose tendency is most frequently anti-Christian, are gradually replac- ing mission schools. Many children are, however, unprovided for, the total number at school being many less than it was before the Govern- ment action. The danger which threatens the church is, therefore, that its members generally will have little or no education, and that some GIRLS' HIGH SCHOOL, FARAVOHITRA of them will have received what lit- tle they have with a strong anti- haps the most noteworthy was the Christian bias. There is, also, a large proposal on the part of the Paris range of educational ground comm6n Mission to open a higher school in

IN MADAGASCAR 43

the capital for boys who have com- made a deep impression. Great empleted their course in the existing phasis was laid by the conference high schools carried on by the various on the moral and spiritual side of missions. Already the Paris Mis- this problem, and of the kindred one sion is undertaking the normal training for all missions in the last year MADAGASCAR. of the brevet course. With the exception of this work and the theo- .s"''"''',s, 4e",""'~o't' 01 ClIno.. logical courses, there is no Christian education of a college grade, the ac- 'oc.',"u'n ;"e… ",.oehto……" tion of the Government having prac- t?!:to'tO,7 ~(lc."'c.e.!t . tically cut out the higher departments of the schools in town. Now ~,:>. the way seems clear for the opening of such a school or college. The Paris Society proposes to take full responsibility in the matter, while the other missions have agreed not to open competing schools, and to give what help they may be able In teaching, and in sending pupils.

The Malaguy Church Having behind it a history of nearly 'one hundred years, and hav- ing been developed under the guid- ance of such wise and far-seeing missionaries, it is not wonderful to find that the Malagasy Church is reaching the point at which a much SOCIETtES AT WORK larger responsibility for its own work Friends' Foreign Mission Association (British). Society for the Propagation of the Gospel (Angli· can be taken over by it. It is now can). Norwegian ~'Iissionary Society (Norwegian) .

possible to plan missionary policy United Lutheran Church of America. Lutheran Board of Missions (American), with the distinct aim of ultimate Paris Missionary Society (SociHe des Missions W.ithdrawaI, not S.ImpIy as a dI' stant LoEnvdaonngeMliqIsusei)o.nary Society. I'deaI, but " Sihgt. The prob- " Isan Enim Bolana (Malagasy Missionary Society). as now 10 lem is what particular path to take, of union. Everywhere it was found which steps to take first, and at what that the Malagasy leaders responded rate it is safe to proceed. The con- to the idea of a united and indepel1d- ference decided to lay the whole ent Malagasy Church. Many of question before the Malagasy lead- them, however, were fearful lest the ers, and, at the half-yearly meeting pace be too much accelerated, and, of the three sister churches, the indeed, as consideration was given to deputation made a public statement the problem, it became evident that, on the question of self-support and until many more leaders were raised self-government, which evidently up and trained, there would be grave

danger in pressing forward too rapid- that it seemed inevitable that a Jy. At the same time, there are a Continuation Committee should be number of able and consecrated lead- formed. There was never any ers in the Malagasy Church, and it thought of giving this committee any was quite clear that a distinct for- executive function. It was called ward move could be made. into existence to perpetuate the spirit The question of a constitution for of the conference, to consider Mada- the Isan Enim Bolana came up for gascar as a whole, to act, when re- consideration. It was not posiible quired, as -a Board of Reference, to finally to ratify this, but there was facilitate cooperation, to keep in much discussion, and a draft agreed touch with the Edinburgh Continua- upon carried the federation a stage tion Committee, and "to serve as a further than anything hitherto at- means whereby the Christian forces tempted. The three societies agreed in Madagascar may express them- in the principle of full- interchange of selves unitedly when they so desire."

membership. This involves, on the One mission did not see its way at part of two, the acceptance as full once to join in the committee, but members, with equal rights in the hopes to be able to do so shortly, its church of persons who may not have members in the meantime attending been baptized, and who do not par- the sittings of the committee.

take of the Lord's Supper. In the During the visit of the deputations Friends' Church there are many who a great deal was accomplished in the do use these outward rites. But conferences of the several missions.

there is full liberty to abstain on the Much was done by informal discus- part of any who feel conscientiously sions on the part of the deputations, unable to ·partake. This liberty will and with missionaries and Malagasy now be exercised in all the three leaders, which can not even be sum- churches. At the same time, in marized here. Statements made and those individual churches in which addresses given at the huge meetings no provision is now made for the of the Isan Enim Bolana, and at use of these rites, such provision will numberless smaller gatherings, pro- be made in the event of persons re- duced a deep spiritual effect. The moving from other churches, and very fas;t of the visit being paid, the who ask for such provision. While long and difficult journey taken, the the constitution can hardly be said separation from families and friends, to provide as yet for a full union of the number and position of those the three churches, it certainly is a who came, all made a very deep im- notable step in that direction. pression upon the people. There can The Continuation Committee be no doubt that the experiment has amply justified itself, and that those So near did the members of the who took part in it unite in the hope conference come to one another in that simultaneous deputations may those days, so loving and fruitful become a recognized mlsSlOnary was the fellowship established, and method where conditions are favor· so clearly desirable its perpetuation, able.

A Cultured Missionary

JAMES S. DENNIS, AND HIS SERVICE TO THE WORLD BY ROBERT E. SPEER, NEW YORK N OUT thoughts of Dr. they would first write me. I also proposed lJI Dennis the real great- to them that, if they felt inclined on reach- ness of the w 0 r k ing home, they should write a resolution as follows: "Resolved, that if the Lord will . which he did, and of give me grace, I will be a missionary." One little boy, James S. Dennis, did write such ~ the influence which, a resolution, as I learned thirteen years afterward (September 23, 1868), when more or less uncon- r went to Newark to give the charge at his sciously, he exerted, is accompanied ordination, and was a guest in his house. and almost obscured at times by the Mrs. Dennis told me that, in October, 1855, her son Jimmy came home from hearing loveliness of his character and life. me speak, went to his room, and soon after brought her a written resolution: From his childhood he had the quali- "Resolved, that if God will give me grace, ties of considerateness, of gentleness, r will be a missionary." She said to him, of purity, of friendliness, which grew "James, you are too young to know what you will be." "Yes," he said, "I did not with his growth, and made his com- say r will be, but, 'if God gives me grace, panionship an unclouded pleasure to r will be.''' "And now to-day you are to all who were associated with him. give him his ordination charge as a mis- sionary to Syria!" From his childhood, also, he had the Surely the Lord must have inspired me gravity and seriousness which filled to make that suggestion when I did, for Dr. Dennis has done more for the cause all his work with conscience and of foreign missions than almost any other living man. We have always been dear and truth. He grew up in a home of intimate friends, and, in Syria, where he labored for twenty-three years, he is be- comfort and wealth and Christian loved by all who knew him. His Arabic works, "Christian Theology" (two volumes, faith, and the missionary purpose 8vo), "Evidences of Christianity" (one volume, 8vo), "Scripture Interpretation" came to him as a child, as it had (one volume, 8vo), are classics in Arabic theological literature. come to Coleridge Patteson and to Every quality displayed by the James Chalmers. Dr. Henry H. Jes- child ripened in the character of the sup, who was to be for hlany years man-his earnest, 'thoughtful con- sideration of his duty, his prompt ac- one of his fellow missionaries and in- ceptance of it when it was clear to timate friends, tells, in his autobiog- him, his gentle but firm adherence to it, his calm confidence in the will of raphy, how the mtsslOnary call God, his lack of all unreal feeling, touched the boy of thirteen: of all mock heroics, and his simple recognition that whatever work God On the 27th of October, 1855, I attended the morning missionary prayer meeting at Union Theological Seminary, and met some of the beloved brethren who were expect- ing to go abroad; Harding (India), White (Asia Minor), Byington (Bulgaria), and Kalopothakes (Athens).

The next day I spent in Newark, N. J., in the church of that scholarly and saintly man, Rev. J. F. Stearns, D.D. I preached in the church, addrest the Sunday-school, and promised to write to the scholars if

had for him to do was the one thing longed to aNew School congrega- about which he should feel concern. tion-tho he had taken his theologi- In all these things the boy was father cal course in an Old School seminary, to the man. as many missionaries who went out James Dennis was born in New- under the American Board had done ark, New Jersey, on December 15, -he had offered himself to the 1842. His father was interested in American Board. In 1870 the New the early railroad development of the School and Old School churches State, and the family relationships were reunited, and with the reunion were such that the boy knew the and the withdrawal of the New people worth knowing and felt about School churches from the support of his life the most stimulating and re- the American Board, the latter trans- fining influences. He was sent to ferred to the Presbyterian Board sev- Princeton College, and was graduated eral of its missions, which had been in the class of r863. From the col- largely staffed from the Presbyte- lege he went to the seminary in the rian churches, Syria among them.

class of 1867, One of the most re- This brought James S. Dennis into markable missionary classes ever his own relationship with the Pres- graduated from the institution. Out byterian Board.

of its seventy matriculates, it gave In Syria he mastered Arabic and Baldwin to. Turkey, Butler to China, devoted himself to the work of theo- Dennis to Syria, Douglas (afterward logical instruction. He had to create Member of Parliament and Senator his tools, and prepared in Arabic a in Canada), and Heyl and Wherry to statement of Christian doctrine which India, Thomson to Mexico, and has been used until the present day.

Chamberlain to Brazil. That same It was not a translation of anyone class gave Richard C. Morse to be American book, but was a selection the leader of the Y. M. C. A. of of what cpmmended itself to Dr.

North America, Dean Griffin to Dennis from many books, welded to- Johns Hopkins University, Bloom- gether by his own mind and heart.

burgh to Lafayette College, Spar- He was a man of open and receptive hawk Jones and Henry H. Stebbins mind, but thoughtfully and earnestly to the home ministry, and not less . devoted to the firm body of evangeli- than eight men to the home mission- cal truth, and while he witnessed ary service. without fear the shifting change of From this training and fellowship emphasis and the new modes of Dr. Dennis went, in January, 1869, thought which were at variance with to Syria, which was then a mission his own mood, but in which he looked of the American' Board of Commis- carefully for what he could see to be sioners for Foreign Missions, through true, he abode in the central con- which the New School Presby- victions of the New Testament with terian churches, which had sep- a reasoned and confident faith.

arated from the Old School in 1838, In 1892 he was called home by were making their missionary con- business responsibilities. His going tributions and sending their mission- was deeply lamented. He was one ary recruits. Since James Dennis be- who made himself lleloved wherever

A CULTURED MISSIONARY SCHOLAR

he was. He had done so in Syria. penditure a missionary contribution, The word "Dennis," in its Arabic as indeed it was. The work consti- sound, had an unfavorable signifi- tutes our most massive missionary cance, and he was, accordingly, al- production, and while it has not ways called "Ennis," meaning gentle lacked, as no such undertaking could or affable. His characteristic friend- lack, its critics, both friendly and liness had borne its fruitage in the hostile, it remains a storehouse of love of his associates for him. But facts and evidence and a monument it was necessary to return to Amer- to the industry, the calm faith, the ica, and he never went back again to tireless and conscientious patience, Syria. He settled in New York, and the breadth of mind, and the glowfor some time, during periods of ing benevolence of its author. special need, served as one of the corresponding secretaries of the Dr. Dennis's other most distinctive Board, and even after the discon- service to the mission cause was his tinuance of this service, for some time work in connection with missionary did a good part of the editorial work statistics. At his own expense he of the Board. His freedom from mis- compiled and issued a centennial sursionary duty and his ample means did vey of missions in connection with not entice him into any selfish or indo- the Ecumenical Missionary Conferlent life. He had already conceived ence in New York in 1900. It was the idea of his great missionary book the most comprehensive and authoriand apologetic treatise, in which the tative collection of missionary statisrelation of Christian Missions to So- tics which had ever been made. A cial Progress should be set forth, committee, of which he was chairwith its incidental proof of the divine man, undertook and completed a simipower of the gospel in human life. lar task in connection with the World He set out to gather first-hand testi- Missionary Conference in Edinburgh mony from all the mission fields. An in 1910. In such work no toil was immense correspondence grew up. too great, and no expense to be The material, as it came in, was clas- spared, if it was necessary to secure sified and re-classified, worked over, needed information or to guarantee written out and re-written. He em- accuracy. In the collection and preployed competent help. He gener- sentation of missionary statistics he ously recognized all the labor spent erected new standards of what can by others. As he went on, his un- and ought to be done. dertaking expanded, so that the material, while used in lectures in But neither the absorption of his Princeton, Lane, Auburn, and West- great apologetic task, nor the burdenern (Pittsburgh) Theological Semi- some cares of the statistician, monnaries, far exceeded the bounds of a opolized his activity. He was conlecture course, and ultimately ap- stantly producing missionary articles peared in three great volumes. He of a high order as by-play, and enspent a great deal of his own money tering in the most active way into all in publishing the books, as well as in the work of missionary administrapreparing them, and counted this ex- tion. For twelve years after his re- turn from Syria his name was still carried on the rolls of the .Syria

Mission in. all the reports of the articles no one but he could have Board, and he was constantly in the written, especially several which ap- offices of the Board in consultation peared anonymously in 1889, dealing with regard to its work. In 1904 he with the missionary enterprise in the became a member of the Board and Turkish Empire. In all that he served on its Conul1ittee on Syria, wrote, as in the man himself, there is Persia, and Africa, first as a member not one judgment, not one word, and then as chairman, and no mem- which is unkind or harsh or unfair. ber of any Board could have per- He always spoke the truth as he saw formed his duty more devotedly, in- it, but he always saw it in love. telligently, and winningly than Dr. Dennis. He was ever ready, also, to Dr. Dennis was naturally of a calm advise any missionary cause and to aid any missionary interest. When and controlled spirit, but not impas- Dr. Boegner, of the French Evan- sive. He was all eagerness and ingelical Society, was in America in terest, and as ready to enter into other 1911, seeking to interest friends in people's thoughts as to express his the support of the work of the own. And especially was he full of French Society; after the disestab- a rich and unfearing Christian hope. lishment of religion in France had The bits of verse which he inscribed thrown new and heavy burdens on upon the title pages of his books reall the churches there, Dr. Dennis yeal him. The three following were was his closest adviser, and when his placed, one in each of the three volerrand seemed about to have failed, umes of "Christian Missions and So- Dr. Dennis stept forward-altho he was the most modest of men-to take . cial Progress": the leadership which was required. The new age stands as yet His doing it, and the way of his Half built against the sky, doing it, were more than good Dr. Open to every threat Boegner could speak of without mois- Of storms that clamor by; ·tened eyes. Scaffolding veils the walls, Alld dim dust floats and falls, Beside this active participation in As, moving to and fro, their tasks the missionary administration, Dr. Dennis masons ply. was a prolific missionary writer. His -William Watson. first book, "Foreign Missions After a Century," appeared in 1893; then Thus, with somewhat of the Seer, followed the "Centennial Statistics," and three volumes of "Christian Mis- Must the moral pioneer sions and Social Progress," of which From the future borrow: mention has been made; in 1908 came Clothe the waste with dreams of grain, "The New Horoscope of Missions," And, on midnight's sky of rain, the course of lectures delivered in Paint the golden morrow. McCormick Theological Seminary in 1907, and in 1913 "The Modern Call -John Greenleaf Whittier. of Missions," a collection of his best missionary articles. Some of these God works in aU things, an obey His first propulsion from the night; Wake thou and watch! the world is gray With morning light.

Aid the dawning, tongue and pen; Aid it, hopes of honest men; Aid it paper, aid it type; Aid it, for the hour is ripe.

A TWICE-BORN TURK

AntI his last book bore on the title that that purpose involved in his large page the lines: conception of it. For years Mrs. Dennis has been an invalid, and it Wider and wider yet was a surprize to many that he was The gates of the nations swing; called onward before her; but it would have been like him to see the good- Clearer and clearer still ness of God in allowing him to go The wonderful prophecies ring: forward to prepare a place for her, if he could no longer minister to her Go forth, ye hosts of the living God, here. Ministry to her and ministry And conquer the earth for your King! to the world ministry of Christianity had been the consuming service of And it closed with the lines: his life. He lived and died in what he himself described as "the convic- o Father! haste the promised hour tion that world-wide missions repre- sent in their prospective influence, When at His feet shall lie their varied activities and full sig- All rule, authority, and power nificance, the divine ideal of Chris- tian service for all mankind." Beneath the ample sky, When He shall reign from pole to pole, The Lord of every human sou1."

To the fulfilment of this prayer Dr. Dennis unreservedly devoted his life. He had no other interests than those of true friendship and of the evangelization of the world, with all A Twice-born "Turk"–Part IX THE REMARKABLE REMINISCENCES OF A CONVERTED MOSLEM SHEIKH TRANSLATED BY ARTHUR T. UPSON, CAIRO, EGYPT Superintendent of the Nile Mission Press Baptism at Last ceremony, and baptized me with water, while the Lord baptized me URING the week in with His Holy Spirit. To Him be praise for this great salvation by mD which I came to Cairo H is precious blood. the Church Council met and questioned me Some who heard of my baptism ~ concerning. my faith. told the students in El-Azhar, and They decided to post- they informed one of the Sheikhs. pone my baptism for a time, lest the He collected a number of other news of such a step would cause my Sheikhs and merchants, and all came wife's people to forbid her coming to to meet me, and invited me to go in Jam me. When my boy ran away, for a talk. We sat down, and the however, I knew that he would inform Sheikh who was the head of the all my people that I had become a deputation spoke to me with all sorts Christian, so that there was no rea- of adulation and hypocritical praise, son to delay the matter longer. The stating that they had verified the fact missionaries, therefore, arranged the

of my lineage, and therefore my bap- given me, there is no virtue in that.

tism was a crushing blow and had All virtue is of God, and I must broken their hearts. For half an alone praise Him, but the rest is hour I was listening to his nonsense, without any basis whatever, and I offering a prayer to God for wisdom. have no pleasure in lies. As for When the Sheikh left off speaking, I what you say about my lineage, this said: "And now, what are you wish- and all earthly relationships now no ing with this assembly?" longer concern me, nor can I boast They replied with one voice : "We of it, for it is all of the dust and· only wish your welfare in this world unto dust shall it return, for your and the next, and that you may re- Koran says, 'There will be no gene- tain your religion and your humanity. alogies among you in that day, the We know that the missionaries have day of resurrection.' As for your led you astray through the large sum wish to seek my welfare, may God of money they offered you in your reward you with good, and know that necessity. We ask you kindly not to I wish for you as much as you wish give them back a cent of what they for me. As for the statement that have paid you, but we are prepared the missionaries have beguiled me by to secure for you an appointment in offering me money at the time of my any good business establishment you great need, let me only say that you wish." have fabricated lies against the mis- The Sheikh then put his hand to sionaries, and you at the same time his pocket and brought out a hand- have advised me to commit robbery.

kerchief full of coins, saying :"Kindly "May God forgive you for saying receive this one hundred pounds, put that they have deluded me, for I am it in your pocket, for it is your not one of the deluded ones. It is property." true I was never in need of money "Whence is this money that is until I decided to become a Christian given to me so unexpectedly?" I and came to Egypt, nor did my needs asked. "I can not receive it until I increase until you, 0 Sheikh, ab- know from whom and for what pur- ducted my son. If Christ had not pose you have given it to me." told us to 'swear not at all,' I would "Your brethren, the Moslems, have have sworn to you that on the day of collected it privately," he said, "in my baptism I tasted no food, not be- order to relieve you from the yoke cause I had decided to fast, but be- of the missionaries. All you have to cause I possest no money on that do is to write two lines, in which you day, for my boy stole the remainder clear yourself from everything that of my small salary when he ran away has been asserted of you in the way from me. After all this, will you say of conversion to Christianity, so that that they have led me astray with we may publish it in one of the money?

papers." "As for your offer of a hun- I became very angry, and replied: dred pounds, and your promise of "In reply to all the Sheikh has said high positions if I will only disown as your spokesman, so far as the my religion, I am surprized at you.

praise and flattery that you have You have profest to raise me to a

A TWICE-BORN TURK

very exalted position; but, by offer- "Sit down again," I said, "and ing me money as a bribe, in order to listen to what I am going to say to betray my conscience, you have put you and them." me beneath the level of the dogs. I then called aloud: "The happiest "May God forgive you for these and most blest hour of my life will wicked insults, which have reached be the hour in which I am killed as a the extreme of all contemptibleness, martyr, for I shall then go straight as tho you thought religion and to heaven to be with Christ in the faith were merchandise to be sold eternal glory. I do not think, howand bought. If I had been one of ever, that God will allow you to do those that money or position would this, for it is His purpose that I buy, I would have remained in my should serve the Moslems while a own country as a Sayid, having my Christian, even as I used to serve hands kissed by the people, where I them while a Moslem. The Lord of could have obtained money from Peace will be with me always." various sources. Then I left them and came away. "Finally, that if you wish to pro- Narrator: I then said to him, "Do cure my salvation from eternal per- you think that they will do anydition as much as I wish yours, then thing?" collect together the chief of your "The religion was begun and prolearned men. I am prepared to meet pagated with the edge of the sword," them, and to expose their fallacies, he replied. "It is not unthinkable and to show the falseness of the that its people should carry out its views you are now holding. If principles; but I am not afraid of they clearly convince me of the fal- their childish threatenings, for I have sity of my faith, I shall return to in my heart unchangeable peace. He Islam speedily, and that without bri- on whose side is the Creator need bery." not fear the creature." Narrator: Some months passed be- "A very good thought, indeed!" fore I saw him again. He was comthe Sheikh answered. "Let such a ing out of a house toward evening, meeting be held in my house." and we sat down together while I asked what had happened since we "All right," I answered, "on con- last parted. He smilingly resumed dition that I am accompanied by two his story. officers, one from the Egyptian Gov- Sheikh: Not many days after my ernment and one from the English." son had left me, letters came from my friends in Syria, asking the truth of "Why such a condition ?" asked what my boy had reported. They all the Sheikh. urged me to answer quickly, as to my reasons for becoming a Christian. "For protection against the loss of In order to save time, I wrote my my warm blood," was my reply. Confession of Faith, showing, briefly, the chief reasons for my conversion, They then whispered together, and and how I found the truth in the one of them came aside and whis- Scriptures after searching long m pered to me, "This company is wishing to appoint some one to attack you secretly, unless you will agree to write a notice in one of the Islamic papers."

the chief religions. This paper was matter of divine providence and en- printed, and I put a number of copies tirely supernatural.

in separate envelops, and sent them Sheikh: Praise be to God, our to everyone who had addrest me on generous Lord, who has never failed the subject. and will never fail, to care for his Arrival of His Wife humble servant.

My wife was continually sending Peace in Believing me letters, asking for traveling ex- Narrator: Vould you tell me some- penses, so that she might come to thing about your spiritual condition Egypt. I sent her the money, but while living with your family?

she replied that her family and all Sheikh: I thank God and praise the people of the town had prevented Him with all my heart that I have her from coming. been born again with the new birth, I entirely surrendered my case to and the old nature has been crucified, Almighty God, and prayed to Him and I have risen again, not by my by the only intercessor, namely, the own means, but by Him who saved Beloved Savior, who had promised me by His blood. My evil dispo- not to send away any who came to sitions have been altered and I have, ask Him. Many of my Christian by degrees, obtained a new character, brethren and sisters, Egyptians and for my former haughty pride has also English and Americans, joined been changed to humility, and my hot me in my petition, and God granted temper to clemency, and my evil our request in spite of every diffi- thoughts to chastity, and my covet- culty. My wife once more sent a re- ousness to contentment, my hastiness quest for traveling expenses, that she to patience, and my rebelliousness to might come at once, and as I had a obedience; in short, God has replaced firm belief that God had answered most of my evil traits of character by our prayers I sent the traveling ex- new and praiseworthy ones, through penses immediately. Soon she and His Holy Spirit; while as to the re- the boy arrived. Now her guidance maining traits of character about into the truth depends upon God's which His Spirit rebukes me at times, answers to the prayers of many be- He will deliver me from those also, lievers through His grace and by the and hear' the prayers of my brethren'

action of the Holy Spirit. and co-workers in His vineyard, that Narrator: Was she not one of the I will have grace to overcome every bigoted Moslems, and is she not ac- temptation and fulfil all His holy de- quainted' with the doctrines of Islam? sires in me, that I may remain sted- Sheikh: Yes, she is one of the fast in Him and He in me for ever: most bigoted, and her family more If there had been no other evi- so. But God gave her such a strong dence that the Christian religion is purpose as to silence their opposition, the true religion of God, this great altho some of her friends threatened change in me would be sufficient evi- to have her put to death. dence to prove it.

Narrator: In that case it is very Narrator: Can not you find some- clear that her coming here was a thing like this in the Tariqa?

A TWICE-BORN TURK

Sheikh: As soon compare the sky My bodily death will only be a sleep with the ground. I admit that there by which I shall rest from work in is in the Tariqa of the Sufis a cer- this world, and from which I shall tain amount of partial change in the awake in the Kingdom of Heaven, character of its adherents. That is enjoying eternal life in the heavertly not by the Holy Spirit, but by bur- Jerusalem.

dening their followers with various As for my bodily condition, when exercises and penances, in spite of I was in my country in an exalted which no one finds real satisfaction; position among the Moslems, their but you can always find him afraid reverence being nothing but hypoc- of falling, and of a bad end, and per- risy and flattery, I might have made plexity is his lot at all times. He is much money, but it would have been assailed by doubts and imaginations, with remorse of conscience, which even tho he be of the established used to burn me sometimes like fire.

ones. He will find in himself an in- I was accustomed to spend very clination to fleshly lusts, even while freely upon unholy, sensual pleasures, trying to escape far from them. and I was generally heavily in debt He endeavors to keep at a distance at the end of the month. At present, from sin, for fear of falling into it, I receive only sufficient for the neces- and yet he is attracted by it, and this sities of myself and family, but you causes despair. find me rested in mind, enjoying only A truly regenerated Christian, on allowable pleasures, and sincerely re- the contrary, flees from the flesh and spected by my Christian brethren.

from sin' as man flees from con- As for my family, my wife now suming fire or from the roaring lion, believes that Christ is the greatest of and he hates sin as he hates death, or all the prophets, and she has seen al- rather he regards every sin as death ready many answers to her prayers itself. His special devotion is greater asked in His name. May God con- many times than his former pleasure tinue His work in her heart by His in sins, while he has in his heart great grace, that her faith may be peace and safety from all fears, both built upon a firm foundation. My of this world and the next. God is boy ran away to Syria on two occa- with him, and He is with God, wher- sions, but I trust that God will pre- ever and in whatever condition he vent it happening again. At present may be. "1 can not find any more ap- he is learning the trade of carpenter- propriate illustration of the differ- ing. God is able to guide him to ence between the regenerated Chris- Himself.

tian and the Sufi's self-righteousness I ask our gracious God, in the than the comparison of man as God name of our beloved Savior, to keep created him in His image, with a us stedfast in the true faith, that wooden imitation of a man in whom grace may grow in our hearts more there is no life at all. and more, that we may be enabled to I praise God at every moment for save many of our fellow men for the the joy which I can not express. All Holy Kingdom of Him who is the that I can say is that I have peace Way, the Truth, and the Life. Amen.

and safety, for Christ died for me. THE END

Ibiya-A West African

BY REV. ROBERT HAMILL NASSAU, D.O., LL.D. For Fifty Years a Missionary of the Presbyterian Board in West Africa EA]MONG the thousands had been ordained as ruling elders, of native Christians or were teachers, candidates, and with whom I was as- evangelists. The irregular teaching sociated during my made the ordination of some of them life in equatorial West only a far-off possibility, and their A f ric a were many education in English attracted Euromen and women who lived beautiful pean traders, who offered them polives. They held their quiet way in sitions as clerks at wages far beyond the midst of evil that stalks more what the mission could ever give. openly than it dares in Christian These were powerful seductions, to lands, and were pure and upright, which- most of them yielded. In their even tho they were without many of new positions the compulsory (in the "Means of Grace" by which men those days) handling of rum, even if are aided in civilized lands. A few they did not drink it, and the almost of these men were called into promi- inevitable Sunday work, broke their nence, because of their natural abili- good resolutions to maintain Christies. One whose memory I revere tian characters, and they sadly driftbecame the able, devoted, and effi- ed away. Ibiya was one of those cient pastor of a native church. His who resisted all such seductions. name was Ibiya, of Corisco. In the early history of the church From the very beginning of the of Corisco, the missionaries, almost Pre s by t e ri a n Mission in West of necessity, exercised the functions Africa the missionaries worked to of both preaching and ruling elders. raise up a native ministry; but no There was but one church organizaformal arrangements were made; tion on the island, located at the centhere was no regular curriculum; no tral station, Evangasimba, of which stated school; no designated teacher. Each missionary, from among the Rev. J. L. Mackey was pastor. At the employees of his station, or the school assistants, found some one northern and soutnern ends of the island, Elongo and Ugobi, were chapwhom he adopted as a protege, and els in which regular Sunday services were held, and the pastors, Messrs. to whom he gave special instruction. Clemens and Dettler, also were ruling The training was irregular, as to elders in the Evangasimba church.'" time, because of the missionary's many other duties. When I joined When I arrived in r861, Mr. Ibiya the mission, on Corisco Island, in was an elder in the Evangasimba September, 186r, each missionary had "This holding of ruling elderships by the mis· his special protege, some of whom sionaries finally becam~ all evil. resultinr in the abuse of power, church. He had been sent as an tually could not obtain wives. For evangelist to a point, Mbangwe, on them, marriage is indispensable. (I the northern shore of Corisco Bay, never knew, in the mission, an unabout eighteen miles from the island. married native woman, and but one He was married to an unusually bright voluntary male celibate!) The misyoung woman, who had been educa- sion, therefore, paid the "dowry" ted in Mrs. Mackey's Girls' School. price for a number of school-girls, Ibiya had already shown that he had and, as their guardians, allowed decompletely risen above native super- sirable C h r i s t ian young men to stitions and heathen practises, among choose each a wife from these, in which was a secret society for men. case the young woman also assented. The object of this society was the Mr. Ibiya had obtained his wife in government, especiaJly, of women, this way; but her parents' cupidity and the settlement of tribal disputes. was aroused, and they demanded that Knowing that their commands simply he should pay them for their daughas men would not be obeyed, the ter. Thereupon he advised the mismembers shrouded themselves with sion to give away no more wives, but secrecy and oaths, and a claim that to require the Christian young men the society's decrees were dictated by to repay, from their wages, the a spirit, Ukuku. Denial of this be- "dowry" that the mission had given. lief, or exposure of its secrets, was This advice was followed for some followed by instant death. All young years until abuses caused the entire men were initiated into this society, plan to be abandoned. By that time, and when any became a Christian, also, the church law had come into tho the Church required him to operation to the effect that Christian leave the society, it did not require parents should not "sell" their daugha revelation of its secrets. So com- ters into marriage. plete had been Ibiya's break from heathenism, however, that,. of his With an appreciation of the inown accord, he felt he ought to ex- dustrial side of Christianity greater pose the falsity of Ukuku. His life than was then understood by his miswas saved only by the prompt inter- sionary teachers, Ibiya, on his own vention of Messrs. Clemens and suggestion, inaugurated an agricul- Mackey, who had been accorded, by tural community at Mbangwe, where the Benga tribe, positions equal to Christians and others wishing to that of chieftainship. Ibiya was ad- emerge into civilization might escape vised not unnecessarily to antagonize from rum and other temptations of the heathen element, and yielded to trade. A large tract of land was the missionaries' advice. Something secured and diligently planted with was, I think, lost, in the moral effect cacao and palm trees and rubber of his brave action. vines, and here the settlers might work and escape from the inevitable Elder Ibiya showed his protest dishonest debts of the traders' "trust" against custom, also, in another way. system. Natives were obliged to Rich polygamists had so bought up carry their own products to the white young girls in the marriage-market, man, and were forced to take rum that some Christian young men ac- In payment. To such a plan no ob-

jection would now be raised by the saying :"What will you do if I should mission, but in those days the re- go away?" Just what he intended by former Ibiya was criticized by his that I do not know. But, Mr. Ibiya, white teachers for "commercializing" in his prompt, bold, and somewhat himself, consequently this helpful curt manner, took it as "a dare" and plan was abandoned. replied: "Go away, and we Bengas Man y yea r s after Ibiya was will take care of ourselves!" Not licensed as a preacher, and when, be- long after, in r877, Mr. De Heer did cause of deaths and removals to remove to Benita, and Mr. Ibiya was America, the Presbytery of Corisco appointed in charge of the Corisco was about to be without a quorum, church and school, and carried them Mr. Ibiya was ordained to the min- on successfully.

istry, on AprilS, r870, in order to Mr. Ibiya had four sons and save the organic life of the Presby- a daughter. One of the older sons, tery. who was wayward, and had fallen The location of the mission on an into drinking habits, was found dead island had been with the ideal in a ravine not far from his thought that the ocean would be free Mbangwehome. All that was known from the malaria of the mainland; was that he had been drinking with the three stations, Ugobi, for a an employee of the Spanish Adminis- Benga Boys' School; Evangasimba, trator on Elobi Island, and had gont for the church and a girls' school, on a journey with the latter to the and Elongo, for a mainland boys' mainland. That employee testified school, would relieve the sense ot that the young man was drunk, and isolation and afford comforting com- had fallen into the ravine. In his panionship. The educated Christian fatherly sorrow, Mr. Ibiya did not boys would be expected to go as believe that, and charged the em- evangelists to the mainland. But the ployee with having killed his son.

plan failed. The island proved as When the Administrator acquitted malarial as the mainland; the Benga his employee, Mr. Ibiya wrote him young men were not safe among the an indignant letter, and the Spaniard other tribes; and the mainland boys, punished him by exiling him to when they returned to their homes, prison on the island of Fernando Po.

were "prophets without honor." So The mission appointed me to write a the plan was abandoned. Ugobi's respectful letter there to the Gover- Benga school was combined with nor, who paroled Mr. Ibiya; and the Elongo; later, Evangasimba was pastor then diligently used his liberty transferred to Benita; leaving only in evangelistic itinerations on that Mr. and Mrs. De Heer at the one island. A year later he was released.

station, Elongo. Their removal, After Mr. Ibiya's death, the Cor- later, to Benita, was hastened by an isco affairs were carried on by na- act of Mr. Ihiya's. Mr. De Heer tives from Benita, until his youngest had preached an earnest sermon, son, Bodumba, completed his theo- urging the Bengas to more active logical course; and since his ordina- work, rehuking them for seeming to tion, he has continued his father's depend on white aid, and closing by work.

Progress In

BY REV. J. KRUIDENIER, CAIRO Missionary of the United Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., 1889 ~I NTERNAL peace and A campaign for raising money to aid external war have both Turkey was encouraged and wealthy Christians contributed, but beyond , resulted in good to the this no general movements were up- held. By Turkey's defeats men's cause of missions in minds became perplexed and many wondered not only at the pohtical Egypt. The disturbed course of events but also at their re- ligious significance. Moslem fatalism – condition which Lord faced the query: "What is becoming of Islam? Hath God forsaken the Kitchener found in the country, when Moslem? Victory no longer follows our religion." In consequence, en- Christians, and even Protestants, quirers of all kinds improved tllis state of doubt to learn for them- feared to speak their minds because selves.

of a universal dread of what Mos- No year in the history of lhe Egypt mission has found so many Moslems lem animosity might do, has been attending religious meetings or more willing to receive instruction in tlte followed by a regime requiring the word of God. Special meetings have been held for them at Assiut at burial of past differences. Both Minia, at Beni Suef, at Cairo, at Bilbeis, at Benboa, at Tanta, at Alex- Christians and Moslems have agreed andria and at smaller places. There have been audiences of considerable to live in peace. The firmness of the size gathered by the itinerant mis-_ sion .workers, Bible classes have been hand at the helm, the natural incli- taught at certain centers, scores upon scores of Moslems have been dealt nation of the people to yield rather with at hospitals, clinics, mission schools have been increasingly visited than incur displeasure, and the well- and individual missionaries have been privileged to meet many earnest known fruits of peace has brought seekers after truth who have visited them, like Nicodemus of old. In on a period of tranquility and of mu- some instances, this eagerness of some has stirred up the animosities tual respect. This has afforded an of others, and in Cairo and other centers a broken seat or pane of opportunity for true Christian ser- vice which the work in Egypt needed and improved. The attitude of Mos- lem, Copt and Protestant has in con- sequence been one of mutual re- spect and forbearance and has in many instances lead to a preaching and a hearing of the Gospel.

At the same time, events in Morocco and the war in Tripoli, followed so rapidly by the war in the Balkans, has affected Egypt not a little. Deep sympathies were stirred for their co- religionists, cooperation was hoped for and was planned among the Mos- lems, but the same firm hand that had initi~ted peace now maintained neutrality and thus guaranteed pros- perity to the· dwellers on the Nile.

glass has occasionally testified to the The Church Missionary Society, the presence of would-be disturbers of Egypt General Mission, the Nile Mis- the peace, yet the size of the crowds _ sion Press and others working in that have come to hear, their interest the field, as well as the American, in the questions under dispute, their United Presbyterian Mission have improved behavior over former years, participated in these signs of God's and the individual hearts deeply af- blessings. Weare encouraged to be- fected, all bespeak the Father's solici- lieve that God will visit Egypt with tude for His lost children. new signs and wonders and will yet This work is witnessed to by all fulfil His saving promise, "Blce'sed mission-agencies operating the field. be Egypt, my people."

An African View of the Gospel BY FRANK L. MYONGO, HAN]I, BENITO, WEST AFRICA A Native Pastor in the American Presbyterian Mission URELY God is here, two of his wives and live with only IU.- -.and He is working one. He said: "I am going to follow S great things among the Jesus Chtist. I can have nothing more to do with any but one wife." people of this nation. He told me that if these women did not soon find men to marry them he Altho this church is would let them go free without ask- weak and small, God is ing anything back for what he had paid for them. in it, using the weak instrument of Another man, by the name of His people in this church, working Agande, told me last March that he had given up three of his wives, one wonders by raising dead souls into of them with three children, which are a great treasure to the natives. spiritual life, gradually dispelling He said: "What more do I lack to be able to unite with the church?" darkness and ignorance. His employment is connected with the rum business-as a clerk in a fac- One man, who was a great drunk- tory handling rum-so I told him he must first abandon handling that ard, a vicious person, and had two deadly stuff.

wives, became a Christian. He sep- Christ Himself is, indeed, working through His light-bearers, and conarated from one and remained with ditions are changing. What joy and courage fill my heart to see these the other as his lawful wife. He people coming to Christ for the sal- vation of their souls. God is using gave up his evil habits, and is now His servants to save them.

an elder of the church, preaching at Nume congregation. He has com- pleted building a house of worship at his own expense, and he preaches without salary. His name is Majoka.

Another man, whose name is Jombe, was a polygamist. At the beginning of last year he called his three wives to the public house and told them that he had finished with his old life and must separate from

Christianity is Doing

the World * BY THE LATE SAMUEL B. CAPEN, M.A., LL.D. Formerly President of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions INETEEN hundred Let us look a little more closely at tJN years ago the fulness what Christianity has wrought. ., of time had come and 1st. Respect for Woman and her the world was ready Place in the World.-In nations where Christianity has not entered, for God's mp.ssage of woman has everywhere been de- graded and has been used as a slave I.. . love through Jesus and a drudge. It was once thought impossible for her to be taught, and . Christ. His life here that it would be easier to teach a cow to read. Girl babies were often was brief, only thirty-three years thrown away as of no value. If you asked a father how many children from Bethlehem to Calvary, and but he had, he would simply give the number of his boys. Woman was three of these were spent in His pub- kept in ignorance, and therefore was the more superstitious. One of our lic ministry; yet that life and that former missionaries to China, the Honorable Chester A. Holcomb, who death have changed the world. The afterward became Secretary of Lega- tion for the United States in Peking, nations then were full of selfishness, told me of his many conferences with Chinese officials upon this point. He licentiousness, and corruption; human contended that China would never be a great nation until she began to life was considered of little worth; it educate her girls. Now that great nation has begun to do this very was a world ruled by the law of thing. . . . force and not by the law of love. Where Christianity has entered The new message of Christ told us there is a growing recognition that woman is the equal of man in every of the Father's infinite love and of way. She should have the same legal rights. In the United States His eagerness to forgive every wan- she has now equal chances in educa- tion; the vast majority of teachers dering child who would return to in our public schools, and the presi- Him. It was a message of hope and dents of some of our largest col- leges, are educated women. Not cheer, it called all men to a life of long ago a woman professor in one of our women's colleges was called holiness. He told us that true great- to be the Professor of Philosophy in one of the greatest universities for ness consisted in service, and that there could be an immortal life of joy and of blest progress forever.

The years that we spend here, He further told us, were not the real life, but only the preparation for it; the real life is beyond. . . .

Nineteen centuries have gone by, and now England, Germany, and the United States, the three great Protes- tant nations, rule very nearly 600,000,- 000 people, and 82 per cent. of the ter- ritory of the world is controlled by Christian nations. The English lan- guage is becoming the universal lan- guage in the, student world, and Eng- lish literature is the language oj morality and of the noblest ideals.

• Extracts from an address at the Cente<nary of America's Christian connection with India, delivered in Bombay, 'Dr. Capen died in Shanghai on January 29, 1914.

men in the whole world. Where the wonderful work of John and Christianity has entered, universal re- Charles Wesley, and how under God spect is paid to her. In the stations they spiritually saved Great Britain of elevated railroads in Boston you in a' critical hour in her history. But will find this notice posted, "Women who molded the Wesleys and made first, please"; it is generally under- them what they were but their stood that they are to be given the mother? This is a truth in tens of best seats. The first institution God thousands of homes to-day in every made was the home, and woman as Christian land. . . . the mother of the children is the center of it. Christianity has made her 3rd. The Sacredness of the Sabthe queen there. • . . No wonder bath Day.-Every nation has had women love Christ, for it is His days of worship for its gods, but teaching which has lifted them to where there is no Christ these days their present proud position of in- are holidays, or days for revelling fluence. Perhaps there is no part of and debauchery. Christianity teaches missionary work of greater value that we are to "remember the Sabthan that which the Christian women bath day to keep it holy." Christ of the West have helped to do in honored the day by entering the creating homes for their sisters in sanctuary and considering the truths other lands. I use the word "create" of revelation; He made it a day of advisedly, as there is no home of mercy and of good to others. We the highest type except where the need the Sabbath day for our physireligion of Christ has come. Look cal needs; it is a necessity written at Grecian and Roman civilization by the Almighty in the constitution at its best, and see how degraded of every man. Some very interesttheir women were. When the re- ing experiments were made a little ligion of Christ came, the contrast time ago by a professor in one of was so great that a pagan orator of our great universities, in which, with the second century said, "What wo- the aid of a microscope, it was men these Christians have I" Chris- shown conclusively that it requires tianity gives to women her proper a certain number of hours to restore place, and her power, exhibited in the brain cell to its proper size and home life, is helping to re-shape the condition after severe fatigue. A nations. night's rest alone is not sufficient; there must be added to the rest of 2nd. Following what Christianity the night a longer cessation in order has done for woman, let us notice, as that the brain may recuperate. It almost a part of it, the Sacredness of has been well said, "We find the Marriage.-Where the principles of Fourth Commandment i nth e Christ have never entered, the mar- twentieth century echoed from the riage tie has been lightly held; plural biological laboratory with tremendous wives, wives of inferior rank, wives emphasis." Still more do we need kept and used as slaves, have been the Sabbath Day for our intellectual and spiritual needs; we need a day the rule. We know the wretched- when we can forget the field and ness and the degradation of it all. the shop and can cultivate that Compare this with Christian mar- which has to do with the deeper riage, one woman with one man, as things of life. No man can omit e~uals, as partners together for joy this without certainly and steadily or for sorrow, for better or for retrograding. One of the judges of worse, to the end of life. There our Massachusetts Supreme Court is love and devotion each for the has given splendid testimony by conother, a love which does not hesitate fessing that he, like many other pronor falter even unto death. The fessional men, had at one time in his mightiest force in the world to-day life given up the habit of going to is the Christian home. We know

WHAT CHRISTIANITY IS DOING FOR THE WORLD

church, thinking that nature and We confess with shame the imbooks would minister to him suffi- mense use that is still made of alcociently; but he declares that he be- holic drinks and the great amount came conscious under these condi- exported to curse other nations. In tions of a deterioration of his moral fact, intemperance has been parnature as he dwelt aloof from the ticularly a sin of the West, and you Church and its privileges, and he at in the East have been comparatively once resumed churchgoing. free from the evil. We recognize that commercial interests in America I have dwelt at such length on the and England have curst Africa and Christian Sabbath because it has been many parts of Asia with the blightthe institution that has had so much ing effects of alcohol in various to do in making the British Empire forms; it is a reproach to us, and we and America great. It is the very do not hesitate here and everywhere bulwark of our liberties. Destroy to speak our severest words of conthe sacredness of that day, let it demnation. But the moral forces of become what such days are in non- the nation are arrayed against the Christian nations, and the doom of saloon, and it is being treated more both Great Britain and America and more as an outlaw and a conwould be written…. stant peril. Even since I was a boy 4th. Duty of Personal Purity.-It there has been an almost complete revolution in social customs. The was Christ Who first laid supreme Christian Endeavor Convention, in emphasis not only upon the outer its session last July, declared as its conduct, but also upon the inner motto, "A saloonless United States thought. His word was, "Blessed in 1920," which will be the three hunare the pure in heart, for they shall dredth anniversary of the landing of see God." He taught the world that the Pilgrim Fathers on Plymouth the sin of lust is in the thought of Rock. the heart, and that this comes before the outward act. "As a man 6th. Public Schools. – Wherever thinketh, so is he." We know the Christ comes and the Spirit of God awful immoralities permitted in non- changes the human soul, there is not Christian lands-not only permitted, only a spiritual but a mental change. but often encouraged in the name of Men's intellectual faculties are quick- ened, and they desire knowledgereligion. No man can be a Chris- knowledge of God first, and then tian, however, who does not strive knowledge of God's world and of for a clean heart and a pure life…. truth in every realm. Even under Christianity is a religion of purity. the Mosaic law children were to be taught the things that were best. 5th. Duty of Temperance.-I have Christianity has laid new emphasis especial reference to alcoholic liquors. upon intelligence. As immortal souls, Intemperance is one of the curses it teaches us that we are bound to make the most of ourselves. Wherof the world. Wherever Christian- ever Christianity enters, there you ity enters it strikes a blow at this find at once the beginning of the evil and urges total abstinence for school and the college. Certainly the individual. There have been tre- ill a republic like the United States, mendous gains in public sentiment where all men have the ballot, it during the last few years. Saloons must of necessity be an intelligent are being more and more abolished; ballot if the country is to stand. An several States in America have en- ignorant ballot is a dangerous baltire prohibition legislation, and there lot. . . are many others where in large portions of the State no saloons are per- The spirit of Christianity, which mitted. Where it is not possible to is the spirit of brotherhood, is in abolish the saloon, the law hedges it about by greater restrictions, and permits less personal profits.

them all, giving to the humblest and either great or Christian unless it the poorest equal opportunities with fully respects the rights of the poorthe child from the home of wealth. est and the meanest. Christ has President Wilson' has recently said, come with His message of good-will "I should be afraid to go forward if and love and hope and cheer; He has I did not believe that there lay at taught that every man is brother to the foundation of all our schooling every other man. This truth· is as and of all our thought the incom- broad as the world; it does not conparable and unimpeachable Word of fine itself to the needy in one's own God." country. There is something greater now than "nationalism"; it is "int"er- 7th. Respect for the Weak and the nationalism" ; and the missionary Poor.-The power of Christianity is learned the meaning of this word seen in a wonderful way in the love before the statesman. and the care which are shown to the sick and dependent. Take the 9th. Civil and Religious Liberty.- directory of any great city, and you The history of the past has everywill be surprized at the solid columns where shown the tendency of the strong to oppress the weak and the that give the names of the religious, poor. It is the religion of Christ philanthropic, and humanitarian 50- which has taught that God made of deties. There are many hundreds one blood all the nations of the earth; that white men and black men, red of these. There are institutions to men and yellow .men are all alike provide a home for the orphan, for His children. All men are brothers, whatever their condition, and are to the poor, and for the insane; there be treated as such. The Sermon on are hospitals for the sick, free to all the Mount laid the foundation for who are in need. The prisoner also democracy. The wonderful letter of is kindly cared for, even his con- St. Paul to Philemon shows that in finement is regarded no . longer the Kingdom of God there can be recognized no such position as that merely as a punishment for wrollg of master and slave, but that all done, but as a means of reclaiming alike stand on the same level as him from his sin and bringing him Christ's free men. . . . Wherever back again to society as a better man. Christianity goes, there is awakened This law of love, which is the l~w of this spirit of a common manhood and a passionate desire for liberty of Christ, cares also for the dumb conscience and personal freedom. Coupled with this, there is always animals; it makes any abuse of them a recognition of the duty of obea criminal act, and provides humanely dience to all righteous law and of for those that are suffering. Christ's loyalty to government. . . . While the interest in the sick and the needy preaching of Christianity has natur- ally set men free to think for themwhen upon earth is being repeated selves, and led them to struggle wherever His Name is spoken. He toward better conditions everywhere, yet, to the credit of our missionaries Who took the children in His arms it should be said that they have al- ways taught the Christian's duties of and blest them is seeing that same patience and charity. Some day spirit manifested in every Christian oppression ot every kind will cease, land. and Christ's message, that greatness consists not in wealth or power or 8th. Where Christ comes there is position, but in service for others, Opposition to all Forms of Cruelty, will be everywhere triumphant. Oppression and Slazlery.-In non- Christian lands the poor have always suffered at the hands of the rich and strong. Might has perpetrated every form of wickedness, and human SUffering has called out to heaven for relief. No man, how- ever, can be a Christian and not he kind and considerate to others. It is equally true that no nation can be

WHAT CHRISTIANITY IS DOING FOR THE WORLD

loth. Christianity is everywhere a tremendous business or it could not changing Social Conditions.-There afford any such sums for publicity. is always growth and progress in a These college students were asked vital Christian life, whether it be of to name some of the big concerns the individual or the nation. Where which are so familiar to the Ameri- Christianity enters there can be no can public through their advertising, and the speaker promised to tell in stagnation, but development and bet- what kind of religious work the head terment in all social conditions. The of that concern was engaged. It was class system and the spirit of caste most impressive to find how many must give way, as Christ bids every of the greatest leaders in the busiman to work out the best that is in ness world were active in the Church him. As Christianity becomes su- of Christ. Last June, when the preme in national life, all forms of advertising men had their annual injustice are abolished, the hours and meeting in the city of Baltimore, conditions of labor are made more twenty-seven of the pulpits were ochumane, and a fair wage is paid. cupied by these business men on the Justice is coming to be the dominant morning of the following Sabbath. note, and employers and employees During their convention members alike recognize their mutual obliga- of the American Medical Associa- tion recently supplied the pUlpits for tions. Child labor is being reduced, a hundred churches in Minneapolis and as rapidly as possible will be and the adjoining city of St. Paul. abolished altogether. The child The Christian laymen in business and should be educated, not only for its the professions are everywhere comown sake but in order that thereby ing to the front as preachers of civic it may eventually be of the greatest righteousness. service to the nation. Christ's rule of doing unto others what we would 12th. It is important to remember have others do unto us is binding in that in the United States more and the business world. The one talent more Christian men are bei1J,g elected or more which God gives to every to Places of Public Trust.-All one of us is to be used, not hidden, parties or groups of men hesitate to and Christianity is everywhere creat- nominate for the highest positions ing the social conditions which make men of immoral or doubtful habits. possible such development and The present Administration in progress. 'Illashington is a fine illustration of this. President Wilson, the Vice- lIth. Christianity is changing the President, and the Secretary of State Business W orld.-The influence of are all elders in the Presbyterian Christianity is being felt increasingly Church. The Secretaries of Comin the business world, and a large merce, War, and the Treasury, and proportion of the most successful the Attorney-General are Episcobusiness men in the United States palians. The Secretary of the Navy are active workers in the Christian is a Methodist, and the Postmaster- Church. Supreme, sometimes al- General a Baptist. There have been most brutal, selfishness· is giving in recent years great efforts to purify place to cooperation and to the sub- the government in many of our stitution of the "Golden Rule in cities, which has been too often corplace of the rule of gold." To quote rupt. In almost every case the leadfrom another, "Big business is nearly ers in municipal reform have been always real religion." This was Christian men. tested recently before an audience of over four hundred bright college The same Christian character is students. Any firm that carries full- seen also in the public men of Great page advertisements in many maga- Britain. . . . From King and Presizines at a cost of $4,clOO for a single insertion in one magazine, must do dent, through the various grades of

officials of both England and the "war against war" until it is driven United States, Christian men are from the earth. . . . more and more in the places of power and influence. The present effort for a permanent arbitral court and for world peace 13th. Christianity also Works Stead- is an effort to make our Christianity ily for Better International Relations. practical to every nation. When we -It opposes war and pleads for the make Christianity more and more settlement of all international disputes dominant in our national policies, by courts of arbitration. Individuals then will every missionary have his no longer settle personal disputes by power and influence doubled, barriers dueling, but in the courts and before and hates will be removed, and the the magistrates. Christianity de- angels' song of nineteen centuries clares that difficulties among nations ago, "Peace on earth, good-will to must be settled in the same way. men," will be changed from prophecy There is no finer illustration of what into history. Christianity can do than the objectlesson presented by the United States 14th. Unconscious Infiuence.-We and Canada. For nearly one hun- must not fail to notice what we may fairly caIl the unconscious influence dred years these two nations, with of Christianity, which, tho working a boundary line three thousand indirectly, is permeating society miles long, without a gunboat or everywhere. In the United States fortification, have lived in perfect great gifts for hospitals and for peace. It is an object lesson of every form of philanthropic work what will be possible all over the are coming from men, some of whom world when Christianity has its full are not nominally Christians, but power. Then it will be possible to who yet are influenced by the unstop the present fearful waste of selfish spirit which Jesus Christ money and of men in preserving the brought into the world. The fact is armed peace of the world. that with us now many rich men are almost ashamed to die unless either In contrast with the condition be- before their death or in their wills tween the United States and Canada, they do something liberal for the note the awful conditions in Europe world; if they fail to do this there to-day and the craze for militarism. is a tendency to bitterness at their Alfred Noyes, the gifted English neglect of a great obligation. The poet, has exprest the thought that spirit of Christianity is silently per- England, France, and Germany are meating the national life. A leper throwing their billions into a bottom- asylum was recently opened in less pit. The pity of it all is that the Tokyo. There was a thoughtful humanity of Europe is crying for Buddhist visitor at the opening who bread, and for the bread of life, and said, "Our people are clever, and Europe can not spare the money for they can argue for their Buddhism either. As things are going now, as well as your missionaries can the're will soon be no money for the argue for their Christianity, but they relief of poverty, for the working have no argument to bring against class no education or insurance, for this kind of Christianity." the aged no pensions; nothing for fighting tuberculosis or other dis- Among Christian men there is a eases, for decent homes, for culture, growing conception of the meaning but all for militarism. The joyful of "stewardship"; in fact, it is givthought is that the churches and the ing place in many minds to a new Christian spirit in all these lands word, "partnership." Too many are fighting desperately this warlike men in the past have started with a spirit; leagues of Christian' men in wrong idea, believing that their England and Germany and the money was their own, and that it United States are being formed to was entirely optional with them

WHAT CHRISTIANITY IS DOING FOR THE WORLD

whether they gave or not. When felt a jar as the world spins on its asked for a gift for foreign missions axis, or sweeps round the sun? Has they treated your request as they anyone ever heard any creak of the would one to buy a ticket for a lec- machinery that lifts the tides? So, ture or concert, as a matter simply many of the spiritual forces are of personal choice or inclination. silent, but we see their results, real, But now more and more men are definite, and of supreme importance.

beginning to see that they are not Of course we realize that in the the real owners of anything, but only nations where Christianity has made trustees under God of all they have. its greatest progress there still exist This is a difference almost as great enormous evils; intemperance and as that between light and darkness. the social evil prevail in all their The question is not, "How much of awful forms; slums are found in the mine shall I give," but, "What part cities; and wicked men make money of the Lord's money, and time, and at the expense of others. Neverthe- talents shall I keep for myself." It less, where Christianity is at work i~ not what is given but what is left there is always a constant protest that measures the gift from God's against all such evils. An aroused pub- standpoint. He could convert the lic conscience, which hates wrong, is world without human help, but He ceaseless in urging efforts to restrict has chosen to take men into partner- and finally to remove every evil. The ship with Himself in the greatest great leaders of public thought are work in the world. In asking money more and .more on the side of right- for missions we are inviting men to eousness, and in its irrepressible con- go into partnership with God in the flict against evil the good is steadily work which brought Christ into the and irresistibly gaining. The nation world and to the Cross. It is this that is living in the spirit of Christ new conception of stewardship which is on the winning side, for His has changed and is changing the truth is yet to rule the world. Chris- lives of thousands of men. tianity alone can make a nation really 15th. There is not time to cover great. What history has proved in what we sometimes call the "By- the past will be true in all the future.

products" of Missions.-I refer to Christianity is the only superhuman only one as of special interest to the religion given by God in the person students of the world. Foreign mis- of Jesus Christ to save the world.

sionaries have made large contribu- It is the missionary more than any tions to various branches of science other man who has changed the -geography, philology, botany, course of history and altered the zoology, etc. To quote from Pro- map of the nations….

fessor Agassiz, one of the world's In the whole history of the past greatest scientists, "Few are aware century there is nothing so magnifi- how much we owe our missionaries, cent as the missionary story. In the both for their intelligent observation majesty of its conception, in the of facts and for their collections of heroism of its leaders, in the great- specimens. We must look to them ness of its results, it stands without not a little for aid in our efforts to a peer. Material growth, great in- advance future science." Every mis- ventions, progress in science and art, sionary station has been well called are as nothing compared with this "a scientific observatory." mighty work born in the heart of Such are some of the changes that God and given to His children to Christianity is producing in the work out in all the earth; other world. Its influence is often silent, things may be forgotten, but the but it is none the less real; some of triumphs of missions carried on in the mightiest forces in the material the name of Jesus Christ will outlive world are silent. Has anyone ever the centuries.

OF BEST

SUMMER CONFERENCES AND SCHOOLS OF MISSION-STUDY OON after the dawn There are now 14 of these schools, with an aggregate enrolment last mS of the twentieth cen- year of more than 4,000. tury something new was inaugurated in the In 1907 the first Woman's Sum- way 0 f missionary mer-school of Home Missions was methods-the holding held at Silver Bay. This, too, of summer conferences was marked by God's blessing, and schools for the study of missions and the next year it was reand missionary methods. peated at East Northfield. Other schools have followed in rapid The Missionary Education Move- succession, until now there are 9, at ment began it in July, 1902, when in which 4,542 women were definitely response to a call to those interested registered last year for the study of in the training of leaders for mis- home missions. At the popular meetsionary work in the Sunday-school ings in the evening the attendance and Young People's Societies, 160 was very much larger. It is worthy delegates gathered for a ten days' of note that in some of the more reconference at Silver Bay, on Lake cently established Women's Summer- George. This proved so helpful that schools the study of both home and the next year it waS repeated, with foreign missions is included. 477 delegates in attendance, and a second conference was held for work- Since the formation of the Layers in the South, at Lookout Moun- men's Missionary Movement, the tain. The third year a third confer- men, too, have had their summer ence was added at Winona Lake, in training school, beginning with the Indiana. Since then the number has year 19II, at Lake Geneva, Wis- rapidly increased. Last year nine consin. Tho not large, this has been conferences were held in the United wonderfully inspiring and helpful, States and Canada, under the aus- last year about 125 leaders being pices of the Movement, with a total present from the Middle States. This registration of 1,622, and this sum- year they are planning for at least mer three new ones will be added. The idea has also spread across the 300 delegates. sea. "Such conferences are now held In addition to these interdenomi- in Great Britain, Germany, Den- mark, Norway, Sweden, and Switzer- national conferences and schools, land," says Mr. Harry S. Myers, one many others are held each summer of the secretaries of the Movement, in different parts of the country un- "and all have grown out of the con- der denominational auspices. Some ferences we hold in this country." of them are exclusively missionary. others only partially so; but in all In July, 1904, in order to meet the special emphasis is laid on the sub- need for trained leaders for classes ject, and the attendance is large and studying the text-books of the United enthusiastic. Study of Foreign Missions Courses, the first Woman's Summer-school of If we include the twelve summer Foreign Missions was held at East conferences of the Young- Women's Northfield, Massachusetts, with 212 Christian Association, the College delegates enrolled. It proved such a Young Men's Conferences, the large success that the next year there were number of popular Chautauquas, the many camp-meetings and denomina- 335 delegates, and new schools were tional state and sectional assemblies opened at Winona and Chautauqua. which have mission study and mis- sionary addresses on their programs, A LAYMEN'S MISSIONARY CONFERENCE AT LAKE GENEVA, WISCONSIN it will be seen that the number The expenses connected with atreached by the missionary message tendances at these conferences have during the summer months runs up been reduced to a minimum. No- where can vacations, with equal adinto the thousands. vp,ntages, be had at such a low figure. An Ideal VacatioD "At the Lake Geneva Conference, the "These summer conferences are expense for the five days will not great," exclaimed the president of exceed $12.50," says the Layman's the County Sunday-school Associa- Missipnary M ovemmt. "This in- tion not long ago. "They do a lot chIdes every expense from Chicago for missions and provide ideal vaca- and return, i.e., railway fare, boat tions besides." fare, board, lodging, and a registra- From the beginning the promo- tion fee of $2.00. It is cheaper than ters of these conferences have had staying at home for some men, and to this dual idea in mind. The sites all it is worth many times more than have been chosen largely because of its cost. Men get things at this con- their exceptional advantages as at- ference that money will pot buy."

tractive vacation centers, and many At Silver Bay the entire cost, ex- of them are far-famed for their clusive of traveling expenses, is beauty. Mountain, hillside, lake, and .$20.00. This includes lodging, board ocean afford every variety of out- at the hotel, enrolment · in study- door life, and tennis courts, running classes taught by experts, and partici- tracks, baseball diamonds, boat and pation in all the privileges of the bath houses, and swimming piers pro- conference grounds. Where else vide for the fullest possible enjoy- could a ten days' outing at a sum- ment. mer hotel be had for this stlm?

In the preparation of the programs, The combination of rest and recre- too, the vacation idea has not been ation with eqtlipment for service and overlooked. The afternoons are kept fellowship with God, makes a strong free for rest and recreation, and appeal to Christian workers, and the there are carefully arranged sched- attendance is growing l<j.rger eVery ules of hikes, excursions, athletic year. The thorougl1ll Christiqp. at- contests on land and water, and de- mosphere of these 'schools in the nominational social gatherings. woods," the association with those

of like purpose in life, and the per- sions in all churches that have sent sonal contact with the great leaders delegates. Our best mission-study in the Lord's army, make them ideal. class leaders and those actively at "It is a wonderful thing to live for work introducing missionary instruc- ten days in a Christian community tion into the Sunday-school are, in where no one smokes, no one drinks, the great majority of cases, leaders and everything is run on a thorough- who have had training at some sum- ly Christian basis," said ex-Congress- mer-school. It is true also that quite man Bennet, at Silver Bay last sum- a number of our newly appointed mer. "I had always imagined what missionaries have received inspira- a joy it would be to live under such tion in these assemblies." – The conditions, but I never expected to American Board.

realize it this side of heaven. I shall "If the hundreds of women at the try to be here next year." summer-schools of missions could be Do the Conferences Pay? multiplied like leaves there would be no trouble in enlisting women for Do they pay? Let these testimo- missions. Every woman goes home a nials, gathered from many sources, live wire."-Mrs. Helen Barr e t t give the ;:tnswer: Montgomery.

"Representation at these summer "My own home church (Brown conferences has transformed the life Memorial . Presbyterian, Baltimore, of my church."-A pastor. Md.) has had new relations to the "The second summer conference missionary enterprise as a result of of the Layman's Missionary Move- 'sending two of us to Silver Bay in ment is the biggest single factor that 1903, and other delegates to summer has entered my life except my con- conferences each succeeding year.

version and my call to preach."-A · For myself, I am glad to testify pastor. ·that the conference at Silver Bay in "Twenty-five delegates from my 1903 gave me my first clear appre- church have attended the various ciation of and consequent interest in summer conferences under the direc- the missionary enterprise, and un- tion of the Missionary Education doubtedly started me in the direction Movement. The result has been that which I have since followed."-B.

eleven of those delegates are now on Carter Millikin, Secretary of the De- the mission field or under appoint- partment of Missionary Education, ment. Five other young men have ·Presbyterian Board.

gone into the Christian ministry, and To these personal testimonies may I feel that the greatest spiritual up- be added the following instances of lift that has ever come to my church churches and individuals that have is directly traceable to these confer- ·been greatly profited by attendance ences."-A pastor. at summer schools: The thing that imprest me most In a Presbyterian church in New of all was the tremendous power of Jerse.y ·the missionary educational the Layman's Movement. Wherever work, and, indeed, all the educa- it can reach men it is bound to set tional work, has been made over as them on fire. Personally, life can a result of the influence of summer never be the same after those days conferences.

at Geneva."-A· missionary. In a Cincinnati, Ohio, suburban "I am continually hearing of the church a great· mission-study cam- profit derived by individuals and paign and other' work has been ac- churches from attending summer complished by delegates that attended conferences."-A Board Secretary. conferences at Lake Geneva, Wis- "We may say in general of the consin.

summer conferences that they have In a St. Louis church remarkable greatly stimulated interest in mis- work has· been done through the

DEPARTMENT· OF BEST METHODS

young people as a result of sending Bra~don, Manitoba, July 2-9. one young man to a conference af Knowlton, Quebec, July 14–21. '!Tinona Lake some years ago. Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, July 14–21.

In a Pennsylvania church the wife Wolfville, Nova Scotia, July 24-31. Edmonton, Alberta, July 23-30.

of the pastor has done great things New Campbellton, Cape Breton, August since her attendance at Silver Bay 4–12.

last year. Inquiries concerning these confer- In a Vermont church an aggres- ences may be addrest to the secre- taries of the various Mission Boards, sive and successful immigrant cam- who will be glad to send circulars paign, that enlisted the entire church, and full information concerning has been conducted by one of last them. The enrolment fee is $5.00 summer's delegates to Silver Bay. payable in advance. In aNew Jersey church, the chair- Under the auspices of the Federaman of the missionary committee of the Sunday-school, who is doing a tion of Woman's Boards of Foreign remarkable work among the children, Missions, fourteen summer schools received her inspiration at Silver will be held, as follows: Bay.

Two of the expert leaders sent East Northfield, Massachusetts, July 10from New York to conduct normal 17. classes for stewards in preparation for "The World in Chicago," re- Winona Lake, Indiana, June 25–July 2. ceived their inspiration at summer- Boulder, Colorado, July 7-14. Mount Hermon, California, July 2()"'25. Los Angeles, California, July 14-18.

schools. Merriam Park, Minnesota, June 17-23. . A Massachusetts girl, who has writ- Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, June 1-7. ten one of the most popular mission- Okobiji, Arnold Park, Iowa, July 24– study books, had the whole direction of her life changed through atten- August 2. dance at Silver Bay, and has been Omaha, Nebraska, June 22-29. doing effective work ever since. Wooster, Ohio, August 7-13. Two sisters, who have become ex- Summerland Beach, Ohio, AUg'Ust 9-13. pert mission-study leaders and are in Duluth, Minnesota, June 1()"'17. great demand as teachers of normal Chautauqua, New York, August 22-29. classes, both in their own denomina- Mont Eagle, Tennessee, July 12–17. tion and outside, are shining examples of what summer-schools can do. Information concerning these can At one of the conferences of the be obtained by writing to the denomi- Missionary Education Movement, at- national Woman's Board nearest to tended by 260 delegates, 27 volun- the school. The enrolment fee for teered for the foreign field and 12 for most of them is $I.OO, payable on work in home missions. registration.

Nine summer schools will be held, as follows, under the auspices of the Council of Women for Home Mis- sions: Interdenominational Summer School. Boulder, Colorado. July 7-14. for 1914 East Northfield, Massachusetts, July 17- During the summer of 1914, the 24. Missionary Education Movement will Los Angeles, California. July 12-18. conduct twelve conferences, as fol- St. Paul, Minnesota, June 17-23. lows: Mount Hermon, California, Tuly 2()…25. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, June 1-7. Blue Ridge, North Carolina, June 26- Omaha, Nebraska. June 22–29. July 5. Winona Lake, Indiana, June 25–July 2. Chautauqua, New York, August 15–21. Asilomar (near Pacific Grove), Califor- nia, July 3-12. For information abo u t t b e s e schools write to the Women's Boards Silver Bay, New York, July 1()"'19. of Home Missions. The enrolment .Estes Park, Colorado, July 17-26. fee in most of them is $I.OO. Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, August 4-13. Whitby, Ontario, July 2-9.

The fourth annual summer con- leaders as delegates to the summer ference of the Layman's Missionary training conferences of the ensuing Movement will be held at Lake Ge- summer.

neva, Wisconsin, July 29-August 3. Money to Send Delegates Application for enrolment may be made through any mission board, or It costs money to go away to by addressing Mr. F. J. Mitchel, school, missionary summer-schools as Field Secretary, Layman's Mission- well as others, and many of those ary Movement, I9 South La Salle who would make the best delegates Street, Chicago, Ill. The enrolment and who would profit most by the fee is $2.00. training, are not able to meet their own expenses. In view of this, the Summer School Alumni Associations Missionary Education Movement "Experience has clearly demon- makes the following suggestions as strated," says the Missionary Educa- to how the money can be secured: tion Movement, "that by far the I. By direct appropriation fron.

largest factor in securing attendance the treasury of the local church or at the summer conferences is the Sunday-school. Experience proves personal work of former delegates." that the money will return to the In view of this, at the meeting of church multiplied manyfold, if not its Board of Managers, at Silver Bay in actual contributions, in the more last July, the Movement resolved to important form of deeper spiritual recommend the formation of Sum- life and the quickening of all the mer-school Alumni Associations in activities of the church.

all cities or centers where there are z. Get individuals who can not go delegates who have attended one or to give money to send a representa- more summer missionary schools, the tive. "Go or send" is a good sum- purpose being to stimulate attend- mer-school slogan.

ance at the summer conferences and 3. If possible, have the delegate extend and conserve their influence in pay a part of his own expense, so the churches at home. that two can be sent instead of one.

The charter-membership in these 4. Have the Sunday-school, Young associations should include all for- People's Society, and the missionary mer delegates to any summer-school, societies of the church unite in send- denominational or interdenomination- ing a delegate.

al, and new delegates be admitted to 5. Where the churches are small, membership as soon as possible after an effort should be made to get the the close of the conference period district, presbyterial, diocesan, or each summer. In addition to re- other similar organization, to send lJ.

unions attended by the members only, delegate, the expense to be met either the Movement recommends the hold- by the organization itself or by small ing of two meeting-s a year, to which subscriptions from the individual other missionary leaders and work- churches.

ers are invited, as follows: 6. In centers where normal mis- I. A meeting- as early as possible sion-study .classes are to be con- in the fall for the organization of the ducted during the year, the members missionary education plan of the of the class could well afford to pay year, including plans for normal mis- the expenses of their leader.

sion-study classes, missionary work A Call to Prayer in the Sunday-school, etc.

z. A second meeting some time The summer conferences of 1914 after January 1st for the purpose of will be truly blest in proportion to reviewing the work of the fall, plan- the amount of earnest prayer that ning for the campaign of the spring, goes up to God for them. Without and especially for enlisting potential much prayer they may have some

OF BEST METHODS

small measure of success, but if they claimed a pastor at a foreign mis- are to yield much fruit and have sionary convention held in Indian- real influence in advancing God's apolis, Indiana, many years ago. "If kingdom, it must be through the it were possible, I would take a prayers of God's children-those who bottle of it home; I would get my go and those who stay at home. people together and seat them in a The announcements of all the sum- long, semicircular row; then I would mer missionary schools make a strong pass along the whole line, and, care- appeal for prayer. The following fully uncorking the bottle under the definite petitions have been culled nostrils of each, give him the enjoy- from them and arranged, as follows: ment and stimulus of the delicious Before the Conferences Open and vivifying fragrance." Later in the day Doctor Arthur Pray that all the plans of the conferences may be in accordance with Mitchell gave a recipe for carrying the will of God. home "Bottles of enthusiasm" that may prove helpful to summer-school Pray that the leaders and speakers may be directed by the Holy Spirit delegates. in the preparation of their messages. "It is true," he said, "that fervid Pray that the delegates may be emotion, like effervescence from the wisely chosen. mixture of chemical elements, is necessarily evanescent. It must be While the Conferences are in Session enjoyed in the few minutes while it Pray that in every session the lasts, and its permanent value is in presence and power of God may be . the effects it has produced on our felt. souls. The enthusiasm can not be Pray that all In attendance- bottled up and carried home, but the speakers, leaders, and delegates- elements from which it was gener- may have· new visions of God and of ated can be. These are the facts duty. concerning the needs of unevangel- Pray that all delegates may have ized men and our duty in regard to responsive hearts to meet new calls them. When you get these you have for time, money, and service. something that will keep-something Pray that such delegates as God you can carry home. Going before may call to the mission field may re- your people with these well secured spond with joy and rej oicing. and prepared, just as the chemist Pray that the churches at home goes before his class with his retorts may be aroused to their missionary and crucibles and the dull salts he privileges and opportunities. puts into them, you can generate the After the Conferences enthusiasm you want just as he does the fragrant or pungent gases that Pray that the close of the confer- bubble up under his glass receiver, ences may mark the beginning of more and can be smelled or inhaled by his prayerful and effective effort for auditors. Knowledge, stirred up with world-wide evangelization. appropriate appeal, will always gener- Pray that the delegates may be ate enthusiasm." able to carry home and transmit to others something of what they have Summer Conference Echo Meetinlrs gained. The influence of the summer con- Pray that new interest may be ferences and schools can be greatly extended by the holding of Echo stirred up in the churches, and that Meetings when the delegates get any new work inaugurated may be home. These may be either union abundantly successful.

Bottles of Enthusiasm meetings, addrest by all delegates "0 that this enthusiasm could be who attended any summer-school, or bottled up and carried away!" ex- meetings of individual churches or

organizations which sent delegates. In sary. Certain methods, if observed almost all communities, there is am- by either the novice or the profesple room for both. sional reporter, will insure more or less adequate reports of what occurs. A recent number of The Horne One sees what he is looking for. The Mission Monthly tells of a "Post- newspaper reporter goes after news, Summer-school Meeting" held by a and gets it because he is looking for Woman's Home Missionary Society it, and knows it when he sees it. on the return of its delegates from Special ability is only acquired by exthe summer-school at Boulder, Colo- perience, but rightly directed efforts· rado, last July, that might well serve always produce results, even with as a model. amateurs.

Plans were made for the meeting The privilege one enjoys as a delelong in advance. Before leaving home gate should be shared with others. A the delegates were asked to keep the delegate is a debtor, both to the conmeeting in mind and be on the out- ference which he attends and to those look for anything that would be of whom he represents. The least he special interest to the society. The can do is to be a willing and result was a fine program, full of efficient carrier of the conference inspiration and profit. It included an immigrant story read at Boulder by message to those unable to enjoy its Mrs. D. B. Wells; talks on the new privileges directly. In order to do this study-books and plans for holding he should know something about the mission-study classes by several character, operation, and purpose of ladies; thoughts gleaned from "The conferences in general, and of the Twilight Hour with Missionaries"; one he is to attend in particular. and stories told by two children who had heard them in "The Children's I. Purpose.-Every successful con- Story-Hour." A social hour fol- ference has a well-defined object, for lowed, during which the members dis- the realization of which details are cust what they had heard. It was planned long in advance. Frequently pouring with rain, yet there were the central idea is exprest in a motto, fifty in attendance. such as "The W orId ,for Christ." The chief things a delegate is expected THE DELEGATE'S REPORT to derive from attendance are infor- mation and inspiration. BY PROFESSOR ROBERT T. HILL, PH.D., 2. Program.-To realize its pur- UNION COLLEGE, SCHENECTADY, N.Y. pose, every such gathering has a backbone, so to speak, namely, a pro- Formerly Educational Secretary, International Com- gram, which includes speakers, sub- mittee of the Young Men's Christian j ects, and other details. This is Association. usually printed, so that the delegate knows what to expect in advance. "There is so much to tell that I don't know what to say, nor where to 3. M ethods.-Conventions and conbegin." ferences vary in character, largely through various methods used to at- In this vague way the delegate fre- tain the objects in view. Sectional quently starts his conference report conferences and group meetings are to the "home folks." By the time devoted chiefly to detailed discussion the meeting is over everyone agrees of facts, methods, principles, and with him. policies of work; large gatherings are usually inspirational. Whatever the Occasionally the trouble is with the method, every song, address, session, conference, but usually the delegate and detail fits into the general is to blame, unintentionally, of course. scheme. He has conscientiously endeavored to absorb every detail of the conference, 4. Place.-A jewel is incomplete but vainly attempts to condense his without its setting; so is a great connewly acquired information into satisfactory form.

This is unfortunate and unneces-

19I4] DEPARTMENT OF BEST

ference or convention. One can not be able to express the great central fully appreciate it without personally conference theme with all its implicaor indirectly seeing and appreciating tions is not always an easy task. But the great hall, church, park, or con- even the amateur should carry away ference grounds, and the general sur– with him the fundamental and domiroundings of nature or city, and nant idea, the heart and soul of the breathing their atmosphere. conference. Moreover, he should be able to tell about it clearly. 5. Leaders.-To adequately appreciate such gatherings some knowledge 5. Conclusions.-Few large gatherof those upon whom the responsibili- ings adj ourn without the adoption or ties are resting is very desirable. presentation, in some form, of cer- Conventions reflect the thoughts, tain principles, plans, or methods of hopes, desires, ambitions, work, and work which reptesent the best judgideals of their leadership. To appre- ment and desires of those present tv– ciate the one is, largely, to under- ward realizing the purposes for which stand the other. they are assembled. These the dele- gates should know and understand as 6. Attendance.-Every conference fully as possible, in order that his rehas its own peculiar character, but it port may be purposeful and complete. is not an entity apart from the men and women who attend it. Who are The ideal report is specific and dethey? Where do they come from? tailed enough to avoid vagueness; How many are there? Why are they general and comprehensive enough to here? One can not adequately un- be suggestive and helpful. For a derstand a conference without know- thirty-minute report some such plan ing something about those who are as this might be followed: present? 1. Name of Conference, Aus- The delegate who does not see and pices, Date, Place………… 1 min. appreciate these elements in some measure can not fully understand the 2. Purpose ……………….. 1 min. gathering which he attends, and his 3. Attendance, Character …… 2 min. confusion will be apparent when he 4. Description of Conference makes his report. He should be expected to secure, at least: Scenes ……………….. 3 min.. 5. Leaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 min. I. Specific Information.-One can 6. Program, Speakers, Topics, not absorb and retain all that he sees or hears, but the delegate should re- Quotations …………… _14 min. member, at least, a few specific facts. 7. Stimulus, Personal and Gen- 2. General Information.-To ap- eral ………•. .•………. 3 mln. preciate the significance of the gen- 8. Resolutions, Recommendaeral objects of the conference – a grasp of the wider aspects of the tions, Suggestions with Loscope and character of matters dis- cal Applications ………. 4 min. cust in it is very necessary. This is a sort of bird's-eye view. Total ………………….. 30 min.

3. Experience.-A delegate's own To prepare such 'a report, one personal experience at a conference should have printed programs, anindicates what his privileges have nouncements, newspaper clippings, meant to him. In this sense, he must personal notes, and any other mabe more than a mere observer and terial available. The delegate should reporter; his mind and heart should make preparation in advance for be open to impressions which only what is expected from him. Where sympathetic interest makes possible. reports are to be made by more than Otherwise he cheats himself and one delegate, different parts or others out of the best. phases of the conference, preferably not diflerent days, should be assigned 4. The General Idea.-To find and in advance, so that each can plan to bear his share of what ought to be regarded as both a responsibility and a privilege.

WORLD-WIDE

MISSIONARY NEWS AFRICA A Colporteur'. Experience in Tunis The Locomotive as a Missionary 1N a letter'to Israel Hoffnung, Pas- tor Flad tells of the experience of THE Cape-to-Cairo railroad, split- the c,olporteur, Joseph Soussan, in his , ting the Dark Continent from the endeavors to reach the Jews in the mouth of the Nile to Cape Town, is different cities of Tunis. On the now nearing completion. This new Yhole he was well received, and had road passes through the heart of the good opportunity to explain the Continent, through the Africa of Scriptures and bear testimony to the Stanley and Livingstone. From Wady Lord Jesus Christ. On one occasion, Haifa south to Khartum, where Gor- while he was speaking to a number of don died, civilization has come with Jews, who listened attentively, and the American plow and seed drill. who gladly took his tracts, the Rabbi South of Khartum the followers of of the city happened to pass that way. some one of a long line of Mahdis At once he warned his people against are still restless, but the way has the missionary, but after Mr, Sousbeen opened along 6,944 miles of san had answered his objections railroad iron, and civilization will the Rabbi became friendly, and in- follow and spread. The cannibalism, vited all to the hotel to drink coffee voodooism, Mohammedanism and pure and lemonade at his expense. A devil-worship lying between the steel Jewish policeman who was present rails and' the oceans to the east and was very much surprized,. and said west will not be able to keep civili- that this time it was not like in the zation out of the old ivory-hunting synagog, where they have to pay, jungles and the worn trails of the but now the Rabbi himself pays. Noth- Arabian slave-traders. The railroad, ing like that ever happened in the city is a highway for the gospel, but it is before. The Rabbi purchased some also, unfortunately, a highway for un- Hebrew and French books, and in a godly traffic. ' few minutes the missionary had sold books amounting to over So francs. A Lion Kills a Missionary THE death of a Christian mission- The Liquor Problem in the Konlro ary by a wild beast is almost unique in the ,annals of missions, but MRS. JOHN M. SPRINGER of on April 21st word came from Khar- the Methodist mission at Kamtum, Egypt, of the death df the Rev. Ralph W. Tidrick, of the American bove, in the Belgian Kongo, writes; United Presbyterian Mission. Mr. "The devil has just now won a Tidrick, who was stationed at Doleib Hill, Sobat River, in the Egyptian big victory. A new high-license law Sudan, was attacked and wounded by was to have gone into effect the first a lion, and started down the Nile for of the year. As one of the Belgian Khartum to undergo treatment, but officials told us, the chief gain would died on reaching Khartum. Mr. Tid- be in closing up all the wretched, disrick was a native of Mount Ayr, reputable places where a great deal Iowa', and was a graduate of the Iowa of liquor is sold illegally to natives. State College. He entered the mis- Many of the Belgian officials are sion field in 1906, and leaves a widow men of wide experience and exand two children. cellent judgment, especially Vice- Governor-General Wangermee and his staff. But they are sadly handicapped by the Government in Bel- They use the same word for 'to take gium, in exactly the same way that down an awning,' 'to undress your- the English Government often hin- self,' 'to peel a potato,' 'to untie a ders the best interests of the country rope,' and a number of other ex- in the Rhodesias. And so we have pressions. The rule of the Belgians heard that the wise liquor regulation is very mild. The country is now has been set aside by the Govern- quite settled, and the natives are ment in Belgium, and every Kaffir civil. There is not much fear of the store can sell, and Katanga will be Mohammedans coming here, for the flooded with bad whisky. In pioneer policy of the Belgian Government is towns like this,. it is stript of all its to keep them out of the country."

adornments, and its ghastly work is The Virgin'. Statue in Kikuyu seen on every hand. Jesus is here.

I Only this fact enables us to go on N view of the recent controversy working in the midst of indescribable between the Bishop of Zanzibar and sin and vice." those who took part in the Kikuyu Livingstone's De.cendants for Conference, it is interesting to note Livingstonia the following from Catholic Mis- sions (May, 1914): "In the central TWO of Dr. Livingstone's de- residence of the Fathers of the Holy scendants, Dr. Hubert and Miss Ghost in the Mission of Zanzibar Ruth M. Wilson, have sailed from there is a beautiful statue of the England to take up work as mis- Blessed Virgin. This was formerly sionaries in Livingstonia, not far in the Episcopal Cathedral, but some from Lake Nyassa, which was dis- years ago the Anglican Bishop came covered by Livingstone in 1859. Both to the Catholic mission and asked for these young missionaries have re- an interview with the Superior. He ceived medical and nursing training acknowledged that in his flock there in England and Scotland, and are were many black sheep, heretics, who going to one of the mission-stations could not stand the sight of the statue of the United Free Church of Scot- of the Blessed Virgin that stood in land. his Cathedral. To these men this The Heart of Africa Mission statue was an idol-and he was com- peHed either to lose three-fourths of C T. STUDD, of "Cambridge his flock or do away with the statue. • Seven" fame, is devoting himself Would the Catholic mission accept to the establishment of the Heart of it? That is why the Catholic mis- Africa Mission. He has been travel- sion house possesses a beautiful ing in the Belgian Kongo with Mr. statue of the Virgin Mary. Father Alfred B. Buxton, and writes to the ]. Caysac, C.S., Sp., of Kikuyu, who London Christian about some of, relates this fact, adds as a conclu- their experiences. sion, "Isn't it a pity that these Eng- .

"The Avungora have no writing, Iishmen, who, after all, are so good nor have the Azandi, yet they keep in many ways, are not all Catholics, accurately their historical records. real Catholics!"

This they do by means of old men, The Bruedergemeine in East Africa IN who memorize the records, and teach the district Unyamwesi, during these to others chosen for the purpose. Every native here wants to the past two years, there has been shake the hand of a white man, and the beginning of a new era. With even some of the women insist on the completion of the railroad to shaking hands. After they have Tabora there was a sifting of the shaken hands they sometimes add a Christians gathered there. The es- thumb-shake. The common expres- tablishment of the station Taoora sion for 'Yes' is: 'That is not a lie.' brought direct work among the Mo-

hammedans, and there is already a very considerable total of 10,000. It theo1ogue in special preparation for is believed that the sphere of their this work. From Ipole is reported a activity extends to and includes the systematic plan on the part of the United States, and that the basis of Su1taness against Christianity. She operation which is found most effecdepopulates entire villages, sending tive and remunerative is the charithe people, against their wills, to work table one. Appeals are made for orin Tabora, and seeks to take material phanages, hospitals, or other humanifrom the mission. The instruments tarian or religious institutions. So for this work have been augmented considerable is the imposition thus through a hymn-book and a book of practised that the Charity Organi- Biblical stories in the language of. the zation Society of New York has island; also through the completion of SOled a warning, which reads as folthe dictionary in Kinyamvey, which lows: 'They are frauds and confihas been in preparation for years. dence men, who make contributors to charity their prey. By nationality MOSLEM LANDS they are Syrians, Armenians, or Chal- deans. They will show a prospective· Robert Wilder at Robert College victim photographs of a church or or- phan asylum, or other institution sup- REV. R. P. WILDER, of London, posedly conducted by them in Turkey. the well-known Christian leader Usually these collectors pocket the among students, spent ten days at money they receive.' For five years Robert College, Constantinople, in the Charity Organization Society has March, and his conferences were of been collecting evidence against this great value. Under the auspices of class of frauds." the World's Student Christian Federation he has been making a tour of Hebrew Advance in Palestine universities in Switzerland, Austria, Bulgaria, Servia, Turkey, and Spain. T HE rapid advance of the Hebrew At Robert College, Mr. Wilder gave language revival in Palestine is ten addresses, and many informal apparent from the following statetalks to smaller classes and groups. ment sent out recently from Berlin. He dealt with the problems of char- It shows the reason for the stubborn acter and belief, the central place of opposition to the introduction of Gerthe personal in religion, and the man instead of Hebrew into the Polygrowth of a deep, religious life. technic Institute of Haifa. Those Scores of students availed themselves Jews, from all parts of the world, of the opportunity for informal per- who, in the last decade have settled sonal conferences. The Orient says in Palestine, have been working all that while the definite emphasis of the time for a revival of the Hebrew his message on a vital religious life language, and the younger generation and upon Bible study was such as to of Palestinian Jews is now recogdeeply impress thinking students, nizing and speaking Hebrew as their Robert College will longest remem- national tongue. Two high schools, ber him as one who quietly pointed at Jaffa and Jerusalem, and a great out the Way, who frankly and per- number of elementary schools and suasively interpreted the Truth, and kindergartens have adopted the Hewho winningly exemplified the Life. brew language as tlleir medium of in- struction, and the same language is A Fraudulent Beggars spoken in all the Jewish colonies; the WARNING against oriental beg- "Merkas Hamorim," the Jewish gars has been issued by The Teachers' Association of Palestine, United Presbyterian. The warning is has already ISO members. It has reas follows: "It is reported that beg- peatedly been emphasized in consular gars in Turkey have formed a union, reports that a great num~r of Eurothe membership of which has the

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

pean firms in Palestine issue their their prime, attracted by the busipublic notices in the Hebrew lan- ness boom. There is a mad rush guage; this shows sufficiently what for money, and the cafes, saloons, an important part the modern He- and other places of evil resort are brew language is beginning to play in wide open and fully patronized. To Palestine. stem this tide there is no place in the city where men may resort and enjoy Moral Laxity Among Moslems the counter attractions, such as the Young Men's Christian Association A RECENT writer in the Moslem might offer. There has been an As- IVorld describes the moral lax- sociation, but without a building, and ity which exists among the Mos- Dr. Chambers says that the massacres lems of Egypt to-day. Lateefa of so crippled the society that they have B., in her nineteenth year, has been been unable to do ag-gressive work. divorced 4 times. Ibrahim Effendi, Recently, however, an English friend a youth of 27, has been married 13 has given $5,000 for a building, on times. Another youth, when re- condition that $10,000 additional be proved for taking a twenty-eighth collected in Europe and America, and wife, replied, "Why should I not, at least $1,000 in Adana itself. The when my father divorced 38?" It is Adana thousand is assured, and the a common saying among Moslems: Geneva committee of the Y. M. C. A. "A woman is like a pair of shoes. has appealed to the French associa- If she gets old a man throws her tions and has received sufficient enaway and buys another as long as couragement to justify them in dehe has money." Of every seven ciding to send out this year a secretary Moslems married in Egypt, more from America. than two are, according to official record, divorced. But the actual INDIA number of divorces is probably even greater. The police say that in Mass Movements and Persecution many cases no pretense of recording divorce is made. "You find a BISHOP F. W. WARNE, of Inwoman in this house to-day and m dia, writes that one evidence of another to-morrow." the spirituality of the mass move- Adana Since the Massacre ments is the .fact that everywhere these new converts endure cruel per- T HERE have been great changes secution. A British high official, in the city of Adana, Asiatic Tur- when asked for his opinion, instantly key, since the terrible massacre of replied: "It is true to human nature 1909, in which two Americans and that the land-owners and religious nearly 20,000 Armenians lost their leaders, who have had power over lives. The Rev. W. Nesbitt Cham- these poor people and have opprest bers, D.D., of the American Board, them and made money out of their writes that the ruins caused by the toil through the centuries, do not massacre have been largely oblitera- want to see them rise." This is the ted, the streets widened, and new philosophy of the persecution, and an ones opened lined with shops. The evidence, their oppressors being the whole city is crowded with traffic, witnesses, that they do rise when the material prosperity is marvelous, they become Christian. and the population is steadily increasing. Bishop Warne saw a man so beat- en that his face was cut open and On the other hand, the spiritual he had almost lost an eye, yet when and moral situation is about as dark asked, "Are you sorry you became a as the material situation seems prom- Christian?" he replied, "No, since I ising. The crowds in the streets are have heard what Christ suffered for made up of men, either young or in me, and what the early Christians suffered, I am ready to go to death.

But I am not willing to give up my European and Anglo-Indian Com- faith in Christ. I can only live a munity, Finance and Public Ques- little while in this world, but in the tions, and some of these reports were next world I will live in glory for very suggestive and stimulating. Per- ever." manent officers were elected for the These new converts are willing to ensuing year, Bishop Lefroy being be tied to trees and beaten for president and Dr. S. K. Datta, of Christ's sake. They give up their Lahore, vice-president. (Dr. K. Pam- scanty food rather than renounce perrien, who was mentioned as a na- Him. One young man, Nagappa, tive Indian, is a German missionary.) while holding family prayer in his The Maharajah and the Bible T father's house, was taken by the hair HE late Maharajah of Travan- of his head and dragged out to the core had the reputation of being police-station by a village official and compelled to sit there for hours in one of the most learned of all mod- the rain. When asked by one of the ern Hindu princes. Altho he himself workers why he did not write to the never accepted Christianity, yet he missionary and let him report this in- said these striking words about the 1ustice, he said, "They have not Bible: "Where do the English peo- nailed me to the Cross yet, and Jesus ple get their knowledge, intelligence, was nailed to the Cross for me. He cleverness, and power? It is their did not save me that I might have an Bible that gives it to them; and now easy time; I am willing to suffer for they bring it to us, translate it into His sake, that I may lead those who our language, and say, 'Take it, read persecute me to Christ." it, examine it, and see if it is not T The Indian Missionary Council good.' Of one thing I am convinced, that, do with it what we will, oppose HE first meeting of the National it as we may, it is the Christian's Missionary Council for India, to Bible that will sooner or later work the formation of which reference was out the regeneration of our land."- made in the May number of the RE- Bible in the World.

VIEW, was held in Calcutta in Feb- An Opening in Afghanistan A ruary. The objects of the Council FGHANISTAN, on the north- were definitely formulated as being: west frontier of India, is one of Cooperation with the Provincial Councils in the carrying out of their the lands still closed to the gospel. A obj ects ; Communication with the native Christian physician, Nasir- Continuation Committee of the Edin- Allah, from Peschawar, is willing to burgh Missionary Conference regard- return to his homeland. As a boy ing such matters as require con- he had been carried away because of sideration or action from the point of a family feud, and as they wanted to view of the Indian mission field as be rid of him he was given to a a whole; Consideration of such other traveling Indian catechist. In this questions affecting the entire mis- wise he came to Batala, in Gurda- sionary field as may seem to it de- spur, where he received a thorough sirable; Provision for the convening education in the schools of the mis- of an All-India Missionary Confer- sions. He studied medicine and be- ence, when such is, in the opinion of came assistant physician in the mis- the Council, desirable. Reports were sion hospital in Peschawar. Some made by committees Which had pre- time ago people came from his old viously been appointed to consider home and recognized him. Very soon Cooperation, Survey and Occupation, another group of Kafiri came to the the Indian Church, Mass Movements, hospital, among whom were the Education, Literature, Medical Work, brother and uncle of the physician.

the Training of Missionaries, the Great was their joy when they met

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again Nasir-Allah, who is now forty present system of legalized gambling years old. He intends to return with on certain fe~tivals and holidays. It his relatives to his home, and they has been customary for the people, at desire this, altho they know that he the Song Kram Festival, after their is a Christian. It can be expected of labor in the fields was ended, to him that he will confess his faith amuse themselves at different sports, publicly in his old home.-Sonnen especially in gambling. Abuses have Au/gang. increased, so that instead of being one among many pastimes on such Indians Appeal for their Countrymen holiday occasions, gambling has be- come the one and only amusement of T HE echoes of protests which the people. The extent of crime re- western America is making sulting has caused the permission to against the increasing immigration of be withdrawn. natives of India to California, Oregon, Washington, and British Colum- T Call for Help from Siam bia reached the late General Assem- HE great opportunity for evanbly of the Presbyterian Church ~n In- gelistic w~rk following upon the dia, and created natural concern. heels of the recent malarial epidemic These Indian Christians now appeal in Chieng Mai the missionaries there to the Christians of the United States feel simply must be taken advantage and Canada to treat Indian immi- of. At Ban Tah, an outstation of grants with Christian consideration. First Church of Chieng Mai, 319 Addressing directly the Canadian and persons were baptized at the com- "U. S. A." General Assemblies, the munion service in May. In the Indian Assembly says: Chieng Mai station alone more than 2,300 people have become Christians "We have heard with great con- since the epidemic began-also one cern of the great number of the new Christian for every $2 of the people of India, largely from the epidemic fund expenses. It is the Panjab, who have gone to the United judgment of the missionaries that States and to Canada. Our concern the present rate of accessions could is lest they come under influences be multiplied several times at about which will harden their hearts against the same relative cost. the message of Christ, and cause them to return to India embittered in But the epidemic fund is entirely spirit and estranged from the Church exhausted, and unless more money of Christ. In their behalf we are im- is received promptly by cable the pelled to ask you, our Christian breth- mission will be under the necessity of ren, not to forget to put out a help- discharging most of its efficient evaning hand to these strangers among gelistic workers. Many of these you. They will respond to your sym- helpers are men whom the missionpathy and appreciate your efforts in aries wish to train in the new theotheir behalf. It is not for us to tell logical school. you in what way you may help these strangers, countrymen of ours. We CHINA write to assure you that any help you give them will be a help to the T The Christian Forces in China Church of Christ in India." HE total evangelical church-mem- bership in the Republic of China SIAM AND LAOS is about 470,000. These Christians are served by 548 ordained Chinese Suppressing Gambling in Siam pastors and 5,364 unordained work- ers. In addition, there are 4,712 T HE Government is endeavoring Chinese Christian school-teachers, to minimize the evils arising 1,789 Bible women, and 496 native asfrom what is admitted to be an in- sistants .employed in hospitals, of herent national vice, and has issued a decree which aims at abolishing the

which there are 235. Other Chinese I Idol Burning in Yunnan workers in the evangelical churches N a letter written at the beginning bring the total of the Chinese staff . of the year, Rev. W. H. Hudspeth giving of their time to the service of reports fresh signs of the awakening Christianity up to 15,501. There are in Yunnan. He says, "During the 2,955 Christian congregations, and the past few days I have been busy Chinese Christians contributed $320,- burning idols. Now that the coun- 900 for Christian work among their try is becoming more peaceful, there own people during the past year. seems to be a steady turning to Jesus Leading in this work of Christianiza- Christ among the country Chinese. tion and guiding the destinies of the One of our most interesting con- Chinese Church are 5,452 foreign verts is a Szechwan man, who had missionaries from America and Eu- had four wives, two of whom are rope. Adding the membership of the still living. He is a man of great Evangelical and Roman churches to- strength, and before he joined the gether, there is now a total profest Church he was afraid of neither Christian population throughout the heaven nor hell. Being the headman Chinese Empire of two and a quar- of a very large district, he has ter millions, and growing at a very great power. Before the Revolution, encouraging rate. They represent, he could even sentence a thief to however, only about one-half of one death. Since he became interested in per cent. of the entire population, and the story of the Cross, he has read while there has been a remarkable through the New Testament seven growth since the Boxer uprising in .times, and now he is studying the 1900, it is evident that these large Old. He knows by heart the chapter numbers indicate only the beginnings and verse of many of the great truths, of the Christian Church in China. and he has an ingenious method of interpreting the Scriptures. . Chinese Valuation of Christian Education How the Gospel Entered Haitang Y H UAN SHIH KAI, President of AITANG is a Chinese island the Chinese Republic, has re- about 25 miles long, with a popcently placed two of his daughters in ulation of 70,000. About 37 years a Peking mission school, because he ago an inhabitant traveling 011 the recognizes that the Christian schools mainland heard of Jesus from a are far superior to those under Gov- fellow-traveler at a Chinese inn. He ernment control. The Commissioner accepted the truth, returned to of Education in Peking is also ad- Haitang, and did not rest until he vising his fellow officials to send their had carried the Gospel to everyone children to mission schools. Many of _of the 41 I villages on the island.

these schools are so crowded that When the missionaries came about they are obliged to turn away pupils, 10 years ago they found a prepared including some that belong to official people. There are now preaching or wealthy families. stations in 30 villages. Some of One Government officer, on leaving these poor village Christians give his boy at a Methodist day school, one-fourth of their income for the said to him: "This is the best school spread of the Gospel.

in the city. You must remember that The First Christian Daily in China these Christians are different from C the rest of the Chinese. When they HINESE Christians publish a number of excellent weeklies teach the Bible and the facts about their religion, I want you to give and monthlies, but until recently especial attention, so that you may there has been no daily. On the 8th learn what it is that makes them dif- of last September, in Canton, the ferent." first Christian daily appeared, called

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Tu-hun-sih-pao. More than 39 baptized by his pupil, Dr. Thompson.

Christian Chinese, who were em- At the organization of the Kaigan ployed in literary work, will be con- Church Congregation, on March 10, tributors, and also three foreigners. 1872, he was chosen and ordained as Immediately after the revolution in elder, and several years later, with 191 I a society of prominent Chris- two other elderly men, was ordained tians was formed to assist this en- as first pastors of the Japanese terprise, and large amounts have been DlUrch of Christ. A man never of contributed by Chinese who live in robust health, but of great equanim- Japan, San Francisco, East India, ity of mind and of strong Chris- Honolulu, and New York. This new tian faith, he has been long looked up paper has branches in the whole Em- to as the Nestor of the Japanese pire, and also abroad, in Japan, ministry. His end was sudden and America, Straits Settlements. It is tranquil, he passing to rest on Janualso read much by non-Christians, ary 19th.

and is used to spread Christian An Appeal for Christian Statesmanship thought.-Sonnen A ufgang.

Sunday Observance in China T HE Japan Mission of the Ameri- can Board has addrest to the UNDER China's new educational Federal Council of the Churches of system the Government schools Christ in America a memorial, degive a holiday on Sunday. This ploring the effect of discriminating makes it possible for thousands of race legislation upon the proclamachildren to attend Sunday-schools, tion of the Gospel in Japan, and resomething impossible under the old questing that the Federal Council regime. Freedom of thought and appoint a commission to study the action, tho faintly understood by whole question in its relation to the the masses, is generally bec6ming a teaching of Christ, and that it seek to principle of the new republic. It is rally the Christian forces of the taking hold of the young and the United States for the promoting of old. As a result, many who would such measures as are in accord with not have dared to enter a Sunday- the highest standards of Christian school now come gladly. Until re- statesmanship. The mission feels cently most of the Christian con- that race legislation, tending to disstituency have come from the illiterate turb the historical friendship of these adult popUlation, and the majority two countries, is likely to be rehave been unable to read.. Much has peatedly attempted unless some been done in the past to meet the needs thoroughgoing solution of the diffiof this class, first, by oral teaching, culty is found, and therefore makes and, second, by teaching them to this appeal to the body which repreread the colloquial Bible and hymn- sents the Christian churches of book, or some simple catechism. This America. kind of work will be needed for a long time to come. Buddhist Priest in Trouble JAPAN-KOREA A BUDDHIST priest in the Hok- Death of the Firat Protestant Elder kaido recently came to a Chris- tian doctor for treatment. The latter T HE Rev. Yoshiyasu Ogawa, the asked him about the present religious first Protestant Christian church condition in Japan. The priest, not officer in Japan, recently died in knowing that the doctor was a Chris- Tokyo. He was the personal Japanese tian, spoke his mind very freely.

teacher and lifelong friend of the "We are in very great trouble," he Rev. Dr. D. Thompson, of Tsukiji, said, "and don't know what to do.

Tokyo. He became a Christian at Christianity has hitherto been without Yokohama in the '60's, having been recognition and influence. As the

Government gave us their support, sion were laid upon the younger we were quite content. But by the members. One of the younger pas- recent action of the Home Depart- tors was chosen moderator, and an- ment, Christianity has been elevated other was appointed to fill the newly to the top, and we must now hustle, created office of superintendent of or we shall be left without following Sunday-schools. Another advance of or influence." much significance was the organiza- F The Famine in Japan tion of the women of the church for mission purposes. The synod created AMINE conditions have been pre- a Women's Board of Missions, and vailing this spring in northern also appointed two Japanese grad- Japan, including the island of Hok- uates of Bryn Mawr College to goo to kaido. The scarcity is due to the un- Formosa on experimental work that seasonable weather which prevailed will keep them there at least to the last summer and autumn and result- end of the year. Several young men ed in the almost entire failure of the are being sent out for the same sort rice crop. Added to this, the catch of of temporary service in Formosa by fish, on which a large part of the the general board of missions.

people depend for their living, was The Better Side of Japanese Rule T very small. The proportions of this HE conspiracy trials in Korea terrible affliction which has befallen Japan are indicated by the official , gave such an unpleasant im- announcement that 9,400,000 are in pression of Japanese administration need of food. This is almost one- in that country that we are glad to fifth of the population of the islands. learn of its more creditable phases.

The whole territory afflicted is a sec- This foreign Megemony has lasted tion in which the masses are never now five years in the shape of a pro- far above the starvation line, and not tectorate, and three in that of an- even the business communities possess nexation. A system of highroads much reserve on which to weather the 6,500 miles long is under construc- stress of such misfortunes. The only tion. The railways-in the shape of considerable relief measure so far is a great X, at the center of which is the appropriation of $3,000,000 by the capital, Seoul-are fast opening the Japanese Government, and the up the country. Branches reaching SUbscription of $350,000 by the busi- from the four chief seaports, Che- ness men of Japan. The foreign mulpo, Chinampo, Kunsan, and Ma- community and the missionaries have sanpo are in operation, and a million- also given liberally, and the better- dollar bridge spanning the Yalu re- circumstanced people in the famine lates the whole system to that of the territory have brought out and do- Manchurian-Siberian railway. Japan- nated their savings in a remarkable ese foresters have covered the hills way. But all this will not be suffi- and mountains with pine seedlings, cient to meet the needs of the afflict- now from three to five feet high.

ed peoDle. A famine relief commit- Brigandage has been supprest, tigers tee has been appointed by the confer- hunted and killed. The entire coun- ence of Federated Missions. try has been re-surveyed and proper land records instituted. A banking Japanese Women's Board of Mil.ion. system has been developed, agricul- A T the last meeting of the synod of tural and manual training schools, the Church of Christ in Japan, model farms, cotton planting stations, the Presbyterian body of that coun- seedling stations, and stations for try, there were II4 delegates en- sericulture established. The Koreans rolled. By what seemed to be a tacit have been admitted to administration agreement of the older men, many of to an extent not generally realized.

the special responsibilities of the ses- Of the 13 provinces 5 have Korean

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governors. There are 92 courts with why they would prefer to be gov- 497 Japanese and 233 Korean of- erned by Americans than by their ficials. Of the 13,755 members of near neighbors. And Americans police and gens d'armerie, 8,168 are should be more capable of governing Koreans. In 191 I alone, close on to wisely than the Filipinos can be. The 3,000,000 Koreans were vaccinated. Brooklyn Eagle says: "Governor Japanese is being taught as the ver- Harrison of the Philippines has nacular in the schools, and the Kor- met in Mindanao a delegation of the eans take to it with astonishing ease. Mohammedan Moros-the biggest of Korean Foreign Missionary Work what Dean C. Worcester called "the non-Christian tribes"-and has re- REFERENCE has previously been ceived from them a petition which made to the missionary zeal of sounds strange in many American the 'Korean Christians. A successful ears. The chiefs beg for an Ameri- work has been carried on in Man- can governor. They have no faith . churia, and when the Korean mis- in the Christian Filipinos. In the sionary in charge, Mr. Yi, recently ap- honesty and the justice of the Taga- pealed to the church in Kwangju for log, they can not trust. But, severe more workers and for support by money and prayer, there was a hearty as have been their experiences at response. One man, a leader of a the hands of American soldiers, they church, gave enough to build a mod- have found that in peace Ameri- est church, and also paid the salary cans treat them decently and fairly. of a woman evangelist for six This is a tribute of which Yankees months, a wonderful testimony to the may well be proud. It is possible power of the Gospel, considering how that the Moros have buried the kris woman is looked down upon in the for good and all; and that the ba- East. In all, some 300 yen were rong will no longer be a terror in given, and had they been urged, the the section around Zamboanga. The people would have given far beyond American Government, it will be their power. remembered, sent an envoy to the Sultan of Turkey and asked him, as Rev. R. T. Coit, of the Southern the head of the Mohammedan Church, Presbyterian Mission in Kwangju, to help pacify the Moros. The meswrites in the Christian Observer: sage he brought has done much to Thus our own part of the Korean end unpleasantness. Assembly has launched out into for- NORTH AMERICA eign mission work, and we believe that the Korean Church has but be- A United Educational Program gun the work to which God is call- "THE Social Force of Christian ing her. The General Assembly of Missions" is the suuj ect for the Korea expects to take up larger work in China as soon as some pre- United Program for Mission Study liminaries can be arranged. Pray for this work and for a mighty out- for 1914 to 1915, under the auspices pouring of God's spirit on the Korean of the Missionary Education Move- Church and this particular enterprise, which we have taken over in His ment. The text-books include, "The strength. Child in the Midst," by Mrs. B. W. Labaree; "Missionary Women and ISLAND WORLD the Social Question," by Mrs. F. S. Bennett; "In Redman's Land," by Hon. Francis E. Leupp, and other Appeal of the .Moros volumes. Conferences have already T HE Moros of Mindanao are far been held in New York and else- behind the Filipinos in the adop- where to prepare leaders for this tion of civilized ideas. But they are unified program, and to give to probably more fond of war than the churches suggestions for mission ser- Filipinos. It is easy to understand vice, prayer, giving, and study. The

idea is not to increase machinery, but averaged 2,000 a day. Each night to improve efficiency. A full state- from 75 to go per cent. stayed to ment of this united program, and after-meetings, and as a result 461 how it may be made effective, is to exprest their desire to lead the Chris- appear in a later number of the RE- tian life. In the University of Cali- VIEW. fornia at Berkeley, where Mr. Eddy TContinued United Campaign Work conducted the campaign, all barriers were broken down, and 140 men ac- HE united missionary campaign cepted Christ and 390 became in- committee, which was organized quirers after the truth. On the last by general cooperation of foreign and night 2,600 men and women were home mission boards representing present at the meetings.

evangelical churches of the United In Pennsylvania State College Mr.

States, to promote the "every mem- Eddy, who led the campaign, was ber canvass," voted to proceed with aided by well-known Christian work- the same character of work through ers from other student centers. Fif- another year. As in the present sea- teen hundred crowded the auditorium son, correspondence with the local each night. Mr. Eddy spoke at the churches and the supply of literature Jewish Club by invitation. Meetings helpful to local canvassers will be left were held also in the fraternity with sub-committees working along houses. Five hundred and fourteen denominational lines. But the gen- signed cards, indicating a desire to eral committee, with the cooperation accept Jesus Christ, or to renew their of the Laymen's Missionary Move- allegiance to Him. Several striking ment, will direct the interdenomina- evangelistic campaigns have been held tional district institutes, where local in other university centers during the workers are instructed in the princi- winter. In the University of Penn- ples and methods of the every mem- sy~vania there has been a remarkable ber canvass. In so far as possible, revival movement, begun in a one- these institutes will be held next year day campaign, by "Billy" Sunday.

in sections not touched by the insti- Over 400 students decided for Christ, tutes of 1913-14. A general campaign Bible-study has increased, and a is planned for the winter of 191:5-16. movement is on foot to petition for It is the expectation to revisit in that compulsory chapel. Perhaps there season all of the 70 cities in which has never been such a winter as this the movement held conventions dur- for religious interest in American ing 1909-10. colleges, and much of the enthusiasm Revivals in American Colleges may be traced to the power generated by the Student Volunteer Convention.

A YEAR ago Christian people were Merchants' Opinion of Missions being thrilled by accounts of the T great evangelistic meetings for stu- HE San Francisco Associated dents which had been held in the Far Chamber of Commerce sent a rep- East by Dr. John R. Mott and Mr. resentative party of merchants to Sherwood Eddy. This year the field China last year in the endea.vor to pro- has been the North American col- mote a better feeling ot friendship be- leges, but the Spirit of God has been tween China and Arnerica, and also to working just as truly here through increase and develop our commercial these mighty messengers, and the re- relations. Seeing that the Chinese sults of the meetings will be felt missionaries were the pioneers of com- around the world. Dr. Mott con- merce in China, the commissioners ducted the meetings in connection were unintentionally drawn into the with Columbia University. Careful consideration of this subject, which at preparation was made for many the start was considered entirely out- weeks beforehand. The attendance side their province. At first they

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were divided 1ll their opinions EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN -about one-third in favor, one- British Gifts to Missions third against, and one-third unde- THE Missionary Press Bureau has cided. But at the last meeting compiled a statement showing held in Hongkong the question was that the annual contributions now put squarely to the 25 commissioners, raised by Protestant churches in the and a unanimous vote recorded in United Kingdom for foreign mission- favor of missions. In the opinion of ary purposes, amount to about $IO,- the commission, if the missionaries 200,000; and, taking the entire popu- lation as 45,297, 114, this works out at had not pioneered the way, the com- 22C. per head. In a comparative table merce of China would be very small the amount of the British over-seas indeed, and it certainly would not be trade per head is $50.25, while $15.30 safe for foreigners to go into the in- per head is spent on alcoholic liquors, and $1.70 on tobacco and smoking apterior. This was the candid opinion pliances. There is, of course, a very of 2S of the leading merchants of the large section of the community which Pacific Coast, selected from Spokane to San Diego.-Spirit of Missions.

A "Christian Synagog" gives nothing for missions, and the average contribution from actual giv- T HE new home of the Toronto ers is very different from the figure Jewish Mission, with the above .quoted; but the fact remains that name, is admirably suited to its work. there is need for not only giving but It was formally dedicated, on the going in person to the field on an Saturday afternoon of Assembly altogether new scale, which will be week, June 7th. There were services realized only when the Church recogboth afternoon and evening, and nizes the greatness of its privilege.- quite a number of members of As- The Christian. sembly were present and took part.

One of the speakers told of an inci- The Bishop of Zanzibar's Plan B dent of last winter, in Knox Church. ISHOP WESTON, who has so actively opposed the Kikuyu Con- A Jew and his wife and eldest child publicly profest their faith in ference, has now issued a proposal Christ, and then the parents pre- for cooperation between Episcopal sented the rest of their children for and Nonconformist bodies if the baptism, a household of eight. It Kikuyu plan is abandoned. He sugwas like the scenes told in the Book gests a Central Missionary Council, of Acts, where whole households with the provision that no missionary were baptized by the Apostles. The society or church shall be represented pastor is Rev. B. Rohold, a native on the council that does not "proof Palestine. claim the Godhead of our Lord Jesus Persian Ch"rch in San Francisco Christ, His supreme authority as the final Revelation of God to man, and NEXT month a Persian church His mediatorial presentation of man is to be organized in San Fran- to God; or does not administer bap- cisco under the leadership of Rev. tism by immersion in, or affusion L. K. Mweeya, a Persian graduate with water, with the form of words of Shedd Coilege in U rumia, Persia. that .the custom of the Universal The Mizpah Presbyterian Church has Church requires." These are limita- been conducting mission work in a tions that most Christians would ac- community composed of about 700 cept, but that would exclude the Syrians, 200. Armenians, and 100 Friends and the Salvation Army.

Persians. The latter in particular Other limitations in the plan of coop- have responded most cordially to the eration, however, will not be as ac- Gospel message, and the new church ceptable: 1. The Council shall take no wiU l,1av~ about ~o adherents, shan~ in any policy by which comml,nl-

cants of anyone represented Church THE CONTINENT shall receive Holy Communion in another Church. 2. The Council shall A World Gathering oE Women take no share in any policy by which preachers of any .one C~urch shall AT Stockholm, from June roth to preach in the pubhc services of any 18th, is to be held a conference of other Church. 3. The Council shall the World's Young Women's Chrisnot countenance any college for the tian Association. This is the fifth training in common of ministers for such gathering, the previous World's episcopal and non-episcopal ministry. Conferences having been held in Lon- These provisions perpetuate division don, Geneva, Paris, and Berlin. The and stand as a barrier between theme announced is "The Place of Christians in fellowship, service, and the Young Women's Christian Assotraining for Christian work. ciation in the Home, the State, and the Church," and it is hoped that every A Moslem Mission to England nationality where the Association has gained a foothold may be represented THE reported acceptance of Islam at the Conference. This is not a by an Irish peer, Lord Headley, peace gathering, but every hour of has been widely commented upon the service will contribute to the ultiboth by the Christian and the Moslem mate peace of the world; it is not a press. Canon Weitbrecht, of India, council on reform, as such, but there refers to it in an interesting article in is no social reform the power of The M oslem World on past and pres- which will not be increased throughent Moslem attempts at proselytizing out the world after this meeting; it is in England. He quotes Lord Headley not a political meeting, but the world as saying that he had long been a politic for women will be clearer and Deist, and that when he met with a better defined; it is a religious conclear exposition of the faith of Islam, vention, yet every social problem of he felt that this satisfied his religious the day will come properly under the requirements. "It is sufficiently ob- topics included in its comprehensive vious," says Dr. Weitbrecht, "that a field. nominally Christian Deist who is ready to swallow the historical con- Help Secured for Albania tradictions of Islam, has but a very short step to take in order to become As a result of Rev. C. Telford a Moslem." The leading spirit in Erickson's recent visit to Amerithe present Moslem mission to Eng- ca the help so sorely needed has been land is Khwaja Kamal-ud-Din of secured-nearly $roo,ooo in all. Lahore, who conceived the idea of starting a mission to Christians pri- For a Boys' Boarding School ….. $15,000 marily with the idea of combating the For a Girls' Boarding School ….. 15,000 misrepresentation to which Islam is For a Mission Hospital ……….. 25,(]()O exposed in the West. For this pur- For a Church and Community Cenpose he urges that a new English translation of the Koran should be ter ………………………… 10,000 published to remove existing false For new missions in strategic cenimpressions, and says that the work has already been begun. Dr. Weit- ters ……………………….. 10,000 brecht's comment is: "This transla- Salaries, 10 or 12 new workers-edution, if it sees the light, should teach us some lessons about Scripture cational, medical, evangelistic, and translations made by a foreigner. industrial. Certainly in this, as in other matters, (At least $15,000 more is needed for the Khwaja has paid Christian mis- the medical work.) sions the compliment of imitation." This work will be conducted under the auspices of the American Board, and the missionaries hope to apply a healing touch to the life of the na- tion at the points of its greatest needs. As a result of over four cen- turies of Turkish occupation and of various periods of devastating war- fare this unfortunate nation is left

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wounded and naked, but not devoid German Gift to American Miuions of spirit. Rev. C. T. Erickson, Rev. Phinneas B. Kennedy, and their as- W E have already mentioned the sociates, will devote their energies to fund, amounting to over $1,- revivifying and rehabilitating this people, restoring normal healthy con- 000,000, raised by the Christian ditions, and helping the people up- people of Germany, Protestant and ward to the realization of lofty Chris- Catholic, on the occasion of the tian ideals. Men and women are Kaiser's Jubilee, for missionary work greatly needed for this important in the German colonies throughout work. Nearly fifty have volunteered, the world. It is interesting to know including physicians, teachers, minis- that the American Board has reters, and industrial experts. Funds ceived 3,000 marks ($720) from this are available for only ten or twelve, fund for its work in the Marshall and these will be sent out in the next Islands. Three of the four missioneighteen months. The new Prince of aries engaged in that work are of Albania is a Protestant, and sympa- German birth, so it was felt to be thetic with the missionary work. Pray suitable that the Board should share for Albania. in the fund. This Kaiser's Jubilee Fund is but one of a number of signs Religious Liberty in Greece and Servia of a genuine missionary revival among the German churches since ACORRESPONDENT sends to the Edinburgh Conference. A feder- Evangelical Christendom a letter ation of German societies has been from Greece calling attention to the effected, and there is great activity unsatisfactory condition of religious on all si~es. Mission-study circles liberty in the territories newly occu- are flourishing, summer conferences pied by Greece and Servia: "The Ser- are being conducted in different parts vian Constitution states: Art. 18. of the empire, and the Student Vol- 'There shall be perfect freedom of unteer movement is growing in the conscience in Servia? Everyone shall universities. The awakening of the be free to exercise his religion without people of the German Empire to their molestation, so far as none of its rites missionary obligations is one of the are contrary to the laws of the State. great and hopeful signs of our age. Art. 19. It is forbidden to take part in any movement against the Eastern MISCELLANEOUS Orthodox Church (proselytizing).' So far, none of the small evangelical com- A Suffering Missionary Hero munities in the new Servian territory has been forbidden to keep up its FOR 22 years George Hudson was gatherings for prayer and worship. a missionary in China, and there As the Serbs found them in existence rendered valiant service. His .scholarwhen they entered the country, it ship and power were marked, and it seems indisputable that Article 18 was a sad loss to the work when, at should apply to them. But does Ar- the height of his usefulness, he was ticle 19 mean that they may not in- stricken with cancer. Returning vite any Orthodox people to their home at the age of 47, he lies on a gatherings, or that any Orthodox bed of ceaseless torture at the Highperson who voluntarily attends is act- land Hospital, Asheville, North Caroing illegally? Of course, if they can- lina. Unable to obtain rest, day or not grow by outside accessions, night, he nevertheless lies there padeaths and removals of their members tiently, and he "never complains," soon will bring them to an end. Cer- says one who watches at his bedside. tainly a great deal-almost every- He has also been able to send forth thing-depends on the interpretation messages of spiritual power to many of the Constitution." others. Not long ago, during a night of pain, he dictated a lettergram to Mr. Cameron Johnson, who was to hold an important meeting in Rich-

mond, in which he said: "Praying compelled him to leave the work in unceasingly that God may awaken 1911. Two of his children are misour beloved Zion and the whole sionaries. Church of Christ to an adequate conception of the duty and privilege of Rev, George Owen of China carrying the gospel to the entire heathen world immediately. Beseech O NE of the veteran missionaries you to expect and attempt great of the London Missionary Sothings. N ever felt more hopeful. ciety in China, Rev. George Owen, Concerning myself, Ps. 23: 6; I Tim. died in London on February 18th. 1: 12. Tell the young people that He went out to China in 1865, and the missionary's career is the most after twelve years of service in glorious and has the fullest happiness Shanghai was transferred to Peking. possible. If I had a hundred lives He translated several important books I would give them all to the service into Chinese, among them a valuable of the blest Savior in China. The treatise on geology. For many years only regret I have is that I have not he translated into English the Peking been more faithful. Isaiah 55: 10- Gazette, the Imperial official organ.

13·" The work by which he will be George Hudson's time is short, but chiefly remembered is the translation of the New Testament into Manhis message of faith and cheer and darin, which he carried out in collaself-sacrifice may ring down the ages, boration with six others. The later and lead many to give themselves and years of his life, owing to his illtheir money to establish the King- health and that of his wife, were dom of Christ. spent in London, and since 1908 he has been Professor of Chinese in OBITUARY NOTES King's College, London.

Rev. Henry C. Haskell, D.O., of Bishop Penick, Formerly of Africa DR. Bulgaria T HE Rt. Rev. Charles Clifton HENRY C. HASKELL, for Penick, D.D., formerly Bishop of many years a missionary of the the missionary district of Cape Pal- American Board in Bulgaria, died mas, West Africa, died on April recently at Oberlin, Ohio, where he 13th, after a short illness, in Baltihas lived in retirement for the past more, Md. He was born 'near Danthree years. ville, Va., December 9, 1843, and re- ceived his early education in the pub- Henrv C. Haskell was born in lic schools. At the beginning of the Huntington, Mass., on December 28, Civil War he entered the Confederate 1853. He was a graduate of Wil- army, and served throughout the liams College and of Andover Semi- war, after which he entered the Virnary. On October 4, 1862, he ginia Theological Seminary at Alexsailed with his wife, and they took andria, and graduated in the class of up their residence at Sofia, joining 1869. After ministry in Bristol, Mr. and Mrs. Morse, who had Va., at Mount Savage, Md., and Balopened the station there but two timore, he was consecrated, in 1877, months previously. The next year as third Bishop of Cape Palmas, Af- Mr. and Mrs. Haskell were trans- rica. After several years of faithful ferred to Philippopolis, and were asso- work there his health became under- mined and he was compelled to reciated with Mr. and Mrs. J. F. sign in 1883. Returning to America, he served for ten years in Louis- Clarke. In 1871 they moved to Eski ville, Ky., Richmond, Va., and Fair- Zagra, but were compelled, for mont, W. Va. He acted for a time health reasons, to return to America as agent of the General Board of in 1872. Fifteen years later they set Missions in behalf of the colored work. out again, 'in restored health, for Bulgaria and settled in Samokov, and, later, in Philippopolis. Failing health AND MISSION LANDS THE MAN OF EGYPT. By Clayton Sedg- hitherto savage and intractable nawick Cooper, M.A. IlIustrated. 5~x8. tive~ of the Paraguayan Chaco." 300 pp. $1.25, net. Hodder & Stoughton New York and London, 1913. ' Vvlnle Mr. Grubb's previous avnoluUmne~ "An Unknown People in This well-illustrated, but unduly known Land," had stolen some of padded, volume bears the marks not the novelty from this later isonwe~rthhe only of a careful study of Egypt and still has much to say that its men, but it has the further value reading. Its first four chapters de- of being written by a world-traveler scribe the beginnings of a scheme for sec~rin~ an independent constituency whose comparative judgments are helpful. T~e three chapters on edu- wInch IS based upon harshness and a catIon, natIve and missionary, and questionable program. It reveals, an equal number upon Mohammedan- h0"Yeve:, a self:denying missionary ism are the most valuable from a mis- trymg III all thmgs to become like sionary point of view. Education ~mto his brethren. Folklore, heathen- through the American Mission (Uni- Ism, .and the heathen are clearly ted Presbyterian) is the best that described. Part II details the strug- Egypt has. In one of their Cairo in- gles resulting in established churches stitutions Mr. Cooper saw at a and their widespread influence. Part chapel exercise 250 boys and 170 I~~ is most instructive in its expo- girls, of whom 30 per cent. were sltJ?n of. methods employed, and in Moslems. Assiut College was even theIr vaned effects upon thrift and more impressive, with its 825 stu- social development. Mr. Grubb as- dents, . 599 being Protestants. The serts that at present there is a sin- author shows that the tendency is to- cere faith among the majority of the ward vocational training, and believes members, and. that great hrealsigiboeues~ moral, and social progress that the trained teacher is the turn- ing-point of educational advance. As made baemenon.gdetehmeedChhaocopelIensdsi,ands~owmehdo have to religion, he agrees with Lady Duff Gordon that ."this country is a t? d~structlOn and incapable of civi- palimpsest, in which the Bible is hzatlOn. Reasoning from the suc- w r itt e n over Herodotus and the cesses of early Jesuit missions to the Koran over that." Its ten and a Paraguayan iGhuevairtaanbils~ he believes that with an admixture of quarter million Mohammedans are Egypt's most serious problem, since white bloo.d the Chacos may exist in "there is no secular life to the Mos- strength; If they remain isolated and lem; all is teligion, and the Koran is uninfluenced by Christianity they the guide and center of every act." must disappear.

:rhe chapter o? Islam and modernity IS worth readmg, tho we think that PENNELL OF THE AFGHAN FRONTIER Life of.Theodore Leighton Pennell, M.D. By the author overestimates the ethical Alice M. Pennell. Illustrated, 8vo. lOs. 6d., net. Sealey, Service & Co., Ltd., ideals of that faith. London, 1914.

A C1iURCH IN THE WILDS. By W. Bar- The character of Dr. Theodore L. brooke Grubb. Edited by H. T. Morrey ~ennel1 was strong and lovable, and hiS career as a medical missionary on Jones, M.A. Illustrations and maps. the Afghan frontier was romantic and remarkable. Dr. Pennell was 5~x8. 287 pp. $1.50, net. E. P. Dutton born in England in 1867 and died 45 & Co., New York, 1914.

This' is "the remarkable story of the establishment of the Sou t h Am e tic a n Mission among the years later (1912), in Northwestern WHERE ANIMALS TALK. West African India, from septic poisoning contract- Folk-Lore Tales. By Robert H. Nased in operating on a fellow mission- sau. 12mo., 250 pp. $1.50, net. Richary. Between these two dates there ard G. Badger. Boston, 1912. flowed a life rich and fruitful, energetic, and devoted to God and hu- These stories by the honored vetermanity. There is inspiration in the an Vvest African missionary throw reading of the story of his twenty much light on African beliefs, cusyears in India, where he won great toms, and mental capacity. They will fame and affection by his unselfish be especially interesting to students service in the Bannu hospital. Dr. Pen- of folk-lore tales but are too much nell was a man of remarkable gifts, devoted to lying, theft, murder, and passing three language examinations other African vices to be adapted to in the first year on the field, and children. later becoming proficient in Urdu, Pushtu, Persian, and Arabic. Dr. JESUS CHRIST'S MEN. By Caroline At- Pennell's hospital and school became water Mason. 12mo. Cloth, 50 cents, famous all over India for their ex- net; paper, 35 cents. Griffith & Rowcellent results. He had only been in land Press, Philadelphia, 1913. Bannu a year when his patients numbered 220 a day-tho there was then This dramatic story of Baptist beno hospital. The stories of some of ginnings in foreign and home misthe patients-robbers and brigands- sionary work is introduced by a are of thrilling interest, and the ac- prolog setting forth the initial imcount of Dr. Pennell's tours in na- pulse of missions. The author pretive costume are full of adventure sents the foreign mission enterprise and information. The biography is a as inaugurated by the Judsons in ten collection of facts and incidents dramatic scenes, and the work of rather than a systematic presentation home missions in six scenes. The of the man and his work; but it is book is a series of scenes, dialogs, well worth reading, and will take its tableaux-whose presentation in conplace among entertaining and stimu- nection with Sunday-school enterlating missionary biographies. tainments or concerts, either in part or entire, will prove most interesting BLACK AND WHITE. By Lily H. Hammond. and effective. Illustrated, 12mo. 244 pp. $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1914. ANN OF AVA. By Ethel Daniels Hub- bard. 12mo. $1.00, net, "de luxe"; This is a Southern woman's inter- Cloth, 50 cents, net; paper, 35 cents. pretation of the Southern negro prob- Missionary Education Movement, New lem. The author is the daughter of York, and Griffith & Rowland Press, former slave-owners, and early be- Philadelphia, 1913. came interested in social problems in the North and the South. Mrs. Ham- This charming story for girls remond believes that the negro prob- lates to the life of Ann Hasseltine, lem is not peculiar to the South, but the wife of Adoniram Judson. For that all must have a hand in its solu- romance, heroism, self-sacrificing detion. She is optimistic, and looks for votion, this life story is especially the elevation of the negro, and believes noteworthy, and girls who read this that this is necessary for the well- book wiII receive an inspiration to being of the white race. Her book is noble womanhood. a sane study of the conditions in the South and the progress of the colored JUDSON THE PIONEER. By J. Mervin Hull. people in religion and education, in 12mo. Cloth, SO cents, net; paper, 35 home life and business. It is a useful cents. Griffith & Rowland Press, and wholesome study of the problem Philadelphia, 1913. and its solution. The life of Adoniram Judson is here told in the form of a most interesting story for boys. For the man who would read something that will recall his boyhood days, for the boy who wants a "thriller," this wjJJ

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

prove an absorbing tale of adventure during Dr. Zwemer's visit to Ameri- and achievement. ca, and the many interesting and THE IMMORTAL SEVEN. By James L. Hill. 12mo, 150 pp. Cloth, 50 cents, stirring topics that find a place in the net; paper, 35 cents. Griffith & Row- land Press, Philadelphia, 1913. Times are so strongly presented that Adoniram and Mrs. Judson, Mr. the effect on its wide circle of read- and Mrs. Samuel Newell, Luther Rice, Gordon Hall, and Samuel Nott ers and on missionary progress must are "The Immortal Seven," the first foreign missionaries to sail from be definite and powerful. We know North America one hundred years ago. The author has presented a of no paper that gives a more promass of material in sketches which combine biography, history, romance, found spiritual note, or is more adventure, in the lives of these early missionaries. stimulating to practical Christian "EVERYLAND" FOR CHILDREN. character and service than The Sun- day-School Times. Friends of the delightful magazine started for children by Mrs. H. W. NEW BOOKS Peabody will be interested to know that the Missionary Education Move- THE EVOLUTION OF A MISSIONARY. A Biogment, the Central Committee for raphy of John Hyde De Forest. By Char- United Study, and the Council of lotte B. De Forest. Introduction by Prof. Women for Home Missions have Harlan P. Beach, D.D., RF.G.S. Illustaken over the support and publica- trated, 12mo, 299 pp. $1.50,,,net. Fleming tion of Everyland. In future it will H. Revell Company, New xark, 1914. present the interests of the home land equally with the foreign. The maga- STUDIES OF MISSIONARY LEADERSHIP (The zine is now issued by the Missionary Smyth Lectures for 1913). By Robert E. Education Movement, and is in Speer. 12mo, 283 pp. $1.50, net. Prescharge of an editorial committee com- byterian Board of Publication, Philadelposed of two representatives from phia, 1914. each organization, and one additional member chosen by all. Already the THE CHILD IN THE MIDST. A Comparative subscription list has greatly enlarged, Study of Child WeI£are in Christian and and it will have an increasing circu- Non-Christian Lands. By Mary Schauflation as it well deserves and rapidly fier Labaree (Mrs. Benjamin W. Labbecome self-supporting. The new aree). Illustrated, 12mo, 272 pp. 50 cents, number for April is most attractive net. The Central Committee on the Uniand instructive. It should be in ted Study of Foreign Missions, West every Christian home and school Medford, Mass., 1914. where there are children. JESUS CHRIST'S MEN. By Caroline Atwater THE SUNDAy-SCHOOL TIMES. Mason. 50 cents, net. American Baptist Foreign Mission Society, Philadelphia, Has been rendering valuable service 1914. to the missionary cause by its stirring articles, and the excellent bi-monthly THE EXPANSION OF CHRISTENDOM. A Study contributions to The Missionary in Religious History. By Mrs. Ashley Watch-Tower from Prof. Harlan P. Carus-Wilson. New and revised edition. Beach, of Yale. These contributions 276 pp. 3s. 6d., net. Hodder & Stoughinclude pithy, striking, up-to-date ton, London, 1913. news from the "firing-line" in the mission field, and remarkable stories MANUAL OF MISSIONS. By Carl Leroy Howof recent progress in various lands. land, Ph.B. Introduction by Bishop W. Prayers for Moslems were printed T. Hogue. 75 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1914.

RECRUITS FOR WORLD CONQUESTS. By Prof. Lee R Scarborough. 12mo. 75 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York.

AMONG THE PRIMITIVE BAKONGO. By John H. Weeks. Illustrated, 318 pp. 16s., net. Seeley, London, 1914.

A FATHER IN GOD. The Episcopate of Wil- liam West Jones, D.D., Archbishop of Capetown and Metropolitan of South Africa (1874-1908). By M. H. M. Wood. Illustrated, 500 pp. 18s., net. Macmil- lan, London, 1913.

THE HANDBOOK OF UGANDA. Compiled by H. R Wallis, C.M.G. Illustrated, map, xix-220 pp. 2s. 6d., net. Published for Government of the Uganda Protectorate by Crown Agents for the Colony, 1913.

THE SOUTH AFRICAN SCENE. By V. R Markham. 400 Jlp. 7s. 6d., net. Smith Elder, London, 1913.

[June A MASTER BUILDER ON THE NILE. Being the SILVER CHIMES IN SYRIA. Glimpses of a Missionary's Experience. By W. S. Nel- Record of the Life and Labors of John son, D.D. Illustrated, 16mo, 174. pp. 75 cents, llet. The vVestminster Press, Phila- Hogg, D.D. By Rena L. Hogg. Illus- delphia, 1914.

trated, 8vo. $1.50, net. Fleming H. Rev- THE PREACHING OF ISLAM. By T. W. Ar- nold. Second edition, xvi-467 pp. ell Co., New York, 1914. 16s. 6d., net. Constable, London, 1913.

IN BLACK AND WHITE. An Interpretation THE MEXICAN PEOPLE: THEIR STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM. By L. Guteirrez de Lara and of Southern Life. By L. H. Hammond. Edgcumb Pinchon. Illustrated. $1.50, net. Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden With an Introduction by James H. Dil- City, N. Y., 1914.

lard, M.A., LL.D. Illustrated, 12mo, 244 FATHER LACOMBE. The Black-Robe Voy- ageur. By Katherine Hughes. Frontispp. $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., piece, 8vo., 467 pp. $1.50. net. Moffat, Yard & Lo., New York, 1914. New York, 1914. JAVA, SUMATRA AND THE OTHER ISLANDS THE EDUCATION OF WOMEN IN JAPAN. By OF THE DUTCH EAST INDIES. By Ca- baton. Charles Scribner's, New York. Margaret E. Burton. Illustrated, 12mo, 1912.

268 pp. $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell Company, New York, 1914.

ASPECTS OF JAPAN. Being four series of lectures delivered at the Su,mmer School for Missions, Karuizawa, 1913. By 5. H.

Wainwright, D.D., S. Anezaki, Ph.D., H.

B. Schwartz, D.D., J. N aruse. 191 pp.

70 sen. Kyo Bun KW:lll, Tokyo, 1913.

THE EDUCATION OF WOMEN IN JAPAN. By Margaret E. Burton. Illustrated, 12mo. PAMPHLETS AND PERIODICALS $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1914. . CHINESE STUDENTS AND CHINA'S RELIGIOUS THE CROSS IN JAPAN. A Study in Achieve- AWAKENING. A complete Report of the ment and Opportunity. By Fred. Eugene Addresses and Discussions in the Con- Hagin. Illustrated, 8vo. $1.50, nct. ference of the Chinese Students' Chris- Fleming H. Revel! Co., New York, 1914. tian Association in North America, held INDIA, MALAYSIA, AND THE PHILIPPINES. at Kansas City during the Student Volun- By W. F. Oldham. The Methodist Book teer Convention in January, 1914. Fron- Concern, New York, 1914. e. e. tispiece, vi-76 pp. Paper, 25 cents per A MISSIONARY MOSAIC FROM CEYLON. By copy. S. A., 124 E. 28th Street, Edward Strutt. 251 pp. 3s. 6d., net. New York, 1914.

Kelly, London, 1913. PRESBYTERIAN MEDICAL MISSIONS. A Sketch of the Medical and Philanthropic Work STATEMENT EXHIBITING THE MORAL AND of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. By MATERIAL PROGRESS AND CONDITION OF Abram Woodruff Halsey. Illustrated, INDIA, from 1911-1912 and the nine pre- 12mo, 127 pp. Board of Foreign Mis- sions of the Presbyterian Church, New ceding years. 427 pp. 4s. 6d. Wyman, York, 1914.

London, 1913.

CHINA REVOLUTIONIZED. By John Stuart Thomson. Illustrated, 8vo, 590 pp. $2.50, net.' Bobbs-Merrill Co., Indianapolis, e. MEXICAN WAR ATLAS. 10 cents per copy. H. Hammond & Co., 30 Church Street, 1914. New York, 1914. – THE CHINESE PEOPLE. A Handbook on e. China. By A. E. Moule, D.D. Illustrated, CENTENNIAL SOUVENIR OF THE MARATHI 470 pp. 5s., net. S. P. K., London, MISSION of the American Board of 1914. Commissioners for Foreign Missiol1s, THE STORY OF THE CHURCH IN CHINA. By 1813-1913. Prepared by A. H. Clark A. R. Gray and A. M. Sherman. Illus- Illustrated, 47 pp.

trated,. 373 pp. 75 cents. Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society, New York, REPORT OF THE THIRTY-FIRST ANNUAL LAKE MOHONK CONFERENCE of Friends of the 1913. Indian and Other Dependent Peoples. October 22, 23 and 24, 1913. Reported THE BALKANS. By Wm. M. Sloane. $1.50, by Miss Lilian D. Powers. Edited by the Secretary. 224 pp. Lake Mohonk net. The Methodist Book Concern, New Conference, 1913.

York, 1914.

CHIN HSING (FORWARD MARCH) IN CHI- NA. By Edith Hart and Lucy C. Sturgis.

98 pp. Paper, 35 cents i cloth, 50 cents. JUDSON STORIETTES. By]. Mervin Hull. IOc. American Baptist Foreign Mis- Domestic and Foreign Missionary So- sion Society, Boston, 1913.

ciety, New York, 1914.

BULGARIA AND HER PEOPLE. Together with A LIVELY TRIP WITH SHWE O. 3c. Amer- ican Baptist Foreign Mission Society, an Account of the Bulgars in Macedonia. Boston, 1913. By Professor Will S. Monroe. Illus- THE HANDBOOK OF THE AMERICAN BAPTIST trated, $3.00, net. The Page Company, FOREIGN MISSION SOCIETY. Maps, pp. II7. 25c., net. Ford Building, Boston, Boston, 1914.

REVOLUTION AND OTHER TALES. By Mar- garet E. Baldwin. 16mo., pp. 96. Is. net.

Church Missionary Society, London, 1913. 1913·

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1914

BILLINGS

Clues to the Contents THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE VJORLD, APRIL, 1914 TYENTY QUESTIONS ANSWERED IN THIS NUMBER PREPARED BY MRS. F. M. GILBERT, BROOKLYN, N. Y.

1. Vhy did an angry woman in India tear the carriage-doors off their hinges?

2. 'What did Dr. Somerville call the best prayer-book in the world? 3. What traveler sent a postal-card that a Boston policeman wanted to have framed and hung in his room? 4. 'Then was a red handkerchief wound in a man's turban like the scarlet cord hung from Rahab's window in Jericho? 5. 'What is the significance of the House of Service in Bombay? 6. When was a special government cruiser used to take delegates to a Christian student convention? 7. What was the reply of the woman in India when asked why she was measuring her length in the dust? 8. How many graduates of Japanese Government colleges have gone into Christian work? 9. How many members are enrolled in the Chinese Student Vo!tm- teer Movement? 10. Why could not the servant maid be trusted to dust the library? 11. iVhen did a page from a hymn-book save the possessor from being shot as a spy in Mexico? 12. Nhy did some village mayors commit to memory the story of the life of Christ? 13. In the Hindu Congress what vote was passed in reference to the Untouchables? 14. What would be the population of the United States of America if it were as densely populated as China? IS. In what non-Christian country is' paid newspaper advertising being used to spread the Gospel? 16. What is done in Nigeria with a person who has been struck by lightning? I7. What effect did the arrival of a baby have on cannibals? 18. Where do Christians not only have the habit of asking a blessing before eating, but also regularly offer prayers before start- ing out to work? 19. What interesting object was found under the basket on a heap of ashes in India? 20. In what ceremony of initiation did they use a Koran, a Bible, and a revolver?

~"",".WfliIlWl1lll1il~,Jl1 Born in Boston, December 12, 1842. Died in Shanghai, January 29, 1914 President of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions; Chairman of tlle Executive Committee of the Laymen's IVlissionary Movemetnt; President of the Congregational Sund.y-School and Publishing Society; President of the Board of Trustees of Wellesley College; President of the Massa- chusetts Peace Society, etc., etc., etc.

Missionary

® of the World ~ Vol. XXXVII, NO.4 APRIL, 1914 Vol. XXVII, NO.4 Old Series New Series Signs of the' Times THEMASS MOVEMENTS IN INDIA induce them to accept Christ; for it readiness of low-caste or out- is seriously alleged that 15,000,000 caste peoples in India to enroll people among India's lower classes as Christian catechumens must not are practically certain to come into be understood always to mean an in.,. the Church as soon as they are telligent acceptance of Christ as Lord invited. And many are pressing and Savior. It is often due to a desirl! for the privilege, Missionaries reto escape from the evils of their low- port that they are being constantly caste condition. This desire is, how,,, beset by in,vitations from all direcever, a God-given opportunity to tions to go out into the country vilgive them the Gospel. The extent of lages and baptize the people. The this movement Christward is shown btrongest center of this movement is by an investigation made recently by in the neighborhood of Delhi, where The Indian Witness (Calcutta) iu 350,000 people are ready to embrace the seven large geographical areas Christianity. But there are also where so-called mass movements of almost equal phenomenal trends of the lower classes toward Christianity the same nature in the Punjab and· have been observed. In all these sec- Central Provinces, and in Baroda. tions, large as they are, The Witness found only 20 foreign missionaries A CONFERENCE OF VIUAG£ at work. Yet within these areas and MAYORS IN INDIA under such necessarily restricted instruction, 140,000 people have been AMERICA and England have spebaptized in the last few years. But this number, large as it is, bears no cial meetings for street-car concomparison to The Witness's stag- ductors, for policemen, for business gering estimate of the numbers who men and others, but in India a speare ready to come and really await mal BiblE; conference has been held nothing more than the invitation to for the mayors, or head men, of vil- . lages, who have become interested in Christianity, It was expected that The editors seek 10 preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REvn:w, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions e~rest, nor for positions taken by con· tributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS. possibly 50 or 60 might attend, but among the Yoruba people. On a re- to the astonishment of the mission- cent tour in one of the inland dis- aries, more than 200 presented them- tricts the Government officer in selves for ins"truction. They were charge remarked that before long the accompanied by their wives and chil- whole district would be Christian.

dren, and remained in attendance Statistics bear out this statement.

about two weeks. Part of the time Certain it is that heathenism is was devoted to study of the life and doomed. In many villages the teachings of Christ, and part to the church, in others the mosque. is tak- discussion of village problems, in- ing the place of the idol groves. In cluding idolatry and superstitious the next decade or two the question customs. will be settled whether the Cross or The great temptation to the aver- the Crescent, Christ or Mohammed, age village Christian in India has is to be in possession of this country.

been participation in heathen birth- Jf the Christian Church· is only day rites, heathen wedding cere- sufficiently alive she will win the monies, and special feast-day cele- people for her Master. In any case brations. After much prayerful there can be no doubt of the wide- consideration, it was decided by the spread movement toward Christian- assembled mayors that as these cus- ity at the present time.

toms are opposed to the teachings of "At a recent meeting of the gov- Jesus, they must be banished from erning body of the mission we had community life at any cost. There- before us 50 urgent claims for teach- fore they pledged themselves to use ers for important places where there their best efforts to abolish them. were already considerable congrega- • This effort will have far-reaching tions, and our supply for the year consequences because these 200 vil- from our training institutions was lage mayors preside over a popula- only l5!

tion of fully 40,000 people among Give us sufficient missionaries, help the deprest classes. Those who were us to train sufficient teachers, and unable to read memorized the story we may be able so to seize the oppor- of Christ's life in order that they tunity that a strong and living might tell it and apply its teachings Church may be the outcome of the to the life of their villagers. Such present movement, and this will conferences may be greatly used in affect the whole of West Africa."

the development of Christianity in WOMEN UNITE IN MISSIONARY India. EFFORT A MASS MOVEMENT IN NIGERIA T HE women's boards of missions T HE mass movements to Chris- are leading the way in the cause tianity which have been so strik- of Church unity, for while the ing a feature of missionary work in churches are still mainly discussing India, are being reproduced in other unity, they have formed, quietly and countries, for a writer in the Church almost unknown to the public, a union Missionary Review tells of a similar called the Federation of Women's movement in Southern Nigeria, Boards of Foreign Missions of the

OF THE TIMES

United States, composed of represen- blanks, for many Home Mission sot2.tives of I7 denominational boards cieties do not know the facts about and the National Board of Young their own fields, and others are un- 'Nomen's Christian Associations. willing to make public the fads they have. This work of the committee, There are four Territorial Com- however, is a step in advance, and missions connected with the Federa- we expect that in a few years the 11on, with headquarters at New York, work of Home Mission Boards will Chicago, Nashville, San Francisco. be coordinated, studied, and systema- There is also a General Advisory tized so as to bring it up to the same Commission, with headquarters at standard of efficiency as that of For- New York. The object of the Fed- eign Missions. The really scientific, eration is to promote unity, Chris- united study of Horne Missionary tian fellowship and cooperation problems and progress has only just among women's boards; to encourage begun. In Foreign Missions such and disseminate the best methods of study began some twenty-five years work, and to unitedly plead for the outpouring of the Spirit of God upon ago. the Church of Christ. In the present statistical report, the The Boards of Home Missions have work of thirty-eight Home Missionfollowed much the same lines. Be- ary organizations are more or less ginning with the publication of fully reported. They show a total of united study books, then holding $IO,6S3,II9 appropriated for work in summer schools of missions, they America, through the Home Mission organized in I908 the Council of Boards. Of this amount only $1,046,- Women for Home Missions. 335 is for general evangelism. The totals given are as follows: THE HOME MISSIONARY For Support of Mission STATISTICS Churches ……….. $3.116.242.98 T HE Home Missions Council, com- " Church and Parsonage Buildings ……….. 614,988.99 posed of representatives of the various Boards operating in America, " General Evangelism .. 1,046,335.07 has already achieved much in the in- " Work Among Immiterests of harmony, cooperation, and progress in North American mis- grants …………. . 445,326.91 sions. Their committee on the sur- " American Indians …. . 256,115.88 vey and occupation of the field have " Mountaineers …….. . 221,878.04 presented a preliminary report, and " the Negroes ……… . 403,611.11 it is hoped that the result will be a " Other Dependent readjustment of workers in oversupplied and in neglected territory. Peoples ………… . 253,168.50 " Alaska …………… . 105,392.60 The Committee on Statistics has " Cuba and Porto Rico .. 255,592.90 also collected the first comprehensive ," Sunday-school Missions ~7,133.66 set of Home Mission statistics that .. Maintenance of Mission have ever been gathered for the united States. As might be expected, these Schools ………… . 1,085,207.31 are still incomplete, having many .. Publication Work …. . 446,067.39 " Specials ………….. . 593,637.36 The Presbyterian Board of Home Missions reports the largest budget- amounting to $1.475.853.81, while the

Methodist Episcopal Board (North) cd, churchless people, and some negcomes second with $1,000,715.92, and lected areas, but in proportion to the the American Christian Missionary money spent on the remainder of the Society third with $881,180.14. In non-Christian world the amount cost of administration the Methodists spent for Christian work in the Uni- (North) stand first, $65,316.42 (631;l ted States is not small. per cent.); the Protestant Episcopal Church, second, $57.477.00 (includ- There is still great need for coing foreign administration expenses) ; operation and an earnest study of and the Presbyterians are third- Home Mission problems. A clearing $54,033-49 (3% per cent.). house for information on the sub- ject is needed, and an executive com- No record is given of the number mittee from all the Boards could of missionaries, churches, or schools make a valuable presentation of the supported, or of the number of com- present weaknesses and needs of the municants or conversions. If these fig- Home Missionary situation. ures could be obtained they would make an interesting study. From the UNITED HOME MISSION EFFORT financial statement little can be learned in regard to efficiency. We UTAH presents a unique field, in note, however, that the Baptist Home that it is the home of "Islam in Mission Society makes the largest appropriation from its budget for America"-the organization s elf – education; the Methodists and the termed the "Latter-Day Saints," but American Christian Missionary So- not so recognized by others. Utah ciety for church sustentation; the has, therefore, been one of the most Presbyterians (North) for evangel- difficult of the Home Mission fields ism and education, and the Protestant and presents an unusually strong Episcopal Church for "specials." challenge to all evangelical Chris- tians to win this mountain stronghold In work for special classes the for Christ. Presbyterians (North) spend most on the immigrants, Alaska, and Indians; On February 9th and 10th an imthe Methodist Women's Home Mis- portant conference was held in Salt sionary Society for the mountaineers; Lake City between representatives of the United Presbyterians for the ne- the various Protestant churches of groes; the Protestant E pis cop a 1 Utah and a deputation frol11 the Church for Cuba and for publication Home Missions Council. The purwork. pose was to consider united plans for the advancement of vital Christianity There is, no doubt, much more in Utah. Papers were read by money snent on Home Missions than Bishop Spalding, of the Protestant is here reported. Over half of the Episcopal Church; by Rev. P. A. Boards did not respond to the re- Simpkin, of the Congregational quest for figures. City Missions also Church; by Dr. Bowennan, of the demand a large amount, and the ex- Baptist Church, and others. It was penses of self-supporting churches pointed out that public school educaare estimated to reach over $275,- tion is making rapid advance in 000,000. America has many neglect- Utah, and that Mormons also have their own academics and colleges.

As a result, there is not a great need The flrst part translated and pub- for Protestant missions to conduct lished comprises the epistles to the schools for secular education, except Thessalonians, and the text of West- for the sake of offering distinctively cott and Hart has been made the Christian training. general basis of the translation. In There is need for progress and re- the critical notes appended various adjustment among th~ various de- Protestant scholars are mentioned, nominations in their church work. and the editors frankly declare:· "The The whole field should be surveyed great advances made in textual criti- by a representative body, in order cism, the light thrown upon New that any towns or fields comparative- Testament Greek by the Egyptian ly over-supplied with Protestant papyri, and the existence of many churches may reach a union agree- needless· obscurities and faults in the ment, and that the unoccupied or current version [the Douai], all de- poorly manned fields may be sup- mand a more accurate translation, if plied. Steps were taken at the Con- the exhortations of the Holy See to a ference to organize a State Federa- more frequent and fruitful perusal of tion of "1orkers, with a representa- the sacred writings are to meet with tive council. This Federation is to general acceptance."

hold a two-weeks' institute each year T to bring together pastors and other SLAVERY A LIVE ISSUE STILL workers to study the problems before HERE is still much to be done to them. Let other States follow with drive slavery out of Africa, but some such plan for united study of the statement of the Echo de Paris their field and aggressive cooperative that the French have done away with effort. the slave markets in Morocco means that the first step has been taken CATHOLICS TRANSLATING THE toward the abolition of slavery in BIBLE that country. Something over 3,000 slaves, it is estimated, are imported I T is significant that in these days .of world-wide distribution and into Morocco every year, most of study of the Bible, the Roman Catho- them being brought by the terrible lic Church should also have a move- desert routes from Equatoria and the ment toward a more accurate knowl- Sudan, the trails of the slave cara- edge of it. The Douai version, which, vans being marked by the bleaching according to the canon law, must be bones of the thousands.

used whenever the gospels or epistles In England an important memorial are read in the church service, was has been presented to Premier As- based on the Latin Vulgate in 1610, quith, in which the Government was and reproduces its faults. Two at- urged to take some action to sup- tempts have been made within the press the alleged slavery. This was last hundred years to produce trans- signed by such notable men as Lord lations from the original Greek, and Cromer, Lord Curzon, and James noW two English Jesuits have under- Bryce. The Committee of the Anti- taken a translation which has the Slavery and Aborigines Protective Papal approbation. Society has decided to take imme- THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD diate steps with the object of creat- practise. The evangelical Christians ing a sister organization in America are in the supremacy, and those of to cooperate with the English society different denominations are uniting to in watching all matters in which evangelize France on spiritual lines. joint Anglo-American action might They rely not on mental argument but be desirable. The officials of the on the power of the Holy Spirit. English society say it is admitted that "Free thinking" is losing ground in slave owning, slave trading, and the country at large, especially great cruelty to native races are among educated classes, and the rewidely prevalent throughout the ligious spirit is returning. If French tropical regions of South America Protestant Christians can be thorand Mexico, but the trouble is that oughly awakened, there may be ex- Great Britain can not act without pected a movement of the masses appearing to menace the Monroe toward full surre'nder to the claims of Doctrine, while, on the other hand, Jesus Christ. Pray for France. Washington apparently hesitates to act alone for fear of creating a feel- MISSIONS IN THE CURRICULUM ing of resentment throughout South America. The Latin republics are W HAT would men with a worldaware of this dilemma, and are playing off Great Britain against Amer- wide vision have thought fifty, ica, so as to block reforms. Hence, or even twenty-five years ago, if it is said, the only solution is joint they had been told that to-day uni- Anglo-American action. v e r sit i e s would be establishing "chairs of missions" and comparative SPIRITUAL LIFE IN FRANCE religion? It is an impre sive sign of the increasing acknowledgment of the FRANCE, the land so intimately importance of missions and mission associated with infidelity and im- study that Teachers' College of Columbia University in New York purity, is also the land of the Hugue~ City has recently established such a nots and other devoted followers of chair. To this position has been Christ. Among French Protestants, called Dr. T. H. P. Sailer, honorary who were so long fettered by State educational secretary of the Presbycontrol, there are to-day many signs terian Board of Foreign Missions. of a deepening of spiritual life. Pastor The aim of this new department will Ruben Saillens writes that the sepa- be to give special preparation to ration of Church and State, with its young people who plan to become attendant loss of financial support to teachers on the foreign mission the Church, has brought new power fields. with the necessity of self-support. The greatest enemies to-day are within The next step should be the inthe Church itself. Those who hold to troduction of mission study courses rationalistic criticism of the Bible and in all our denominational colleges and modern views of Christ and the atone- theological seminaries. Drew Theoment are contending for supremacy logical Seminary has recently called with those who take Christ and the Prof. E. D. Soper, of Ohio Wesleyan Bible as their standards for fajth and College, to their newly established chair of missions.

CC1Uest we~ QHALL not this Dialrram remind us of

I t ,,~~ WORLD'S NEED and the OPPORTU N ITV orget. Lfthe BIBLE SOCIETIES ve us to meet it.

LANGUAGES TRANSLATED .. -. -.. … … … 500 I AND DIALECTS AWAITING TRANSLATION … … … 1,000 ~ Every day may make or mar tbe future of great peoples. tOOl

S. B. CAPEN AND THE AMERICAN BOARD CENTENARY COM;f1SSION AND STANDJNG COMMITTEE OF BOMBAY

Standing, at left: Rev. R. A. Hume, D.D., and his son, R. E. Hume. Seated, f rom left to right: Miss Bridgman, Miss Hall, Rev. G. A. H~lIl Mrs, Ball, Pre.ident Capen, Nrs , Cap~n, lIiiss Cilpell, lIii§s j3.oQmgn, pr, W, /,;, Stropg, I'! irq,!l, gl right; R~y, Willi.!!] Hll<e!];

B. CAPEN AT SIXTEEN, HIS BROTHER AND

Samuei Capen stands to the left. His brother died after serving in the Army. The fae… of the parents show their refinement and Christian character A Christian .Layman with Power A SKETCH OF THE LIFE AND WORK OF SAMUEL B. CAPEN BY REV. JAMES L. BARTON, D.D., BOSTO N , MASS.

AMUEL BILLINGS ton City Missionary Society, and of the United Society of Christian Endeavor. mS CAPEN. born in Bos- He was one of the prime movers in mu- ton, Mass., December nicipal reform, represented by the Bos- 12, 1842, ah i died in ton Municipal League, of which he was Shanghai, China, Jan- an officer. He was a member of the uary 29, 1914. Educa- Boston School Committee, and for one year was chairman of the Board. A ted in the Quincy member and an officer in the Boston Chamber of Commerce, and a member Grammar and the English High Schools of the Board of Managers of its North American Civic League for Immigrants, of Boston, he began his business career and a leading member of the Watch and Ward Society. At the time of his death in 1859 as a clerk in a carpet firm, which he was president of the Board of Trus- tees of Wellesley College; chairman {If he helped to reorganize as a partner in the Executive Committee, as well as charter member, of the Laymen's Mis- 1864. In this firm of Torrey, Bright. sionary Movement; president of the Massachusetts Peace Society, and a trusand Capen he remained active until five tee of the World Peace Foundation; years ago, when he retired, that he might give his entire time to re- ligious and philanthropic work. He held many and diversified positions of influence. He was president of the Congregational Sunday-school and Pub- lishing Society, director of the American Congregational Association, of the Bos-

president of the Massachusetts Bible to a great number associated with Society; and also president of the Amer- him in a variety of enterprises, a ican Board of Commissioners for For- sense of personal bereavement, and eign Missions, to which position he was this feeling is not confined to the elected in 1899. communion of which he was a con- spicuous member, but extends to a In September of last year he started far wider circle, among all com- for India at the head of a commission munions. We know that the es- to represent the American Board at the teem, honor, and even affection, in centenary services commemorating a which he was held, was not because hundred years of American Missions in of any official position in state or India, and also to speak for the World nation, or for any books that he had Peace Foundation. He attended the written, for unusual administrative commemorative services held in Bombay ability exercised in connection with and also in Ahmednagar, during the first some institution or institutions, for half of November, giving addresses of any great measures inaugurated, or striking force and significance upon each for any display of conspicuous abil- occasion. He then spent one and a half ity or brilliancy. months in inspecting mission work in India and Ceylon and in giving ad- Dr. Capen was a layman in the dresses, sailing for the farther East from church, and an unofficial citizen in Colombo, Ceylon, on December 28th. After his own city and State, but one al- brief stops at Canton and Fuchau, he ways ready, even eager, to contrib- reached Shanghai late in January. He ute, to the extent of his capacity, to was accompanied upon this journey by the welfare of all, and to give him- Mrs. Capen and their only daughter, also self for the success of every worthy by Dr. William E. Strong, editorial sec- enterprise having as its end the pro- retary, and Rev. George A. Hall, a memo tection of the opprest, the elevation ber of the Prudential Committee of tlF and Christianization of society, and American Board. On the 26th of Jan- the consummation of the Kingdom uary he became ill of pneumonia, and of God on earth. He regarded his on the 29th he was not, for God had position as teacher in the Sunday- taken him. The body was cremated at school of his home church as equally. . Shanghai. in;portant work as the performan~e of his duties as chairman of the After hearing Dr. Capen's addresses, Executive Committee of the Lay- and meeting him personally, the na- men's Missionary Movement and as tives of India, both Christian and president of the American Board of Hindu, were astonished to know that Commissioners for Foreign Missions. he was not a clergyman. Why a lay- To each task he gave his best. Here- man should leave his home and his in lies the secret of the general sense business and travel around the world of loss when it was known that his upon such a mission, was beyond pIace in these varied organizations their comprehension. This attitude and interests had become vacant, and of mind can be more readily under- the reason why the great number of stood when we know that his ad- those closely associated with him dress, delivered before the great cen- were conscious that they had lost not tenary gathering at Bombay, met to celebrate one hundred years of American missions in India, was upon the subject, "The Cross of Christ."

The news of his death has given

A CHRISTIAN LAYMAN WITH POWER

only a highly valued co-worker, but Every gathering, society, and com- a real personal friend. mittee was glad to see Mr. Capen It is too early to give an adequate come in; he brought cheer and op- Cbtimate of the character and life of timism and courage.

this Christian layman, who, tho de- (2) He wa:s able to harmonize prived of what we are accustomed to discordant elements. Perhaps in this call a liberal education, had been faculty lies one of the secrets of the honored by three well-known col- desire of so many organizations to leges with university degrees, who have him on the board. Perhaps the displayed marked qualities of leader- earliest, and one of the most con- ship, entered into a wide variety of spicuous, illustrations of this ability activities, touched many vital inter- was his influence on the Boston ests in city and State, and was closely School Board, which position he held related to so many benevolent and for five years, at a critical time in its religions organizations affecting di- history. Politics, and perhaps some- rectly the betterment of society and thing worse, had got into the Board, the triumph of the Church. and reforms were necessary to save We will consider a few of the out- the school system of Boston. The s tan din g characteristics of Dr. Board itself was made up of a num- Capen, each one of which has con- ber of inharmonious and contending tributed materially to his conspicuous elements. To this body Mr. Capen success as a Christian layman and was elected, and here he had one of leader. his first severe schoolings, testing (I) He was invariably cordial and his ability to the utmost, to unite courteous. No one ever saw Mr. warring forces and make them act Capen crabbed and out-of-sorts. He together for the best interests of the was always full of good nature, the city. He succeeded even beyond his embodiment of kindness and thought- own expectations. He Was later fulness to all. This temper and elected chairman of the Board, and spirit was equally manifest in all to the end of his official service his circles and to all classes. A young committee was with him. This fac- man who had come up from the mes- ulty, developed under those early try- senger service told the writer that he ing circumstances, he carried with always was delighted to have a mes- him into every committee and every sage to carry to Mr. Capen, jecause organization of which he became a he never failed to get from him a member.

word of comfort and cheer and en- (3) His interests and sympathies <:ouragement. This good-nature had were world-wide. This statement is become a part of his character and abundantly revealed by the variety of temperament; it was as natural to objects to which he gave himself. In him as to breathe. He was fond of his local church he was one of the a good story, and knew well how to most earnest and conspicuous work- tell one. He was· slow to criticize ers. His interest in the Indian anyone, and refrained from speak- question was manifest by his early ing evil. If he could not say a good relation to the organization having thing for a person, he: kept silent. for its object the protection of our

aborigines. His relation to the North Mr. Capen's interests and activities American Civic League for Immi- we can not but be imprest with their grants, and the articles which he variety and breadth. wrote upon that subject, revealed (4) He was most unselfish. I his deep interest in the immigration venture the statement that no one problem. His pOSltlOn upon the ever knew of his seeking any posi- School Board, to which reference has tion for himself, or of his consulting just been made, and his leadership his own personal wishes and desires in civic and political organizations before undertaking any assigned that had for their object the clean- task. The one question that he ing-up of the city and the purifying seemed to ask himself was: What of politics, showed how he threw ought to be done? And when that himself into the cause of civic order . question was definitely settled, it and righteousness. He had long never was revised or reviewed at been identified with peace propagan- the bar of, What would I like perda, attending with great regularity sonally to do? He was not afraid the arbitration conferences at Lake of the categorical imperative "ought," Mohonk; was widely recognized in and never seemed to allow any the Massachusetts Peace Society as place, in discussing his daily task, a leader, was made its honored for his personal likes and dislikes. president, and was also trustee of If he took a parlor car, it was for the World Peace Foundation. His the purpose of husbanding his interest in general education is mani- strength, that he might better accomfested by his efforts for the schools plish the object of the journey. of Boston and by his election to the The reports which have come back Board of Trustees of WeHesley Col- from his recent work as a member of lege, and, later, to the presidency the American Board Commission to of that Board. He had long been Jndia, have demonstrated the truth known in his own denomination as a of this statement. At every point, promoter and supporter of home fro111 the time he sailed until the missions, he serving for some years time of his death, he gave himself to as president on one of the home mis- others. The abandon with which he sionary boards, in which capacity he did this was a marvel to the misrendered conspicuous service. He sionaries, as well as to his associates. was equally interested in city mis- He consulted only the wishes of sions; and for the last fourteen years others and what seemed to be the he most ably filled the position of right thing to do. Had he consulted president of the American Board of more his own resources of strength, Commissioners for Foreign Missions. it is possible that he might have re- He took a prominent part in the sisted the disease that finally came Ecumenical Missionary Conference, upon him, but with his characteristic held in N ew York in I 900, and also unselfishness he had given all he had in the Edinburgh Conference, in of reserve physical power. 19IO. He thoroughly identified him- (5) He was unfailingly prompt. self with all foreign missionary in- He lost much time during his busy terests. As we survey the range of life of activity waiting for others,

A CHRISTIAN LAYMAN WITH

but other members of his boards and ence to his own addresses. I woncommittees never lost time waiting der if anybody ever knew of his for him. Those who served with robbing his successors of their time him on boards of which he was the in a program. In this characteristic, chairman soon learned that if they Dr. Capen was a splendid example, were not on time at the appointed not only to laymen, but to minisplace of meeting, they would find ters. business in progress when they arrived . It was a part of his religious (6) He was thorough in prepa:– creed to be on time. This prompt- ation. Dr. Capen did not give unness was contagious among those prepared addresses. Whenever he who were associated with him. That was to be present on an occasion where he had not been informed that DR. SAMUEL B. CAPEN'S SUMMER HOME AT FALMOUTH, MASSACHUSETTS same habit of promptness made him an address would be expected from an ideal presiding officer. Speakers him, he was usually ready in case he who attempted to exceed their time should be suddenly called upon; but limit, when a time limit had been put on all occasions when he knew that into his hands as the responsible he was to be called upon, preparation presiding officer, did so at their peril. was made with painstaking care. His It was difficult for a speaker who addresses were usually completely would steal time which belonged to written out, and often weeks in adother speakers to go very far when vance. Before going on this last the chairman' was standing at his commission, he knew that he was to side with his arm thrown over his deliver several important addresses. shoulder. It was all done in a kind- These were prepared in detail a long ly spirit, and always with an apol- time before he sailed from America, ogy, but, nevertheless, with a firm- and were carefully studied and got ness that no one felt able to resist. well in hand on the journey to India. He was equally prompt with refer- Anyone who has heard him re-

port a meeting of a committee, or This money alone, if carefully in- anything else, knows h~w thoroughly vested, would have amounted at the that report was prepared and pre- present time to many times his total sented, beginning at the beginning, assets. Probably there is no one liv- and including all the essential details, ing, except those who have access to its conclusion, in a way to make to his l11en~orancla, who knows. or those who heard fully comprehend will know, the extent of his giving. what had been done, and even to If all Christians should give with catch the atmosphere in which it was the same liherality, there would be done. His reports were so compre- no lack, at home or abroad. Some bensive that there was little to be five years ago he retired from busisaid when he had finished. He was ness in order that he might give more as careful in preparing a report as of himself to benevolent work. The ill preparing an address. These, too, 'only hesitation that he seemed to were written out and arranged in have on this point was, that if he rekgical order. Noone ever heard tired from business he would neces- Dr. Capen present a nebulous recom- sarily have less money to give for the mendation after hazy preliminary objects to which he had been giving. ~tatements. His habit of taking copious notes was of great value to (8) He was loyal to every cltuse him in making thorough preparation. he espoused. His pastor tells us that there was no more loyal member of '(7) He was liberal. Altho never his church than this man, identified a rich man, even at the time of his with so many interests outside. He death, yet there are few who had says it was difficult for him to get forme~ so thoroughly the habit of ahead of Mr. Capen in ca1ling upon giving to so wide a range of objects. new members that had come into the He lived modestly, and saved money, neighborhood, or upon those suffer- "that," as he frequently said, "he ing from some affliction. Repeatedmight give more." It has already ly the pastor would arrive to find been shown how freely he gave of that Mr. Capen had already been himself and his time to other than there. There is no committee on personal interests. And while his which he ever served, or any organigifts of money were never large- zation with which he was officially and could not be large-yet the range connected, that did not have every of them was almost as wide as reason to feel that this man Christian benevolence. Had he given was absolutely loyal to the cause. the time that he devoted to outside He was loyal to his denomieffort to the making of money, and nation, and was ready always to had he contributed on the scale fol- serve, and to serve faithfully, on any lowed by many under his circum- committee, board, or commission to stances, he might have died a mil- which he was elected; and he had lionaire. The aggregate of his bene- filled the highest positions in the gift factions ran annually, in his later of the denomination. He was loyal years, into thousands of dollars, and to the peace movement, and gave were from the beginning in practical- many addresses on that subject, even ly the same proportion to his income. on his last trip through India and

A CHRISTIAN LAyMAN WITH POWER

Ceylon, and in China; and many en- trom his home, was shown a picture gagements were awaiting him 111 of Mr. Capen. and asked if he knew North China and Japan to speak on the man. His reply was: "Know world-brotherhood. He was loyal him? Why, I had a card from him to the college of which he was presi- the other day, from Bombay, India, dent of the Board of Trustees. No which I am going to frame and hang one ever questions his profound loy- up in my home." alty to foreign missions. As soon as he was elected president of the Missionaries have written from American Board, he began to make along his route of travel in India and foreign missions his study, and iden- Ceylon, that his tireless energy was tified himself with the great cause. the marvel of everybody. He was And so if we run through the whole constantly at something. His colrange of Dr. Capen's activities we leagues spoke of his activity on board find that everywhere he was true to ship, where he seemed never to rest, every cause with which he was per- acting as if he must be about somesonally identified. He always rang thing all the time in order to accomtrue. plish what he felt should be accom- plished. The members of his family (9) He was a tireless worker. say that, sometimes, at his summer This may be considered a part of his home, he did relax, and yet those unselfishness and of his liberality and who knew him less intimately are of his loyalty; and yet it is a sub- led to wonder if even in those peject which may well stand by itself. riods he was not making plans either He was never passive. One having for addresses yet to be delivered, or much to do with him often wondered for some pending meeting at whicl; if he ever wholly relaxed. Through he was to preside. Mr. Capen, in his methodical, prompt methods, he his seventy-one years, actually lived had his days so cut out and organ- more tha~ many who have rounded ized, that by carrying out his pro- out their fourscore years and ten. gram the day's task could be done, Lut to carry out one of his programs ( 10) He was preeminently a man required a spirit of tireless energy of prayer. However much Dr. Cathat knew no respite. It was only pen's success seemed to depend upon thus that he achieved what he did the characteristics mentioned above, during his years of activity. The fact no one who knew his heart and the that on the work of the commission, inner throbbing of his life would for which took him through India and a moment hesitate to say, that these Ceylon and Southern China, he wrote were but superficial, that the real a weekly letter to his Sunday-school success was because he lived close class, which required from twelve to to God, and held constant commufifteen minutes to read, is but an in- nion with Him. Prayer was his life. dication of the tireless energy of the The morning watch was to him a man. The other day a policeman, necessity for the work of the day. who guards the crossing in front of Those who have planned with him the station in Boston, which Mr. and traveled with him know how Capen used in going and coming easy and natural it was for him to say, "Now this is a very important

matter; let us pray over it"; or, "To- and was giving him strength and morrow is going to be a most un- lifting from his heart loads thel[ usual day, with great possibilities. otherwise would have crusht. His Let us pray much to-night, that God vital breath was prayer. may lead us into it." He always acted as if he was not his own, that The life of Dr. Capen is a conhe belonged to God; and so he kept crete example of what one man, 110t close to his Leader. physically strong, not liberally edu- cated, as we use the term, may ac- Perhaps it is not known to all, complish. There is no mystery conthat, in his young manhood, he had nected with this life that is gone, and a serious illness, when friends de- that has been and is such an example spaired of his life. In a meeting of and inspiration. The only secret is young people, when personal expe- the secret of the presence of the riences were being told, Dr. Capen Holy Spirit and a complete consetold of his experience at that time, cration to the service of God and when he went to God in prayer, and man. promised Him that, if his life was spared, he would dedicate it to Chris- Dr. Capen welcomed opportunitian work, and that he would be ties for service, and took upon himready to perform any task, however self gladly heavy burdens, when heavy, that God might put upon him, most men shun them. He consulted without murmur or complaint. Hi~ what ought to be done, when most life was spared, and the vow was of us consult our own inclinations. most faithfully kept, even to the He went out of his way to speak ~, hour of his translation. In perplex- kindly word, when most of us reity he prayed; at times of special frain, even tho opportunity knocks satisfaction and joy, he turned to at our doors. He regarded the God in prayer. His courageous op- Church as worthy of the best service timism came from his supreme faith of his hand, his heart, and his life, in the God who hears and answers when far too many give it scant prayer. His prayer list was a long reverence, and· less personal service. one. His belief in prayer was as He looked upon the world as a simple and as natural as his belief in world that had been redeemed by God and in his own personal exist- Christ, and that needed to know ence. In this prayer-life he found Him, and he had no narrow view of his strength in that he thus cast his the means by which humanity was to burdens upon God, taking Him at be lifted toward heaven. His conhis word. He was able to make his ception of the Kingdom was as broad life the power that it became in so as the world itself, and to the conmany different ways because not he summation of this Kingdom he gladbut his God was bearing the burdens, ly and freely gave himself and his life.

Me~ are not interested in missions because they are ignorant of them. It is not more exhortatIon they need. but more information. Our parishes at home number 60,000,000 people and for them we areo giving $275,000,000. Our parishes abroad number 600.000,000. at least. and we are only giving $15,000,000 for them. Protestants in the United States could easilv furnish twice as many missionaries as they are sending. and then it would mean only lout of 1,000, and the remaining 999 could support him.-S. B. CAPEN.

India-One Hundred -yTears

and Now SOME NOTEWORTHY CHANGES IN THE MISSIONARY SITUATION BY REV. JUSTIN E. ABBOTT, D.D., SUM :[]T, N. J.

For Thirty Years Missionary of the American Board at Bombay, India S a tree a century old title of Christian or are enrolled in some department of missionary ac- EAJ is very different from tivity. Those who have given their the tender shoot from religion to the c~nsus-taker as "Christian" number about four mil- which it started, so ~ the present conditions confronting missions lions. It is not, however, the num- in India is in marked contrast to that ber of nominal Christians that counts, which existed one hundred years ago. but the character and the influence In entering upon the new century of their lives. The vital question to of Christian work in India it is of he considered is this: Is the Indian great importance that we study the Church giving to India what the present situation and understand the missionary at his best has given and causes which have brought it about. is giving? Are Indian Christians First of all we must not make the drawing men to Christ? If this is mistake of thinking that the statistics true to-day, then the change in the of missions register the progress of missionary situation is evident, for a Christianity. They understate the transforming force has been called progress, and, moreover, they are into being that did not exist before.

often misleading. Statistics can not Such a changed situation calls for make any adequate record of the a difference in the form of mission- important fact that a great change ary effort. Those who have lived in has taken place in Indian thought and close contact with the Indian Church life, outside of the Christian Church. know that out of that Church there This change tends toward a Christ- is entering into Indian thought and like form, even tho it may not have life an influence as pure and noble, reached the fulness of His stature. and as Christlike as comes from Statistics also mislead the student the missionaries sent from Chris- because they include in the Christian 1 tian lands. It is not surprizing that Church all who bear the name moral and spiritual weaknesses and Christian, regardless of their true deformities are found among the character and influence. Many may four millions of Indian Christians, be called Christians who are really but it is true that a Christlike light, plltting stumbling-blocks in the path as pure as any Christian land can of Christian progress. Statistics are show, does flow from that source to of value, but they merely record the drive away the darkness of ages.

number of Indians who claim the The missionary is no longer the

only, or even the chief, example of new condition 111 the missionary Christlike living, for India has her situation. own sons and daughters who live true, godly, generous, pure, self- India has always had high ethical sacrificing, Christlike lives. standards, as her literature and the lives of her great men and women The Indian and the Missionary abundantly prove, but low and de- basing ethical ideas have coexisted To-day, therefore, the missionary with the high. Their concept of God, situation calls for cooperation with or the gods, has led the Hindu mind the Indian Christians. Upon them to believe in the lower, rather than must rest the chief responsibility for the higher moral standards. For this bringing India to Christ. This means the Puranic literature is largely rethe strengthening of the hands of sponsible, as well as a philosophy Indian Christians in order that they that fell in easily with the popumay do the needed work. It means lar demand. There was a time the bringing into their lives nobler when it would have been difficult to ideals, so that they in turn may pass prophesy what ethical position even them on to the many whom they a Hindu of the best type would take. touch. There must be concentration Taught from his childhood to beof effort on the tender lives of their lieve in caste as a divine ordinance, children in order that they may be- could we think that he would ever com(l men and women of spiritual denounce it as in conflict with the and moral power, and may exemplify ideal of the brotherhood of man? the Christlike life in its noblest form. Taught to believe that the duty of a The best method of evangelizing widow was to burn herself on the India is to be sought for in the best funeral pyre of her husband, could methods of educating and training we assume that the idea of the the Indian Christiari boy and girl. sacredness of human life would lead him to oppose such suicide? Could Changes in Thought and Life a Brahman, even of the noblest type, have been trusted to act the good Another change that can not be Samaritan to one of the sixty milpresented through statistics or lions of "untouchables," even tho colored charts is the great change in compassionate by nature, when rethought and life throughout the ligion and custom and caste rules length and breadth of India. Natur- made their touch polluting? alIy, this is to be found chiefly in the thinking class, as against the In former days the missionary ignorant masses. There are abun- could not trust Hindu, Mohammedan, (;mt signs that even to the lowest Jain or Parsee to look upon social strata of the Indian people there have and moral problems from a Chrisfiltered down the new ideas that tian standpoint. Hence the early have revolutionized those who may missionary felt it to be his burden to be' called the brain of India, but it proclaim the necessity of reform in is where education has brought the Indian social customs, in religious most intimate contact with the West ideas, in philosophical interpretations that this change is so wonderfully of God and the universe. Here he manifest. This also h<>.s created a

INDIA-ONE HUNDRED YEARS AGO AND NOW

met opposition at every point, as one claims of the brotherhood of man, who came from a foreign land to this purer moral standard, means a turn their world upside down. That changed environment for missionary clay has gone, and to-day we find effort. India's 'best mind can be many Indians of the best type who, trusted to. grapple with moral though unwilling to accept all Chris- problems, with questions of duty, tian doctrines, yet see eye to eye national and individual, and with with Christians on the great prin- questions of conscience. The misciples that underlie moral questions. sionary does not cease to carry his The writings and speeches, and above own burden of responsibility to all, the lives, public and private, teach, preach and practise reform, of India's best men and women, righteousness, compassion and love, give clear proof that the Chris- but his is not a lone voice in the tian's right is no longer the Hindu's wilderness. Other voices are speakwrong, or that the Hindu's right is ing in loud tones as well and are the Christian's wrong. A common accomplishing great results. moral ground has been reached. The Hindu, the Mohammedan, the Social Service in India Jain, and the Parsee, in whom the new spirit has taken possession, have Growing out of this change in now become preachers of righteous- moral tone, charitable and philanness, of Brotherhood, of compassion, thropic movements and institutions of love. Their voice to-day is have arisen to give further concrete spreading over all India, with in- form to the change that has taken creasing power and effectiveness, pl'ace. The idea of service for and is parallel with, not in opposition humanity has taken hold of many. to, the voice of their Christian The idea that the responsibility of brothers. each caste belong only to those in that caste, no longer appeals to the bet- The reform movements in India ter minds. A broader sympathy now testify to the deep and deepening in- lies behind their charitable instincts. terest that thinking India is taking in Barriers of race, caste and creed are all that concerns the well-being of gradually disappearing before the Indian life. Among these are the compassion that takes in all. This Provincial and National Social Con- change is especially significant, beferences; the Theistic Conferences; cause many of these attempts to the press in the hands of reformers; serve the suffering and deprest are the associations that combat intem- ill spite of long established social perance and the social evil; the con- customs and deeply rooted religious ferences for the abolition of caste; convictions. societies for the encouragement of widow remarriage; the earnest ad- There is further significance in vocacy, in press and on the plat- the fact that these philanthropic inform, of female education, and even stitutions have sprung into being of compulsory education. largely in the last decade. India is therefore seen to be moving faster This interest that India is taking and faster along lines of nobler ill Indians, this recognition of the progress.

Higher Castes and "The Untouchables" false philosophy of wifehood and of widowhood stifled sympathy, and The attitude of the higher castes to- social custom diverted Indian comward the deprest c1asses-"Untouch- passion from those who needed ables," as they are called-is a familiar it most. The widow has remained matter of history. The sixty miIlion in the family of the husband, a burthat constitute this class form a fifth den, a slave to the whims of all, an of the population of India. They object of evil omen, half fed, shorn are ceremonially impure, socially out- of the glory of her hair, deprived of castes, laboring under heavy disa- all ornament, and forbidden the bilities, and have lived outside the privilege of remarriage, tho she may sympathies of the higher castes. If have been widowed in the tender years even the shadow or accidental touch of childhood. But in the last decades was polliJting, how much more any compassion has broken through cusopen and conscious contact. It is tom and a false philosophy, and the for such that within the last seven few who were willing to take the years a widely supported movement widow's part have developed into has been organized. While the lead- many. Not only have widows' ing spirits in the Mission to the wrongs become a cry in the reform Deprest Classes belong to the Theistic movement spreading over India, but Church, Indians of all castes and there have come into being instituclasses are among its supporters. tions where the widow is given a The number of schools and other home, education, and training for institutions for these "Untouch- usefulness in life, and, above all, ables" are not as yet many. Their where she feels the balm of tensignificance, however, lies not m der love. Professor Karve's Home their number, but in the fact that for Widows at Poona, the Vanita they exist at all, and are avenues Ashram at Surat, the Widows' through which Indian hearts are Home at Mysore, the Anatha Ashshowing their compassion, by liter- ram at Ahmedabad, and other homes ally, as well as figuratively, touching might be mentioned. The example the "Untouchables" in an effort to set by Pandita Ramabai, the welllift them to a religious and social known Christian philanthropist, has equality with themselves. Only the found many imitators, and there are great All-Seeing Eye knows how those who open the door to the highmany Indian hearts feel this down- caste Hindu widow for remarriage reaching sympathy, but it is evident if she so chooses, or if not, to tc all that this movement proves the careers of usefulness, for which she existence in India of a genuine love may become fitted. of service for needy humanity. Still another illustration IS the Another example may illustrate Seva Sadan, the Home of Service. this newly awakened sympathy. The founder, Mr. B. M. Malabari, The sorrows of the high-caste Hindu was a Parsee by birth, but in widow have always touched tender sympathy lost to all thoughts of chords of sympathy in Christian race, caste or creed. The example hearts. These chords were not set by Roman Catholic Sisters of touched in the Hindu world. A

J914J INDIA-ONE HUNDRED YEARS AGO AND NOW

Mercy, and Protestant missionary antipathy is vanishing. Hindus, ladies in schools and hospitals, Mohammedans, Jains, Parsees, and pointed out the way that Hindu, Christians are able to sit around the .lVfohammedan, and Parsee ladies same table as directors of societies could work, if they would. The for the protection of children, of sonew spirit is in India's women as cieties for the promotion of temwell as in men. Through this "Home perance, and purity, sanitation, of Service" ladies high in social social service and the like, in perfect rank have entered heartily into harmony, and vying with one efforts for their needy sisters. another in acts of courtesy. No N either race, caste or creed form longer are missionary institutions boundaries to their loving efforts. the sole philanthropic institutions. A home for unfortunates, oppor- No longer are missionary institutions' tunities for regaining honor and in- for the deprest classes, for widows, dependence, training for those who for orphans, for the sick, objects of wish to give their lives for the suspicion and prejudice as merely inservice of others, and personal struments for overturning the Hindu ministrations to the sick and the religion and customs. Fellow workers distrest, form this union effort of they have now become. Missionary Hindu, Mohammedan, and Parsee hospitals, educational institutions, inladies in Bombay and Poona, and dustrial schools, blind asylums, and witness to the new era of awakened even work distinctively for Christians sympathy with human needs. have received, and are increasingly receiving, financial support as well as These illustrations could be mul- word sympathy from those of other tiplied by the description of the religions. This is indeed cooperation, foundling asylum at Pandharpur, and cooperation will more and more the orphanages at Pandharpur, be the watchword of the future. The Ahmedabad, Surat, Bombay and Christlike service which the missionother places; the school for the ary wishes to render to – India has blind in Bombay; organizations, such now an ally which it did not have as the Servants of India at Poona, before. the Social Service League at Bombay, and numbers of smaller and Higher Education To-day less publicly known groups of workers, who in quiet ways are mak- Another change that has arisen in ir:g apparent the fact that India's the missionary situation in India has religious and moral awakening is no come about through the advance of mere dream of the optimist. higher education, and the high in- tellectual level of minds that have That such philanthropic move- had the opportunities of higher ments must bring a change in the trammg. Graduates of Indian, Engmissionary situation i3 self-evident. lish, Scotch, American and European What was impossible before is universities exist in increasing numpossible now, namely, cooperation of bers, and of these some have reached non-Christian and Christian m the highest rank of scholars, of works of love and compassion. In statesmen, of scientists, equaling in the face of human needs the old some achievements those of Christian

lands. It must be remembered that effort in India, as compared with these men of wide reading and what they were at its beginning, we scholarly habits have at their dis- find to-day a Christian church, that posal all the Christian literature of whatever its weaknesses may be, the West, the Bil5le, and all the has in it noble witnesses, manifesttraditions of the Christian Church. ing a Christlike character, examples of A love of truth is as marked a truth, of righteousness, self-sacrifice characteristic of the true Indian and love. We find in India's best scholar, as of the Western scholar, men and women a new environment, and can be as readily trusted. A in which the missionary can work, a missionary will still find it necessary higher moral tone, a c~earer ethical .to teach a better philosophy and sense, a conscience that can be purer doctrines to those intellectually trusted. We see practical demonhis inferiors, but the day is past strations of that higher moral tone when he can regard his own in- in the outflow of sympathy, of comtellect as better able to grapple with passion and love toward humanity, the problems of philosophy than in which would-be barriers of race those Indian minds that by knowl- and caste and creed are being pushed edge and training are as well or aside, making cooperation possible. better: equipped than his. For this We have reached a period in India's fact the missionary is profoundly ir.tellectual development where her thankful, for it shifts a heavy re- best minds can be trusted to grapple sponsibility to shoulders where the with strength, and courage, and love weight rightly belongs. He can of truth, with philosophical, religious, trustfully leave the province of and social problems. philosophy to Indian minds, and devote himself to his own pro per The great difference in the missphere, that of exemplifying Christ- sionary situation, from what it was like life and service. a century ago, is evident in view of the above facts. Then the mission- I t is a very serious question ary was the pioneer in every field of whether the missionary's supreme progress. He began the first boys' aim of winning India to Christ is school according to modern methods. being helped by the philosophy of He began the first girls' school in the West. It is a very serious ques- the face of unbelief in the power of tion whether the intellectual side of a woman to learn. He was the religious doctrines as emphasized to- first to proclaim the need of reday in Western lands has a win- form in religion and social customs, ning power. It is doubtful whether and he received little thanks for his we in the West are able to handle revolutionary efforts. He was the our social, industrial, and religious first to found orphanages, and hosproblems so that missionaries can pitals, and homes, and yet was as take these solutions to India and polluting as the "Untouchables." But find them solutions of India's com- te-day the Indians of the best minds plex problems. are the friends, the allies, the colaborers with the missionary in his To sum up, in brief, conditions as philanthropic work. they are at the end of a century of

VIEWS OF LIFE IN

Joy and sorrow of child life, as pictured by Miss Amy Wilson- Carmichael in her "Lotus Buds"

Saving the Boys and Girls of India 1J';· ~1J :- . :LCKENZIE, M.D., FATEHPUR, U.P., INDIA Jvfissionary of the Voman's Union Missionary S 'Jciety .IiH]OW dear the children asked, "How can I feed and clothe of India have grown that family on two dollars a month?" to everyone who has Two years later th<; mother and lived among them! Let father died of tuberculosis, and two me tell you about a of the youngest children were found few of those I met in sleeping on the roadside without food my work, with the hope that all the or shelter. children of India may become more real to you, and that you will share We took them in, and on inquiry with them your love and sympathy found that all the other children had and prayers. been married, except one bright, handsome lad, who had been taken As I was driving through the city by thieves to train in their profes- one day the carriage suddenly stopt. sion. The lads we named Kim and The door was thrown open, and be- Jim. They were not with us long fore me stood a delicate young when a boy of ten, called Kindar, woman with eight children, ranging joined them, saying that his parents from twelve years of age to the babe had died of bubonic plague and that of two in her arms. The Hindu he was starving. It was wonderful driver, motioning in their direction, to see how those children tried to

please us, and to improve themselves on the journey, he replied that he and their surroundings. An old missed the daily prayers and Bible bench was prest into service as a study most. table and was decorated with a white cloth and flowers. They quickly Saving the Girls learned the Lord's Prayer and some Bible verses. No matter where we It is the girls of India, however, were, or how busy, they always came that touch our hearts the deepest. and knelt down beside us to say their There is so little real joy or pleasure evening prayer, before being tucked in their lives. The birth of a daughinto their little cots on the veranda. ter is, in fact, a signal for mourning in the Hindu home, if, indeed, she be One day the three of them stood allowed to remain there. before me, saying they wanted their tuft of hair, the symbol of Hinduism, England has given several comcut off, as they were now Christians. mands in India, one of which is, I could scarcely refrain from smiling "Thou shalt not kill thy daughters"; as I told them I would have to see Lut, strange to say, the female popua magistrate about it, as they were lation is still smaller than the male. juniors. One evening a Mohammedan Shortly after this a Brahman ap- widow, apparently dying, came, with peared and asked for his son. Kin- her aged father-in-law, to the Lily dar, the lad of ten, stoutly denied Lytle Broadwell Hospital at Fatehthat the man was his father. The pur. Her first request, seconded, or man took the case into court, and on more probably instigated, by her several occasions tried to kill the father-in-law, was that we should boy. Finally, the magistrate advised kill her baby girl. We told her we me to send him to school at a safe could not do that, but we would care distance, until the case was settled. for them both. An operation saved This resulted, later, in favor of Kin- the woman, and her little girl ardar, but, in the meantime, the three rived the following night. We coule! boys were sent to a fine educational not leave it <.lone with her for two and industrial orphanage, belonging weeks lest she harm it. Through our to the C. P. mission at Mhow. Here nurse, Miss Simpson's care of her they studied well and later received child, she learned something of our baptism. We trust that they will one Savior's love and was willing to day be used to advance the Master's trust Him for the extra supplies Kingdom among their own people. needed. She learned also to care for her lovely babe, which we named Kindar's longing to see his old IVaintarG, "Star of Love," and the mission friends, and perhaps also his mother brought her back to see us love of travel, proved greater than once a month. his patience, and to satisfy these he twice walked the distance of nearly Let us not judge this poor woman five hundred miles. The first time too harshly, but pray the Lord of the he had only sixty cents to supply his Harvest to send forth laborers to win food, except what he earned on the such souls to Him. Her husband way. On being asked how he fared having died six months before, she had her aged father-in-law and four hungry children to feed, as well as

THE BOYS AND GIRLS OF

A NAGA MOTH~P AND CHILD IN ASSAM not He who said, "Suffer little chil- dren to come unto Me and forbid This is a sample of the home life in many an In- them not," require them at our dian village. Thel woman is seeding cotton. hands? How can they come, unless The house is of bamboo. and the small arms of s y m pat h yare thrown opening in the doorway is for the around them, and hearts on fire with accommodation of pigs that oc- His divine love draw them to Him? cupy the front room While reading with my aged panprovide a dowry for each daughter, tlit on the veranda one morning, a and she could earn only four cents well-dressed Brahman appeared with a day. a servant carrying a tiny mite of naked humanity. He said that his One night I was c;l1ed to a woman wife had died and he did not want a in distress living in a village ten daughter. Taking the little one in miles distant. After making the pa- my arms, I told him of the Savior, tient as comfortable as possible in a who loved little children. My pandit, little mud room, ten by six feet, with also a Brahman, looked on in silence. no other furniture than a mud floor ;..Jine months later, a beautiful, blackand a low cot covered with musty eyed, laughing babe in a pretty pink rags, I asked where the baby was. frock crept to the old man's side. Some one pointed to a heap of ashes He looked amazed for a moment, ill the adjoining court. A filthy bas- then, asking if this was the same ket under a stone partially covered babe he had seen that morning, took this. My first impulse was to re- the little one in his arms and kissed move the stone and raise the basket. There lay, just as it had come to the TWO LITTLE INDIAN GIRLS cruel, cold world, one of the little ones whose angels do always behold Two forces-God and the devil-contend for posthe face of our Father in heaven. session of these girls and their _sisters in India. The missionaries are working to Sadly, and with feelings that can save and teach them Christ's way not be described, I replaced the bas- of life ket over that little victim of false religion and poverty. Will its silent cry enter our ears unheeded? will

WHERE LITTLE GIRLS ARE MADE A SACRIFICE TO MEN IN INDIA A crowd of devotees and pilgrims outside a Hindu temple her. Shushila is now a charming after the man, whom we saw a little little school-girl, who loves her Sa- later, apparently well pleased. vior and will win many to Him. This little girl, whom we call Par- One day a rough-looking young bullia, "Light of the Morning," is fellow brought a lovely child of three now one of the fairest flowers in the to the bungalow, asking us to buy Master's garden at the Mary A. Merher. He said he must have money, riam Orphanage in Cawnpore. and wanted to be rid of his sister. Seeing the temples open, and other One day our servants told me that awful forms of slavery worse than little Sweren was to be sold in the death, my heart ached for this little hazar by her cruel stepmother in retot, with her beautiful, innocent face, venge for an injustice done to her by in its frame of brown curls. Asking the child's father. We sent messenthe man to come with me to the gers to locate her, and, having asked court-house, I explained the case to permission from the court, we went the English officer in charge. "Will to rescue the child. We found the the child go with you?" he asked. woman gossiping with some neigh- Holding out my arms, immediately bors, while the half-starved child sat the child clasped hers around my wistfully on the ground. I spoke to neck. It was a severe test for a her a few minutes before the woman strange babe, but I knew the Master observed me, and then carried her in wQuld answer prayer. He told me my arms toward the carriage, telling to take the child and he would look the woman we had heard of her cruel

THE BOYS AND GIRLS OF

WHERE LITTLE GIRLS ARE SAVEll FOR TIME AND ETERNITY IN INDIA Teaching the girls at Mttkti, the Christian school of Pandita Ramabai purpose and had come to protect the lowest depth of darkness could dechild: Seeing the hope of revenge vise nothing worse. gone, her anger became furious and she would have torn the child to A little girl, with a face so sad that pieces if she had not been held be- it was repellent, was one day 'brought yond her reach. In her frenzy she to the orphanage, and I wondered if tore off both carriage doors, which any beauty could be made to grow in had only hinges of leather, and the such a soul. The only word she horse, taking fright, sprang forward, used to everybody and everything breaking both traces. In the mean- was "go." No one seemed to be able time, a dense crowd from the ad- to win her. Then she was taken ill joining bazar had gathered, but a with pneumonia, and Dr. Mary young Brahman, on being told the Mackenzie brought her into her situation, kindly held them in check. own room. Then a sweet pea The driver cut the cloth of his pugri blossom put into her hand worked for traces, and we drove away with the miracle. Light came into the our torn clothing and the frightened dark eyes, and it was almost painful child, never to see the angry woman to see the lips that never before again. learned to smile twist in their effort to show pleasure. Each day the les- Think of the little babes so safe son was better learned, and now we and happy in your own homes, and have our little Sona (Gold), whose learn to pity those helpless victims of merry laugh and constant sunshine rdig}ous customs, so cruel that the delig~t the hearts of Christian and,.

Hindu alike. Here is her photo at school, passing into the great beth hospital with a pet kitten, where yond. The mother, who knew not her life sang one sweet song to her God and saw no hope of reunion in Savior's praise. the dark line of transmigration of the soul with countless demons on A call came from the city for us every hand to assail, beat her breast t( go and see a sick child who had and tore out her hair, dashing her bubonic plague. Fearing the treat- dying child now to her bO'som and ment she might receive from her again on the rude cot. Oh, if Chrisfrightened parents, I returned in the tians, whose eternal welfare is sure, evening to find the door closed. could only see the awful darkness When it was opened a flood of smoke and despair of death in these dark, from a fire in the center of the room hopeless religions of the East, it blinded me. As it cleared a little, I would surely arouse that divine pity entered to find, in one corner of the in their souls that brought the Son of room, a heavy quilt, that may have God from His throne in Glory to be descended from past generations. On a sacrifice for our sins. raising it, there lay my little patient, smothered. Artificial respiration. for One day a little girl, Surgi, was half an hour and stimulants failed to passing the Lily Lytle Broadwell rouse her. Sadly I laid her down, Hospital with her father. and grandanother victim of those who have not mother, a wonderful old lady, who yet heard of the love of the Father. had been through the Mutiny. The little girl, seeing how different every- Cholera laid its terrible hand on thing looked from her own little mud the border of our city. Sunday eve- hut where she had never known anyning all was quiet, but on Monday thing but want and privation, said morning its victims lay unburied by she wished she could be our servant. the roadside. The burden of pre- God answered the little one's prayer, venting its spread to the main part tho not in the way she asked. We of the city rested on us. The lVlaster. were to be the ones who served. The who always hears and a n s w e r s girl's father died, so that the mainprayer, saved the city and 80 per tenance of Surgi, her mother, and cent. of those who came to us for little brother depended on the poor help. old grandmother. She could only earn one dollar a month and her A sad case that came to us was hoard, and gave every cent of that that of a child who was left under a for their food, while she clothed herscorching tropical sun all day to ap- self with only a tattered cloth. Then pease the anger of the gods, while the little girl was taken ill with his parents offered sacrifices to idols typhoid fever, and daily grew worse. of clay and stone. Needless to say, At last, when the abdomen became they returned in the evening with a perforated, they remembered the hosblinded, dying child. pital, and brought her to us in de- spair. We told them that we could One morning, on my arrival at the not save her, as she was too weak hospital, I found another dear child, for operation, but if they wished w~ who had attended oUr Sabbath-

THE BOYS AND GIRLS OF

would care for her. (We never turn to shame many older Christians. Two any away.) days later Surgi left us, like a babe falling asleep. Her grandmother re- Dr. Spencer was on hospital duty fused to attend the Hindu ceremony, at the time, and with tender love she cared for the poor suffering child" GIRLS IN INDIA CONING FROM CHURCH as she cares for each of her patients, tenderly as she would her own fam- Boarding-school girls of the United Presbyterian ily. At the same time the doctor Mission, Sialkot, returning from church uses every opportunity to give them prayer-meeting-a mile from the school the good news of eternal salvation. and said, "Oh, I wish she might have Surgi's agony at the thought of a Christian burial!" Her husband, death was painful to see. It meant however, claimed the body, and it blackness and unknown terrors to was buried according to their usual her, without one ray to lighten the rites-oiled, scorched, beaten, and gloom. thrown into the Ganges. It would feed the crocodiles and jackals, but It is our custom to have all our Surgi did not care. Her spirit was patients in the drawing-room at least safe in heaven, and when the Lord. once a week, and we carry in those her Savior, comes she will have a confined to bed. iThen Surgi was new body like unto His glorious brought to the door, she gasped, body. "Oh, let me see it all!" The nurses were there in their simple white Two weeks later the dear old dresses, playing on a piano loaned by grandmother came at daylight, before a friend (it has since been taken her day's work began, and with her away) . The nurses were singing, forehead touching the floor, thanked with happiness and contentment written all over their faces. In the grate a bright fire glowed, and the room was pretty with ferns and . flowers.

After gazing in silence, with wide, wondering eyes, at every detail, she said, "Will heaven be like this ?" We told her that nothing she had ever seen could compare with the home Jesus would give to her, if she trusted His love and sacrifice for her sins. The old grandmother herself hastened to bring water, and begged that she might be baptized. After that the child rested in sweetest con- tentment and happiness, without one groan or complaint. It was wonder- ful to hear that old Hindu grand- mother teach her how to pray, with a faith and simplicity that would put

God that her little granddaughter over fifteen years of age. After she was safe in heaven. entered the drawing-room, her hus- band, a lawyer of over sixty, refused Are They Worth the Price? even to step on the veranda, lest he be defiled. I had to draw a curtain Are these children of India worth ~ round her before her brother-in-law our love, our prayers, and gifts? would come into the room to tell me, One early morn two carriages ar- before her, what she had done. rived at the mission bungalow. One That day UI11111edi asked to stay CHRISTIAN GIRL PUPILS IN INDIA. in the office, where I was busy. She watched the Christian girls come and was completely closed with wooden go, and quietly removed all her nudoors, and from the other four men merous ear, nose, and toe rings and alighted. One of them informed me bracelets, and in the evening asked to that he had brought a very wicked be drest like them. We sent her woman, who had been his brother's to school in Calcl1tta for two years, wife, but who was now dead to him, where she accepted Christ in name as she had broken the caste rules by as well as in heart. During that going through her husband's apart- time she learned to read and write ments at the front of the house. He Bengali, and to sew, make lace, and asked me if we would take her, do many kinds of fancy work. When. otherwise the street, with its lowest our medical work opened at Fatehpur degradation, would be her only ref- live years ago she came as nurse, and uge. I asked him to bring her in. in four years Ummedi learned to read He replied, "She is dead to me, and and write Hindi, Urdu, Hindustani, I can never look on her face again." a.nd Eng1ish, as wen as the elemen- On opening the carriage, I found a tary rules of grammar and arithmepretty but frightened child of not tic, and passed second highest in the United Provinces her final written and oral examinations in nursing, elementary anatomy, physiology, and hygiene, under the examiners of the C nited Board for Mission Nurses.

When you know how quickly these dea r children develop under Chris- tian teaching in the mission schools, orphanages, rescue homes, and hos- pitals, is not your zeal inspired to reach out and save those perishing millions of India? What is the price of a soul? What shall we give in exchange for it? Whether it belong to one of these little ones or to us, "Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these ye have done it tmto Me," said Christ,

Call of the Crisis In India*

BY A. C. HARTE> BOMBAY> INDIA Secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association I iA] YEAR ago we had in lion Brahmins of India are in in- India our first con- tellectual culture our equals, in vention of Indian graciousness of manners are our Christian stu den t s superiors, and in spiritual desire and from all India. At capacity for sacrifice are first among this convention there the peoples of the world. These took place the first general awaken- Brahmins are facing a crisis. Our ir;g among the Christian students of Western civilization is beginning to the empire with reference to the permeate India and is compelling the crises in India and their opportu- Brahmins to seek it, as their place of nities and responsibilities. It is our leadership is being disputed with earnest hope that this first great them by the men of other classes awakening among Indian Christian and religions who have acquired students throughout the empire may Vestern civilization. Having tasted be utilized to its utmost for the win- it they are seeking it for its own ning of India for Jesus Christ…. sake. They are also being compelled by the mission practise in India to take Great awakenings have taken place into account Christian ethics with among the Anglo-Saxon peoples in reference to the deprest classes. The recent centuries, but more are taking demands of modern life, because of place· in India in one generation. this civilization, are compelling them Therefore Indian Christian students to lay aside much ceremonial reand their fellow Christian students ligiousness and many of the burdens throughout the world are now facing of caste. a great problem and a superb task. So far as the Church of Christ is Now, if the Christian students of concerned some of these awakenings the world, who alone have access to and the immediate crises are the these Brahmins, are sufficient to our following: opportunity, and in love and sym- pathy rally to our task and help the I. We may pass over the problem Indian students, we will be able not of the Mohammedans for the pres- only to free the Brahmins from the ent, simply noting that the leaders of burden of religious ceremony and the reformed Mohammedan party in caste which is even heavier than the India are leaders of great power. burden of the Pharisees at the time They have the only modern Moham- of Christ, but we will also be permedan university in the world, and mitted to lift from India the hand of they are accessible to the Christian caste that has been crushing India to students of the world. earth. 'vVe may thus aid India to 2. The thirteen and one-half mil- * From a report of .an address at the Kansas City Convention.

rise again by the power of God to its cated people has largely been made place among the brotherhood of na- possible through the Christian philtions, and also free thirteen and anthropy of the West. Unforone-half million of spiritual leaders tunately, great as ha·s been this with greater spiritual insight than Christian philanthropy, it has not can be found anywhere else on been great enough to go the necesear-tho sary length. In every Christian high school and college opportunities are 3. The problem of the 65,000,000 failing to be realized because Govoutcastes-the most deprest, the ernment supervised curriculums and most hopeless people on earth to- the desire for education on the part day-calls us as never before. The of Indians so tax the strength of Christian awakening has touched the teachers that they are unable to them and the people who have give proper time to spiritual instrucbeen without .hope are beginning tion and fellowship. If the Christian to hope, and in their hope they students of the world would arise toare coming in vilIages, in towns, and day and enable the churches anel in masses to the Christian leaders miSSions to increase the teaching and are asking to be taken in. It staff of the Christian schools and is true that they do not know what colleges in India 50 per cent., a they want, but they do know that large proportion of the above annual they want; and this must fill our increase would unquestionably behearts with gratitude and with the come Christian leaders. I f this is desire to help. Wherever the mis- 110t done now, ten years hence Chrissions can provide leaders and teach- tianity in India may be confronted ers, the custom is to take these in- vliith a mass of intelligent and Gospel quirers in, and the results have hardened non-Christian leaders. proved that this is wise, for it has been found that under proper 5. Then there are the 5,000,000 reguidance and teaching they advance ligious fakirs, sadhus and mendisteadily. When there are no teach- cants, the greatest stream ever ers and no leaders for them, the mis- poured forth in any country in besionary is compelled to say to them, half of a religious ideal. Unfor- "Wait," which is sometimes equiva- tunately the ideal tends to the imlent to saying, "Go back and stifle poverishing of India. While in some your first desires and let hope again cases it makes beautiful the ingive place to hopelessness." Oc- dividual seeker, as a whole it imcasionally at such times they who poverishes the land. If this living can find no help from the Christian stream could be turned toward Jesus forces can find it with the Moham- Christ and sent out in His name, it medans. might become the greatest stream for the enriching and uplifting of the 4- There are also the 1,300,000 world in the history of our race_ who are literate in English. These if'.c1ude many Brahmins, and some 6. Then our attention must be from all of the other classes. They given to the 4,000,000 Christians in are increasing at the rate of 100,000 India, the greatest Christian host in annually. This great class of edu- any non-Christian country to-day.

CALL OF THE CRISIS IN INDIA

~fot taking into account the ordinary moment the great problem of India increase of population, but only the -its spiritual thirst, as a whole. increase by baptism, during the past Add to your vocabulary two ·words ten years, this host has been more by that are typical of India's spiritual a thousand per month than the thirst. The other day a missionary Christian missionaries in the empire, traveling among the villages of his and has given to the Church every district observed a woman, now fortnight the Pentecostal number of standing up, now lying down and accessions, 3,000. Among these measuring her length on the dusty Indian Christians are some of the road, standing up and walking to choicest Christian leaders in the the mark and doing the same again world. But there are many who and again. He spoke to her kindly have come from the deprest classes and after a considerable effort and whose needs for Christian learned from her whither she was friendship, sympathy and help are going and what she wanted. Dustgreat. If the Christian propaganda covered, blistered and worn by the is to be successful in India and Asia, sun she had only strength to whisper then the Christian Church must to him and say, uUska, Dorsanmake good with the 4,000,000 Chris- Uska, Dorsan," which being intertians in India. For these 4,000,000 preted is, "To see Him-to see His Christians are the most critically face." She had already come 400 observed Christians on earth. They miles and had yet a long journey to are responsive to teaching, are seek- Kangra. If she should finally reach ing light, and avail themselves of Kangra, would she find Him? No, all opportunities for acquiring Chris- she would find only a cave in the tian character and Christian out- hillside and a blue flame. This look. If the whole mission force in woman is typical of the fifth of the India to-day could be set free to population of the world who are work for them, they would speedily dwelling in India to-day, and who not acquire a place where, in hygiene, in this way only, but in thousands moral interpretation and intelligence of other ways, physically, intelthey would be the peers of any in lectually and spiritually, are seeking the land, and in spiritual aspiration to see Him! Can we who have seen and the sense of obligation to their Him, as it were, face to face, and brothers, the superiors. Alas! this know that He has healing and benecan not now be done, but it is in diction for the multitudes, hear this the power of the Christian students call in vain. in the world to double the missionary force in India and thus to make ·When the Macedonian call came the next best thing possible. Then, to Paul he was constrained to go and perhaps, in a decade the Church help. May the great God and Father could realize its opportunity in India, of us all-help us as we hear the and India in our generation would whispers of a hundred million in India be known as a Christian country. who are weary, and the shoutings of the hundred million who are strong, Turn, now, from these critical and HUska, Dorsan–Uska, Dorsan"; help immediate problems to face for a us to make haste.

Challenge of Latin-American

Students* BY CHARLES D. HURREY, NEW YORK Executive Secretary, Student Department of International Y. M. C. A.

N these days of the of its contents." They keep it locked up in the museums. Speak to them III I rising tide of Pan- regarding Jesus Christ, and we hear Americanism, it is ex- them remark, "We see his name ov.er ceedingly timely that in the grocery store on a popular we recognize the brand of wine called 'The Tears of unique importance of Christ.' We have seen him as a the Government students and others baby in the arms of his mother, or as in the institutions of higher learning a bruised body hanging on the cross, in Latin America. There are about but he has been dead for nearly two 100,000 students in the high schools, thousand years. Do you think that colleges and universities who are to he can influence life to-day?" Talk control the life of the Latin Ameri- to them regarding the Church and can nations as no other bOGY of peo- we will hear them pour forth a ple can control it. storm of protest against it.

It is singularly true in the Latin One morning in Cuzco, Peru, at American nations that the students the heart of the old Inca Empire, I rule. They will control th·e press, visited that famous old Jesuit church and will dictate the diplomacy; they which is now partIy occupied by the will enter in large measure into the National University. On one side of commercial and professional life, and the church, over the chapel enin their hanels lies the future in edu- trance, I saw these words in large cational affairs. They are, there- white letters, "Come unto Mary, all fore, a most important class of peo- ye that labor and are heavy laden, ple, coming from the wealthier and she will alleviate you." Inside homes anel destined to occupy a the door I talked with representaposition of influence. tives of one hundred· and fifty pro- gressive students, everyone of These students have great needs. whom attacked the established They are bitterly assailed by all of Church. This is typical of what one the forces of evil that attack our may find in other sections of the students, but in South America they Latin American world to-day. The are not fortified by vital religion. student class is an unchurched class. According to their own testimony, To speak to them regarding their atnot two per cent. of the students in titude, therefore, toward the Church many of the great university centers and these modern movements of of the Latin world to-day have any service, is oftentimes to call forth vital interest in religion. Speak to· ridicule. them regarding the Bible and we will hear them say, "I know nothing ..- l;j"om an address deHvered at the Student Volunteer Convention, Kansas City, January 1, 1914. But there is a hopeful side-the great movement for international responsiveness of these students to peace. It is uniting the hearts of the the practical message of Christian- eoocated leaders of the Latin world." ity. Four years ago I attended the First International Student Chris- There is also the favorable attitian Conference in Latin America, tude of. the educators. I shall never held in Uruguay. Around the old forget one of my last experiences campfire at a "meeting of the Open before returning from South Amer- Heart" a man from Buenos Aires Ica. I stood in the office of the said, "We of Argentina· have dis- president of the University of trusted you of Uruguay, but now we Buenos Aires with Mr. Ewing, are coming to love you. We know when the president put to us for you better." I have heard others 0ver an hour some searching quessay, "I came here an atheist; I go tions as to the motive, the program back determined to search the Scrip- of the Christian Association in the tures and know what there is for university. When he arose at last, me in the message of Christianity." he said, "I can not call myself a Protestant; I am not a Roman In the University of Buenos Aires, Catholic; but I believe in the teachwhich has 5,000 students, progres- ings of Jesus Christ, and whatever I sive, alert men, 250 students are can do to strengthen the Christian banded together in the Students' Association in this university shall Christian Association, under the be done." At the same time he leadership of one of our American knew that ninety per cent. of his men, Harry Ewing. Students are professors were certainly on the side also gathering about Warner, who is of atheism, and in many cases were living in Pernambuco, Brazil, in the very hostile to the program of the burning heat of the tropics, five de- Christian Association. grees from the equator. There is a peculiar timeliness in The favorable attitude of the Gov- recognizing the rising tide of Panernment toward this uprising of the Americanism owing to the more frestudents on behalf of pure Christian- quent visits of eminent statesmen ity has surprized all of us. To what and writers. The men of South shall we attribute the fact that the America do not forget the messages Argentine, the Chilean, the Brazilian, of the distinguished Secretary of the Uruguayan governments, did everything that they could to help State, Hon. William J. Bryan, who the enterprise, including free transportation and the sending of a spe- addrest large groups of men with cial cruiser of the Uruguayan navy, his masterly oration on "The Prince with the foreign minister and other of Peace." They respond when men diplomats as fraternal delegates to like Colonel Roosevelt endorse the attend the International Student Con- Christian Student Movement, and ference in Uruguay? We can not when they hear from the'lips of Amattribute it to curiosity, for they bassador Bryce those words of have spoken out of their hearts when praise, that establish confidence in they say, "This is the beginning of a the Christian Student organizations, There are also over fifteen hundred students who have come from Latin.

America to study in our Northern Let the Christian students of institutions. North America respond to this chal- lenge and say, "'vVe regret that in There is a peculiar challenge- in years gone by some have gone from the very difficulties that confront us North America and from Europe to in the Latin world. I hear gambling exploit the Latin lands. There are say, "Let me dominate the student greater conquests than the winning life for another generation through of forests of rosewood and mahogany the lottery and other means, and of the Amazon Valley. There are I will show you a body of men greater achievements than reaping who will not work, but who de- the harvests from the rich fields of pend upon luck and chance to make Argentina. There are more urgent a living." Impurity says, "Let me things to do than harnessing the permeate the life of the students of waterfalls of Brazil, or mining the the Latin world, and I will show you great riches of the Andes. There men who recognize neither personal are tasks requiring the investment of chastity nor the purity of the home." personality, God-dominated personal- Materialism is saying, "Let me flood ity. Our message must be a spiritual this country with the literature which message." Let us think with less comes from materialistic and socialis- prejudice regarding the Latin world tic centers that are atheistic in and enter sympathetically into co- Europe and North America,. and I operation with them, that the will show you a body of men who Americas may be given over to the say, 'We will make our own god; control of Jesus Christ and may be we recognize the authority of no one dominated by the Spirit of God. in heaven or on the earth.'''

Christianizing Japanese Students HY DR. KATSUJI KATO, UNIVERSITY OF crIICGO ODERN Japan has come students in great numbers, IMI been created by her there being four thousand in Tokyo 1 modern system of edu- to-day beside six hundred Koreans. These foreign-born students are cation. The hope of deeply influenced by the character of the Japanese life around them, the future is wrapt up not only intellectually, but morally and spiritually. What would it not in her students. There mean for the future of China and Korea if that impression could be are thirty thousand men in the col- made positively Christian!

leges and univerSIties of Tokyo When we think of the influence of the educated classes upon the desalone, and about twenty thousand in tiny of the empire we are imprest other cities. Besides these there are two hundred and sixty thousand high-school boys and about fifty thousand girls in high-schools and colleges. From China, also, have

CHRISTIANIZING JAPANESE STUDENTS

anew with the significance of Chris- minds are turning to idealism repre- tian work among them. College sented in the writings of Bergson, graduates dominate every depart- Euchen, and Sir Oliver Lodge, in ment of the Government except the which the idea of the supernatural army and navy. is reinstated. This is an entering What are the influences playing wedge for Christian truth.

upon them to-day? Even more intense than the in- There are Buddhism and the tellectual perils are the physical other old faiths. These ethnic re- temptations which surround young ligions have been embedded in the men in the larger cities. It was re- hearts of the Japanese for cen- ported by the Tokyo Police Depart- turies. But to-day at the Imperial ment only two months ago that University of Tokyo and all other three hundred thousand men fre- higher 'institutions these faiths have quent the houses of vice in that city almost no influence. A careful es- in a single month.

timate states that among the stu- With the above facts in mind, is it dents of that university seven hun- not plain that there is a dire need dred are Buddhist, Shintoists and for bringing Christianity to bear Confucianists; seventy are Christian; upon Japanese students? They are nine hundred atheists and infidels, staggering on the border line be- and three thousand indifferent or tween faith and unbelief, between agnostic. Prof. Shailer Matthews moral victory and defeat. They are has said that in Japan Christianity groping in the dark and longing for has to fight not with Paganism, but light.

with "Nothing." It is atheism and Weare convinced that Christianity agnosticism that are creating the only can cure all these ills and meet peril among the- educated class. all needs of Japanese young men.

We might turn with hope to But how is it to be presented? By Bushido, the code of Japanese preaching and social service ? Yes.

knighthood. It is good so far as it By. scholarship? Yes. By literature?

goes, but it can not engender the Yes. By Christian schools ? Yes.

power to overcome temptation which Hut by whatever method it can only vital religion supplies. There is be brought home to the heart of nothing apart from Christianity in Japanese . students by men and the influences playing upon the Japa- women who truly exemplify the life nese students to-day which can sup- and teachings of Christ Himself- ply them with the power which they men and women who are absolutely so eagerly want and sadly need. sound in their Christian manhood Then, there are destructive and and womanhood. For Japanese are demoralizing forces at work. The especially keen to detect insincerity.

literature of Continental Europe has But they admire genuine Christians.

come in like a turgid flood.· The The unusual receptivity of Japa- naturalism and worship of power in. nese students to the Gospel to-day is . Nietzsche's philosophy are still ex- shown by the fact that more than erting a wide influence. But two thousand of them became in- materialism IS waning. Student quirers during the evangelistic meet-

ings conducted by Dr. Mott and Mr. the spirit of service and sacrifice, Eddy last spring, and of this number and heroic enough to preach the one hundred and fifty or more have Glad Tidings in the untouched rural already been r e c e i v e d into the districts of the Empire, from which Church. Constantly Japanese pastors Japan has always drawn her greatand laymen of real power are eagerly est leaders. The late Bishop Honda listened to, and are allowed to speak well said that what Japan wants on religious subjects in Government most of all from Western Christianschools. ity is the saturated Christian charac- ter, developed by generations of But the obstacles in the way of Christian nurture. Na man or their accepting Christ are tremen- woman of university training and clous. There is still strong family with rooted convictions and exopposition, and there are in Japan, perience in Christian life and work as everywhere, the fear of man, the should hesitate to offer himself or down-pull of bad habits, and' the herself for service in Japan. J apaagnostic influence of prevalent nese leaders are able and enterprisphilosophy. In spite of all these it:g, and any missionary should exobstacles Christianity has gained .a pect to work as a colleague and not firm foothold in the Government col- as a leader. But the missionary who leges which were formerly entirely goes in humility, determined to serve irreligious. Up to ten years ago no in whatever way he can help most graduate of an Imperial university will in the end find himself a leader had entered Christian work. To- by force of character. clay there are four in the Christian ministry and four in the Young Finally, it would be hard to over- Men's Christian Association secre- estimate the importance of making taryship, and still others are pre- truly Christian the -impression made paring. upon Japanese students in the col- leges of this country and Canada. Does not this call of need from They are bound to have a large in- Japan pierce the hearts of Chris- nuence upon the future of Japan. It tians in America and England? The is tragic to find so many gifted Japaleaders of the Japanese Church, who nese in America who are without opmet in conference with Dr. Mott, fJortunity to come in touch with the gave the answer when they voted vital side of the Christian religion. almost unanimously to urge the mis- Many of them have never been insionary societies of Europe and vited to the homes of American North America to send out a large Christians. Too often they see the number, of additional missionaries. unchristian side of your life. As a There is absolutely no question that result they go back with distorted these are urgently needed, and and unfavorable opinions of Amerieagerly wanted. can Christianity, and do much to block its progress in Japan. Give Again, while Japan needs mis- these sojourners among you per-, sionary specialists in education, sonal friendship, hospitality and theology and science, she also needs patient instruction. It will pay. men and women who are simply well-rounded Christians, imbued with

A Twice-born "Turk"~-Part

THE REMARKABLE REMINISCENCES OF A CONVERTED MOSLEM SHEIKH TRANSLATED flY ARTHUR T. UPSON, CAIRO, EGYPT Superintendent of the Sile :fission Press Set at Liberty M that 1110:nent collecting stones to shoot at us from their catapults, and T that time I composed before long we heard the "whish" of the springs, and pieces of flints fell EA l a poem in praise of an arOl1nd us OIl every side. Some official who stood high faces and heads wer;:~ cut, but, altho in favor with the Sul- ~.tones passed close over my head, tan Abdul-Hamid. I praise God, I was not hurt. asked this official to intercede for me, that the former de- IlorsemeIl then rushed forward in cree might be reversed and my lib- the pass, and the slingers came down erty be restored. As a result, before from the hills. They made the a month had passed I was once more camels kneel down and stole all the .free. silk and cotton goods with which we were laden. Nhen my cam~l My first journey after this was knelt, two Bedouins seized my arms taken ostensibly for recreation, but and ordered me to take off my really in order to escape from the clothes. I politely answered that as country. I went to Tripoli (Syria), they had taken cloth that would be but as there were spies about, I was sufficient to make clothes for many 110t able to obtain an interview with years, they might kindly let me keep the Mitrfm, nor could I see any of my clothes to protect me from the the religious leaders. From there I cold night, especially as there was traveled to Horns, where I was asked no great value in them. to preach in the mosque. Some trouble occurred, and I soon left the One of the leaders, wearing a silk district. kl~fiya) heard me speak, and shouted loudly, "By the sword of Moham- A Perilous Journey to Damascus med, do not touch this man until I come down to you." They obeyed Outside the town I found a cara- and stood stilI. He then said, "There van leaving for Damascus, and, as it is no man cleverer at the sling than seemed providential, I joined them. T in all this district, and I have sent After two days, when we were about many stones at this man with the half way, just before sunset, we were utmost care, but every time I Ilave obliged to go through a narrow pass missed him. By the sword of Mobetween two mountains, and the men hammed, I swear to you-and you prepared as tho to attack an enemy. know the truth of what I say-that if you were to stretch a single hair On my asking the reason, they between two upright sticks fifty feet told me that on the suinmit of the from me I could hit the hair in any hill just ahead of us there were a number of Bedouin Arabs, who were highway robbers. These men were

part of it that you wished. Now, it me that his father, a Pasha, invited is clear that this is a blest man, who me to his mansion for the sake of is under the care of some of the old friendship. There I was well Auliya (saints), therefore let llS received by gentlemen who had leave him alone." known my father, and I related to them the incidents of my journey. They replied that they would not take my clothes, but they wished to After drinking coffee, the head of search them; but he angrily looked at the house whispered in my ear a them and said, "This man is in my word which bore great risk in those presence" (a phrase used by th e clays. It was that he was a member nedouins to signify protection), "and of the "Young Turk" party. He in- 1 will cut off the hand of any man vited me to join the society, explainwho touches him." ing its noble objects, and in the end I joined. He then turned to me and asked where I was going, and when I told Initiation to a Secret Society him "to Damascus," he said, "Sit here." He fetched the ass on which Salim: How did you join? I would the leader had been riding, put me Eke to know all about it. on it, and gave me a pouch containing food to eat on the way. He SheiMl: The man and his friend then wound a red handkerchief were called upon to testify of my around my turban, and said, "Now, general character and my ability to if anyone interferes with you in the perform all that the society asked of road, tell him that you are under the me, even to the shedding of blood, protection of So-and-so, whose scarf and then drew up a form of guaranthis is. God keep you in safety." ty by which they bound themselves as surety for me. They then took I went on, praising God for this me, blindfolded, by night to an unprovidential deliverance, traveling by known house, and led me into an innight, and feeling neither fatigue nor ner room. From the whispering I need of slumber. W:len the morn- gathered there were many people ing came, I saw a village on a hill, present. They sat me on a chair. where I obtained some rest. I then and one of them questioned me as to went on, asking the way from my birth, my birthplace, my family, passers-by, and resting in the vil- my education, and my motives for lages, until I reached Damascus on desiring to join this society, which the third day. would expose me to great risk, since Abdul-Hamid and his despotic of- I entered the city in the morning ficials were spying on it every inand went to the square, where I left stant. the donkey in charge of the innkeeper. I was intending to take a I replied that love of my fatherstroll around the town to inspect this land and my compatriots who were very ancient and beautiful city. suffering great oppressio'h made me While I was considering what I desire to spend myself in their adshould do, a fine carriage passed me vancement, which, apparently, could and a handsome young man of not come except through the prin- ,c;eventeen stept from it and informed ciples of liberty, equality, and unity.

A TWICE-BORN" TURK"

which were only to be found with Akka, Tyre, and Sidon, passing this society. many places in the vicinity of Mount Hermon, where I obtained informa- The questioner said, "Suppose that tion of the religion of the Metawalit requires you to shed your blood, lis and Behais. do you care to spend your life for After passing some of the towns the cause?" r replied that I was of Lebanon I finally arrived at Bei- rut, where I made myself known to ready to do so. the Young Turk party and told them He asked: "Will you take the of my political obj ects, that they might assist me in my work. Then oath, and agree that if you break I went to Tripoli, and after a few your word your blood may be shed clays at my own home, took leave of by order of the society?" Vhen I my father to go to Banias. agreed, one of them took me into a room and removed the bandage from As the season was advancing, the my eyes. I found myself before a people wished me to remain with tlble, on which were the Koran and them the three sacrecl months of the Bible, with a revolver. Three Rajab, Shabfm, and Ramadan, to men were sitting by the table, dis- cleliver special addresses. I was able guised. to show them, to some extent, what a rule of despotism they were living I saw my friend the Pasha take under, but letters came asking me to a paper from the table, upon which take my family back to live there, in was the copy of the oath, and, after order to teach them the Arabic lanputting the bandage on my eyes guage and religious SUbjects. My again, he made me repeat the oath, father gave his consent, only stipuplacing my right hand upon the Ko- lating that I should not make friends ran and the left upon the revolver. with any Christian. He then took me back into the general assembly room. On removing Spiritual Backsliding the bandage I saw that those pre5'ent were eight in number of the chief in- Salim: What was your spiritual habitants of Damascus. The secre- condition at that time? tary gave me a card, with my number and the date of my initiation, Sheikh: I joined the Young Turk and a guide-book to the cyphers party in Damascus for the only purwhich they used when required. pose of propagating religious liberty ill order to get personal freedom for Later, they decided to locate me, myself and others like me, who infor the time, at Marqib, near Lata- tended to make known our views kia, in order to pose as a leader of concerning the truth. But I am religion, but, in reality, to be a secret sorry to say that by joining that rolitical agent, ql1ietly giving instruc- secret party my religious fervor tion to· the people, to show them the cooled down, and I became so slack <lmotmt of despotism and tyranny in that my religion was used merely for Syria. They gave me credentials in political ends. In spite of all, howcypher to comrades in those parts, ever, the Islamic faith within me had many of whom were holding impor- be~n wreck~d Ol?."=e for ajl, and then~ rtant positions under the Government. left Damascus, qnd traveled to

remained nothing but external re- side the school door to prevent Mosligious acts and words. lem scholars from entering.

My conviction that Christianity I said to him, "You are a very was God's true religion remained as devout Moslem, but you must either before, but my endeavors to follow allow me to serve my Moslem it stopt, the fire in my heart having friends through my knowledge, or become dim, tho not entirely ex- I myself will get an appointment tinguished. Often when left alone I in the Roman Catholic school, and would feel the rebuke of the Spirit so serve the children of the Chrisof God, and for that reason I tians. I do not want to deprive avoided being alone. Vhenever I hap- my Moslem brethren of my religpened to sit with a Christian I ex- ious knowledge, but unless you perienced great joy. agree to my first proposition you will see me coming every evening Before a year passed I moved my from the "Frere" school and carryfamily in order to be near one of the ing my book to the Great Mosque in chief Catholic Christians of the order to deliver a lecture. Should place, and we were like brethren. even your Excellency forbid that?"

For two years I stayed in Banias He stroked his long white beard and was at first very happy, but for a moment and then said, "Be during the last half I found much free in your own school and I will opposition, partly due to the fact bear the responsibility." He began that I made the acquaintance of so to visit my school and I met with many Christians. This caused them great success, teaching by day and to make all sorts of charges against preaching in the mosque and private me, and I asked permission of the assemblies by night, teaching them to party to return to my birthplace. expect religious liberty.

Anarchy in Latakia When the first tidings of the pro- mulgation of the Turkish Constitu- While in Beirut I formed ac- tion came to us they exceeded the quaintance with one of the residents limit, for they even t ran s g res t of Latakia, and through him I de- against the rulers, and anarchy ruled cided to go there, and he assisted me i11 the town. They made my school a to open a primary school, altho the place of meeting and decorated it as Mutasarrif opposed the opening of much as possible. One of the more it without an Irade issued by the enlightened ones suggested that Sultan Abdul-Hamid. ev·ery speaker should send me his address in order that I might read This Mutasarrif (local governor) it and take from it unsuitable exwas such a religious fanatic that he pressions, but none listened to him. would gather the parents of the They rushed to the platform, and Moslem scholars .of the Roman most of them in their addresses ac- Catholic school and warn them cused officials of various crimes and against sending their children to it of having accepted bribes, and for fear of their leaving the Islamic promised them all sorts of punishreligion. He threatened them with ments. The next day all those met penalties if they did not take them away, and sent police to stand Qut-

CHINESE STUDENT

together who considered themselves ask him to resign. He consented, members of the Society of Union and even gave away all he had to and Progress. appease the crowd. The palace was shut up with only a few police left They invited the Nusa!riya sect to in charge. Ignorant and learned join them, and going to the Govern- were all equal now until the town ment House, gathered together the became, in the words of the Arabic officials to make them swear fidelity proverb, "A sack of onions—a11 and uprightness. If anyone uttered heads," for they supposed that this the least word of resistance or was was the meaning of liberty, equality suspected of bribery they cried out, and fraternity. They would listen "Down with him !" The others to no adviser. Before the Constituwould reply in the affirmative, so tion the despots were a number of that after two days the palace was individuals, but afterward all the inemptied of the officials whose down- habitants were despots! fall had been proclaimed. Some resigned to preserve their honor. In the end they sent me, under There remained in the palace only arrest, to the Martial Court, but my the Mutasarrif and a few clerks. life and deeds were crying aloud to When some leaders (and all were the Moslems, "Am I a Hamidite or leaders in those days!) cried for a Constitutionalist?" their downfall, I advised them to let the Mutasarrif alone and I would (To be continued.) The Chinese Student Volunteers* BY I. H. SI, YALE UNIVERSITY, NEW HAVEN Formerly of Shantung Christian University, China m.S . T. PAUL saw only in. and to demonstrate the power, the a vision a Macedonian dynamic force behind the truth of who appealed to him Christ that she so urgently needs. . to preach the Gospel China thinks that she needs truth to them, while we in the form of more means of com- Chinese students see munication and of transportation, of . opening mines, of reforesting our this appeal in one f05m or another in hills. In short, we think the need is for material advance; but at bottom concrete example in the occurrences the need is for spiritual regeneration.

of our daily lives. This is the need Who is to do this work? At present we are necessarily depending for Christianity in China. upon foreign help; but ultimately, if Christianity is the conquering The greatest change that has taken power that she claims to be, this place in China is not political. It is the fact that China has come to realize the need of truth. The task before us is to manifest this truth * From }In<..dd~~.s _~e~~~'if.d at the Student Volunteer ConventiQn, K.nsas City, January I, 1914;.

work must be done by the Chinese studying in this and other countries themselves. Our students, studying are in a peculiar sense witnesses to in America and in China and in the truth. We are here as searchers other countries, must be the leaders. for truth, and we may see some truth of which we forget the source, Weare preparing to meet this which is Christianity. We Chinese need only in a very small measure. students in America will be untrue The Student Volunteer Movement to our mission if, when we return to was started in China in the Shantung China, we do not teach our people Protestant University by a God- Christianity, and demonstrate to them fearing and prayerful evangelist, a that it is the power they most need Chinese pastor by the name of Ding at the present hour. Li Mei, a graduate of that university. He had not only the necessary In view of this need we have in power and the individuality, the America and in Europe and in Japan dynamic force, but he had experience an organization of our own, the to enable him to do this work. In Chinese Students Christian Associa- 1900, during the Boxer trouble, he tion. We are trying the best we can had suffered much for his faith, and to struggle, to search for this truth, in Ig08 he came to the Shantung but at the same time we need your Christian University to hold a re- guidance and cooperation, materially vival meeting. There had been be- and spiritually. Pray for us, assure fore that time students who had us of your help and friendship. We given themselves to the Christian Chinese are watching you Christians ministry, but only a few, and up to ",.ho claim to have a Christian nation. that time we had no organization Vve come from a non-Christian nalike the Student Volunteer Move- tion, and watch your individual life ment. But in 1908 there was a and your social life and your nagreat revival among the students, tional life. We want to know how and we immediately felt that the you do things along Christian lines; evangelization of the Chinese in this hut unfortunately sometimes we see generation should be undertaken by the other side, and we forget that the Chinese themselves. There were this great nation is based upon Chrisonly 300 students then, but 180 of tian principles. Sometimes this is them pledged their lives to this pur- because we have not the opportunity pose. This formed the nucleus of to see your real Christian life. the movement which was organized in the following year in Tungchou, Will not Christian ladies and gennear Peking. Pastor Ding Li Mei is tlemen, who are interested in the now the traveling secretary for all expansion of the Kingdom of God, China, and I understand there are help foreign students-the Chinese over 1,000 volunteers. This is a students, the Japanese students, the large number for a movement only Hindu students-while they are ill its beginning, but considering the studying in this country, 'show them great need in China we should have this Christianity in which you bea hundredfold that number. lieve; and when we return home we can not but tell it to others and re- We Chinese students who are produce it ourselvc~.

Christian and The

BY REV. S. R. ROHOLD, F.R.G.S., TORONTO, CANADA SOME OBSERVATIONS GROWING OUT OF THE BElLIS TRIAL AND ITS INFLUENCE ~H OW true are the philos- effort, not heeding right from wrong opher's words, "Na- -human or otherwise-exiled all the ture's greatness lies in Jews, and thus freed the country Nature's contrast" – from all the Jewish people. Now, the contrast between after four hundred years, the Rus- Nature at her best sian people have determined to do and human nature of its worst- the same. But, while Russia is so death and life struggling for mas- busily engaged defying humanity and tery, with life inevitably, doomedly committing all kinds of outrages in handicapped. order to free herself of the Jewish people, Spain of old is wooing If Nature's greatness lies in Na- Israel-making a desperate effort to ture's contrast, what about this win back the Jewish people and to phenomena of Judaism, and espe- banish that horrible past, and, with cially of the Jewry as it so extraor- castanets and guitars, so to speak, dinarily presents itself, arresting the are trying to awaken older and hapbeholder's gaze? pier memories. Recently, the chief rabbi of Turkey was solemnly salut- What a wonderful twin picture un- ed by the Spanish fleet; her noblefolded itself all over the world at men came forward offering protecthe end of nineteen thirteen! In one tion to the Jews in Turkey and proframe were the fine features of Sir vidi~g them with homes; official Rufus Isaacs, K.c., P.c., in his robes visits were paid to Morocco with the as Lord Chief Justice of Great offer of religious liberty and help to Britain, exalted to this high office by the MQorish Jews; the most learned the King of all the Britains. In the Oriental Jew in Berlin, Professor other frame was the melancholy pic- Yehuda, was entertained royally in ture of Beilis, accused of a foul, Spain, and he was asked to organize heinous crime-rendered, if possible, a chair of Hebrew literature in the fouler and more heinous by the alle- University of Madrid. All this has gations of its motive. been done in order to win back to Spain the Jews who solemnly, under Think of the treatment accorded to a ban of excommunication, have dethe Jews in Britain and America, termined never to return. It may and that meted out to the same peo- be that there are deeper motives in ple in the land of the Czar. What a the Spanish mind-that there are fantastic, continuously moving pano- politics in these sentimental ballads; rama occupies the beholder's eye as but for the present we prefer to take he keeps watch on the Jewish fate.

Over four hundred years ago the people in Spain, by a determined

a poetic view of these returning purpose they have used several affections, and to glory in the vision methods: ( I) Wholesale assassina- of Spain and Judea clasping hands tions (commonly known as Pog- over a buried past. roms), usually incited by priests of While Russia is frantically en- the Greek Orthodox Church, aroused gaged in creating general distrust in to religious fanaticism by the greed the Jew, one of the noblest of Rus- and savagery of the ignorant and the sia, in the personality of a Grand depraved among. the Russian people.

Duke, who had a court trial in (2) Wholesale expulsion of Jews London, England, begs his advocate, from towns where they had resided the Right Han. F. E. Smith, K.c., for many years, forcing them at to make sure that his case should be short notice to liquidate their affairs tried by the Lord Chief Justice, be- and return to the already overcrow<l- cause before this Jewish judge he ed Pale Settlement. The hardest would be sure of a just verdict! possible interpretations were given to These are all phantoms of con- those unjust and most cruel laws in trast that pass rapidly before the order to confiscate the little of the mind, but interesting as these are, we property that was still left to the can not linger and simply gaze at the poor Jew. In less than one month, contrasting panorama, effectual as it six thousand Jews were expelled is; but let us see the clear contrast- from one city alone-Kieff. During what the Jew can be, and what he is. the past twenty-three years no less At present we are concerned with than thirty thousand Jews were thus an extraordinary condition, the re- massacred, and at least two hundred sult of a famous trial. Its lessons thousand wounded and left home- are of utmost importance. Its ef- less, and thousands of innocent Jews fects on the Jewry, the attitude of have suffered, and are still suffering, the Christian, the sentiment created, in the awful Russian prisons, and the resulting attitude 'of the Jew hundreds have actually been lost in toward Christianity, are the main Siberia.

factors which demand our attention. To degrade Jewish young men and The Jewish Condition in Russia women to the lowest possible degree, practically al1 universities were alto- The position of the Jewish people gether closed to the Jews, and even in Russia grows increasingly deplor- in ordinary commercial schools their able, and there is little hope for re- numbers were reduced. But still fur- lief. The situation is of the gravest ther to degrade and deprave the J ew- character. It may be doubted ish womanhood-the very thought of whether Jewry has ever confronted its villainy makes one's blood boil- a greater crisis since the overthrow if a Jewish young woman student of the Jews by the Roman Empire. wants to study in the St. Petersburg Since 1890 Russia has adopted a University, there is only one condi- deliberate plan to exterminate the tion under which she can do so, and six millions of these people, and for that is, that she enroll herself as a no other reason except that they are prostitute! To enumerate the woes Jews. To carry out this inhuman and sorrows, expulsions, imprison-

CHRISTIAN AND THE

MENDEL BEIl.IS The origin of the blood accusation has not yet been discovered. It dates Photo taken after acquittal from the middle of the eleventh cen- tury, tho in the polemic of Josephus ments and boycotts of the Jews in against the Alexandrian Grammarian Rus~ia during 1913, would take more Apion, the latter is charged with havthan the space of a single article. ing accused the Jews of annually fat- tening some Greek in the temple, The last and most degraded method killing him, offering his blood as a of all is a Satanic falsehood, which sacrifice, eating of his internal organs, seeks to degrade the whole Jewish and swearing an oath of enmity people, and make them out to be against all Greeks. During all ancommon murderers. Two and a half tiquity and far into the medieval years ago a boy in the city of Kieff times, there is no trace of similar acwas found murdered, and some time cusations against the Jews. Since the later a Jew, by the name of Beilis, origin of this superstition has not was arrested as the alleged murderer. been discovered, we do not attempt to The evil character of the situation solve the problem. The first case in is seen in the fact that the public which the Jews were actually accused prosecutor, with the approval of the of killing a Christian child for ritual Minister of Justice at St. Petersburg, purposes was that of S1. William of formulated a charge of "ritual mur- Norwich in II44. Since that date cler" against the man, who was said T22 blood or ritual murder trials to have murdered a Christian child have taken place. These cases do in the performance of a Jewish religious rite!

Blood Accusation BARON RUFUS DANIEL ISAACS.. lC.C., P.C.

Blood accusation is a term usually Lord Chief Justice of England (a Hebrew) understood to denote the accusation that the J ews—or at least certain .Tewish sects-require and use Chris- tian blood for purposes which stand in close relation to the ritual, and that in order to obtain such blood, they commit assault and even murder.

not all agree with facts, but they all the proceedings in such a manner as have a similarity in suggestion; first, to shield the real culprits. They sucthat the murders involved the accusa- ceeded in doing so. It must be said tion of blood; and second, that the to the honor of Russian officialdom, crimes were related to the Passover that it was, nevertheless, not easy to festivities. accomplish this. Several police offi- cials had to be put out of the way, There is nothing that so affects the because they had been so incautious Jewish heart with horror as that and reckless as to wish to bring out awful nightmare of "blood accusation." the truth, and the examining magis- There never was a ritual murder trial trate had to be changed for the same without thousands of Jews having reason. been massacred. Strange to say, there is scarcely one of these accu- At last, when Russia had made sations which has ended with a herself the laughing-stock of the practical conviction, and in spite of whole world, the peasant jury were the declaration of kings, emperors, called upon to decide on the followsultans and popes, it was always an ing two questions: excuse for the general mob to give themselves to massacre and robbery. 1. Was Yuschinsky wounded in the head, back, temple and neck with some prick- The Beilis Trial and the Verdict ing instrument in or·der to draw out blood, and then murdered with the After two years of indescribable same instrument, receiving altogether sufferings in fearful Russian prisons, 47 wounds? where Beilis was subjected to all kinds of degradations and in- 2. If the above fact be demonstrated, was sults, and all manner of political Beilis, associated with some unknown maneuvers, twelve Russian peasants persons, moved by religious superstiwere chosen to listen to the argu- tion in the commission of this murder? ments of an array of distinguished councils, learned theologians, medical The jury answered the questions professors, and the examination of as follows: a host of expert, as well as manufactured, witnesses. For a month Question No.1 ………….. Y es these simple peasants had to listen to Question No.2 ………….. No all the vital points urged by these sages, weigh them carefully, and then Beilis was thus acquitted. His give their finding-a thing which no acquittal, however, must be ascribable reasonable man could expect these only to the fact that the Kieff jury simple peasants to accomplish suc- were honorable men. One may say cessfully. that they should have negatived both questions submitted to them, but it From a criminological standpoint can not be demanded that every jurythe trial was utterly uninteresting. man, besides being an honorable man, The persons who committed the should also be a hero. [Moreover, crime are known in 'Kieff, and the they may have been convinced that police officials and examining magis- the man was so wounded.] trate only had the task of conducting It must be regarded as praise- worthy in the highest degree that the jurymen found Beilis not guilty, even if in consequence of the extraor- dinary pressure brought to bear upon

CHRISTIAN AND THE

them, they theoretically and tech- form of defense, when the jury re- nically admitted the possibility of the tired, were of classic simplicity and murder having been committed out force. He thoroughly proved his of religious fanaticism. They were, consistent attitude by refusing a of course, impelled to admit this comparatively large sum ($20,000) possibility without a scrap of evi- to make his appearance on the vaude- dence, to show that the crime had ville stage of America. He has no been committed from a religious desire to trade on his own sufferings, motive. and he shows a fine dignity in re- The Kieff trial was not a criminal fusing the offer, altho he is a poor trial in any sense of the word. It man.

was a political prosecution staged Christianity and the Jew by the powerful All-Russian League of Nobles, which is an organized in- It is easy for a Jew born in a land fluential party of reaction, and is of liberty, and who has had the supported by the various leaders of privilege of an enlightened and liberal the Russian bureaucracy for their education, to be able to distinguish be- own ends. tween true Christianity and that of Some of the leading Jewish papers base Russia. It would be out of har- in Britain and America have stated mony with things in general if they that it was neither Beilis nor the did not appreciate what Christianity Jews who were really on trial, but has really wrought in the world of that it is Christianity that is on trial, civilization. But it is not so with in the name of which innocent people those who have been brought up in a are hounded, murdered and robbed. dark country like Russia, where the F rom the very beginning the trial common rights of humanity are not lifted from the obscure individual granted to them, where they have to that of the Jewish race. What suffered, and still suffer, every form Christian Russia insists is, that it is of ignominy and oppression at the a Jewish religious demand to murder hands of those who profess to be the a Christian boy for the purpose of followers of the lowly Nazarene.

mixing the victim's blood to make Jews in such lands are led to believe unleavened bread for the Passover. that the sorrows they endure are The press of England, America and visited upon them in His name, and Germany teem with comment on this the result is that they are constrained trial, and all are in harmony in de- to believe that Jesus is responsible for nouncing it as a foul, false, heinous their misfortunes. The persecutions, accusation. spoliations and degradations to which Mendel Beilis is an ordinary J ew- they are unjustly and without cause ish laborer, but the more one hears subjected, and the murders and as- of him the more one is attracted by sassinations which have robbed them the inherent nobility of his character, of their loved ones, have been iden- as shown by his patient endurance. tified with His name. And so, one During his trial he faced his ac- can easily see how the name of cusers with simple-minded courage, Christ and Christianity is held in de- and the few words he uttered in the rision throughout that empire.

Israel Zangwill, when asked to statesmen in high office, given their join the throng of protests, wrote: opinion so freely and directly in favor of the Jewish people. It has I have steadily refused to protest revealed the attitude of enlightened against the Beilis case. What have Christianity toward the Jew in no I to protest about? It is for the unmistakable light! Russians to protest against their country ueing made a laughing-stock; I. The protests of individual Chrise it is for the Christians to protest tian bodies, individual Christian digagainst their religion being made a nitaries and enlightened laymen, and mockery. I should gladly attend a then the united protests, proved that Russian or a Christian meeting to true Christians were ready tcr drop help the poor souls to right them- all their differences, vital as they are, selves in the. eyes of the world. But and to show their earnest determinaa Jewish meeting-Nol tion against what they believed to be unju.st and unholy-and above all, Mr. Zangwill was absolutely right. unchristian, thus showing their sym- It is a solemn time for the "Chris- pathy with the poor, suffering 6,000,- tian" to reflect and to protest against (lOO Jews in that unhappy country, as false Christianity, And the "Chris- well as with the Jewish people in the tian" did handsomely! There never world. was a time in history when all kinds and shades of Christianity joined so 2. The attitude of some of the enwhQle-heartedly and with such de- lightened Christians in Russia itself termined enthusiasm to voice public should excite our keenest admiration; protests all over Germany, Austria, the students stood foremost, but they France, Italy, Britain and America. were found among all classes, even Many enlightened Christians even in street-car conductors joined with the dark Russia protested at the peril Kuban Cossacks regiment, sending a of their livt:s. One's soul 'Could week's salary to help the Beilis cause. not but be filled with ecstasy, when he watched how these meetings were Even the Russian Orthodox Church organized-a dignitary of one church deserted the Czar at the courtroom, presiding, and dignitaries of other and refused to affirm the ritual murchurches delivering impassioned ad- der. At the verdict an old Russian rlresses of protests-not to mention priest embraced Beilis, and said: the leading scientists, statesmen and "My wife and I have prayed for you men of affairs. The united har- throughout the trial." Even the monious spirit that prevailed at these Pope, in two remarkable letters to gatherings-bringing all shades of Lord Rothschild, was ready to give Christians together~showed a won- aid in affirming old Papal Bulls derful possibility, and even gave a against ritual murder. Two Russiau vision of what could be wrought for bishops protested openly. The headl a future and better understanding. of the Catholic Church in Russia dis- owned the priest Paranaitis. whoI Christian Attitude and Jewish Appre- gave base evidence.

ciation The pro-Beilis expressions in R'ug,.- sia outweighed all the anti-Semite Seldom in Jewish history have so outbursts. Remarkable demonstra- many ministers of religion, and

CHRISTIAN AND THE

dons took place at and around the dox papers printed in]erusalem could residence of BeiIis. The whole not help realizing the difference be- Lukianovka district rejoiced at the tween the false and true Christianity. release of the prisoner. Christian neighbors actually regarded Beilis as The Outlook a saint. Many embraced him and wept for joy. One of the jury was The latest census returns give the on his knees an hour, begging a number of Russian-Jews as 6,060,000 friend not to sentence a man whose -an actual increase during the past guilt had not been proved. fifteen years of 845,000. This has revealed a most disappointing and Duma deputies, doctors, lawyers, disquieting situation. For it means have been prosecuted' and have suf- that the constant and heavy immigrafered imprisonment for signing a tion has been more than neutralized' , protest against the accusation; no less by the natural increase of the poputhan six Russian papers have been lation; and in spite of the trains and' confiscated, and the editors have suf- ships that carry the Russian Jews by fered imprisonment; and a number of scores of thousands to other lands, trials are still pending. there is a bigger Jewish popUlation than ever, cooped up in the Pale of All this shows the attitude of the Settlement. Such a fact may well enlightened· Christian, and that even engender a feeling of despair in the in unhappy Russia there are noble hearts of the Jews who rely entirely souls ready and willing to suffer for on philanthropic methods to cope a righteous cause, with the Jewish problem.

All these protests, public meetings, A fter all these endless wanderings, addresses delivered, and the opinions. these numberless institutions, these exprest in the letters of some hun- interminable committee meetings, this dreds of bishops, ministers and lead- unceasing expenditure, the Russian ers of thought in the world, as welt Jewish problem has not advanced an as the kindly attitude of some Chris- inch from where it stood when the tians, were carefully and faithfully great exodus began a generation ago. published in the Jewish papers am over the world. Leading papers, such While new ghettos have been plantas the Jewish Chronicle and the Jew- ed on both sides of the Atlantic, the ish World, have not satisfied them- Pale still exists in all its grim misery, selves with special supplements, giv- with a population driven closer to its ing full details of the attitude of en- walls. Six millions still tremble at lightened Christianity, but they have the word "Pogrom." That is the also printed it in a little book form. net result of thirty years' striving! These went all over the Jewry, and' What a pitiable tragedy! the Jew saw something in Christianity which he never saw before-a. Some may have wondered, in their matter of utmost importance and. innocence, why it is that the Russian gratification. Jews, who are more than six mil- lions, can not accomplish more than We wish we had the space to pro- they actually do, on their own beduce some of the leading appreciative half. The rea-son is that they are articles that appeared. Even ortho- disabled by the customary Jewish

malady of internal strife. It is dis- voices against such an accusation, creditable, but characteristic. and the Jewish people realized their justice. Mission halls and reading- In the struggle between the reac- rooms became the rendezvous for tionary and the progressive powers in those who wanted to know more, and Russia, the Beilis trial is only an in- to be enlightened about the case, as terlude. The attack attempted by the well as to learn news of its progress. reaction has failed this time, but it The missionary became the only corhad the effect of rousing not only rect reporter of proceedings at Kieff. the progressive, but also the en- More than this, the missionary took lightened and respectable elements in the opportunity of bringing the awful Russia. The civilized world on both situation before the churches. For sides of the Atlantic, without regard instance, in Toronto, Canada, when to denomination or faith, has been a the synod of the Presbyterian Church breathless spectator of the combat. met, I prepared a protest and brought Russian reaction is 'most certainly not it before the synod, and it was cardefeated. One fears, indeed, that it ried unanimously. My remarks, as will not for long refrain from fresh well as those of others, were reported assaults, either against the Jews in in the local press, and the Jews were Russia, or the Russian intelligent not slow in showing their gratitude. classes. That is the mournful pros- Even an orthodox rabbi, who is pect, but things are assuredly not the usually antagonistic to the work of same in Russia. Fearful as have our mission, thanked us. been the sufferings of Beilis, terrible as have been the horror and abuse to Thus we have no hesitation in saywhich the Jewish people have been ing that the result has been most subjected, we believe that the recoil satisfactory on behalf of Protestant upon the head of the Russian Govern- Christianity. At first we felt the ment will yet be the heaviest of all. difficulty would be great to get the Jews to realize the difference between We ought to give unhappy Russia Christianity and Christianity, but the our true and whole-hearted sympathy two years of struggle evidently was in her great struggle for liberty. The a most powerful factor in enlightenpeople, church or community that ing the Jews in this respect. Of will stand by her in this her sore course, there is a great deal of spade trial and time of need, will be those work to be done, but we believe that who will also lead her in her eman- a point of contact is established, cipation from ignorance, 'Superstition without doubt. and bigotry, into enlightened Protestant Christianity. The Beilis case has brought about another temporary movement of Influence on Missions solidarity among the Jews. It has also opened the way to a better treat- Whatever the result of this trial ment of Jews by the world at large, n-Iay be, it has created a point of con- and is leading to a better understandtact. From its very beginning the ing of the Christian by the Jew, and Jewish missionaries all over the world an appreciation of each other, which grasped their opportunity in no un- is, to our mind, priceless. mistakable way. They raised their

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CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK DRAWING ON UNSEEN RESOURCES NE of the most notable the fact that little or no effort was made to advertise the names of even l?OJ utterances at the re- the most prominent speakers who cent Student Volun- were expected to be present." Nor tee r Convention at were there announcements of the Kansas City was that program while the convention was of Doctor John R. in session. Every delegate had to be Mott: "We must draw in his place at every session or run more on our unseen resources." the risk of missing the greatest speech of the convention. Yet the The convention was itself an ob- hall was filled three times a day, and ject lesson on the power of prayer. ill the evening the number turned Blest of God as these quadrennial away at the doors increased from T,000 on Thursday night to 3,000 at student gatherings have ever been, the closing session on Sunday evethis one, the seventh since the for- ning. mation of the Student Volunteer Movement, was the greatest of them Whence, then, did the power all. The attendance was large and come? From God, through prayer. the interest was intense. At times The indispensable place of prayer in such a hush fell upon the assembly all the work of the convention was that, to use the words of a Kansas emphasized at every point, and for City reporter, the rays of light com- weeks beforehand appeals were sent ing in through the windows seemed out for the purpose of enlisting interan intrusion. cessors. "Far more money was spent in asking for cooperation in prayer Wherein did the power of the than in any advertising of speakers convention lie? Not in a popular, or programs," says a leader of the emotional program. "Never was a Movement. program more puritanically simple," says The Missionary Herald. "John Both before and after almost every R. Mott can never be charged with session at Kansas City, little groups creating or permitting any effects gathered for prayer in various parts that stir the emotions. Not even an of the convention halI, and each day occasional burst of applause was per- cards were distributed urging the mitted. It was the array of actual observance of the Morning Watch, conditions on the fields that com- so that the convention was constantly prised the appeal to student life. praying for itself. And by special There was no persuading; no urging agreement there were many praying to place their lives in the missionary for it in all parts of the world. In enterprise." Yet there were many his masterly address on "The Power new recruits for foreign missions, of Prayer," which so deeply moved and thousands of young men and the hearts of his hearers, Doctor women went back to their colleges Horton said that if he was wielding with lives transformed and hearts on any power it was not his own. The fire for God. secret of it lay in the fact that by previous agreement, at that very Nor was the attendance the result hour, carefully computed as to time, of advertising the program or the there was a band of praying men speakers. "One of the remarkable and women on their knees in Lonfeatures of this, compared with former Volunteer Conventions," says The North American Student, "was

don, pleading with God to bless the Isaac Taylor Headland tells of see- message of their pastor across the ing an old blind woman sitting on sea in this far-off city. the bare ground in the cornfield on a Solving Financial Problema Through cold winter day, feeling about her if Prayer by chance she might find a few weeds or cornstalks to light a fire The recent solution, t h r 0 ugh under her brick bed and cook her prayer, of the financial difficulties of morsel of bread, oblivious of the fact two great missionary organization's- that just beneath her was a great the Church Missionary Society and undeveloped coal-mine! the China Inland Mission-demonstrates, no less than the Student What a picture this is of mission- Volunteer Convention, the wisdom of ary organizations, great and small, drawing on the boundless resources laboriously gathering odds and ends of God, instead of trusting in the de- of money, when by drawing on the vices of man. boundless resources of Goel they might have enough and to spare.

During the past five years the The Lack of Public Prayer Church Missionary Society has been accumulating a debt which last year Mr. Benjamin Starr, a layman of amoimted to $370,000. Dismayed by Homer, New York, has been inves- the vast proportions it was assuming, tigating the amount of prayer offered a conference was called at Swanwick, in the average church for the spread England, to carefully investigate the of the Gospel. Having recently matter and decide what to do. Not made the rounds of a number of only the officers and leaders of the churches, visiting their Sunday and Society were invited, but all who had regular mid-week services to see the interests of its work at heart. At what they were praying for, he gave the conference more time was de- the results of his investigations at a voted to prayer than to plans and conference of the United Missionary methods. Note the result. Before' Campaign at Schenectady, N. Y.

the end of the year the entire debt "I have found," he said, "that in had been wiped out and nearly $100,- the majority of churches I visited 000 had been added to the perman- there was almost no time spent in ent income of the Society! Instead prayer for the salvation of the world.

of the retrenchment all along the In some of these churches there was line that had seemed the only way no mention whatever of the cause of cut, great enlargement has now be- missions in the prayers. In one the come possible. whole matter was disposed of in a At the close of 1912, the China single petition: 'God bless the mis- Inland Mission found itself in sore sionaries and their ministries.' The financial straits. The income had praying was all selfish. 'The Lord been the smallest for sixteen years, bless our church; our pastor; our and only by shaving salaries and prayer-meeting; our Sunday-school; postponing furloughs was heavy debt our homes; our children; our sick; avoided. But, true to its practise of our city'-all selfish. Anyone who asking God, not man, for funds, the will take time, as I did, to visit the China Inland Mission betook itself churches and analyze the prayers, to prayer. Ere long a gift of $50,000 will be grieved to find how little from a living giver and a legacy of public prayer there is for missions."

$250,000 from the estate of Mr. At Silver Bay, last July, the Rev.

William Borden came to their relief, George F. Sutherland, secretary of and enabled them to enter upon the the Department of Missionary Edu- advance movements that had been cation of the Methodist C h u r c h , planned. spoke along the same line. "If the In "China's New Day," Doctor prayer we hear in public is equal to

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that offered in private, the total is "Third, we are to begin with the pitifully small," he said. "And the missionaries already on the field, for public prayers we hear are alto- these are God's channels of salvation gether too vague. We ask God to and blessing to the heathen about bless the heathen and the missionaries, them, and they need constant revivand stop there. But that is not praying ing in spirit, soul, and body. for missions. Real praying for missions is definite and intelligent, and "Lastly, we are to begin with the includes the missionaries (special native church in the midst of the ones by name), native oastors and heathen; for extensive and intensive helpers, Bible-women, evangelists, evangelism depends upon the native native churches, hospitals, schools, Christians, and the work of reaching colleges, and so on ad libitum." To the masses will never be accomthis Mr. Sutherland added the fol- plished until prayer is offered and lowing good advice: "Do not pray answered for these. for all these things at one meeting. You will do well if you cover the "When the soul has been exercised whole ground in a year. Whatever about such subjects as the above, you do, don't prav for the heathen in then-and ideally, then only-is one a lump. Take them in sections, that prepared to be an intercessor in beis, by fields or stations." half of the heathen.

Praying for the Heathen "In praying for the heathen it is necessary to understand what are "How ought we to pray for the God's purposes toward them, for much of the ineffectiveness of our vast multitudes who have never praying arises from the fact that our prayers are not in harmony with the heard of Christ?" will of God as revealed in the Vord of God. To illustrate: I once knew Some months ago this question of a man. who prayed: "Oh God. convert the Devil. and do it quick!" was sent to The Sunday School This was a splendid prayer from one standpoint, for it was daring, it went Times for discussion in the depart- to the root of the matter. and pro- posed to God that He should deal ment. "Questions in the Prayer effeetively with the whole question of sin. But it was wholly opposed to Life," conducted in The Times by the revelation of God's purposes as related to Satan and sin. so it re- Mr. Henry W. Frost, of Philadel- mained-as it always will remain—': unanswered. phia, Home Director of the China "The Scriptural testimony concern- Inland Mission. Mr. Frost's consid- ing the heathen is briefly this: First, (;od would have all men to be saved. eration of it, somewhat condensed, Second, he has commanded that the Gospel be preached to all men. Third. was as follows: . He has said that many will believe and be saved. Fourth, He has fore- "The way to pray for the heathen, told that many will disbelieve and be lost. Lastly. He has made it clear in the first place, is not to pray for that when the Gospel has been preached as a world-wide witness. them; for there are some prayers when the saved have heen gathered out from the lost, and certain which must precede such a prayer. national and international events have been fulfilled, Jesus will come "First, we are to begin with our- again, and inaugurate a new age, in selves, since the following questions ought to be settled before God: Are we ourselves right with God? And if we are right, are we ready to answer our prayers for the heathen by doing all we can for them, in giv- ing, and, if need be, in going?

"Second, we are to begin with the church at home; for the heathen will never be saved and blest unless the church is quickened and God's cho- sen ones in it sent forth as his wit- nesses.

which He will reign as King, and the discussions of the class-hour. through which He will reveal new The result was a season of intercespurposes of grace to the children of sion, remarkable for its intelligence, men. definiteness, and fervor.

"This is God's program, as revealed "Mission study classes should be in the Scriptures. Intelligent pray- schools of iutercession."-W. E. ing for the heathen will, therefore, be Doughty. in harmony with these foreknown and foretold plans. And intelligent Meth.Qds of Conducting Services of praying will be effective praying, since it asks God to do what He can Prayer do. and nothing besides. A Service of Silent Prayer.-At the "In view of the above, prayer for Lake Geneva Conferences of the the heathen should include pleadings Missionary Education Movement in that all men may hear the Gospel; I9I2, Mr. Harry Wade Hicks conthat multitudes-God's chosen ones ducted a prayer service that was -may believe; that those who believe deeply impressive. While the audimay tell out the Gospel that other ence stood, with bowed heads, he multitudes may hear and believe; read a number of special objects for and that all of God's purposes may prayer, presenting them one at a be fulfilled in the coming of Christ time, and allowing a brief period and the establishment of His king- after each for silent intercession. dom. The auditorium became intensely still as each one, in the secret of his own "As surely as such prayers are of- heart, lifted up' these petitions to fered, so surely will such issues be God. AU were praying at the same hastened and the great consumma- time for the same things, and there tion be reached." was nothing to distract the attention.

Training in Intelligent Prayer Silent Prayer Preceding Audible Petitions.-A brief period of silent In his advanced study class on prayer closed by one or more audible China, at Silver Bay, last July, Mr. B. prayers at the beginning of the meet- Carter Millikin, secretary of the ing or at any appropriate place dur- Presbyterian Department of Mission- ing the program, is a very helpful ary Education, laid great stress on plan. No form of devotion so quickthe importance of intelligent pray- ly solemnizes the heart and prepares ing. "The crisis is on in China," he it for what is to folIow as silent said at the opening session of the prayer, in which each individual is class. "We have been praying for brought face to face with God. such an awakening for years, but now that it has cOme we lack the in- Meditation before Prayer.-A brief telligence to pray for it." period of meditation on a given topic, followed by a season of prayer, is In order to train the class in intel- another good plan. In a recent numligent intercession for China, one of ber of The Women's Missionary the assignments for work at the first Magazine, Miss Ida B. Little, secresession was to bring in three writ- tary for Young Women in the Uniten prayers suggested by the subject ted Presbyterian Church, suggests a matter of the first chapter of the program on China in which this item text-book to be studied, "The Emer- appears: gency in China," by Doctor Potts. "Meditation-'What sacrifice am I The next day, when the class willing to make for China?' Followed closed with a season of prayer for by a season of prayer." China, Mr. Millikin asked the members either to read the petitions they Prayer in the Dark.-Perhaps had written out beforehand or to there is a suggestion for men's misoffer spontaneous prayers based on sionary meetings in last year's report

I9I 4] DEPARTMENT OF BEST METHODS

of Melvin Trotter's Rescue Mission, Young Men's Christian Association in Grand Rapids, Mich., which tells in an Eastern college, where reports of the wonderful prayer-meetings of the Student Volunteer Convention that are always held in the dark. were presented. The entire prayer of the leader consisted of a number Why in the dark? "Because the of short, definite petitions, with a men prefer it," says The Record of pause between each long enough to Christian Work. "In the dark they compel attention and keep the mind are safe from distractions and dis- on the topic. turbing- elements of any kind. They are wonderful meetings. Sometimes Maps and Prayer.-Maps are everybody seems praying at once, yet great inspirers of prayer. At a conwithout confusion. The very atmos- ference of the Southern Methodist phere seems charged with spiritual Church, held in New Orleans in power." IgoI, it was the priviIeg-e of one of the speakers from the North to oc- Following the Prayer Leader.- cupy a seat next to Mrs. F. Howard Many a devout Christian who desires Taylor (nee Geraldine Guinness), of to follow the one who is leading in the China Inland Mission. Above prayer, and make the petitions his the platform hung- an immense map own, finds to his sorrow that it is of the world, and it was a sight almost impossible to do so. So many never to be forgotten to see that thoughts crowd the mind that it is devout and earnest missionary turn hard to keep it from wandering- off her face to the map whenever there to other things. Much of the power was an intermission between speakers of public prayer is lost in this way. or a pause of any sort, and fix her Perhaps the following remedy will gaze upon it. From the expression help a little. At Silver Bay last of her face, there could be little July there were many Episcopalians doubt that she had withdrawn herpresent, and whenever prayer was self from the world, and was reoffered they responded to each pe- deeming the time by interceding with tition, as is their custom in their own God for the redemption of the world. churches, with softly uttered, yet audible, "Amens." On Sunday morn- Doctor Somerville, of Scotland, ing, at the church service, on hearing used to declare that a pocket-atla!> of the "Amens" coming from all parts the world was the best of all prayerof the auditorium during prayer, the books, and while moderator of the thought suggested itself that if Chris- Free Church Assembly in 1886. tians of all denominations should proved his assertion by a series of follow suit, and respond to each pe- remarkable prayers, in which he intition with "Amen" (So let it be), terceded for all the nations of the "The Lord grant it," "Praise the earth in turn. The states and terri- Lord," or any appropriate phrase, tories of the United States and the not necessarily out loud, but silently divisions of India and other nonin the heart, it would keep the mind Christian lands, together with many from wandering. of the principal cities in each, were prayed for by name and with an in- The prayer-leader can do much to telligence that showed a wide grasp help in this. At Silver Bay, tho the of the whole world-field. public prayers are entirely spontaneous, they seem to be somewhat An almost ideal season of map-inmodeled after the prayers in the spired prayer was once held by a Episcopal Prayer-book, each petition mission study class in a Young Men's being- for a definite object of praise Christian Association. With a map or prayer with a very brief, scarcely of the world before them, they spent perceptible pause between. The same an hour and a half in silent prayer. thing was noticeable in the opening One by one the fields were taken up prayer of a recent meeting of the until the globe was girdled with pe-

tition, but no word was spoken save "For Africa-I will give thee the by the leader, who from time to heathen for thine inheritance. ·time announced the countries in their turn. "Asia-And the uttermost parts of the earth for thy possession. At Kansas City nothin~ inspired more prayer than the great map of "Europe-Godless Europe, money- the world above the platform, show- loving Europe, unclean Europe; pu- ing the fields where volunteers had rify her and fill her with thy Spirit; already gone to work for Christ. "One and London, worst of all; we pray of the greatest moments of the con- for London. vention," says The Missionary H eraid, "was when the great silence fell "Hear us, Lord, for Thy Church, upon the audience, and continued for divided, unclean, mixed; let her be the space of twenty minutes, while filled with Thy Spirit, teach her to Doctor Horton led us in intercession pray, help her to intercede for the for the continents in turn-North world, put on her beautiful garments, America, South America, Asia, Afri- put on her the armor of God, give ca, the Islands, Europe-ending her thy hand, that she may rise with with his own country, Great Britain, power to conquer the world. Hear and his own city, London." our prayer, 0 gracious God! Our Father who art in heaven, hallowed This wonderful period of inter- be Thy name, Thy will be done. cession came at the close of Doctor Horton's great address on prayer, "Gracious Father, permit us all and was focused on the map. The henceforth to be intercessors for the North A merican St1~dent gives the 'Kingdom of God. Enroll us on that following stenographic report of the great roll of those who plead for the words he used in conducting it, to- coming of the Kingdom with effecgether with the brief prayer he of- tive power. When we are separate fered at the close: from one another over all the coun- tries of the world, may we constantly "Dr. Mott says I must lead your tillite in spirit together, as we do at intercession. Not on any account. this moment, to plead with Thee for You know who must lead it. All I the coming of that Kingdom, and to have to do myself is to intercede. exercise this united ministry of in- That is all you have to do for fifteen tercession through Jesus Christ our minutes, to intercede. What for? Lord. Amen." Look at the map, that map of all the countries of the earth. That is what "Can we not duplicate every woman working in China by a praying-mate * * * you must intercede for-nothing definitely set apart to the work of in- tercession at home ?"-Mrs. Helen else. Barrett Montgomery, in "H~lps for "I will not read any passage, nor China's New Day."

utter any prayer. We will take the Missionary Prayer Usb continents, and pray for them. I will tell you when to go over from Keeping lists of special persons America to Africa, to Asia, to Eu- and specific objects to be prayed for rope. Give your whole heart, in the is one of the best aids to systematic name and power of Jesus Christ, to and intelligent intercession for mispray for these continents, that they sions. This was one of the things may become the Kingdom of God, especially recommended to beginners in the prayer-life by Doctor HortolJ that over each of them Christ may at Kansas City. reign the undisputed Lord, and that at His command every· knee may It is the custom of the Rev. Ding bow. Bow your' heads and pray in Li Mei, the greatest evangelist in silence. China (some say, in all the world), "For America-North America, to k~ep lon¥ lisls9f ~hos,e for wlJom South America-Thy King-dom come.

OF BEST METHODS

he prays himself and whom he asks thought he could pray for nearly to join him in praying for others. every member of the Mission by lo- This is one of the secrets of his cality and name, which means that marvelous power. W1'en in China, he could visit in thought over two hundred stations and mention over Mr. J. Campbell White met Pastor one thousand persons. 'Oh,' you say, 'but he has a remarkable memory.' Ding and heard of the long hours he Yes, he has, but that is not the full spent in interceding for those whose explanation of it. He has prayed so names were on his lists, and of the often for these missionaries and their remarkable answers that were grant- work that their names lie upon his ed to his prayers. On his return, heart. It is nothing short of a lib- Mr. White told his brother, Doctor eral education to bend. the knee be- W. W. White, of the New York side this man of God and hear him Bible Teachers' Training School. all pray, he goes into such details, and about it. Not long after, when Doc- willingly takes such long periods of tor White was himself in China, he. time to fulfil this ministry of inter- too, met Pastor Ding. In conversa- cession. * * * ."Jion with the great evangelist, he "I remember an address that the . said to him that he would like very much to have his name on one of hi's Rev. J. Hudson Taylor once gave, in prayer-Iisls,' "It is there now." was the astonishing reply. "You are No. which he said that he once made a I knew of the good work discovery that awakened and startled you are doing and wished to share in him. He had been interested in it. " China, and he used to begin praying The question has been raised for that land and would pray for it whether it is a physical possibility so long that he had little time to give for a man to pray with intelligent in- to other countries. So he determined terest for so many persons as this. that he would reverse the process, It seems incredible, yet it must be a beginning with the forgotten lands possibility, for others beside Pastor and ending with China. On thinking Ding have been able to accomplish it. about it, he decided that South And that, too, without the great America was the country most fre- powers of memory characteristic of quently left out, and from that time the Chinese. Hudson Taylor, foun- on usually began his prayer with that der and general director of the China Inland Mission, was able to do it, * country. Then, he added, 'You may and Mr. D. E. Hoste, his successor, does it at the present time. be sure I never forget China.' * * In an address on "How We May "As I speak, I am far away in Become Intercessors,"* given before the All-Day Prayer Conference, held China, traveling in a house-boat. in the Brick Church in New York There are, in the boat, besides the City last November, Mr. Henry W. native crew, Mr. and Mrs. Hudson Frost gave glimpses of the prayer- Taylor and myself. It is night, and, life of these two great English lead- disturbed for some reason, I can not ers of the Lord's hosts in China, sleep, but am lying awake in the which reveal something of the darkness. In a little, I hear the breadth of their intercessory powers. striking of a match, and then I see, Mr. Frost spoke as follows: through the thin curtain, the flicker "In speaking of his prayer-life, of a light. I know now what it is. Mr. Hoste once told me that he Mr. Taylor, who is not strong in his old age, and ought to be asleep, is • An excellent rellort of Mr. Frost's address, up and astir. Through the curtain I together with reports of those of four other no- see him sitting, bending over the table speakers at this AIl·Day Pra:!,er Confer- Word of God. Then, presently, I ence, was printed in the issue of The Su.nday hear him pray. Through the hour, .$;choo~ Timu for January 17, 1914•. or, possibly, two hours, I hear the pleading voice, the escaping sigh.

This man of God is interceding, am- discouragements loomed up large beply and specifically, and identifying fore me. At the first out-station we himself with God and men. This is sat, the young Chinese preacher and the explanation of the midnight hour, I, in his sitting-room, with its the many words, and the sigh which straight-backed chairs, small teaamolints almost to a sob." tables, and a shelf of books neatly labeled anel carefully arranged. The If you can not spend long hours walls were decorated with some all your knees, like Hudson Taylor, scrolls and a picture or two. Hangif you can not intercede for thou- ing over the table were large sheets sands, like Mr. Haste and Ding Li of paper, with Chinese characters Mai, you can at least select one mis- written so large as to be read across sionary and pray for him or her. the room. I asked if they were for .Those who are willing to el)ter God's lise in the chapel. school of intercession, as a rule, find themselves promoted, step by step. "'No,' said the preacher, who was The joy and gladness that comes once a farm hand and had hated the from participation in this form of Gospel so much that he planned to missionary work spur one on and on burn clown the chapel, 'I use them until name after name is added to every night at family prayers as a the list of missionaries aided in this reminder of certain things we must way. all never fail to remember.'

"Prayer is the first and chief meth- "The force is somewhat lost by od of helping to solve the missionary the following translation, but I' give problem. Will not every reader of vou a fairly literal rendering, pre- this help in the effort to get a definite serving the idiom: group of people at home into the habit of supporting by daily prayer I. Oh, Lord, bless the Church. each missionary in the thick of the 2. Oh, Lord, resurrect the hearts of fight?"-J. Campbell White. the church-members. Missions at the Family Altar' 3. Oh. Lord, bless the people of this "The Christian family forms an district, and give them to believe ideal prayer group," says Mr. W. E, the Gospel. Doughty, editorial secretary of the 4. Oh, Lord, bless the preaching of Laymen's Missionary 2lovement. the Word and the distribution of "Carefully planned family devotions, the books. with definite subjects for prayer, will 5. Oh, Lord, bless China; now there be richlv fruitful." is danger for her; bring other countries to be at peace with her; Fran; far-off China comes the help us to a true love of country. story of a family altar where there 6. Oh, Lord, take away the bitterness is definite praying day by day for of the persecuted Koreans. definite objects concerning the spreacJ of the Kingdom. In the account of "His wife was sick in bed upstairs a tour among the out-stations of and his children asleep, but before we separated for the night, we Kashing, the Rev. J. Mercer Blain, knelt on the cold floor and prayed. This plain ex-laborer carried me up of the Southern Presbyterian Church, with him. Nat one petition was tells of it in The Missionary Survey) overlooked, and many others were as follows: added. My strength was renewed; it was communion of soul with soul, "The night was cold, the wind anel of man with God. Is there not was blowing hard, and it was rain- great hope for the Chinese Church ing. I was physically weary and with such praying men as this?"

EDITORIALS

MISSIONARY SITUATION IN The schools at Monterey, San MEXICO Luis Potosi, and Guadalajara have continued without interrup- DAME RUMOR is ever an unre- tion. liable news-vender, and even ap- 2. Methodist Episcopal C h u r c h (North) : 8 men and their wives, parently reliable source~ ?f in for~na­ located in Mexico City, Puebla, Pachuca, and Guanajuato. The tion too often spread mlsmformatlon. schools are more full of students than ever, and the churches· are One traveler who recently returned well attended. 3. The American Board: 3 men and from Mexico made the remarkable 7 women, located at Chihuahua, Guadalajara, Parral, and Hern;ostatement that there were more Prot- sillo. Attendance at the natIve churches has been larger than in estant churches in ~fexico City than ordinary times, and schools at Chihuahua, Guadalajara, and Parin all the rest of the country put to- ral have been continued with the usual numbers. The missionary gether! He also said that practically in Hermosillo has been working among the revolutionary (Constiall the missionaries have left the coun- tutional) troops, and has met with most cordial treatment. He has try, and that there are in all Mexico dis p 0 sed of an unexpected amount of Christian literature and now only about 1,000 Protestant New Testaments. 4. Protestant Episcopal Missions: 6 Christians. "The remainder are for- men ancl 4 women, at Guadalajara, Mexico City, and Puebla. Many eigners" he said, "and all but about of the native congregations are roo of'these have left the country." badly scattered, and in some places temporarily abandoned. The man who made these statements is The schools at Guadalajara and in Mexico City are open, and in the a Christian, in sympathy with missions, latter place are planning to build an addition to the Hooker School. and has visited many of the coast 5. Presbyterian Missions (North): 8 men and 5 women, at Mexico towns. His misinformation came from City, Coyoacan, Zacatecas, Sa!- tiIlo, Zitacuaro, and Aquas Calt- Consuls and other government of- entes. The Yucatan district is re- ported quiet, and the work in a ficials-too many of whom know less flourishing- condition. Even more than usual interest in spiritual life about the Protestant Christian insti- is shown by people in many of the stations. During the week of tutions in Mexico than they know prayer there were well-attendea union meetings in Mexico City. about the bull-fights. . Most of the 35 schools and 46 churches are conducted as usual. Correspondence with missiomiri~s and the 18 Mission Boards at work 111 Mexico reveals the fact that most .of the mission-schools and churches are still open and are conducted as us~a1.

At the beginning of the revolutIOn, about two years ago, there were 3.3 I organized Protestant churches, WIth 24,771 Mexican commun!c~nt mem- bers. There are more Chnshans there to-day, altho some of the churches. a.re now temporarily dosed, or are 111111IS- tereel to by Mexican pastors and teachers. Some of the stations have been broken up by the revolution, but will be opened again at the restoration of peace.

Among the missionaries still at their posts are the following: I. Methodist Episcopal C h u r c h (South) : 4 men and 4 w~men, .lo- cated in Monterey, MexIco CIty, Guadalajara, and San Luis Potosi.

6. Presbyterian Missions (South): for law and order; while Villa is of 2 men and I woman at Matamoras the cowboy type, with rough strength and Montemore1os. The greatest of character, but inclined to take the danger is from bandits. execution of law into his own hands if he deems it necessary. He became 7. Southern Baptist Convention a bandit on being obliged to flee for Missions: 5 men and 3 women, his life after killing a Federal soldiel located at Toluca, Leon, Saltillo, who had seduced his sister. He is not Chihuahua, Torreon, and the fitted for a position of authority, but West Coast. The schools at To- has a mountaineer's sense of right and luca and Saltillo are open as usual, justice. In the event of the success and are well attended. of Huerta, it is believed that the Ro- manists would come into greater 8. Woman's American Baptist Home power, and the only government Mission: 4 women, in Mexico would be by military authority. City and Puebla. The work is conducted as usual in all the mis- The raising of the embargo on arms sion schools. Monterey has been from the United States has no doubt the scene of battle. increased the danger to Americans in districts occupied by revolutionists 9. S eve nth Day Adventists. 17 and by bandits. It is generally be- workers, at Mexico City, San Luis lieved by missionaries that interven- Potosi, Monterey, and Guadala- tion would be a mistake, as it would be jara. The colporteurs are still en- extremely costly in life and money. gaged in their work, with little It would also probably mean ultimate interruption, One Italian colpor- annexation, and the placing of a garri- teur, who was threatened by the son of United States soldiers in every Constitutionalists with death as a important Mexican town. spy, was saved by a page from a Spanish Gospel Hymn-book found What the people in Mexico City in his pocket. may expect if the Zapata brothers, who are conducting the revolution ro. American Bible Society: I woman, south of Mexico City, conquer and in Yucatan. enter the city may be judged fro'm the following information, sent bv I I. International Y. M. C. A.: 5 men, a gentleman residing in Mexico City: in Mexico City, Chihuahua, and Monterey. MANIFESTO DEL 12. Disciples of Christ: 6 workers GENERAL EMILIANO ZAPATA in Piedras Negras. The institute and orphanage are conducted as TO THE INHABITANTS OF THE CITY OF MEXICO usual-a very useful work. Emiliano Zapata, General-in-Chief of 13. Brethren (Christian Missions in the Divisions of the South and the Many Lands): 3 men, I woman Center, to the inhabitants of the City in Tehuacan and Mexico City. of Mexico. Let it be known: Sunday-schools are still open in Orizaba and Rio Blanco. The 1st-That in council of war it has been most important branch of the determined to take the City of Mexico work is the free distribution of hy blood and fire. the Gospel paper El Sembrador (The Sower). 2nd-That unrelenting justice will be meted out to all the enemies of the It is the general opinion of mission- cause that are responsible for real aries that the triumph of the Consti- crimes, being judged by authorities who tutionalists would be greatly to the shall be named for the purpose. advantage of Mexico and of Protestant Christianity. Huerta is a man 3rd-That the property of the conof low character and ideals, and owes demned shall be used for the support of the Constitutional Army. ' his position only to his fighting ability and his unscrupulous character. Car- 4th-That all officers and commanders ranza has some ability, and has respect of the so-called Federal Army will be shot without trial, because of being the only ones who are supporting the usurper.

5th-That in case of surrender before the beginning of the combat, the lives for the conversion of men to Christ of such will be respected, in case they and a sense of the unique power of are not guilty of other crimes. the Holy Spirit are praying and working for an adequate and unified 6th-The traitors, Huerta and Blan- missionary program. The Christian quet, after a swift process of law, will converts on the foreign fields are debe degraded publicly, and hanged in the manding less emphasis on differences balconies of the National Palace, as a and more emphasis on essentials, to universal warning. unite the churches of the mission fields. Laymen at home are becom- 7th-The rest of the Cabinet will be ing more and more impatient with shot without further cause. theological quibbling and more in- sistent on Christian cooperation, with 8th-The lives and interests of the economy and efficiency in service and foreigners who are neutral will be re- a practical manifestation of the Spirit spected. Only those will be punished of Christ. who have taken active part in the politics of the country, after tria1. There is, of cours-e, a danger lest this spirit of fellowship, which some- 9th-That five days will be given to times not only includes all Christian the inhabitants of the City of Mexico sects, but Jews, Moslems and infidels, who wish to get away from the horrors shall cause disloyalty to Jesus Christ of the figbt, to leave the city. and His standards from fear of creating dispute and discord; but 10th-All the executions will be pub- those who acknowledge Jesus Christ lic, in the Plaza de la Constitution. as Son of God and the only Savior. and hold to the necessity of absolute 11th-The unworthy Press will .say obedience to God as His will is rethat forces have been sent out, and that vealed in the Bible, need not fear to they have defeated us, but this will be unite in worship and service. false, for all we have ever seen is the backs of the Federals. One of the great forces for Chris- tian union in mission fields has been 12th-As it favors the best results, the the Edinburgh Conference and the day when the assault on the city is to Continuation Committee under the begin will not be known. leadership of Dr. John R. Mott. His recent world tour with the sec- Cuartel General en Milpa Alta, D. F., tional and national conferences in December 16, 1913, India, China and Japan have brought together missionaries and native GENERAL EMILIANO ZAPATA. Christian leaders as never before. Their reports brought out the extent The missionary societies at work in of unoccupied territory in each coun- Mexico have now an unusual oppor- try, the foolish rivalries and lack of tunity to come together and to agree cooperation, the great opportunities in upon a policy of readjustment and co- the face of decaying idolatry and operation at the return of peace. A the tremendous urgency due to the letter has been sent out by the Com- present open-mindedness of the peomittee on Latin-America, representing ple and the growth of irreligion. the Foreign Missions Conference, and Most important of all, perhaps, it is earnestly hoped that these boards was the' formation of Continuation and societies will come to some prac- Committees in India, China and Japtical agreement in the spirit of Chris- an. These committees are to contian comity, economy, and efficiency. tinue the work of promoting coopera- Union schools and coneges, union hos- tion and unity. pitals, and presses may be then established, and a division of territory, Another development of recent to avoid pn!sent duplication, and to years is the establishment of union care for the unoccupied districts. In the time of war let us prepare for peace.

UNION AND UNITY IN MISSIONS T HERE is no doubt that the move- ment toward Christian union is growing both at home and abroad. Missionaries with a broad vision of the needs of the world-field and a knowledge of the scattered and inadequate forces, with a deep desire schools and colleges, seminaries and fore God till we get it. No waitmedical work, publishing houses and ing for this is wasted time. Better industrial work in foreign fields. At one day, with power from on high, home there is a new emphasis on than a hundred or a thousand in its union training-schools for mission- absence. God would not have us aries, more (:onferences on special neglect the natural basis of studious fields and topics and united cam- and systematic preparation, for grace paigns in the churches. sets no premium on sloth, and a mind and heart fitted by devout study of There are still some denominations the "Vord of God is most likely to that insist on their "shibboleths" as be endued. essential to fellowship and cooperation but as we come into greater one- As has often been said, but needs ness with Jesus Christ, our Lord, to be continually repeated, men, we must of necessity come closer money, machinery, organization are together and as we emphasize more not able to convert the world. Withthe necessity of immediate and ab- out the Power of God working solute obedience to Him we will through them, they are dead. One not fail to work more earnestly and man of prayer, Spirit-filled, consehannoniously together. The idea of crated and energized by God, can union into one earthly organization accomplish more in one year for must of necessity be secondary to the Kingdom of Christ than can a unity in loyalty, purpose and plan of thousand men not so endued in a cencampaign. tury. In these days when education and contact with western civilization TWO IMPERATIVE MISSIONARY are bringing the thought of the world to the attention of the East, the fruits NEEDS of Christianity are more desired than the roots. Intellectual progress is THERE are two points in which more desired than spiritual growth, the missionaries now on the and social service for temporal betforeign field are absolutely agf'eed: terment is esteemed of greater value ( I) The need of more missionaries than individual sequestration into to take care of unoccupied fields and spiritual life. Better send no more to accept the new opportunities pre- missionaries to foreign lands than to sented. Dr. John R. Mott says that send those who have doubts or unfrom the time he landed in Ceylon settled convictions in regard to the until he left the Japanese islands deity of Jesus Christ, the final auseveral months later there was one thority of the Bible as the rule ot unbroken appeal for more missionaries. Even in Japan, eight per faith and practise, the reality of the cent. of the population have not power of prayer to accomplish obheard the facts of the Gospel and jective as well as subjective results, the missionaries asked for 400 new the necessity of regeneration through foreign workers in the next four faith in Jesus Christ to insure spirityears. Now is the time to take ad- ual life here and hereafter, and the vantage of the opportunity. power of the Spirit of God as the one force on which we must rely for (2) But another and still more im- the bringing of mankind to Christ. perative need is that every man and woman sent out by the Christian When there is a great and true churches !irall have a dear, positive, Christlike. missionary message and spiritual awakening in our churches shall be filled with the Holy Spirit and seminaries at home there will and with power. The anointing by be an unselfish exodus of consecrated the Holy Spirit for service is the men and money into all the neediest greatest need in missions, both at home. and abroad. Let us tarry be- and most difficult fields of the world.

WORLD·WIDE

MISSIONARY NEWS INDIA organize a mISSIOnary society to FChristianity and the Census in India bring light into the hearts and lives ROM the 1911 census of India of the blind, the deaf and the dumb Dr. J. ]. Lucas, of Allahabad, in the United Provinces. The census the veteran Presbyterian missionary, returns report 27:125 deaf mutes in made an interesting report to the the United Provinces, and 105,722 conference in Allahabad. Referring persons who are blind of both eyes; to the advance made by Christianity yet there are but two institutions in in the United Provinces, with their the whole territory which make any population of nearly 50,000,000, the provision at all for these sufferers.

Government census superintendent The Future Women of India says: A "One of the most striking features N educatecl native of India, Miss Susie Sorabji, who comes of a of this census is the very large in- crease of Indian Christians. In 1881 notable family of Parsis, has given the figures were 13,225, equivalent in the Dllyanodaya (Bombay) a to 3 per 10,000. In 191 I the Chris- striking prophecy of the future of In- tians numbered 136AC>sJ, or 29 per dian women.

w,ooo. The percentage of the in- "I see, as through the vista of the crease has been 98.2 since 19oI, or coming years, the Indian woman 929.5 since 188r." emancipated, honored, raised, occupy- These converts are mainly of the ing her God-given place as the mis- lower castes, but the superintendent, tress of her husband's home. Till E. A. H. Blunt, writes: "I feel sure woman is recognized as the home- that the Christian of 191 I is in a maker in India, we can not expect much less unhappy condition than he any Indian homes, in this country of was ten years ago, and the reason, palaces-and hovels.

in large measure, I put down to the "Again, in the land where women fact that he himself is a better man. doctors_ are so necessary, I see those . . . There can be no question that women with their gentle touch, their year by year Christianity is becoming noiseless steps, their soothing voices, far more of a reality for those who their undying patience, drawing upon adopt it." that fund of endurance which the Mr. Blunt thinks that the increase Eastern woman possesses in such in numbers should have been greater. abundant measure, and working long in view of the early development of hours without food or rest for some Christianity from the lower strata of precious life. For no other field of society, the Galilean fisherman, the active labor are the women of India Roman slave, and the pagan savage, more fitted, and it is only Chris- lip to the higher. "With the ex- tianity that makes it possible for ample of what was achieved in the them to enter it.

past before us," he says, "its success in HI see Indian women in the schools, Jndia need not therefore cause sur- where their quick intuition, their prize, and the important question for vivid imagination, their ready re- consideration appears to me to be sponse to the child's moods, their not why it has been successful, but wonderful flow of language render why it has been no more successfuL" them invaluable as teachers. All Dr. Lucas also asked if the Con- this will surely be in the near future, tinuation Committee could not call for the heart of woman in India is on the blind in Christian lands to crying for something outside the nar-

row limits of a religion that is effete. ing in the fields. A few years ago, "So I see the long, long lines of you heard very few people praying. To-day from thousands of hearts and India's women, Hindu and Moslem, lips is going up the prayer: '0, Farsi and Jain, lifting on high the Jesus Christ, have favor on me, reburnished, shining lamp of faith, member me, and save me from sin!' walking white-robed through this A few years ago, except in the dark, heathen land of ours, with homes of the workers, there was no eyes aflame with holy fire and hearts family prayer. To-day, the family aglow with Christlike love." altar is being established all over this field. To-day, our common greeting A Moslem School for Girls is: 'Are you happy?' Answer: 'All happy inside. Jesus is inside my EVER since the Lucknow Confer- heart.' " ence of Missionaries Among Moslems was held three years ago, T Questions which Trouble Hindus both opportunities and opposition HE Hindus of the Panjab have have been growing. "There is an had another conference. The open door and there are many ad- presiding officer "strongly recomversaries." Several Mohammedan mended amelioration of the opprest girls have come into the Lucknow c~asses; prohibition of early mar- Methodist School as boarders, and a nage, reform of sadhus (religious great deal of correspondence has beggars or 'holy men'), female edugone on with parents who are think- cation, and relief to widows and ing of sending their daughters there. orphans." . They again solemnly re- "The chief adversary just now," says solved "that not only considerations Miss Ruth Robinson, "is a school for of humanity and justice, but even Mohammedan girls, which has re- self-interest demands that the uncently been opened in Lucknow, in touchables be regarded as on an charge of a Canadian girl who be- equal footing with the other Hindus came a Mohammedan ten years ago, and made part and parcel of the while living in London. Her chief community." So it is recommended purpose in coming to India, she told that schools be started for their edua friend of mine, is to teach women cation all over the country with a that their religion gives a higher view to making them better citizens place to women than any other re- of the empire. While they resolve ligion in the world. She conducts this, some hundreds of Christian her school on orthodox Mohamme- missionaries are, with their helpers, dan lines, teaching the Koran every doing it, making myriads of them day, and keeping the girls in strict citizens of Christ's own empire. One seclusion or purdah." reads of prosecutions of those aiding a widow's suttee, of those making a Singing the Lord's Song business of stealing and selling girls. One girl, eight years old, had been D ~SCR!BIN<! the state of affairs sold to three different men, to each , in hls nelghborhood, the tes- of whom she had been "married." timony of Rev. C. E. Parker (Vikarabad, India) is: "A few Converted by Bible-reading years ago, throughout this district, a Christian song could not be heard, THE Bible in the Warld gives the unless sung by a Christian worker, following incidents, which show or some little children, here and the evangelistic power .of the Word there, who had been taught. To-day, of God, even when not explained by all along the roads the people are the living voice of a missionary.. singing praises to God, and the old, obscene songs are given up. The men While paying a visit in the Panjab are singing at the well; the women to a remote village a Government singing at the mill; the farmers sing-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

school inspector saw a pandit teach- pathy over one of its chief sessions. Then not a church nor a school. ing a group of disciples. Drawing Now well toward a thousand Bapnear to listen, he was astonished to tist churches, and many hundreds catch the familiar words of St. Mat- of Christian schools, represented at thew's Gospel. He asked the pandit this great gathering in the hall of how he came to be teaching out of the Baptist College. Then a lonely St. Matthew. In reply the pandit missionary nucleus; now nearly a told him that at the time of the hundred delegates from the homeland Indian Mutiny he had seen many and from various Christian bodies houses looted, and the books found in India, Siam, China, and Japan, in them thrown away as useless. including alert secretaries of the Among some of these discarded Young Men's Christian Association, books he had noticed this copy of Young Women's Christian Associathe Gospel, which he picked up and tion, Christian Endeavor, and the read. He had found that what he British and Foreign Bible Society." read was so good that he had taught it in turn to his followers. He had But much remains to be done in constantly made use of St. Mat- the Christian conquest of Burma. thew's Gospel since then, and his Among 8,000,000 Burmese Buddisciples agreed with him that its dhists, there are only 3,000 Burwords were very good. .. mese Christians. The vast ma- jority of the converts are from Judlon's Day and Ours in Burma among the Karens of various tribes, and they have come out of animism. T HE Judson centenary was cele- brated in Rangoon in December Slaves Set Free i:a Assam by a week of meetings, in describing which one writer makes the follow- I N the hills of Assam the prophecy ing comparisons: of Isaiah is being fulfilled, and the Gospel is bringing liberty to the "What if Judson could have stept captives. One Christian chief, out of that day in July, 1813, into Hrangkima, a few months after his the vast audience room of the splen- conversion, wrote to the missionary did Cushing Memorial at the Ran- in charge, "Now I am determined to goon College, and could have seen continue believing in God's Vord. the company that literally packed it Therefore, in the name of the Lord from session to session! What a Jesus, I have freed 26 families of contrast to the Burma of a century slaves who are in my village. Now ago! Then the barest beginning of we, all the members of my family, Scripture translation. Now the have given ourselves to the Lord Hible in six languages. Then not a Jesus. It is very happy." This act Christian. Now 65,000 membership means a sacrifice of over one in Baptist churches, and as many thousand rupees, a very large sum more definite adherents, in all more in Assam. Another Christian chief than half the total Christian com- of Lushai, Assam, Hrangvunga by munity of Burma. Then a filthy name, in freeing his 41 families of stockade town of 10,000 people, slaves, wrote to them in these words: straggling along the bank of the "In the name of the Lord Jesus I Irrawaddy. Now a splendid city of free you from your slavery. In 300,000, under enlightened, progres- like manner as you are freed by me sive British rule. Then a sullen, hos- from slavery, be freed from the tile community on every side. Now slavery of sin, and believe in Jesus, throngs of bright, attractive, welcom- then you will have eternal life. ing faces, and wonderful voices in Altho you are freed from being a Christian song. Then a murderous slave to me, unless you are freed pagan king. N ow a British Lieuten- from the slavery of sin you are still ant-Governor, presiding in full sym-

in very great slavery. Jesus suffered magistrate alld the military com- on the cross of wood to free us from mander. The latter was baptized in slavery and that we might have life the old chapel, and is a very out- by believing in Him. To follow Him spoken Christian. On the next Lord's is very necessary for you and for Day, I9 men and 23 women and I3 me." children were baptized. The church CHINA now has a membership of over 300, T Population of the Republic and is entirely self-supporting, also HE most recent and, in fact, the supporting a school which will be- only trustworthy enumeration of come a power in the next few years.

the population of China shows that China Leading in Christian Union ill the limits of China proper there are 302,000,000 people six years old REV. A. C. BOWEN of Chang Chow writes: and over. vVhen those under six years are added, it brings the popu- "There is a great tendency in the l'rotestant churches of China toward lation up to about 320,000,000. union. There is manifest a great de- Taking the country as a whole, the. sire for cooperation along all lines of density of population averages that church work, to recognize members of the State of New York, or 208 to of all denominations as brethren and the square mile. In some provinces members' of the Church of Christ, it is greater, but in most parts of and a willingness to receive all such. the country the population is rela- without requiring them to be retively as sparse as that of Maine. If baptized or to take again Church the United States had as many peo- vows. Emphasis is being laid upon ple to the square mile as China, how- Church comity as nev~r before. The ever, our population would be over churches are realizing that the essen- 600,000,000. – Pittsburgh Christian tials of salvation are accepted by all Advocate. in common, and that nearly alL if not all, of their differences result The Open Door in China C H1..jNG LAU is a market town, from cleaving to the non-essentials. about 160 miles south of Canton, They are thus seeking, and, I be- and said to have 40,000 inhabitants, lieve, wisely, to bring Protestant and the villages surrounding it num- Christendom into one grand union, ber about 100. A Presbyterian chapel leaving, in the course of time, to the has been there for twenty years. Church of Christ in China a unified Much hostility was manifested toward system of doctrine and polity. It is those who favored the Gospel during remarkable what a gracious spirit of the first ten years, and the work was unity exists among us. 'vVe are com- hard, with about thirty converts as ing constantly closer together and, the results. A few weeks ago a fine we believe, the time is not far away church was dedicated at Chung Lan. where there will abide only the spirit Its site cost $1,500 gold, all paid of unity, cooperation and mutual for by Chinese. The San Ning magis- helpfulness."

trate, and the military commander of Another missionary, Rev. W. H.

three districts, came by train, to be Gleysteen, of Peking, says that the present at the opening. They were native Christians of that city have met at the depot by a large company already eliminated from their vocab- of Christians, with banners and music. ulary almost entirely the denomina- and a procession of 500 was· formed tional names which the missionaries and marched through the market to among them still feel obliged to the chapel. More than 1,500 persons maintain. In Peking no Chinaman were at the church, but only 700 could speaks of the Presbyterian church or find seats. Addresses were made by the Methodist church, but designates the native preachers, and also by the these two houses of worship as "th<

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS 30

church at Second Street," and "the Watts O. Pye, of Fenchow, which church at Filial Piety Street." lays out with far-sighted wisdom a I Good News from Hainan scheme of mission and governmental cooperation, safeguarding all inter- N one village 23 families out of ests. l1r. Pye states that the lead- 25 are reported to be Christian. ing officials and gentry of the dis- At Fong-Khom, where the first trict are behind this offer. Realizing Christian, a few years ago, was per- that they can not manage their own secuted and forced to pay money for schools on account of the graft, exorcism, now 15 out of 30 families ignorance and inefficiency of their are Christian, and meet daily for teachers, they turn to the mission- family prayer. On Sabbaths they aries. The Prudential Committee, reach the chapel at nine in the morn- upon receiving this message, simply ing and stay until four or five in the did not dare refuse such a clear afternoon. At the village of INak- providential opening. The Home De- dong a group has sprung up from a partment accordingly was authorized boy who came to our school and went to proceed at once, in the hope of home and taught his people. .They securing the necessary funds and are now preparing to build a workers.

thatched chapel. Here the Christians Already the workers are in sight.

not only say grace before meals, but As for the money, it will take not whenever they start out for work less than $IO,oOD this year, and they gather for a prayer, and before $4,000 per year thereafter, and for starting back from their fields they this the Board is making an earnest have another prayer to thank God appeal.

for his care. At Hau-bau seven or Enlisting Chinese Inquirers eight families are living in shacks in T the fields, because they refused to HE adaptability of home methods of evangelistic effort to the foragain worship the demons from whose fear they had been freed. eign field is illustrated in an account given by Rev. Thos. Barclay (of The Shansi Officials' Offer Accepted the English Presbyterian mission) of REFERENCE has already been a mission held at Chinchew, South made in our pages to the un- China. Printed slips were dis- precedented offer made to the Ameri- tributed, asking those who felt in- can Board by the officials of the terested in what they had heard, and province of Shansi, and the fact that Vho wished to make further inquiry.

the lack of funds prevented the to write down their names and ad- Board from grasping the great oppor- dresses, with a view to their being tunity. The proposal was that the called upon and helped as they might Board should supervise the public require. Considering the suspicious- schools of a large section of the ness of the Chinese, and their unwil- province of Shansi, eight counties, lingness to put down their names, lest and take full charge of the Govern- they should be in any way compro- ment high school at Fenchow, a mised, this seemed rather a bold school serving a population of four venture. But it. was fully justified millions; the Government appro- by the result. At the closing meeting priating 4,000 taels for the purpose, it was intimated that 260 persons furnishing buildings for the village • had handed in their names and ad- schools and allowing full freedom to dresses.

teach the Bible and Christianity. A The Canton Christian College cablegram was sent to the mission to S secure more details. The cabled re- OMEONE recently said that an American college which has not ply confirmed the proposal, and it was followed by a letter from Rev. been working for a million-dollar en-

dowment is behind the times. The Even tho during the trial the accused supporters of the Canton Christian men, one after another, declared that College aim even higher, for at a the "confession" he was said to have meeting held in New York during made voluntarily was wrung from the winter they announced that it him either by actual torture or by would take five million dollars to threats, and offered to show the carry out their plans. As many marks of ill-treatment on their friends of the college are Columbia bodies, no attempt was made to in- University men, they hope to make vestigate these charges.

it the "Columbia of the Far East," Since the discharge of all but six so that eventually its students may of the hundred and twenty odd "con- receive as good an education as they spirators," further investigations have would at any American university. been made by foreigners into the Canton Christian College, of which allegations of torture, and a definite Dr. Charles K. Edmunds is presi- statement has been published to the dent, has a teaching staff of 19 men effect that, as the result of close and IS women who are Americans; questioning and an examination of 20 Chinese teachers, and IS student the bodies of certain discharged assistant teachers. There are 400 prisoners, these foreign investigators Chinese students. The college is un- are absolutely convinced that the denominational, extremely liberal in men in question were subjected to its theology, and is incorporated un- torture during the time they were in der the laws of the State of New the hands of the Japanese authorities.

York. The medical department has This very plain statement, backed by been supported by the University of foreigners who would hesitate to at- Pennsylvania. The student fees tach their names to such a grave ac- amount to about $24,000 a year, and cusation without having satisfied the expenses to about $75,000. The themselves that their inquiries had supporters of the college make up been full and careful, was in a sense the deficit with personal subscrip- a challenl!e which, in the best inter- tions. The college has property ests of the Japanese authorities in worth $310,000. Students at the 'Korea, it would have been well college pay only $60 a year for board promptly to accept. Instead, it was and tuition, and it costs the institu- quietly ignored. – Japan Weekly tion $100 a year to educate each Chronicle.

student. The college is endeavoring The Sects of Buddhism to render to South China some such service as Robert College has given THERE are 13 denominations and to the Near East. Many of its 57 sects of Buddhism in Japan.

graduates are now found in positions There are 71,769 temples, 53,oSl of influence. priests, and 73,047 engaged in teach- JAPAN AND KOREA ing and preaching. There are also The Charges Against Japan other kinds of priests and nuns to the' number of 54,00!. Besides these FOR more than two years serious there are IO,OOO students for the allegations have been made priesthood.

against the Japanese authorities in A Specimen Japanese Worker H Korea regarding the torture of the KOZA'KI, a zealous native Koreans concerned in the famous conspiracy trials. Persistent rumors • worker of· Shimonoseki, in addi- of outrages were circulated long be- tion to regular church services, is fore the 122 conspirators were doing street preaching twice a week.

brought to trial, but the authorities At each meeting there is a crowd of contented themselves with a curt from 50 to 100 people, who stand denial that torture was possible. and listen attentively from beginning

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

to end. These people are difficult several editions of magazines conto get into our churches, where they taining "dangerous" material along could hear with comfort, but they feministic lines. will stand in the street and listen. Why this is so constitutes an im- T Korea Then and Now portant subject for thought in con- HE contrast between the early sidering the question of Japanese days of medical work in Korea evangelism. One reason, maybe, is and the present is shown in an acthat to come into most of our chapels count sent by Dr. Hall of a meeting the people must take off their shoes of a medical association in the mili- (geta, or wooden clog). In the sec- tary hospital at Pyengyang, to which ond place, attendance upon the all the physicians of the province of church services renders one liable Pyengyang were invited. They were to be looked down upon and ridiculed entertained at luncheon by the Japaby his acquaintances. Both of these nese r,overnor of the province. difficulties are overcome in street About 75 medical practitioners acpreaching. cepted the invitation, among. whom were a score of Koreans and three Newspaper Evangelism medical missionaries. The medical adviser to the governor-general, from REV. ALBERTUS PIETERS, of Seoul, was also present. It was the Dutch Reformed Church in noticeable that all addresses began, Japan, is trying the plan of news– "Ladies and Gentlemen," altho the paper evangelism to bring the Gospel only ladies present were Dr. Hall before the plain country people who and Dr. Cutler, of the hospital at read every word in the newspaper. Pyengyang. Another point upon He pays for a column on the first which Dr. Hall comments was the page of two papers in Oita, and fact that, altho many of the Japaevery other day he publishes an nese and Korean physicians were article on some phase of Christian smoking when the ladies entered the teaching. These articles go into in- room, the smoking immediately accessible mountain homes, into ceased and was not resumed during Buddhist strongholds, and into the their stay. She says, "In Europe, homes of the indifferent alike, and and even in America, men physicians people can read them without the are not always so courteous." knowledge of the neighbors or the relatives until they become suffi- ASIA-THE MOSLEM WORLD ciently interested to disregard both and investigate for themselves. As A Moslem Report on Mi…ions a result of this work, Mr. Pieters is receiving many letters of inquiry, W E seldom have such an opporand several Japanese have become tunity to understand the atti- Christians, some of them joining the tude of an enemy of Christianity as :'I1ethodist Church. is given in the following extracts from a letter published in E1 Minar, Japanese Women Rising a Moslem paper of Egypt: T HE feminist movement in Japan "To my lord, the wise and noted, is proceeding almost as rapidly the author of 'The Brilliant Beacon,' as in China. Several women have may the LQrd strengthen in you the taken to the lecture platform and glorious law. Peace be upon you and vigorous campaigns are carried on the mercy of God and His blessings. through the press. The leader of I have not, nor do I, forget the perthe women was educated in America. severing number of your honored The Government has officially warned communications, and what they coneducators of women against the tain of the published statements of propaganda, and has confiscated the Protestant Christians, in their attack on the world of Islam, and

their subterfuges to secure the de- versities, where a special course of fection of weak lIuslims, and their lectures on hygiene, domestic econmenace to the life of religions, even omy, and the rights of women will of Islam, with its power and won- be delivered for their benefit. In derful origin, and what has been enlightened Ottoman circles the Govpublished by Dr. Zwemer concerning ernment's new measure is regarded the Muslims of Bahrein, regarding as an appropriate means for rethe results of his work among them. generating the world of Islam and placing it on a level with the civiliza- "I read these statements and mv tion of the West. finger-tips trembled, and the cartilages of my shoulder-blades shook, Moslem Hearts Touched and the fir eof sorrow was kindled in my intestines, and burned, till I MRS. PITTMAN writes from loathed life and departed from peo- Tabriz, Persia: "Never have the ple and country, and went, as one opportunities for work among Moshalf-crazed wanders in the desert. lems been greater than now, and you till I reached the assembly of Bahrein. can understand how we are apt to that I might search concerning the chafe in our inability to get out into truth of the affair, and ascertain the the towns and villages. Dr. Pittman is facts of what has been published by trying to do a little by going out to the the preachers of Bahrein concerning near villages for a few days, but we that village of sincere Islam, and per- ought to be occupying Khoi, Artebil ceive the matter with my own eyes. and Sonjan, to say nothing of Mara- gha, Hisadnah and all that region. "Certainly the danger f1'om the Unless we can have established work Christians is not to be underesti- in these important centers before Rusmated, but there are things that sia takes over Azerbijan permanently, make the matter less serious, in that we can have little hope of getting in the most of what has been published a fterwarc1. Dr. Pittman and I are concerning the success of their ac- ready to go to anyone of these places tivity in this place, is exaggeration, at any time if we could be free to do or falsehood.· They purpose by this so, but with only one man for all the news to incite their ruling assemblies. work outside of schools and medical and to inspire them to the donation work, it is impossible to reach the of extensive material gifts. masses in these districts. We are praying that the Board will see our "But the talked-of preachers of need and send us help soon." rlahrein do not amount, in their numbers, to 20 souls, counting men an(l A Moslem Son's Testimony women, and the most of them do not know Arabic well, and do not FROM Teheran, Persia, comes the know anything- of the sciences of story of one of the teachers in religion, and this is part of that the school who has been a Christian which shows that they deceive their for more than four years, but to an governing assemblies, which send extent in secret, as he greatly feared them a constant support, lest there his father, a strict Moslem. vVhen should appear their im1)otf'nce and he became secretary of the Y. M. C. their failure to accomplish their mis- A., took charge of a department in sion, and the fact that the gifts of the day school where he conducted the assemblv go like wind through a morning prayers, and also of one of fish-net."-Neglected Arabia. the boarding departments, where he had charge oJ evening prayers part of From Harem to College the time and asked the blessing at the table, he advertised the fact to all. T HE Daily Telegraph's Constanti- Some days later when he went to his nople correspondent says that father's house the father! after rethe Ottoman Government has decided to admit ~vom(;'n to the uni-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS 3II

viling him with the usual Persian ex- in Africa, and this testimony con- pletives, told him that he was no cerns the unoccupied fields of longer his son and to "go and be Africa."

lost." The son took it all in silence, An Ideal Evangelizing Agency turned and left the house and came I back to school; but the very next N .May last Lord Kitchener paid a visit to the Old Cairo medical day the father sent for him and con- sulted him on a matter of business missilOn and was very much imprest in the most friendly way, completely with the ankylostomiasis (Egyptian ignoring the incident of the previous anemia) section of the hospital. His day. Two younger sons were con- visit has led to considerable inquiry tinued in the school, and when a as to methods, and the Egyptian Gov- month later the father returned to ernment, we understand, is taking his home city, 200 miles away, these steps to establish hospitals in differ~ two sons were sent to the boarding ent parts of the country flOr the treat- department to be in the charge of ment of the disease. Last year, up their Christian brother. We ven to the end of October, 5,770 anemia much suspect that he had guessed patients had been treated in the Old the truth long ago, and that his anger Cairo hospital-4,622 males and 1,148 was merely assumed that he might females. As each patient stays for have wherewith to answer his criti- a period of three weeks, the mis- cizing friends. Both the younger sionaries regard the opportunity fQr sons have exprest their desire to be- evangelizing as ideal. Dr. R. Y.

come Christians. Stone writes: "Vhen it is under- NORTH AFRICA stood that street preaching in Cairo is forbidden. and that We have gen- The Moslem as a Missionary . erally about 700 people for. daily DR. SAMUEL ZWE1IER, now teaching over an average duration of visitin,Q' America, and who has time of three weeks, it can be seen given his life to work among Mo- that the opportunities are enormous." hammedans, calls attention to the –C. M. S. Gleaner.

great need and the critical situation WEST AFRICA in the contest with Mohammedanism. He says: "None of the un- T A New Mission on the Kongo cccupied fields of Asia. not even HE Southern Methodist Church Arabia, can compare in strategic planned to open in January a urgency to-day with the unoccupied new mission at Wembo Niama, in regions in Africa. where the forces the Belgian Kongo, manned by three are assembling now for the great missionaries, one of whom is a conflict between the Cross and the physician. and their wives. Money Crescent. The situation is critical, has also been given for a hospital, and the testimony, as regards the SQ the new mission will begin its urgency of this part of the mission- work well equipped.

ary problem. is unanimous in its Far up the Sankuru River there character, and comes from every j, waiting a ~reat chief in expecta- part of the mission field. From tion of the coming of the party. Two Syria, Japan, the Philippine Islands, years ago he bade the bishop and China, India. Burma, Ceylon, the the professor send to his tribe men New Hebrides, Sumatra. Arabia, and women who would teach his Baluchistan, and even Pem, tes- people the true way. Every moon timony has come that in the estima- since then he has been cutting a tion of leading missionaries in these notch on his door-post to mark the countries. the most urgent mission- time when they would be back or ary world-problem is to meet and send a messenger. Before the overcome the Mohammedan advance eighteenth notch was cut messengers

arrived from Lusambo, the South- the open street, partly insensible. ern Presbyterian Mission, who re- When she was struck down the peoport that Wembo Niama is anxiously ple found she was not dead, so began awaiting the new missionaries. to stone her, to "help Shango finish his work!" Some Christians living Lusambo is two weeks' journey near had with difficulty driven the away, but it is the nearest mission people off. station, and a spirit of most cordial cooperation exists between the two CENTRAL AFRICA societies in their work. Marvels of African Speech Bibles or Gin? ACCORDING to Dan Crawford: MR. J. NEWTON, secretary of "They possess a wonderful the Native Races and the Liquor tongue, with more tenses for verbs, Traffic United Committee, has re- more voices and genders than are ceived a letter from Rev. F. C. possest by the English language." He Cleaver, of Accra, Gold Coast, which says: "We (Africans) have 19 genspeaks of having recently attended, ders, the most delicate of distinctions, as chaplain, two executions for mur- and 19 categories in the classification ders committed under the influence of nouns, and 33 tenses for the verb. of drink. Mr. Cleaver adds: "One Your poor, cold, bald language does day in July, I went to the Customs not have the futures as we have Varehouses in Seccondee to find one them. Everything that has a vascase of Bibles that had arrived for me, and to 'clear' it through the cus- cular system has one category, i.e., toms. One of the officials in charge jokingly said he hoped I should soon long things, like palms, grass, cane, find my 'case, but as there were etc., are in one system; all short, 16,000 cases of gin and some hun- blunt or round in another, hard things dreds of cases of whisky being dealt in another, soft, flabby things in anwith just then, 'he thought I might other, etc. You need an adjective for have some difficulty!' But in a very each of them, but not so the man who few days all those had been cleared thinks black. He has 60 sounds. It away and dispatched up the railway. is difficult to represent them with 24 It is coming out in shiploads." letters. A changed prefix makes the difference. The thousand of verbs The Cruelty of Heatheni.m all end in "all," a most musical end- ing. In a language thus inflected, it T HE Christians are only a small is impossible to speak ungrammatical- party in the towns in Nigeria, Iy, the initial letter of the principal and in most of them the pagan word gives all-as if you were to priests have the people very much at say not God is Love, but 'God gis their mercy. For instance, during a gave.' " thunderstorm at Oshogbo early in September some people were struck Advance on the Upper Kongo by lightning. The Rev. J. McKay, NINETEEN years ago, Rev. Jos- eph Clark, of Ikoko, visited knowing that if they were not dead Motaka and was received by a already they would be killed by the crowd of cannibals. He was pulled priests of Shango (the god of and pushed to the hut of a big chief Thunder), went at once with the by a very excited and war-painted African pastor to see what could be crowd, all armed with ugly big done. The first woman they found knives and spears. For a time the was quite dead and also the second. outcome seemed uncertain, but the The Shango priests had already landing of Mrs. Clark and her small claimed the bodies and all the pos- baby interested the savages to such sessions of the dead. They hurried an extent that they forg-ot their vioon to find a third woman lying in lent plans. Thirty months afterward,

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

two Kongo State officers and a num- crossing a section of Africa in ber of black soldiers lost their lives Mashonaland he met several of these in this same vilIage. In July, 1913, Boer soldier-missionaries and found Mr. Clark again visited Motaka to that they were giving a good account baptize five new converts. After the of themselves. It is not surprizing service 50 gathered at the Lord's ~ow to learn of a general awakening Table. The church at Ikoko and its III the Dutch Reformed Church in dependent stations has now 35 South Africa in the matter of misteacher-evangelists at work not in- sionary service. cluding school teachers;t Ikoko, Ntondo and Frank, and the self- T Unity in Madagascar supporting evangelist at Ituta. HE spirit of Christianity has manifested itself in Madagascar, SOUTH AFRICA where, in face of much discourage- ment, Protestant missionaries have Mi..ionary Awakening in South Africa had friendly conference, and contem- plate closer federation. The design A GENUINE missionary revival is cooperation, not absorption; and it has come to the Dutch Reformed is hoped that, as a result, the Evan- Church in South Africa. For years gelical cause will be materially. this church of the Boers has been strengthened. The outworking of conduating missionary work for the the scheme will ensure that, whether natives in different regions south of belonging to churches connected with the Zambesi River through the faith- the Paris Missionary Society, the fulness of a small group of broad- London Missionary Society, or the minded and loyal Christians. It has Friends' Foreign Missionary Associabeen an uphill fight, as the Dutch set- tion, members will enjoy a common tlers in South Africa, for the most standing, anyone of the bodies part, have manifested little sympathy named welcoming with readiness the toward missionary work. The hos- members of the others. This ar- . tility of the Boers toward the rangement-which may widen and "Kaffirs" before and during the Boer deepen with the years-arises, not War is well known. Behold, how- from any contempt of denominational ever, the wonder-working Providence principles, but rather from a sense of God! As a result of this very war of the importance of unity in face thousands of the Boers captured by of the actualities of heathenism in the British were transported to India the island. The French Government, and Ceylon, where prison camps unfortunately, encourages heathen were formed. The missionaries, both rites among the people, apparently in English and American, in those the interest of "comparative religion" ; countries, at once took a great inter- and this official attitude, combined est in these prisoners, ministering to with the Romish propaganda, does them in their pi sical necessities and much to perpetuate ignorance and giving them alsO' the Bread of Life. superstition among the population.- Revivals broke out in several of the The Christian. camps and hundreds of the prisoners were converted. Several hundred THE OCEAN WORLD Boers at once volunteered for missionary work among the natives at An Australian Men's League home. When the war was over these young men returned to Africa and A PRESBYTERIAN Men's League immediately began to build up the was inaugurated in New South missionary interest in the churches. vVales a few months ago. It is not The churches responded, and now intended to add one more organizamany of these hardy Boer fighters tion to an already over-organized have become soldiers of the cross. Church, but rather to supply a source Secretary Patton relates how in of inspiration and a bond of unity.

The aim of the league is threefold: before the United States Congress. to cultivate the habit of daily prayer, Whether through fear that Congress to be loyal to Christ and the Church, would. pass the desired law, or and to bind men together to help for- through a sudden "conviction of sin," ward the work of the Church. A or through a desire to convince the bronze badge has been designed to be new Governor-General of their abilworn by every member-the Burning ity for self-government, we do not Bush in the center of a Saint An- know, but we are glad to record the drew's cross, the ends of which are fact that the Philippine Assembly has united by a ring. The membership now placed itself on record as opnow stands at about 520, and the posed to both slavery and peonage. league is taking root in Queensland, The text of the new law has not yet Victoria, Tasmania, and New Zea- reached this country, but we preland. sume that it does not radically differ from that which the Commission has Dutch Mission in Celebes so long urged upon the Assembly.- The Outlook. A CCORDING to a Batavia re- ligious paper, De Banier, a move- NORTH AMERICA ment toward Christianity is taking place in Balantak, which lies at the The Religious Aspects of the Panama eastern extremity of Central Celebes, among people who have not yet come Exposition under the influence of Mohammedanism. The Dutch clergyman at T HE Federal Council of Churches Macassar, the Rev.. R. W. F. Kij ften- of Christ in America has apbelt, to whose zeal it is mainly due pointed a Committee of One Hunthat this movement is being followed dred to present the work of the up, writes as follows, on the 19th of churches at the Panama Exposition. September: "I returned yesterday The plan of the work is threefoldfrom a trip to Loewoek (the chief religious activities, exhibits, and contown of Balantak), Kolono Dale, and ventions. The first division will in- clude a carefully organized cam- Kandari. At Loewoek I met Mr. paign of evangelism of a well- Kelling, who had just returned from balanced, effective character, with Lamala. The people there are so generous and sympathetic distribueager to become Christians that tion of the Scriptures. Such organiwithin 14 days 1,800 persons have zations as the Woman's Christian ioined our congregations." (Here Temperance Union, the Young follows a list of 15 places, served by Men's and Young Women's Chrisfive native pa1!tors, with a total Chris- tian Associations, the World's Contian community of 2,356.) gress of Young People's Societies, as well as the Woman's Board of the Slavery in the Philippines exposition, are planning large things for practical service. For example. SINCE the Supreme Court of the the Young Women's Christian Asso- Philippine Islands decided in ciation will expend $50,000 in carry- 1907 that there was no applicable ing on travelers' aid work. Through law either of the United States or the religious exhibits, a vast Chrisof the archipelago punishing slavery tian laboratory will be maintained in as a crime, the Philippine Commis- a building which it is hoped will be sion has endeavored to persuade the erected on the grounds, and known Philippine Assembly to place such a as Assembly Hall. Great gatherings law upon the statute-books of the of religious bodies, national and inislands. Early last summer the Com- ternational, are to be held, and in mission adopted a resolution and for- addition to these it is planned to warded it through the Governor- present two great allegories. The General to the Secretary of War, first, devoted to home missions. will urging that this matter be brelught

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

be a vivid portrayal of the early pIe in their Sunday-schools in mishistory, development and present- sionary interests, have neither courses clay fruition of the missionary move- nor lectures on missions in their semment in America. The second will inaries, have no students in colleges show the effective missionary move- or theological schools preparing to ment among men throughout the go to foreign fields. Their clubs and world. other organizations of men never consider the question of foreign mis- A Great Gift to Moslem Children sions; their ministers never preach on foreign missions; their churches T HE Committee on Moslem Lands never take up missionary collections; representing the World's Sun- not even once a year. There is no day-school Association ended at Unitarian missionary periodicals, lit- Poughkeepsie, N. Y., February r rth, tle, if any, foreign missionary literaan I I days' campaign to raise a fund ture. to prosecute work among- Moslem "Christian Endeavor" c. children. The speakers were Bishop MORE than 100,000 societies un- J. Hartzell, chairman of the com- der various names, with more than 5,()00,000 members, are now at mittee, and Dr. S. M. Zwemer, sec- work under the methods and prinretary; Dr. G. T. Erickson, of Al- ciples of Christian Endeavor. They bania; the Rev. Stephen Trowbridge are found in every country in the and the Rev. C. K. Tracy, of Turkey, world, and in more than 80 evanand Marion Lawrence, of Chicago, gelical denominations. Reports from and Frank L. Brown, of New York, the world-wide field show more than general secretaries of the Interna- 1,500 societies in India, 800 in China, tional and World's Sunday-school ISO in Japan, and hundreds more in Associations. The subscriptions other mission lands. Missionaries amounted to $48,771, induding find the society the most effective or- $6,000 already provided for, through ganization yet devised for training Sir Robert Laidlaw, of London, rep- the native converts for definite Ouisresenting the eastern section of the tian service. One hundred and fifty association. Rev. Stephen Trow- thousand dollars has been secured for bridge and his wife plan to leave in the International Headquarters Buildthe autumn to take up Sunday-school ing, to be erected on the corner of work for Moslem children in the Mt. Vernon and Hancock Streets, Levant. Boston, and plans are being made to secure $150,000 additional, of Unitarianism and Missions which $10,000 has just been con- tributed by a friend of the move- T HE Christian Register, organ of ment. American Unitarianism, publishes two articles by the Rev. Mr. An Invalid's Work for Missions Sunderland, a Unitarian minister, contrasting the intense foreign mis- MISS LIZZIE JOHNSON, of sionary activity of American Chris- Casey, Illinois, an invalid and an tians with the almost entire absence intense sufferer for 25 years, has of such activities in his own con- raised over $16,000 by the making nection. American Unitarians have and selling of book-marks. This one representative in Japan, and dis- money has supported in foreign burse something over $4,000 in this lands native Christian workers who enterprise. That is all. They have have given an aggregate of a century no Foreign Missionary Society, no and a quarter of service. Bishop Women's Foreign Missionary So- Frank W. Warne, of the Methodist ciety, none for young people. They Episcopal Church in India, recently are, according to Mr. Sunderland, doing nothing to train the young peo-

sent word that he has decided to ap- have been found, and are free, acply the Lizzie Johnson memorial gift cording to their own judgment, to of $3,800, forwarded to him by her devote the income to the best adsurviving sister, to the erection of a vantage for the good of their fellowchurch in Cawnpore, Northwest men." India, where the congregation has outgrown the building in which it The Chicago Hebrew Mission worships. This church is entirely self-supporting and all the members T HE Chicago Hebrew Mission has have been enlisted in the every- passed an important epoch in member canvass for the new church her history, having celebrated a fund to supplement the Johnson gift. quarter of a century of patient, loyal Several members are pledging more and whole-hearted toil for the Masthan a month's salary; and the girls ter among the people of Israel. To in the Cawnpore school have raised read of the 25 years of blessing and nearly $35 by their own handiwork. its continued progress of what God has wrought for this mission, lifts The Church Peace Fund up one's heart in praise and adora- tion to God. ANDREW CARNEGIE has adnen to his gifts for the propaganda In 1888 the income of this misof peace an endowment of $2,000,000 sion was $726.06. In 1912 the inas a foundation for a new organiza- come was $14,8r6.56. The total retion. The gift is for the education ceipts during the 25 years was $173,- of the nations through the churches, 751. 16. To us it is not mere figures "md the organization is The Chmch of money that came in. Every cent Peace Union. of 'which Llisl10p Greer that comes to a Jewish mission comes is president, and in which 25 denomi- from people who are loyal to the nations of Christians and Jews are Word of' God, loyal to the divine represented. In announcing the gift. forecasts of the prophets, loyal to Mr. Carnegie said: "Certain that the Master; and what a matter of the strongest appeal that can be gratitude it is to know of the many made is to members of the religious who are keeping watch on the walls bodies, to you I hereby appeal, hop- of Zion, to know the noble army of ing you will feel it to be not only men who have stood by this mission your duty, but your pleasure, to un- from the beginning. Some have dertake the administration of $2,000,- passed and are now in the presence 000 of 5 per cent. bonds, the in- of the King, others are still here and come to be so used as, in your judg- are holding the fort. It is enough ment, will most successhllly appeal to inspire anyone with the hopefulto the people in the cause of peace ness of the future of Israel. through arbitration of international disputes; that as man in civilized There is a special effort being lands is compelled by law to submit made in the way of celebrating this personal disputes to courts of law, so anniversary by a forward movement, nations shall appeal to the Court at and it craves the prayers of God's The Hague or to such tribunals as people. The superintendent is Mrs. may be mutually agreed upon, and T. C. Rounds. bow to the verdict rendered, thus insuring the reign of national peace Boston Chinese Christian Workers through the international law. . . . After war is abolished by the lead- T HE Chinese Young Men's Chrisil1lS nations, the trustees, by a vote tian Union, which ims been a of two-thirds, may decide that a bet- vital organization in Boston for a ter use for the funds than those number of years, has recently had to named in the preceding paragraph find larger headquarters for its work, moving from Tremont Street to 163 Harrison Avenue. From 40 to So

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

Chinese laundrymen and merchants LATIN AMERICA comprise this band of Christian work- HA Missionary Program for Mexico ers, whose efforts on behalf of their 0'YEVER dis~u.rbed and uncer- own countrymen are along the lines ~alll the polItIcal outlook ill of social and moral uplift, as carried on b.y the Y. M. C. A. generally. MexIco may be, one thing is certain, This organization is independent of the Y. M. C. A., however, and the namely, that the forces of Christ in costs of carrying on the work have been met by the Chinese themselves. that land are drawing- together in a The Union is a union in truth, for closer bond. the leaders have sought to keep it non-sectarian, in spite of the wish At the meeting of the Secretaries of a minority to make it a Congregational body, and its membership of .Foreign Mission Boards of the is made up of members of I2 different Chinese Sunday-schools in Bos- Umted States and Canada in New ton. Besides holding regular Sunday services, the Union headquarters York, Secretary Robert E. Speer, of serve as a clubroom and social center the Presbyterian Board, U. S. A., for the members, as well as for non- Christian Chinese. . It is hoped that asked all the secretaries and mission- the work wiII be more far-reaching aries who were interested in Mexico now, as the headquarters is nearer Chinatown than heretofore. Among to meet him in private conference the inhabitants of Chinatown the worship of idols has almost di;ap- Repr.esentatives of the Methodist; peared, whereas it used to be a common sight, and this is due in no small BaptIst, and Presbyterian churches measure to the influence of this ag- ~esponded to the invitation. Dr. gressive Christian organization, which ~peer suggested to them frankly that seeks the spiritual welfare of its fellowmen. the present is a good time to set ~bout the. unifying of mission work III that dlstrest country. It is re- ported that no voice of protest was heard. Dr. Speer's idea is that all the theological seminaries in Mexico should be consolidated, that local schools should be cpormesbsiensed~haonuldd the several missionary be put together in one large establish- ment. It was further suggested that the country be districted, as is al- ready done in Korea. A committee w~s appointed to work out the de- New Secretaries in Canada taIls for further consideration _ T HE Methodist Church in Canada has appointed as General Secre- Christian Observer. .

tary of the Foreign Department Rev. EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN Dr. James Endicott, who went out to China as a missionary 20 years A New Missionary Training Institute agD, returning in 1910. His years REV. J. STUART HOLDEN, the of service in China give him first- honored associate editor of THE hand knowledge of the requirements ~hSSIONARY .REVIEW, has been led of the foreign mission field, and hav- Illto a new lme of work in the es- ing been a foreign missionary his tablishment of a training institute appointment should create the closest "for young men and women who de- bond between the missionaries and sire to prepare themselves for Chris- the administration 111 the home tian work at home and abroad."

Church.• During the eight years in which he At the same time Rev. J. H. has been vicar of St. Paul's, Port- Arnup, who has seen service both in man Square, London, 27 or 28 young'

Saskatchewan and in three years' men and women have gone out from work as secretary of the Canadian St. Paul's to foreign missionarv Laymen's Movement, has been ap- work, most of whom have ther'e pointed Assistant Foreign Secretary. been brought into their Christian ex-

perience. These workers have in to obey two monarchs as a soldierthe past been sent to various train- first, the King Jesus, because in the ing institutions. Russian army there are hundreds of Points of resemblance between Mr. Jews to whom I can preach the Gos- Holden and the late Dr. A. J. Gor- pel; and secondly, the Czar, my don have often been noted, and it is earthly king."

of interest to recall that Dr. Gordon also came to the conclusion that it Once a Merchant, Now An Evangelist ought to be part of the work of a P ASTOR Simon Stephanoff of living church to train its own mis- Moscow, a merchant of large means, who has abandoned business sionaries. Already Mr. Holden is life to devote himself to evangelism, the president of a band of consecrated young people, who go by the name has adopted the following as one of the K~ng's Messengers. What method of reaching people usually spare time they have they gladly de- inaccessible. He has given into a vote to real mission work in the phonograph an address presenting in East End and to caravan campaign- simple terms the essentials of salvaing in the summer months. tion, and has put the resulting discs Mr. Holden's work at St. Paul's on sale. These are readily sold and has been maintained mainly by are used in hotels, private houses and prayer, the answers to which have cafes. been nothing short of wonderful; and it is in the spirit of prayer and OBITUARY confidence in the Divine promises Dr. George D. Marsh, of Turkey that he is shouldering this further undertaking. I N the death of Rev. George D. Marsh, D.D., the American Board The British Drink Bill has lost one of its most faithful rep- resentatives in the Near East. O N the authority of Sir T. P. Whittaker it is stated that the During his 41 years of service in annual drink bill of Great Britain European Turkey Dr. Marsh spent amounts to $805,000,000; and it is only two years on furlough in the estimated that of this vast sum at United States, the last being in least one-half was spent by people 1896-97, when he was honored with who formed three-quarters of the the degree of Doctor of Divinity by population, with working-class in- Yale University, his Alma Mater. comes. In other words, by that class of the community least able to afford Throughout his missionary career an expenditure which could only be he was indefatigable, sharing the made at the expense of health, at the work of the laborers as well as expense of efficiency, at the expense planning churches, securing funds of home and social well-being. for their erection, and overseeing their construction.

THE CONTINENT In the varied sufferings of the Obeying Two King. Bulgarian people this year he shared sympathetically, never showing an- A WRITER in the Jewish Mission- noyance even in his illness at the ary Intelligencer tells of a young constant ringing of the bell by the Russian Jew at Rotterdam, whom thronging poor. In need of a Rev. D. H. Dolman had just bap- nurse's care, he yet preferred that tized. He was asked why he wished his daughter, a trained nurse, should to go back to Russia to do his mili- work for the soldiers at the State tary duties, for the greater number hospital. "If I were a young man, of the younger generation of Jews I should be down there," he said to in Russia leave the country to avoid a volunteer of the Red Cross at the military service. He said: "I want front. AND MISSION LANDS THE NEW ERA IN ASIA. By Sherwood he is now planning to do for the Eddy. Illustrated. Map. 12mo, world, in four volumes, of which 215 pp. Cloth, SO cents; paper, 35 this is the first. Here he considers cents, net. Missi'onary Education the "New World Life" as shown in Movement, New York, 1914. tendencies to international industry, peace, and idealism. He. considers The Secretary for Asia of the In- also the New W orId problems of international Y. M. C. A. has written dustry, wealth, race-destruction, sothis text-book that tells the stirring cial conditions, and lawlessness. story of the general awakening of Asia. From wide reading and exten- While this volume has not the insive travel, Mr. Eddy has gathered terest-compelling power and convincfacts that compel attention. A new ing argument of "Our Country," it is era has dawned, for which Christ and a distinct contribution to the study of Christian missions are, directly or in- world-problems by a man with vision directly, responsible. Separate chap- but not visionary. ters are devoted to Japan, Korea, China, India, and the Near East. The JUNGLE DAYS. By Arley Munson, M.D. book is worth reading, and forms the Illustrated. 8vo. 298 pp. $2.50, net. D. basis for a fascinating and spiritually Appleton & Co., New York and Lonstimulating study. don, 1913.

HEPBURN OF JAPAN. By William Elliot A vivid, stirring story of life in Griffis, D.D. 8vo. 238 pp. $1.50, nct. India by a young woman physician The Westminster Press, Philadelphia, from America, who went out inde- 1913. pendently, worked for a few years in the Wesleyan Mission hospital at This life-story of one of the first, Medak, and at intervals traveled and the oldest, and most honored of mis- visited various interesting centers. sionaries to Japan, has already been Dr. Munson writes with vivacity, and noticed. Dr. Hepburn made a tells of her experiences with a charm marked impression on Japan, and the not unlike that of Amy Wilson-Caraccount of his energetic and success- michael. She was a Christian misful labors will not fail to make a sionary, and sought to relieve the marked impression on the reader. moral and spiritual poverty of the vVe have here not only the story of people, as well as their physical ills. the man and his mission, but. much The book is delightful reading. light is thrown on the development of Japan and on the problems, difficul- LOVE STORIES OF GREAT MISSIONARIES. By ties, and achievements of Christian Belle M. Brain. Illustrated. 12mo. missions. 75 pp. 50 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1913. OUR WORLD. The New World-Life. By Josiah Strong, D.D. 12mo. 291 pp. This unique volume of love stories $1.00, net. Doubleday, Page & Co., New is dedicated "to the Girl who is York, 1913. tempted to say 'No' to her lover be- cause he is a Student Volunteer." Ever since the appearance of "Our The stories include those of Adoni- Country," twenty-six years ago, Dr. ram Judson and Ann Hasseltine, Strong's name has been synonymous Robert Moffat and Mary Smith, Dawith a striking and forceful presen- vid Livingstone and Mary Moffat, tation of facts. He not only knows James Gilmour and Emily Prankard, how to state the facts so as to make Franc;ois Coillard and Christina Macan impression, but how to interpret kintosh, and Henry Martyn, to whom them and how to point out the signs Lydia Grenfell said "No." They are of the times. stories with a purpose, but touch life at a vital point, and are well written What Dr. Strong did for America to reveal real love and joy and hero- PENNELL OF THE AFGHAN FRONTIER. The ism. It is an excellent volume for young people's libraries, or for a gift Life of Theodore Leighton Pennell, book. M.D., B.Sc., F.R.G.S. By Alice M. MILITANT METHODISM. A National Con- vention. Bvo. 379 pp. $1.10, net. The Pennell. With an Introduction by Methodist Book Concern. Cincinnati and New York, 1913. Field-Marshall Earl Roberts. Illus- The first National Convention of trated, 8vo, 464 pp. lOs. 6d., net. Methodist Men (held in October, 1913) was a missionary convention, Seeley, Service & Co., Ltd., London, and was one of the most stirring gatherings of men ever held. More 1914. than 3,000 men were in actual attendance; there was an unusual program HINDUISM ANCIENT AND MODERN. By the of able speakers from Methodist and other denominations; the results have Rev. J. A. Sharrock, M.A., S.P.G. 2d., already been widely felt. It is the net. Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1913. story of this Convention, with the addresses by Robert E. Speer, Bishop AN HEROIC BISHOP. The Life Story of W. F. McDowell, S. Earle Taylor, French of Lahore. B>, Dr. Eugene Stock. Charles A. Rowland, J. Campbell 2s., net. Hodder & Stoughton, London, White, W. 1. Haven, and others, that 1913. is told in this volume. Dr. Speer's address on "The Central Task of the THE NEGRO'S PROGRESS IN FIFTY YEARS. Church of Christ," and the series on "The Can or America and of the Compiled by Monroe N. Work. pp. 250. Vorld" merit especial notice. 30 cents, postpaid. Tuskegee Institute, FOLLOWING THE SUNRISE. By Helen Bar- Ala. rett Montgomery. 12mo, 250 pp. Cloth, 50 cents, net; paper, 35 cents. RELIGIONS AND RELIGION. By Dr. James Griffith & Rowland Press, Philadel- phia, 1913. Hope Moulton. 3s. 6d., net. Methodist This is a brief but excellent ac- Publishing House, London, 1914. count of one hundred years of Baptist foreign missions from the be- MISSIONARY JOYS IN JAPAN: Leaves from ginning, under Adoniram Judson, until the present time. It is in the My Diary. By Paget Wilkes, B.A. form of a mission-study text-book, but because of its informing nature, 7s. 6d., tlet. Morgan & Scott, Ltd., and its interesting, entertaining liter- London, 1914. ary style, it can be largely used as such in the Sunday-school, in young LION-HEARTED. The Story of Bishop people's societies, and in mission- Hannington's Life Told for Boys and study classes. 'Girls. By Cannon E. C. Dawson, M.A. 25., net. New edition. Seeley, Service & Co., Ltd., London, 1914.

MISSIONARY HEROES IN NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA. By John C. Lambert, M.A.• D.D. Seeley, Service & Co., Ltd., Lon- don, 1914.

A STUDY OF THE THLINGETS OF ALASKA. By Livingston F. Jones. Illustrated, 8vo, 261 pp. $1.50, net. Fleming H.

Revell Co., New York, 1914. CHILDREN OF LABRADOR. By Mary Lane· Dwight. Illustrated, 12mo, % pp.

Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1914.

THE CAUSE OF THE SOCIAL EVIL AND 'THE REJll:EDY. By Albert W. Elliott. 12mo, 141 pp. Webb & Vary Co., Atlanta, Ga., 1914.

NOT LAWFUL TO UTTER AND OTHER BIBLE READINGS. By Dan Crawford, F.R.G.S. Bvo, 176 pp. $1.00, net. George H.

Doran Co., New York, 1914.

BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS (1910). Depart- ment of Commerce. Bureau of the Census. Large 8vo, 411 pp. Govern- mD.enct., Printing Office, Washington, 1913.

NEW.BOOKS PAMPHLETS LANKA: THE RESPLENDENT LIFE. The TEACHER TRAINING ESSENTIALS. First Story of the Baptist Mission in Cey- Standard Course. By H. E. Tra!le, lon. By John A. Ewing, B.M.S. M.A., Th.D. 142 pp. 25 cents. Ameri- 2s_ 6d., net. Baptist Missionary So- can Baptist Publication Society, Phila- ciety, London, 1914. delphia, 1914.

THIRTY YEARS IN KAsHlIIm. By Arthur EXTRA-TERRITORIALITY IN CHINA. A Lec- Neve, F.R.C.S.E. Illustrated. 12s. 6d., ture Delivered at Kuling, 4th August, net. Edward Arnold, 41 Maddox St., 1910. By Arnold Foster, B.A. 31 pp. W., London, 1914. Price, 9d. Luzac & Co., 46 Great Russell St., London.

The Missionary Review of the World — February 1914

to the

FEBRUARY, 1914 SOME QUESTIONS A:tSWERED IN THIS NU:IBER PREPARED BY MRS. F . .:vI. GILBERT, DROOKLY~J N. Y.

I. In which province of China is the Government made up almost entirely of Christian men?

2. What tremendous change is manifest in the opportunity for Christian work in Russia?

3. In a heathen funeral what witness was borne to the resurrection of Christ?

4. How many non-Christian Chinese confessed Christ openly at the Student Convention in Kansas City?

5. What was the Korean woman's question? 6. What American denomination is taking up foreign I11ISSlOnary work for the first time? 7. Where in the United States is there a community of 6,000 children who have never had a chance to go to school? 8. What was the result of offering a bandit a Bible? 9. Whose words made the skins of all believers shudder? Vhat were the words? 10. From what one mission study class can be traced over one hun- dred other classes in various parts of the country? 11. "Vhen did a queen recently invite missionary leaders to her palace? 12. How is caste proving a help in missionary work in India? 13. Where has America the unique opportunity of the ages? Why? 14. What was Theodore Roosevelt's message to the students of Russia?

IS. How did a children's society win a Chinese banner?

16. Where and how did one man prepare six hundred people 111 his village for baptism?

17. Why did a king give his magicians fish to eat? 18. What did the young Hindu say when on the operating table? 19. What was Dr. Mott's experience in the Moslem university in Stamboul? 20. For what did a Moslem sheikh praise God as he burned a Bible?

llb"''''diW,j'iltll'll''''t'''ilim;;.i~w.'lIll'lf.ltijWm,Jj1

R. MOTT, LL.D

Chairman of the Student Volunteer Conventioll, Chairman of the Continuation Committee of the Edinburgh llissionary Confere"11ce

Missionary

~ of the World ~ Vol. XXXVII, No.2 FEBRUARY, 1914 Vol. XXVII, No. z Oid Series New SOT;'S Signs of the· Times THE STUDENT VOLUNTEER CON. sion study classes, but there is still need to emphasize the importance of W VENTION more earnest and regular prayer and HEN the educated young men Bible study. There is also great need and young women are awaken- for prayer that the influences of this ed to spiritual things and are ready Student Volunteer Convention may to devote their lives to the service of not vanish in weak resolutions but Christ, there is great reason for en- may have increasing fruitage in couragement and thanksgiving. The thousands of lives, in colleges, in recent Student Volunteer Conven- churches and cities, all over America tion at Kansas City, which is fully and throughout the world. reported on another page, was in nothing more remarkable and hope- PROGRESS OF THE CONTINUATION ful than in this-that the first em- COMMITTEE phasis was place~ not on social service or mission study, or intellectual THE Edinburgh Missionary Conpreparation, or heroic missionary ser- ference created what is known vice, but on Getting Right With God first; and, second, on knowing and as the Continuation Committee, as an doing of His will, whatever the cost. evidence that the Conference was· a When our young people are in right starting point for new advance. This relationship to God they will be in international committee, which now spiritual health and will have no diffi- consists of thirty-six men and two culty in hearing God's call or in re- women, met at The Hague in Desponding to the call of human need; cember to outline a program and to when the Christians in our churches hear the report on the conferences are right with God they will have recently held at its request with misno difficulty in spiritual vision and sionaries in India, China, Korea and little hesitation in surrendering their Japan. Among the definite results of bank accounts to the control of Christ those conferences are these: The for His work in the world. leaders have faced the wholeness of the task; the beginning of a science There is great cause for thanks- of missions has been laid; the effigiving in the increase of student ciency of missionary methods has volunteers and in the growth of mis- been increased; and the prominence The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW. but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken bj con· tributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS. given to native leaders has helped the Chung Lau station, in an important native churches to enter into their market town with a hundred villages own. Among the matters which call within range. So great a change has for further cooperative consideration taken place that now there is a new and action are the following: church building costing, with site, A comprehensive scientific study of $7,500, of which the Chinese them- each area; an understanding as to selves provided $6,000. This church what is meant by occupation of an has 300 members, is wholly self-sup- area; provision for totally or virtually llorting and maintains a school which unoccupied fields; better preparation will become a power in the next few of missionaries after they reach the years. The San Ning Presbytery, to field; the safeguarding and guiding which it belongs, has twelve churches of native churches in the light of in its bounds and supports two native Christian history and experience; workers.

higher education of certain converts; ]ig POOH Chew, managing editor of preparation of suitable missionary the San Francisco and Western Daily literature. Reporter, and a Christian, predicts These ends are being sought by the that Christianity will be the new re- National Councils which have been public's future religion. "During the formed in the various countries. A last three decades," he declares, "the further report of The Hague meet- influence of Christianity has increased ing will be found on another page. many fold and been felt throughout the whole Chinese republic. At the CHRISTIAN GROWTH IN CHINA same time, while Christianity was ONE of the signs of Christian gaining ground, the old Chinese faith, progress in China, according the religion of our fathers, was los- ing ground. The political upheaval to Dr. W. T. Hobart, of Peking, is the which resulted in the establishment of development of evangelistic work and the republic is due in great part to Christian education within the past the influence of Christianity, directly twelve mon1hs. The schools are fuil or indirectly exerted upon the Chinese to overflowing and the combined people. The influence of Christianity auditoriu111 of the Peking Asbury is great among many officers of the Church and Sunday-school is filled Chinese government. They are not each week with a thousand wor- only Christians, but also the second shipers. This is nearly twice the and third generations of early Chinese number that came a year ago. Many converts. They are the most efof the audience are students in Peking fective, progressive and energetic University and in the Girls' Boarding- workers for the uplift of China. The School. government of the province of Canton is almost in the hands of Christian In South China, too, Dr. A. A. l11en." Fulton, of the Presbyterian mission, tells of a mission out-station where, I twenty years ago, only four or five A $10,000 OPPORTUNITY IN CHINA converts used to meet together in a N these days, when not only the dark, narrow shop. They reprc- business world, but the church, -sented the entire visible assets of the is thinking and working in such large

SIGNS OF THE

figures, it seems pitiable that the lack of the conference held last spring in of $10,000 should make it impossible Tokyo, by Dr. John R. Mott. The to take advantage of such an oppor- Christian churches of Japan are tt1l1ity as that offered to the Amen- aroused to a keener sense of the need can Board by the provincial govern-· of a vigorous campaign to present the ment of Shansi, China. This' is where Gospel to the non-Christian commuso many missionaries were massa- nities in Japan. The undertaking cred by the Boxers in 1900. The calls for continuous activity for a government has requested the mission period of three years, under the dito take entire charge of the public rection of the "Continuation Comschool system in a large section of mittee," the union organization created the province and offers nut only to at the Tokyo conference. This comfurnish the school houses but equip mittee has elected officers for the the same, and to make an annual campaign and has already entered grant of four thousand taels, if the upon plans for a special movement Board will supervise the work. Full for a wider dissemination of truth religious liberty is promised and the through the nation on the first Sun- Bible and the Christian religion may day in March, 1914. Christians are be taught. The American Board will asked to join in prayer for the sucbe obliged to decline this significant cess of this effort. offer unless special provision should be made for at least two new mis- EDUCATIONAL TENDENCIES IN sionary families and the additional expense for salaries, outfit, traveling, JAPAN and the construction of two new houses-an outlay possibly of $ro,- I T is easy to see the great impor- 000 the first year. tance of educational ideals and WHITE HARVEST FIELDS IN JAPAN methods to the religious as well. as to the moral and intellectual progress THE breaking down of Shintoism of any people. Some schools turn out atheists, some skeptics, some ma- and Buddhism in Japan, the terialists, and some produce Chrisrapid spread of agnosticisl'n and athe- tian thinkers and workers. ism in the Government schools, and the loss of moral ideals generally have Hitherto the basis of the Japanese awakened the Japanese rulers to the educational system has been the Imneed of a better ethical and spiritual perial Rescript presented by the basis for their national Ine. The Emperor to his people in 1890. A common people, on the other hand, Buddhist priest in Tokyo, in a recent are ready to listen to the Gospel more article (quoted in the Missionary than has been the case in recent years. Link) says: "The ideal of education Ordained missionaries are needed at should be to make the Imperial Reonce in order that the opportunity script of central importance which may not be lost. decrees that ancestor worship, loyalty and patriotism shall be fundamental One way in which the missionaries in education. But Christianity lookplan to take ·advantage of this op- ed upon ancestor worship as a relic portunity has been devised as a result of barbarism, and loyalty and pa- triotism as a kind of "backward"

morality. Christianity was a world prest classes in North India, notably religion and a religion of humanity. the Mehtars or sweeper caste. Some Buddhism taught ancestor worship, missionaries have even voiced an exloyalty and patriotism. Educators pectation of two and a half mil1ion~ were certain to find, therefore, Chris- of converts from them this year, and tian teaching distasteful, it being in- recent baptisms have numbered 150,- compatible with their educational 000. Even tho these numbers cover ideal." the work of several years by various The priest urges a closer and more societies they indicate that Christian- sympathetic relation between Bud- ity in India is entering upon a period dhists and educators. He deplores of more rapid expansion.

the fact that Buddhists have not been Attached to every village of con- more progressive, and that their re- siderable size are a number of fami- ligion is treated ofttimes with con- lies belonging to the sweeper caste, tempt because the priests cling to old whose hereditary duty it is to attend ways and make no contribution to to the cleansing of the streets and the progress of society. . bazaars. Every morning the members The present educational system IS of this class may be seen coming into severely criticized by Dr. Ukita, a the village to engage in the occupa- Tokyo editor, for its rigid uniform- tion of removing the filth and refuse ity, its abnormal system of examina- from the houses, and of sweeping the tions, and its inadequate accommoda- streets and lanes. They are there- tions. fore considered ceremonially unclean When leaders of thought come to and are low caste. They are learn- publicly acknowledge that the influ- ing the power of Christ to cleanse.

ence of Buddhism is waning, that THE the Imperial Rescript is not a satis- FURTHER SIGNS OF LIFE IN INDIA factory basis of education; when, American Baptist Telugu moreover, they come to feel that bet- Mission has had a wonderful ter educational advantages are need- history. There has been no year ed, based upon strong religious ideals, since the opening of the first station and when they are calling upon the at Cocanada, in r874, when there State for its sympathetic interest in have not been a goodly number of the private schools, those who have converts. Last year, however, has consecrated time, money and strength been the greatest of all, for the bapto Christian education have much tisms have reached the total of 1,I49 cause for hope and thankfulness. in 64 native churches. The total They have also cause for increased membership on the field on July I prayer and effort to give the Japanese last was 9,237, while the Christian Christian ideals and Christian educa- community now numbers over 20,000. tion. These Christians would bear favor- able comparison with those in Amer- AWAKENING IN NORTH INDIA ica. The 64 native churches are so many beacon lights in the midst of A REMARKABLE movement to- ward Christianity has recently many thousands who as yet know taken place among some of the de- not Christ as their Savior.

OF THE

CHANGED ATTITUDE OF MOSLEMS He was always accompanied in battle IN INDIA by two of his wives, who carried his A WOMAN missionary, who has weapons. It is estimated that at the spent a lifetime in the Punjab, height of his power he had as many says (in the Bombay Guardian) that as one thousand women in his estab- fifty years ago it was no uncommon lishment. In religion he was what thing for a Mohammedan on hearing might be called a free-thinker, for the name of Christ to show his dis- he only ridiculed the spirits whom the gust by spitting. If he did not go so majority of the people feared. The far as that he would often try to magicians were the object of his drown the sound of Christ's name, and special scorn. He would invite them to cleanse his ears from the pollution to his table, but put before them only of hearing it, by a loud rcpetitioll of fish, which they consider unclean the creed of Islam. It was not un- food. If they refused to eat, he common for a Bible to be snatched would order their lips and ears to be from a missionary's hand and thrown cut off, and then would. boast that the on the ground and trampled under evil spirits did not dare to revenge themselves upon him. When some foot. Twenty-five years later, the general of his people became Christians, as a attitude was one of fear of the name result of the preaching of the misof Christ and of the Bible. Many lads sionaries who first came to Busoga came to mission schools for economy's in 1891, he had nothing for them but sake, but came with strict injunctions ridicule and scorn. Both missionaries from their parents not to touch the and native preachers tried to reach Bible, and it was difficult to induce his heart with the Gospel story but some of them to do so. Mohammedans no impression seemed to be made might come to listen to preaching, but until in 1906 he saw some stereopti- con pictures of the life of Christ. when the preacher ceased and began True to the childlike nature of the to read prayers out of a book they African, the appeal through the eyes went out. To have a Bible in the succeeded where the appeal through house was dangerous, it might go off! the ears had failed. In due time, he asked for instmction preparatory to Now all has changed. One meets baptism, and after a long time of Mullahs and others who have their testing, which he accepted with true Bibles and read them. One finds men humility, he was baptized, in the preSof all classes wanting to possess them. ence of over a thousand of his sub- Christ's name is used with reverence jects, many of whom have since foland listened to in the same way.

A HEATHEN KING CONVERTED lowed his example.

MODERN science and invention is CHARACTER BUILDING IN PERSIA also harnessed to the chariot T HE Ameri~an missionary schools of God. King Tabingwa, of Busoga, a neighbor to Uganda, was a genuine are exertmg a profound infludespot, according to the African ideal, ence for good on the youth and. also and a mighty warrior, who, however, fought for booty more than for fame. on the homes and institutions of Persia. The school at Teheran, en- rolled in its various departments last

year over 480 students, many of was begun on one of the smaller and whom are :Moslems. most southern islands of the group, Lakemba, in 1835. It was estimated It is eight years since the institu- that the population of the group at tion of the college course was recom- that time numbered about 200,000. mended by the mission and approved The whole Fijian race was then sunk by the Presbyterian Board. During in the deepest and most degraded this time, tho the country has passed heathenism. Cannibalism was a through many vicissitudes, yet the common practise, and all the horrors demand for education has steadily in- attendant upon a low animism precreased. The attendance has more vailed throughout the group. Against than doubled, and lack of accommo- this rampant cruelty and immorality dations compels the teachers to turn the Christian missionaries wielded away pupils. This desire for educa- but one weapon: the sword of the tion has remained in spIte of all ad- Spirit, which is the W orc! of God; verse circumstances. The change and it proved effectual. seen in the character of the boys is the most encouraging feature of the Out of a native population of about work. During the year nine pupils 90,000, in the Fiji Islands, over 83,- and two of the teachers were re- 000 are returned this year as claimceived into church membership. Of ing attachment to the Methodist the eleven Persian, Moslem-born, Church, of whom more than 33,000 teachers in the school eight are bap- are in full membership. The mistized Christians. All of these, with sionary contributions of the native one exception, have become Chris- church last year amounted to over tians since they entered the school, £10,700, and in addition to this and this one was brought in by one amount, large gifts were contributed of the other teachers. The younger for the payment of native teachers boys who profess to be Christians, and the maintenance of· native or who desire to become so, belong churches. At Davuilevu, on the to a Brotherhood, and the older boys, Rewa River, an educational center with the teachers and a few not has been established with a successconnected with the school, have been ful theological institution, a flourishorganized into a Y. M. C. A. Of ing district teachers' training college, the teachers and pupils who are ac- and an excellent boys' high school. tive members of the Y. 11. C. A. or The missionaries in connection with the Brotherhood, 35 are converts the native work number IS, together from Islam and I I are converts from with 9 missionary sisters. There are Judaism. TOI native mll1lsters, 125 native catechists, and SI9 native teachers. THE CHURCH IN FIJI In connection with the mission, there are 998 day schools and 981 Sunday- T HE Fiji Islands number about schools. It is most probable that within the next year or two the Fijian 250, of which some 80 are popu- mission will be declared an indelated. The two principal islands are pendent district, and pass from un- Viti Levu (Great Fiji), 85 mileslong der the control of the mission board. by 40 miles broad, and Vanua Levu, 95 miles by 25 or 30. Missionary work

Unprecedented

Situation ;, THE REMARKABLE STORY OF MISSIONARY PROGRESS AS REVEALED IN JOURNEYS AROUND THE WORLD BY JOHN R. MOTT, LL.D., NEW YORK Chairman of the Continuation Committee of the World lIissionary Conference ECENT visits to many to live and nothing save the expafl- sion of Christianity in its purest form IIRI of the principal battle- can make the world a safe home for fields of the Christian man. It is not a matter of extel nal Church have imprest arrangements. Vile must enter into me with the strong con- anel change the motive life, the am- viction that the forces bitions, the spirit of men, and only of pure Christianity are facing an Christianity has shown itself able to absolutely unprecedented world situ- do this wonder work. ation in the non-Christian world. The situation is unprecedented 'llso It is unprecedented in point of op- in point of urgency. This is true portunity, for there has been nothing because so many nations are now in like it in the annals of the Christian a plastic condition, and must soon religion. There have been times when become set like plaster. Shall they the opportunity in some one part of set in Christian molds or in antithe world was as wonderful as now; Christian molds? Christianity alone but there never has been a time when, can answer that question. in Far East, in Near East, in Southern Asia, in all parts of Africa, in .More urgent than ever is the situthe East Indian island world, ill many ation because of the rising tides of parts of Latin America, as well as nationalism and of racial patriotism Latin Europe, and Greek Europe, sweeping over the continent of the doors were simultaneously as wide non-Christian worlel. Everywhere I open as they are before the forces have gorie I have become conscious of the Christian religion to-clay. of the thrill of a new life-nations coming to their own, peoples being It is unprecedented also in point reborn. These national and racial of danger. This is due to the aspirations, if taken advantage of by shrinkage of the world, through the Christianity, will bring unexampleu greatly improved means of communi- victories; if not, these nations and cation which has caused tbe nations races will become opponents and will and races to act and react upon each greatly retarcl Christianity's peaceful other with startling directness and min~stry to the world. power and virulence. The world has become a dangerous place in which The situation is more urgent than "" Report of an address at the Student Volunteer Convention at Kansas City, 1Iissouri, Friday even· ing, January 2, 1914.

ever because of the rapid spread of RUllian Contrasts the corrupt influences of so-called On my first visit to Russia, about Western civilization. The blush of fourteen years ago, I found it im- shame has come to my cheeks as I possible to gain access to the eduhave seen how these influences from cated classes of that great empire. North America and the British Isles At that time if I had been found in and Germany, not to mention other a street-car with five Russian stucountries, are eating like gangrene dents, we would all have been subinto the less highly organized peoples jected to arrest. @ur meetings then of the world. were necessarily held in secret be- tween midnight and four in the Again, the situation is more urgent morning. Had I to do it over again, than ever because of the spread of I would not hold even these meetthe cancerous and leprous growths ings-not because of the risks I ran of the non-Christian civilizations that so much as because of the risks enare eating with great deadliness into tailed upon the others. That year I the very vitals of Christendom. If I gave only one public address in were not a Christian, I would be- Russia, and at that meeting the spies lieve profoundly in Christian foreign were present on all sides and I knew missions, because at this time, when it. It took me some time to decide the world has at last found itself in upon a subject that would be safe for its unity, no one in any part of the the occasion, but at last, I deterworld can longer be indifferent as to mined upon "Secret Prayer." Had what is taking place in other parts I spoken upon anything that even of the world. suggested union with others, joining hands in friendly relations, combina- The situation is also more urgent tions, association, propaganda, it than ever because of the process of would have ended all efforts then and syncretism, spreading not only in the there. non-Christian nations, but even in our Western nations, as the result of Now note the contrast: On my rethis impact.

Triumphs of Christianity cent visit to Russia, the largest halls But, thank God, we are facing the obtainable in the great university most urgent situation the Church has cities were not able to hold the mul- ever faced because of the recent un- titudes of the agnostic students.

paralleled triumphs of Christianity. Practically all of the students are Wherever I have gone, I have found without religion, but they are the a rising spiritual tide. The Christ- most religious swdents that I have ward movement among the peoples of met. They have a thirst to find God the world is increasing not only in and to learn His truth and to ex- volume but, in many parts of the perience its power. Every word of world, also in momentum. Let me my addresses had to be spoken give you a glimpse of some of the through interpreters-as a matter of remarkable things I have seen with fact, two had to take turns each my own eyes that reveal these Christ- night. The women students were ward world tendencies and move- always present with the men, and ments. the police would not allow them to

UNPRECEDENTED WORLD

stand in the aisles, but there is a of being obliged to leave those seven large area in the front of the stage hundred student inquirers without at the Russian theaters where they any religious organization and with- were allowed to stand night after out teachers. I had to leave these night. I shall never forget the sea would-be investigators as sheep among of Russian faces reaching from wild and ravenous beasts. Such a where I stood up into the galleries, necessity cuts off life more than any almost everyone of them bearing its other experience.

mark of tragedy. I say tragedy ad- In stilI more recent years, Mr.

visedly, for more Russian students Sherwood Eddy, Miss Rouse and commit suicide each year than in all Baron Nicolai have had similar ex- other nations put together. I believe periences in Russia. As a result we that it is true that the vast majority now have not only Bible circles in of the students of Russia have at all of tIiese Russian universities, but least contemplated suicide. we have Christian student unions as On my recent visit to Russia these well. Last May at Princeton we re- students not only came in great mul- ceived into the World's Student titudes and iistened with an intensity Christian Federation the Christian that fairly draws out one's soul, but Student Movement of Russia. This they thronged me on every occasion, is made up largely of those who are even on the street-cars. Even when still loyal to the Russian Orthodox there was no interpreter present they church. Five years ago I would would follow me about the streets have said that it was unbelievable and would come to my hotel at hOllrs that I should live to see the day when when it had been announced that I there would be a Christian Student could not receive people. They Movement in Russia, holding its seemed to think that from me as the summer conferences, publishing its messenger of the Christian students pamphlets, with four Russian secre- of America and other countries they taries and four American secretaries would find something to quench their giving up their whole time to the thirst to know the truth that sets leadership of these forces. All this men free. is with the knowledge and often with Baron Nicolai and I left little the approval of the highest authori- bands of investigators of pure Chris- ties of the government, for the tianity in all of the places we visited. statutes have been granted in several In one university center I said to the cases.

audience of students, "All who would President Roosevelt sent me a let- like to follow this Christ as I have ter to read to the students of Russia, been setting Him forth come to such and in it he made this striking state- a hall to-morrow afternoon at two ment: "No land, more than Russia.

o'clock." The test was difficult, but holds the fate of the coming years."

over seven hundred students re- I did not understand it then, but I un- sponded. I tried faithfully to put derstand it now, and I agree with him with simplicity the facts concerning absolutely. There are one hundred Christ as the sufficient Savior, ami and fifty millions of these people then I had that crushing experience who have shown a capacity for vica-

rious suffering, for endurance of addition Coptic Christians, Eastern hardship, that has not had its parallel Greeks, Roman Catholics, and Rusin any other nation. That nation is sian Orthodox Christians. We did located in the belt of power, and not apologize for our religious posiblends in itself the strongest strains tions. Constructively we set forth of the East and the West; it is the the meaning of Christianity and its home of the three strongest religions world program. Not only that, but -Christianity, Judaism, and Moham- each night in five or six different medanism. If we press our present centers in Stamboul and Pera, the advantage on wise lines among the largest sections of Constantinople, and tens of millions who are non-Cbris- in the largest halls we could secure, tians in Russia and among the agnos- in one place in German, in two places tics in the educated and ruling classes, in French, in one place in English, that great nation may join us in the in one place in Armenian, apologetic conquest of Asia and Africa. lectures were given by professors from America, Great Britain, and Turkey-Eighteen Years Ago and Now Germany. Here evangelistic appeals were also made by witnesses from In r895, when I first visited Con- all parts of the world. These halls stantinople, I asked about getting ac- were thronged not only with Arcess to the Mohammedan students. menians and Greeks and Christians The missionaries said, "It is absurd and Jews, but with Moslems in infor you to raise that question, for it creasing numbers. would be dangerous-in fact, illegal -to attempt to hold assemblies of When I was about to leave Conthe so-called students in Turkey." stantinople to go into the. Balkan vVhen I went on shipboard to leave States, a deputation waited upon me Constantinople we heard the crackle and said, "You are making a mistake of rifles shooting down the Armenians not to visit Stamboul University, the in the streets, and I was told 011 good largest Mohammedan university, with authority that during the weeks I its eight thousand students." I rewas there hundreds, if not thousands, plied that if they could arrange a of men had stones placed on their meeting before my train left I would necks and were sunk in the Bos- go. They secured the largest hall phorus. Why? Because they had available and when I went down the courage to think out loud. there I had a struggle to make my way to the platform with my inter- A little over two years ago I went preter. Every seat was taken, as to Constantinople again. Think of were all the spaces around the wall. the changes! I went to attend a con- Many men in the audience wore green ference of the World's Student Chris- turbans, which my interpreter told tian Federation in the political capi- me were a sign that the wearers were tal of the Mohammedan world. Rep- Mohammedan theological students. resentatives of Christian students I expected difficulty, but with divine came together from twenty-five na- strength I set forth Christ as the tions. For five days we met in con- only divine Savior, and I never had ference men from over fifty branches a more respectful hearing. of Protestant Christianity, and in

UNPRECEDENTED WORLD SITUATION

In some respects Mohammedans medan students in Cairo, but it was put us to shame. They do not apolo- impossible. But a little over two gize for their religion, and the last years ago when I returned and raised thing they want us to do is to apolo- the same question, the government gize for ours. Even a little girl at officials said, "You may hold meetabout six years old, in Cairo, who ings for them, but we would not adwas asked if she were a Moham- vise it. It will but fan the flames of medan, replied as quick as a flash, fanaticism." Some of the more COll-" "Yes; thank God, I am a Moham- servative missionaries were amazed medan !" They never apologize, ami at our plan proposed, to secure the that night in Constantinople these largest theater in Egypt for our Moslems not only gave me respectful meetings. There was a play each hearing but they even gave sympa- night, so that we could not secure 'thetic attention. An hour passed, and the use of the theater for the eveas I held up Christ as the only Savior nings when students were free, and the attention was most wrapt. were obliged to content ourselves Finally, at nearly midnight, when I with the very unfavorable hour at the was obliged to leave, it took me close of the afternoon. The first nearly forty-five minutes to reach the afternoon I went down with some door as men stopt me to ask most misgivings, but every bit of space in searching questions with the eager the house was taken. After the first desire that characterizes a drowning day the police and some of the man when he grasps the plank thrown British soldiers were called upon to to him for his rescue. They have keep order among the hundreds outurged us to send other lecturers and side who could not gain admittance. speakers, and we have been doing Afternoon after afternoon I sought so year by year. to set forth positively the truth as it is found in pure Christianity, with- Now, it is true that there has been out equivocation, but without making a reaction, but the fact remains that any attack upon Mohammedanism or in nearly all parts of Turkey you even speaking against agnosticism. are to-day free to travel, to hold con- Attention was fixt upon the living ventions and great assemblies, to cir- Christ. On the last afternoon, when culate papers and pamphlets by the the time came to give up the theater thousands, and to do searching evan- because of the play, I had not fingelistic work. It is no doubt a good ished, and I saw there was very inthing that we have some difficulties tense attention. The audience was in Turkey. We need some opposi- largely composed of Mohammedan tion that will test and sift men's students, and unbelievers from the motives. Church history proves that government colleges. I put to them a Christianity advances best in the face proposition like this: "Those of you of difficulties and it is going to ad- who would like to believe in the deity vance in Turkey. That field is open; of Jesus Christ, if you could do so it is accessible, and it is responsive. with intellectual honesty, meet me at the hall of the American mission" Changes in North Africa (about half a mile away). To my On my first visit to North Africa, I tried to find access to the Moham-

amazement, when I arrived there, I "I am an only son. My father is found this hall filled with about six a prominent Government official and hundred students who had come in a man of wealth. He tells me that response to this invitation. We ex- if I become a Christian he will disinperienced one of those times when herit me. The only time I menone stands face to face with the tioned it to my mother she beat her living Christ, an experience which in head against the stone doorstep until itself is an evidence of the living the blood came, for she felt it would Christ. Christ not only was; He is, be such a disgrace if her son should as much as anyone living. I k110'W become a Christian." this. I may have doubts on some questions, but I have had too many I had to be honest to tell the man experiences of the power that worketh that there might be times when, for in Him, that raised Him from the the sake of the truth, it becomes necesdead, to have any mental reserva- sary for a man to leave father, and tions on this point. mother, and brothers; and to leave houses and lands; but I also pointed Wonderful Transformations in India out the attendant promise of what blessing will come into the man's On my first visit to India,.in 1895 life who makes that sacrifice. That and 1896, I spent about fom months proud Mohammedan student bowed chiefly among the educated classes, his knee for the first time to Christ; and it was a great joy on leaving to but he was right in his fears. He be convinced that a few scattered was cast off, and was obliged to flee Hindu and Mohammedan students to another part of India for safety. had been led to become investigators Later he was permitted to return to of Christianity. Few if any of them Lahore, and the change in his life had confessed Christ when I left, al- had been so great that it influenced tho I am glad to say that some were some of his fellow medical students subsequently baptized. It sent a to become inquirers into Christianity. thrill of deep joy through me recently when, in one of the Continua- These were merely beginnings. tion Committee Conferences, one of Last year Mr. Eddy and I found a the leading debaters arose and said wide-open door as we went to the that in one of those meetings he had five university centers of Madras, come into a reasonable and vital faith Bombay, Allahabad, Lahore, and Calin Christ. Now he is a propagator cutta. In every place, the largest of Christianity. hall we could obtain was filled with students. Here were audiences of Another Mohammedan student crowded ranks of Hindus, Mohamcame the last day I was in the Pun- medans, Buddhists, Parsees, Jains, jab, and said: "My reason is con- and followers of other non-Christian vinced that I ought to become a religions. Little bands of Christians Christian, and something in my heart were scattered among them. Every tells me I will not have peace or meeting was a conflict so great that purity or power until I become a each night after the siege we went Christian." I asked him why he did away completely exhausted. In not become a Christian, and he re- Madras it seemed at one time as tho plied:

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everything was going to go against before, Carey baptized his first low us in the great pavilion. Until a caste convert. These two students few months ago we did not know were the first fruits of the meetings why it did not go against us. Every- conducted by Mr. Eddy and myself.

thing had been so tempestuous, and All over India to-day there are not it seemed as tho all would be lost. scores, not hundreds, but thousands If the name of Christ was used it of the' educated classes who are in- was hissed. Then all at once there tellectually convinced, and whose came a hush over the assembly, then hearts are deeply moved, but who a deepened attention, and then a won- need that additional impulse which derful responsiveness. A few months will come when the Church of the ago, at Lake Mohonk, we learned from West recovers her comparatively Mr. Isaacs what had taken place. buried talent of communion with the We had seen several leave the pavil- power of God.

ion, but supposed that it was be- I was pained, in India, to hear the cause of their antagonism. Last sum- president of a Christian college rise mer we learned that they were Chris- to say that he did not expect con- tians, who went out to give them- versions in this generation from selves to prayer. As they fell on among their students, and I could their faces in supplication we saw hardly trust my ears when he added the tempest stilled by Christ, as He that the governing board at· home stilled the tempest of the waves in agreed with him that they were not olden days. to expect conversions in this genera- To-day in India we can not only tion. As soon as I could get on my gain an extended hearing for the feet, I said: "That is not the spirit Gospel with the educated classes, but that will win conversions in the next there is a response, and, in my judg- generation." It reminded me of the ment, there will be an increasing re- young preacher who came to Spurgeon sponse to the Gospel message. It to ask why he did not have converts means more to be able to point even in his ministry. Spurgeon said: "You to a few baptisms of Hindus or Mos- do not expect converts after every lems in India than it would if a sermon, do you?" The young preacher thousand agnostics in our great uni- replied, "Oh, no, of course I do not versities in America should come oui expect them after every sermon."

into a reasonable faith in Christ. "Yes," replied Spurgeon, "I thought Just one year ago we were at so; that is just the reason why you Serampore, holding a conference with do not get them after any sermon."

students from seventy colleges from The time has come in the Indian all parts of the empire. One eve- Empire to intensify our siege work.

ning at about dusk, Bishop Azariah, I thank God for those who have lhat who had recently been consecrated type of heroism that is willing to the first Asiatic bishop of the live, and, if need be, to die in doing Anglican communion, led down into siege work. They are as much to be the water of the H ugli River two envied as the men who see the walls Hindu students for baptism at the fall. Those Japanese who did the very spot where, one hundred years mining and the countermining before

Port Arthur as truly helped to bring great confidence. Missionaries make in the wonderful victory as those who these things possible. swept over the crest of the hill. I admire the spirit of those who are Korea'. Awakening not seeking easy fields where they can count the converts in large statis- I did not visit Korea on my first tics; but who will go to difficult journey around the world, because fields where they will intensify siege there were then no students, but on work that the walls may crumble. my third journey to Asia I shall Crumble they will; yes, they are never forget the scenes, one winter crumbling. I would be glad to spend afternoon, in Independence Hall, outa life in front of these walls, even side of Seoul. This year I returned, if I could never look over them. and altho I was advised that it was not a desirable time for special evan- I never go into Ceylon without gelistic meetings, particularly for the wonder at that little island which student class and the more official sent out its hundreds and thousands class, on account of the conspiracy of Buddhist missionaries, storming trials, still we could not pass by that the whole of the vast Asiatic coast, field which the year before had had in a wonderful propaganda which has sixty thousand additions to the Chrisresulted in making more Buddhists tian Church. We could not promise than there are followers of any other to spend a week in Seoul, and altho religion. Ceylon and Burma are to it was a cold winter, and it was a this day the great citadels of Bud- critical time, a tent was erected holddhism in its most aggressive for111. ing three thousand. This was not only filled but the people stood out- When we were in C~lombo the larg- side as well. The last of these meetest hall was crowded with students ings continued for three hours, and night after night. Some twenty bap- after we had literally driven away tisms have already resulted from the everyone except those who bad signed inquirers enlisted during those meet- cards to indicate that they would acings. In Rangoon, Burma, I could cept Christ as their Savior or would hardly believe my eyes as I witnessed become investigators, I was still surthe marvelous response we met rounded by three hundred stalwart, among Buddhist students. It re- loving Koreans. We have taken too minded me of the thrill that must much for granted. We have assumed have come to Judson in the years of that because of the recent Christian his siege work when he won his first triumphs in Korea we might occupy convert. Everything I saw there and ourselves elsewhere, but that would elsewhere has been made possible by be an enormous blunder. For that the work of men like Judson and very reason we ought to show ourother unnamed missionaries. You selves all the more friendly. We can not have reaping unless there has ought to join hands with the Chrisbeen seed-sowing and weeding and tians of all nations, including the watering and nurturing, unless the Christians of Japan, to make that, the sun has been shining with light and first non-Christian people of the warmth from Christ-like lives. Then modem age, become genuinely and you may put in your sickle with

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completely Christian. I came away also had present the leading Japanese from Korea believing that if Chris- workers. In response to the ques- tianity were to die out in America tion : Are the educated classes in and in Canada and England, it exists Japan as accessible now as they ever with such vitality in Korea that it were, even in the late eighties? every would ultimately spread again to missionary and every Japanese agreed our shores and reestablish itself. that they were. All but two in the Open-mjndedness jn Japan two conferences agreed the illiterate masses were even more accessible Japan has always imprest me as than ever before. Without doubt the most brilliant nation of the world, there has come another of those won- one that has achieved greater progress derful days of God's visitation. He in one generation than any other is visiting Japan now.

country has achieved in two, if 110t Each night we had at our meet- in three, generations. The outstann- ings as many as two hundred Japa- ing characteristic of the Japanese nese students, chiefly Government which is largely responsible for her students, decide to become Christian wonderful progress is, I believe, her inquirers. If we are to judge re- open-mindedness. Some people have sults by difficulties overcome, possibly assumed that tHe wonderful achieve- the most wonderful experience of ments of the Japanese have. turned this last journey was our last night their heads. I have been in Japan spent in Japan. A fter a very full four times and find no evidence of day, beginning at about six-thirty in that. On the contrary, the Japanese the morning with many meetings and impress me as more solemnized now conferences with missionaries and than ever as a result of their great Japanese, we went down at night in and added responsibilities. They are front of the Imperial University, with feverishly in earnest to learn any- its five thousand graduate students.

thing they can from other nations. It has about five hundred professors, The Japanese 'are open-minded and nearly all of whom have received one are seeking to make anything they or more degrees from European or find contributory to the growmg American universities. It is the great power of their nationality. intellectual lighthouse for the whole This means much. Eight years Eastern world. We had secured the ago the wonderful cable message great auditorium of the Canadian came from Japan to the Student Presbyterian Church. As I went Volunteer Convention at Nashville: down there, somewhat exhausted, 1 "Japan is leading the Orient-·but said: "It i~ time, 0 Lord, for Thee whither?" With aptness that mes- to work." Every seat on the floor sage can still be quoted. It is a ami in the gallery was taken, and the wonderful moment in Japan. Our standing space at the back was com- recent conferences there, in connec- pletely filled. ~rith four addresses, tion with the Continuation Commit- each one through an interpreter, the tee, were attended by the leading meeting lasted nearly four hours. At missionaries of the various Protestant the close, three hundred and seventy denominations in this country. "Ie of these men, including two pro-

fessors 'and some of the doctors of Five years later, I spent one day philosophy, had signed cards indicat- with the presidents of seventeen mising three things: sionary colleges during which most of the time was given to discussing ( I) I will make a conscientious the question of reaching the literati. study of the four gospels; and that We concluded that it might be possi- I may do this to the best advantage ble to reach one here and there, at I will meet for one hour each week the end of the examinations, and with others who are making the that in time we might win a few, but same investigation. we could not hope for large num- hers and still less for organized work (2) I will pray daily to the holy among them. God for wisdom to find the truth. and for courage to follow it after I Again, five years later still, the have discovered it. walls of Jericho were beginning to crumble. In some places I could (3) When my reason and COll- look through, and here and there I science permit me to do so, I will could reach my hand through and take Christ as my Savior and Lord. feel somebody clasp it. The ancient literati were beginning to give way Those last moments with those to the modern literati, and in three three hundred and seventy bowed in places I was able to meet with them. prayer together constitute another of those evidences that Christ lives A year ago, -when I reached Canand that He is able to speak through ton, I found to my alarm that they languages or the lack of languages. had hired the largest theater in He is able to break through intellec- China, a building th{tt holds thirtytual pride; and through racial preju- five hundred people. On the night dices and misunderstandings. Christ of the first meeting, as we neared will take care of Himself. If He is the theater, I saw crowds in the but lifted up, He will draw all men, streets, and asked: "Why do they not whether they are educated men, or open the doors?" Some one came are illiterate men, whether they are to tell us that the doors had been if! the Far East or in the Near East. open for an hour and that every I was recently cheered by word from seat was taken. Tickets had been Japan that of those who became in- distributed to the Government stuquirers in different parts of Japan dents, Government officials, and to the many have already been baptized. educated classes. On the platform were about fifty of the leading edu- Overturning. in China cated Chinese of Canton, many of them young men who had studied in In 1896, when I first went to Tokio and in American universities. China, I became interested in the The first night the chair was taken literati, the scholars of that great by a Chief Justice, a man who was land of scholars. A missionary with not a Christian. The next night the whom I was speaking, said: "We will chairman was a man high in Govnever live to s'ee the day when the ernment position but not a Chrisliterati will be really accessible." tian. The following night the Com- When I returned I spoke of the Chinese literati as the Gibraltar of the student world, for they seemed to occupy an absolutely impregnable position.

UNPRECEDENTED WORLD SITUATION

mISSIOner of Education, a Christian, Chinese say. He has been a won- took the chair. Each night two or derful teacher and I am not altogether three addresses were given through sorry that there is something of a an interpreter. There were always reaction in favor of his teachings.

large crowds, tho not as large as the The Chinese were going too fast in first night, and by the time the series their tendency to throw aside all was over, over seven hundred had the teachings of Confucius. I said signed cards with the three promises. to the students: "Hold on to every- Those seven hundred led one hundred thing that your reason and your more of their fellow students to be- conscience teaches you to be true;"

come inl/uirers, the blind leading the but I always added: "Do not let that blind. Already one hundred and keep you from accepting truth which forty-five have been baptized or are Christ alone made known to men."

)>l'obationers for baptism. Scenes in Manchuria Those were full days in Canton. I had not planned to go to Man- We had Continuation Committee con- churia, but the Scotch and Irish and ferences by day and then for variety Danish missionaries exprest their we had these campaigns with the conviction that I was making a mis- students at night. A delegation of take not to visit Mukden. I told Chinese came to me and said: "Why them that if they would put more must we be baptized if we become days in the calendar I would plan to Christians? Will you not hold a make a short visit. I also sugmeeting to answer that question?" gested that they might persuade the Every hour was taken, but it oc- Japanese Government to put on a curred to me that they might bring special engine and car so that I need their delegation to a place near where not travel on Sunday. I would be I was to attend a dinner and that I able to give a week-end. Finally, might be excused from one of the however, by cutting my visit short courses in order to tell them why in Korea we arranged for the visit they should be baptized. They to Manchuria. The Governor heard brought a delegation of twenty-five that I was coming, and said: "Our and I tried to explain the matter in hall is not large enough." They telesuch a way that they would be graphed me about this. I have able to tell others. The truth took friends in America and Canada arid hold of them and I made bold to England who have said: "If at any ask: "How many of you are reaJ) to time money will widen your oppor- take this step?" In response about tunity, use money." I therefore told seventeen stood up. The Chinese are them to build a pavilion, but the logical. Convince them of the way Governor would not permit it and they ought to go and they go! N apJ- took the money from his own pocket leon said of China: "There sleeps a to build the large pavilion. He also giant. Let him sleep. When China called upon the Government colleges, is moved, she will move the world." students and professors, to march to From Canton I went north to the the meetings. Not only was the province of Confucius, that "sage place filled with five thousand, but of ten thousand generations," as the many had to be turned away.

There we had one of those ex- ihis message, for, while Confucius periences that fasten themselves upon teaches us the truth, you have been our consciousness. On the last day giving us a message which tells about six or seven hundred signed the the power to follow the truth." That threefold resolutions as inquirers. On is the Chinese mind again, laying the platform by my side during these hold of the essentials. lectures was the Commissioner of Education, not a Christian. When I Acceptance of the Opportunities had sent the crowd away and had only these six or seven hundred in- Are not these facts sufficient to quirers there, his excellency arose convince anyone that we are living and said: "I want to say something." in a wonderful age? Old things I sat down by my interpreter and have passed away; all things have said: "Tell me quickly what he says." become new. These nations are wide The Commissioner said: "Young open to us. They are accessible. men, I have heard all of these lec~ Their fields are ripe. They are tures to which you have listened, and ready for the sickle. The time has I have been particularly interested come' to reap, and, in the name 01 in these promises which you have God, ask yourself whether it may made. I call upon you now, every not be the will of God that you one, to keep these promises. If this sho.uld dedicate your life to the misgentleman ever comes back to Man- sionary cause. . . . I know North churia, let it not be said that anyone America, and my soul tingles with of you have gone back on these reso- the possibilities here; but I would lutions." be dishonest if I said that there are greater opportunities here than in the Mr. Sherwood Eddy could tell of Orient. There is a tremendous field even more remarkable experiences for mIssIonaries, evangelists, and in Peking, Nanking, Hongkong, and others with the evangelistic spirit, to Fuchau, where in the last days of become doctors, teachers, editors, auhis campaign five thousand were in thors, apologists, statesmen, apostles. daily attendance to hear these messages, and nearly two thousand came One other word. We also need to be inquirers. provision for such an enlargement of the Volunteer Movement as will In Peking, the president of the make it possible to put more recruit- Chinese University said: "Mr. Mott, ing officers into the field. We must I have heard about your methods and have them. One thousand four hun- I would like to know your message." dred and eighty volunteers have sailed Then for over forty minutes he ques- in the past four years. Two thoutioned me as to the vital points of sand should sail in the next four the Christian message. Then he years. Four hundred colleges have said: "Mr. Mott, you must change been visited in a year. Ve ought to your plans. I want you to stay in be visiting a thousand. If we are to China and visit not only the great do this we must have a budget of cities, but all of the smaller cities sixty thousand dollars a year for the wherever Y011 can find young men next four years. It is a privilege to and school boys to tell them about associate our sacrifices with Christ for the enlargement of His work.

Thousand Students In

for Missions THE POSSIBILITIES OF THE REMARKABLE STUDENT VOLUNTEER CONVENTION IN KANSAS CITY, DECEMBER 31, 1913, TO JANUARY 4, 1914 BY THE EDITOR T would be impossible call of God to devote themselves and their talents wholly to Him; if they mI ~ .for any on.e, w~th :is- have determined to obey the vision IOn and ImagmatlOn, and the call-who can measure the with faith in God and power generated and set free in faith in man, to view five thousand channels as a result . unmoved the vast of this convention. It is as tho five audience of six thousand students thousand torches had been lighted and missionary leaders who recently with the fire of God and then had gathered for five days at Kansas scattered over the continent to light City to consider the claims of for- in turn other torches and to spread eign missions upon their hearts and their light and heat in bringing the lives. Nearly five thousand of these truth and love of God to all mankind. delegates were students from over seven hundred colleges and pro- The Purpose and Plan fessional schools of United States and Canada-the picked young men Nothing less than a great cause and young women of America-in and a great purpose could call totraining for leadership at home and gether stich a number of young men abroad. Think what it means for and young women. Many of them them to devote a week of the Christ- came at real sacrifice of time and mas holidays to daily missionary of money and were prepared for a meetings-three sessions a day, with still more complete sacrifice of life. intense, spiritual, practical questions About one-third of them-I,600presented for their earnest considera- were already Student Volunteers, tion without self-interest and with- but fully three thousand had not yet out compromise. decided to be foreign missionaries. Twice a day-morning and evening- It is impossible to conceive of the they gathered in the great convenimmense influence that such a con- tion hall to listen to some of the vention may exert on the history of foremost missionary leaders in the the world. If these four thousand world present the needs of the nonstudents have been cleansed and set Christian peoples for the saving Goson fire with a live coal from off pel of Christ. For two hours and a God's altar, if they have caught the half at a stretch the order was pracvision of a world's need-a world tically perfect, the interest was eager for which Christ died; if they have and unwavering. The organization caught the spirit of a Savior's love and program were well-nigh perfect. and sacrifice; if they have heard the

Ushers and doorkeepers performed Boards of Missions, pointed out the their arduous d!1ties with Christian courtesy as a service to God; the urgency of the missionary problem famous Association Quartet led the devotional singing with marvelous among Moslems in Africa. effect; the generous hosts in Kansas City did much to insure the success Shall we Christians tarry and trifle of the meetings, and the speakers, while Africa is in darkness? almost without exception, spoke with great nower as inspired messengers While we d*ela*y a*nd dally Mo- of Guu. 'lhere was no applause and yet it was not difficult to note the hammedanism is increasing in geo- sympathetic and appreciative response graphical extent, and in influence. " ilich these messages met in the hearts of the delegates. Even when *** a speaker could not be heard-as was the case in very few instances-the While within the last ten years attention was almost perfect. fifty Moslems in Africa have been converted to Christ, there have been The plan of the convention de- some 50,000 pagans who have gone serves notice. The program was by over to Islam. And they are more no means made up of popular mis- difficult to reach as Moslems than they would have been as pagans. 1 *** sionary addresses and appeals to ser- vice. It was progressive-beginning On the other hand there are signs at a definite point and proceeding to of decay in Moslem political power. a definite goal. The first purpose of To-day there is not a single inde- the leaders was not to secure more pendent Moslem state in Afric.a- missionary recruits, but to bring the Egypt, the Sudan, Tripoli, Morocco delegates into harmony with the will have all come under the control of and Spirit of God. The meetings European governments. thus emphasized sanity, sanctity and service. * The * probl*em of unoccu- A Survey of the Fields supreme At the opening session on Wednes- day afternoon, devotional addresses pied fields to-day is the problem at' were given by John R. Mott, Robert E. Speer and Dr. Robert F. Horton Moslem territory in Africa. of London. The theme was the en- thronement of Christ in the heart and *** life as the first essential to right thinking and right decisions. Then The price of victory is general- followed for three sessions a most ship and individual sacrifice. There masterly presentation of the present must be a new laying hold on God situation in non-Christian lands and for the rescue of Moslem Africa. the call to Christians to give them the Gospel. Dr. Charles R. Watson, The impressive address by Dr. secretary of the United Presbyterian Samuel M. Zwemer on "The Ful- ness of Time in the Moslem 'vVorld," will be printed in full in our March number. This modern Raymond Lull held the vast audience spell- bound while he explained and illus- trated in a masterful way the five facts which show that, in God's calendar, the fulness of time has come to redeem those under the yoke of Islam: I. For the first time in history the whole of Christendom is face to face with the whole of Islam.

P ART OF THE AUDIE~CE OF OVER SIX THOUSAND IN CONVE NTION HALL, KA NSA S CITY, AT THE SEVENTH STUDENT VOLUNTEER FOREIGK MISSIONARY

DECEMBER 31 , 1913, TO JANUARY 4, 1914 These students came from 755 colleges and other educational institutions of the United States and Canada. John R. Matt, LL.D., presided. Among the delegates were 3,984 representatives of colleges, universities and professional schools (including about 160 Chinese delegates), 279 secretaries, missionaries, and other Foreign Mission Board representatives, 53 editors and representatives of the press, 350 laymen, and 365 special delegates and guests-a total of 5,031 regular attendants at the convention. Beside these there were over I ,CX)() hosts and other visitors from Kansas City in daily attendance, and at times it was necessary to hold overflow meetings.

Above the platform (on which were seated the foreign missionaries and Board representatives) was hung an immense map of the world showing the prevailing religions in each continent. Lines stretching from North America indicated the countries to which student volunteers have sailed as foreign missionaries since 1887. These number 5,882, of whom 638 have gone to Africa, 26 to Arabia, 40 to Central America, 1,739 to China, 1,133 to India, Burma and Ceylon, 743 to Japan, 28 to Latin and Greek countries of Europe, 168 to Mexico, 67 to I slan ds of the Pacific, 163 to the Philippines, 51 to Persia, 104 to Siam, L aos and Strait settlements, 359 to South America, 221 to Turkey, 177 to West Indies and 225 to other countries.

19141 FIVE THOUSAND STUDENTS IN LINE FOR MISSIONS

2. To-day we know the character in that city of two million inhab- and power of Islam as never before. itants.-KATo.

3. The political power of Islam *** has collapsed and almost all of the Moslem world is under Christian As a result of the Matt and Eddy governments. meetings last spring there were 2,000 enquirers enrolled among the stu- 4. The social and intellectual status dents and of these ISO have already .and standards of Islam are changing. been received into the Christian Church.-KATO. 5. There is a present-day spiritual crisis and opportunity in Islam. In India *to-d*ay * there is an On the second· day the Macedonian awakening in one generation such as required four hundred years to take calls were heard from other lands. place in Europe. There are now 4,000,000 Christians in India and A Japanese Christian earnestly ap- more than 3,000 new baptisms are taking place, on an average, each pealed for Christian messengers for fortnight.-HARTE.

his people; a Chinese called for those who will help redeem China; C. D. Hurrey, formerly Y. M. C. A.

secretary in South America, and *** Bishop Kinsolving of Brazil told of Africa has dozens of bishops and the United States has u6, but South the spiritual darkness and open doors America has only four. Philadelphia has 6g0 Protestant churches, while in South America, and A. C. Harte, Buenos Ayres has only 10. There. are ten times as many preachers of student secretary for India, presented the Gospel in the one State of Iowa as there are in all South America.- the problem of his adopted country KINSOLVING.

and people. Many of these powerful *** addresses will appear in the REVIEW, In the interests of Mariolatry, or at least without the protest of the so that we give here only a few dominant Church, there is, in South America, an ethical status more detristriking phrases: mental to pure morals and more dis- honoring to Christ than is found in In Latin America the student class open paganism.-KINsOLVING. rules. How they will rule may be guessed by the fact that at present *** not two per cent. of the students in the universities have any interest in In South America we find: A the Bible or in Christianity.-HuR- sacramental system without real wor- REY. ship; a closed Bible; false doctrine; baneful superstition; untutored igno- *** rance; almost complete divorce from Christianity; a deplorable moral ana Buddhism, Confucianism and Shin- ethical status.-KINSOLVING. to have no influence to-day on the Japanese students. In the univer- *** sity of Tokyo, among five thousand students, only 700 claimed to be fol- The result of keeping the Bible lowers of these religions, while goo from the laity and the denial of the put themselves down as atheists and right of private judgment will al- 3,000 as agnostics or indifferent. ways be the enslavement of the con- Seventy confessed themselves to be science of any people.-KINsOLVING. Christians.-KATo. *** *** From a mISSIonary 'viewpoint the The temptations to young men in Japan can scarcely be over estimated. most remarkable and powerful ad- The police of Tokyo recently reported that 300,000 men frequented houses of ill-fame in a single month

dress delivered at this convention- have trained minds and skilled pracperhaps at any gatherilJg-was the tise, so that we may give the best story told by John R. Mott of what we have to men in the service of he had seen with his own eyes of Christ.-HENDERSON. the transformations in the Nearer and the Farther East. He told of * * oj< the contrast in the attitude of governments and people and the oppor- There is a mutual satisfaction in tunities for preaching the Gospel as man's right relationship to Godhe found them on his journeys four- God seeks worshipers and man seeks teen and eighteen years ago in com- God.-W. W. WHITE. parison with the open doors on his recent journey around the world. It *** is a marvelous report and will be found in full on another page. Prophets to-day, like the prophets of old, must study the sacred books The Sources of Power of God, must maintain fellowship with God, and must give utterance One session of the convention was by word and life to the message of devoted to the presentation of the God to men.-W. W. WHITE. sources of spiritual power-for the emphasis 0.£ the speakers was ever *** on the necessity of a healthy spiritual life and right relationship with God A missionary is one sent to win rather than on any particular act of devotion or field of service. Presi- men to Jesus Christ, so that the best dent W. Douglas MacKenzie of Hartford Theological Seminary spoke on preparation for missionary work is the need of special training, Professor Henderson of the University of Chi- the winning of men. . This is cago urged the need of knowing Christ, the world and our right re- proved by the command of Christ, lation to both of them, Dr. W. W. White presented the need for sane the teachings of Christ, the example and systematic Bible study and prayer, and Mr. Sherwood Eddy of Christ, and the history of the brought home to all hearts the duty of "soul winning in student days as Church.-EDDY. an essential preparation for a fruitful missionary career." *** "Train your mind to see the truth Many are not winners of men toof God and your vision to see the day because of indifference, of hidneeds of man."-MAcKENzIE. den sin, or from fear of man.-EDDY.

*** *** Let us not go forth with the in- If you would become winners of sufficient preparation of "quacks" to men (I) renounce the hidden things practise our Christian profession of shame (2 Cor. 4:2), and sanctify among men but let us see that we ourselves; (2) manifest the truth as it is in Christ; (3) command your- selves to every man's conscience; (4) live as in the sight of God.- EDDY.

*** Ve have long since ceased to doubt that we will win Asia for Christ, but how are We to win Amer- ica if we relegate to the few the witnessing to Christ at home?-EDDY.

*** Perhaps the most remarkable ses- sion in the program in point of cumu- lative effect of a series of addresse, was that on Saturday morning when the subj ect presented was "Forces to Be Wielded in Behalf of

19I4] FiVE THOUSAND STUDENTS IN LINE FOR MISSIONS

Foreign Missions." Some of these In United States each Christian papers we have secured for our read- has two non-Christians to reach; in ers to be printed later. Dr. James L. non-Christian lands each Christian Barton, secretary of the American Jm. iscs.ioWnaHrIyTEh.as a parish of 70,000:– *** Board, first presented the need for There are now only one in 2,500 "Missionary Statesmanship" ; J. American Protestant church-members Campbell 'White of the Laymen's on the foreign mission fields. If Missionary Movement set forth in we eliminate fifty per cent. of our speaking statistics the "Money church-members as non-contributing Power"; Dr. James H. Franklin, sec- we could treble our missionary force retary of the American Baptist For- and still leave only one foreign miseign Missionary Society, pleaded in sionary to be supported by four huna convincing way for "Unity and Co- dred Christians at home.-J. C. operation"; Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer WHITE. showed the "Power of Sacrifice," If the ** * and Dr. Robert F. Horton reached Protestant church-members the climax with an address on the of America gave an average of only "Power of Prayer." Each address four cents a week to foreign miswas a masterpiece with both logical sions it would mean an income of and spiritual power. nearly $50,000,000 a year for the Missionary statesmanship is the exhibition and exercise of conspicuous work. Many could give $1,000,000 ability and sagacity in the management and direction of missionary outright to foreign missions while affairs.-BARTON. they are still alive and are not com- *** pelled to give it up.-J. C. WHITE. Three perils stand in the way of the development and use of mis~ion­ *** ary statesmanship: (I) Failure to study and grasp the immensity of The question to consider in Christhe task; (2) failure to prepare ade- tian unity is not one of compromise quately for the accomplishment of but of a larger comprehension of the the task; and (3) undue eagerness love and truth of God. We need not to secure visible results. The first ask: What must I give up, but what is due to superficiality on the part of can I contribute to the sum of students, the second to desire of the boards for workers, and the third to Christian truth.-J. H. FRANKLIN. the demands of the supporters at home for statistics.-BARToN. * * * It is true for the denomination as *** for the individual: "He that would save his life shall lose it, and he that vVe need statesmanship (I) 111 re- shall lose his life for My sake, the lation to the development of an m- same shall find it."-J. H. FRANKLIN. digenous native church; (2) in the development of native forces on the * The only pow* er*that money has is field; (3) in the presentation of the work of missions to governments at found not by hoarding but when it is home and abroad; (4) in ability to poured out and set free to do God's see the whole work and the whole bidding.-S. M. ZWEMER. field; and (5) in Christlike intercession for the world field.-BARTON. *** The "scar-marks" that we have re- ceived in behalf of Christ are the only test of our faithfulness as fol- lowers of the crucified Christ.- ZWEMER.

*** Is the shadow of the cross on your bank account, or do you only spend

for the Kingdom what you can easily They have a wide opportunity spare ?-ZWEMER. among their fellows in the colleges and other institutions to which they Intercession *is t*he *highest form of return. When Horace Rose went back to his college fired with misprayer, the mightiest instrument of sionary zeal, the result was 25 new the Christian and brings the greatest student volunteers, 400 converts to blessing.-HoRToN. Christ and 600 enrolled in Bible study classes. If that is the result * :;: * with one man what might not be the result with 4,000 students consecrated We can not come to the experience to the service of God? of Pentecost except by the way of Calvary.-HoRToN. In their homes and churches and local committees, these delegates may One striking* a*nd * most hopeful spread the fire. In a Wichita church one man was able to gather a band of feature of the convention was the personal workers who were the means emphasis on prayer-in the call to of winning 3,000 converts in the disthe convention; in the daily cards trict. distributed for the "Morning Watch" and in the daily sessions and ad- But the responsibility for using dresses. Man is potent only as he is the inspiration gained at Kansas linked with God's omnipotence. City is world-wide. There has been a vision of the needs of the world. The Delegates' Responsibility Many volunteers have fallen at the front. Who will fill their places? The great privileges and opportunities of such a convention neces- Results of Student Conventions sarily involve grave responsibilities on those who attend. These were These large Volunteer Convenwell presented by Sherwood Eddy at tions are justified only by the results the deeply-impressive dosing session secured in the lives of individuals on Sunday evening. The possibilities and of communities. Since the beof such a gathering of educated lead- ginning of the work twenty-seven ers can scarcely be imagined if these years ago, 5,882 student volunteers young men and young women have have sailed for foreign mission fields. heard the voice of God, have seen In the last four years 1,466 have the vision of service and fully conse- left America-this is the largest numcrate their lives to following His ber in anyone quadrennial-more will. Out of such a convention may than sailed in all the first twelve come the futUre Motts, and Speers, years of the movement. A larger and Eddys, and Hortons and Ding Ii number of new volunteers were also Meis, and Azariahs not only of enrolled in the past four years than America, but of China and Africa, in any previous similar period. of India and Japan, of Turkey and South America. One of the greatest advances has been in mission study classes. The The student delegates have first a membership in these has increased in responsibility to themselves-to face the last four years from 29,000 to the facts thoughtfully and honestly and then to act with conscientious loyalty and devotion.

THOUSAND STUDENTS IN LINE FOR MISSIONS

40,000. This study and world vision women. They formed a striking ob- have also meant an intensified prayer ject lesson of the results and the op- life and deepened spirituality among portunity of foreign missions. Most the students and have helped to trans- of these are preparing for Govern- form many individuals and many ment service in China and some of college communities. them were not yet Christians. Each The most spectacular sessions of afternoon they held their own con- the convention were those of Friday, ferences and on the third day six Saturday and Sunday nights. On openly confessed their faith in Christ the first, after Dr. Mott's address, for the first time, and five others the delegates contributed in ten min- agreed to study the Gospels and to utes over $80,000 ($20,000 a year) follow Christ so far as He appealed for the work of the movement in the to their reason and consciences. Over next four years. This is about one- twenty of the Chinese delegates were half of the amount needed. The led to determine to devote their lives second was on Saturday when Secre- to distinctively Christian service in tary of State Bryan and Dr. J. A. China. This means that they have McDonald of the Toronto Globe de- renounced the prospects of political livered oratorical mIssIonary ad- preferment and have chosen to fol- dresses; and the third and most im- low the way of the Cross-service pressive was when, as the entire audi- through sacrifice.

ence stood, the names were read of The greatest student convention the fifty-three volunteers who have died world has ever seen passes into his- since the previous convention. Of tory to make history. We are confi- these the name most often lovingly fident that men and women received mentioned by many speakers was that there a new vision of Christ that has of William Borden, the young volun- led to neW consecration, a new felteer who consecrated his wealth and lowship with God that has brought himself to the cause of Christ and laid new health and power and a new down his life in Cairo. After the view of the world that will lead reading of the "honor roll" and the hundreds, perhaps thousands, to place singing of the martyrs' hymn, the stu- themselves at the disposal of our dent volunteers at the convention who Lord, cost 'What it may. Never has expect to sail this year-nearly one there been in the history of the hundred of them-stood and were world a convention of so many Chrisdedicated in prayer to their life work. tian students to study the needs of It was a solemnizing moment and yet the world and to face their own'inone of ,joyful anticipations, such as might characterize the departure of dividual responsibility to supply those fresh troops for a life-saving battle needs. In the words of the chairman, on the frontier. Dr. Mott: "If this convention disap- One unusual feature of the con- points Christ, what means can we ex- vention was the presence of 160 pect will arouse men and women to Chinese delegates-many of them respond to His call."

A State Religion for

llY REV. ARTHUR H. SMITH, T'UNG CHOU :Missionary of the American Board; author of "China in Convulsion," etc.

N the two years which scale at the end of the civil war in the middle "sixties" of the last cen- III I have elapsed since the tury. establishment of the Chinese Republic it During the past few years, as has become evident is well known, the leaders of thought both to the Chinese in Japan have been greatly troubled themselves and to old residents of over similar symptoms in that em- China, that an unfavorable change pire, and their anxiety for the morals has come over the morals of the of the people led in the early part of Chinese people. There is a general 1912 to the singular Conference of disregard not only for the fixt cus- Religions in Tokyo, which attracted toms of the past, but of rules, regu- so much attention in Japan and out lations, laws, and of authority in of it. During the past year and more general. scores of thousands of soldiers have been discharged from the Chinese Individualism in its extreme form army. They constitute a justly has invaded the land of conservative dreaded class. Many of them took and patriarchal antecedents. The with them their arms and ammuniominous terms for "Liberty," and tion, and almost at once there began "Equality," are now a well-recog- a reign of terror in several province!; nized part of Chinese speech, and which has spread until it has become while they are not understood they more or less characteristic of the are aggressively misunderstood. whole land. This 1S sometimes F'ing teng – "all-on-a-Ievel" – is a termed "quiet anarchy" (a correct phrase used in China with a new description with the exception of the content, and if present-tiay notions limiting adjective), a state of things were to be carried to their logical to which the Chinese have been aclimits there would seem to be an customed for millenniums, whenever end of any kind of control over any favoring conditions, such as a change one in China. In this experience of dynasty, etc., exist. It is as true China is only repeating that of other now as it seems always to have been lands. The French Revolution, with that the evils of China have been its frightful aftermath, has never largely economic in their ongm. been forgotten by modern civiliza- Were there work enough and food tion. Not unlike that destructive enough for- all the people events epoch was the phase through which would take a different course, a the newly formed United States went large and roomy IF, which is found for some decades after their freedom in other countries also. But it is not was theoretically won. A like phe- in roaming bandit soldiers alone, and nomenon was witnessed on a smaller in amateur hands of predatory illusion for all those who thought civilians always to be found in China, China's salvation was to be evolved that the absence of restraint is shown. by this piece of machinery. Party Taxes and Corruption spirit ran too high, greed was too obviously rampant, and there reigned At the beginning of the revolution it a supreme incapacity to rise to the was thought prudent-so it was said emergency of China's dire need. So -to promise that the advent of the large and so unwieldy a body, ham- republic would be accomplished by pered by rules of an impossible the remission of all taxes-for a quorum, placed a premium upon dis- time. No bad habit is so easily and order and upon blocking all business so radically cured as that of paying by merely withdrawal from the taxes, and once cured it was hard to chamber. As each party did this in get it started again-and remain<; :'0 turn the result was a long record of to this day. The hated Manchu costly nullities.

was largely hated because he always Delay of Religion wanted money, and if the republic was to demand also, what was tht Religious faith, it is pointed out, good of a change? During these two has manifestly decayed. Even in the years the provinces which heretofore Manchu dynasty temples were turned have always supplied the government wholesale into school-houses, with or with funds, have sent only driblets, without the consent of "the people,"

and so China is contracting the loan who then figured very ·1ittle. Under habit, which, unless checked, can a republic all this would be amended, lead only to bankruptcy and to active but it has gone on as before, and intervention. The same disregard of this not only in great cities like Can- rules has long existed in the schools ton and Tientsin-the two most con- of all grades, where the scholars have spicuous examples-but in rural re- practically taken charge, boycotting gions passim. Buddhist priests have and securing the dismissal of teachers, not infrequently tried to recover their insisted upon certain courses of study temples by putting themselves- into to the exclusion of others, upon easy communication and alliance with examinations, high marks, and im- Japanese Buddhists, always ready to mediate employment after graduation. interfere in Chinese affairs. But the Of most of the evils the Govern- Chinese Government III Manchu ment University in Peking has been times refused to listen to the -and still is-a most flagrant ex- specious plea by Japanese that Bud- ample. It has been a common com- .dhism should be put on a level with plaint that corruption, always abound- Christianity as a privileged religion, ing in China, has been even worse on the ground that there was nothing and more unblushing under the re- of the sort mentioned in the treaties public than before, for the reason that with Japan. Something therefore previous restraints no .longer restrain. 111ust be done to rehabilitate the The conduct of the Parliament, upon morals of China. When the republic which such high hopes were set, was was launched it was openly pro- a distinct and a progressive dis- claimed by its promoters that hence-

forth we were to have religious of Confucius and His School," which liberty in China, and this promise are published by the university. Mr. has been often reaffirmed down to Ch'en is very learned in Confucianthe assembling of Parliament, and ism and in economics, and he has the work of the large committee to succeeded in establishing a relationwhich was entrusted the drafting of ship between them hitherto altogether the new Constitution. unexpected, unless by the initiated. It appears that Confucius was not It was not long, however, before only a moralist, as we all knew, but we began to hear that an article was more particularly a political econin contemplation making Confucian- omist, who saw and who foresaw ism the state religion of China, an nearly everything that is now known, announcement received with much and more clearly than we know it. natural incredulity by those who knew Mr. Ch'en's volumes are monuments what irreconcilable differences of of industry, according to our ideas opmlon have long existed as to mistakenly applied, but well adapted whether Confucianism conforms to to mislead those who accept the the definition of "a religion" at all. author's large assumptions. This is It is only within the past few years not the place to examine them nor that the Chinese language had had to point out their fallacies-tho it any phrase to express the concept may be desirable that this should "religion," and the compound now somewhere be done. Being a in use (Cltsung-chiao") means liter- thoroughly sincere believer in Conally ancestral instruction, but it has fucianism as the only possible hope come to China from Japan-with for China and the coming religion many another new term-to "supVly of mankind, it was natural for Mr. a want which has long been felt," not, Ch'en to desire to have it stamped however, felt by the Chinese them- with governmental approval. But selves, but by others who have to here serious difficulties began. Conuse the Chinese language. The ques- fucianists themselves were found to tion whether Confucianism is or is be of different minds, some gladly not in the Occidental sense "a re- welcoming the plan of establishing ligion" has never had the smallest Confucianism as an omen of salvainterest for the Chinese-even if tion for China, while others denied they could have comprehended it- that Confucianism is or ever was, or but now that they are increasingly ever can be, a "religion," pointing sensitive to Western ideas it is other- out that there is no God in the cult, wise. 110 worship but that performed by emperors now banished from the re- The prime mover in the vigor- public, and no general agreement as ous effort to establish at this late day to what is and what is not Cona state religion for China, is under- fucianism. stood to be Mr. Ch'en Huan-chang, is a graduate of Columbia University, Christianity and Confucianism N. Y., a few years ago, who prepared as his thesis for the degree of philoso- It is at this point that Western exphy a treatise in two extended vol- perience becomes illuminating. ~What umes on "The Economic Principles is Christianity? Its roots are in the

A STATE RELIGION FOR CHINA

Old Testament, its flower is in the written. When Confucianism is "es- New Testament, Its fruitage is scat- tablished," what is it that is estabtered through the ages, with all the lished? discordant elements to be taken account of and if possible harmonized. Buddhists, Mohammedans and Christians alike look upon the pro- What is "Confucianism ?" Con- posed measure with signal disfavor. fucius affirmed that he was not an The two former religions have reoriginator but a transmitter. He cently blossomed out as "churches" gathered up the results of a millen- ("Fo Chiao," "Hui Chiao"), stirred nium or two of pre-Confucian Con- to valorous verbal deeds by Chrisfucianism, and embodied them in his tian competition. But they demand edition of the older writings. His "liberty," which no one ever heard immediate disciples gathered up the of until the other day, and can easily memorabilia of Confucius and these make trouble unless they get it. in turn became classics. Mencius, born about a hundred years later Argument Against Establishment than Confucius, amplified, illustrated and enforced the teachings of the This is the argument which Chi- Master and himself became the Sec- nese and foreigners alike are enond Sage. All of his writings are deavoring t9 force into the skull of of course Confucian also. The Han the Confucianist who does not know and the T'ang dynasties brought history. If Confucianism-whatever forth numberless commentators upon it is-is "established," everything else the great body of works esteemed is thereby disestablished. Disestabclassical, but it was left for Chufutze, lished persons and ideas make trouof the Sung dynasty (born 1130, died ble. This a struggling republic can 1200 A.D. ), to fix the correct inter- not afford. The Mongols are pretation of the ancient classics for lamaists and half of Mongolia is the seven centuries to follow. What already forfeited to Russian guile, Chu Hsi said the classics meant they force and greed-shall we alienate the did mean and do mean, what he said rest? The Tibetans are of the same they did not mean is heresy. Few religion as the Mongols, at a time men in history have so tyrannized when Tibet is struggling to escape over their successors as this great from Chinese bondage; are we to scholar and commentator has. done. disestablish their ancient religion To disagree was to cut oneself off also? Are we to repeat in Olina the from any hope of degrees, of office, Thirty Years' War of Europe? and of promotion. Therefore heresy has been at a discount, and stiff When Confucianism comes to be orthodoxy has had the "middle of examined by modern Confucianists the road," and both sides as well. freed from the intellectual disabililies Now that we have freedom of of their fathers, many things will thought and expression the ques- come to light. Ancestor worship is tion, "What is Confucianism?" is one against the modern spirit and repreof great complexity upon which sents but one earlier stage of human libraries might be-perhaps will be- evolution. It is doubtful if it can long be kept on at the old valuation, and eventually it will probably be greatly modified.

The Book of Changes-oldest of versies on the deepest and most inthe classics-was greatly revered by tricate topics of human thought and Confucius, who remarked that if he life is suicidal. So say many of the had the time he would give fifty most intelligent Chinese. years additional to its study. It is likely that the modern Confucianist At present there is little likeiihood will part company with "the Master" that Confucianism can get itself esat this point. The Book of Chat"J.ges tablished in China. But it is quite and the Science of Chemistry do not possible to have indefinite and vexamatch one another. It is hard to tious "regulations" introduced by the see how both can hold sway. But Board of Education, or by Presichemistry is too firmly rooted in fact dential mandate, which may cause to be dislodged by ingenious combina- serious trouble. While these can not tions of long and short straight lines, be permanent they may do great with treatises on them forming, in harm before they are abrogated. the words of Schlegel, "a mechanical Every well wisher of China should play of idle abstractions." pray that wisdom may be given to those in charge of the new ship-of- Every ounce of utility in China is state that it may not be wrecked, but vitally needed at this crucial epoch. may enter upon a voyage longer and To introduce and to necessitate far more prosperous than those in elaborate and irreconcilable contro- its past history.

THE MISSION CALL BY PROF. JAS. LEWIS HOWE, LEXINGTON, VIRGINIA Why should I give? What can God need from me, When His are all the earth and sky and sea? What worth to Him my little all would be?

He wants me to I Why should I go? Archangels He could send To bear His Word to earth's remotest end; Yet "Go ye!" comes the call to me, His friend.

He wants me to!

Why should I pray? By feeble voice Him move? Bends He a listening ear to me in love? Yet when I cry He answers from above.

He wants me to!

"Am with you alway"; "All the power"; "Then go!" His final message. Am I, then, so slow I shall not do His will? Enough to know He wants me to!

Experts at The

THE RECENT MEETING OF THE CONTINUATION COMMITTEE OF THE WORLD MISSIONARY CONFERENCE BY THE REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D.D., VICE-CHAIRMAN ~T HE Continuation Com– were beautifully exprest in her mes- mittee, appointed by . the World Missionary sage as follows: Conference at Edin- burgh in 19IO, held its "It affords me a twofold pleasure third annual meeting to bid you welcome to my country, as I thus have an opportunity of asat The Hague in Holland. The first suring you how warmly my feelings coincide with those of the commitannual meeting was held at Bishop tee in its sacred work, and also gives me occasion to declare my af- Auckland Castle, England, where the finity of soul with the grand task which is aimed at by the continuamembers of the committee were the tion of the efforts of the Edinburgh Conference. personal guests of the Bishop of "Your aspiration to unity and co- Durham. The American members operation in mission work is reechoed in the Netherlands. Here, too, we could not entertain the Committee at aim at a sympathetic understanding of foreign races as faithful disciples a castle eight hundred years old and of Him who came to serve. I con- sider your visit and your presence at so they selected the beautiful and the Dutch Missionary Conference as a good omen, showing that those picturesque Lake Mohonk, New among my compatriots who are in- terested in the missionary cause per- York, for the second meeting. The severe in realizing these principles.

third session, at The Hague, last "My earnest wish is that the spirit of unity of all followers of Christ, November, was an example of Over- members of His invisible community, may gain in intensity, and that our flowing Dutch hospitality. The people Savior may direct our hearts and develop the strength of our comof the city, headed by the Prime bined prayer.

Minister, took up a subscription, "May our zeal be inspired and sanctified, and we all be fitted for the which gave the committee the exclu- several vocations to which Christ calls us individually; so that the sun sive use of the spacious Hotel Castle of His truth may shine over the whole world, shedding light in the Oud-Wassenaer. Several hundred of darkness of human misery and glad- dening the hearts of all mankind the Christians of the city welcomed with the ineffable richness of His divine love." the Committee in a reception, while The Continuation Committee as now the Queen sent a message for the constituted consists of thirty-nine opening session, and the day after ad- members, of whom ten represent the journment entertained the COplmittee at her summer palace at Apeldoorn.

It was evident that the Queen and the Prince Consort have a real in- terest in the missionary work for which the Committee was convened.

Queen Wilhelmina's Christian faith and her intelligent recognition of the place of foreign missionary work

Continent of Europe, twelve Great tion Committee. The following list Britain, fifteen North America, in- of committees indicates the scope of cluding the United States and Canada, subjects on which reports were renand one each Australia and South dered and which formed the main Africa. There are many who attach topics of discussion: large significance to the fact that this Committee is the first body of Committee on Missionary Survey and Oc- Christians in the history vf the world cupation. which has brought representatives of such widely varying nationalities and Committee on the Development of Trainforms of religious belief into uni- ing Schools for Missionaries on the ted conference regarding the exten- Field. sion of the Kingdom of God. Around that conference table sit Committee on Christian Education. Christian leaders from fifteen differ- Committee on Christian Literature. ent countries-England, Scotland, Committee on Work Among Moslems. France, Germany, Holland, Denmark, Committee on the Church in the Mission Switzerland, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Canada, Africa, Australia and Field. the United States. These members Committee on Medical Missions. represent not only so many different Committee on Cooperation and Unity. countries, but practically all the Committee on Missionary Statistics. varieties of evangelical Christian Committee on Publications. thought from High Church Anglicans to the Society of Friends. The work of these committees IS Apart, therefore, from anything that laid out on a large scale, and an exthe Committee may do, it is not an tensive correspondence is conducted unimportant sign of the times that to gather material for the use of the the day has come when it is possible missionaries and the Boards. The to have such a committee, and possi- chairman of the Continuation Comble, too, for that committee to dis- mittee, Dr. John R. Mott, gives a cuss, as it does, the largest and most large part of his time to the work difficult questions with entire frank- and expects to give still more of it ness and in a spirit of perfect har- in the future. Mr.]. H. Oldham, mony. the secretary, gives his entire time to the work of the Committee and to It would be impossible here to give the editorship of the International in detail the proceedings at the eigh- Review. The reports of these special teen crowded sessions of the full committees necessarily occupied much Committee and a score or more meet- of the time at the meeting of The ings of sub-committees and special Hague, as the plans of each comcommittees. The permanent work of mittee were passed in review and the Continuation Committee is done carefully discust. Large attention, through ten special committees, each too, was given to the report of the one of which has an international Chairman, Dr. Mott, upon his recent membership including eminent men tour among the missions in India, and women outside of the Continua- China, Japan and Korea.* Since the Continuation Committee has no power whatever over either Boards or Missions, but is purely . 'The "Findings" of. the conferences of mis· sionaries, which were held in connection with his tour, are now accessible in a handsome volume of 488 pa~es, and it is earnestly to he hoped that these • Findings" will be carefully studied not only by missionaries but by those who are con- nected with the home Boards. .

A TWICE-BORN TURK II3

advi50ry and consultative in charac- been accomplished and a sobering ter, its chief energies are given to a sense of responsibility for the right study of the problems of modern solution of vexed problems. missions, to accumulating facts and to' the consideration of international Third: The almost overwhelming and interdenominational questions, sense of the obligation that rests not formerly considered by individuals or only upon the missionary body but by separate Boards. The Committee upon the native churches and upon is careful to avoid questions regard- the churches at home to meet the ing which it has no right to speak, extraordinary and unprecedented opbut it has an extensive area to cover portunities which now confront the within the limits defined by the Edin- Church of God throughout the nonburgh Conference. Christian world.

Four special characteristics may be Fourth: The spirit of devotion noted with regard to the meeting at which prevailed and prominently The Hague: characterized every session. Not only the special pe.r;-iod set apart every day First: The thoroughness and for intercessory prayer but all the painstaking care with which the prob- deliberations of the Committee were lems of the work were considered marked by this spirit. We had a very and the large amount of ti~e and tender and yet a very solemn sense thought which busy men are giving of the reality of the presence of Alto them. mighty God, and the members separ- ated to take up their respective tasks Second: A candid facing of the with new faith and with new courdefects and limitations of the mis- age. sionary enterprise, an absence of the spirit of undue boasting of what has A Twice-born "Turk"–Part V THE REMARKABLE REMINISCENCES OF A CONVERTED MOSLEM SHEIKH TRANSLATED BY ARTHUR T. UPSON, CAIRO, EGYPT Superintendent of the Nile Mission Press "Infallibility of the Propheta"-A Public ing in the Azhar in those days was Inquisition only a comparison of the teacher's book with the students' book. Occa- .a.di:…l.oqji!JJ,HEIKH: When I had sionally there would be some criti- obtained diplomas in cism of the text studied, but as for various subjects from philosophy and logic they were abso- the Azhar University, lutely prohibited. one of my friends told me that there were at I wrote to ·my father asking his permission to travel to Dumyat, but Dumyat certain Sheikhs especially he did not answer me. Finally I well-read in logic, which is the test went to Dumyat and took, 'a room of all sciences. The manner of teach-

and attended the lectures given by His face became red, but he conthe chief professors in ancient philos- trolled himself and said to me, "Upon ophy and logic. you be peace, and the mercy of God," etc. One day while sitting with an Egyptian officer in the market 1 took" a seat on his right and we place, mention was made of the began to take our coffee. The chief claim of the Moslems for the Sheikh turned to me and said: infallibility of their prophets. I drew his attention to certain Koranic "A crowd of Moslems have come verses and traditions which com- to me to-day complaining that you pletely contradicted this claim. On have said words which made the the next night one of the professors skins of all believers shudder, namely, came to my room and said that the that you hold the non-infallibility of chief Sheikh wanted me in his house the prophets and apostles. You know because many Moslems had com- that this contradicts the Islamic reliplained that I had attacked the doc- gion, and religious disturbances will trine of the infallibility. of the result from it. We take refuge in prophets. God from such, but do you realIy hold the non-infallibility of the We found the Sheikh surrounded prophets? by an admiring circle of professors, not less than twenty. I saluted them "1 hold exactly what the Koran with "Salaams," but no one replied. says in this matter," 1 replied, "but I then stept backward, but the Sheikh I do not hold the explanations of the stopt me and said, "Why are you go- commentators. As you know, it is ing back?" 1 said, "Because I have not allowable to so explain a text my doubts about an assembly in so as to divert it from its simple which there is no Salaam, which is meaning unless for some strong inthe rule in Islam. They said, "Oh, tellectual reason. Now, as there is that is because you have followed not in the Koran a single verse which delusion, whereas Salaam is only for refers to the infallibility of the prophthose who follow the truth." I said, ets, then we are compelled to hold "But this is worse than before, for their non-infallibility. you as the Sheikh of all the learned doctors have adjudged my error be- "As for your statement that this fore you hear my speech. Such a makes men shudder, learned men thing is contrary to the Moslem such as yourself should know that religious law." He was very angry, many Moslems have held that cerand cried out, "Be quiet; may you tain prophets and apostles have wilbe deprived of a mother" (an Arabic fully disobeyed God in connection curse). 1 said, "Praise God who with all the 'greater' sins, excepting created me able to speak, not dumb, only the falsifying of His message. and I know my mother and my father Now I venture to say with all boldalso." Mohammed said, "Get knowl- ness that the doctrine of the infalliedge, tranquility and clemency. What bility of the prophets is a denial of has your Excellency learned of the Koran and the sound traditions and the Torah and the Injil. Seeknowledge ?" ing that this assembly contains so many learned men, there is no

A TWICE-BORN TURK II5

need for me to quote the various The friend was ordered to be verses from the Koran and the tra- brought with the book. The trunk ditions which prove the sins of the was brought in, but they could not prophets, but I will repeat the say- find anything in it that they could ing of Ahmad ibn Hanbal and object to, except the books of AI others, quoting from Anas, that the Milal wan-Nihal. prophet said that 'all the sons of Adam are sinners, but the best of The Sheikh decided that these were sinners are the repentant ones.''' not prohibited.

Bible Stolen and Burned As for the Holy Bible, the Sheikh then asked me: I hardly finished this speech before the clamor of voices arose "Is this really yours?" against me. The Sheikhs cried out "Yes." as tho I had given utterance to "Where did you get it?" the greatest blasphemy, but fortu- "I bought it in Cairo." nately the officer protected me from "Why did you buy this book of the them, or they would have beaten me. Christians ?" Instead they curst me to their "Because the Koran came confirmhearts' content. I stood on my seat ing it, and I wish to compare them, with the officer by my side and said: especially as the Koran praises it with much praise and quotes from "Oh, men, say that 'God is one,' many of its verses. This is my but hear a word from me which will greatest reason for wishing to read be the deciding word. I refer to the it." Koran and the sound traditions everything that· I have said, and He smiled sardonically and said: then you may convince me if you "Have yon heard that the Jews and can bring forward sound proof. If Christians have corrupted it, and I am wrong, punish or kill me as filled it with all sorts of blasphemy you like, but let not your assembly against God?" of the Sheikhs of the town become a bed of anarchy." "When was that?" I asked. "And how did it happen that two bodies They all heard my voice and be- at enmity one with the other could came silent, when one of them said: agree together to alter their book, and how could they gather the copies "I have heard that this deluded from all the world to corrupt them one has in his box certain prohibited all ?" books." "Be quiet," he said, "and fear God, Two of them got up and by force or you will go to perdition." took away the key of my room and went to bring the box. Another said: He then stript the cover of the Bible and ordered paraflin to be "I saw the book of the Christians, poured cUpon it and lighted, saying, the Holy Bible, with a friend of his "Praise be to God, Who has ·let us yesterday, and when I asked him remove this forbidden thing." where he got it from, he said that the Syrian Sheikh had lent it him to "Truly," I said, "this is the greatread." est of wonders, that sin should be called obedience and God should be praised for it, and that you should

destroy the property of another man visits. When he learned that I. was wi.thout his permission. Do you be- going to be sent to Athens to study lieve that to be allowable?" Christian theology, he went straight to some of the fanatical Moslems and The Sheikh then slapped my face so told them. Then he came to my hard as to cause my nose to bleed. hotel, and began to weep bitterly and My officer friend became very an- to reproach me. He assured me that gry, and drew me out and said, it would end in my being forbidden "Come, for I take refuge in God to see the faces of my father and from the evil actions of these bar- friends. barians." We went out, and the officer asked me to go to the police and Satan won the victory over me just inform against the Sheikh. I refused, then, and I joined him in his regrets for I knew that that would only and sorrow. Then he took me to the bring me much worse injury, the public bath, where I underwent the least of which would be that they washing of Tauba (repentance). He would bear witness that I had blas- also took me to the mosque, where I phemed. prayed the prayer of repentance and divested myself of all my previous N ext day one of the Sheikhs came opinions. and told me to leave Dumyit, for the people were rising against me, and Now I blindly surrendered myself I must go, in order to prevent the to the Islamic religion without any evidence and in spite of my own shedding of my blood. When r mental temperament, which hated vain tradition, so that I was in conwalked in the street I could see the tinual conflict with my conscience. evil looks of men cast upon me, and could hear their curses. Some one informed my father that I was in Beirut, and he sent to the Washing Away Christian Doctrine Mufti asking for me to be sent back to my town. I sorrowfully went In a few days God opened the back. Many times in those days I way for me to travel to Beirut. As wavered between Satari and Christ, I had but little money, I sold my praying: gold watch. With a friend I called upon the Bishop of the Greek Ortho- "Oh, God, I turn to Thee from erdox Church. When he found out ror. I wash myself in the blood of the how I stood, he began to prove to Redeemer, and I know that Thou me, from the Bible, Adam's original dost receive my repentance. Estabsin and God's promise to His proph- lish the faith in my heart and make it ets to send a ransom. He also ex- grow. Sanctify it that it may be a plained to me some of the types dwelling-place for Thee and graciousfound in the Mosaic rites. He gave ly guide the wandering lambs to the me pernusslOn to visit him day by right fold of Thy Holiness. Lead day, but there was a Moslem shop my brother Moslems to the right near his door. This shopkeeper saw path. Amen." me drest in the usual long-sleeved cloak and loose turban, and made it NARRATOR: Tears fell down the his business to enquire of one· of the Sheikh's cheeks as he reported this, servants what was the reason for my and he said, "This is sufficient for to- day; let us meet again to-morrow."

(To be continued)

HALL OF THE CHRISTIAN INSTITUTE, TSINANFU, SHANTUNG

Evangelization In Shantung BY REV. R. C. FORSYTH, SHANTUNG, CHINA ~1:issionary of the English Baptist Mission ~I TINERATION 30 years~ and West and come back for an even- ago was a very different in~ meeting at headquarters. This, if thing from what it is weather permits, is usually held out- now. The new German side and generally commands a large railway, running as it audience, as after the work of the does straight through day is over and the evening meal par- taken of they are prepared to listen the Province from east to west, gives to what is said. The order followed is the singing of several hymns, which great facility to the missionary to helps to attract the villagers to the meeting-place. The Chinese are fond reach his down-country work more of singing, but it is not all of them who can sing, and the result is sometimes quickly. Formerly a great deal of time rather trying, but if trained in our Sunday-schools the children and and hard travel under very primitive young people can sing very sweetly. After the singing, short addresses are conditions had to be made before the given by several of the evangelists and a final word spoken by the missionary outstation could be reached. Now in charge. Books and tracts are dis- the railway in an hour or two takes you quickly and comfortably within a reasonable distance of the outstation which you wish to make your head- quarters for the time being. The usual plan adopted is to have evangelists go by two's to the North, South, East

tributed and Gospel portions are sold teachers, and girls' schools, if in the under cost price. By this means the same village, are usually some distance seed sowing in a given district is fairly apart. The most that one teacher can well done. undertake to teach thoroughly is ten pupils. The Chinese character is so Catechumen Classes heavy a burden on every scholar that work is begun in the early morning in Of course as often as practicable the the summer and at daylight in the same or a neighboring district is winter and carried on with intervals visited in this way and if any direct for meals right through the day, and in results occur these are gathered into the summer late on in the evening. classes for catechumens. Classes for The curriculum includes the recognimen are held separately from those for tion of the character, graded up to a women, to avoid scandal so common in certain standard, elementary geothese eastern lands. They are held for graphy, arithmetic, etc., and a thorough ten days, a fortnight or three weeks course in the Gospels and narrative and a regular program and time-table parts of the Old Testament. The day is made out for each day. Elemen- begins with the singing of a hymn, tary subjects are taught, mainly Scrip- reading and explanation of a portion ture. The doctrinal part is taught by of Scripture and prayer, all joining in means of a simple Catechism which is the Lord's prayer. The children are memorized and explained, and each thus passed through a course of four one is instructed in the Lord's prayer, years' elementary studies. If they are the ten commandments, grace before able to pass the entrance examination, meat, etc., and most learn some of the and can afford the fees they may prohymns in common use. After attend- ceed to the secondary school, and fiing such classes, which are held in the nally to the College, where a course spring and autumn and are found in equal to an English B. A. degree may constant attendance at worship in be finally obtained. Thus the system whatever place may be most con- of Christian education is costly but venient. Then, as a rule, after 18 thoroughly sound. Consequently gradmonths' probationary period, they are uates are eagerly sought for as pasexamined by the native pastor and tors, teachers, and evangelists, and can deacons and after public baptism are easily obtain important positions anyreceived into the native church. They where in China and even in governare exhorted as to the virtue and ne- ment service. The children of Chriscessity of Christian giving, are duly tian parents are usually sent to school admonished regarding family worship and invariably enter the native Chrisand strict attendance at the Sunday tion Church. The teacher is also a services, and in all ways prove out Christian and generally undertakes the of a good conversation that they are Sunday services for the Christians of truly the disciples of Christ. the village, and sometimes leads his scholars out on a Saturday half holi- Christian Primary Education day and while the children join heartily in the singing the teacher does the In every duly accredited station or preaching. The presence of the clean, outstation it is sought to establish a school. Boys are taught by male

EVANGELIZATION IN SHANTUNG II9

bright, intelligent faces of the children of all the region round. The patients is in itself a powerful and attractive are instructed in Christianity and sup- evidence for Christianity, which is plied with books and tracts when they keenly appreciated by the heathen leave.

parents. The school could be A Chri.tian Institute swamped by children of heathen, and A unique effort in the evangeliza- all our arrangements utterly break tion of Shantung is made in the capital down if we were to allow them to of the Province Tsinanfes. Here is come, as they are eager to do. The found the Christian Institute which lack of efficient teachers is a great has been in operation for some years.

drawback and in government institu- In the Museum, attached to the Insti- tions the absence of competent instruc- tute, are a number of Zoological speci- tors is the one difficulty which is in- mens, maps of large dimensions, superable and can only be gradually globes, charts and tables of statistics of overcome as the supply is available. all kinds suitable for students or intel- Efficient Christian teaching in our ligent officials. Visitors to the number primary schools is the source of intel- of hundreds of thousands pass through ligent, well-instructed Christians, the it every year. The highest officials of backbone of the church. the capital have all made use of it.

Every hour evangelistic teaching and Medical Work preaching takes place and short addresses given by trained assistants. Another fruitful source of the spread of Christianity in any given Lectures are given to students in the district are medical hospitals, of which lecture hall on special subjects and almost every foreign manned station has one and sometimes two in opera- made attractive by lantern and cinetion. This appeals powerfully to the matograph exhibitions. Chinese as an evidence for Christianity which they can neither gainsay or re- There need be no hesitation in affirmsist. That they should be received ing that the influence for good from into clean, and from their point of this institution has been incalculable view, very comfortable quarters, and it has done much to bring us into friendly contact with people from all parts of the province.

tended by a skilled physician from the The Revolution west and sometimes even by a trained There is no doubt whatever that the nurse and this without any expense to new revolution has broken down all them, is a fact which baffles all their barriers of resistance. During the previous theories and makes an entry Manchu administration the latent opthrough gratitude not only into the position was rapidly dying out but heart of the recipient but through him since the new regime has eventuated no or her into the family and into the opposition of any kind is noticeable. village where the patient comes from, On the contrary missionaries and their and from surrounding villages. Thus converts have been treated with every the medical work is a source of the respect, and during all the wild out- propagation of Christianity second to bursts of unpaid soldiery, no native none, and by its silent and beneficent Christian or foreign missionary was working, makes for the evangelization harmed in any way. That an entire

change in the attitude of officials to- but the millions. Every Christian ward Christianity has occurred is very church should contend earnestly for evident. Sabbath, as a rest day, is the honor of placing their best offer- duly observed in all the government ing of consecrated talent on the mis- colleges. On the calendars issued by sion field, supporting them not merely the government the days of the week by gifts and prayers, but sharing the begin with Sunday and end with Satur- sorrows, the hardships, the isolation day as the seventh day. The foreign and by frequent cheerful communica- month, according to the Gregorian tion cause the missionary to feel that standard, is now the rule. There is no his sorrows are shared and his joys bar to government employ because of mUltiplied by vital contact with his Christianity, and all the heathen ob- native church. The cause of Christian servances are falling out of use. education in Shantung is planned on a It is borne in upon the writer that worthy scale, as regards the future, now is the day of salvation in China and we doubt not that the great need in a very marked and solemn sense. will justify their action and command If the Christian nations of Europe and success. But there is still a wide field America could realize the underlying for the itinerant evangelist, and unless need for Christ which every human this work is faithfully done by men heart consciously or unconsciously and women who are willing to make must feel and which nothing else or for themselves no reputation if so be less can satisfy. Could the Christian that the cause be advanced, then all Church throughout the world hear the other branches of the work will corre- call from heathen lands and think and spondingly suffer. China for Christ in pray over what the command of Christ this generation is not only, humanly as to going into all the world and speaking, practicable, but in the preaching the Gospel to every creature opinion of the writer after nearly 30 must mean in his or her connection, years' experience, never was so easily then might we not expect greater attainable as now.

things than these. In this land of What! have we no Christian states- China at any rate the day of deliver- men in the mother churches who can ance has dawned and the Christian weld the forces of Christian civiliza- Church in the older republic should tion and lead the church in a campaign surely rise to the opportunity and sup- grander than any the world has ever ply the help which the Chinese confi- seen, and proclaim a Christian crusade dently expect and should unfailingly in this ancient kingdom which will receive. There must be also a new speedily place it in the first rank of standard in giving not merely the miteS' Christian nations.

and Triumph In

BY REV. J. L. GERDINE, SEOUL, KOREA HE outstanding feature Among the indirect results of the trial we note a wider interest and IIT l, of the missionary situ- deeper sympathy for the Korean . '- ation in Korea dllring Church both in America and in Eu- ~ 1913 has been the con- rope. Few events in the history of clusion of the so- missions have called forth a larger volume of prayer throughout the c a 11 e d " conspiracy Christian world.

trial" which, in its various stages, has The body of the Christian Church in Korea has been strengthened in covered more than two years. The faith, courage and determination by this testing. Any defections that have charges in this case involved not only occurred have been from among that element as yet ungrounded in faith the character of representative Chris- and experience.

tians, but indirectly cast aspersions The growth of the Christian com- munity in Korea has probably been upon a prominent portion of the temporarily checked by the abnormal condition which has existed during Church in Korea. The trial has the past two years, but it is hoped that the higher authorities will more been concluded by judgments set- carefully guard against another simi- lar police blunder and the possibility .ting free 116 of the 123 men of the repetition of such a condition. The non-Christian Koreans have all originally put upon trial. Judg- along had confidence in the innocence of their accused countrymen. Aside ment against one went by default. from the temporary check referre(l to, the trial has created no obstacle in The records of the various trials the way of their acceptance of Chris- tianity. The effect, indeerl, has been have been very carefully prepared by rather to give them a better under- standing of its meaning and a more trustworthy persons and seemed to sympathetic ear for its message. Some have even been converted as a result compel the acquittal of the men who of this persecution. It may reason- ably be hoped that the rapid growth have been discharged. This record and development of the Koreal~ Church will continue. shows further, that there is no sub- stantial difference in the case against the six men who were sentenced. The courts, by discharging 116 of the ac- cused, discarded as untrustworthy thousands of pages of secret police in- vestigations, and yet retained a small portion of this same record as suf- ficient for the conviction of the six who are now serving their sentence.

The conviction of these six seems to be . an Oriental compromise, based solely upon expediency_ Nothing has been disclosed to discredit any of the men tried nor to show that any un- worthy spirit gbtCJ.ipl> in the Korean CJ:mn:h,

A wakening In

Phili ppines * BY BISHOP CHARLES H. BRENT, MANILA, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS ~J OHN MORLEY, when which has never ceased; the same he was Bishop of the force which made nations of France and Germany and England and Am- . Protestant Episcopal erica-the conscious acceptance of the Christ. While Japan was wrapt Church in New York, in profound slumber, and China was dreaming of her ancestors, the Phil- said that in the waters ippine Islands were partially awak- ened by the one touch which arouses of the Pacific America aspiration toward nationality as a permanence. In Chamberlain's "Founhad a great peril and a great oppor- dations of the Nineteenth Century" we have have this estimate of the tunity. It is always true that oppor- place of Christ in relation to national life: tunity is adjacent to peril, and when "N0 battle, no change of dynasty, we are inclined to be cowardly the peril no natural phenomenon, no discovery possesses a significance which can so shakes us that we do not see clearly be compared with that of the short life on earth of the Galilean. His the opportunity. That has been the birth is, in a sense, the beginning of history. The nations that are not case in relation to the Philippine Is- Christian, such as the Chinese, the Turks and others, have no llistory; lands, for there are some who are their story is but a chronicle on the one hand of ruling houses, butcheries afraid for the American Constitution and the like, and on the other repre- sents the dull, humble, almost· besthat we have evaded the issue and tially happy life of millions that sink in the night of time without leavhave not squarely faced the oppor- ing a trace."

tunity presented both to our nation The Filipinos, however inadequate their belief in Christ may be, are a and for the Filipinos themselves. people loyal to Christ, and therefore they have a hope of national self- In the main we are alive to our op- realization beyond any people of the Far East. So far as Japan and portunity; it has challenged us and China have hope of permanent na- I believe that Americans intend to rise to it. What is best for the Fili- pino will be best for America. VI[e must not be hampered by theory; but we must face facts amI deal with them in the .way' that living men should always deal with living issues.

I believe in the coming Filipino independence; but that independence must be synonymous with liberty; and if so it can not come now or in the very near future. It was not American influence which awoke the Filipino to that corporate self-esteem which emerges ultimately in national consciousness. In the sixteenth cen- tury a force began to play upon them *Report of an address deliy"red at the Mohonk Conference, October, 1913 tionality, it rests solely in Christian- It is no mere chance that related ity. Never yet has a nation been the Philippine Islands to America.

governed purely by politics so as to Consider th~ situation. The Philip- retain. a high national character; ma- pine Islands are cut off from contig- chinery can no more create a nation uous peoples by their Christianity.

than it can create a personality. They fear, and shrink from the Greece tried to keep her national Japanese as a menace. Tho they entity by creative art, and history belong to the Malay branch of the tells us how she failed. Rome built great Mongolian race, and intermar- the majesty of her domain on law, riage with the Chinese is· productive and altho ROJ;11.e stands as one of of good results, they have a rigid the wonders of history, Rome as a exclusion law forbidding Chinese en- nation failed. But when you add trance into their territory. And as the personality of the living Christ to for their Malay brothers to the South creative art and to the power that and West, they have about as much comes through law, then you have intercourse with them as with the such an element of permanence in a Eskimos.

nation that its destiny is immortal. To learn what even an inadequate The process of nationalization form of Christianity does for a peo- among the Filipinos may be slow, ple look from the Philippines to Ma- but it will be sure. It is not politics laysia and we see that' the difference that keeps a nation stable and con- between these peoples is the differ- tinuous. Nor is it a subtle genius ence between darkness and dawn.

given to some and denied to others. The religion of Christ transcends the It is Christianity. That which dis- bond of race, and ignores geograph- tinguishes East and West is not a ical contiguity. The fact that there matter of race or color. The domi- is a higher type of Christianity in nant (i.e., Aryan) West was born the Islands than formerly is in no in the East. It came to the West and smaIl degree due to the fact that the found Christ and was found by Him Protestant Churches have come in who was Himself a son of the Se- with American sovereignty, some of mite East. With Christ nationality them with a Puritan severity, and gained new vitality, so that we now the whole religious situation has been see nations to be sacred, not depend- toned up morally.

ent on dynasties or accidental genius. In Filipino Christianity even tho A nation in this new sense, is the a Christianity which needs to be creation of Christ and will be per- vastly enlightened and improved, lies petuated as long as it is loyal to Him. the directing and conserving force of Christianity is the religion of.perse- the Filipino as a nation. The mes- verance and permanence. The last tizos are already past masters in and fatal blow to the disintegrating politics. What is needed is character nation of Jews was their rej ection of which comes to those who are given the Corner Stone of their race. That facilities for self-realization through which distinguishes the West from the agencies of civilization under the the East is that the West, however egis of the Christian faith. Given inadequately, accepts Christ, and the that and there is capacity in a Chris- East does not. . . . tian people for development. . . .

In the Philippines medievalism, or be feared rather than courted, and compulsory imperialism, was the key- let Us hope that the last vestige of note of government until 18g8. Since Spartish political influence will have then the development into modernism vanished before that crowning phase has been by leaps rather than by even of liberty which expresses itself in progression. To-day the Philippines national independence is considered have a measure of autonomy un- and granted. When those who are known in any existing dependency. I now school boys are old enough and will go further. I know no instance experienced enough to take the lead in history where self-government has in the public life of their people, it reached so high development in a will be time enough to discuss indedependency. The Filipinos received pendence. after less than a decade that which was accorded Egypt in a restricted America has the opportunity of the ages. She can, if she pursues a way only when a generation had course consonant with the demands elapsed and economic and industrial of the situation, stand by at the b11"th efficiency had been insured. I mean of a nation worthy of a permanent a native legislative assembly. The place in the family of Christian na- Filipinos are now their own law- tions. Her effort is not to rid her- makers. self of a difficulty, but to rise to an The most recent experiment of the opportunity and to render a service. It is not so much to reproduce among American government in giving the an alien people her institutions as to balance of power to the Filipinos on create a character that will be able the Commission was the most con- to express in Philippine life and servative measure that could be en- institutions the principles of democacted if they were to take a further racy. The political system developstep toward the consummation of ed, secularized education, material autonomy. An executive order can be rescinded if the privilege granted progress, carry with them dangers by it is abused, whereas Congres- which can be met only by deepened sional action would make withdrawal religious life.

from a position once taken well-nigh The cornerstone of the state there impossible. as here is the Christ. Without en- This step is an experiment, and lightened devotion to Him and to it is for the Filipinos themselves to His teaching there is no hope for prove that it was a wise experiment. nation or individual. In and through Speed in so momentous a matter as Him we believe that there will some the making of a nation is a thing to day be a creditable Filipino nation.

— "Sell that thou hast and give to the poor. . . and come and follow mc." -St. Matt. xix, 21.

When [s the Sple Going to Begin?

See "Men and Missions," October, 1913, page 17.

In South

BY REV. C. H. MAXWELL, NATAL Missionary of the American Board. C.F.M.

ISSIONARY forces in ress. Efforts are not abandoned. But South African missions may not be mM South Africa, especial- allowed to suffer if after faithful ly in Natal, took in efforts they fail to do better lhan good part the rebuke the churches which gave the order. of the Edinburgh Con- ference, which inferreci In evangelism and in education tIle that the present supply of mlSSlon- efforts of the missionary were never aries could adequately cover the field before so successful in South Africa were there cooperation between the as now. The degrading home life of operating societies and a proper lo- tile native is gradually yielding to a cation of the missionaries. Earnest new order of home-making. Superefforts have been consistently made. stition, tho it dies a hard death, is Some progress has resulted. Three losing many of its devotees. Zulu Lutheran societies have joined forces women are arousing from the stupor in a part of their work, Congrega- of their degraded social position. tionalists and Presbyterians have Crusht under the economic pressure done likewise and certain undenomi- of 20th century civilization the South national societies are negotiating African native remains cheerful and terms of union. ambitious. He desires knowIedge and is determined to educate his children. On the whole, however, it must Moreover, he constantly proves his be confessed that larger and effectual possession of the greatest of all faculunion has progressed about as slowly ties-the faculty for God. The naas llave more llistoric attempts at tives are taking the aggressive in union between certain churches at urging their missionaries into new the home-base. Failure comes when fields. The indicaticns are that we at a critical stage the delegate of are at a crisis in the progress of our some prominent society says: work. The labors of the past ninety years are bearing fruit which we have "'vVe don't understand that there is not the reapers to harvest. The deoverlapping. We don't know any- mand of the hour is an increased thing about overlapping. There is corps of adequately equipped native interlacing but no overlapping. We teachers and evangelists to help care can't pledge ourselves to be ham- for at least the natural increase of pered in our work of the Spirit by our past seed-sowing. rules." Serious native unrest is apparent' However it may be at home, prep- throughout the country. The cause aration for union abroad requires a is unfair treatment. The governvision of and a passion for the King- me.?t taxes the native ~ ithout repredom of God which ate equal to and sentation. He is denied the frana little larger than our plans for some given sect. This is a report of prog-

chise. Money lenders charge him prescribed labor area of the Rand. ruinous interest. Lawyers deceive Says the Christian Express: him. Labor contractors, confidence "They saw the strike methods, men, prostitute women and illicit their warlike passions were aroused liquor dealers are active elements of and they were more or less drawn "civilization" which are allowed to into a struggle against authority, law make him their prey. It is no secret and order." that friends of the native in South One thing is to the good, regard- Africa are bitterly disappointed in less of the aforegoing facts. Public the new Union Government. Favor- opinion in South Africa seems to be able laws were expected, but a stone favorably modifying its attitude tohas been given to children who were ward missions and native affairs. crying for bread. The latest hard- Why this change has been coming on ship comes in the form of a Land during the past five years, but with Act which prevents the native either greatest acceleration within the last from buying or leasing l;l1ld and few months, is difficult to explain. which it is estimated will make serfs The best that the writer can 2ay is of at least 800,000 natives now ten- that during these five years-the forants on private land-or will drive mative period of a new government them to the only other alternative of -while the interests of other classe!> moving into native locations and so have been taking shape, so little has change not only their place of abode been done for the native and so and their environment but also lheir many legislative blunders have been means of gaining a livelihood. A last made discriminating against him and chance remains in the fact that the that contrary to the manifest wishes Act appoints a "commission" to re- and advice of those who stand for port within two years a definition of the natives' interests, that the unfairareas within which interests in land ness has itself worked the greatest mayor may not be acquired by na- reactionary appeal. This modified tives. As hope springs eternal we public opinion has not yet netted any now look to this commission for fair- ultimate results. It may still have ness. Its members have an almost remained unrecognized by one who unparalleled opportunity to influellce has not been listening for the heartthe future of South Africa. May it beat or feeling for the pulse of the be for the peace of the country, the country, but unquestionably it has honor of the British flag and the come and has lessened the amount justice of a Christian civilization. of prejudiced criticism against efforts Altho the recent strike of Euro- exert~d on behalf of the native. It pean labor in Johannesburg was at- has also added to the camp of those tended by passion, destruction of openly committed to a course of jus· property and bloodshed unparalleled tice in this matter. And whatever on sttch occasions in South Africa, course the native may take, these bethe most unfortunate feature of the lated rays on the horizon give the event was its influence upon the best promise of daylight that South 230,000 native employees within the Africa has seen in this generation.

OF BEST

CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE lULL, SCHENECTADY, N. Y. Author of Ullo]ding tJ1e Ropes/' "Transformatiqn of Hawaii," ete.

UNION MISSIONARY MEETINGS T is a significant fact these seasons unspeakably delightful was the visible union of all denominamI that the first interde- tions, who, for the first time, forget- nominational gather- ting their party prejudices and par- ing of any kind was tialities, assembled in the same ~ a missionary meeting. place, sang the same hymns, united Stirred by the arrival in the same prayers, and felt themof the first letters from Carey and selves one in Christ. Thomas from India in 1794, a number of ministers of different denomi- "This sentiment was so universal nations resolved to form a union that when Mr. Bogue, in the course society for sending the Gospel to of his sermon, said, 'We are called, the heathen and issued a call for a this evening, to the funeral of bigseries of union meetings to be held otry; I hope it may be buried so deep in London, September 22, 23 and 24, as never to rise again,' the whole vast body of people manifested 1795· their concurrence, and could scarcely Two great results were produced refrain from one general shout of joy." -the founding of the London Missionary Society that sent Living- "If we would move the world a little stone, Moffat and a host of other nearer God, we must all lift together." heroes to the field, and the birth of a spirit of unity among Christians. -Mrs. Raymond. This spirit, begotten of a common purpose to give the Gospel to the BOSTON'S MISSIONARY MAY world, has never died out but grows FESTIVAL stronger and stronger. BY MISS MARY PRESTON, BOSTON, "The unanimity and fervor of the assembly, on entering on this greatest MASS. of all schemes, the evangelization of Young P-eople's Secretary., Woman's Foreign Misthe world, created bursts of joy which nothing could express but sionary Society, Congregational Church tears," says the biographer of David Bogue, one of the leaders of the Every year at half after two on movement. "The Christian world the first Saturday afternoon of May seemed to awake as from a dream, there gathers in one of Boston's wondering that they could have been churches a remarkable audience of so long asleep, while the groans of eight or nine hundred children and a dying world were calling upon one or two hundred grown-ups. them for the Gospel of Jesus OJrist. Badges upon many of the boys and Another consideration that rendered girls proclaim their proud owners to be official delegates to the "Mission- ary May Festival," while the gaily- colored banners in their hands ex-

plain that this "Festival" is held which gifts will be devoted, together by the Woman's Board of Missions with a descriptive leaflet about it, are for the Congregational children of sent to leaders of children's organiza- Greater Boston. tions in all the churches within a radius of fifteen or twenty miles. More than a score of years has Mission Band leaders, superintendents passed since the first rally of this of primary and junior Sundaysort was planned, but beside the nu- schools, of Junior Christian Endeavor merous festivals and parties which societies, of children's clubs, occanow crowd the May time it may still sionally the pastors themselves-are boast increasing popularity among all invited to bring delegations of children and elders alike. Its pur- children. Return post cards make it pose, briefly stated, is to generate possibie for the Board to know enthusiasm for missionary work in whether all leaders have received the hearts of the youngsters who at- their invitations. The second notice, tend and to give them impetus to containing details and directions, is undertake more in support of that sent as the time for the meeting work, both individually and through draW's near. An opportunity is also their societies. The very size of the made to have the festival announced crowd, the friendly rivalry between in church calendars. delegations, the banners borne by the various societies, the rousing sing- The program, which occupies about ing, the opportunity to see and hear an hour and a half, is planned to in- "real live" misionaries, to look upon terest boys and girls between the the secretaries of that mysterious ages of eight and fourteen, and this thing called a "Board," to watch fact is always announced in the inscenes from mission lands acted out, vitations. If older or younger chiland, tinally, the chance to proclaim one's own share in the glorious work dren attend (as they do r), the risk IJY having one's society present its missionary gift-such experiences of being bored is their own. Some can not fail to intensify enthusiastic secretary or other officer, usually a loyalty. Under the impetus gained man, conducts the devotional service by children and elders alike mission- and presides. Frequent singing, led ary work in the seventy or more by a cornet as well as by the organ, churches represented takes on new allows restless lungs and legs life and vigor. a chance for expression. The Piece de resistance usually managed by one The success of the festival is de- or more missionaries, representing pendent upon two things-the atten- scenes of mission work in the foreign dance and the program. Consequently country to which the children's gifts preparations for both begin at least for the year are to be sent, and is three months in advance and no presented by the children of one or pains are spared. A preliminary no- more mission- bands who have been tice giving time and place, announc- thoroughly drilled beforehand. ing hymns, the salutes to the Church and American flags, which are al- Last year, for example, the gifts ways used, the definite object to were all to be used for a children's mISSIOnary who was about to sail for China. The entertainment, there-

OF BEST ME1;'HODS

fore, pictured this new recruit being during the Woman's Jubilee, as fol- conducted from Boston to Tientsin lows: by a veteran missionary, who ex- "Every Sunday-school had so many plained to her and to the audience representatives in a total of 1,200 the various odd sights seen along the children. These dozen or so were way (many of them, such as an old- chosen as a reward for a certain time Chinese school, street scenes, standard of excellence by the officers etc., being acted out upon the plat- of each school. To be chosen was form), and also told the story of the felt to be the honor of a lifetime. Chinese slave girls and other char- These children were taught three or acters whom they met and who were, four magnificent missionary hymns of course, introduced to the audi- until they knew each verse perfectly. ence. After this feature comes the Each detachment had selected a misoffering. Each delegation sends a sion land, and its leader carried a flag of that country. Each member representative to the platform bearing of the delegation carried a similar his society's banner and its gift. The tiny flag. As the procession marched presiding officer reads aloud the into the church and across the front, source and amount of each. Altho young ladies took these flags and this is a long process it never fails stuck them into wire netting to make to be greeted with enthusiasm. The a beautiful background. The prototal offering is then announced. It gram consisted of singing by the amounts to $600 or more, and a large children and four missionary stories."

embroidered Chinese banner is cere- Why not plan for a "Missionary May moniously presented to the society Festival," to include all the children in which has made the largest gift per your community?

capita. }.>.t each succeeding festival this banner is returned and reawarded A UNION SEWING CIRCLE to the winning society.

While such a meeting involves For more than thirty-five years much time and labor, the new life the women 'of the Baptist churches and enthusiasm which it brings to of Cincinnati, Ohio, have devoted one our Congregational children's mis- day a month during six months in the sionary work around Boston is well year to sewing for the families of worth it all. Its influence can not be .home missionaries.

calculated. The society is known as "The Cincinnati Baptist Church Union"

CHILDREN'S RALLY AT HARRISBURG and its meetings are held in the A denominational rally such as different churches. The women of that in Boston, is possible only in the entertaining church furnish a cities where there are several luncheon at twenty-five cents, the churches of the same denomination. proceeds going toward purchasing But an interdenominational rally materials for the sewing. Churches along the same lines could be held that do not entertain the society dur- in almost any community. Mrs. ing the year make a small offering Montgomery describes a very suc- for the same purpose and many of cessful one held in Har:isburg, Pa., the members give clothing. A thank-

offering is also taken at the meet- appoil1t a delegate; make out a proings and the m~rchants of the city gram; appoint a presiding officer (not frequently make generous donations one of their own number) and a secof cloth. retary to take the minutes. The ex- penses were met by a collection taken The meetings are held on the sec- at the meetings. There was always ond Thursday of each month and on a surplus, part of which was used the preceding Tuesday the cutting for a subscription to THE MISSIONcommittee meets to prepare the sew- ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD for the ing. All garments to be made are Warder Free Library. The attencut and pinned together, so that every dance was uniformly good and the thing is ready when the society as- society a great help to the workers. sembles. At the close of the meet- For the past two years it has held ing a committee takes charge of the no meetings, but they will probably clothing and packs the barrel. The soon be resumed. society pays the freight. The formation of this society was The society convenes at ten o'clock the result of an address on "Union and at two, immediately following Missionary Societies" given at Chauthe luncheon, a short devotional ser- tauqua, N. Y., which so aroused a vice is held: While the sewing is Springfield woman in the audience in progress, reports are read and (Mrs. C. C. Fried of the First Presletters from the missionaries. The byterian Church), that on her reaverage attendance is about lOO, and turn she urged her society to take aside from the help it has given the the initiative in forming a union somissionaries, the society has done ciety in Springfield. But the idea good service in bringing the Baptist of federation was new and the women together and providing for women lacked courage. For six them delightful social occasIons. months they prayed over it be-. fore, with fear and trembling, they A PIONEER UNION MISSIONARY finally launched it. One woman only SOCIETY had faith to believe that the first meeting would be a success. But The less machinery there is about when the time came the church was a union missionary society the bet- filled to overflowing and great interter. The simplest form of organiza- est and enthusiasm were manifested. tion is, perhaps, that of the Woman's Perhaps this experience will give Union Missionary Society of Spring- some other woman or society courfield, Ohio, founded more than twen- age to propose a similar federation ty years a'go. in her community.

The meetings· were held once a year CINCINNATI'S FOREICN MISSIONand were in the hands of a committee ARY UNION or three carefully chosen women. Cincinnati, Ohio, has a very enthu- siastic "Woman's Foreign Mission- There were no officers, each com- ary Union," which was organized mittee appointing its own successor. immediately after the Woman's Jubi- The duties of the committee were to arrange for a time and place for the meeting; send notices to the various societi,es with the request that each

01<' BEST :METHODS 13

lee meetings and meets twice a year A FEDERATION OF YOUNG WOMEN in February and September. At first IN PHILADELPHIA there was a single session, but the in- Philadelphia has an "Interdenomi- terest became so great that they now national Committee of Y{)Ung Women continue all day. Five hundred and for Foreign Missions" that might fifteen were registered at the last well serve as a model for other commeeting and the. society is considered munities. as "splendidly worth while." "The Jnbilee Continuation Com- The programs are largely inspirational, the speakers being the best mittee, thirteen denominations, the available, regardless of denomina- Young Women's Christian Associa- tion and medical students are repre- tion and almost regardless of cost. sented," says Miss Mary C. Peacock, Raising money for anything save "and it conducts two meetings a current expenses is not a part of year, one in the interests of mission the policy of the Union, but at the study and one more general in charlast meeting Mr. Wm. M. Danner, acter. Mrs. Montgomery, Miss Mar- American Secretary of the Interde- garet Burton and Doctor Steiner nominational Mission to the Lepers, have addrest us. vVe urge attendance so aroused the sympathies of the at summer conferences and cooperate women that they decided by resolu- with the Young Women's Christian tion to assist the work financially to Association in looking after the Orithe extent of asking each woman for ental students, calling on them, and a minimum gift of 10 cents a year. providing for their entertainment at No one is debarred from giving holiday time, 'etc. larger sums, but emphasis is laid on the fact that these contributions "Plans are under way for a normal must be extra and not be diverted study class early in the year, with from other channels. two representatives from each de- nomination who will repeat the course Since this Leper Mission works in in their own churches later on. Mrs.

cooperation with the Mission Boards Nicholas Mitchell has conducted a and is indorsed by them, and no similar class under the auspices of definite sum is asked for, it forms a the Woman's Continuation Commitlegitimate object for union financial tee, holding it in the late spring and effort. "Just think what it would using the United Study-book for the mean to the poor lepers," says Mrs. (ollouring year, often teaching it W. E. Lewis, president of the Cin- from manuscript."

cinnati Union, "if every Christian TRY THIS CONVENTION SONG woman in America gave. even as At the banquet of the Standard much as 10 cents a year! Do pass it Bearers (an organization of young on as work for missionary unions." women in the Methodist Church) (Lttaflets about the Leper Mission, given in connection with a branch with the name and officers of the con- meeting of the Woman's Foreign tributing society printed in, will be Missionary Society at Delaware, furnished free of cost in any quan- Ohio, the following unique song was tity, by Mr. Wm. M. Danner, 105 sung to the tune of "Auld Lang Raymond Street, Cambridge,Mass.) Syne";

r. Report, report, report, report, as a course of lectures on "Compara- Report, report, report;· tive Religions), a preliminary meeting was held for which Mrs. Montgom- Report, report, report, report, ery was secured as the principal Report, report, report. speaker. Her address served as a Chorus.-Report, etc. sort of boomer for the course and great interest was awakened. Thir- 2. Be prompt, be prompt, be prompt, be teen societies participated, represent- prompt, ing six or seTen denominations, and 450 women were enrolled. The lec- Be prompt, be prompt, be prompt; tures were given in the Baptist Be prompt, be prompt, be prompt, be Church and the average attendance was 300. prompt, Be prompt, be prompt, be prompt. That winter Mrs. Farmer gave sim- ilar courses in ten other centers in Chorus.-Be prompt, etc. Greater New York and its New Jer- sey suburbs. Everywhere the plan 3. We will, we will, we will, we will, proved a success. A great many We will, we will, we will; club women were in attendance and many were reached who had never We will, we will, we will, we will, before taken any interest in mis- We will, we will, we will. sions. In some places Roman Catho- Chorus.-We will, etc. lic.." Unitarians and Universalists at- tended the lectures. Every woman Verses one and two were sung by enrolled bought a copy of the text- all the district and conference officers book, which meant more than 2,600 of them! In some places the fee for in unison; verse three by the Stan- the course was $1.00, the book being included; in others, 50 cents, and the dard Bearers themselves. The song book purchased separately. aroused much merriment, but it is safe to say that those who were These lecture courses were not undertaken to raise money, but alpresent will not again be laggards most everywhere there was a surin the matter of sending in reports. plus, and many women whose hearts had been deeply stirred made volun- Try it at your next denominational tary offerings. These were devoted convention. to various missionary objects, but in- creased giving through regular chan- NEW YORK'S UNION LECTURE nels was encouraged rather than COURSES through the temporary club.

Two years ago, during the winter UNION LECTURE COURSES IN season, more than 2,600 women in BOSTON New York and vicinity attended lec- Under the auspices of the Jubilee ture courses on "The Great Religions Continuation Committee, two very of the W orId," given by Mrs. Will successful courses of lectures have Farmer, of Montclair, New Jersey.

Montclair began it. At the Women's Conference at Northfield in 1911, Mrs. Farmer taught a study class on "The Light of the World."

One of her fellow town's-women, who was present, thought how fine it would be if the women at home could have the same privilege she was enjoying. On her return, having obtained Mrs. Farmer's promise to repeat the course in Montclair if the necessary enrollment could be secured, she went to work to interest the women in the churches.

When the plan had been thoroughly advertised (not as a study class, but

OF BEST METHODS

been given in Boston for the women China held in the evening and atof the city and its suburbs. tended by men as well as women. It was held in a church and the In 1912 the course consisted of a pastors of the different churches series of addresses on "China's New were the speakers. Day," by Mrs. Charles. H. Daniels, president of the Woman's Foreign The attendance at all three of these Missionary Society of the Congrega- courses was large, and the whole tional Church. In 1913 there were community was stirred. five lectures given in Trinity Church Chapel on successive Thursday morn- The Central Committee of the United ings (Thanksgiving excepted) , be- Missionary Campaign asks that Sunginning with November 13. The first day, February 15, be observed as Mistwo lectures were on "Current sionary Day, with special missionary Events," one on China by Bishop features in all the services, in prepara- Roots of Hankow, the other on Tur- tion for the simultaneous canvass for key by Mrs. George Washburn, wife missions and benevolences in March. of the former president of Robert College, Constantinople. The remain- What are you doing about it? ing three were on "The King's Business," by Mrs. Daniels and were il- USING LENT FOR MISSION STUDY lustrated by means of maps, charts and other devices. Course tickets for Lent, with its cessation of social acthe five lectures were sold at $I.OO, tivities and its appeal to self-sacrifice, with single admissions at 35 cents. is, perhaps, the best time in the year for mission study. This is being WHAT THE ORANGES DID realized more and more, and mis- sionary leaders are taking advantage Last winter in the group of New of it. Jersey suburbs of New York known as the Oranges, a campaign of edu- The pioneer along this line was cation was conducted that probably Mrs. Wallace Radcliffe, of Washingsurpasses anything in the way of ton, D.C., whose Lenten study classes interdenominational mISSIOn study in her husband's church (the New that has yet been attempted. York Avenue Presbyterian) have be- come famous. China was the topic and there were three lines of study. The first In Mrs. Radcliffe's first class, held was a series of six studies given by during the Lenten season of 1903, the Educational Department of the the membership was confined to her Woman's Oub on the present situa- Young Woman's Guild, composed of tion in China. Strictly speaking, about 35 girls ranging in age from this was not mission study, but it 19 to 30. The next year they wished served to bring China and its needs to invite some friends from the outprominently before the women. The side and a few of the older women second was a large interdenomina- of the church came in. From this tional study class on "China's New time on the class grew steadily in Day," which met in the morning. numbers and enthusiasm. In 1907, The third was a lecture course on the fifth year, ISO were enrolled, ranging in age from 18 to 70. Only half of these were from Mrs. Rad- cliffe's own church; the rest were Congregationalists, Baptists, Episco-

palians and members of four other Guild, tho each year I work in some from the outside. In assigning pa- Presbyterian churches, together with pers I never fail, except in emer- gency, such as sickness or absence two Romanists and three Unitarians! from the city, to give two weeks for preparation, and I will not have a A conglomeration, Mrs. Radcliffe calls paper read. My 'stars' must talk and my girls have grown in this it. In 19I2, the tenth year, the en- grace. We often smile as we rerollment reached 250, embracing all member the long, tedious papers of the churches in Washington. five years ago. The results of the work have been "I have four, and sometimes five, remarkable. "The personnel of the speakers, six minutes being the time assigned beforehand. I allow, howclass has been most interesting," ever, 'for stretching,' and use my own judgment about the from two says Mrs. Radcliffe. "All kinds have to five extra minutes. In closing, as leader, I summarize, have a hymn, attended, including many society girls and myself offer the closing prayer. The enthusiasm this year was deeper and women who had never known than ever. The spiritual atmosphere, I feel I can say, was more potent anything of missions in their own than ever. churches. One young woman who "I use maps and charts and the did her best work for me (almost by reference libraries, besides other books. The circulation of these books compulsion) is field secretary now as they are needed is no slight task. I have never been able to delegate for a mission board and is remark- this to anyone. Much library work is done besides, of course. The enable as a platform speaker. I sup- rollment, giving out of text-books, the leaflets we occasionaly distribute, pose a hundred or more classes all etc., are all in the hands of com- petent committees. over the country could be traced to "I allow no visitors, unless I ask these classes. Many of them have been personally reported to me." them or they are house-guests of members of the class. I emphasize The following account of Mrs. this because I must have the class atmosphere, not a curious or pat- Radcliffe's methods (somewhat con- ronizing audience. It is the most in- tense work possible to make each sesdensed here) was given by request sion better than the last, to arrange in ~Voman's Work a few years ago. the program so that all the most brilliant stars will not shine the same She says: day, that the new 'Speaker is well set so that if she is a failure the whole "My rules, which I make very clear effect will not be lost, to be critical in printed notices beforehand, are: without carping, and to have no un- Enrollment by purchase of the book, certainty about anything. its careful study, and as prompt and regular attendance as is humanly pos- "'fo take infinite pains, that is the sible. I make a great deal of the 'Sum of it all, with heartily exprest opening devotional service, with sig- appreciation of the work done, to the nificant hymn, and Scripture with doers of it, by the leader, in private. comment, and prayer. I either have If I were to do all the talking mysome member pray or a chain of five self, it would be much less work." or six short prayers, having it all arranged beforehand. Nothing is left to voluntary effort. Every detail is planned. The text-books used are those of the United Study of Missions and the sessions are on consecutive Thursday mornings in Lent from 10.30 to I2. I close as promptly as I begin.

"For the class work I depend largely on the young women of Rly

Mass-Movements

India THEIR DEVELOPMENT, AS ILLUSTRATED IN THE WORK OF THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH IN NORTHERN INDIA'"

BY RE:. THOS. S. DONOHUGH, M.A., MEERUT, INDIA HE evangelization of a midst of the fields cultivated by the local residents. These conditions have mT rJ country so densely had very much to do with the gen- ~ populated as India is eral lines of effort followed by the so great a task and so various Christian missions in India. varied in character A large amount of work is confined to the higher castes, and consists of ,.,.,.. that a survey of even medical, zenana, and educational one division of it re- work, with preaching and distribu- tion of literature in the bazaars and quires close study. To appreciate the on itinerating tours among the vilimportance of the present caste lages. These efforts break down movements, however, they must be prejudice, lead to many earnest inseen in their relation to the whole quiries and to a fair number of contask. The census of 19II reports versions. Converts, however, are apt 3I3,000,000 persons roughly divided to be forced to leave home and all as follows: Hindus, 217,000,000; Mo- its associations, sometimes being sephammedans, 66,000,000 ; Buddhists arated from wife or husband and and Animists, 10,000,000 each; Chris- children and subjected to severe pertians, nearly 4,000,000 (3,870,2°3); secution, including the forfeiture of and others (including 3,000,000 all property rights. Frequently they Sikhs), 6,000,000. must be taken into the missioil com- pounds and taught until fitted to take The efforts and successes of the up some new line of employment. Christian missions have been confined Many valuable teachers, evangeiists, very largely to the class called Hin- and leading Christians are thus sedus. The Hindus have not only cured. The method, however, is a their four chief castes, but are split slow one, and there has been no geninto two great sections, ani: including eral response on a large scale. It is the so-called caste, or high-caste, largely a work for individuals. Hindus, and the other the out-caste, or the low-caste, Hindus, the latter The newer method is the endeavor numbering over sixty millions. These to reach the low-caste people in their castes, high and low, are divided into hornes by families and groups. These many sub-castes, the total being csti- people have less to leave, and, altho mated as high as one hundred thou- persecuted severely, are not made to sand. Representatives of many suffer in the same mea,;ure as high- Hindu castes, and also of all other caste converts. Their persecution sections of the population, will be comes from their employers and is found living in almost every village less personal than that of the highand town, members of a caste being caste converts, which comes from usually in close association with the their own relatives and is deeply felt lower castes grouped in wards, called as coming from those most dear. The mohulIas, in the least desirable loca- low-caste people are essential to the tions. Perhaps ninety per cent. of the people live in villages which are scattered all over the country in the ~ Condensed from The Methodist Review, November-December, 1913.

life of the village and can not be large proportions. In this way sev- driven out en masse. They continue eral movements, each distinct, may their old occupations and support be proceeding at the same time.

themselves as Christians, also con- These new movements are more like- tributing to the support of their pas- ly to proceed from caste to caste tor teachers. From among them through definite work on the part of promising individuals are selected for the missionaries and Christian work- higher education, many of whom be- ers than through the efforts of the come workers among their own l'eople themselves. The members of people and help to raise them. In- a caste usually confine their efforts dividuals rise quickly and often very to their own community. One caste, high, while the mass rises more therefore, is not likely to influence slowly, owing to scarcity of teachers. another directly except in the case of Working for high-caste people is iike a higher branch encouraging a lower, pounding away at a solid wall. Oc- or where many castes are being af- casionally a brick is loosened, but fected and the movement toward seemingly little impression is made Christianity is becoming general. As on the whole structure. On the long, however, as a movement is con- other hand, the low-caste work, fined to one caste, Christianity is apt which is at tIle bottom of tIle sys- to be considered as a matter of that tem, is opening up very rapidly. If caste only. It is, therefore, of very it is adequately prosecuted, the struc- great importance to have two or more fure is bound to fall. General read- movements proceeding simultaneous- . justment is bound to follow, and the ly. The one-caste stigma is thus re- gradual breaking up of many fea- moved and the universal element of tures of the caste system, while Christianity becomes man i f est.

Christianity will permeate all classes Growth now becomes more rapid. In and spTead widely among them. one circuit, soon after a second caste "Class," or "caste," movetnent was entered, inquirers were reported woukl be a more accurate name than from ten different castes, while in one "mass movement" for many of these Conference baptisms were reported developments in India, but the latter in one year from 27 different castes.

has become the popular designation. There is always a possibility of a AU tl1at is called "mass movement," mass movement starting in each caste except certain work among hill tribes, thus entered. Wise leadership is re- is proceeding along caste lines, and quired and generous aid in the be- caste, often referred to in the past as ginning of each separate movement, the greatest obstacle encountered in as small numbers can do little in sup- mission lands, is now proving to be porting the worker, tho trained to an assistance in the growth of the give from the beginning. In the Kingdom. "The process might be United Provinces the mass move- illustrated in mining. When a Uliner ment started among "the sweepers,"

finds a profitable vein, he follows it. and it was looked upon by all the When some members of a certain higher castes as merely a sweeper caste become Christians, they en- movement; but when the great caste deavor to have their relatives and of Chamars began to open up in friends follow them, and the work large numbers, great attention was naturally spreads within the caste. aroused. Wherever they come out Other veins are opened up and fol- openly, the way is opened for the lowed out, and so the work proceeds" general work as never before. It ( Bishop Warne). is ill this connection that the real in- When a movement of this kind fluence of the Chamar movement in starts in a caste it may run through our mission is seen, also the reason it. If an entrance is secured into a why it has had so much attention second C;l,'lte, that also may gather recently. It is the stepping stone to

MASS-MOVEMENTS IN INDIA

a greatly widened work, aside from is the Son of God and the Savior of the fact that it concerns one of the the world, and I want to be His fol- greatest castes in NtoorththeIndBira~hsmeacnosn.J l?wer and to be baptized," we bein numbers only lIeve that we should accept him pro- Being essentially a labor class, it has v,ided .we are able to guarante; con- the largest possibilities, tho many tmuatlon of the teaching so that he Chamars are now little better than shall be led on to more and more serfs. kn.owledge and to a real spiritual Underlying Causes faIth. Some require the memorizing An ~nfortunate misapprehension of the Ten Commandments, the concernIng the manner of opening mass movements seems rather wide- Lord's Prayer, etc., before adminisspread, namely, that they are the result of a 9u~ck and general response tering ba~tism. But memorizing may to evangelIstIc efforts somewhat akin be very dJf1i.cult, and even impossible, to those of revivalists, and that num- bers of people so stimulated are left for persons who have had no intel- without teachers, to sink back into lectual train}ng, and therefore may their old state after the preacher has passed on. On the contrary, such be an unfaIr test. The missionary movements are the result of steady ~nd per~istellt effort along well-estab- must use his best judgment, and none hshed hnes, often with little or no response for many years, as in the should impeach the wisdom of the well-known case of the "Lone Star Mission." The usual method in be- other, but let the fruits decide. The ginning a mass movement is to conduct preaching services and village chief point is 110t just where the COI1- schools among those who seem most vert. stan~s when baptized, provided responsive. In the earliest stages a cordial reception is most unusual. he IS believed to be sincere in his Active opposition may be met or a profession, but the place to which he hearing refused, even with insulting and threatening conduct. Patient en- will be led afterward in his Chris- deavor, however, gradually brings the tian experience and life. It is evipeople: first, to the point of willingness to listen to the message; sec- dent to many close observers that ond, to the stage of interest; third to belief in the truth of Christianity; Gpd .meets these ignorant people at fourth, to conviction of its superiority over the ~ld faith; and finally, fifth, a pOInt far below 'vVestern expecto the pomt of acceptance in place of .the old-t~o it may mean perse- tatIOn, and that they find him much as cutIOn, hardship, and suffering, even unto death. There are those who little children do in the first turning call this "too early baptism." ~f the heart toward him, however It may well be inquired whether, lIttle their understanding of the ulti- ~nate consequences of the step. It IS ours to see that they are given all the care we give tuonfoliltdtliengchoilfdrtehn~' the same patient truth, the same reiteration, the same adapt~tion to their understanding, watchmg over them until we see them established in the faith laalpthseo~ it may be, often grieved by'

when least expected.

Baptism cuts the tie that binds to Hinduism, and until that is severed the man is not in our hands suffi- ciently to make him really responsive to o~r efforts.. "Inquirers" of long 10 the nature of the case, an igno- standmg may slip back in a night be- caused displeased about asroemeourtrsiflte~ rant, degraded people could be asked but when baptizei:l they to come further than is indicated above before cutting themselves off train and lead as far as we are able.

from the old ties. The steps are all The probation system guards the long ones and the results of much Methodist Church from the danger hard ~ork. . When, finally, a man of too early admission into full con- says, I believe that Jesus Christ nection, while also holding the con-

verts far more securely than a sys- vero persecution, sickness, or distress tem which merely counts them as in- beyond the power to bear. When in quirers until their patience may be a district numbering 27,000 Chrisexhausted and they may slip away, dans, gathered in only twenty years, perhaps striving to draw others back there are but two or three helpless with them. persons (relatives of poor workers) who receive a mere pittance in aid, Among the lower castes it is con- such as one or two rupees a month, sidered best not to baptize single in- and where over 5,000 rupees are dividuals save in unusual cases. gathered in self-support per year, When a man becomes ready, he is providing for more than 25 per cent. asked to prepare his family and of the pastoral work, is there any then to prepare others in his village. warrant for doubting the motives of If possible, one waits until several the converts? The work has its hardfamilies, or, it may be, all of the ships and its weaknesses, and low caste in that village, are ready. This motives are met, but who can claim insures solidarity, helps to drive out that this is not true in Christian idolatry at once, to prevent factions lands, where, in most cases, the origand strife, to give added strength in inal motive for accepting Christ is time of persecution from the outside, one of self-preservation, desire for and to insure more rapid progress reward, for heavenly bliss, or rewithout interruption. Before taking union with loved ones ? We grow the step, the inquirers are likely to into higher motives. I f we start with talk with their relatives in neighbor- them it is because we are Christian ing villages, who may be interested, at heart before our open acceptance as previously noted, or who may ob- of Christ, and because we have inject and succeed in stopping the herited or have been taught a vast work already begun. In such cases amount of truth which, in most cases, the worker strives to explain the must be given to these poor idolameaning of baptism and of Chris- trous, superstitious, and deprest tianity to all who are concerned, to people after baptism, rather than beminimize opposition, and to exhort fore. It must be remembered, furinquirers to hold firm. . . . thermore, that while we speak of caste movements, our efforts are al- The people of India are deeply re- wav-s directed toward the individuals ligious at heart. No desire can be in "the caste, and that, to the greatest stronger than that which cries out extent possible, we seek to "present after real spiritual light and truth, every man perfect in Christ," knowand we are convinced that it is the ing that each individual so developed evangelistic note in the preaching will be a power in elevating those which is drawing the masses as no around him. . . . other can. Critics of the work would do well to go directly among the The Developing Processes people and watch them in their simple worship under a spiritual leader. The work of development begins Visitors who have taken time for among a group of few or many famithis have been thoroughly convinced lies usually living on the outer side of the vital character of the work of a village. Near by are groups of and have become its strongest sup- high- or low-caste people each closely porters. If this is apparent to those associated. The worker formerly who can read only the light in the lived among his people, but now that eye or the expression in the face, the sphere of the worker is widening, how much more is it true to those wisdom suggests that the worker live who understand the simple prayers sufficiently apart so as to be accessiand testimonies of hearts crying out ble to all. In many cases the refor God and His righteousness, and quest for this change has come from from whom no other request for help high-caste Hindus or Mohammedans ever comes-except, perhaps, in se-

MASS-MOVEMENTS IN INDIA

who wish us to locate the worker in childhood in the village school, the where they too may associate with better. They are being taught to him and benefit by his teaching. The work as laymen, somewhat like the Christians and inquirers usually need early "class leaders," and to give the to be taught the Gospel in toto. Being preachers most valuable assistance.

unable to read, they are entirely de- They help gather the people for pendent upon the visits of the work- preaching, collect self-support, report er. He gathers them at some COll- cases requiring the pastor's assistance venient hour and proceeds to con- or attention, assist, as far as able, duct a simple preaching service. . . . in instructing the people, and, in Whenever possible, a school is groups, help to govern the local opened for the children and such churches. When able to read the older persons as wish to learn. They Bible, they can do very valuable are taught the Ten Commandments, work. The movement is full of the Lord's Prayer, the Creed, the promise, and is receiving large at- Catechism, Gospel hymns, Scripture tention where the work is developing verses, etc. One aim is to teach as most rapidly. The Sunday-school many as possible to read the Bible. and the Epworth League also prove Everyone who learns to do so be- most helpful auxiliaries, and both comes a possible assistant in instruct- are widely llsed in all parts of our ing the local Christians and in in- work. . . .

teresting other residents. Village The more striking developments school work is also an opening wedge come as a result of higher educa- in the further education of the more tion. Selected boys and girls are en- promising young people. It is sim- couraged to attend the boarding- ply impossible to appreciate the effect schools, where they are taught to the of such teaching until one knows the extent their intellectual development life in a village. To impress undis- warrants. In some cases village chil- ciplined and superstitious minds with dren can go only to the third or the simple prohibitions of the com- fourth class, while others may rise to mandments and the various petitions the sixth, to high-school, or even to of the Lord's Prayer is to strike at college. But even those who can not the very foundation of the old life go high do most valuable work as a of evil, of uncontrolled desire, of result of the higher training in a superstition, and of despair. A new Christian center, and fully repay the life is revealed and made clear by effort made for them, while it is the explanations of the preacher, who usual to find that their children can endeavors to exemplify it in his care go much higher, and that by the of the sick, of the opprest, and third or fourth generation any in- of the dying. In this way many herent intellectual weaknesses are thousands are led into real spiritual largely removed. For such as can life, to conscious touch with God in not rise above the third or fourth Christ, and to a moral life far above class, industrial or manual training the ordinary level, and often irre- is very desirable, and some instruc- proachable .. tion of this kind is advantageous for A still larger opportunity is of- all pupils in the higher schools. In- fered by the children, who may be dustrial schools, however, need to be educated sufficiently to make them properly equipped and operated.

far more useful in their occupations, Those which purpose to teach trades more intelligent in their understand- should do so thoroughly. In many ing of the Christian life, and more cases the present provision is so in- helpful in the cause. In the. future adequate that this is impossible.

there will be a far greater use of Manual training is particularly use- the humble volunteer workers of the ful in teaching the awkward boy' and village. The more they can be taught girl to use the hand and eye to-

gether, in overcoming the common demand far exceeds the supply, and prejudice against manual labor, and few needs are felt so deeply and con- in developing self-reliance and initia- stantly. The strengthening of our tive. Where schools are properly entire educational system is most im- equipped, they are suitable for the perative if we are to have the intelli- more intelligent scholars and help to gent leadership the growing work furnish the community with good demands and upon which its largest Christian workmen of high grade and success hinges. . . .

good principle. While some Chris- The value of higher schools, tians have difficulty in finding em- boarding-schools, can hardly be over- ployment, it is probable that preju- estimated. The contrast to the life dice will soon fade away in the in- in the village is beyond description.

creasing demand for high-class labor, Boys and girls are introduced to a and it will not be difficult to provide life approximately that in a Chris- work for all who are really deserv- tian land. It is not an overstatement ing. to say that this is the most thorough It is from the various higher in- method of evangelization, for until stitutions that the leading workers we have far more and better-equip- are secured upon whose cooperation ped pastors, adequately supervised, and leadership so much of the suc- we can not hope to elevate the people cess of the movement among the in the villages sufficiently to give masses depends. These institutions, them what the boys and girls get in also, are doing a most valuable work our schools: a true conception of in sending out an ever-increasing the Christian life under Christian stream of reliable young men and surroundings and control. In the women who are finding their way schools we lay foundations similar to into positions of high honor and those known in the West. Here large usefulness in the service of the we can make an appeal to the child government, in educational, postal, for a full and intelligent surrender and telegraph departments, the rail- of the will and a dedication to Chris- ways, mills, business houses, etc. To tian service; here we can do indi- find persons in high office who in one vidual work of an adequate nature or two generations have emerged and with satisfying results-and all from the lower strata is now com- these at a cost averaging twenty dol- mon in places where the mass-move- lars per year per child. The notable ment work is of sufficiently long revival of 1906 spread largely standing. It is producing far-reach- through the boarding-schools. Hun- ing effects, elevating the Christian dreds of boys and girls entered into coml1lunity and the work of mi5sions a new spiritual life. Workers of this in the mind of many former detrac- type can carry high ideals into the tors, and hastening the day of larger villages and lead the Christians there things in self-support. Many of into larger experiences.

these educated young men are liberal A notable fact about· the revival in their gifts and in their voluntary was the profound conviction of sin, efforts in local churches, where they the lack of which heretofore has been are most useful official members, local a source of the greatest anxiety to preachers, Sunday-school teachers, many missionaries in India. Conse- and leaders in young people's work. quently, we look forward hopefully They are especially liberal in hell-'ing to the time when these who have had to educate other members of their deep religious experiences, and who families and in providing for those have the consciousness of pardon of dependent upon them. We are en- sin, will be able to go out and lead tirely dependent upon these higher others into similar experiences. This institutions for the supply of Chris- is an illustration of the way in which tian teachers for our schools. The the boarding-school constantly proves

MASS-MOVEMENTS IN

the training ground for higher ideals Under prevailing conditions one misand purer moral life. sionary may be compelled to over- see all that is being done by a large The problem of reaching the mass- force of Indian assistants in a large es is largely one of producillg work- territory. Qur method places one ers. Had we the teachers, we could man (sometimes an Indian) over a accept hu~dreds of thousands of can- district. The district is divided into didates as quickly as they could be circuits under a "preacher-in-charge," taught the rudiments. In the Meerut who is an Indian in almost every District alone, 120 miles by 60, out case save in the centers where the of a population of 3,500,000 it is missionaries reside. The work of estimated that fully 1,000,000 people the preacher-ill-charge is to superare accessible now to the Gospel, of vise the efforts of the men and whom 100,000 are sweepers, 600,000 women under him. Sometimes he are Chamars (among whom move- bas half a dozen, but there are cirments are now proceeding with great cuits with twenty or more workers rapidity), and the balance are of and 4,000 or more Christians. The higher castes. The interest among workers usually live in larger towns caste Hindus and Mohammedans was or villages, and near the larger never so great. Inquirers and con- groups of Christians, but each workverts among them are frequently er may have from three to 20 vilmet, and requests for instruction, lages under his care and as high as with offers of liberal aid or the full T,000 Christians and ihquirers. support of the worker, are more Some have even 40 villages, but numerous than the supply. Some only where the work is growing remarkable movements have begun, very rapidly and the provision is the true nature of which is not un- most inadequate. The workers who derstood until one realizes what it have regular day-schools have fewer means to high-caste people to be villages to care for, but all the workwilling to leave their own and to as- ers strive to spend some time in sociate with out-castes, whom they teaching the children who live near would not touch formerly, but with them. The worker visits as many whom they now mingle and worship. villages daily as time and strength These conditions are found elsewhere permit, and is supposed to cover his in large measure, and there is im- circuit at least four times a month. perative need of increasing our forces The preacher-in-charge is expected immediately to take advantage of the to cover his circuit at least once a remarkable opportunities thus pre- year, to visit all the villages with the sented. The North India Confer- worker, devoting special attention to ence, after 50 years' work, reports those most in need, and to exercise 50,000 Christians, with baptisms one general supervision. The district year from 27 different castes, while superintendent meets the groups of the Northwest India Conference has workers in each circuit three or four gathered II5,000 in the last 20 times a year (in Quarterly Conferyears. The Northwest India Conference averages over 10,000 baptisms ence) , at which times the searching per year, tho terribly handicapped fi- questions in the Methodist Discipline nancially. The crying need is the are asked and reports are given on all subj ects of importance. Preq,chstrengthening of all institutions which ing services are held with the local produce workers, with the necessary support of these workers when Christians and special hours are ready. given to the workers, upon whose Increased missionary supervision is steady development so much depends. also required in many places. Super- When possible, the district superinvision of work of this character de- tendent also goes out into the villages mands the most careful attention. on evangelistic tours with the work-

ers. Ther~ is most urgent need of leaders upon whom the full burden more of this evangelistic work, and is being placed as rapidly as possible, every large district should have a and with most encouraging results. man or woman set aside for it. It greatly encourages the people to see The Opportunity and the Evangelization and hear the missionary, and there is no better method of training work- of India ers than to go with them and show them how to meet the local prob- The history of older mass movelems. It is also the best method of estimating the character of their ments in India would seem to show work and their individual needs. ( I) that, according to the faith of Once a year all the workers are gathered for three or four days in the leaders at the time of acceptance, a district conference. The newer workers are examined in the pre- practically all the people who we~e scribed courses of ,study, reports are given, lectures. ~eli.vered, .in.spiring received have stood firm and their services held, dlsclplme administered, and appointments n:ad:- for the en- descendants have remained Chrissuing year. The dlstnct conference may be held in connection with the tians ; (2) that there has. been a 'Workers' Bible (or Summer) School, which frequently continues for three steady rise in the co~mumty, fro!ll or four weeks, during which ~ll are enrolled in classes for speCial generation to generatIOn, usually .m study and examination apart from the Conference courses. Devotional proportion to the investme~t of misservices are held daily, followed by three or four hours of class work, sionary effort along all lmes; (3) and by institutes, lectures, workers' meetings, etc. As a result, the whole that where, through hesitation or laCK body of men and women go back, refreshed and stimulated, to continue of equipment, further advance was their lonely life among deprest conditions, better fitted to live above interfered with, those who were them and to lift their people. ready to come have not only gone One month in the year is set aside by our whole India mission for an ibnafclku~nbcuest have tried to exert hurtful "evangelistic campaign" in which all upon those previously rethe forces take part. The definite objects are to reclaim any who have ceived; (4) that in most sections fallen away, to lead all into. higher Christian experience and life, .to there has been no marked mass movereach other castes, to help the mquirers to a decision for Christ, and ment following the stopping of one to distribute Christian literature. The which was under way; that is, those students cooperate, especially in the who were received have stood firm places where the schools are located. with their children, but the movement, Special attention is given to prayer, as such ceased. This brings us to consecration, and definite plans for the important question, What is to the work in hand. Very large and be done with the present mass move- fruitful results have attended these ment in the north of India, chiefly campaignS. In all these. efforts !he in the Northwest India Conference, aim is to develop and tram up Indian which is still growing with great rapidity, but which is imperiled by weakness due to lack of leaders and funds? In the opinion of many, it is the key to very much larger progress among all t~e out-castes ?f North India, numbermg many mtl- lions, and through them to the whole situation. . . .

The force of workers is prest to the breaking point, particularly the missionaries, several of whom have given way under the strain. There has been very little increase in the appropriations and i~ the missiona~y force, notwithstandmg the rapld growth of the work. Now the future seems to depend upon such reinforce- ments as will relieve the over-bur- dened workers and rapidly produce

MASS-MOVEMENTS IN INDIA

large numbers of native assistants to vance would be increased by the enter the widening and rapidly ripen- removal of obstructions, also the ing fields. Could several million con- numbers of notable cases of great verts be gathered in a compact terri- evangelists and other Indian leaders, tory in a few years (which seems now too few; the larger number only a question of investment) , a would exert more influence as a profound influence would be exerted community, be better able to stand upon all the people. The remaining alone, to realize their strength, and millions of the out-castes would be to use it in such a way as to exemeven more accessible throughout all plify their Christian teaching and India and the largest victory yet won standards; and the movement would in the evangelization of that or any encourage the many thousands of .similar land would be in sight. heart Christians among the higher classes to come out openly and throw There are marked advantages to in their lot-with all the possibilities be gained by such a forward move- of larger and more far-reaching ment. In the first place, it would movements thus thrown open. offset the efforts now being made by Hindus and Mohammedans to secure The attitude of the people may be these same classes, chiefly for political made clear by one or two illustrareasons, which would make them tions: In one district a man who vastly more inaccessible, and throw could not be used as a worker was away much of the advantages we lost sight of for a time, after which have gained. Furthermore, attention he came to the district superintendent is being drawn to the important fact and told him that 600 people were that these so-called "out-caste" or ready for baptism in his village. The "deprest classes" are in reality the district superintendent found them laborers of India and, in point of remarkably well taught, and sent for fact, probably potentially thy most Bishop Warne, who was fully convaluable asset in the land. The vinced of their sincerity and approved higher castes have an assured posi- of their baptism. The same man had tion, which they will not relinquish brought the leaders of several other easily, while these will enter into village groups, who were also ennew conditions, me.ilt new needs, couraged to do likewise. A most and, especially as Christians, be the promising movement is under way. persons who will most surely bring about the modifications essential to The mass movement requires strong the development of Indian life. faith in the power of Christ to lift those who call upon His name, how- As a consequence, there are strong ever low they may be in the beginreasons why we should aim to se- ning. The work and glory of Chriscure the whole of any class and train tianity, however, is in preaching the all together. The increased numbers Gospel to the poor, who transformed would make self-support more prac- and elevated, evangelize those who ticable, where it is now difficult be- were formerly above them. May cause of the poverty of the little we, with Christ, "see harvests, not groups scattered here and there; mere crowds," in those now accessia united community would more ble, and be encouraged by the results speedily adopt Christian customs already achieved, as well as by faith, and escape from the tyranny of old to take those who seem so ready, ties; the danger of part of the confident that they are His children class turning back and stopping or and among the "other sheep" of His injuring the old movement would fold. be largely averted; the rate of ad-

WORLD-WIDE

MISSIONARY NEWS THE CHINESE REPUBLIC Peking Board of Education, has, it appears, recommended a Chinese- State Religion Opposed Roman alphabet of thirty-nine let- ters as adequate for the expression of ACCORDING to a newspaper re- all Chinese sounds. If this should port, a league has been organized advance from tentative use to a in Peking to oppose the motement larger service in the great Oriental to make Confucianism the State re- land, we may witness the disestabligion in China (described in the De- lishment of the cumbrous system of cember number). This league is sixty thousand symbols by the simple composed of representatives of Mo- and accessible alphabet now provided. hammedanism, Taoism, Buddhism, This, assuredly) would mean much Roman Catholicism, and Protestant for the cause of Gospel truth in Christianity. China.

The Constitution adopted by the Camel Versus Automobile Chinese Parliament made no provision for any State religion, but a re- A PARTY of missiona1'ies were cent Presidential mandate apparently, riding in "rickshaws" on their favors Confucianism. way to the Summer Palace, when they saw approaching a long string President Yuan Shih-kai, whose of camels laden with produce for mandates are now regarded as ap- market. This was no strange sight; proximate to the Imperial edicts of for these ungainly beasts with their the former era, describes the sayings air of nausea, as some one has exof Confucius as "a doctrine of un- prest it, "as if they were seasick in equaled wisdom, which is recognized all their four stomachs," are often as such by many foreigners as well seen in the streets of the capital city. as by Chinese"; "deep as the ocean," But just at this particular moment, .'sufficient altho the ages change," an automobile, a new arrival in the "permanent as the sun and the moon city, carne puffing and whizzing its that cross the heavens, and as the way along, disputing the passage rivers that flow on the earth." with their august majesties. Did they shy, or seemed disturbed? Not Chinese Language School one bit of it! A look of utter dis- dain seemed to hover around their THERE has been founded, under the countenances as if they would say, direction of the University of Nan- "What are you, you upstart of a king, a language-school, the first stu- thing, that you should seek to disdents of which represent eleven mis- turb our repose ? We will not be dissionary societies and agencies. It is commoded in the least!" hoped that, by this means, the enormous difficulties which the Chinese So has the whole land looked upon language presents to the Western stu- the foreign invasion and even to-day, dent will be sensibly diminished. despite the awakening on all sides, Many who have looked on with won- those who work in the country conder during the recent years of revo- tinually meet that supreme indifferlution in China, are now asking ence to all efforts at improvement so whether the time is not ripe for well typified by these "ships of the another revolutior: which shall liber- desert" sailing serenely through the ate the mind of the Chinese people. A conference, organized by the streets of Peking in the midst of elec- China. The great procession filled tric lights, macadamized roads, and many streets, and numerous and automobiles. gorgeous banners were displayed. The most remarkable of all, however, As to the Moslem Population was the one that declared belief in the risen Jesus of Nazareth. It may MOHAMMEDANS are found in be that these heathen mourners were every province, but the greater not wholly conscious of all that the number reside in these: Sinkiang words implied, but it is a significant (commonly known as Eastern Chin- fact that they bore this testimony to ese Turkestan), 'Kansu, Shensi, Shan- their faith, or at least to their hope, si, Chihli, Shantung, Honan, Kiang- that death does not end alI, and that su, Anhwei, Hupeh, Szechwan, Yun- Jesus is "the Way, the Truth, and nan, Kwangsi, Kwangtung, and in the Life." the Manchurian provinces. Now what docs this mean? It means that Buddhists in Despair the bulk of the Moslem population is found from North China right CHINA shows signs that the Buddown to the valley of the great river dhist and Taoist idolaters, con- Yang-tse-kiang, and all down the scious that they are losing their hold 'vI/estern provinces of China. In IO on the people, are .forming societies of these provinces Islam already among themselves for the more defistretches from north to south; in nite propagation of their religions; at least II, men are being trained while atheistic societies, such as the for the office of mullah; and, so far "No God Society," are definitely prea~ is known, no missionary society paring to fight all religions, true or has yet commenced special work false. Vith reference to this, a misamong the Chinese Moslems. We sionary connected with the Bible Soshall probably be well within the ciety writes: mark if we take the conservative estimate of IO,OOO,OOO as the mini- "These activities do not cause us mum number of Moslems in China to despair of the final outcome of to-day. Concerning these millions our work, but rather act as an in- Dr. W. A. P. Martin (one of the centive for being more in earnest in greatest living authorities on China) girding on the armor, and making' wrote recently: "Their influence is further preparations to combat, deeverywhere out of proportion to feat and convert alI those who are their numbers, showing the effect of opposed to the truth. These new their faith." Praise God for the phases of opposition must be met by abundant blessing He has bestowed a new class of literature; and in this upon the general work among all region alone there is great scope for classes of Chinese-Idolaters, Abori- usefulness for the society, in the gines, and Mohammedans; now the preparation and publication of this time seems to have come for special class of literature." and organized work among the Moslems on a scale commensurate with The Tobacco Trust in China the great need. THE greed of men has just received, "Jesus Is Not Dead" a striking illustration in China, where the Tobacco Trust has taken ad- "J. ESUS is not dead." These words vantage of the efforts made by the Chinese Government to free the peo- were inscribed on a banner dis- ple from the curse of opium. While played at a heathen funeral in China we are doing all possible to rid ouron Easter Sunday of this year. The selves of the cigaret evil, it is being funeral was that of Sung Chiaojen, foisted on China. The Watchmana prominent Chinese gentleman, Examiner says: "One of the most whose assassination shocked ail heartless exhibitions of mercenary

greed is the action of the Tobacco pray that they may be wise and Trust in China. All the world knows discreet and faithful to God in all what strenuous efforts the Chinese their ways."-London Chronicle. Government has" been making to rid its people of the opium curse. It has Colonization a Mi••ionary Method had astonishing success in ten yearsa success not parallel in any moral or pROPAGATION by colonization is social reform in history. With fiend- a new missionary method which ish ingenuity the cigaret dealers of the world surmised that the depriva- some Chinese Christians in the provtion of their opium would leave an ince of Kiangsu have been trying unsatisfied appetite with the Chinese with success, and which has in it opium smokers, and they have del- some good lessons for Christians in uged the interior of China with ciga- other places. A new station has rets. Agents have gone through the been opened at Yen Cheng, in north country giving away cigarets to the Kiangsu, in a district between the people, old and young, in order to Grand Canal and the sea, which is create an appetite for them. They large enough to apply for" &tatehood, have, unfortunately, succeeded, so if it were in the United States, and that vast quantities of cigarets are in which there was not a single misnow sold in China. The Chinese sionary of any denomination. Two have escaped one vice only to fall into missionaries of the Southern Presbythe clutches of another quite as terian Church, Rev. H. W. White hurtful." and Rev. C. F. Hancock and their families began the work at Yell Temple Trades Decline Cheng.

M R. T. H. CAREN writes : "We The remarkable thing about this had an interesting case in the station is not that it was opened up person of a temple keeper belonging by two ministers who were willing to the largest and. wealthiest temple to leave the known for the unknown, in Fatshan. He came to a number but that in opening up the work at of meetings, and once or twice re- this new station there was a con&idermained until just midnight talking able company .of Chinese Christians about the Gospel. We were afraid who belonged to Mr. White's work he was merely curious apd had no at Hsuchoufu and who would not be desire to learn; he said that since separated from him. So when he the revolution the money spent at decided to go to Yen Cheng, they the temple in idol worship was very decided they would go with him. much less than usual. I think he These, with their wives and children, was afraid of losing his job. Fatshan making a company of 29, old and is a very nest of temples, idol and young, left their homes and came incense makers, and, like the idol- forth, as they exprest it, on the way makers of old in Ephesus, they have to the Promised Land, regardless of this year created quite a disturbance the wilderness of difficultie& to go on more than one occasion, because through before they should get setthey were losing their trade. They tled. This number included elders, have petitioned the Canton Govern- deacons, colporteurs, medical workment to patronize the temples, to do ers, teachers, and pupils. It is persomething to cause, if not to com- haps the first time in the history of mand, the people to worship idols, missions in China that a new station so that they will not lose their trade has been started by transpqrting a altogether. Needl~ss to say, the Gov- nucleus of a church organization. ernment will not do anything of the sort. We need to remember the As a method of propagation, this plan has great advantages. It brings Christians at ? time like this, and more or less trained men and women into the field, and the new organiza- tion is on its feet at once and ready

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to go forward. It has been tried in Islamic light among Japanese soldiers, many places in the home land where who, in their hundreds and thousands, a strong central church has sent off have acquired a strong literary taste colony after colony of its members and fondness for the Gunjin, edited to live in a location where a church by the editor of this journal for the was desired. It might be used to ad- last two years.' It is gratifying not vantage both in home and foreign a little that a certain number of mission fields, and the Chinese in Gunjin's military readers have Kiangsu province have rendered a evinced a desire to study the tenets service to the whole church in calling of Islam in right earnest." The same attention to the effectiveness of the paper also tells of a Mr. T. Miyasaki, plan of propagation by colonization. who believes himself to be a laUer- day prophet, superior to Buddha or JAPAN-KOREA Jesus, who has written a book entitled "My New Gaspe!." This gentleman, Buddhist and Christian Sects after a long conversation with Pro- fessor Barakat Ullah, editor of the Is- STATISTICS show that in Japan lamic Fraternity of Tokyo, sounded there are I3 denominations and 57 out this note of warning; "Christiansects of Buddhism. Of these the most ity is very dangerous in Japan, so I powerful one is that of Shin Shiu. heartily beg you to drive it out of our There are 7I,769 temples and 53,08I Land of the Rising Sun at the point priests. This number includes only re- of the sword of Islamic power." siding priests. Counting all those en- vVhile such an exhortation is puerile, gaged in preaching and teaching there it indicates the elements of Mohamare 73,047. There are also other kinds medanism which are prominent in of priests and nuns who have done the new movement. It should further duties of either preaching or teaching. be remembered that the first periodi- These number 54,001. These classes cal issued in the Far East for the of priests and nuns make up in all benefit of Chinese Moslems was like- I 80, 129. Besides these. there are wise published in Japan by enlightabout IO,OOO students preparing for ened Mohammedans from China the priesthood. The home depart- studying in Tokyo." ment of the Japanese Government has been gathering statistics of Christians T The Bible in Korea for many years, and the last report HE annual report of Rev. S. A. of the number of believers of the Beck, of the American Bible Sodifferent Churches is as foHows: ciety's work in Korea, shows an ad- Roman Catholic, 63,081 ; Greek Catho- vance in circulation of nearly double lic, 14,749; Nippon Kirisuto, 18,441; the preceding year, being 88,214 Kumiai, 16,115; Sei Ko Kwai, 15,- volumes. The attention of the whole 090; Methodists, I I,763; Baptists, world has been fastened on Korea 4,191; other smaller denominations, with special eagerness and no small I2,246; total, 155,676. apprehension during the past year. "Weare happy to report that our own Preaching I.lam to the Japanese work of Bible distribution has been conducted without interference or BUT hindrances and discouraging criticism on behalf of the authorities." facts are 110t far to seek. For the A very interesting work connected Review of Religions, published in with the Korean agency is its coopera- India reports: tion with Mrs. Rosetta S. Hall, of Pyeng Yang, in the provision of "Mr. Hatano, one of the first three Scriptures for the Korean blind. Japanese converts to Mohammedan- vVith the assistance of the Bible Soism, has started a monthly, AI-Islam, ciety, which provided the necessary for spreading the new faith among his countrymen. In the second number of AI-Islam, Mr. Hatano says: 'We have a capital field for extending

machinery, she has been able to estab- happy combination of Christians of lish a regular printing office by.which various nationalities, missions, and plates are being made for printing the denominations-English, American, Scriptures in Korean, with an alpha- Chinese, Japanese and Koreans. bet arranged on the New York point Those who robed were Bishop Cecil system. Boutflower, the Revs. W. P. Bun- combe and 'vV. H. Elwin, representing Japan's Mission to the West the Church of England; Bishop Mc- Kim and the Rev. C. S. Reifsnider, THE discussion of the question of the Church of America; also the Rev. Japanese immigration to California has dealt chiefly with its dangers. J. T. Imai and three clergy of the On the other hand, Mr. Miyazaki, who is pastor of the Japanese Pres- Church of Japan, who had lent their byterian church in San Francisco, churches for the administration of the believes that his race has a twofold sacramepts of the C. M. S. Mission mission in 'vVestern America-ma- to Chinese. terial and spiritual. It was a great disappointment that "Vhere," he says, "can you find the Chinese ambassador was at the laborers who will do the work de- last moment prevented from keeping manded if the Japanese be excluded? his promise to attend the ceremony, Japanese have come to this country but he wrote a very friendly letter of not only for their. living, but to im- apology enclosing fifty yen toward prove the agricultural conditions of the sum still needed for the building America. They are to cultivate fund. farms, enrich the country and also help to solve the problems of the The next day, Sunday, 16 Chinese, day. 5 English and 2 Japanese partook of Holy Communion, 12 of the Chinese "The mission of the Japanese on for the first time. The words of adthe Pacific coast, however, must not ministration were said in the three be on the material side alone, but on languages, while the service was the spiritual side also. The Japanese otherwise entirely in Chinese." in America are the interpreters of and for our two nations. They Where the Gospel Is News should interpret the American spirit and religion to the Japanese in the C HRISTIANS of the second or Orient, and the spirit and civiliza- twenty-second generation do not tion of Japan to the Occident. By half appreciate what it means that doing this our two great nations will to them the Gospel is "the old, old understand each other better, and the story" while to others it is news. traditional friendship will be per- A woman missionary from Korea fectly cemented. writes as follows in a personal letter: "I went to visit a certain woman "Interpretation, however, is a very whom I have known since coming hard task and the Japanese should here. She is a lady, but not a Chrisinterpret the national spirit of either tian. She was much pleased that I country from a Christian point of had again sought her. After a little view."-The Continent. conversation she said, moving nearer to me as we sat on the floor, 'You Church for Chinese Students in Japan and I are alike, but we are not alike. Why is it so? Is it because AN interesting account of the dedi- you read that book?' pointing to the cation of a. new church for Bible. Later, I asked her to read Chinese students in Tokyo is con- J oh11 iii. 16. She did so, and said 'I tributed to the Japan Quarterly by can read the words, but I do not Mrs. Lombe. We can find space for know what it means. I have been a few paragraphs only. She says: to church, but I could not understand what it all meant.' Then looking at "The gathering was formed by a

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me, in an earnest tone she asked Board now maintains three splendidly ''vVas it that way with you when you equipped missions, the Marathi ~is­ /irst believed?' I wish the people at sian in Bombay Presidency, whIch home could have seen her face and was the first to be established, the heard her ask that last question. Madura Mission, in South India, and When did we first hear?" the Jaffna Mission, in Ceylon. The SIAM recent celebration was held in Bom- Lepers Gifts for Missions bay and in Ahmednagar, the two cen- ters of the Marathi Mission, which T HE Mission to Lepers in India has also marked the anniversary by and the East has one of its most the publication of a very attractive successful asylums at Chiengmai, booklet, with pictures of all phases Siam. Six brick cottages are nearing of the work. A joint commission of completion, which will shelter 96 the American Board and the Woman's lepers, and thus more than double Board, which included a grandson of the capacity of the asylum. The Gordon Hall, one of the pioneer miskeeper, Loong Peang, and his wife, sionaries, went to India for the oc- Nang Kam, who are not lepers, have casion. One striking characteristic two leper children in the asylum. of the Marathi Mission has been the They show a c.onstant interest n?t number of children and grandchildren only in the physIcal comfort of theIr of its members who have come bark wards, but in teaching them the Way as missionaries to the land of their of Life. Eighty of the 82 lepers are birth. believers and have received Christian baptism. The meetings in Bombay were chiefly in English, the principal one, It is said that leprosy begets selfish- which was held in the Town Hall, ness and discontent, so that it is grati- being addrest by a prominent British fying to note a spirit of helpfulness layman, President Samuel B. Capen, among these Christian lepers. A leper of the Board, Dr. Robert A. Hume, woman, a former slave, often minis- the missionary, by a representative ters to the more needy women and of the Indian Christian community, prays with them in their extremity. The head teacher, himself a leper, and by a non-Christian Indian. In takes a special interest in visiting and Ahmednagar, the services were h~ld caring for the more helpless men. in Marathi, and to them came IndIan An even more striking illustration of Christians in large numbers from all the spirit of Christian helpfulness is parts of the Ahmednagar ciistrict, one the fact that the lepers saved, out of quarter of the popUlation of which, their scant weekly allowance, 18 according to the last census, is Chrisrupees, which they asked might .be used in sending out an evangehst. tian. The final gifts for the Cen- Twenty-five dollars provides for the tenary fund, which it had been hoped support of one of these lepers for a might reach 10,000 Rs., were made year. here, and the total exceeded 14,000 Rs. ($4,700). INDIA As a new immediate practical ap- Centenary of Missions in India plication of the increasing vigor of the Indian Christian Church, the REPORTS from India show that Aikya (or Union of Churches) has the plans which were announced decided by unanimous vote that from in these columns for the celebration of the one-hundredth anniversary of January I, 1914, it will undertake to the beginning of the work of the bear the responsibility for the pay- American Board, the pioneer Ameri- ment of the pastors of all the weaker can society, in India, have been car- churches. The 60 Indian Christian ried out successfully. The American churches in connection with this American Marathi Mission have thus entered upon their new century

banded together as a body of mind. The service was conducted in self-supporting and self-governing English and baptism was by immer- churches. sion in the baptistery not long since Self-support in the Punjab added to the church."

THE United Presbyterian Mission in At the time of the census of 191 I the Punjab has been making good there were 100,096 Parsis in India. Descendants of the old fire-worshipers progress toward self-support of pas- of Persia, they are an interesting sec- tors in its native churches since a tion of the population, whose im- revival in 1904 brought the need to portance is not to be measured by the fore. Two graduates of the mis- their numbers only. They are noted sion seminary threw themselves on for their intelligence and wealth, and the untrained Christian community their commercial and social influence.

with the idea of developing a self- They have taken the lead in educa- supporting ministry. At first they tion, for while the percentage of had a hard time, occasionally even literates among the Hindus is only going hungry, but the reward of their 5·5 I , among the Parsi3 it is 71.14.

courage has come. At present there In connection with the baptism of a are 33 self-supporting congregations, Parsi convert noted above, the Chris, paying their pastors from Rs. 15 to tian Patriot of Madras says that only Rs. 25 ($5 to $8) monthly, mostly in 35 Parsis have ever had the courage kind. The mission provides for the and faith to face opposition and per- education of the pastors' boys and secution by publicly confessing them- girls in mission schools. The congre- selves disciples of the Crucified.

gations are composed chiefly of low- I Fruit After Long Waiting caste small tenant farmers, or farm laborers-the landlords being rich N a letter from Purneah, Rev. T. Hindus and Moslems. At first a group of three or four contiguous Watson, of the Baptist Missionary villages will provide a pastor's sup- Society, tells a story which reads like port. Then, as the churches grow, a chapter in the Acts of the Apostles. they are each able to support their own pastor. The United Presby- While on a visit to the Khagra meta, terian Mission holds Bible schools in each important center in the cold sea- he was mourning the lack of results son, staying a week or more in a after years of work, when a man place. Here pastors and native named Nawa Singh presented himself, workers get further systematic train- saying that he h.ad been looking for mg. the missionary for some time! It ap- peared that the man had been instruc- ted in the truth by Prem Chand, who on his death-bed had handed him a Baptism of a Parsi Convert copy of St. John's Gospel in Bengali, which he had received from a mission- O N October 3d, Goulbai Grace ary some fifteen years before. A little Jehangirsha Vakil was baptized company of inquirers had been readby the Rev. Canon Heywood in Gir- ing the well-worn pages, and several gaum Church, Bombay. Miss Bailey, were now desirous of being baptized in giving an account, says: as disciples of Christ. During five days spent in the village in which these "A great deal of interest had been people live, Mr. Watson was engaged aroused over the baptism, owing to "the whole day and far into the night" Goulbai herself not wishing to keep dealing with inquirers; and several it a secret from her relatives, and were added to the Church. even writing beforehand to the Parsi high priest to inform him of her in- tention. This resulted in great op- One Text Evangelism in India A position, her parents and other rela- UNIQUE method has recently been employed by the Methodist tives using all the arguments in their power to persuade her to alter her Mission in Hyderabad, Deccan, ior

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a very successful campaign among cust the matter farther. In the mean- the low-caste people. After a pro- time an effort is being made to find longed time of prayer the preachers just the man for this important work, . went out in all directions. They all so that there may be no delay in agreed to preach from the same text action as soon as the final policy has -John iii. 16. That was the word been determined. they were to take everywhere-that and nothing else. They were told Buddhists Adopting Christian Hymns never to leave a village and go to another until some one in that vil- A Buddhist priest in California has lage had learned the text, and so modified some of the Christian could pass it on to others. In this hymns so as to suit his faith, and is way the people themselves became making use of them in the religious gospel messengers. The effect has services conducted by him. One of been that people have been wonder- the good old hymns runs as follows: fully moved to repentance and faIth. o for a thousand tongues to sing 'When a second campaign was planned the word agreed on was My holy Buddha's praise; Rom. x. 9, "If thou shalt confess The glories of my teacher great, with thy mouth Jesus as Lord, and shalt believe in thy heart that God The triumphs of his grace. raised him from the dead, thou shalt be saved." The same method was Buddha, the name that kills our fears, pursued, with similar results. Whole That bids our sorrows cease; villages were brought under the power of the gospel. 'Tis music in the speaker's ears, 'Tis life, and health, and peace. A Mi…ionary Survey of India Hear him, ye deaf; his praise, ye THE National Missionary Convel1- dumb, . tion, which was held under the Your loosened tongues employ; chairmanship of Dr. Mott, arranged Ye blind, behold your Buddha come; for a new and thorough survey of India from the point of 'iew of mis- And leap, ye lame, for joy. sionary operations; a provisional Sur- vey Committee, representing all sec- Modifications have been made of tions of India, was appointed, but it "Nearer, My God, to Thee," and "Joy was understood that the work of the to the World."-The Pacific. survey was to be superintended by an expert who should give his whole time Ramabai'. New Work for Indian Women for two years to this work. The salary and expenses of this survey secretary AN interesting effort is now being were guanmteed by Dr. Mott. Imide in behalf of the high caste Maharatta population of India. Some The convener of the Survey Com- of the social leaders have apparently mittee announces that there has been lost faith in all religion, and unless an unforeseen delay in the appoint- something is done at once such peo- ment of the man to conduct the pro- ple are likely to develop into atheists posed survey, due to a feeling on or agnostics. the part of some members of the Continuation Committee of the Edin- To meet this need, Pandita Rama- burgh Conference that the' method bai, the famous founder of the in- proposed for making the survey was dependent Christian work for India's open to objection. Under these cir- chiIJ widows, has sent he· daughter, cumstances, Dr. Mott has thought it Manoramabai, with a group of help- best to postpone definite action until ers, to open work for women at the Continuation Committee had dis- Gulbarga, South India, and, if possi- ble, to establish a school there for Brahmin girls. The married women, whose household cares fill the fore- noon, asked for afternoon classes, and many Brahmin women, wives of lawyers and other professional men,

have attended them. They are very broad and deep, the foundations of eager for an education, but do not an eventual Christian state. They want to take up Bible study, which, have as agencies for the prosecution however, is obligatory in Christian of the work, fine model translations mission schools. of the Bible, the leadership in edu- Testimony Under An Anesthetic cation throughout the land, a great medical force in the shape of ten A YOUNG caste Hindu recently hospitals with more than roo,OOO underwent a serious operation in patients annually (half of them Mos- the Thoburn Methodist Hospital, at lems), and 60,000 living witnesses Nadiad, and while under the anes- for Christ. thetic he repeated the Lord's Prayer, Mission Progress in Turkey the Apostles' Creed, and the Ten T Commandments. Then he prayed to HE overthrow of the Turk's politi- cal power will humble him and Jesus. This young man had stated upon entering the hospital that he make him more ready to listen to was a Hindu, so that the doctors the Gospel. He has been proud, over- were much astonished at his knowl- bearing, bigoted and self-conceited.

edge of the Christian ritual. When He is being disillusioned rapidly and questioned, a few days later, he re- the time is coming when he will see plied, "Yes, I am a Hindu, but I himself in the true light. Meanwhile learned these beautiful words from the Scriptures have been circulated the Methodist preacher in my village. far and wide among all classes of And I like them so much it is a com- people in the empire. Many Turks fort to repeat them." are reading the Bible; and so are the MOSLEM LANDS Arabs, Greeks, Armenians and others.

The New Turkey It is believed that when religious frweiel-l dom becomes a reality, many FOR 92 years the missionaries in Turkey have labored to get the come out and confess Jesus Christ as spirit and power of the Gospel into Oriental Christianity, and God has Savior and Lord. There is also the granted them a large measure of success. The revolution of the Young process of enlightenment going on in Turks in 1908, by the overthrow of despotic rule, by the establishment of a the great Oriental Christian churches. responsible ministry, by a parliament to enact laws and control the public There are great reforms projected in purse, by the guarantee of liberty of public assembly, liberty of travel, the Greek and Armenian churches, by liberty of the press, and liberty for Moslem children to attend Christian their own members who have been schools-this revolution started a new era and opened a new door of influenced by the Christian mission approach to the Turks. The Turks now recognize that they can not sur- schools, colleges and hospitals in the vive as an independent power without the sympathy of Europe, and that land. The native Protestant churches they can not get the sympathy of Europe unless they secure equal rights have had no small part in these mat- ters. All this is most encouraging for the progress of Christ's Kingdom.

When the Oriental churches become truly transformed and purified by God's Spirit working in them, they will testify with overwhelming power to the truthfulness of Christ and Christianity before their Moslem brothers and the world.-Baptist Mis- sionary Review.

to all their subjects. Despotic Mo- The Potent Medical Wedge O hammedan rule has com,~ to an end. NLY a few minutes' walk from where Jesus talked with the Now, the missionaries, improving the present opportunity at God's C0111- woman of Samaria by the wellside is mand, purpose to establish the King- a missionary hospital. Its physician dom of God in Turkey, and to lay, tells you of some of his patients. One

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

is a Bedouin, whose long, bushy hair, whether West Africa furnished for as black as coal, hangs down his mission effort a field worth working back. He looked wild enough when on aggressive high-pressure plans. At he came to be treated, but he has be- the end of the ten-year period, the come gentle enough during his stay success is triumphant. The native there; for the doctor, known in Mos- force assisting in the spread of the lem lands as "hakim," has removed mission has in this decade increased from his back an enormous tumor from fifty-five to 257, the commuweighing eighteen pounds, reminding nicants from 1,852 to 4,044, with one of the burden borne by Bunyan's 15,247 catechumens. Meantime, the Christian. Best of all, he has learned pupils under missionary instruction that he can get rid also of the bur- have gained at an even more remarkden of his sins. On the other bed is able ratio, increasing from 963 to an orphan, Mahmoud, whose relatives 9,564. have turned him out on the streets, and from ill-treatment his foot has But most triumphant of all, perbecome gangrenous. He takes refuge haps, has been the vindication of the in the mosque, but is driven thence policy of placing the burden of exbecause of the offensive odor coming pense on the natives themselves. The from his foot, which is alive with board pays the salaries of the mismaggots and hangs only by the sionaries, but all other expenses of sinews. A dangerous amputation and the native churches are paid by the a secondary hemorrhage threatened African membership. his' life, but after some weeks of loving care, he hobbles merrily away Islam in Lagos upon a wooden leg made for him by the local carpenter. S1. Augustine's AN outward sign of the advance of bed is occupied by a poor woman, Islam in West Africa has been whose brute of a husband beat her so furnished by the opening of a new cruelly that large abcesses formed, mosque in Lagos which has ueen but the doctor had to remove several erected at a cost of more than 12,000 of her ribs as dead bone. 'When she pounds. The headmaster of the entered the hospital she was sad and government school for Mohammeill, but after her stay was over, she dans delivered a remarkable address became much brighter, due partly to on the occasion in the course of renewed health, but also to the work which he exprest his gratitude for of Christ in her heart. What hap- the assistance Islam and Moslems had pened in Nablus, the Shechem of received 'from the government by the Bible times, is happening all over the establishment of the school over Moslem world. Mohammedans hate which he presided, arid in various Christians, and oppose them in many other ways. He referred to the beways, but they can not resist their ginnings of Islam at Lagos as fol- Christ-like work of healing. lows: AFRICA "At the' latter part of the eigh- teenth century, about the time of A Successful Experiment King Oshilokun, the fate. of Islam was indeed hard. The unfortunate A VALUABLE contribution to the I-Iausa bondsmen who, in their tear- 1'- history of missionary adminis- ful journey in slavery to this place, tration is to be found in a booklet had brought with them the seeds of issued by the Presbyterian Board en- Islam, found here but barren soil, and titled "The Testing of a Mission," everywhere they turned their lot was which tells the story of a ten years' hard. To avoid a grievous fate they experiment undertaken by the board were obliged to hide their heads in West Africa in 1903 to find out and say their prayers in the strictest by the demonstration of experience privacy-alone in secluded chambers, and often in dreary attics. As time passed by, in spite of persecution, the

worshipers of the true God m- motor bicycle has resisted the attack creased in numbers!' of a rival motor, and whereas the pieces of the assailant were gathered Christian Activity Among Students and carted to the nearest garage, the Colonial Mission bicycle took its rider T HE student movement in South home. On no occasion has a preach- Africa has 6,07I members, 5,420 ing appointment been missed, and to of whom are boys and girls. Ninety bush dwellers, some of whom for per cent. are connected with the Bible years have had no opportunity of atstudy circles. The movement sup- tending a religious service, the Gospel ports its own missionary in British has been preached. An experienced Central Africa and 52 orphans at the 1110tor-clclist estimated the petrol cost Kaira Orphanage, Gujarat, India. Of for 5,000 miles to be £10; in West its 31 student volunteers, 14 arc on the field, working in British Central Australia, where petrol is 25 pel' cent. Africa, Southern Rhodesia, Nigeria and in South African mission fields. dearer, 6,000 miles have been covered Affiliated with the movement is a at an expense of only £8. Teachers' Christian Association, binding together teachers in distant and Christian Endeavor in Hawaii solitary farm schools, and doing much to awaken interest in Bible study SINCE the inauguration of Enamong the children in their charge. deavor work in Hawaii, the Besides this over 2,000 adults have churches, especially the Hawaiian taken to Bible study in these stu- churches, have experienced new life.. dent circles, using the Student Move- There are now 68 Endeavor societies ment text-books. in Hawaii, with an enrolment of 3,132 members, the majority of whom THE OCEAN WORLD have already become faithful mem- bers of the Church. For the coming Missions on a Motor-bicyc:le in Australia year there will be a campaign for the increase of societies and members, I N -Vest Australia, where men are and it is hoped that the figures at the compelled to lead the "strenuous next annual convention will be greatly life," Superintendent Wieland has increased. In nearly all of the had a lively experience with the motor churches the societies are depended bicycle which the friends of Colonial upon for the solution of many of the Missions presented to him. The Sab- church problems. bath Day journey on the' "wheat belt" has rarely been less than 40 NORTH AMERICA miles and three services, and Mr. -Vieland says that as many as 72 The Congregational Missionary Policy miles have been covered and the three services held. During the year, T HE Commission on Missions, for the motor bicycle experiment was which was appointed by the Cononly started I2 months ago, all sorts gregational Council at Kansas City, and conditions of roads have < been has summoned the denomination to faced, and from none of them has an Every-Member Canvass for the there been a retreat. Mr. Wieland missionary budget, during the first has been stranded on sand plains and three months of 1914. This canvass bogged in salt lakes; he has plowed is defined as an organized, adequate through flowing streams dnd been effort, by a representative and trained thrown when taking an anthill. He committee, to reach through a perhas traveled by the 5ide of the rail- sonal visit, and within a limited time, way for miles, with a ditch on one every member of the church, conside and protruding sleepers on the gregation and Sunday-school, with other; has paced the lonely track of an opportunity to contribute to the the settler in the midnight hour, as whole work of the Kingdom of God. well as in the midday glow. The It is a part of a comprehensive mis- sionary policy which includes Mis- sionary Education among Adults; to

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

teach church-members the real value a religion of protest, but has become of missions, and Missionary Educa- very aggressive. For a long time it tion in the Sunday-school, with a has led in religious and social work view to the church of the future; to in some of our great cities, and now be conducted as an integral part of it is turning to other lands. This is the religious education which the partly due to the fact that several of Sunday-school is designed to fur- its most prominent leaders have come nish. back from the Far East enthusiasts over m1SSlOns. Ex-President Taft The fundamental purpose of Con- takes every opportunity to advocate gregational missionary policy is ac- them, and is almost as much of an cordingly, "the enlistment, first, of enthusiast as a foreign missions secevery church and, next, of every retary of any denomination. Presichurch-member in a support of the dent Eliot, Professor Peabody and societies that is both intelligent and Dr. vVendte have recently been in adequate." Japan and Turkey, and have evi- dently been stirring the denomina- American Board Endowment Fund tion to action along missionary lines. All three of these men took part in T HE American Board has 33 in- the conference and urged the Uni- stitutions of a higher type under tarian Church to establish itself in its charge, 19 being collegiate and 14 foreign lands. theological. In these institutions, with their preparatory departments, Reorganization of the Presbyterian over 7,000 students are under instruction. Nearly all of the 5,000 Home Board native Christian workers in the 20 missions of the board were trained FOLLOWING recommendations in these schools. It should be re- adopted by the General Assembly membered that one-half to five- at Atlanta last year, the Presbyterian sixths of the expenses of these Board of Home Missions recently schools come from local sources. considered the report of its sub- These institutions have hitherto been committee on reorganization, and clependent on annual appropriations endorsed a complete scheme of refrom the board's treasury. It is now organization, which is to be reported being planned to put them on a to the next General Assembly. Dr. more satisfactory basis. A fund of Charles L. Thompson, secretary of $2,000,000 is being raised to this the board, outlines the objects of end. Half of this has been con- this reorganization as follows: tributed by the family of the late D. Willis James and $369,000 has "To bring the board into closer recome into the fund from other lation with the field by securing the sources. appointment of a secretary with head- quarters on the field who shall have Unitarians to Take Up Missions general oversight of all work of the board in the territory now under the T HE papers of Boston recently field secretaries. gave an account of "The First Unitarian Missionary Conference," "To simplify the work by coordiwhich was held in Channing Hall. nating the departments and bringing The thing that surprized some peo- them under more definite secretarial ple was the fact that the Unitarians had become interested in missions. supervision. The thing that sUI'prized others was "To provide some plan whereby the realization that they had not been, that this was the first confer- the various sections of the country ence. But the congress is the fruit may be more adequately represented of a new spirit that has come over in the counsels of the board. The Unitarianism, It seems no longer need of some such provision has long been felt by the board."

Work of the Federal Council of Prominent white friends of the Indian were also present. Churches Altho questions of education, re- AT the annual meeting of the ligion, sanitation, and morality oc- ~xecutive Committee of the cupied the greater part of the time, Federal Council of Churches, re- some thought and discussion were cently held in Baltimore, Rev. Henry given to tribal matters. K. Carroll, LL.D., the well-known religious statistician, was elected as- The lack of schools on the Navajo jociate secretary. Reservation came up for discussion, and it was stated that in spite of Among the significant items in the treaties making definite promises, report of the secretary of the coun- there are still 6,000 children who cil, Rev. Charles S. Macfarland, have never been to school a day in were the plans for a campaign of their lives. Superstition is rampant, religious activities and provision for the medicine man is the real ruler exhibits and congresses in connec- of the tribe, and hundreds are paytion with the Panama Pacific Exposi- ing the terrible toll that dirt and tion; the endeavors of the council to disease exact. The Eituation 011 fh( keep the exposition free from the Black Foot Reservation seems little exploitation of commercialized vice, better, and the story of Indians who and the recent developments in last winter starved to death made united evangelistic effort. The one wonder if we are really living in efforts of the council to secure an the midst of Christian civilization. adequate number of chaplains for In the platform adopted by the conthe army and navy were continued ference great emphasis was laid upon by the appointment of a committee to the importance of having the political interview the President, the Secre- status of the Indian defined and the tary of the Navy, and the Secretary Indian claims settled. of War. Laymen's Movement in Canada The next meeting is to be a joint assembly of the Executive Commit- THE annual meeting of the Laytee of the council, the various com- men's Missionary Movement of missions and denominational boards Toronto, held recently, gave great and departments whose interests are satisfaction to all who have been common with those of the commis- active in the movement. Six years sions. It is expected that this as- ago, at the inaugural meeting, the sembly will be held at some point in sum of $soo,ooo was set up as the the South, probably at Atlanta, in amount Toronto churches should give December, 1914. It will bring to- annually to the work of missions. gether practically all the working de- The report of the executive commitpartments of the 30 denominations in the council. tee for 1912-13 shows that no le% than $S62,I01 has been contributed The Betterment of American Indians during the year, the Baptist churches giving $85,146. With the utmost en- THE third annual conference of thusiasm it was resolved to raise the the Society of American Indians, objective for the annual offerings to held in Denver, October 14-20, wal:. $75°,000. The company was favored marked by a hopeful spirit of unity with an address by Sherwood Eddy, and enthusiasm. The growth of the national Y. M. C. A. secretary for organization has been gradual but steady, and proves the increasing Asia, on "The Awakening in Jhe faith of the Indians and their white East," in which the conditions as refriends in the usefulness of the vealed in evangelistic and other movement. Between 60 and 70 meetings in connection with the reactive members, representing a large cent tour of John R. Mott, were set number of tribes, were re~istereq. forth,

WORLD-WIDE 1TISSIOXARY NEWS r57

SPANISH AMERICA 111 missionaries, a membership of National Sunday.school Convention in 23,000, and all income of 1r8,000.

Cuba In 1874 the income was iI84,o00.

L AST lovember the SeveIth An- In 1912, with 385 missionaries and nual National Sunday-school Convention of Cuba was held in the 336 indigenous ministers, a membercity of Cardenas. Three days were occupied by the Sunday-school con- ship (excluding that of conferences vention proper and another by a convention of the United Young Peo- iClhOrWi~tiinadne p endent) of 12o9,f333~87a,n1d38,a ple's Societies. community There were r69 registered dele- the mcome was 1197,r68, of which gates, representing neariy all the Protestant churches of Cuba and iI43, I 50 came to the Wesleyan treacoming from all parts of the island. The program was composed of de- sury from current home sources. votional exercises and Bible study, reports of the year's work, and plans Y. M. C. A. and Foreil'n Missions for the coming year, with demonstrations of classes in the various grades THE possibilities of the Y. M. C. of the Sunday-school and several A. as a center of missionary enconferences on principles and methods. thus,iasm appear to be inadequately realIzed. Mr. R. Consterdine de- The spirit of confidence and. fra- scribing a missionary conferen~e at ternity among the denominations is the Henley-on-Thames Association very marked and the fine fellowship says: "The conference has created among the delegates, regardless of not merely an impression, but a real race, color or church connection, was and practical enthusiasm among the one of the most precious features of membership.. New SUbscriptions the convention. The v,·ork for the have been gIVen, former contribuchildren and young people of Cuba tions increased, collecting-boxes is the most promising field of mis- g~ven out, and a ~issionary readingsion activity and the church is cen- CIrcle on the pomt of formation; tering its attention on these depart- and, perhaps what is more encouragments in a way that mu::;~ bring re- ing than all, prayer-life has been sults. deepened along the lines of mis- sionary enterprise. May the time be EUROPE-GREAT .BRITAIN at hand when every British associa- A Century of Missionary Growth tion shall give the foreign work its rightful place on the program! If O NE hundred years ago was laid our religion is false, we are bound the foundation of Methodist to change it; if it is true, we are missions in the East. Tn r8r3 the bound to propagate it." mortal remains of Dr. Thomas Coke, saint and martyr, consecrated the THE CONTINENT Indian Ocean, and a month later his band of companions claimed Ceylon European Royalty and Missions for Jesus Christ. In that same year a missionary society was established THE attitude which is being taken in Leed.s, the example Lting fol- toward missions by some of the lowed in other parts of the country. Growth was rapid. The first annual present sovereigns of Europe is of report on missions, dated 1789, shows more significance to the churches in an income of ir,404 and an ex- their respective countries than demopenditure of i I ,472-even then there cratic Americans perhaps can realize. was a deficit. In 1816 there were Twice lately King George has ex- prest his deep sympathy and per- sonal interest in missionary work. He communicated his good wishes to the members of the Laymen's Missionary Union who met in Swan- wick, and to the Wesleyan Mission- ary Society when it celebrated its

centenary. On both occasions his tives of the Baptist, Methodist, and words showed that he was not only Congregational churches of the counspeaking as head of the nation, but try met for spiritual edification, for as a Christian man. business, and to compel counsel to- gether as to how best to work for the In November, when The Hague good of the beloved fatherland, espewas the seat of the meeting of the cially in this time of its distress. De- Continuation Committee of the Edin- nominational lines were obliterated. burgh Conference, Queen 'Wilhelmina Only few and slight symptoms of took the occasion to write to the com- what looked like jealousy or party mittee, and cordially welcomed the spirit were observable. The scheme members, declaring "her affinity of was well launched, and promises most soul with the grand task that is hopefully for the future. aimed at by the continuation of the affairs of the Edinburgh Confer- The congress appointed a commitence." tee to present at its closing meeting a report of practical suggestions, Missionary Interest in Holland drawn from the business meetings and from topics discust according to T HERE has recently been a distinct the program, which were adopted, growth of missionary interest in and are to be published in the evan- Holland and progress has been made gelical organs, and prest by all toward cooperative action. Three pastors and preachers. They cover Missions-the old Rotterdam Society, the two fields of endeavor after the Utrecht Society, and the Commit- spiritual revival, and renewed recomtee for Sangi and Talant-have united mendation of the evangelical literatheir forces and are jointly operating ture.-The Orient. a college l!-t ~ott~rdam for the trait?– ing of mlSSlOnanes. A proposal 1S OBITUARY now under consideration of acquiring larger accommodatipn and of inviting Mrs. Jared W. Scudder the cooperation of the Rhenish Society. Missionary Study Circles have I NFORMATION has been received been organized under the guidance of of the death, on December IO, in young Gunning, a son of the Director Palmaner, India, of Mrs. Scudder, of the old Rotterdam Society, and a the widow of the Rev. Dr. Jared W. Missionary Study Council has been Scudder, who died in India in 19IO, formed to superintend the publication after completing 55 years of missionof suitable literature, while the Inter- ary service. He was the last of the national Conference at Lunteren (in seven brothers who for so many 191 I) had its full share in developing years constituted so large a part of the missionary spirit. These signs the Arcot Mission. give evidence of a revival of ':ll!ssionary interest, and of a recogmtlOn on Mrs. Scudder passed away from the part of Holland of her colonial her earthly activities on her eightyresponsibility.-B. Hitjer. second birthday after having given 58 years of her life to the promotion An Evangelical Bulgarian Congress of the Kingdom of our Lord in India. Hers has been a singularly T HE year 1913, so sadly memor- useful and influential life. Her per- able for Bulgaria politically, has sonality has entered into the lives of been marked by an event that ought a large number of the Hindu girls to be of great and beneficent signifi- who have been trained in the boardcance for the country, tho but little ing-schools of which she had charge, notice was taken of it in the news- and who have subsequently become, papers. This was the assembling in many of them, the wives of pastors, Sofia of the first Panevangelical Bul- evangelists and catechists of the garian Congress, in whicl} representa- mission. AND MISSION LANDS THE CONTINUAT1()N COMMITTEE CONFER- This volume does not include the ENCES IN ASIA, 1912-1913. By John R. stenographic reports of the confer- Mott, LL.D. 8vo. 488 pp. $2.00. For ences, which would have evidenced sale by Student Volunteer Movement, 600 the sanity of the conclusions which , Lexington Avenue, New York. 1913. sometimes scarcely seem wise. If the critic had these reports before This "brief account of the con- him and could know the arguments ferences, together with their findings underlying certain findings, his oband lists of members," constitutes j ections would, no doubt, disappear. one of the most weighty contributions to the science of missions ever The subjects discust are: Survey published. While the nine-volume and occupation of the fields; evanreport of the Vorld Missionary Conference, held at Edinburgh in 1910, gelistic work; the Christian Church, embodied the condensed opinions of with its' various problems; the vastly a larger number of experts on the important subject of Christian leaderfields, digested and formulated by ship; the training of missionaries for their demanding tasks; Christian edusome 160 specialists in the sending cation in its lower and highest forms; lands, those eight commissions were its correlate, Christian literature; coobliged to take a world-wide view of operation in its rapidly growing the topics discust and hence could phases; medical missions and prepanot apply the conclusions to specific ration therefor; and work for women fields. These 21 conferences discuss of non-Christian countries.

most of the subjects of the Edin- Dr. John R. Mott, who headed burgh Conference, with such im- the group of five men constituting portant additions as medical missions the delegation, writes a prefatory and woman's work, and always with chapter setting forth the character a specific field in view. The volume and value of these conferences. In is therefore an application of the the lists of delegates, we have an Edinburgh methods to specific enumeration of the men and women, problems found in definite fields. native and foreign, who are making These conferences were held at the the Church's history on Asiatic mis- request of the Edinburgh Conference sion fields a Christian Hall of Fame.

Continuation Committee during the This volume is by no means easy period from October, 1912, to May, reading, and will be valueless for the 1913, in the principal fields of Asia- careless reader. It is a book for fields embracing some three-fourths specialists who are eager to know of the inhabitants of the non-Chris- the latest convictions concerning mis- tian world. One each was held in sionary methods and policies. Its Ceylon, Burma, Strait~ Settlements, catholicity attracts such readers. Ail and Korea, seven in India, seven in the leading denominations here voice China, and three in Japan. In India their common sentiments. At the and China sectional conferences were national conferences convened in held in six important regional divi- Calcutta, Shanghai and Tokyo, the sions, and later a national conference average number of denominations was held in the two countries at- represented was 36. Hence we have tended by delegates appointed by the here for Asiatic missions documents sectional conferences. In all, the equivalent to the decrees of the delegates numbered 1,583, of whom ecumenical councils of the early 14 per cent. were women, while the Church; tho unlike those decisions native delegates constituted almost 35 affecting matters of faith and order, per cent. of the entire membership-a these findings have to do with the weightier matters of bringing Asia to novel and most significant fact. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [February a saving knowledge of the Father per set. Lantern slides of these charts of all men, and of His Christ. are rented at 50c. a day by the Missionary Education Movement, New York. THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE OF TO-DAY AND YES- TERDAY. By Nevin O. Winter. Illus- THE CHINA MISSION YEAR BOOK Being trated. 487 pp. $3.00, net. L. C. Page "The Christian Movement in China" & Co., Boston. 1913. 1913. Edited by Rev. D. MacGiI1ivra~, The excellence of this recent story M.A., D.D. Map, I2mo. Christian Liter- of Russia and the Russians is its ature Society for China, Shanghai, 19I3. readableness. The people are viewed sympathetically, but with the eye of GREATHEART OF PAPUA (James Chalmers). one in harmony with Christian ideals By W. P. Nairne, M.A. Illustrated and modern ci·dlization. Russia is I2mo., pp. viii-229, 2S., net, post free: still medieval and despotic, but there London Missionary Society, London, is the material from which to form a .great and progressive nation. 191 3.

The writer takes up the various MANUAL OF MISSIONS. By Carl LeRoy districts of Russia and describes most entertainingly the people and their Howland, Ph.D. With an introduction history. Finland, Poland, the peas- ants, the Jews, religious forces, nihi- by Bishop Wilson T. Hogue. I2mo, pp. lism and autocracy are all dealt with 176. 75, net. Fleming H. Revell Co briefly but intelligently. The least New York, 1913. ., complete and satisfactory chapter is on the religious forces. The diffi- MILITANT METHODISM. The Story of the culties and o~pcrtunities presented to evangelical Christianity are most in- First National Convention of Methodist adequately described. Siberia and the exile system are also passed over Men. Held at Indianapolis, Indiana, with brief mention. October 28 to 31, 1913. Edited by David' THE KINGDOM IN THE PACIFIC. By Frank G. Downey, E. W. Halford, Ralph Welles H. L. Paton, B.D. 167 pp. Illustrated. K~eler. Bvo., pp. 379. $1.10, net. Meth- Is., net. London Missionary Society. odIst Book Concern, New York and Cin- 1913. cinnati, 1913.

The islands of the Pacific are a JUNGLE DAYS. Being the Experiences of unique mission field. They are so an American Woman Doctor in India. numerous, so varied, so isolated, and By Arley Munson, M.D. Illustrated, 8vo, life on them is generally so luxurious that they present problems and pos- PP·297· D. Appleton & Co., New York, sibilities all their own. Mr. Paton, 1913.

Wh0 was born ill the New Hebrides, THE SUPREME NEED. By Francis B. Denio. 12mo, pp. 238. $1.00, net. Fleming H. has brought these islands into focus Revell Co., New York, 1913. not by descrilling separate islands and their mission work but by taking typi- THE SALVAGE OF MEN. Stories of Human- _ cal cases amI by telling of the general characteristics and progress. This is ity Touched by Divinity. By Agnes L. an excellent young people's text-book. Palmer. I2mo, pp. 214. $1.00, net. NEW BOOKS Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. UNITED MISSIONARY CAMPAIGN CHARTS AND SLIDES. A set of 21 charts, giving THE ANTI-ALCOHOL MOVEMENT IN EUROPE. in striking manner the great missionary facts of the home church and foreign By Ernest Gordon. 8vo., pp. 333. $1.50, fields, have been prepared by the Lay- men's Missionary Movement (1 Madison net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, Avenue, New York). They are valuable aids to missionary meetings and cam- 1913. paigns. On muslin, 29X42 inches. $10.00 IN AN ELEPHANT CORRAL, and Other Tales of West African Experiences. By Ro- bert Hamill Nassau. $1.00, net. Neale Publishing Co., New York, 1913.

WHERE ANIMALS TALK. West African Folk Lore Tales. By Robert H. Nassau.

I2mo, pp. 250. $1.50, net. Richard G. Badger, Boston, 1913. INyESTM~N: AND ACHIEVEMENT. A Study 111 Christian Progress. By William Les- lie King, D.D. 8vo, pp. 349. Jennings & Graham, Cincinnati; and Eaton and Mains, New York, 1913.

CHILDREN OF LABRADOR. By Mary Lane Dwight. .Illustrated, I6mo, pp. 1:)6. r-6d, net. Ohphant, Anderson & Ferrier ' Edinburgh, 1913.

FRANCE TO-DAY: ITs RELIGIOUS ORIENTA- TION. By Paul Sabatier. pp. xii-302.

$2.50. E. P. Dutton & Co., New York, 1913. .

HAYDEN WILSON,MISSIONARY. By P. H.

Wilkerson. American Sunday – school Union, Philadelphia, 1913.

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1913

J'Ji II } } ~ L. ); J

Clues to the Contents SOME QUESTIONS ANSWERED IN THIS NUMBER PREPARED BY MRS. F. M. GILBERT I. What favor did the heathen governor ask the missionary to do for him when the missionary reached Heaven?

2. How did a country church in two years increase its contributions for current expenses 400 per cent. and for missions 4,000 per cent.?

3. 'vVhat creed did a heathen governor make for himself from studying the Bible alone?

4. What important plan that is being widely adopted is described as System in place of Spasm?

5. Why did a Moslem teacher, under false arrest, refuse to accept the consul's plan for rescue?

6. 'vVhat kind of a Christmas entertainment did the small boy say was "a lot better than candy" ?

7. What was in the letter taken from the drunken soldier's pocket?

8. Why did the Indian rajah refuse to use his foreign machinery?

9. "The Church of the Kicking Overseers" is the Chinese name for which of the Christian denominations?

10. What was the reason for holding the Christmas entertainment in July? I I. Why did the convert in Uganda decide to take the name of Jonah? 12. What recent ccnverts from heathenism are now sending out their own foreign missionary?

13. What two foreign things do the Chinese say have been forced h. upon them?

14. In what country do the Protestants number one-fourth of the population and produce more than two-thirds of the revenue?

IS. Where are people coming 50 miles on foot to ask for a pastor?

16. Where are empty school buildings waiting for missionary schools to be opened in them-rent free?

17. Where in United States is the American flag flying where it has never flown before? 18. 'When three business men of South America lost their positions because they became Christians what was their next invest- ment? 19. How have the Austrian authorities. tried to check Polish immigration to America?

20. 'vvVVhat happened when the Young Vomen's Band "got tired of missions" ?

H. SEVERANCE-MISSIONARY PHILANTHROPIST

Missionary

@ of the World ~ Vol. XXXVI, No. 12 DECEMBER, 1913 Vol. XXVI, No. 12 Old Series New Series Signs of the Times PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL cooP· fort to arouse, organize and direct the ERATION missionary spirit and activity of Chris- tian people, to the end that the peo- AT the General Convention of the ple of this Church may be enabled to discharge their duties to support the Protestant Episcopal Church, mission of the Church at home and held in New York in October, some abroad, through prayer, work and givimportant decisions were reached- ing; provided that the expenses innegative and positive. There was no curred in such cooperative educational definite action taken toward changing efforts shall not be a charge upon the the name to "The American Church" funds raised through the apportionor "the Church of America" and the ment." motion to change the wording of the prayer for the conversion of "Jews, The Church Board of Missions felt Turks, infidels and heretics," was it necessary to withdraw from official lost. Perhaps the most important connection with the United Missionaction taken from a missionary view- ary campaign now in progress, bepoint-tho not so radical as was cause this sanction had not before hoped-was the permission of this, been given; in all the mission fields the highest court of the church, to the Church of England and the Prothe Board of Missions to cooperate testant Episcopal Church of America with other denominations in efforts have been the only important branch to stimulate churches at home and of Protestant Christianity that has to establish the Kingdom of Christ refused to join in union movements in all lands. The resolution was as for the purpose of more effective and follows: economical missionary service. It is hoped and expected that this action "That the Board of Missions is in- of the General Convention will reformed that, in the judgment of the move an obstacle to Christian union General Convention, it has full au- and progress. thority to take such steps as it may deem wise to cooperate with other The House of Deputies, in harmony Christian Boards of Missions in this with this spirit, also voted to coopercountry and elsewhere, in united ef- The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Otrist in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by con· trihutors of signed articles in these pages.-ED,TORS. ate with the Federal Council of unity throughout the world, and Churches of Christ in America, but showed the actual cooperation thus far the House of Bishops rejected the re- obtained by the Commission both in solution. On this point The Church- this country and in Europe. man remarks: "This action of the House of Bishops will be a grievous The Commission asked for the condisappointment to that large number tinuance of its existence, so that it of churchmen who, with all allegiance may represent the Church at all times to the Church, and with all regard for in the event that overtures for reunion the Church's historic traditions, yet are received by the Episcopal Church. have had reason to deplore her aloofness, and, in some instances, her lack Furthermore, this General Convenof charity, toward other Christian tion registered a long step toward the bodies. The rejection of the resolu- recognition of social service as an estion must inevitably prove a serious sential phase of the Church's relation embarassment to our Commission on to the world. The Joint Committee on Faith and Order. . . . Is it our Social Service held meetings for a ecclesiastical pride and arrogance week, which included conferences on which prompts us to withhold from such subj ects as "The Church and Inour brethren of the Protestant dustry," "The Church and the Rural Churches any official recognition of Problem," "Cooperation with Secular their existence? If so, our efforts in Agencies," and "Education for Social behalf of unity had best be confined, Service." During the past three years for the time being, to our own consti- the number of diocesan social service tuency." commissions has increased from twenty to seventy-five, and a growing A resolution was, however, adopted number of parishes throughout the country have begun to relate themby the Conference commending the selves in some systematic manner to work being done by the Federal community welfare. Council of Churches, and recommending to the Commission on Social Ser- CIVILIZED NATIONS OBSTRUCTING vice and the Commission on Christian Unity to send representatives to P CIVILIZATION IN CHINA its meetings. RESIDENT YUAN'S expUlsion of 300 members of the Chinese Speakers both in the House of Parliament because they obstructed Bishops and in the House of Deputies his policies, was not only a personal struck again and again the note of a move against the followers of Dr. Sun wider outlook, of a broader concep- Yat Sen. The revolution and the distion of the mission of the Church to solution of parliament is a war of the world. The report of the Com- principles, writes Rev. Hugh W. mission appointed three years before White, of the Presbyterian Mission to bring about a world-wide Chris- in Yencheng, Kiangsi. Yuan Shih tian conference "on questions touch- Kai is the leader of the party favoring faith and order" was one of the ing a centralized government, possimost significant features of the pro- bly even a new monarchy and a gram. It outlined the present-day return of the Manchus. The other movements tending toward Christian party, headed by Sun Yat Sen, is thoroughly republican in theory and

OF THE

in practise. Dr. Sun has not the all replaced with new idols and the personal ambition of President Yuan temples were repaired. The five 'civand against the advice of Chinese ilized' powers have forced China to colleagues and foreign advisers, he revert to heathenism." gave up his authority to throw his strength on the side of Yuan. But God is working and we believe Now Yuan, by his monarchical ten- that the tide of events will be fordencies, and by connivance in the warded. In other lands it has taken assassination of a prominent Repub- a hundred years or more to establish lican and by dismissing 300 deputies liberty, and reactionary movements and declaring martial law in Peking can not permanently hinder free govhas shown his purpose to maintain ernment and free religion. In God's dictatorial power. own time righteousness and liberty will prevail. In the meantime the peo- The platform of the Ku Ming-tang, ple must be educated to know God or people's party, stands for Independ- and to know how to govern themselves ence, Republicanism, Civilization, and their land according to His laws. while that of Yuan's party is for centralized power and military rule. OPIUM AND RELIGION IN CHINA "The Republicans have thus far EVERY evil overcome is a new failed," says Mr. White, "for the 'five cause for thanksgiving. The powers' have enabled Yuan to main- baneful effects of opium on progress tain control of the infant Republic. toward Christianity in China was Yuan promised his right-hand man, indicated in an address by General Chang Hsun, that if he captured Nan- Chang, president of the National king there would be no roll-call for Opium Prohibition Union of China, ten days, allowing them to work their at the annual meeting of the Soown will on the helpless non-combat- ciety of Friends in London. General ants. With fiendish cruelty they Chang spoke with touching directrobbed, raped, ravaged. Yuan re- ness and simplicity on this burning warded this Chang with high honors. question, saying in conclusion: "As Civilization has had a set-back. The to the harm caused by opium to educated, traveled men are being put Christianity in China, I will not reout of office everywhere, and the1r frain from telling you the truth places supplied by pig-tailed heathen about our fellow countrymen. They of the old school. While Dr. Sun was call the opium 'Foreign Opium' and president, there were given strong Christianity 'Foreign Religion.' They guarantees of freedom of conscience, regard the 'Foreign Opium' in the and preference to no sect. Now a same way as the 'Foreign Religion.''' strong effort is being made to estab- Of course, the opium was forced lish Confucianism as the state reli- upon China by a foreign country gion, and thus discountenance Christi- and the religion was also forced anity. Under the genuine republicans upon us by a foreign country. As in many cities the idols were removed. long as the 'Foreign Opium' is· al- In Nanking and in Hsuchoufu they lowed to be in China, the 'Foreign were taken out of all the temples. But Religion' is unwelcome to the people. when Yuan came into power they were Let the 'Foreign Opium' be banished

at once, then the 'Foreign Religion' a cessation of the importation of the will be gladly welcomed." The ac- drug from India, the Indian Empire tion taken at the recent Internation- itself seems to be increasing in the al Conference on Opium, held at The use of the poison. In ten years the Hague in July, was also encourag- amount of opium consumed in India ing. has increased 181,439 pounds. While the population in British India lU- Twenty-four governments sent del- creased only 5~ro, the opium 111egates, mostly their ambassadors. All of these delegates signed the treaty creased over 200/0. then drawn up, and the signatures of nine other governments have since The British government has, howbeen obtained. There are still twelve ever, entered into an agreement to governments which were invited to lessen the production of opium in Insign the treaty which have either dia, writes Mr. Stanley A. Hunter, so refused to do so, or have failed to that in a few more years not an acre respond to the invitation. The will be under poppy cultivation. Some of the Indian princes are at a loss as ot treaty deals with the exportation to what should be done with their farm lands. As a result there has been raw and prepared opium, with the an increased interest in scientific agrimanufacture of prepared opium and culture, Professor Samuel Higgininternal traffic in it, and with the bottom of the Arthur Ewing Christian question of the restraint and control College'S department of agriculture, of the sale and use of opium in has found the people enthusiastic'. He foreign concessions in China. This found that one of the rajahs had mais an official recognition of the fact chinery which had not been used since that the opium evil is world-wide, its purchase four years before because and calls for international suppres- he thought the oxen could not pull sion, but the signing of the treaty the plow. Professor Higginbottom does not mean the end of the curse. surprized them by hitching four oxen In the first place, the treaty has yet and plowing the garden, in the presto be ratified, and this Great Britain ence of the rajah and his ministers. and Germany refuse to do until several of the twelve remaining gov- "The Allahabad Pioneer," the best ernments have signed. After rati- known daily paper in India, devoted fication must come diplomatic agree- two columns recently to a description ment as to a date for the enforce- of Mr. Higginbottom's new enterprise, ment of the treaty. Public senti- and Brahman students of the college ment will be the most important have begun to work with their own factor in making this treaty effec- hands-a new thing in India. tive, and to rouse this sentiment the forces of pulpit, platform and press A REFORM IN THE PUNJAB must combine. MOVEMENT for religious and social reform is reported among WOPIUM AND FARMING IN INDIA the Sikhs of the Punjab. Idols have RILE China is endeavoring to been removed from the Golden Tem- stamp out opium and Great ple at Amritsar, and polytheistic rites Britain has finally consented to permit have been banished from daily life.

OF THE TIMES

The new party of reform among the what they had seen in their service Sikhs is called Singh Sabha, or the So- abroad. Just here the question sug- ciety of the Lions. Their motto is gests itself, whether the attitude of "back to the warrior prophet of the the American Government represen- Sikhs-Guru Gobind Singh." tatives in foreign lands toward Amer- The new Sikhs, who are a vigorous ican missionary work should not be military people, are steadily moving made a matter of deeper concern on out of pantheism into theism. The re- the part of tlle Church. Native Chris- ligious reforms are accompanied by tians from Africa, India and China social reforms. A marriage bill passed were among the most effective speak- by the Punjab legislative council has ers at the Buxton Conference. Pro- freed marriage from the contamina- fessor Baju of India asserted with ting influence of popular Hinduism, emphasis that Christianity is not sim- and there is an advance in the mar- ply one among other great religions riageable age. A high school for girls of the world, and that Jesus Christ at Ferozepur promises much for the is not simply one of the world's great development of Sikh womanhood, and teachers, but that He is the expres~ many young men attend the flourish~ image of the Father. The keynote of ing Khalsa College. The Khalsa edu- the conference was struck by Mr.

cational conference gives direction to Kenneth McLellan, when he said, the educational movement. A large "We can influence two generations, Sikh orphanage at Gujranwala is an~ the generation that is, and the one other illustration of the awakening so- that is to be. And it is our privilege cial conscience of these people. to see that never again shall there be a generation oI men who do not be- THE LAYMEN'S CONFERENCE IN lieve in foreign missions."

ENGLAND THE OUTl.OOK IN ALBANIA FlVE years of the Laymen's Mis- THE Balkan War has completely sionary Movement in America changed the whole Albanian have given it a 1ecognized place with question. It is resulting in freeing recognized power in the missionary Albania from Turkish rule arid so campaign. Recently Great Britain from Mohammedan domination, and has taken up the plan and has held leading Albanians have spoken freely the first British Laymen's Missionary of their intentIOn to throw off Mo- Conference in Buxton, England. Cer- hammedanism. They claim that they tain features showed its distinctively were made Mohammedans only by British character-the telegram to King George, expressing the loyalty compulsion, and now that the comand good will of the assembled lay- pUlsion is remO, ed, they are free to men; the statement of Lord Laming- adopt any reiigion that in their judgton, "We certainly could not hold our ment is best suited to their needs. Empire together without the help of This religion, their leaders have Christian missions"; the striking tes- stated, they believe to be Protestant timony from officers of both Army Christianity. They have petitioned and Navy, who had been made en- the Powers to gIVe them a Protestant thusiastic for foreign missions by prince, and they are asking for Chris-

tian schools. :Mr. C. T. Erickson, Protestant, with its emphasis on missionary of the American Board, Christian education. says: "They say frankly they will not trust their boys and girls to other The significance of Christianized nations who would willingly give the Albania to the Christianization of the whole nation an educational system Mohammedans of Turkey can hardly free of charge, for political propa- be over stated. The Albanian is held ganda, of course. In half-a-dozen in high esteem by Moslems everycities the local officials showed me where and will find an access to the school-buildingl>, once occupied by confidence of the. Moslems of Turkey. Turkish schoois, in which Turkish He can command a hearing, far bewill never again be taught; and they yond that which any Armenian, or begged me to bl ing teachers and open Greek, or any member of an ancient these schools, promising us building~ Christian race can possibly expect. free of rent, and all the boys and girls the buildings would hold." A CENTURY IN THE SOUTH SEAS There is a pressing need, not only SOME of the most notable evifor schools, but for medical work and dences of the transforming powfor industrial development. Mr. and Mrs. P. B. Kennedy, who were ex- er of Christianity are found in the pelled by the, Greeks from Albania, islands of the sea. The early work have been given permission to return of the London Missionary Society in as soon as order is restored. the Society Islands was marked by enthusiasm, heroism, and patience. The Albanians are a people of fine The first missionaries were sent out qualities, naturally peace-loving, in 1796, and their ranks were soon quiet, industrious, morally clean, in- thinned by sickness, murder, and telligent, capable of a splendid cui- death. It was over four years beture, with a fine sense of honor and fore enough of the language had chivalry, lovers of home and children, been acquired to admit of preaching, loyal in friendship, full of sentiment, and even then another twelve years poetry, imagination, ready to follow elapsed before there was any sign new leadership into new life once of response to the message. On their confidence is won. July r6, 1813, thirty-one names were recorded in the first church roll of A strong holo has been obtained by the Pacific. the American mi~sionaries in the confidence and allection of the Alba- N ow, in regions where barbarism nians and the American Board feels reigned unconscious that it was barthat the present state of affairs there barism, where language was posiis a striking challenge to the Church tively without words to represent and has a special bearing upon the what are commonplace moralities Mohammedan question. The Moslem and amenities with us, may be found Albanians are particularly urgent in in every village a church, a school, asking for mission schools. Many and a native ordained pastor. of the leaders declare that the future Church in Albania can not be Greek The first century has been one of or Catholic or Moslem, but must be noble and effective pioneering; the second must be one of development and consolidation.

PRESENT CONDITION OF

A BIRD'S EYE VIEW OF THE JEWISH PEOPLE AND MISSIONARY EFFORT BY REV. S. B. ROHOLD, F.R.S.G.S., TORONTO, CANADA Superintendent of the Presbyterian Mission to the Jews ~. T HE year nineteen hun– Thus we are face to face with an dred and thirteen has extraordinary spectacular tragedy of given a new revelation 10,000 Jews fighting on differ- of the tragic condition ent sides-killing one another to save of the Jew. The trag- their "Fatherland ?" Has anything edy shows the para- like this ever been known?

doxicality of the Jewish people not Come a little closer and view the appalling situation. The energetic found in any other race. Here are Chief Rabbi of Salonica appeals to all to fight and save their "Fathera people, rich and poor, clever and land?" (Turkey), exhorting them to disregard even life itself and never stupid, wise and unwise, morally to surrender. Now Greece has be- come the mistress of Salonica. The high and morally degraded, learned very same Chief Rabbi tragically ap- peals to his people to become loyal and unlearned, religious and irre- Greeks, and consequently 80,000 Jews have in a day, without a murmur, ligious, reverent and free-thinking, ceased to be "Turks" and have be- come "Grecians!" easy going and energetic, Zionists But what about the heroic Chief and anti-Zioni!ts, at peace and at war Rabbi of Adrianople, who actually fought with the soldiers, and did all at the same time, in a conflict that in his power to resist the Bulgarians? When the victorious Bulgarian army is not their own. entered Adrianople he received them with open arms. Later, when in The Balkan War and the Jews their turn the Turkish soldiers re- take Adrianople, the Rabbi, at the At the opening of the Balkan war head of his people, receives them the Chief Rabbi of the Turkish Em- with manifestations of rejoicing! pire made an appeal to the patriotism Where can a parallel be found? of all the Jews within the Turkish Dominion, to give of their very best Israel's Religious Condition -yea, to lay down their lives-to save their "Fatherland?" So the The same unparalleled condition is Jewish people all over Turkey and true in relation to Israel's religiotlii Arabia sent their noblest sons, and condition. We may class them under did all that was in their power to three heads: save the Empire. At the same time the Chief Rabbi of Belgrade made (I) The Rabbinical Jew, still holds a powerful appeal to all the Jews of Servia to fight the terrible Turk, and save their "Fatherland?" Similar appeals were issued by the Rabbis of Greece, Bulgaria and Montenegro, and, loyally and enthusiastically, the people responded and went forth to the battle field.

tenaciously to the Law of Moses, tell us, "We believe that Jesus was and to the so-called "Oral Law," one of the greatest of prophets-a which is Rabbinism, pure and sim- great moral teacher-one of the ple. The Talmud, which contains noblest of God's creations, with the "Traditions of the Fathers," is Moses and Isaiah. We do not give of at least equal authority with the Him the attribute of deity, but of "Written Law of Moses." They are divinity, and there is a spark of of the same standard, in every sense divinity in us all."

of the word, as the ancient Pharisees. (e) Further, they declare that all Jesus is regarded as a false prophet, that is good and true in Christianity a blasphemer and deceiver; they is neither original nor new, and until abhor His Gospel, and the churches lately they have prophesied the over- are considered unclean places. They throw of Christianity.

stiIl hold fast to the promises of (3) The Radical Jew. Moses is God, and are looking for a complete to them a mere teacher, the prophets restoration, and the coming of a per- mere politicians, poets and orators.

sonal, conquering Messiah to reign They deny all revelation and positive over them. religion. In his official statement at (2) The Reformed Jew, has no the inauguration last year of the known creed. They follow neither Liberal Synagogue in London. Mr.

the Bible nor the Talmud, but selec- Claude G. Montefiore, its President, tions from the Old Testament and who is perhaps the most cultured the Talmud, which suit their rational- and earnest Jewish theologian, de- istic minds, and which they pro- clared: nounce compatible with modern "We have no creed, and we will thought and life. Their so-called re- have none. We have no narrowing forms are so many and varied that cut and dry series of dogmas, no their creed is practically a new articles 13 or 39. We do not say, Judaism. They assert: Believe this and that and you are a 'Unionist,' deny and you are not. (a) The world is not tainted with We stand for a fresh and changed sin and there is no devil. attitude toward authority, and es- pecially toward that particular type (b) There is no original sin, no fall of man, and, therefore, no need of authority, which is of central imof vicarious atonement. portance in Orthodox Judaism, the authority of the Book and the Code. (c) They entertain no hope of a We accept nothing which does not personal Messiah, but they expect seem to us good. The authority of the coming of a Messianic age, when the book, so far as it goes is its humanity will enjoy the reign of worth, and so far as that worth righteousness. reaches, so far reaches the authority. The book is not good because it is (d) Their position toward Jesus from God. It is from God so far and Christianity can not be easily as it is good. The book is not true summed up. In the face of modern because it is from God, it is from thought and education, they can not God so far as it is true."

turn a deaf ear to the tremendous_ Mr. Montefiore elaborates his sy~­ claims of Christ, or ignore the fact tern of theology and ethics, and of Christianity; so they graciously makes a very passionate appeal, con-

PRESENT CONDITION OF

eluding with this emphatic declara- This is, perhaps, the noblest eulogy tion: from one of the greatest Jewish the- "The traditional conception of ologians, but it does not actually Judaism, both in theory and practice reveal their true attitude; for it must is, we think, doomed. It mixes up so not be forgotten, that with all their much error with truth, so much ot "up-to-date" liberality and charity, the obsolete with the living, that the and though in many ways they professerroneous and the obsolete clog and edly accept certain Christian ethics, ruin the living and the true. The yet they are combatants more danivy is killing the tree." gerous to Christianity than either Reform or Orthodox Jews. Of their position toward Jesus and Christianity, it is still harder Renan influenced and taught modto give an adequate idea, for, con- ern Jews to assume a friendly attitrary to all expectations, we find the tude, and to claim Jesus as their same Mr. Montefiore in his book, greatest teacher, and His ethical "The Religious Teaching of Jesus," teaching as their own inheritance-a speaking about Jesus and comparing subtle attempt to destroy Christianity His teaching with that of the Rabbis by leveling it to the position of a and Prophets; he says: mere ethical religion like Judaism.

"Herein we may at once observe One of the claims of Radical Ju- daism is, that the Free Synagogue is that Jesus differs from, or as some established to save the young Jewry from the influence of the Christian would say, goes beyond, the prophets. missionary. The same Mr. Monte- fiore declared that, "'Liberal' Juda- 'More than a prophet is here.' None ism has been the salvation of Juda- ism for thousands in America." The of them ask for renunciation or Ie'wish Chronicle, the foremost English Jewish paper, commenting sacrifice 'for my sake.' The per- upon this, says: sonal note, the personal touch, are wanting. But all these things are predicted of Jesus, and some of them, or all of them, may be his- toric! . 'Do this for my sake, be good for my sake, take this pain- ful resolve, go through with this hard task, achieve this sacrifice'- 'for my sake.' There was a new mo- "One has only to observe the ex- tive, which has been a tremendous treme lengths to which it has been power and effect in the religious carried by such thorough-going Dishistory of the world. The devotion senters as Dr. Leonard Levy and of the leader to his men and to his Rabbi Stephen Wise, to see that all cause-Jesus shared it. The devo- these saved people to Judaism in tion of the led to their leader-Jesus nothing except in name-they are at inspired it. He kindled a flame best nominal Jews, and only for the which was to burn more brightly time being. To ethical culture, to after His death than ever in His Theism, to Unitarianism, their prin- life-time. 'For Jesus Sake!' Of what ciples may accord, but not to Judaism fine lives and deaths has not this as such. Those familiar with Dr.

motive been the spring and sustain- Levy's Sunday lectures do not need ment! This must be freely and fairly to be reminded that they may be acknowledged by all those who stand outside of the Christian sanctuary Theistic and Unitarian-they assur- edly are not I ewish." and are not called by the name of Christ." S1,~n i~ the awful religious condi-

tion of Israel, which we have ven- is not strong and separate enough to tured to class, inadequately but con- save the American Jews from abscientiously, under three heads. But sorption. The bulk of American what about the masses who belong Jewry knows more of Christian to none of these? Science than of the Talmud, or even the Mosaic code. Thousands of the The 6,000,000 of Jews in dark rising generation have never seen Russia-we must not even touch Phylacteries or carried a Palm upon their awful, peculiar condition; Branch, or sat in a Tabernacle. In for there lies, in the very nature of the new towns of the West the poor things, the most distressing, uncon- Jew drifts into the Church as easily ceivable chaos. To touch an isolated as the rich Jew in the Eastern towns. phantom that meets the observer's In the Jewish Gazette of New York eye, in a few passing remarks would for March 7, 1913. there is a rebe unjust. Ill[e must, therefore, deal markable answer given by an emiwith these unhappy 6,000,000 Jews grant to the reproach that he had at another time. But with regard joined an Episcopalian congregation. to the condition of the masses in 'Why not,' said he, 'In the church I Christian and enlightened lands, let am told to be good; in the Temple us take the evidence of their own I am told to be good. In the Church leaders, which is absolutely true. the organ is playing; in the Temple Rabbi Shanfarber of Chicago, says: the organ is playing. In the Church Christian choir-girls are singing; in "We Jews have given religion to the Temple Christian choir-girls are the world, but we have little our- singing. Why should we not all selves. We gave God to the world, pray tog-ether?' Asked how he could yet we have little of God in our believe in Jesus, he replied that a hearts. The Jews are not studying Tewish Rabbi had preached that their Bible–other people are study- Jesus was a great Hebrew Prophet; ing it. Our tremendous indifference and the assurance he had received is our worst ailment. We are. from the Episcopalian Rabbi, that troubled with the teaching of agnostic stress was no longer laid on the imatheism. Materialism and Christian maculate conception, had set his Science." conscience completely at rest."

Dr. Melamed, the eminent scholar This does not need any comment. of London, England, in his great book declares: "The Jews have now No honest Rabbi or Jew will dare scarcely anything in common with to tell us that all is well with Israel. the Jews of the Bible." In his great induction sermon, the Israel's spiritual needs are by far new Chief Rabbi of the British Em- greater than Israel's temporal needs. pire, Dr. Hertz, makes this emphatic admission: "Hosts of our men What Has the Christian Church Done for and women of to-morrow are losing Israel? belief in Israel's future and are drifting into unbaptized Apostacy." As a Church, what have we done Mr. Israel Zangwill tells us in the to lead these wanderers into better Jewish Chronicle of April 4, 1913: ways? What has the Church contribu- "The religion of American Jewry ted to mold their life ami character?

It is rather melancholy to have to confess our neglect. But the Chris- tian Church had to make this con- fession three years ago! The great Missionary Conference Oat Edinburgh, Scotland, declared in their Report of

PRESENT CONDITION OF

Commission I : "The attempts to series of articles appeared by Rev. give the Gospel to this people have G. Freelander and Mr. Goodman, been altogether inadequate." So. we rudely assailing Jesus and the New also need not fear to frankly confess Testament. our neglect. Some Christian theologians are The Obligation to Preach the Gospel to afraid to touch on the question for the Jew fear of giving offense. On the other hand the Jew is not in the least con- It is the imperative duty of the cerned about hurting our feelings. Church of Christ to preach the Some time ago, while attending the Gospel to the Jews, as well as to General Ministerial Association at all other races of mankind. In fact, Winnipeg, Rabbi Levine, who was a the Church exists, like her Master, me~ber of the said Christian Assonot for herself, but for mankind. ciation, made a bitter attack on Chris- For the Church to exclude the Jew tian Missions. The attitude of Jewfrom her missionary program to ish leaders toward Christianity reevangelize the whole world, is to mains one of intense bitterness and expect the Church to undo herself. open hatred, and there is scarcely a "For there is no difference between periodical that does not contain some the Jew and the Greek, for the same of their uncharitable sentiments. To Lord over all is rich unto all that the Christians of to-day belongs the call upon Him." (Rom. 10: 12.) duty of teaching and exemplifying the life of Christ. The Jew can no longer say, "Leave us alone, for we leave you alone," The Jews must learn that we know for they do not leave us alone. On what ails them, and that we are inevery hand· the tenets of Christianity tensely anxious to fill their spiritual are roughly handled. In the Jewish emptiness with Christian feeling; Chronicle and the Jewish W or'M a O/"15510N5 TO THE -.JEWS 0 .sTATISTICAL TABLE 1913 0 If) If) z:(() aI/) ~ID wZ:: COUNTRIE.5 ILJ I-Ll Q ~~ M 15510NARIE5 INCOME n::!! F D:: r~ ~ MALE FEMALE WIVE'SS TOTII.L [3~ <{ If) ::> ]:11:: vILJ .:J >< 1: 0 ::l If} <{ 0 V I GREAT ~RITAIN __ 30 8 135 12 314 269 81 664 166 $520,000 Z GERMA~Y ____ 4 6 14- I 21 12 2 35 10 30,000 3 SWITZERLAND 2 — 4 – – 5 – – — 54 10,000 4. FRANCE ____ I — I – – I 2,500 — – – 1 — 4,000 5. NETHERLAMD__ :3 I 4 — 5 — — 52 6. SCAI'IDI/'IAVIA__ .3 7. RUSSIA __ –_ 5 I 9 .3 17 12 .3 32 7 22,000 8.AFRICA _____ I 5. ASIA ______ 4 — 5 — 5 5I "2 5 4.200 10. AU5TRALIA __ 2 2 I — 2 — – – 4,000 I II . UMITED S,.ATES_ 45 I~.CAMADA ____ 7 — 4 – – — 6 — 8 I 5,000 — 2 – – 2 1,500 — — 2 I 6 48 3 66 58 23 147 51 102,000 I 6 I 15 8 4 27 15 33,500 ,~ ==, =, TOTAL: 107 25 233 20 453 372 114 939 2b"3 $7.~8,OOO –.

that we bring them Christianity, not longing and burning desire of the the fair-sounding, meaningless lip- missionary, at the same time rememphrase, which is their confession of bering that the offense of the cross faith, but a living Christianity of will not cease, for the Chief Cornerthe heart, inspired by the living stone, our blessed Lord Himself, so Christ of God. This living Christ precious to us who believe, is still is the only power to develop, to to the disobedient a stone of stumchange, to renew and to grant the bling and a rock of offense. "New Life." There is, however, a possibility for us so to order our habits and ac- What the Christian Church is Doing for tivities as to "give none offense, the Jews neither to the Jews, nor to the Gen- tiles, nor to the Church of God." There are some I07 Societies laboring among the Jews through- All the organized missions to the out the world, few of which are Jews recognize the above to be most adequately equipped, manned or sup- essential, and therefore we feel that ported. The foregoing s~atistical their testimony IS powerful and table will give some idea of the num- fruit-bearing. ber of workers, stations, etc.

The Character of the Work The Attitude of the People In order to reach the Jewish peo- The influence of the Rabbis is less ple with the mes~age of love, we strong than we usually imagine. must show them the reality of During the past year strong appeals our message-unconditional, whole- were issued against Christian mishearted, sincere love, without interest, sions, in leading cities all over the is demanded. The Jewish people, world, and in some cities anti-misabove all others, are suspicious of sionary societies have been formed. Christians. Centuries of persecution, But the common people practically hatred and gross ignorance of the took no notice; in some cases the true principles of the Christian faith appeals have rather helped to adverhave implanted a national mistrust. tise the missions and their meetings. The Jews, therefore, seek to find the Christ of God in the lives of From almost every Mission all the missionaries, before He will be- over the world we hear of increased come a living reality to them. The attendance of men and women, and character, devotion and spiritual the reverence exhibited at the difpower of the missionaries is really ferent services has been most signifiwhat a mission represents. The mes- cant and encouraging. Women, essage which has entered their own pecially, are taking a real, deep inlife and soul is now entrusted to terest, and are inquiring' more earnthem, and this they must proclaim estly than ever before. Parents bring and exhibit in their life. At the their children to Sabbath-school, and same time the missionary must con- are speaking openly against the intinually have before his mind Israel's terference of the Rabbis. In some peculiar position and clamant need. cases when Rabbis stationed them- The reconciliation of Israel with selves in front of a mission, think- Christ must be the continual, intense ing that their presence would hinder

PRESENT CONDITION OF

some from entering the mission, they missionaries conduct sewing-schools were utterly ignored, which is really and Sunday-schools, in order to atremarkable, considering the fear tract the Jewish children, and at the which prevailed a few years ago. sam~ ~ime accustom them to singing Chnstmn hymns." The confidence which the missionaries have gained is most remarkable. But more significant is the ac- It is a matter of utmost importance knowledgment of the eminent ZiOnIst that better relations should be culti- organ, Die Welt, in an article on vated, and therefore, the results are Jewish baptisms in Berlin in 19II: most encouraging. The Hebrew Christian has not to face the bitter "Two hundred and twenty-four hatred and persecution he had a few Berliners left Judaism in that year, years ago. We find that everywhere most of them identifying themselves the common people have implicit with the Lutheran Church-this does faith in the sincerity of the Chris- not mclude children. Among them tian missionary, and they even con- were persons of prominence-Dr. tradict statements of the Rabbis. Otto Brahms of the Lessing Theater j They declare openly that the motive the 'cellist, Dr. Heinrich Gruenfe1d. of the Christian missionary is un- Thirteen were physicians, four lawselfish love for their souls, in obedi- yers, eight engineers and three chemence to the divine command of the ists. These are not dry leaves that Lord. are falling away from us," he con- tinues, "but the very best." . . . The most encouraging news comes "Well informed people know that in from dark Russia. There the en- Russia there are to-day currents in lightened young men are earnest Jewish life which are setting toward "Seekers after Truth," and the true Christianity." spirit of inquiry has remarkably spread all over Russia. New Testa- What are the Results? ments and Christian literature have never, in the history of Jewish mIS- It would be idle to attempt to sions, been in greater demand. measure results. Statistics may in- Jewry is Religiously Hopeless dicate the abundant labors of the The Jews can not ignore these facts any longer. Therefore all the workers, but they are no true index Jewish papers are alarmed and are scheming to keep the young Jew in of fruitage that abides. It is very the Synagog, and to combat missionary influence, which, they are difficult to even approximately estiforced to acknowledge, is most powerful. The Canadian Jewish Times, mate the spiritual results indicated April II, 1913, in a plea to counteract the missionary activities, makes in the statistical table, but it is unithe following remarkable admission: versally acknowledged that at least "The missionary influence in the Ward has reached a high pitch 2,000 Jews have been baptized each among the Jewish children. The year since 1900. We can not meas- ure the success of missions to the Jews by the number of baptisms.

Many of the missions do not aim at baptisms and incorporation into the visible Church of Christ, but at evangelization only. Thousands of Jewish men, women and children have publicly confessed their faith in the Lord Jesus Christ, and have borne the burden which is still the

portion of Jewish believers in Christ. Church, which they feel is a great Many more, however, have become loss and a weakening of their testisecret believers, lacking, alas, the mony as Hebrew Christians. courage for public profession. The Hebrew Christians of Toronto, The direct results are encouraging Canada, members of the Presbyterian –yet the indirect results are most Church, made this the burden of valuable and of utmost importance, their prayers, and after waiting upon for they have set before the people God, they petitioned the Presbytery true Christianity as they have never of Toronto to grant them permission, known it before. and to help them organize the first Hebrew Christian church in Canada, The Time to Favor Zion under the name of the "Christian Synagog" (Presbyterian); the ser- Perhaps the most significant en- vices to be Presbyterian, as well as couragement comes from the Hebrew in doctrine, but its members to be Christian himself. There is a great Hebrew Christians. The Presbytery longing, such as has never before unanimously granted the petitIon, been felt by the Hebrew Christians, appointing interim session, and on for a real union. This influence has Thursday evening, July 24, 1913, extended to all the missionaries, and amidst rej oicing and thanksgiving, now we find the different missions the first Hebrew Christian Presbyin London, England, and other parts terian Church saw the light, and is of the world, are dropping their now an established fact. Its members petty jealousies, and are uniting in are enthusiastic, and its testimony has a common effort. On the great Jew- become a power among Jews and ish Day of Atonement the different Christians alike. missions and missionaries have united in intercession on behalf of Israel. The Issu'; Unchanged During the high festivals united services have been arranged, meeting It is stilI Jesus Himself whom the at different miSSlOns alternately. Jews must accept or reject. The Thus, we feel that the outlook has gulf between them and Christianity never been brighter in the history is practically as wide for the Reof Jewish missions. The strong de- formed and Radical Jew as that sire of Hebrew Christians that their which must be crossed by the Orthotestimony should be effectual to Jew dox Jew, before he acknowledges the and Gentile, has been the cause of Lordship, Divinity and Messiahship great discussion all over the world. of Jesus of Nazareth. However far Some have even wanted to organize they may have drifted, there still rewhat they called a "Messianic Jew- mains with them the inherent religisll Movement," but the Hebrew ious instinct, that capacity to appre- Christians, as a whole, would not ciate great moral and spiritual truths, listen to the formation of any new which has characterized the m sect, or even a revival of ancient throughout their history, and, which, "Ebionitism." Yet the Hebrew Chris- consecrated to the service of Christ, tians feel that they are being ab- will enrich and revitalize Christianity sorbed within the Gentile Christian itself.

Girls' HIgh School Dormitory and Dining Hall Ladies' House-

A FE W OF THE SEVVERANCE BUILDINNGGS AT TENGCHOWFU, CHBINA-A 1MIO0DEL STAATION A MISSIONARY PHILANTHROPIST A SKETCH OF THE LIFE AND WORK OF LOUIS H. SEVERANCE BY REV. STANLEY WHITE, D.D., NEW YORK Sec retary of the Prreessbyterian Board of Foreign Missions .,~I N the death of Mrr.. listed in the hundred-day service, he Louis H. Severance remained in the bank for eight years. the Christian Church In 1864, he removedd.. to Titusville, has suffered a seem- Fa.., where he was engaged in busi- ingly irreparable loss. ness for ten years, and then returned – A man of wealth and to Cleveland. Frrom 1876 to 1895 he was cashier and treasurer of the leisure, he consecrated both to the Standard Oil Company, in which at the time of his death he was a large service of his Master. His ability stockholder. In addition to his Stand- ard Oil interests, Mr. Severance to do this lay in the fact that he was connected with many other financial enterprises, the success of had first given himself to the Lord. which increased his ability to share in the work of God in the world. Mr. Severance was born in Cleve- Mr. Severance was twice married, in 1862 to Fanny B. Benedict, who land, on August I, 1838, less than died in 1874, and again in 1894 to Florence Harkness, who died less a month after the death of his father, than a year later. He is survived by two children, John L. Severance and Solomon Lewis Severance. His Mrs. Dudley P. Allen, both of Cleve- land. Mrr. Severance was apparently mother was Mary H. Long, the only well up to within a day or two of his death, when, on June 25, daughter of Mr. David Long, the 1913, he was suddenly stricken at first physician of Cleveland. She died on October I, 1902, at the age of 86 years.

Like many another successful busi- ness man,, Mrr. Severance received his education in the public s~hools, from which, at the age of 18, he went into the Commercial Bank of Cleveland. With the exception of a short interval in 1863, when he en-

his home in Cleveland and was taken Superintendent in 1r8897. He was an away without suffering. He went elder from the year 1884 until his to the reward which is reserved for death. There is, however, a story those who have been faithful stew- connected with this fact which should ards in this world. not be concealed. The Woodland Such is the brief record of his Avenue Presbyterian Church not only life as it might be recorded in history. claimed him as a member, but it It is, however, only the background found in him, whether present in Cleveland or away from the city, a most faithful and devoted servant.

This church is one of those which in all large cities suffer from the fluctuation of population and the changing conditions of city life.

Little by little there has grown up around it a great business center, bringing with it large numbers of people who need a church home but are financially unable to meet the responsibility. Devoted as they may be, the work would be impossible unless some one stood behind them..

Mr. Severance's love and devo- tion for this church never wavveel"rfp'u..

He gave it his time, his thought and his support. He believed in its mis- FLORENCE HARKNESSSS MEMORIAL CHAlJ""EL sion, and was ready to aid in carry- ing it out. It was a noble tribute Western Reserve University, CollJege for WOO.Qlll1een, to him that, at the Memorial Service Cleveland,. Ohio. Built by Mr. Louis Sever· on Sunday, September 28th, this ance and Miss Anna M. Harkness of a picture which is beautified by great church was almost filled with personal devotion and service which those who had learned to consider has rarely been equalled. It should Mr. Severance, not simply their bene- be an inspiration to all .-other men factor, but their brother and servant who have been entrusted with large for Christ's sake. Just prior to his possessions. death he had completed the renova- In the first place Mr. Severance tion of the church, so as to include was a devoted church man. His a gymnasium and the other equip- formal membership was with the ments that belong to a people's church.

Woodland Avenue Presbyterian He saw that the problem in his Church in Cleveland, with which he neighborhood was changing and, like united in January, 1875, when it was a man of vision and wisdom, was a new enterprise. He was elected ready to meet it.

Assistant Superintendent of the Sun- Mr. Severance was also the servant day-school in 1882 and became its of the church at large and was in-

A MISSIONARY PHILANTHROPIST

terested In all its 'enterprises. He long to be remembered, to see and was President of the Presbyterian hear at the Memorial Service, Union in Cleveland from 1&89)3 until the presidents of three colleges, tell 1903, was a delegate to the Ecumeni- not only of his gifts, but also of the cal Conference in 1900, and was irntflIuence of his life and counsel in Vice":Moderator of the General As- pushing forward their work. Mr. sembly in 1904. In addition to, his Severance was a faithful member of interest in his own church he had :the Board of Aid for Colleges and also built the , Boulevard 'and May~ 'had given large sums in its support.

THE SEVERANCE LIIBBRRARY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF WOOSTER, OHIO flower Chapels in other parts of the Our thoughts, however, must take city of Cleveland, which were both a still wider range. From his boydedicated in ,the year 1&89)7. His hood he had been interested in misheart was large enough so that it sIOons. ' The source of his interest did not expend itself only on the inter- seems to have lain in the following ests of his own town. Believing as he circumstances: The Rev. Samuel did in the church of Christ and that Hutchings, who became pastor of the it must have an educated ministry First Presbyterian Church in Cleveand a strong, virile leadership, he land, in 1831, had been a ,missionary threw himself with his accustomed in Ceylon with his wife, and had but energy into educational work. He recently returned on account of ill was a trustee in Wooster and Oberlin health. Through their influence, a Colleges, and in Western Reserve young ladies' missionary society was University,. It was an experience formed in the Church, in 1832, and

continued until 1871, when it became ence with the missionaries that would merged into the Presbyterial Society have overburdened a man whose of Cleveland. Through the influence heart was not ready to expend itself of these devoted people there was in this work. During the last 12 created the atmosphere of missionary years he is known to havee'' given interest in which Mr. Severllnce about $500,000 to the work of forgrew. Another life also added' in- eign missions-probably but a small tensity to this interest. Mrs. Sarah portion of the total amount, for one C. Van Tine Adams, a friend of the of Mr. Severance's common habits family, who went out to the Zulu was to give in a way that would not Mission in 1834, returned after 15 be publicly known.

THE SEVERRltANCE CREE..:MMIICCAL LABORATORY, OBERLIN COLLEGE, OHIO The gift included land, endowment for building and for the clinic of chemistry years of service, and found a home In estimating the value of such in the family of Mr. Severance's a life, it would be well to bring into mother.' The mISSIonary fervor the foreground several things. When flowed through her life to touch the Mr. Severance's death became known, life of Louis H. Severance, in whose the fact that he was financially a home in Titusville she lived for two great force in philanthropic and misyears, sion work faded away in the sense of the personal loss that came to In 1907, in his 70th year, Mr. everyone who knew him. He had· Severance went to the Far East and a marvelous capacity for friendship spent 16 months in his missionary and for attaching people to him by tour around the world. From that ~pontaneous goodness. Some one time forward foreign missions be- has said that large wealth means came with him an absorbing passion, liO::1Ieliy living and that it puts a barand at the time of his death he was rier between a man and his friends, conducting a personal correspond-

A MISSIONARY PHltLANTHROP!S1'

but Mr. Severance absolutely dis- His characteristic answer was: "Do proved the necessity for this. He not talk to me about that now, for had probably given as much to the I lay awake all last night suffering Seoul Station of the Korean Mis- because of it." Whheer)n. I was in Can- sion of the Presbyterian Church as ton recently I saw the beginning of to alllYY other one place. The Sever- a new s<~!hhoooo;: building that was being a.nnce Hospital there was not only put up for the girls' work. It waa.s made pussible by his gifts, but, hu- the gift of Mr. Severance. When manly speaking, its future was de- the question of rebuilding this school pendent upon tthheem. It is very sig- came up, he thought of those faith- . nificant then to read the statement ful workers who had devoted so published in the Seoul paper, which much of their lives to the work and expresses the major thought in the remarked: "They need help and I hearts of the people. The following am going to help them." He sym- sentence is eloquent: "Late in June came the news of the death of Mr. THEE SEVERANCE M EDDI CAL COOLLEGE, SEOULL.. KOREA . Severance, the friend of missions, as he was of every good cause, as he pathized with them, and his money was the friend of his Lord and did not harden his heart. Master, Jesus Christ, and of all that concerned the welfare of His King- Another characctteerriissttIiCc of Mr. Sev- dom. Mr. Severance, however, not erance was his marvelous capacity only befriended the Koreal!j}l Mis- for studying the details., of prob- sion, but was the personal friend of lems and thoroughly understanding many of us, as he was of hundreds them before acting. In ' making his of other missionaries, no doubt, and gifts he was not content to base his doubtless they feel as we do, that action upon a general knowledge of he was our particular Mr. Sever- facts or on the opinion of others. ance." Thus did this noble man He would make personal inquiry of solve the problem which most men those who were in close touch with of large means have to face. He the work, and would ask for maps was not submerged by his posses- and plans of property, the location sions, and refused to live a lonely of the buildings in relation to the life. work, for the exact cost down to the last details, and he would put as Another characteristic of Mr. Sev- much time and labor into his task erance was his capacity for genuine, as tho he were planning a busi- human sympathy. In making his gifts, he was continually fighting be- tween what he knew was his duty in the matter of careful investigation and discrimination and the appeal of his sympathies. He suf- fered with those who suffered. I recall a conversation in which men- ' tion was made of one in whom he was interested who was in trouble.

ness operation. The meaning of On a recent visit to the foreign this is clear. He took the capacity field Mr. Severance asked me par- which was his as a business man ticularly to study educational ques- and laid it in service at the feet of tions in India and to discover why his Master. He believed that in the so many of the students passed King's business there was' a place through the colleges without openly for a man with business talents. This making confession of faith through may well be a suggestion for those Jesus Christ. He knew there were in the church who sometimes ask great forces in India's life that hin- what opportunity there is for ser- dered it, but he wanted to know the vice. If men will really consecrate exact reason. He said : "We must their business capacity to God, it IS never lose sight in all that we do all that He would ask of them. It that our purpose in being in the would be difficult .to estimate the Far East is not primarily for edu- strength that has been imparted to cation, but that it is for an educa- the building of the Kingdom of God tion that may make men like unto because of Mr. Severance's rigid ad- God their Father." From this he herence to this principle. could never be diverted. He never As a natural result .of this charac- allowed the work to sink into mere teristic way of working and of put- philanthropy. He always lifted it ting the best that he had at the ser- into the high sphere of the spiritual.

vice of God, Louis Severance knew This sketch would not be com- the fulness of the joy of Christian plete did we not speak of his con- life. At 74 years of age he still stant desire to help those who were maintained his youthful enthusiasm. struggling to regain their place in I never saw a man who seemed to life. At the memorial service in be so enthusiastic about the thing Cleveland, the story was told by one he was doing and often asked my- of the speakers of a visit which Mr.

self how this could be explained. Severance made to a rescue mis- Generally, when men have amassed sion in New York, when, without large fortunes and have satisfied previous notice, he was asked to every earthly desire, they lose en- speak. The remarks which he made thusiasm. This man kept the glow were indicative of the man's whole of life because he made the major life. Taking as his theme the won- passion of his life the major pur- derful painting by Munkacsy of the pose of God. Some men of wealth "Descent from the Cross," he plead- have a passion for art and some ed with those men to turn to Jesus have a passion for travel. With Christ as the one power that could Louis Severance the conversion uplift them and that could give them of the world to Jesus Christ was a sense of forgiveness and a hope his main thought. Enthusiasm for the future.

means to be "in God." In a very Here was a man who success- real sense he lived in God and God fully solved the problem of the right lived in him. He was also able to use of wealth. He was a great man act from the higher spiritual motives because he mastered his money and and was never diverted. did not let his money master him.

A MISSIONARY PHILANTHROPIST 90

He refused to allow it to isolate Severance, but of far more signifihim, to make him unsympathetic, cance is the fact that all over the and he never used it as an excuse East there are men and women upon for lack of personal service. He whose hearts are deeply written the allowed all the appeals and duties name of Louis H. Severance. I befrom which some men try to escape lieve, and say it reverently, that not to beat in upon his life that he in the building made with hands, might bear his share of the burden. not only upon the hearts of men, He made God's purpose his purpose but in Heaven above, his name is and kept the spiritual in the ascend- also written as that of a man who ant. All over the East and in mastered life for Christ's sake. As America, there are buildings which an inspiration to others, one pays are associated with the name of Mr. this loving tribute to this noble man.

THE SUPREME NEED By DR. J. R. MOTT "When I made my first journey round the world I went home and wrote a book in which I laid great stress upon the need of an increase in the number of foreign missionaries. When I returned from my second tour, I laid stress upon the need of a great army of native workers, sons and daughters of the soil. When I came back from my third extended journey to the East, I was led to see that I had taken a very superficial view. What we need is not so much an increase in the number of missionaries, not so much a vast army of native workers; what we need is the discovery of the hiding of God's power and the secret of the releasing of that power. We need more workers through whom God shall have His opportunity. Here and there He is accomplishing through one worker what many workers could not accomplish where the hiding of His power is not discovered.

"Since then I have found the same thing exemplified all over the home field. God has His ways, and they are not always our ways. One of the most striking passages in the old Testament is the One representing God's eye searching up and down the world trying to find a man whose heart is right toward Him, that He might show His power through that man. The discovery of that secret is the great thing needed all over the world to-day in our Christian enterprise, the discovery of the secret which enables God to find the object of His quest, that He may realize His consuming desire and show Himself strong."

ORGANIZATION AND WORK OF TIlE

CIIlJIlCH MISSItNABY COMMITTEE 1.000.000 AleaF Coming FIELDS OF WORK >. ~ . 250,000 AYeap RelUPlling c: 0lIl( OUR NATIONAL PERIL OR OPPORTUNITY The Churches Must Decide WHICH WHAT'S WRONG MISSIONARY GIFTS WITH INCREASING MISSIOIIIlY FIIIICES? I. IN CANADA Home and Fopolgn Missions I . ONLY V3 OF CHURCH 1909 $ 1,492,000 INTERESTED. 1912 2,500.181 CURE 1.lnfoprnation 2.IN THE UNITED STATES 2. Sympathy with Fopelgn Missions Chpriisst 1907 $ 8,449.693 2.ONLY V3 OF CHURCH 1908 8.916.589 1909 10.086.216 GIVING. 1910 10,497,798 1911 11.030.715 CURE I. Weekly Offering 1912 14.942,523 2.AnnuaJ Canvass FROM "THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD SOME CHARTS USED BY THE UNITED MISSIONARY CAMPAIGN The charts, 2 ft. x 3 ft. (on cloth), may be obtained fwm the Laymen's Missionary Movement, 1 Madison Avenue, New York.

MEN"S UNION MISSIONARY COONNFFEElUtENNCCE DINNER AT ATLANTIC CIlTY, SEPT. 27

AROUSING THE CHURCH IN AMERICA PLANS FOR THE UNITED CAMPAIGN FOR HOME AND FOREIGN MISSIONS BY WILLIAM B. MILLAR, NEW YORK General Secretary of the United Missionary Campaign.

N the one hundredth cultivation of the home base; that all the forces combined could bring a mO anniversary 0 f the much stronger impact upon a com- birth of David Liv- munity than could be brought by ingstone, that g rea t communions working separately, with- ~ apostle to the dark out reference to each other's plans. continent, a notable Wasteful or ineffective methods in missionary decision was reached. On missionary work should no more be that day (March I9, I9I3) represen- tolerated than in the ordinary lines tatives of the Home and Foreign Mis- of business. The present world situsionary Boards of North America ation demands methods and plans that met in New York City for prayer promise largest results. The needs and conference and decided unani- are too great and pressing for anymously to cooperate in a united mis- thing less effectiv.e. sionary campaign to bring the worldwide missionary needs and opportu- To plan and conduct such a connities before the Christians of North tinental campaign, a central commit- America. This conference had been tee was organized, composed of 80 preceded by several weeks of earnest members, representing the different consideration, so that the action rep- Home and Foreign Mission Boards. resented the careful thought of the The following officers were elected: leaders of the missionary enterprise. Rev. Arthur J. Brown, D.D., secretary It was clearly recognized that the cooperation of these forces would of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign mean greater efficiency and economy Missions, chairman; Rev. H. C. Herof time, money and effort in the ring, D.D., general secretary of the Congregational Home Missionary So-

ciety, vice-chairman j Mr. Eben E. Ol- The organization and direction of cott of the Reformed Church of Amer- these interdenominational confer- ica, treasurer, and Mr. William B. Mil- ences has been intrusted to the Lay- lar, of the Laymen's Missionar,y emn's Missionary Movement, and the Movement, secretary. An executive Missionary Education Movement has committee was appointed to look after been asked to formulate a plan for the details of the campaign. S. Earl the educational features. Already Taylor, LL.D., secretary of the Board some 500 conferences have been of Foreign Missions of the Metho- arranged for the autumn and win- dist Episcopal Church, was appointed ter. The reports indicate that, with as chairman and Rev. Charles R. but few exceptions, there has been Watson, secretary of the Board of a good attendance and a deep Foreign Missions of the United Pres- interest awakened in the conferences byterian Church, was made vice- already held.

chairman. The United Presbyterian The educational plans for this year Church was also .asked· to give the include the study of the home mis- services of Mr. George Innes as one sion field in the autumn, with special of the general secretaries of the cam- emphasis upon the question of immi- paign. In the interests of economy gration. Dr. Shriver's new book on it was agreed to use existing agencies this subject is recommended as the so far as possible. 'text book, and after the first of Jan- This campaign is intended to pro-, uaryforeign fields will be empha-, mote the entire missionary work of sized with the study of Mr. Sher- the church at home and abroad, and wood Eddy's new book on "The New the effort will be made to enlist the Era in Asia." The four chapters of entire membership of all denomina- Mr. W. E. Doughty's "Call of the tions. Emphasis will be placed upon W orId" will form the basis of dis- fundamental spiritual requisites for cussion groups for men and for the abundant Christian life and for fruit- midweek meetings during one.month.

ful Christian service. The simultaneous personal canvass During the first season-Septem- for missions has many advantages.

ber to February-plans have been It is not a new plan, since three de- made to hold interdenominational nominations have already tried it conferences in which will be present- with most satisfactory results-edu- ed more adequate methods of mis- cational, financial and spiritual. Un- sionary education in local churches der this plan the United Presbyte- and better methods of finance. 'These rians have increased their gifts for conferences are to lead up to a mIsSIons and benevolences from nation-wide simultaneous "Every- $552,347 in 19IO to $739,452 in 1913 Member Canvass" in March, 1914, -and this does not count the offer- in as many denominations as can ings of the Women's Missionary So- arrange to undertake it at that ciety. The total giving in the entire time; the month of February to communion for outside objects aver- be devoted to special denominational aged $6.10 per member per year.

effort in lining up the churches for With this also came an increase of this canvass. gifts for the current expenses-as .s

THE'MOSLEM

, WORLD 200,000,000 or PEOPLE HUMBLED BY WARS MORE OPEN THAN FOR MANY CENTURIES The Least Occupied of AUll Mission Fields OR CRESCENT?

CHINA AFRICA Population 400.,000,000 Population 150,.000,.000 , IMPRESSIVE CHARTS AND MAPS USED IN THE MISSIONARY CAMPAIGN These charts, in colors, on cloth, 2 ft. x 3 ft., may be obtained from the Layman's Missionary Movement,l 1 Madison Avenue, N. Y.

always the case. "There is that its, in part at least, the fact that the scattereth and yet increaseth." Board of Missions of that church received last year $95,688 more than What has been the result in other in the preceding year. churches? Two hundred and fifty of the Southern Presbyterian One district superintendent of the churches adopted the every-member Methodist Episcopal Church reports canvass with the result that they that 60 out of the 72 churches in his have given over $7.00 per member to district have adopted the new finanbenevolences, while the strongest cial plan and in every case with succhurches of the denomination not cess. In addition to providing for using the canvass, are giving at less all local expenses, the increase in than half that rate. The spiritual re- benevolences in each case was from sults of this movement are shown by 20 per cent. to 600 per cent. on the the fact that these same 250 churches basis of the previous year's offerings. also showed last year a marked in- Better than all, new life was increase in the number of conversions. fused into every church. Reports Throughout the denomination there from 165 Methodist churches that has been a steady advance in the adopted the canvass method showed amounts given under the better finan- a 73 per cent. increase in one year cial plans. The offerings for foreign in their foreign missionary offerings missions alone increased from $420,- -from $66,395 to $II5,479. At the 602 in 1910 to $631,069 in 1913. same time their gifts to home mission work increased 52 per cent. and to RESULTS IN DENOMINATIONS the Women's Board, 30 per cent.

1. UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH The Baptists of Cleveland last year united in a canvass which increased To all Missions, 1912 . .$580,169 the number of givers by 1,474 and To all Missions, 1913. . . 739,452 the total gifts for benevolences from Membership, 142,081; with $33,807 to $45,891, and this in ad- dition to private gifts made in the women's societies . . . 853,569 canvass of some $40,000.

Average per member to Missions, $6.11 (29 per cent. of total); average per member, all purposes, $20.97.

2. SOUTHERN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH RESULTS-GROUPS OF CHURCHES To Foreign Missions, 1907 .$276,263 To Foreign Missions, 1912 . 501,412 24 CLEVELAND BAPTIST CHURCHES To Foreign Missions, 1913 . 631,069 Added 1,474 new sub- Membership, 301,000. Gain in SIX years, 129 per cent. scribers.

3. BAPTIST CHURCH Secured from churches .$45,581.00 From individuals . . 40,000.00 To all Missions, Ontario and Quebec, 1908. . . . .$103,000 To all Missions, Ontario and Quebec, 1913.. . 220,000 Membership, 55,000. Total for Missions . .$85,581.00 .f. CANADIAN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH Average per member. 12.13 To all Missions, 1908 .$472.075 22 BUFFALO METHODIST CHURCHES , To all Missions, 1913 . 927,728 Membership, 301,465. 1909 To Foreign Missions.$ 7,502.00 1910 To Foreign Missions. 17,023.00 Gain, 127 per cent, In r ,200 parishes of the Protestant Episcopal Communion, better meth- 18 PRESBYTERIAN CHURCHES, ods of finance have been introduced, For Home Missions, from $20,969 with the use of the duplex envelopes to $35,119. and a weekly basis of giving. To For Foreign Missions, from $11,- this fact the Spirit of Missions cred- 161 to $21,336: For Current Revenue, from $82,268 to $110,935.

THE CHURCH IN

Through the annual canvass the largely the offerings from the Baptists of Toronto have more than churches but will result in untold quadrupled their missionary output in spiritual blessings to those commuthe last six years, increasing from nions that persistently and faith- $~3,000 in 1907 to nearly $100,000 fu:Iy adopt its program. this year. The Presbyterians of that same city in the same period in- RESULTS-INDIVIDUAL CHURCHES creased their missionary offerings from $62,000 to $I32,000. A RURAL CHURCH, Dunkerton, Iowa, Membership, 52. All Current Benevo- Expenses lences Total 1910—0ld plan. .$220 $5 $225 RESULTS IN ENTIRE CITIES 710 1911-New plan. . 635 75 GREENSBORO, N. C. 191Z—New plan, sec- To Foreign Missions, 1909 $7,304 ond year . 900 202 1,102 To Foreign Missions, 1913 16,094 A VILLAGE CHURCH, South Framingham, BUFFALO, N. Y. Mass. Methodist Episcopal. Member- To Foreign Missions, 1909 $36,000 To Foreign Missions, 1912 56,000 ship, 200.

All RICHMOND, VA. Benevolences To all Missions, 1909 . .$118,213 1910-0ld plan .$150 To all Missions, 1913 . . 181,287 1911-New plan. . . . . . 228 TORONTO, CANADA 1912-New plan, second year. . 547 To all Missions, 1907 . .$175,000 A LARGE CITY CHURCH, Toronto, Canada. To all Missions, 1908 . 236,088 Bloor Street Presbyterian. Member- To all Missions, 1909 . 363,697 ship, 1,100. To all Missions, 1910 . 410,000 To all Missions, 1911 . By the old plan . . . . . . $6,000 To all Missions, 1912 . 441,194 By the use of the Duplex Envelope 12,000 479,000 By the Every-Member-Canvass . 16,000 These illustrations could be mul- It is no light task to change the tiplied many times, for it is univer- l1lethods now in operation among sal testimony that the new plan more than 20,000,000 of church works wherever it is given a fair members. This work is not to be trial. At the same time the reports accomplished in one year or in two, show increased gifts to local ex- as was clearly recognized by the ofpenses, missions and benevolences, ficial action taken at the first conan increased interest on the part of ference on the I9th of March, where laymen, a restoration of backsliding the following declaration was passed: or lapsed members and a general "This united campaign is not for quickening of the spiritual life of the this year only but it is to be church. In one canvass the pastor a comprehensive and sustained efreported that 200 members whose in- fort, with such developments as may terest had died out were found and prove necessary, to lead the whole brought back into the active life and Church out into the discharge of its work of the church. total missionary duty, in this crisis hour of national and world history." Similar reports of enlarged giving and of increased blessing as a result As a result of this conviction and have come from many churches that this action the Laymen's Missionary have put "system in the place of Movement was requested to take at spasm," so that it is not a stretch least three years to cover the counof faith to believe that the united try with the interdenominational concampaign will not only increase ferences. Those scheduled for the

first season are for the most part put into operation' will go far to- east of the Mississippi River, with ward solving the pressing mission- the exception of a series in Califor- ary problems. It will be made clear, nia. Many 0o£: the smaller places, however, that method alone is not that have generally been overlooked sufficient-that only as a deep spiri- A SSTTRRlIKKl/'IlG ARGUMENT FOR HOME MIISSSIONS tual revival and uplift shall come to the churches will they be 1m0 a SOhOowiinnc propotr1Iioo 01 the p~ opuIarioo "'ported u PP….-..-.. Rom.. position to "scale the heights." The CattJh.ooIKIK, "..".d" …. <Oiother".. dch"u,rrddo "…"..".!".n-.".".d" pnro>ppoeortioo IDlOl n~ parted speakers on these teams are secreu d….ch .-…b..beenn. I.. c,o.dd>, ….. .".".d" "..'."..'"..'.r,.. taries of mission boards and kin- PN.:a.W:.wt.d.I "' .. Uu.M…JISsw….t.Cc- ~ dred organizations, prominent pas- tors, laymen and missionaries. The — appeal will also be made through the eye by striking charts which ex- press forcefully the missionary ideals of the Church, the present-day call of the fields and the response that has already been made to the call.

The message of this campaign will be strong and positive. As al- ready intimated, it will be a unified message, presenting the Kingdom outlook rather than the denomina- tional. This should do much to in- crease the unity of the · Christian Church in the accomplishment of its great task. It will also emphasize _ _— a ….—- _ _—— 0— the world-view of missions and the in past campaigns, will be visited. oneness of the campaign–home and By deputation or extension work to foreign.

adjoining territory it is planned to '

carry the message of this united ef- fort to every church in each district, incdluudding the most obscure country parish.

Twenty teams of speakers, with four men on each team, have been organized to conduct these two-day conferences. They will aim to place before the missionary leaders of the local chnrches the immediacy of the present opportunity at home and abroad, the inadequacy of the edu- cational and financial plans ilnl vogue to-day, and the larger plans and bet- HOW TH E lMlEETTHHQODD1IST CAKE ]IS8 CUT ter methods which if adopted and The percentage of missionary gifts used in varioouu!s.

fields "llnnd for administration. .

untie IWUUSSIIQQUURRY aUPlIGI

PIHBB1IIQB ~InSIOI.

– • .t.

.. ~ …. , ..:l.i-.l,f._ .:::,,~.~ ___ la'h•.•• '0,….!a–_…. – …. ~… ~I'U8BOIi!"~ .. ~""" … , •. ,// ~.r'" /")':' su(;;.;;.,…. – ..,.'i.~h 8".!."!.'1~I ~ …,.. .l l …. i:- ……..~. ~/1'"••u •• U .1:. !-… …… ….,.~….. ",. ……"o:rfl!·..

~ eoloWU" … IJ:)~G .,fi.1o••••• / "?U,-'i. _.- – – "~~:-/…… … .. – ….:-…… -hah ,,. -'-C.;;:.hr I ··r, __ ,I too •• a••IIU..l,…. • t ~".l'.l."'lU,. ~J~~a."'.J' ; __ ….. t,…… ' , I … , • I ..U …. .. , , …..,1.."……. -""1111…… "'fI.. …….. .-<<6i–I .•CC11..II''"" "'fI. ann •• •• ,~ Jil1.~.S'. •••• ~:….

,, ""__ll..llrr;j•.•• ••••• 8•.1.•''.*'7t1.1'".0…".'0'.'''.''.00.11''. .••.••t •• 1.. t •, •••I"•_111".11.1.00.. :E . . . . . •• ~ • ••• Ct'U.•••• ', ••••S•' •.ff ~••• I ,n. __ ….. _ …. IU·1 •• ilo. ……….., I . . . "II •••• _ _ ,, ,, Ol'U ••o~ "

MAP SHOWING THE UNITED MISSIONARY CAMPAIGN IN ONE DISTRICT Thi. represents the work of two teams in the Pittsburg Division-Meetings in 70 towns, Oct. 12 to Feb. 18

can do 'T/Je

Is mope than PPC!}' R..ESOURCES OF GOD MOST WORTH AFTER LIVING TO HIM ARE PROMISED WHOSE You have ppoyed: ONLY TO mOSE But you cannot WORK do mope than »Pay WHO UNDERTAKE Is MOST WORTH UNTIL 'T6e WHILE You have Ppayed· PROGRAM OF GOD – ~ 1~ " -~' – THEWORLDFORC~T THIS IS STEWARDSHIP IN THIS GENERATION GT~E~HNIEE~ROAN11L0YN I WE PRAY I~:~g: =iE~~~ST8 I~ will· place· no·value· on· I STUDY I. THE WORD OF GOD anything· I· have· 2. THE fACTS OF MISSIONS op .may· possess· except· in· PLAN I~::w:J~T relation· to .the .

I GIVE I.PIIIlI'OIITIIIImvlIIIwEELv CAN REACH KINGDOM rf CHRIST 2:EVERY ONE Of YOO- IJavid Livingstone I SERVE I. GOD BY HELPING UEN 2. AT HOME AND ABROAD The NOT file .FiPst WOPl( LIGHT How much of of the My Money will THAT SHINES WHOLE CHURCH I give to God .FARRTJIfEESSTf IS TO GIVE THE SHINES BUT GOSPEL BRIGHTEST How much of God"s Money to the NEAREST HOME wiilllII kkeeep – WHOLE WORLD – .- ,~, ~ 3 – fop mysellf MOTTOES USED IN THE UNITED MISSIONARY CAMPAIGN

THE CHURCH IN

The message will be inspirational, must have a share in this great unpresenting with stirring effect the dertaking. momentous facts of the missionary enterprise. As the late Dr. A. T. The message will be strong and Pierson said, "facts are the fuel of posit'lVe, and not apologetic. The day the missionary fire." Men who know for apologizing for missions, thank the facts and have seen the victories God, is passed, and passed forever. of the Church at work on our fron- The appeal in this campaign, if it is tiers, in our cities, among the immi- to win, must be of a virile character grants-who have witnessed the and must appeal to the heroic and darkness of heathenism illuminated sacrificial. The Christian men of by the light of the Gospel-are the America do not ask an easy taskones who will present the message it would make no appeal to them. so that there should be a great con- They have not lost the fire and heroflagration as a result of this cam- ism of their ancestors, nor has the paign. iron departed from their blood. What challenge is there to-day compared It is also to be a very practical to the missionary challenge to rally message. Too often have men been such men for a vigorous worldsatisfied with mere inspiration with- campaign? out action. Because a great address has been delivered and the hearers Is it too much to expect that this have appeared to be mightily moved kind of message, appealing as it in spirit, it has been taken for grant- must to all that is high and holy ed that the victory is won. But sad and heroic, will find a ready response experience has taught that inspira- in the hearts of a host of devoted· tion, without a considerable amount men and women? May we not beof perspiration, does not win the lieve that under the leadership of battle. Those who have to stay at the divine Son of God they will home have something to. do for the hasten to obey the summons to' the salvation of our great cities, for the conquest of a world? If that shall redemption of aur beloved land, and be the outcome then our generation for the evangelization of the world. may expect to see the accomplish- How shall they do it? A program ment of the mighty task to which of prayer and of ~ducation, a pro- our great Captain and Leader has gram of finance and of service, will called us. Then "He shall see of the be strest 1mtil every man who travail of His soul and shall be hears the message will feel that he sa tisfied."

Features of a Standard The Every-Member The Every-Meritber Mi••ionary Church C a n v a. .- H o w ? Canvass-Why 1. A Missionary Pastor. 1. Conduct educational cam- 1. The only method that en- Z. A Missionary Committee. Z. HpoaI :rnm• en's supper. lists entire membership. 3. A Missionary Sunday- 3. Exhibit church statistics. Z. Compels personal consid- 4. Set financial goal eration of duty. school S. Appoint canvassing com.. 3. Suppleatiftlts public in- 4. A Program of Prayer for mittee structiQn. Kiasions. 6. Canvass membership. 4. Increase. nlUllbet'· of 5. S),stematic Missionary W A. Goin Two by Two givers. '. Educltticm. S. Increases pll -6iterim;s. 6. An Annual Every-Member B. For eekty Offering v..lIii10£~rs. 7. Adopt Duplex envelape 67.. DReecvlealimop'Ss . ember•. CanvalS for :Misaions. S. Report progress often. S. Promote" f~I?:"Ftf'~.~, 7. The Weekly Offering for 9. Complete canvass soon.

Miseions.

METHODS FOR WORKERS AT

CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK MISSIONARY SUGGESTIONS FOR CHRISTMAS PROGRAMS IGHTLY viewed, ceiving at the Christmas entertain- ment rather than the blessedness of ImiRI Christmas is the most giving. Now, however, a gradual distinctively mission- change is being effected along this line. In an increasing number of ary holiday of the year, and should be kept as such by Sun- schools what is known as a "giving day-schools, Young People's Socie- Christmas" has become the rule, i. e., ties and missionary organizations of a Christmas in which the children every description. The angelic mes- bring gifts to the Lord Jesus to sage of the first Christmas day, "Be- supply the wants of His poor and hold, I bring you good tidings of needy ones at home, and extend His great joy, which shall be to ALL kingdom throughout the whole earth.

THE PEOPLE," has a distinct mis- It is to be hoped that the old-fash- sionary note which should always be ioned "receiving Christmas" will sounded. soon be a thing of the past~at least The Christmas missionary meeting in every well-to-do school.

should be the brightest and best of A Novel Christmas Entertainment the year. The room should be decorated with Christmas greens, the At the missionary conferences of program be made attractive with the Missionary Education Movement music and other special features ap- held at Silver Bay last July, the Rev. propriate to the great day, and George F. Sutherland, secretary of through it all should run a note of the Department of Missionary Edugood will to men and joyous thanks- cation in the Methodist Episcopal giving to God for the unspeakable Church, told of a novel Christmas gift of His Son. entertainment given by the Sunday- Special emphasis should also be school of Christ Methodist Episcopal Church in Madison, New Jersey, a placed on the giving. It is an almost suburb of New York, at which gifts universal custom to give gifts to persons on their birthdays, yet on were brought for foreign missions as Christ's· birthday the majority of well as the work nearer home. Christians have fallen into the The idea of a giving Christmas strange habit of giving gifts to one another and forgetting all about Him. was new in this school, and at first there was a good deal of opposition This has been especially true in the on the part of the teachers, on the Sunday~school where the children ground that the children would be of· well-to-do parents, already' sur- . disappointed if they did not receive feited with gifts and goodies at home, the usual gifts of candy and toys have been taught the pleasure of re- from the tree. Finally a compromise was effected. All the gifts were for Christmas dinners for the poor, they some form of missionary work, but came in a few at a til!1e with their there was a social gathering after guns. One boy happening along the program, at which ice cream was who had not been present when the served. plan was agreed on, the whole thing had to be explained to him. He im- T~ere was a Christmas tree gaily mediately went back to get his gun. decorated as in former years. But On his return the whole class went instead of having a lot of gifts out the side door of the church, fired around the tree, the children brought off a few blank cartridges, and came the gifts themselves, each class hav- back with a dozen rabbits! It was ing decided beforehand what the na- great fun for the boys. They seemed ture of its contribution should be. to think it about the biggest thing The program consisted largely of they had ever accomplished. "stunts" performed by the various classes in presenting their gifts. A class of j uriior girls, wearing sunbonnets like -farmers' lasses, The Men's Bible Class having brought in potatoes; another, with agreed upon mittens, socks and the girls drest in the quaint cosstockings, each man carried a paste- tume of the maid on Baker's Chocoboard box containing either a dozen late, gave packages of chocolate. A or a half dozen of whichever he had third carried in a large wooden box elected to give. of "Shredded Wheat," and made clever use of Shredded Wheat adver- A class of senior boys gave a tisements. barrel of apples which they rolled onto the platform themselves. A _ class of little girls from the Primary Department gave cans of A class of intermediate girls pre- Campbell Soup. They were drest pared a dinner for a poor family. as "Campbell Kids" and recited Before presenting it they gave a little Campbell Soup verses. dialog on the platform, in which they discust what they should- give The program closed with a tableau and how it should be prepared. by the Beginners' Department. The children were drest ready for bed, A class of senior girls packed a and had their stockings filled with box for a hospital in China contain- oranges, their contribution to the ing bedding, bandages and a little Christmas party. table linen. Representing themselves to be a class of Chinese girls on the With the exception of the gifts Pacific Coast, they gave a clever for China and some supplies for poor little dialog in which the needs and families in Madison, everything was conditions of the Chinese people were shipped that night to Newark, New clearly set forth. Jersey, the nearest point of need, to be used in City Mission Work. A class of intermediate boys brought a rabbit apiece (not live It proved a most interesting and ones, of course) which they pre- profitable entertainment, and was sented in a novel manner. Trans- voted a great success by the entire forming the platform into a street school. "Gee! that was a lot better corner where they had agreed to meet to go hunting to get rabbits for

than candy," was the enthusiastic year to a Home in North CarOlina, comment of one small boy. nothing but money was asked for at A Home Missionary Entertainment this time. Each class was allowed The Sunday-school of the First to select its own special object for Baptist Church, Bennington, Ver- its gifts, but was asked to keep that mont, gave a very successful and object a secret.

helpful Home Missionary Christmas On the platform stood a Christmas entertainment last Christmas, prepa- tree, beautiful in its living green, but rations for which began with Rally devoid of decorations of any kind.

Day. Mrs. Alfred S. Davis told At the appointed time representatives the story at Silver Bay last July. of the classes came forward, one at On Raily Day, held in the previous a time, and hung on the tree some October, .each class was asked to article typical of the special object drop into a box a sealed "Declaration they had chosen, their contribution of Purpose;" i. e., a sealed envelop being concealed within it. The audi- eOhtairiing a statement of something ence was then asked to guess what definite tne class had decided to ~t­ the object was.

tempt along the line of home mission- Among the articles hung on the ary work ·during the three months tree were the following: Small toy ~nding with Christmas. ship (Immigrant work); doll drest At the Christmas entertainment as an immigrant with an immigrant's one feature of the program was the pack (also Immigrant work); toy opening of this box. The envelops car (chapel-car work); Eskimo doll were handed back to the classes and (Alaska); black Dinah ( Freedmen's a representative of each was called to work) ; Indian moccasins, Indian doll, the platform to read its "Declaration and Indian canoe (offerings from of Purpose" and testify as to whether three different classes for the North or no the class had lived up to it. American Indians) .

Some of the classes had agreed to The school is not a large one and raise money for various phases of only the Intermediate and Adult De- home missionary work; one had partments participated (the Primary promised $25 for new books for the and Junior Departments held their Sunday-school library; another had festivities on an afternoon during decided to visit the inmates of the the week following Christmas), yet Poor Farm and read and sing to the contributions amounted to $28.

them and keep them supplied with After the program there were games, papers, magazines and books. All guessing contests and refreshments.

the classes had done well and made In larger schools where foreign a very creditable showing. missions are included also, a great Another feature of the program variety of objects might be used.

was the presenting of gifts to the For China, a small Chinese lantern, Lord Jesus on His birthday for the a shoe or a doll would be appro- extension of His kingdom in needy priate; for Japan, a lantern, parasol, parts of the home mission field. As or bunch of chrysanthemums or the school sends large boxes of cherry blossoms made out of paper; clothing and other supplies every for Turkey, a candy box in the shape

METHODS FOR WORKERS AT HOME 9

uf a Thanksgiving turkey; for Siam, guided parents; war, slavery, opa small white elephant; for Africa, pression and other sorrows prevalent a miniature grass hut; for Egypt, in Palestine and elsewhere). a pyramid; for India, a doll; for ., 2. The expected Redeemer, the Korea, a model of a Korean hat; Hope of the Hebrews. for medical missions, a doll drest as a nurse, a model of a hospital or 3. Annunciation of the Shepherds a tiny satchel such as many doctors and birth of Christ, the Light of the carry.

The idea of the sealed "Declaration of Purpose" couullcd! be used to induce the children to make Christmas offerings of time and talents to the Lord, the classes being asked to drop their sealed envelops into a box at the Christmas entertainment, the opening to be a feature of the proggrraa:m of Easter Sunday oOrf Children's Day.

PrrOo.lfrraamms for Christmas Sunday CHINESE cCoOsSrTUUMMEES FOR MiUISSSSIIOONNARY SUNDAY (For a full description of these pro- World. When the birth of Christ grams, see Sunday School Times for was announced a small electric bulb, connected with a dry battery, flashed ccrf 22, 1913.) out its light on the map at Bethlehem In the Bedford Presbyterian Bible in Judea. School of Brooklyn, New York, it is the custom to combine Christmas 4. Purpose of Christ's coming and with missions in the program on His farewell message:' to His follow- Christmas Sunday. Variety and ers to be "angels" bearing the Christnovelty, Christmas joy and earnest mas message to all the world. missionary purpose have been combined with great success. Outlines 5.' Gradual spread of the Light of three programs used in this school around the little land of Palestine, in recent years are herewith given. w'hile most of the world remained in 1I. "The Light of the World." For darkness. th'is program, a large map of the world was hung on the wall and an 6. Lands where missionaries have appropriate talk was given on the carried the Gospel, planted schools world as it was in the time of Christ and as it is now, the whole being made effective by the use of small electric lights.. The outline of the talk was as follows: I. Vivid pictures of the darkness and evil · in the world when Christ came (ignorance of children, their neglect or murder by cruel or mis-

and hospitals .and won converts to the actual testimonies of real con- Christ. At the mention of each verts given in the Assembly Herald field an electric light flashed out on the for December, 1gog. They came ma,p until it was dotted all over. most realistically, like voices from far away, and were very impressive. 7. The need of the world to-day. The testimonies included those from In token of our appreciation of His Kim Sung Suk, Taiku, Korea; Christmas gift, God asks .its. to Elishua of Degala, Persia; Engsih of make Christmas offerings in order Ningpo, China; Matias Jaucian of the that the news of Christ's coming Philippines; Muragishi of Japan; may be carried to those who are still Yeshwant from Kolhapur, India; in darkness-as the angels carried and Senora Margarita of Chile. the news to the Shepherds. In connection with each of these II. "Christmas in Many Lands." three programs there was, of course, For this program members of the a missionary offering, each class beschool were asked to recite, in cos- ing allowed to select its own object tume, stories of how Christmas is and what it should give. Some gave celebrated in non-Christian lands. dolls to hospitals in the city, others The recitations were taken from the gave money to Water Street Mis- Assembly Herald for December, sion, New York; to a hospital in 1909, and were as follows: "Christ- China; to the lepers in India; to the mas in Pyeng Yang, Korea"; "How work in Korea; to missions among the Poo Ying Boys Had a Merry the North American Indians; or the Christmas (China)"; "Christmas at mountaineers of the Southland. A Ludhiana, India"; "Merry Christmas variety of obj ects was suggested by at Elat, West Africa"; "Christmas in the missionary committee and a few the Philippines" ; "Christmas in of the classes gave to missions in Brazil." which they had been interested all the year. The Christian idea of Christmas was emphasized rather than folklore The Missionary Christmas is voted celebrations. The interest was un- the very best kind of a Christmas in wavering and a deep missionary im- Bedford Bible School and it is hoped pression was made. THE MISSION- and expected that the interest awak- ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD and ened will not only result in present other mIssIonary magazines have good, through broadened vision and published from time to time suitable enlarged hearts, but that some of material for programs such as this. the members will form the purpose The costumes may either be made to go themselves as missionaries of or may be rented from the mission Christ in response to His last comboards or the Missionary Education mand. Movement. A Mid·Summer Christmas III. "Christmas Messaflcs from Heathen Lands." This program con- When Christmas comes many a sisted of recitations .by boy~ and girls missionary organization· finds itself from the· schoo!' in costume, imper- wishing it could do something ~or sonating Qonverts from heathenism in the children of missionary lands who mission lands. The recitations were have no Christmas at all save as 'the

METHODS FOR WORKERS AT

missionaries provide it for them with Episcopal hospital at Seoul (see gifts sent for the purpose by friends "The Happiest Girl in Korea," by in the home land. But it is too late. Minerva L. Guthapfel, chapter I) Anything done along this line must would be excellent to use in this be done long months before Christ- connection. So also would "Tired mas. It takes so long to prepare of Missions."* a dialog by Kaththings and send them to the foreign arine Young Thaxter, which treats field. of a band of young women who be- came tired of missions and voted At Silver Bay last July, Mr. Harry to give up the work they had been S. Myers, of the Missionary Educa- doing, among other things the prepation Movement, told how one school ration of a box of Christmas gifts for solved the problem by holding a a mission school in Japan. The Christmas entertainment in July! second scene pictures the dismay of There was an interesting program the missionaries and the disappointand a tree on which the children ment of the children when word is hung things to be sent to a mission- received that no box will be sent ary to provide Christmas gifts for that year. the little children under her care. When the real Christmas came, six A c::;bristmas Candle Talk months later, there was joy in that school over the thought of how happy Like Charles H. Spurgeon of Lonthey were making the children over don, Mr. Charles H. Yatman, the the sea. evangelist, has often given a "Candle Sermon" which has delighted thou- Schools adopting this plan would sands of people. Somewhat enlarged do well to make an announcement of to make it more distinctively misit at their Christmas celebrations in sionary, Mr. Yatman's sermon makes December, as it takes some time to a fine talk for a Christmas program. dress dolls and make and collect other things suitable for the purpose. An assortment of candles of all Nothing of the kind must be attempt- sizes and many colors, representing ed, however, without first writing to different characters and races, should the denominational mission board to be provided and kept in concealment ask where such a box would be ac- until it is time to introduce them ceptable and just what to put in it. to the audience. If it is not possible Things that make acceptable gif,,, to provide candlesticks for so many in one field might not do at all in candles, they can be !'astened singly another, and the cost of duty and or in small groups to inexpensive tin transportation make it imperative pie plates by holding a lighted match that nothing be sent that is useless. for a moment under the lower end [Directions for packing and sending of the candle and letting a few drops such boxes were given at length in of the wax fall onto the plate. If THE MISSIONARY REVIEW for Sep- the candle is immediately placed on tember; 1903, pages 682-684.] these drops of wax, it will harden at The st~ry of Oak-pun-ie, the little *"Tir,ed of Missions," by Katharine Y-oung, crippled 'girl Who found such joy Thaxter. Woman's North Pacific Presbyterian in a Christmas tree in the Methodist Board of Missions, Portland, Ore.

once and remain in place. The can- if desired, those suggested by local conditions being especially desirable. dles must not be placed too close For example, if a missionary has gone out from the church or school, together on the tin plates as the heat there should be a candle to represent him (or her) and a special set of will make them melt. candles to represent the people among whom he is at work. There should be candles to repre- No one should attempt to give sent the following characters: this talk who is not familiar with giving object talks to children and The Primary Class in the Sunday- every precaution should be taken school and teachers (a group of against fire. little candles with several large ones). Sugge.tion. for the Chri.tmaa Program Miss Fairface from Fifth Avenue (a candle beautifully decorated in There is no lack of appropriate colors and gilt). material for every part of the Christ- Tommy Dirt from Tangle-foot Alley (a candle much smeared with mas mISSiOnary program. Here is a soot). list of some of it that may prove Jim Worst, the drunkard (a large white candle cut almost, but not helpful: quite, through to the wick in sections about an inch long, so that Scripture Lesson. "The First it will be unsteady like a drunken man). Christmas Gifts." There are many Topsy (a black candle); passages of Scripture appropriate for Mr. Turnback (a candle with a very short wick, that will burn only the Christmas meeting, but none a short time) . Mr. Preach-the-Gospel (a large more so than Matt. 2: I-II, with candle to represent a missionary). special emphasis on verse I r. The A group of yellow candles, some story of the presentation of the large, some small, to represent the gifts of the Wise Men to the infant Chinese; of black ones, for the natives of Africa; of red ones for the Savior as told in "Ben Hur," book North American Indians; of brown I, chapter 14, makes an excellent ones for the Japanese, Siamese, or South Sea Islanders. Brown and reading to use in connection with black candles must be painted, as this Scripture Lesson.

they can not be bought. Prayer. "A Christmas Gift of "Shining for Jesus" is the topic Prayer for ." In December, of the talk accompanying the candles, 1889, the Rev. James S. Dennis, D.D., the object being to show, by lighting contributed an article to "Woman's the candles, one at a time, that all Work" entitled "A Christmas Gift classes of people, large and small, of Prayer for Syria," that being the rich and poor, rio matter where they month of prayer for Syria in the live or what their color, can become calendar of the Presbyterian Church. followers of Jesus and shine· for This makes a beautiful and sug- Him. By letting one candle light gestive title to give to the Christmas another, the lesson that one person can lead another to Christ may~lso service of prayer, the topic for be imprest. prayer in other denominations for Other characters can be introduced December being substituted for Syria.

Music. In addition to the carols

METHODS FOR WORKERS AT

"PLEASE GO SHARES" Inca Melody Harmonized by Charles Gardner ~~~~I+'' I+ ~=Jf: ~:~ ffi ..J.-:-a<9- tff;=EE;~L-• b:~ –=~ -=– :~ -p1 –:..: =+= _ –~I-•— ~+.— t–=–=—l1i– – —4 – – —_ -,-<–~-~ I – + ~ ~or~ -=1- :1- -1- —=====+= ff–=-=-rs=:":c" t-=-=–=~+l -~w==-t=~ =-Ij~=I=I~.=.~-==~-=1 t-=~9 -t=.==9~Er.II ..-=~~.!– .I1·.-II~~ ,I-l- — -~..II '- ===– — I=-~ III~·='–£r~.~ L-"y~ '=- -_—.=-_J~_-I~ l=_ =~==_~==I_D ~~~==D SONG OF THE BROWN CHILDREN SONG OF THE WHITE CHILDREN We have heard of Santa Claus, Listen, Iudian girls and boys I We will answer to your song, We, the children of Peru; We should like a Christmas, too- We are happy all day long, Please go shares with yours! Not because of books and toys, We have heard of pretty toys, But because of Christ above, We, the children of Peru; He who loves us one and all; We should like some playthings, too- He who sees the sparrow's fall, Tho we're only Indian boyyss_, He who makes us love.

We have heard of do1ies, too, I forgot vou did not know- We, the brown-skinned Indian girls, But He loves you same as me; With our black and tangled curls- Wants you good and glad to be; We should like to play with you. Vants you like Himself to grow.

We have heard of play-books, too, lOU shaall1l share our books and toys, We, the boys who can not spell: You shall love our Jesus, too; Happy English children telI- We will all be friends with you, Shaall1l we ever be like you? 'Cause we love you Indian boysl and Christmas hymns found in every Hawaii; "Arabic Jubilee," a sweet hymn-book, it would be well to make and plaintive Arabic air with the use of Christmas music from the words, "Hark, the Herald Angels mission field. In "Peru, Its Story, Sing," in English; and "Aya Isa, People and Religion," by Geraldine Yar, Sade Pas," a Punjabi Christmas Guinness, page 145, there is a native hymn used as a carol by the natives Inca melody with English words, en- of JulIunder, India, one Christmas titled "Please Go Shares!" which when they came from the surroundwould make a fine number for the ing villages and encamped in tents Christmas program in the Sunday- in order to spend Christmas with school. In "Music from the Mission the missionaries. Field" (United Society of Christian Endeavor, Tremont Temple, Boston, A Christmas Impersonation. "God's Mass., price IO cents) there are three Christmas Gift," the story of Soo- Christmas numbers that could be boonagam AmmaIl, a high-caste used in any society: "Hele I Ke Hindu girl who left her home on Kula," a Christmas hymn from Christmas night because she was not allowed to worship God, and took

refuge with Miss Grace Stevens, a [See the Sunday School Times, Demissionary of the Methodist Church cember 14, 1912.] in Madras, would make a fine impersonation for the Christmas meet- "A Hungry Christmas," an expeing, especially of a young woman's rience of David Livingstone in circle. It is a wonderful story that Africa. [See "Last Journals of never fails to make a deep impres- David Livingstone," entry of Decemsion and should be given by a good ber 25, 1866.] speaker, a singer if possible, drest in native costume. [A condensed ac- "Christmas with Formosan Headcount of the story of Sooboonagam Hunters." [See "From Far Formay be found in THE MISSIONARY mosa," by George Leslie Mackay, pages 262-264.] REVIEW for December, 1903. The costume is easily managed and costs "Christmas Among the Lepers of Chandag," an account of a Christbut little. [See "Oriental Costumes mas spent with Mary Reed by Doc- tor Martha Sheldon. rSee "Life of and How to Make Them," price 5 Mary Reed," by John Jackson.] cents, Woman's Baptist Foreign Mis- "A Christmas Feast on Tanna," slOnary Society, Ford Building, Bos- how Christmas was kept on the ton, Mass.] island of Tanna, where John G. Paton did his first work in the New Christmav' Readings and Stories. Hebrides. [See "Lomai of Lenakel," Wherever the missionary goes he by Frank H. L. Paton.] takes Christmas with him, sometimes a Christmas of gift-making and "Christmas in the Grenfell COUl,- feasting, always a Christmas where try," how Grenfell and his associates Christ is proclaimed as on the first play Santa Claus to the children who Christmas Day. True stories of the live in little huts scattered up amI sacrifices great mIssIOnaries have down the Labrador Coast. [See "The made to preach the Gospel on Christ- Congregationalist and Christian mas day where Christ is not known, iVork." December J2, 1912.] and accounts of Christmas festivals in mission schools should form a "What the Reindeer Brought," a large part of the Christmas program. brief story of a Christmas in Alaska Here is a list of some of the material where Santa Claus visited the homes available along this line: of the boys and girls in a mission school in a real sleigh drawn by "How Twenty Islands Heard the real reindeer. [See "Adventures Gospel," a story of Doctor Coke's with Four-Footed Folk," Revell, first Christmas in the West India Islands. [See the Sunday Sclzool "What Christmas Brought to Motk Times, December 14, 1912.] Sen," a beautiful and touching story of the leper discovered in Syracuse, "Making A Plum-pudding Under New York, and how a ministering Difficulties," how Hannington kept angel in the form of a Christian Christmas in Central Africa. [See woman led him to Christ and made life of Hannington by either Dawson Christmas a joy to him. rSee the or Berry.] Sunday School Times, May 17, "A Christmas with Cannibals," 19 13. ] Christmas, 1814, when Samuel Mars- The Printed Program. If printed den preached the Gospel for the first time to the Maoris of New Zealand. programs are to be used, try print- ing them on the back of either Brown or Perry pictures of some scene in the life of Christ or on some Orient picture appropriate to the Christmas season. If it costs too much to print them, the work can be done on a mimeograph nearly as effectively.

THE UNCHANGEABLE IN CHINA*

BY REV. ARTHUR H. SMITH, D.D. Author of "China and America To·day/' uChina in Convulsion." etc.

Adminiatrative Change. with such an innate, developed, and IOIiF. all the r.ecent adminis- confirmed respect for law, have in trative changes in China practise never been able to keep order the one of most practi- throughout the whole empire. Some- cal importance to the where a rebellion was always in evi- people is doubtless that dence, appearing, or perhaps just dis- by which the local ma- appearing. Piracy on the seacoast gistrates are no longer men from a and brigandage inland have been at distance, but, generally speaking, are certain seasons the normal conditions natives of the province itself. They of almost every province, but of deal with a local council called an I some far more than of others.

Shih Hui. This body, the constitu- The "quiet anarchy" which has tion of which differs widely in dif- been remarked during the past year ferent places, is in reality a close has always existed in China, and we corporation which can often (but not may add will exist, until the grave eco- always) neutralize the actions of the nomic problems of this great land and district magistrate, and in many cases great people find some approach to (but not by any means in all) can solution. And this will be true in the force him out of office. Thus for the future as it has been in the past, quite first time in the age-long history of independent of the form of· govern- China is most realized the ancient ment. It is an ominous sign that the dictum of the book of history, that bomb which exploded at the railway "the people are the root of the station in Peking in 1905. upon the country." It is, unhappily, necessary occasion of the departure of the to add that if, as not infrequently commission to study constitutional happens, the scheming and evil ele- government abroad, has been fol- ments always found in organized lowed at frequent intervals by similar society are predominant, the I Shih attacks upon public men with this and Hui only established a new form of with other weapons. Political mur- social and political tyranny which can ders have become endemic ln' China, neither be resisted nor overthrown, which in this respect at least may be the monarchial King Log being re- said to have become thoroughly mod- placed by the republican King Stork. ernized.

On the other hand, if the local coun- The administration of the provin- cil really responds to and' represents cial governments and of their. sub- the popular will, the latter have at a divisions, always complex, has under bound practically attained complete the republic become far more so self-government. It is one of the than ever before. The old titles of historic puzzles of China that a people office are almost entirely abolished, *Conc1usjon of Chapter I in th~ China Mission Year Book for 1913,

and new ones have sprung into portance. The traffic on this route, general use, which often turn out to both passenger and freight, is heavy, ~e those current in ancient dynasties, and is rapidly increasing. The ·man- such as Tutu for governor. The agement of all the rail lines leaves civil and the military in this period of much to be desired, especially in the transition are no longer strictly de- item of responsibility for freight and limited. Prefectural and sub-prefect- for luggage, for the convenience and ural cities (fu and chou) as well as the comfort of the passengers, and the peculiar class known as t'ing, are for the sale of through tickets on all to be abolished, which must in- connecting lines with adequate trans- volve the renaming of many cities. fer facilities. Some of these greatly I n some provinces, as Shansi, this needed improvements we are told are seems to have been alr~ady accom- already on the way, tho most of plished, but for some unexplained rea- them appear to be coming by "slow son in others little or nothing has freight." been heard of it. The laws of the great pure dynasty are (theoretically) The growth of the Chinese postal no longer in force, but as no code, service continues to be phenomenal and especially no criminal code, has and satisfactory, altho the slow rouyet been adopted to take its place, de- tine of official publication does not cisions are at the discretion of the even yet afford later statistics than magistrate, with results upon which as to the close of 19II, at which time yet it is difficult to generalize with the service was maintained, and safety. There is a (theoretical) rev- throughout the revolution, with surolution also in the methods of the prizing efficiency. . In a country like collection or taxes, of reckoning cash China where comparative promptness into silver, and the like, but in this and reasonable security have been al- (as in everything else), there is no most unattainable, the registered letuniformity. ter and parcels post are peculiarly prized. Its postal improvements ex- Financial Problems hibit perhaps the most impressive progress which China has made dur- " For many months together scarcely ing the past 16 years. Another half any provincial funds were remitted to generation will doubtless witness such Peking, the general government being an expansion as now appears incredcompelled to depend upon small loans, ible. The new government has shown and to subsist mainly upon the in- its wisdom in its reduction of the come of the state railroads, which has previously almost prohibitory telebeen maintained at a gratifyingly graph tariff, and, more recently, cable high figure. Railways have now be- rates. Currency reform, the promise come thoroughly naturalized in China, of which was so cordially welcomed and generally speaking they are every- in the British and the American treawhere welcomed. The long expected ties of I I years ago, seems even opening last December of the farther away than it did then. There through line from Tientsin to Pukow are as many varieties of dollars and on the Yang-tze, with the magnifI- as many kinds of taels as ever, and cent bridge over the Yellow River at there is the same thorny jungle of Lokow, was an event of national im-

THE UNCHANGEABLE IN CHINA

"exchange," whether in Chinese cash- western world is overflowing. But shops, in mercantile establishments, national pride and universal distrust or in the foreign banks, with their prevent.

time-honored tormula: "Heads I win, The Chinese Golden Fleece taels you lose." It may be necessary A syndicate of syndicates checked to keep accounts in taels, in some of by adequate international guaranties, the numerous kinds of dollars, in employing Chinese labor and Chinese silver fractional currency, in ten-cash skill as a medium, might conceivably copper pieces, and in brass cash, until within the compass of two generations in his hopeless (and helpless) be- make China the richest country that wilderment, resident and traveler is or was, but at present the capture alike learns, more or less successfully, of the golden fleece, or the com- to take joyfully the spoiling of his mercialization of the fruit of the goods. Customs returns and trade garden of the Hesperides would not statistics alike exhibit the wonderful be more impracticable. In the mean- business vitality and the recuperative time the lucid report of the Central power of the Chinese people. Good China Famine Relief Committee is a government, with an honest and an finger-post pointing to the line along impartial dispensation of justice under which China must grope her way if a code of laws approved by Chinese she aspires ever to reconstruct the public sentiment, would within a prevailing discordant relations be- measurable time make China one of tween heaven, earth and man.

the great countries of the earth. The Every province in China is urgently unending problem of how to deal in need of modern science applied to with famine conditions in China natural resources, the control of oppresses China itself, and more par- rivers, the dredging of harbors, the ticularly foreigners in China, with its afforestation of mountains, the im- deadly and its accumulating weight. provement of seed, the intelligent and Scientific surveys of famine areas, systematic acclimatization of new like that of Mr. Jameson in central plants, the recovery of exhausted China, serve to show the stupendous soils, the conquests of soda-flats, and magnitude of the treatment necessary a hundred other like enterprises. By to adequate control of China's rain- these means in some future genera.

fall. Yet within a few decades the tion, the "farmers of forty centuries"

vast sums required to accomplish this will for the first time reap the due re- would all come back in bountiful and ward of their unmatched patience, uninterrupted harvests. Two deadly perseverance, and industry.

deficiencies, however, render China at In connection with the struggle present as incapable of escaping such against famine, it is worthy of men- calamities as of neutralizing the law tion that the practical introduction of of gravitation. There is no available the Red Cross Society is an event of funded capital, and there is no mutual international importance, which will confidence. There is also a third be better appreciated by the Chinese lack, that of scientific knowledge, when they shall have learned to bring altho this might be remedied by bor- its administration into line with that rowing the experience with which the of the most advanced Western na-

tions. There is in China great apti- ence which met in Peking in 191 I, and tude for this type of work, and there again the following year, attended by is a universal and an overwhelming representatives from all the provinces, need. Through the Red Cross organ- decided that to require school children ization the numerous existing chari- to memorize the classical books before ties of China, so many of which have they are old enough to understand but recently lost their income and are them is contrary to the principles of falling into desuetude, might be re- modern pedagogy, and that with the incarnated and might become a na- introduction of the new subjects the tional blessing. children can not afford the time to commit the classics to memory. The The political uncertainties of the course of study for the middle and past year have prevented any note- higher schools has not been issued, worthy progress in Chinese govern- so that we do not definitely know ment education, if indeed there has what the government intends to do 110t been serious retrogression. Wide in them, but it is probable that the regions often have no pretense of any Chinese classics will find a place in primary schools except of the old the course of study when the minds type, and in other places while the of the students are mature enough to old is tabooed, the new is practically understand them.* The important non-existent, or might better be so. bearing of this policy upon the moral Callow youths are turned out by the education of the Chinese people is "short-cut" normal schools (which obvious, and must more and more bemight better be styled abnormal) to come an object of serious discussion. pretend to teach subjects which they The experiment in Japan in relaxing themselves have not half mastered, to moral restraints without replacing scholars who have not half learned them by religious influences ought how to study anything. not be disregarded in China. The long predicted time when the Chinese, Educational Changes or the directive part of them are more ready to change than to conserve, has The old learning is hopelessly already arrived. The city walls of gone, and the new has not come Canton, Shanghai, and Hangchow, are to fill its place. In many of the in process of demolition. New gates higher institutions culminating with are opened at the corners of the walls the Peking University, there is a of the capitals of Shantung, and of mischievous theory of authorized li- Szechwan, and perhaps elsewhere. cense under the name of liberty, The walls of the Imperial City in which makes both the principal and Peking have had many openings made the professors subject alike to the in them without gates, for the public "referendum" and to the "recall," convenience. The large plaza bedemoralizing the whole process of tween the Forbidden City and the education and boding ill for its future. great Front Gate (Ch'ien Men) is The Board of Education, itself in a now open to public traffic. Markettransition state, has seemed to be unable or unwilling to cope with the "See a letter by Mr. Fong F. Sec in the Chinese new conditions. Recorder, December, 1912, The Central Educational Confer-

THE UNCHANGEABLE IN

places for the people, and even parks, cultural China can not be squared are projected in parts of Peking once with solar months, for in China semi-sacrosanct. The Temple of "month" and "moon" are synonymous Heaven and that of Agriculture have terms. It is indeed the finest example been employed as spacious fair- and proof of the proverbial constancy grounds, and the complaints against of the moon that despite republican such "desecration" have come mainly insults she continues to shine on as if from foreigners. It is certainly desir- rothing had happened.

able that adequate police protection Changing the Unchangeable should be afforded to such memorials of an epoch gone by, that they may The disappearance of the Chinese be kept in a state of suitable preser- queue has been very gradual and in- vation for generations yet to come. complete, and despite ill-advised In all parts of China magistrates are orders from military sources leading clearing out temples to be used as to blackmail, terrorism, and violence, public schools, and are diverting the this appendage may be said to be temple lands to their support, with or throughout rural China very deeply without the consent of the people. In rooted. Even where it has been re- many instances the people them5elve~ moved it is frequently laid carefully take the lead, and the magistrates away, so that when there comes offer no opposition. At the New another political overturn it can be Year season the police in Peking deftly tied on again. In northern (and elsewhere) forbade the explo- Kiangsu and in southern Shantung sion of firecrackers as an obsolete fhe saying went: superstition calculated to excite ridi- Yu-liao pien-tzu pu hao hun; cule abroad, and to alarm the people Ch'u-liao pien-tzu p'a Chang Hsun. at home who might mistake them for "One can't subsist if still he wears a a revolutionary attack! queue, The movement toward a revived Yet fears without it what Chang Hsun Buddhism (if such there be) is prob- may do."

ably mainly a device of the priests Kneeling is practically out of fash- to save their revenues. In the south ion, but some magistrates require priests and nuns alike have been un- litigants who have not changed their ceremoniously expelled from their style of hair-dressing to kneel, while monasteries and advised to "go others are allowed to stand. The home." pretty Manchu curtsey is gone, or at The Western Calendar is thorough- least rapidly going, and the indis- ly established in official use, but the pensable kotow is needed no longer, people at large almost entirely dis- but is generally, as in western lands, regard it, and will have none of it. regarded as a mark of intolerable How is it possible for Chinese to get servility. In certain circles hand- on with no knowledge of when the ~haking has become nearly universal, first and the fifteenth days of the but the Chinese have not yet learned moon are to falJ? The three day or that the guest should be allowed his five day markets so intimately inter- choice of forms. As in the troubled Voven with the greater part of agri- wake of the French Revolution titles

are for the most part abolished. Yuan since, of whom much more will be Shih-kai, Dr. Sun Wen, any official of heard later. Chinese lady physicians any rank, any man in general, "the and trained nurses are everywhere in butcher, the baker, the candle-stick demand at dazzling salaries, and the maker," the blind beggar on .the supply is infinitesimal. The education street are all alike hsien-sheng or of the women in China has not been plain, flat "mister." Foreigners are a slow and a normal evolution, but a compelled to recognize that the polite- superimposition upon existing pro- ness hitherto ingrained in the Chinese cedure. Chinese social restraints are is disappearing, leaving behind to everywhere tending to break down take its place, or a small part of it, a where the new influences are in the compound of stiffness and more than ascendant, and the educated young occidental brusqueness which makes women of China are in great peril of one sigh for the former days. Cere- gaining intellectual enlightenment at monies, too, are either abolished, alto- the expense of their greatest treasure.

gether, or so transformed as to be Chinese women are now actually ap- unrecognizable. The bride perhaps pearing on the stage. It is no longer goes to her wedding no longer in a an uncommon occurrence for a young sedan-chair, but in a carriage, wears Chinese woman, married or unmar- a wreath of flowers, and is married ried makes no difference, to address with a ring. A compendious essay a mixed audience upon a popular sub- might be composed on the marvelous ject, at times with surprizing force changes in Chinese costume, especially and fervor. Wild social theories are that of Chinese ladies. making-have already made-their The Chinese language is itself prob- way into feminine circles in high life, ably undergoing a more rapid evolu- unchallenged and apparently un- tion than any tongue used by man. noticed. The abolition of marriage is Threats of phonetic alphabets for it earnestly advocated. In the autumn are frequently emitted, and in general of last year a Chinese woman from a linguistically nobody knows either distant part of the country made her where we are or where we are going. appearance in the capital of Shansi, New Women in China and drest in men's clothes, gave an address on the public street in The most comprehensive and far which she informed her auditors that reaching change of all, greatly tran- men, and women, and everybody are scending in importance the spectacb.- all on a level (ping teng) and that lar alteration in the form of govern- the five relations are now all abol- ment, is the potential and in part the ished. Dr. Sun Wen has declared actual liberation of the women of himself a socialist of a pronounced China, one of the great events in the type. He is honest, able and fearless, social history of mankind. Western and were he once in charge of the influences now readily penetrate ship of state might bring about re- everywhere in China, so that we have sults which would throw the feats of seen militant women in the revolu- old Wang An-Shih of the Sung tion, and resolute suffragettes ever dynasty quite into the shade.

The Parliament foreign powers; by the prevalence of Owing to exceptional circumstances new national ideals; by the influence the foregoing general review has been of a common education; by improved necessarily brought down to the as- communication between different parts sembling of China's first Parliament, of China; by the wide circulation of April 8th, and later. With that im- newspapers and books of the new portant event the history of China type; and especially by representative enters upon a new and a dramatic government in lihe provinces and in stage. There is a constitutional strug- the capital. To this process no limit gle-which may easily become un- can be set. constitutional between the Provisional Government and the Parliament. The III. The chinese have shown themlatter, after wasting in bitter quar- selves, especially within the past two rels several precious weeks in elect- decades, as susceptible to world in- fluences as any other people. This ting its officers, is thirsting to take must be increasingly true in future. into its inexperienced hands the entire IV. Chinese respect for law and destinies of China. Both the Senate and the House are far too unwieldy historic submission to constituted bodies to be efficient. Party spirit authority has always been tempered by a powerful element of "passive"

is bitter and acrimonious. The mur- democracy, which has assumed the der of Mr. Sung Chiao-jen in right to resist administrative wrongs. Shanghai in the month of March was The composition of these forces will a most unfortunate incident, and has not improbably make or tend to come near to plunging the country make, the Chinese "Republic" in into civil war. The signing of the some respects a government different Quintuple loan late in April without from any that the world has seen. reference to the views of the as yet V. History has shown that no unorganized House of Parliament country and no alien race can per- (Chung I Yuan) added a large sup- manently dominate China and the ply of fuel to the already fierce Chinese race. The difficulties of such flames. domination are now infinitely General Principles greater than ever before and are steadily increasing. May we venture to conclude this portion of our inadequate survey with VI. China might conceivably be a few general principles? overrun by a sufficient alien force; but no matter how great the force I. Whatever happens to China the employed, China could not be profit- three hundred or more millions of the ably administered. . As an inevitable Chinese people are to be reckoned result of such an attempt, no matter with as an actual and an increasingly how apparently successful, the Chi- greater force in the world. nese themselves would reap most of II. Events have shown that the the advantages, and the country, or historic disunity of the Chinese people countries, making the experiment is susceptible of being gradually trans- must eventually relinquish it, or be formed into a unity. This process is themselves confronted with financial greatly assisted by the pressure of and economic ruin.

A TWICE-BORN "TURK"-PART

THE REMARKABLE REMINISCENCES OF A CONVERTED MOSLEM SHEIKH TRANSL:TED BY ARTHUR T. UPSON, CAIRO, EGYPT Superintendent of the Nile Mission Press ~A HMED' the narrator, whole province of Adana. At a ~ says: At eig~t o'clock suitaLlc opportunity I told him pri- next mornmg the vately what had been told to me Sheikh 'and his boy about the danger to us and the Chris- ;s were standing on ~he tians. His eyes filled with tears, and path by the Ezbekleh he said, "There is no power and no Gardens of Cairo. Here they were strength but in God." met by the Bey, who, after exchange of salutations, turned to the Sheikh I replied: "Doubtless, but Gael and said, "Let us go together to a has given us senses and bodily cafe where I may hear the remain- strength with which to flee from dander of your story." ger. Now leave off trusting to the Sufis or to political arguments, other- Sheillh: A day or two after the wise you will be held responsible in director of the Secondary School this world and the next." He asked had left I saw the Moslems, and the me to inform the Committee of Mohammedite Society in particular, Union and Progress, and I went to preparing for a new insurrection. them with all haste. When I told They were getting ready various thcm the news, I found that they arms as tho they were expecting were rather hoping that some decisive to meet a strong enemy, and when action would take place, and were I asked a friend for the reason, he planning to flee if necessary. They told me that strict orders had been also hoped to take vengeance. upon received from Constantinople, telling the }Iohammedites* at a suitable the Mohammedite Society to hasten time. in order to wipe out all the Constitutionalists and to cut down the r next went to the Mitran (Bish- Christians, for they had taken part with them in aiming at the over- op) of the Orthodox Greeks and inthrow of the Islamic law. My friend formed him what his enemies had added that the Mohammedans would derided upon. He thanked me and probably attack the Christians that at once went to the Council and to1:1 very night. them. 11essengers were sent to the ambassadors of the various Euro- I thanked him and went to the pean Powers and to the Mutasarrif, Mutasarrif, whom I found doing his who, poor fellow, was timid with best to collect money to feed the poor fear. Steamers and other warships Armenians who had fled from the began to threaten Latakia until towns and villages between Antioch and Latakia in order to escape from *By "J!lohammedites" the translator means the death, which was rampant in the (political) Mohammedan Society for opposing the Society of Union and Progres~not religious Mo- hammedans, whQ are always called Moslems. things became more settled by the and the Unionists requested it be- deposition of Abdul Hamid and the cause he himself wished to remain accceeSsSsliOon of Sultan Mohammed the m Latakia.

Fifth. Arrest of the Leaders Before the oath of loyalty to the Not many days passed before a new Sultan was taken, the peril in- telegram arrived in cypher ordering creased. My house was somewhat the arrest of the leaders of the inisolated toward the Christian quar- surrection, those who had attacked ter, and the roughs used to come the Director of the Secondary School each night to strike my strong door, and those who had led the masses trying to break in, in order to at- to attack the Unionists and the tack me, but God is the preserver of Christians. They were all to be those who call upon Him. Their sent under guard to Beirut to be threatening increased until news handed over to the military courts came to the East by telegram from at Constantinople. the West, and the voices of the Mohammedites were silenced. Joy As the Mutasarrif knew thetr then became universal and the spirit names, he gathered them all together of the Society of Union and Progress by night and informed them that returned. he could not any longer delay arrest- ing them because the order had been The Mohammedites hypocritically issued from the Martial Court. They profest joy and repentance for offered money to the Mutasarrif to their misdeeds. When their presi- allow them to flee, but he would dent was informed of the deposition not accept it. They then made an of Abdul-Hamid he fell down from agreement with him that they would fear and I awoke him by sprinkling send him a ransom for themselves in water on his face. His colleagues the shape of a substitute whom disappeared, but I advised them to they would style the leader in everyattend the celebrations next morning thing that had happened. They ofin order to be in harmony with the fered 100 pounds more, asking him Unionists. to hurry up and arrest this poor deputy, who should not be allowed Not many days later an order was to say one word in defense. The issued for the Mutasarrif of Latakia Mutasarrif was to write to Beirut to be promoted to the district of Tripoli on account of his care for the that the one sent was a clever, lying, Armenians who had fled from Adana scheming rascal, and that no opto Latakia. When news reached the portunity was to be given him for ears of the Unionists they united defense. He was to be sent directly with the Mohammedites, and retro- to Constantinople, for if he once grades, and all the inhabitants, and had audience with the Vali, their sent telegrams asking that the scheme would fail.

Mutasarrif might be kept in Latakia. The Mutasarrif asked (while ring- The retrogrades wished to white- ing the coins upon the table), "Who wash the dirty patch on their past is this poor man who is to be the history in the eyes of the Mutasarrif, ransom and whose blood is to be

shed on the altar of sacrifice for tered the dark room, and the door you ?" They said, "It is the Director was locked without my knowing what of the Primary School, who is your crime had been attributed to me. confidant in everything. He has received more than a thousand Turkish My mind remained troubled until pounds to get the people's request the Chief of Police opened the door granted and there has been no sec- and entered the room and said that tion of the local Government not our only friend had sent him to me controlled by him." to comfort me in my loneliness. I begged him to go with all haste to When the Mutasarrif heard this enquire of the Mutasarrif the reason he replied: "I am surprized at this, for my imprisonment. He left, and for I have marked the integrity of when he returned he informed me this man; are you sure of what you that the decree of the Martial Court are saying?" had been issued and I was to be sent in custody to it for reasons un- One of them said, "If you wish, known. I can bring you ten witnesses from whom the Sheikh took money in the I asked him to bring my boy to name of your Excellency." The the prison, that I might see him be- Mutasarrif said, "It is sufficient. fore I traveled. He brought him. Go to your houses; to-morrow morn- When I was left alone with him I ing I shall arrest this poor rogue comforted him and told him to comand send him to Beirut and from fort his mother. Then I wrote two there to Constantinople, altho he postcards, one to the head of the may have been a Unionist and a Society of Union and Progress and Constitutionalist for years." the other to our friend, whom I asked to get from the Governor the Arrest of the Sheikh truth about the telegram so that I might understand the cause of it. I About mid-day, during the schol- sent my boy with the two cards, and ars' dinner-hour, a policeman entered in an hour no answer came from the school and informed me that the Chief, but my friend wrote back the Mutasarrif was wanting me at like this: "My heart is torn asunder Government House. I went, not with the sorrow of parting from my thinking what was going to happen. dear friend. Your case is unknown, When I reached the Palace the Chief even the Mutasarrif himself swears of Police told me that the Muta- that he does not know about it. Rest sarrif was in the Court of Manage- assured about your family. Toment and asked me to wait. I had morrow morning I will see you off hardly sat down when the police- from the port." At this I increased man came and said, "The Mutasarrif my fear and panic and told my son has ordered me to imprison you in to bring me my traveling coat in the his private room without anyone morning. speaking to you. If you say a single word I am directed to call for the When dawn broke, the police took help of others and we shall forcibly me down, guarded by a few officers, put you in prison immediately." my .boy following behind, carrying the cloak. All my friends were as- I therefore surrendered and en-

A TWICE-BORN "TURK"

tonished at the sight and not know- waiting for me and directing the ing the news until I reached the captain's attention toward me by a port. They put me into a room motion of his fingers. When the and left a soldier at the door to steamer had started, the captain came guard me, not allowing anyone ex- to me and spoke to the policeman in cept my boy to enter. French, which I did not understand, but the appearance of his face w~s At mid-day, one of the consuls pleasant and the policeman answered forced his way into the room, and him very politely. He then went told me to hold his hand and that away and .when he came back he he would bring me out, even tho brought a bottle of Cognac and he should be killed in my stead. opened it for the policeman and He said that this was on account after much talk between them the of my having informed the Bishop policeman rose and unlocked my of the intention of the Moham- handcuffs, giving me permission to medites to kill the Christians. I walk on the deck of the steamer. thanked him for his care, but excused myself saying, "It is well While I was walking, the captain known to yoitr Excellency that there came with an interpreter and took is much disturbance in this town. me into his room. I said to the Very likely we may not reach the interpreter: "Tell the captain that I house at all. If we are caught in do not wish to flee from the policethe street, those who made this con- man until I know the contents of spiracy against me will stir up all the letter sent by the Mutasarrif to the ignorant masses to shed blood the Vali. If I find the charge simwithout any cause. I will rather be ple I shall not run away, but if killed myself than that a drop of otherwise then flight might mean innocent blood should be shed in safety. In any case, after a couple the path of safety. I have surren- of hours the policeman will be dead dered my case to the justice of God. drurik, for he is a hard drinker. I Let His will be done." can then steal from him the letter, open it, and after reading what is The consul replied: "But the Gov- therein I can return it to its place." ernment have determined to send The captain agreed with this plan. you in the French steamer and I will come down and command the cap- After drinking tea I walked up to tain to put you in his own private the policeman and found very little cabin, to keep you there and not brandy left in the bottle. Before deliver you, but to set you free at another hour he had drunk the last one of the European ports, and to drop. Then the captain gave him give you what is necessary in the certain sweetmeats which only inway of money." He then left me. creased his drunkenness and he slept a heavy sleep. With all caution I Transported to Beirut put my hand in his pocket and took out the letter, and went to the cap- Near sunset, a soldier and a police- tain's cabin and opened it, and found man put me on the steamer, after its contents as follows: having handcuffed me. On the deck of the steamer I saw the consul

"According to the Sultan's decree a card saying I was going to Beirut a private enquiry has been held as under arrest, probably also to Conto the leaders of the disturbances stantinople on account of a fabricated against the Director of the School charge from which I was assured and the attempt to attack the Chris- God would acquit me. The card tians and the Unionists and concern- did not reach him until after the ing the leaders of the Mohammedite Society and their conspiracies against steamer had left again. On account the Constitution. It has now be- of his sorrow and regret he left come clear that the whole of that at once for Beirut but did not reach was by the direction of the Director there until too late. of the Primary School, Sheikh –.

He is now under arrest to your Maj- Imprisoned in a Hashish Den esty. that he may be tried in the Miiltary Court in Constantinople, but When I reached the Government having regard to the sagacity and House in Beirut they put me in a cunning and strength of his self- crowded prison full of roughs of pleading, without doubt he will at the lowest class from whom I smelt his hearing capture his hearers, giv- hashish smoking.* I therefore said ing false proofs of his innocence. In to the officer who was carrying the any case, supposing you agree to cloak for me "Put it down outside, acquit him of this charge I beg he may not be allowed to come back and go and tell the Mamur of the to Latakia, for, if he once came back, prison that the Sheikh will not go no doubt, there would be a great into this place, and if you put him row between the ignorant ones of in forcibly you will be sorry for it, his party and the rest of the inhab- and you will be removed from your itants. Therefore, on arrest, I re- quested the Public Instruction Officer post."

to appoint another headmaster in his The Mamur came, and before he place." could speak to me I'said "You have As soon as I read this letter and made this prison a hashish den for understood from its contents that the prisoners. Is it right, therefore, it was pure fabrication and having that you should imprison in it one trusted in God who cares for his of the Sheikhs of religion and of people, having regard to His omni- the nobles of the lands? Have you science and His answer to prayer to no humanity, or are you free from those who call on Him, I knelt such things?" I spoke very angrily, before God to answer my prayer that but he replied with all respect and he would make the truth of my case asked me to excuse him and said clear to those in authority. that he had never told this policeman I put back the letter and asked (whom he curst with all his might) to bring me into this dirty place the interpreter to communicate to the but would I follow him and excuse captain my great thankfulness for him? He brought me to a very his kindness. There was no need clean room where there were political to put me ashore in Europe, for the prisoners who had been brought from matter was a simple one by the Damascus, Aleppo and other places, help of God. We cast anchor in the port of Tripoli and I learned from some one of the sailors that my *Hashish is a kind of extract of hemp, of nearly as. baneful effoct as opium, its importation is profather was in Tripoli, so I wrote him hibited, but smugglers introduce it secretly_

all of them being suspected as being of our sorrows and was sending it members of the Mohammedite So- to the Vali by some secret way. I ciety and opponents of the Constitu- then related everything that had tion. After we had made ourselves happened exactly as it was engraved known to one another we agreed upon my heart ~ltld the Vali consulted that each should tell his own story his papers every time until I finished to the others. The Mamur of the my story. He then said, "I call God prison brought me some bedding, to witness that the wicked men of and I slept with all ease and with a free mind. to Latakia have fabricated against you About three hours after sunrise I a false charge in order free themwas sent for to go to the Vali. I selves from what they have done. found his Excellency alone in his The Mutasarrif has evidently sold private room. After we had drunk yon to them and rewarded your coffee he asked me. to relate to him benevolence to him by malevolence. incidents that had happened at Praise be to God who has revealed Latakia from the time of the procla- the truth to me. Kindly give me the mation of the Constitution until I names of the leaders." was arrested, on condition that I should not alter a single word. I "N0; never," I replied, "I beg you then related the whole story, during excuse me from this, for they would which he repeatedly consulted the not have made this false charge exofficial papers that were on his table cept to get out of their own diffias tho he were comparing my culty. I forgive them for their evil story with the words written there, deeds." until I reached the account of taking the letter from the policeman, at After pressing me very much to which he laughed. I hid from him write down the names, he then said the matter of the hashish den in "I am sorry to tell you that you will the prison for fear of injuring the have to travel to Constantinople, for Mamfu who had been kind to me. it is not possible to secure your liberation anywhere else, seeing that Then the Vali said, "I beg you to the M t1tasarrif will, no doubt, have relate what you said last night to written to the Martial Court somethe Sheikhs in the prison even tho thing about you, but I can guarantee there be some repetition, my motive your exemption from now. I shall being to set you free from this false write what is necessary." accusation." He then called his aide-de-carnp When he said that I learned that and told him to seat me in the room there must have been with us in the of the Chief of Police until- the prison some of the secret police and steamer arrived. He then left me, I remembered that there was among promising to write to Constantinople us one Turkish man who did not fnll details. The Chief of Police speak to anyone but was writing a gave me permission to leave the room secret cypher of which we could whenever I wisherl to go as far as not read one letter. Probably he was writing down what we related the tower to look at the garden, only on condition that he knew where to find me when the boat arrived.

Bey: Evidently this Vali was a in speech and its literal agreement just and humane man. with everything you said in Beirut Sheikh: He was so, but do not has convinced us of your sincerity forget that God is the most just and innocence. The proper criminal and the Most Merciful, and since shall receive what he deserves." He He is merciful to those who trust then gave me a certificate of ac- in Him he clears the way for them, quittal and they let me out.

especially if the trusting one should I went straightway down to the have suffered injury. port and found a ship starting for Bey: Praise God, kindly proceed Beirut, from whence I went home with the story. to my birthplace. From there I sent to Latakia to bring my family, who, In a Constantinople Prison in my absence, had been bearing all Sheikh: Next morning I heard sorts of threats and dangers from from the Chief of Police that I the Moslem roughs. These men, should prepare to travel, for the impelled thereto by the heads of the steamer had come. Then the Vali Mohammedite Society, had declared called me and delivered to the Chief their readiness to shed the blood of of Police letters which he had prom- everyone belonging to me.

ised to· send, and took leave of me. Bey: Did not the Committee of Just as the steamer was leaving the Union and Progress prohibit all this harbor I saw my father on the deck folly? What about the friend of of a small steamer coming from whom you have spoken, did he not Tripoli. I called to him but he did care for your family in your ab- not hear my voice. I was very sorry sence?

for I knew how great his grief would Sheikh: As for the Committee, be. those of influence in it were officials On the sixth day I was taken to serving under the Turks, whom I the prison at Constantinople, It was was opposing to my utmost on ac- a dark underground place with hun- count of their despotism. I had dreds of Sheikhs and political prison- called upon them to elect their presi- ers who were receiving all kinds of dent by a majority of votes according punishment, but praise be to God, to the law as declared by the central I only sat there a few hours when authority at Salonika. I had also I was ordered to be put in a clean used my influence to get an Arab room belonging to the officers. On elected president. Their anger against the second day after my arrival I me increased when I went against was called to the martial court. their wishes. They therefore in- There they held an inquiry and I structed their roughs that I was not answered every question with abso- a Moslem at all, but an enemy of lute truth. The Court then retired the Moslems and a warm friend of and deliberated, and after one hOllt' the Christians. The result was that they came out and called me forward I was only subject to danger.

and declared my acquittal from every- Narrator: Then the men parted, thing with which I had been charged. after promising to meet again.

The president said, "Your boldness (To be continued.)

THE "ALL PERVADING-LOVE" HOSPITAL*

BY FLORENCE E. GOOCH HANG NAI-NAI, of child's body was able also to cure her sin-sick soul, and she resolved ICI Hankow, China, had to attend the "Hall of Glad Tid- a sick child. When a ings," and to learn more of the Christian neighbor urged her to take the "Jesus doctrine." ~ little one to "The For- After some time of instruction and eigners' Hospital," she probation, she was baptized, and has replied, indignantly: ever since been a Christian-a very "What? Take my only child there? imperfect Christian, perhaps, accord- Everyone says that the foreigners ing to European standards of con- will take out her heart and gouge duct, but still a real Christian in out her eyes to make their medicine! her strong belief and sincere wor- I will never go there!" ship. The child so cured and since "All rumors, nothing but rumors," educated in a Christian boarding- said the neighbor. "Don't you know school, hopes to return to the hos- that the hospital is called 'The Hos- pital next year to be trained as a pital of All-pervading Love'? They nurse.

have a clever English lady doctor, a Some months ago, when the lead- matron, and 15 Chinese nurses, and er of the class to which Chang Nai- they all have loving hearts. If you nai belongs was leaving China on take your little girl there, she will furlough, she brought a little fare- soon be quite well." well token, and said: But the mother preferred to take "Little Elder Sister, I bring you her child to a native quack, who this, not because it is pretty, and guaranteed to cure her on payment because I love you, but because it of an exorbitant sum. When his has a meaning."

quackery proved to be unavailing, The little gift was unwrapt from Chang Nai-nai, in desperation, came the scarlet tissue paper, and glittered to the "All-pervading Love Hospi- in the lamp light-a gilt ornament, tal." Afraid to leave her child with a cross, hanging from the Chinese the dreaded foreigners, she was al- character "Fuh." "Do you see the lowed to remain in the ward day and meaning? 'Fuh' is 'Happiness.'

night, and to her great joy, she soon 'Happiness through the Cross.'

found that the child was recovering. Please take this to remember me, While Chang N ai-nai thus lived and remember that all my happiness in the hospital she not only noticed has been through the Cross."

the methods of the doctor and nurses Chang Nai-nai had no merely for- and the loving attention which they mal belief in the Cross, for she spoke gave to all patients, but she was of Christ's death on the Cross, using also present daily at morning and a quaint Chinese idiom, and saying, evening prayer, and listened to the "Jesus for us has on the Cross eaten simple expositions of the Scriptures so much bitterness that we might and the clear Gospel teaching. The obtain happiness." What a rebuke Christian hymns attracted her, and the little gift brought! "Jesus for she learned to repeat several before me has eaten so much bitterness!"

she left the hospital on the restora- What have I done for Him?

tion of her little girl. When that Chang Nai-nai knows not only the day came, she felt sure that the joy of salvation through the Cross, Good Physician who had healed the but the joy of bearing the Cross in 'From The Foreign Field.

witness and in persecution. She is tells us of Jesus, who loves even a type of many Chinese women who Chinese women. All our happiness would say to us, "All our happiness has been through His Cross." has been through the Cross. Do you know what our lives have been? And what are we doing at home When we are born we are not wanted, for we are disappointed that our Chinese sisters may all hopes, and not precious, as the boys share in this joy? Are we eating are! A little later our feet are any bitterness with Jesus, or are we bound, and who shall express the denying ourselves the greatest hapsuffering? When we are quite young piness in the world because it is "the we are betrothed to unknown husbands, and on our marriage we be- joy of the Cross"? To give money, gin lives of drudgery and slavery to give oneself, to give one's son or in the cruel service of mothers-in- daughter to the foreign field is but law! But your Christian religion to copy Jesus, "who for the joy that was set before Him endured th ~ Cross, despising shame and is set down at the right hand of God."

-AMONG A FORGOTTEN PEOPLE IN BRAZIL * BY FREDERICK C. GL;SS, GOYAS, BRAZIL f~JT .- HREE hundred miles certain that the Indians owe their from the nearest final 'Subjection as much to the as- white man's habita- tute diplomacy of the Jesuit monks tion, the nose of my as to the arms of the invaders them- ,. dug out" canoe selves.

grazed the edge of a This Indian village, with its clean, broad sand rather neat and regular row of ten bank, of the beautiful Araguaya huts or cabins of green withes and river. palm leaves, seemed half deserted, At about latitude 12 deg. S., fac- and only a small group of women ing the great fluvial island of Bana- and children and half a dozen stal- nal, the small Caraja Indian village wart, highly-colored warriors greet- of Capitao Joao, pursues the fairly ed our arrival.

even tenor of its way, far from the At first my own presence seemed disturbing haunts of the white man, quite overlooked in the excitement and with verv much the same con- and joy on their recognizing in my ception of life and its duties and pilot their long-lost relative Odidi.

pleasures as that held by its prede- More than a year had passed since cessors of four centuries ago, ere he had left his native village on a the paleface drove them from the journey to see the white man's now far-away shores of Brazil, world-a journey which had finally where they had hitherto reigned su- landed him in our home in Goyaz preme. city, on the headwaters of one of The redskins who then inhabited the Araguaya tributaries, where ex- this coast were only driven back ists an outpost station of the Evan- after many a bloody contest with gelical Union of South America.

their invaders, and time and again Here he was back again, with a the battle turned in their favor, and great deal of superfluous clothing, a the trained Portuguese soldiery gave straw hat, a very extraordinary col- way before them. But it was only lar and tie, and an old alpaca jacket, to renew the struggle under 1110re which he had specially brought with favorable circumstances, and it is him fr0111 Goyaz) a's trophies of civi- 'From The Neglected Continent.

A FORGOTTON PEOPLE IN BRAZIL

lization with which to dazzle the eyes suIting fashion plates, completed my of his numerous and worthy rela- discomfiture by raising a high-pitched tives. howl over Odidi, which could be heard half a mile away. His completely unclad brethren gathered around in very critical ar- Before nightfall I had managed to ray, and Odidi seemed vastly overcome the reserve and timidity ashamed of his shirt, and hung his of the whole village, and succeeded head. His little cousins, however, in drawing their smiles, while the thoroughly enj oyed themselves, liter- children began to renew their naturally dancing round him with glee, al happy manner. Soon after sunset frequently stopping to examine, in a I heard, far away over the dim exvery embarrassing way, every detail, panse of water above the village. every button, of his modest outfit. some faint but oft-repeated cooing When, however, his hat was re- cries, which were answered by a moved, and it was seen that his long loud chorus from the village. It black hair was cropped, a kind of was a fleet of canoes returning home shudder went around the long-haired with the day's catch, and everybody group, and shortly afterward I saw seemed to brighten up in the anthem trying to trim up what re- ticipation of a good meal. Each mained more to their liking. canoe, constructed of a single log of wood, hollowed out by fire, was The majority of the inhabitants, laden almost to the water's edge with about a hundred big fish, as well as including the Chief (Capitao Joao) a few turtles, a few score eggs of the same, a couple of chameleon, and were away on one of their usual a big bunch of short green sticks. fishing and hunting expeditions. For this their sole and sufficient equip- An Indian Feast ment is the bow and arrow, which is as convenient for shooting a fish The newcomers gave another asas for spearing a chameleon or land- pect of life to the village. The. ing a wild duck, for their skill with canoes were rapidly unloaded, and the weapon is amazing. the fish and other edible contents. just as they were, scales, intestines; A White Man's Advent sand and all, were soon piled up Ott extemporized tables of green sticks, After a while my presence was erected between each cabin and its noticed, and for some time I was neighbor. A fire produced by the eyed in much the same way as the friction of two sticks, was applied small boy first gazes at a grizzly beneath these heaps, and soon the bear; and the Caraja children, with smoky frizzling mass-some hal£- queer little cries, ran for protection cooked, the rest burned, and all unbehind their mothers, who looked salted-was ready for the redskins' rather scared themselves. And yet stomachs. I was not half so civilized-looking as Odidi, with my bare legs, and Three or four or these fires were crumpled panama, in which the par- burning at once, and intensified by rots had bitten two big holes. I the fat of the roasting fish, their was nearly as red as an Indian with bright rays in the dense darkness sunburn, and looked as near like a that now covered the scene, gave the savage as I knew how, but even village an intensely weird and unthe great scarlet macaws perched on earthly appearance. Meanwhile the the cabin tops detected an impostor, naked redskins stretched themselves and started screeching as only ma- out full length round the fires, the caws can, drowning all other sounds soft, clean sand being still warm with in their scathing denunciations of the the sun's heat, and in quiet, musireskins' hereditary foe. cal voices, they recounted little in- cidents and adventures of the day, As if this were insufficient, an elderly lady of the village, who evidently did not waste much time CQU-

interrupted repeatedly by hearty peat "Ah-ado-edanare. Ahado-enanbursts of laughter, or short exclama- are" (God is good, God is good). tions in a shrill falsetto, while every But, alas, "Ahaho" also means few words of each speaker drew a "moon" ! It is true I had not gone chorus of sympathetic "Ulum, there to preach, but to explore and umm's." I took my place in one report, with the view of some future of the largest of these circles, turn- attempt to reach them for Christ, but ing my bare feet to the fire in the it was none the less grievous to orthodox fashion, and with a big, think that I possest the secret of highly-painted, and strange-smelling Eternal Life, and the remedy for all savage ott each side of me, whose their sorrows and aspirations, locked oQ"ly dress consisted of wrist bands up in my own breast, and was as (to take the jar of the bow string), incapable of expression as a Romish and a small tassel tied below each image could be. knee, in the case of unmarried men. The fish supper ended, and the tur- One of these latter was a cousin tles disposed of, an Indian next to of my pilot Odidi, and had hugged me began to address me in a very me with great warmth and evident soft but impressive way, and not signs of good will, at our first en- without some oratorical effect in counter. I might have been a twin voice and gesture. He spoke with brother. After a while the conver- a certain dignity and weight, and sation evidently turned on the white might have been expounding some man present, as a score of keen dark profound philosophical views, or eyes were turned in my direction, discussing the latest theory of the while in the same quiet tone and universe. I endeavored to appear inmanner, they discust my person terested, and was pretty free with and belongings, tried to make sure my "umm's" at every pause. This that my mustache was not stuck on, went on for some time, and I beand said many things, complimen- gan to feel uncomfortable, and when tary or otherwise, which it was im- at last he made a long pause and possible to more than guess at. looked at me fixedly in an enquiring way, I felt things were critical. For- As I lay there looking back into tunately at that moment I caught a glimpse of Odidi, who had now their strangely attractive faces, with joined the company around the fire, their interesting figures, lit up to and beckoning to him, I made him fine effect against the dark back- understand that I wanted to know ground by the flickering light of the waning fires, and with. the agree- what his friend was saying. "Umm," able cadences of their strange lan- said Odidi, after a few words with guage in my ears, I felt my heart his cousin, "he wants to know if you would oblige him with a brick of go out to these long-forgotten peo- raw sugar !" This is about the ple, and a sense of the utter loneli- highest conception of happiness that ness, hopelessness and brutality of a Caraja possesses. their lives came over me. They All very picturesque and interestcould never even' conceive of the ing, but all very cruel and sad; livrealities of the love of God, of ing like animals, and dying like the Eternal Life, and of the grace of beasts that perish. How much lonthe Lord Jesus. There they sat gaz- ger must they perish in ignorance? ing strangely and wonderingly at me, The way is open, the day of opthese beautiful, noble-looking sons of portunity has come, and the answer Adam, and I utterly helpless and may rest with you. Surely it is time unable to say what I was yearning to give these forgotten Indians an to say of the good news of salva- opportunity to know the power of tion, for as yet I had found· no words Christ to transform and save. in their dialect for grace; pardon, or Savior, and could only vaguely re-

A GOVERNOR IN SIAM FOUND CHRIST*

BY REV. HOWARD AGNEW JOHNSON, D.D.

OWN in the Malay were one day mending some of their broken idols, he suddenly stopt and mD Pe?ins~la a Christian called her attention to the wonderful m 1 s s 1 a n a r y was character of the human hand, capa- preaching the Gospel ble of making so many things. He to the multitudes who said that his hand was a greater gathered to hear his message. For more thing than these lifeless images they than 30 years he has been a mission- were mending. Then he declared ary in that country, and he loves the that human beings, intelligent and blest work of traveling over the creative, were greater than these various provinces on long itinera- pieces of wood and stone that they tions, often lasting six months. When shaped into images and worshiped.

I saw him in his home in Bangtok "How absurd it is for us to worship he was just starting on a journey of these dead things, as if they could do this sort. From his own lips I heard anything for us!" he exclaimed. His the fonowing story: wife agreed with him, saying that Some years ago he was in the she had often thought the same thing.

Malay Peninsula in a region where They decided that they would wor- he had never been before, and was ship these creatures of their own very much surprized to hear that the hand no longer, but would destroy governor of that province believed in them. This they did, and returned Christ. He inquired if any mission- to the empty room from which they ary had ever been there, and was told had taken the idols, wondering what that no preacher had visited the they should worship now. The gov- place, but that once a man was sell- ernor said to his wife: "There must ing copies of a book. The gover- be a Being greater than man who nor heard of this book, and bought made man, and the earth and the aile of the volumes. Now the teach- stars. We will worship him, the ings of this book, according to the greatest Being in the universe." For report that came to the missionary, thirty years they had been going to- were very like his preaching. He ex- gether into that empty room to bow prest a desire to See the governor, before their God, "feeling after him, and was told that a messenger had if haply they might find him," as the gone to announce the stranger's com- Apostle Paul said to the Athenians.

ing. Soon he received a request to It was a striking instance of Paul's visit the palace, which he rlid, accom- statement, in his letter to the Ro- panied by his wife. mans, that even thoughtful heathen As they entered the beautiful are led to believe in a great Being grounds about the palace, they saw because of the evidence of his intel- through the trees an old man with ligence and power revealed in nature.

a gray beard, clan in white, stand- Paul said: "The invisible things of ing on the veranda of the house, Him since the creation of the world and by his side his wife, also in are clearly seen, being perceived white. When they caught sight of through the things that are made, the approaching visitors, they ex- even His eternal power and divinity, claimed: "Hosanna! Hosanna!" so that they are without excuse."

When they were all seated together" Through all these years these two on the veranda, the old man told of children of God lifted up their hearts their remarkable experience. Thirty to Him in worship, striving to obey years before, when he and his wife the law of God written upon their 'From "The Famine and the Bread."-International Y. M. C. A.

he:lrts. But they needed more light, sentials of the faith that is accepted by the Evangelical Christian Church, and anxiously hoped for it day after with no addition of false views. The day and year a,fter year. The gov- missionary said farewell to the aged ernor said that at last he heard of a ~ouple, telling them that he soon ex- man in his province who was selling pecte<1 to go home to America to a book. A sudden thrill of confidence came into his heart that this book visit his parents. The governor lookt appealingly at his newly-found was what he had waited for so long. Christian brother and said: In eager haste he sent for the man and asked about the book. The "Missionary, I am an old man, and man said: "This is the greatest book may not live until you come again, that tells about the greatest Being in but 1 wish to ask one favor. When the universe." With trembling hands I <lie I will go to heaven, but I will the governor took it. It was a copy be far back among the unworthy of the Christian Scriptures, trans- ones, for I have been an idolator and lated into his own language. have done so little for my Lord. But you will be close up to the As he read the Old Testament, he throne, for you have had a long life said, the pictures seemed very famil- of blest service. Please promise iar, for they were just the pictures that you will tell Jesus that I would of the life of his country. When the love to be allowed to come near to governor and his wife came to Paul's Him just once that I may see His sermon to the Athenians on Mars glory." Hill, where he spoke of the people worshiping the "unknown God," he This man was the only person said: "Wife, we have been living in who had the right to present any of Athens 30 years." his people to the king, and he had not appreciated the difference be- Through this word of God alone, tween the kingdoms of the earth without a human voice to help them, and heaven in some of these things. taught by the Holy Spirit of truth. Like a little child he believed and they came to know the true God and loved his Lord, and in his humility Jesus Christ whmll He has sent. he counted himself one who would sit far down at the feast. When the governor ceased to worship idols, he told his people of his With tears of joy they separated. convictions and practises, but he More than a year later the missioncould not tell them much about any ary visited the place again. The other religious life. When he came governor had gone to behold the to kllOW his Bible, however, he was King in His beauty, and to realize prepared to teach them and help that he would not have to wait for H'cm to know the truth and obey it any special introduction by any man. The people had asked him for a The governor's wife was living, and statement of his faith, and he told was teaching her people the truth as the missionary that finally he had it is in Jesus. written it down. Going to a little box he took from it his confession There are manv instances of the d faith and read it aloud. With people who have -been led to know ke{'nert anticipation the missionary the true God and to find peace and listened to learn what a man thus joy in Christ simply through the readtaught only of God would formulate ing of the Bible, without any person as his creed. It began thus: "I be- to teach them. The Holy Spirit has lieve in God the Father, who made been their teacher, leading them into all thing". I believe in Jesus Christ, the light of life. It is a striking evithe Son of God, as my Savior. I dence of the sufficiency of the Word believe in the Holy Ghost as my of God to give all men everywhere Comforter and Teacher." The state- all the light they need to make plain ment contained the fundamental es- the way of salvation.

EDITORIALS·

CHRISTIANITY A UNIVERSAL The real difficulty that stands in the way of a man or a nation accepting RELIGION Christ is either an unwillingness to conform evil habits to His laws and T HE Japanese have, as a nation, principles, or it is pride and self-satis- objected to Christianity on the faction. I f Christ comes in, then evil ground that it is a foreign religion. must go, if He becomes supreme in- Many of those who are convinced of dividual talents may be developed and the truth of Christian teachings have find expression, but self-content must claimed that the religion must be be uprooted. The greatest danger to adapted and improved to meet the re- any man or any nation is to be withquirements of the Japanese mind and out God, and weakness and failure are customs. This would be a "denatured" in proportion to the dimness of the Christianity and would not be the knowledge or the lack of allegiance to "power of God unto salvation." Dr. God. H. Kozahi, a Japanese pastor in Tokyo, has written an able answer to PRAY FOR WORLD-WIDE POWER the objections. He shows that Christian religion, like all truth, is not local O DR God is not limited in His but universal in its application and power but He is limited by the appeal. The question is not: From channels through which that power is whence did Christianity come, but are exercised. There are united efforts to the revelations of God, the principles arouse the Church and united efforts of life and the way of salvation as on mission fields. Most of all we need taught in Christianity, true or false? a world-wide union in prayer for Japan and any other nation should no spiritual quickening at home and more hesitate to accept religious truth abroad, individually and collectively. hom Europe or America than they should hesitate to accept scientific and The Home and Foreign Missionary historical truth. As Dr. Kozahi points leaders of the United States and Canout, a Japanese leader, J un Ohashi, ada are engaging in an extensive and formerly sought to exclude modern important cooperate work which is medical and surgical science on the described on another page. The obground that it was foreign and that ject is to inspire the church-members Japanese physical nature was different to become intelligent missionary workfrom European. ers, supporters and intercessors. Of the more than 20,000,000 of Protestant It is unnecessary for any people to church-members in North America, adopt the many traditions and prac- less than one-half are doing anything tises that have adhered to Christianity or giving anything to bring the world and are not an essential part of the re- to Christ and the Gospel of Christ to ligion of Christ. But all nations and the world. peoples who have accepted God as revealed in Christ and who have sought During the extensive campaign now to conform their beliefs and practises in progress and in preparation for the to the teachings of the New Testa- personal canvass in March, 1914, the ment, have been strengthened and up- executive committee has appealed to lifted. It is only partial or distorted Christian people everywhere to join in views of Christianity that hinder na- prayer for God's guidance and rnanitional progress. True religion devel- fested power in this undertaking. In ops the best that is in a man or a private prayer, in the home, in the nation. church services, and in other mcet-

ings, it is earnestly urged that unceas- that number of the REVIEW. The ing prayer be offered for a mighty questions are most useful in helping spiritual quickening that will enable to interest friends in missions, and in the church to strengthen and enlarge putting life into missionary meetings. its work so as to meet the present op- Try them. portunities both at home and abroad. This' quickening can come only from The Editorial Council has now God when His people show that they ueen formed to help guide the. policy are ready and willing. "Ask and ye of the REVIEW, broaden its vision, shall receive." and improve its makeup. The Coun- cil is not yet complete, but those al- NEW FEATURES FOR 1914 ready promising their cooperation in- sure its quality and success. These THE general policy of the MISSION- ARY REVIEW will not be essentially include Rev. Arthur J. Brown, D.D., altered during the coming year, but every effort is being made to improve vice-chairman of the Continuation every department. Some of the Committee; Rev. Charles R. Watson, strongest, most virile, most spiritual D.D., secretary of the Board of Misand best-known writers of the mis- sions of the United Presbyterian sionary world, at home and abroad, Church; Prof. Harlan P. Beach, Prohave promised articles. These will be fessor of Missions in Yale Univerpopular in style, with the great facts sity; Rev. F. P. Haggard, D.D., Home of missionary history and biography secretary of the American Baptist presented in graphic, stirring stories. Foreign Missionary Society, and Mrs. The illustrations, maps and charts will Helen Barrett Montgomery, missionbe numerous and illuminating. The arv author and lecturer, now on a general program involves a rotation of w~rld tour. topics, month by month, to cover the world field during the year and to The cooperation of every friend of present each month the outstanding the REVIEW is asked in prayer for events of all fields in their relation to the guidance of the editors, in written the progress of Christianity. communications concerning the ways in which the magazine may be made The new Department of Best M eth- more helpful, and in bringing the ods will be continued under the able REVIEW to the attention of pastors, guidance of Miss Belle M. Brain, local missionary workers, missionauthor of "Holding the Ropes" and aries and other intelligent Christians other volumes. These methods for who may be helped by its contents. stimulating interest at home are Notice the prospectus published this gathered from actual experience in month in the advertising pages. hundreds of societies and churches. They are unique and successful. Only WE THANK THEE the best and most practical are given and no church or society can afford Not for the harvest alone to overlook their wealth of suggestions. They will greatly lessen the But for the field to till, arduous work of any pastor or com- ~ot for the gifts we give mittee and at the same time will increase interest and efficiency. But for the heart's good will, The Clues to the. Contents, pre- Not for the great high tower pared bv' Mrs. F. M. Gilbert, is a n~w feature printed each But zeal in building up, month on the back of the frontispiece. These "Clues" bring out, Not for the draught we share in twenty spicy, interest-awakening questions, some of the facts given in But joy filling the cup, Not for the evening red Or for the bird's sweet call, But for joy, joy in it all.

-Leigh Richmond Miner

WORLD-WIDE

MISSIONARY NEWS AMERICA Last year it was only one-quarter, a Methodist Men in Conference remarkab.ly low proporti?n, for the average IS nearer one-third. There A MOST significant and important ~ere ~ome notabl~ changes in the na- . conference was held in Indianap- tIonahty of the Immigrants. Never before in one year have so many Slavs obs the last of October. Methodist entered tne country. The total was men gathered three thousand strong 388,968, as compared with 362,193 in and were deeply stirred by the ringing 1906-7. The chief contributors to this increase w~re Poles, of whom 174,365 appeals and masterly addresses of were adml.tted, the largest previous number bemg 138,033. The emigra- Robert E. Speer, Sherwood ERdodwy~ tion from Austrian Poland was so Bishop Wm. McDowell, C. A. ~Te3Jt that ,the governor of the provland, J. Campbell White and others. mce recently ordered the police to ar- rest a~lll male perssoonn.s bettw~een the ages Stimulating stories were told of what of -eIighteen and thirrttYy-SsiIx, and liable for military service, who attempted to other denominations have done. The leave ,the country, and send them to their homes. The Russian immigrants Southern Presbyterians have in ten numb.ered 51A7~, greater by 20,000 than m any prevIous year. Ruthenians years doubled their missionary force came in larger numbers than ever be- fore. Of the South Italians there were and nearly quadrupled their gifts. One 231,613, an increase of approximately man supports an entire station in 96,000 over the previous year, and ex- ceeded only twice before. Armenians, Korea, with 13 missionaries and build- Dutch, Flemish, Syrians and Portu- guese came in larger numbers than ings and equipment included. The ever before.

disciples have been conducting a mil- lion dollar campaign and have received $1,100,000. One man offered a mil- lion if they would raise $5,000,000 for both home and foreign work. The United Presbyterians reported an in- crease of average gifts from $1.12 to $6.11 per member at the same time that they increased gifts to local church support-without any effort.

Great results are expected from this conference in stimulating the great New Americans for a New America Methodist Church to accept a larger share of their missionary responsibility THIS was the motto for Home Mis- sion Week, which was observed by an increase in the missionary forces and in the average gifts per member. this year from November 16 to 23. The Home Missions Council-the A.. The Flood of Immigrants federation of the Home Mission CCORDING to the figures of the Boards, the Church Building, and the ~ National Bureau, the number of Sunday-school and Publication So- those who landed on our shores last cieties of the Protestant Churches of year was almost as large as in the rec- the United States-and the Woman's ord year .of 1906-7. The total for last Council for Home Missions, invited year was 1,197,892, as compared with all of the Protestant Churches to face 838,172 for the previous year, and America's greatest religious problem.

1,285,349 in 1906-7. There was a de- To fuse a score of race stocks, with a crease in departures. In 1911-12 the half-dozen colors of skin, speaking number of departing aliens was ap- forty. languages, and inheriting the proximately two-fifths of the arrivals. most diverse social and religious tradi-

tions, into a single homogeneous, consider the work of the home and democratic, and righteous nation, is foreign societies, to prevent duplicathe task that confronts us. tion, effect economy in administration and secure a maximum efficiency at A large amount of attractive liter- minimum expense. Dr. Charles R. ature was prepared for general use. Brown of Yale, was elected moderator of the council, and Rev. Hubert C. Comity Plan for Home Missions Herring, D.D., is the secretary of the National Couacil-a new office with T HE Home Missions Council has large advisory powers. worked out a comity plan under which the different denominations are The Mohonk Conference invited to agree on a distribution of unoccupied territory, so that the vari- D EPENDENT people need friends ous bodies shall respectively become -in the United States and elseresponsible for churching unchurched where-and they have friends in Mr. communities within specified bounds. Smiley and those who meet each year Obviously this implies a pledge from at Lake Mohonk to discuss the probeach party to the bargain that it will lems connected with the advancement not invade territory set aside for an- of Indians, Filipinos, Hawaiians, other denomination. The scheme is Porto Ricans and other wards of the exactly what now prevails on most United States. At the thirty-first anforeign mission fields. The Methodist nual conference, which was held in Episcopal Board of Home Missions October, considerable interest was favors the arrangement in principle, aroused in the criticisms of Mr. Warbut has no power to make or keep the ren Moorehead of the Board of Incompact until the General Conference dian Commissioners, on the existing of the church orders bishops and dis- conditions in Oklahoma. "The Intrict superintendents to observe ~t. dians," he maintained after special in- American Christian sentiment, there- vestigation, "can no more keep their fore, will look to the next Methodist property than a lamb can escape from General Conference for such an order. the jaws 'of the wolf." Mr. Moore- The Protestant Episcopal Board has head proposed that in place of the answered in about the same terms as present advisory board, the president the Methodist Board. of the United States be empowered by congress to appoint a commission It would seem obvious that a plan of nine men with adequate salaries which has proved itself so useful on and absolute authority, to hold office foreign fields might well be put into for ten years. Such a <commission effect on missionary territory at home. would be responsible for the protec- -The Continent. tion of the Indians and for the de- velopment of plans for.their improve- Congregational Reorganization ment. Congress, however, resents the criticisms and the federal department T HE Congregational Council in rejects the suggestions. Kansas City last October accomplished three things of note. They Translating Denominationalism adopted a new constitution that increases unification of interest and cen- W HILE the recent Episcopal Gentralization of power; they adopted a eral Convention was being held brief and simple statement of belief in N ew York, Bishop Williams of and they accepted a new plan to Michigan, preached from a Baptist coordinate the seven missionary pUlpit a striking sermon on Christian societies of Congregationalism. Ac- unity. He enumerated some of the cording to this latter provision all causes in our life to-day which are active members of the National Coun- making for unity, and then went on to cil are members also of the various say: "Still more does the pressure societies; a Commission of Missions is to be formed with 21 members to

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

wme upon us from the mission fields Nashville, Tennessee. Publicity is a at home and abroad. What do our denominational differences mean to growing force in every line of work the Chinese or the Japanese? That fact is illustrated in the attempt to and it is needed by the Church -as translate our denominational names much as by any other organization. into the Chinese language. The Baptist Church becomes the 'Big Wash The Nashville Christian Advocate explains that the Bureau represents only a step toward the better accom- plishment of the task of the Church Church,' the Presbyterian the 'Church in its evangelizing capacity. To make of Ruling Old Men,' while the Protest- missionary life, enterprise, and deant Episcopal Church is rendered into velopment news for the great reading the 'Church of the Kicking Overseers.' constituency of the secular world is "In desperation, we had to abandon good. To publish this news in the our title and take the old historic name papers of the Church itself is better. of the Catholic or Universal Church of To increase the circulation of this Jesus Christ. Our missionaries are Church literature so that the voice of feeling these insurmountable difficul- missions may reach the largest numties, and consequently they are work- ber of really interested men and ing out a policy of comity, dividing women is undoubtedly best.

responsibilities, arranging regi{)ns of work and spheres ·of influence. Better Negro Progress in Fifty Years still, they are simplifying their Gospel, T HE fiftieth anniversary of the signstripping it of denominational accre- ing of the Emancipation Proclamations, and giving the people simply the tion has been made the occasion for truth of Jesus." considerable comment on the achieve- Response to a Missionary Appeal ments of the race since becoming free. A Hampton Institute leaflet gives an O N a recent Sunday in the Gospel interesting array of facts to support Tabernacle, New York, Rev. A. its statement that no other emanci- B-:-Simpson so stirred a great. audience pated people has made so great a progby an appeal, that $43,142 were sub- ress in so short a time. In 1863 there scribed for missions at the close, in were 4,500,000 negroes in the United amounts varying from $1.00 to $4,000. States and their total wealth was esti- So eager were some to give that they mated at about $20,000,000. To-day went forward and subscribed while he the 10,000,000 negroes own over was in the midst of his appeal. The $700,000,000 worth of property. Fifty most striking incident of the occasion years a:go there were in the South no was the dedication of a one-year-old negro architects, electricians, photogboy, the son of Dr. R. H. Glover, as raphers, druggists, pharmacists, dena missionary. It should be stated tists, physicians, or surgeons; no that the money subscribed was not negro owners of mines, cotton mills, all in cash or personal pledges, but dry goods stores, insurance companies, was for the most part pledges of publishing houses, or theaters; no money to be collected during the year wholesale merchants; no newspapers from local congregations of the Alli- or editors; no undertakers; no reab ance in various States. Nevertheless estate dealers; and no hospital man-.

it represents noble giving. aged by negroes. In 1913 there .are The Scope of a Missionary News Bureau Negroes managing all tht: above kimnds. of enterprises. .

A Missionary Bureau, under the The educational progress of the auspices of the General, Mission race las been no less remarkable than. Boards of the Methodist Episcopal their advance along economic lines.

Church, South, the Southern Presby- Fifty years ago the education of the terian Church, and the Southern Bap- negro in the South had just begun.

tist Church, has been established in There were less than one hundred

schools, and no institutions of higher of the expedition is to heal the old education and secondary education. In wounds that time has partly closed, I9I3 there are over a million and a and to plant in the bosoms of these half negro children in the public original Americans a love for the flag schools of the South, and over 100,- of the country that has adopted them.

000 enrolled in the normal schools and Each tribe is to be given an American colleges. The normal and industrial a flag, many of which are already fly- schools number over 400, and there is ing over Indian reservations. Altho an imposing array of colleges and pro- the Government office on each res- fessional schools. Especially signifi- ervation has its flag, never before, it cant is -the increasing demand for an is said, have the Stars and Stripes efficient and trained ministry, and the floated over the soil reserved for the development of theological seminaries Indians. The only way, however, to to meet that demand. make good citizens of the red men is There has been great progress in to make them good, intelligent Chris- religious matters. It is said that no tians. It has been found on investiga- other people have given a larger per- tion (as reported in The Southern centage of their earnings to religious Workman) that almost none of the work. Ov'er eight per cent. of the Indians educated in Christian schools total wealth of the negro is in Church ever return to the customs of their property. There are four large pub- forefathers.

lishing houses which issue only negro Church literature. Sunday-school The Jews in Canada work has been extensively developed; THE Edinburgh Conference declared a laymen's movement is well under "The time to reach the Jews with way; institutional churches are being the Gospel is now, when they are successfully carried on in several rapidly drifting away from the faith of cities. All the important negro de- their fathers and are groping for somenominations now maintain home and thing they know not what, and the foreign missionary departments. They attempts to give the Gospel to these are contributing over $50,000 a year people have been altogether inadeto foreign missions, and over $roo,ooo quate." The Board of Home Misannually to home missions, supporting sions of the Presbyterian Church in 200 missionaries, and giving aid to Canada is grappling with the problem of Jewish evangelization, which is besome 350 needy Churches. This is coming one of increasing importance. a larger number of Churches and During the last thirty years the numministers than there were in regularly ber of Jews in the Dominion has inorganized negro denominations when creased from 667 to at least I 50,000 the Emancipation Proclamation was signed. and the great promoters of the power- Patriotiam for the Indian ful Jewish Colonization Association T HE American treatment of the In- and the Jewish Territorial Associa- dian from the days of the first set- tion have prepared a scheme for s<:tlers is not, as a whole, a record of tling some hundreds of thousands of which to be proud. But there is prom- Jews in Canada. ise in the plans of the Rodman Wana- A Jewish alderman estimates that maker Expedition of Citizenship to the there are 60,000 Jews in Montreal. North American Indian. This expedi- Twelve or fifteen years ago, when tion, which left Philadelphia with the there were but six or seven thousand, sanction of the President, is visiting the Protestant School Board agreed every one of the 169 Indian tribes in to take and educate the' Jewish the country, bearing to the Indians a children, provided no change be made message of good will and sympathy in the regulations of the Protestant from the great White Father at Wash- schools. For the past few years about ingtem and his people. The mission forty per cent. of the children attend-

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ing the Protestant schools are Jews, 'Conversation about Present-day Protany they have cost the Protestants estantism.' $roo,ooo a year over and above the taxes received from the Jewish rate "Give heed, beloved children, to the payers. recommendation which we here make to you to read this precious book, The new home of the Toronto which will leave your souls a super- Jewish Mission, with the above name, abundance of faith and enable you to is admirably suited to its work. It look down on Protestanism with the was formally dedicated, on the Sat- disdain which it merits."-Assembly urday afternoon of Assembly week. Herald. June 7th. There were services both afternoon and evening, and quite A Preacher as Minister to Guatemala a number of members of Assembly were present and took part. One of REV. WM. HAYNE LEAVELL, the speakers told of an incident of D. D., has been appointed Envoy last winter, in Knox Church. A Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo- Jew and his wife and eldest child potentiary from U. S. A. to Guatepublicly profest their faith in Christ, mala. The Guatemala daily papers anand then the parents presented the nounce that he is a Presbyterian pastor rest of their children for baptism, a of great reputation and learning, and household of eight. It was like the also famous in matters of science and scenes told in the Book of Acts, where philosophy; that he comes from one whole households were baptized by of the best families in the U. S. and is the Apostles. The pastor is Rev. B. from the first rank of the typical citi- Rohold, a native of Palestine. zens of the northern republic.

SPANISH AMERICA The appointment of a Protestant clergyman to this Roman Catholic An Archbishop's Alarm in Venezuela country is a new experience in diplo- macy. The influence of a strong THE building of a Presbyterian Christian gentleman may be a mighty Church in Caracas, Venezuela, has factor in the progress of Guatemala been made the occasion by the Arch- and may help to develop a still more bishop for the issuing of a manifesto, friendly spirit between the people of addrest to the clergy and the faithful Guatemala and the people of the of the archdiocese, which the Protest- United States and may also help forant missionary calls a splendid adver- ward the cause of Christ. tisement for his work. It is both a lament and a warning, as the follow- Strange Outcome of Persecution ing extracts will show: T HE conversion of three officials in "The Protestant Temple which they an English gold mine in central are building in the center of the capi- Brazil led to the establishment of the tal, already raises its height in the face Brazil section of the Evangelical Union of the towers and cupolas of our of South America. These men-elec- Churches! trician, stenographer and assayer- were finally forced out of their posi- "It would be very strange and as tions because of their Christian testia last calamity which could come upon mony. They put together their savings our country that this false religion, -$s,ooo-dedicatedit to the Lord, enemy of the Immaculate Virgin hired a hall in Ouro Preto, the capital Mary and of the most holy Sacrament, of Minas, for evangelical services and should come at the last hour to leave undertook long cross-country colportits fatal tracks among us! age service. Their center was lat~r "Therefore, beloved children, we transferred to Sao Paulo. Here in come to recommend to you as an antidote to all these errors of Protestants, three years a Church of 150 conthe reading of a book written …by verts – all ex-Romanists – has been Monsignor de Segur, which he called gathered together. In connection with it are nine established stations with

workers in charge, and nearly 600 earth," and as the proposed Dublin baptized converts. One of the native parliament would undoubtedly be conpastors, the late Samuel Mello of trolled from the Vatican, the Protes- Paranagua, was perhaps the most re- tants of the country are stirred to the markable evangelist that Brazil ha~ depths at the prospect of losing the produced. civil and religious liberty which they EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN have so long enjoyed under the pres- ent union with Great Britain, a union China Inland Mission Growth which secures just and equal treatment T HE number of missionaries has to all Irish subjects regardless of re- grown in fifty years from none to ligious faith. Tho the Protestants 1,040. This number includes 260 as- constitute only one-fourth of the pop- sociate workers who are in the main ulation, they produce more than two- Swedish, Norwegian and German. Of thirds of the revenue of the whole the remaining 780 missionaries, a cer- country. That means that under the tain proportion come from North proposed Home Rule regime the Prot- America and Australia, but the bulk of estants would earn the money and the them are from the British Isles. It is Romanists would spend it, and spend important to observe that tho the staff it, as past experience proves, in the in- numbers 1,040, not all of these are terests of their Church. The Presby- available for active service at the terian, the Protestant Episcopal (pop- front, so that the need for more mis- ularly known as the Church of Ire- sionaries becomes more manifest and land) and the Methodist Churches, more urgent. There are: On the home which together comprize almost the staff, 28; detained at home, 37; away total Protestant population, have all on furlough, 227; students in China, taken official action on the subject, de- 45; in the field, 703; total, 1,040. claring in strong terms their opposi- What a remarkable progress, since it tion to Home Rule.

was founded in 1865! In forty-seven THE CONTINENT years it has grown from nothing to a T staff of 1,04o-an average of a clear Temperance Laws in France increase after all loses of 22 per an- HE French Government, alarmed num. There are few other foreign at the rapid spread of drunken- missions (if any) that can show such ness in France, is bestirring itself to a record as this one which has gone drastic measures for its suppression, forward so bravely, trusting in God. and with a finely independent scorn In addition to the staff of foreign mis- for any paltry gibes about "grand- sionaries, the C. 1. M. has 21,190 motherly legislation"! The proposed recognized Chinese helpers of varying provisions will deprive a creditor of kinds. With the missionary staff and his power to recover a debt incurred associates this makes a total of 3,230. for drink; will protect the rights of The comlllunicants number 27,344; mothers and children, and deal with and from the commencement there the drunken husband; and will forbid have been over 40,000 baptisms. the employment in public-houses of boys under fifteen, and girls under IIrish Protestants Opposed to Home Rule sixteen years of age. It makes us feel N return for the long-continued sup- it is time for our own legislature to port of the Roman Catholic Na- "get a move on" in the dir,ection of tionalists of Ireland, the Liberal Party similar repressive measures.

in Great Britain has promised to es- .A German Princess as a Missionary tablish Home Rule in Ireland, with a T parliament at Dublin. As three- HE German Sudan-Pionier mission has sent recently several missionfourths of the Irish people are Roman Catholics and boast that they are "the aries one of them was Princess Maria most Catholic nation on the whole Agnes von Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen.

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The Kaiser Becomes a Teetotaler tion of land in Palestine amounts to BERLIN, Sept. 2o-(Special to Co- over $880,000. lumbus Citizen) .-Kaiser Wilhelm has become a "teetotaler." This is not A Defeat of Superatition a sudden notion of the Kaiser. It is FOR a thousand years ignorance said to be the gradual development and superstition have been workfrom moderate drinking to abstinence ing hand in hand with religious covering a period of several years and now resulting from the personal con- prejudice. This is especially true in reviction that alcohol is injurious to the gard to the Jews of Russia and central individual and an obstructive factor Europe. It is worse than the witch- hunting mania of four hundred years in the development of the nation. Statistics of the havoc caused in Ger- ago. The latest outbreak of this hatred many by the immoderate use of alco- and superstition that has come to pubhol are said to have made a deep im- lic notice is the now famous case of pression on the Kaiser. Germany is known as a nation of moderate drink- Mendel Beiliss of Kiev, Russia, who ing rather than for unusual drunken- was accused of the murder of a young ness. And yet it is shown that drink boy for ritualistic purposes in concauses annually 11,,600 suicides, 1,300 nection with the passover feast of accidents, 30,000 cases of delirium tremens and insanity, and 180,000 119911 I. There were many similar accucrimes. More than 60 per cent. of the sations in the middle ages, but in every insane, S2 per cent. of the epileptics, case that is possible of investigation 46 per cent. of the criminals, and 82 the evidence of gross superstition, haper cent. of the immoral women are tred and ignorance is too clear to give reported to have been born of drunken the slightest grounds for belief in such parents. a practise among the Jews.

The astounding thing in the present case is that the Czar of Russia, Nicolas II., and other prominent Russians are The Zionist Congress said to believe in the truth of these T HE world was deeply interested in stories of ritualistic murder. Protests . the recent great Zionist convention against this have been made in many held in Vienna. There had been so lands by Jews and Christians. In spite much bitterness manifested by those of threats and much pressure brought who oppose the Palestine colonization upon the court to find the defendant movement, that the best informed ex- guilty, Mendel Beiliss has been ac- pected a serious rupture when the quitted. Russian newspa{Jers general- meeting convened. Both sides did ly accept the verdict as just, but many take strong ground, and the two fear a popular anti-Jewish agitation parties had frequent and serious that may even end in another pogrom.

clashes. The strife between foremost A band known as the "Black Hun- Jewish leaders threatened for a time dred" has been making hostile demon- to break up the convention, but the strations. Russia is still struggling to skies cleared and from it all the Zion- emerge from medieval darkness. The ists came out all the stronger for the acceptance of the full teachings of strife. The effort to turn away those Jesus Christ and the establishment of who were undecided proved a failure, true religious liberty is the only hope arid before the convention closed, dif- for a victorious civilization in the Rus- ferences were forgotten, and $100,000 sian Empire.

was subscribed for a Jewish university A Change of Sentiment in Italy at Jerusalem. Much is being done to W aid Jews in Palestine to secure em- HEN the Baptist Convention was held in l3isaccia, in Southployment, and directors of the Jewish National Fund voted 2,000 pounds ern Italy, the Mayor attended the re- sterling for dwellings. The money in ception given to the delegates, and the banks available with the acquisi- about 800 persons were present at the

service in the chapel. This statement, write that it is impossible .to raise the in a daily newspaper, would mean lit- money for them to go back to college, tle if it were not remembered that in as the war has taken everything. 1910 Bisaccia was filled with the cry "Down with Americans! Down with The college is entering on a new Protestants!" and the Mayor threat- era of prosperity, with a new campus, ened to drive out the heretics, once for fifty acres in extent, and the fine all. The Government, to avoid blood- buildings, j u'st completed, which are shed, protected Mr. Stuart, the Amer- the gifts of Mrs. Sage, Mrs. Helen ican Baptist missionary, with soldiers, Gould-Shepard, Miss Olive Stokes who were sent to Bisaccia and kept and Mr. John D. Rockefeller. there at the expense of the town until complete order had been restored. A Sanitarium on Mt. Lebanon Over 40 persons were arrested but the Baptist pastor interceded in their DR. MARY EDDY of Syria, writfavor, asking that they be pardoned ing from the heights of Lebanon, or sentenced to a minimum punish- reports that building is going on slowly ment. but steadily for the necessary struc- tures of her tuberculosis sanitarium This magnanimous attitude caused among the Lebanon cedars. The open a reaction so that Mr. Stuart was able air dining-room, inclosed in wire to buy ground on which he built a screens, is finished, as also two new stone chapel and a school. The re- bath-houses for men and women and action reached its climax when the a recreation pavilion for men. The Baptist pastor married the daughters foundations are in for the reception of the Vice-Mayor of Bisaccia, who hospital and the separate shelter pavihad been one of the leaders against lions for the men and women patients. the Evangelicals. The new water system is also in opera- tion and the fresh. supply of running MOSLEM LANDS water in every building is considered the greatest boon of all. Conatantinople College Meanwhile, the very limited tem- O NE of the results of the Balkan porary building which Dr. Eddy wars is that many of the students placed on the mountain when she first of Constantinople College for Women began sanitarium work is crowded were unable to return at the be- with a total of forty-five patients and ginning of the autumn term. Its attendants. pr. Eddy is raising ten students, who number more than 300, kinds of vegetables in the sanitarium come from all parts of the Balkans. garden and is fighting in every posand represent different races and lan- sible way to keep down the cost of guages, which in the college come living and make her funds serve as together on a common basis as stud- many sufferers as she can possibly ents of one language and literature. reach. The Outlook thinks that if the Balkan States are ever welded into something INDIA like lasting solidarity, it will be because two institutions on the Bospho- Councils of Missions in India rus-Robert College and Constantinople College-have taught the men O NE of the far-reaching results and women of the peninsula that civ- traceable to the meetings which ilization is founded on mutual under- were held under the auspices of the standing. The need for such training Edinburgh Continuation Committee is makes the loss of it more to be de- the organization in Bombay last Sepplored, and adds pathos to the fact tember of the Representative Couricil that among others, two fine girls, who of Missions in Western India, the first would be seniors this year, daughters permanent official interdenominationof Protestant pastors in Bulgaria, al union of Missionary Societies in the Bombay Presidency. Every mission in the Presidency had been invited to

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join. Twenty-five of these had offici- far into the night. When they leave ally accepted the invitation. Among they unfold' from their scanty garthe business transacted was theelec- ments an offering, sometimes even of tion of representatives from this Bom- a hundred rupees) to the Lord's work. bay Provincial Council to the National There are now 14,000 church-mem- Representative Council of Missions; bers and the number grows continuthe decision to take over the work ally. Hundreds of colliers in the mines which is now being done by the West- have been baptized. Railway workers ern India Missionary Association in and locomotive engineers are being respect of the Poon~ L~nguage ~ch.ool, converted. The pastors tithe their the Marathi Exammahon of MlsslOn- salaries of $50 annually. Farmers aries, and a General Educational Com- come seventy miles on foot to plead mittee for the Presidency; plans for for pastors. One pastor came to the taking up work now carried or: by the station hatless and shoeless to win help Missionary Educational Umon of for 170 persons whom he had pre- Bombay and the Western India ~is­ pared for baptism, by night trips over sionary Association, and the appomt- cobra-infested paths. This makes 600 ment of a committee on Christian lit- whom he has won for Christ. Villages resound with Gospel hymns. erature for the Presidency. A Native Indian Christian Congress was also held in Madras for the week CHINA of October 6 to 12. Bible readings The New President and Parliament were given on "Christ, our Exemplar." Evening addresses were on the A few days after his election by the subject "Heaven and Hell," and eva~­ two houses of Parliament, early gelistic meetings were conducted m in October, Yuan Shih Kai was inaugurated with elaborate military the open air. pomp and ceremony, at the palace of One Alphabet for India? the Ming dynasty in Peking. His term THE illiterates in India are said to of office is for five years, and he is number 295,000,000. They speak eligible for reelection to one term only. 200 languages and dialects with over 50 different scripts. They are scattered The keynote of his inaugural adover an area of 1,500,000 square miles dress was modernization and progress, and live in 800,000 villages with only without too rapid transition from the one school for six villages. The aver- old to the new. He spoke cordially age earnings of the poorer classes are of education and science and of the I I-3d. per head per day. When these need of foreign talent and capital, perfacts are realized, the importance of tinently remarking that China was like a common alphabet becomes immense. a man possest of buried treasure Rev. Joshua Knowles, formerly of the who yet complains of poverty. He L. M. S. mission in Pareychaley, has promised also to strengthen the friendso far developed his plans for a R?- ly relations with foreign powers and manic alphabet for the whole of IndIa to observe all treaties entered into by that he was asked to read a paper to the Manchu and the Provisional govthe British Association in September. ernments. He hopes that state action may follow in due time. Whether President Yuan's financial and political-success will equal his mil- itary and disciplinary achievements re- mains to be s·een, but the expUlsion of Notable Methodist Ingatherings 300 deputies from parliament because T HE Methodist revival among the they opposed his policies and program, Telugus is as remarkable as that the declaration of martial law in Pe- in the Baptist Telugu Mission two tkoin~gwweearnr,d the recall of older statesmen decades ago. Companies of villagers savors more of Mexii.can .ddic- are reported as walking long distances tatorship' th:amn of true Republhicamnism.

to attend prayer-meetings, which last President Yuan has a difficult task be-

fore him but it is hoped that he may appointment becomes highly signifi- yet bring order out of chaos. cant when we think of the dreadful WConfucianism as a State Religion? year 1900 when China wanted to de- HILE encouraging reports have stroy every Christian in her land: To- come of the interest in Christi- day she is represented by one.

anity shown by thousands of Chinese A Chapel in a Chinese Prison students, it must be remembered that By the order of the governor a new there are thousands more who have prison was built in Fuchau, not been touched. We have already which is provided with a chapel where referred to the attempt of a former the Christian inmates may hold serstudent of Columbia University, New vices, and the local missionaries have York, to induce the Chinese govern- been requested to appoint regular ment to restore Confucianism to its old prison chaplains. Unrestricted priviplace as the State religion. Officials leges have been granted to Christian regard the movement as of importance, clergymen to visit the prisons. believing that it indicates reactio.nary tendencies. Chinese Bandit. Capture Missionaries C The leader of the movement is Che HINESE brigands, said to num- ber one thousand, led by the Huan-Chang, one of China's most learned young men, a member of the notorious bandit, White Wolf, whom Hanlin Academy and a doctor of the Government has been fighting for philosophy of Columbia University. several months, early in October cap- He has organized the Confucian As- tured five American and four Nor- wegian missionaries of the Lutheran sociation, which numbers among its Church at Tsao Yang in the northern ranks some of the most distinguished part of the province of Hupeh. Four scholars of the republic, and which has thousand troops were ordered into the just closed a national convention at district, but it was suggested that ran- Chu-Fu, Shan-Tung, the birthplace and burial place of Confucius. While soms might prove a quicker means of the state religion movement will prob- saving the lives of the captives as the ably fail, the revival of Confucianism troops were not capable or zealous enough to effect their release. The is one of great importance. American vice-consul at Shanghai re- I f a state religion were revived ported that the little son of one of the missionaries had been killed and other many conscientious men in official life foreigners maltreated by the brigands. would be obliged to decline to take part in state religious services, because Later, when the brigands attempted to force their way out of the city, the to do so would violate their own re- Government troops attacked them, and ligious beliefs. Such an act would they retired within the walls of the also create difficulties for Christian city. Two hundred bandits and eleven schools and Christian government of- soldiers were killed. ficers. The young Confucian said he did not see why this should be so, and.

declared that there had never been any A A Strange Prayer Meeting trouble of that sort in China until CONTRIBUTOR to the Quar- Christianity came in, as the Buddhists terly Record of the National and Mohammedans had found it pos- Bible Society of Scotland reports sible to join in Confucian ceremonies. that in June the Buddhists, Taoists China's Christian Ambassador and Mohammedans in Tientsin held D R. W. W. YEN, the newly ap- an indignation meeting to protest pointed Chinese Ambassador to against the slight placed upon their Germany, is a Christian. He is the religions by the President when first Chinese Christian to hold that he asked the Christians to pray office. His father is Rev. Y. K. Yen for the welfare of China. After a of Peking. The importance of this good deal of aimless discussion and

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mild vituperation, one of the leading knowledged Jesus Christ as Lord; men proposed that they should show now there are 84,000 Protestant their patriotism by sinking their differ- church-members. Then scarce an orences for the nonce, and holding a dained n<ltive minister; now 665. monster prayer-meeting of their own. Then the only Sunday-schools were But they could not decide to whom the close to the missionary's home; now prayers should be addrest. A promi- there are 1,850 of them. Then the nent Christia;n, who had attended the scholars in these schools were largely meeting from curiosity, suggested that the pupils in the few Christian they unite in presenting their petitions schools; now we have 100,000 such to Shang-ti, the term used in the Chi- childern in the Sunday-schools, and nese Classics for the "Supreme Ruler," when 12,000 of them gathered in one and adopted by the Protestant millions hall in Tokyo recently it made an imas the Christian term for God. This pression that has been lasting. Then suggestion being favorably received not a self-supporting church in the the meeting soon changed in character, land; now 174 of them, and the church when fervent prayer was offered by is steadily growing in power. the few Christians present; but when the members of the other religions Japan Seeking a Religion ventured upon extempore prayer, their efforts are said to have been sadly THE Japan Mission of the Southern lacking in coherency and unction. Presbyterian Church in their an- nual meeting drew up an appeal to the JAP AN-KOREA Executive Committee at home which is to be commended for its statesman- Growth of Episcopal Missions like quality. The careful study made of the field assigned to the Mission IN 1861 there was only one bishop of has led to the following conclusions: the American Episcopal Church "That in order to fully occupy our and one bishop of the Church of Eng- territory with that end in view, we land in all China and Japan. The first should establish at least fifteen new converts of modern missionary effort stations, in addition to strengthening had not been baptized in Japan. There the seven already partially occupied. was but a handful of Christians of any name in China. To-day in both China "An increase of 65 ordained men and Japan there are fully organized national churches. Japan has 7 dio- and 69 single lady missionaries, ~hat ceses with as many bishops, two American, four English and one is 134 in all, will be necessary for the Canadian. China has 11 dioceses and complete occupation of the field. as many bishops, three American, seven English and one Canadian. In "That a careful estimate of our both churches the communicants are needs in material equipment calls for numbered by the thousands, besides at least $700,000. many additional thousand baptized members and adherents. "Current statements to the contrary, the day of opportunity has not waned Progress of a Generation in Japan. We have never had a wider opportunity than at the present time. C HRISTIANITY has already The nation is seeking a satisfactory made great progress in Japan. basis fO'[ its morals, and it is realizing The changes leading toward the Chris- as never before, that morality must tian goal are everywhere manifest and have a religious basis. Japan is seekthere is much to enCOU!1age. Thirty ing a religion. Now, if ever, is the years have seen immense changes. opportunity of the Christian Church." Then there was scarcely a church building in the land; now there are Final Outcome of Korean Trials 1,600 of them. Then very few ac- T HOSE who have been following in detail the prosecution of the Korean Christians will remember that the first trial of Baron Yun Chi Ho

and his five companions was declared ually-minded and strongly religious. void by the Supreme Court, and that Many missionaries believe that the when the case was remanded they were Koreans are to become the evangelists tried and sentenced again. The report of the Orient.-Christian Observer. of this second trial makes it more than ever difficult to understand how the NORTH AFRICA condemnation of the prisoners can be justified, or even sustained by legal "A Results of Minions in Africa technicalities. The Supreme Court on ND now what of the results of review of the original proceedings held Protestant missions in Africa? that the evidence did not support the I submit a few suggestive statistics, verdict against the prisoners. At the quoting first three sentences from Mr. new trial no new evidence whatever Donald Fraser's book. 'In this wide was introduced and the prosecution field of West Africa there are now 20 rested wholly on the same alleged mbsionary societies at work and a naproofs that it presented before. On tive Christian community of at least these discredited grounds the court 175,000 souls. . . In South Africa reaffirmed its former verdict so that there are now some 30 missionary so- Baron Yun Chi Ho and his compan- cieties and they claim a membership of ions must serve their sentence. He is, a little over a quarter of a million nahowever, using his term in prison to tives. . . In East and Central Africa preach the gospel to his fellow prison- there are at least 50,000 native memers whom no missionary can visit. bers of the Christian Church.' Turn- ing to the Kongo mission I consult the A Korean Missionary to China volume lately issued by Dr. Anet, the Belgian pastor, who has recently vis- T HE Korean Church in many re- ited the Kongo in the interests of the spects approaches nearest of all new Belgian mission. He gives these the Churches to the Apostolic Church. totals, confessedly incomplete, as some It has suffered the fiery ordeal of per- returns are wanting. Protestant missecution. Its members are apostolic in sions in Kongo BeIge have 52 stations, their evangelistic fervor and zeal and 947 outstations, zz7 white missionin their implicit faith .in the power of aries, 2,z75 native helpers, zz,013 prayer. They consecrate thek prop- communicants, 34,167 scholars, IO erty and their talents and their time in doctors, 9 hospitals, 25 dispensaries, much the same way that the early 7 printing presses and 6 steamers. Christians did. And now the latest These figures do not include the Eng.. evidence of -apostoliC zeal is the send- !ish and American Baptist missions in ing of a Korean missionary to China, Portuguese Kongo, nor the Swedish Pastor Pak., who is to go as the rep- mission in French Kongo." resentative of the Presbyterian Church. EAST AFRICA Korea thus answers the argument Choosing a New Name sometimes made against foreign missions, that there is too much work at F ROM Uganda comes the news that home to send missionaries abroad. Al- one of the converts recently baptho there are millions in Korea yet tized at Mityana, in the county of Sinto be evangelized, men and women and go, is called "The Last of the Barons." children of their own people, language In the days of King Mwanga he was and customs, and nation, yet the Kor- a prominent figure at court, but after ean Christians are willing to send their Mwanga was exiled he settled down missionaries to other people. And out at Kasaka. There he twice burned of their scanty means, a daily income down the mission-house. He chose the so small that Americans wonder how name of Jonah, and when he was they live at all, they provide the salary asked why, he said: "Jonah was a and expense of their foreign mission- rebel; that is what I have been; now ary. Koreans are naturally spirit- I want to claim my Nineveh." Jonah,

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back again in his old home, is already savage lives, wearing little or nothing a real influence among the pleople who in the way of clothes, living under an along with him have all these years awful tyranny of barbarous customs. been rebelling against the Gospel of associated with bloodshed and much Christ. agony of mind and body. Yet now if any of the readers of this book could AnotAer Live African Church go out to the heart of Kongoland, they would be astonished at the aspect of T HE Rev. A. W. McGregor of Wei- many villages, with their well-'built thage, in the Kenia province, is brick houses, their happy, contented. greatly encouraged by the fact that the industrious people, clothed to a rea- Christians and catechumens are realiz- sonable extent, and as Christian in ing more their responsibility for bring- thought oOr behavior as the people of ing the truth to the heathen around London are or should be." them. Every Wednesday they go to four large markets where the audiences A Great Revival vary from five hundred to five or six thousand. Another encouragement is T HE Missionary Intelligencer, orthat Mr. McGregor can appeal to any gan of the Christian Church, reof the native Christians to help in any ports that this has been the greatest way, either in the services, schools or year their mission in Africa has ever open-air work. He mentions an ap- known. Heaven's blessings have atpeal which he made in behalf of the tended their labors. The number of British and Foreign Bible Society: baptisms so far has reached 1,30 1. "I told the congregation that on the There seems to be a revival in several following Sunday we would have col- of the outposts. When we remember lections for the Bible Society to send that in the last nine months there have the Word of God to other nations who been 331 baptisms at Lotumbe and were not as favorably situated as even 468 for the year, we s~e that the rt;- the Kikuyus were. On the following vival must be somethmg extraordI- Sunday their offerings amounted to Rs 35 (£2 6s. 8d.). One wrote me: nary. 'I send a sheep, but I don't want my name mentioned lest people should Amazing Growth Continues talk. I want to give it to send the Gospel to others.' This sheep was sold for T HE wonderful Church of Elat, in Rs 12 (16s.). A good number of ru- the center of the West Africa pees were in the collection. When the mission of the Presbyterian Board. Kikuyus give rupees away for God's continues to grow at a marvelous rate. work there must be some reality." At the midsummer communion the congregation numbered 5,800, and 2()() WEST AFRICA were baptized and received into full membership. The first confession of Succeaa on the Kongo Christ was made by I40. After ser- vice the elders met and advanced 45() FIGURES appeal but faintly to the from the first to the second class of imagination. A volume has just catechumens. At Eulasi, where a been published by Mr. Kenred Smith, preaching outpost has been esta~lished Kongo missionary, entitled "Kongo- in order to prevent overcrowdmg of land, a Book for Young People." Sir the main Elat Church, there were Harry Johnston has written an intro- 3,600 present. Here 27 were baptized duction, which contains the following and 200 advanced to the second class passage, immensely significant as the in the catechism. It thus appears that statement of so competent and dispas- on communion Sunday the total atsionate an observer: "Many of the tendance for Elat congregation in its Baptist missionaries still at work in two houses 'of worship considerably inner Kongoland have known that exceeded 9,000, and the communion region when it was populated exclu- additions were almost 300. – The sively by negroes leading absolutely Continent.

Gospel Progress in Sierra Leone their precious burden to the British O NE mission reports as follows: authorities at Zanzibar. The Rev. G. Number of missionaries 27. Na- W. Wright, of Mombasa, says: "One tive workers 68. Our mission is located by one our old friends who were land- in Sierra Leone, which is a British ed here from British warships after possession on the west coast, between Sir Bartle Frere had made his treaty seven and ten degrees north latitude. with the Sultan of Zanzibar, are pass- It lies between the French possession ing away to their rest. Retired Mom- of Senegal on the north and the inde- basa missionaries, and perhaps their pendent negro republic of Liberia on friends, may remember the name of the southeast. Its greatest length from old Leah Rubea; also of Alamasi, west to east is about 180 miles, and afterward baptized Danieli. Both died from north to south about 210 miles. lately. Old Leah Rubea had a shin- In addition to this, recently a strip ing face and a smile that was worth about 25 miles wide has been added having come a long way to assist to to its eastern frontier from Liberian intensify. Perhaps it was the suffer- territory. According to the recent ing these rescued slaves had often to census, the population is given at 1,- undergo that deepened their natures 4°2,785; of these 822 are white and and steadied them. Alamasi had done the remainder belong to the indige- a great deal of caravan work before nous tribes of the territory anci settlers he settled down. In those days he from other parts of Africa. Probably gave little promise, I am told, of be- no other part of the continent has so coming a help to us. His baptism and many different tribes within so small confirmation changed all that."

an area. In the city of Freetown and on the small peninsula can be found SOUTH AFRICA the representatives of at least 40 dis- A New Scheme for EvangeIization tinct tribes, while some authonties put A LAYMAN, writing in the London it much higher. The following tribes Guardian, thinks that it is due to are indigenous to the territory: Temni, the missionaries more than to any Sherbro, Mendi, Kono, Koronko, other agency that the small minority Mandingo, Ulunko, Limba, Lukko, of white people in South Africa are and Susu. The great number of tribes, able to live in security among the overand, consequently, the diversity of whelming mass of the native populalanguage, makes the field a particular- tion. If it were not for them, the naly difficult one, and at the same time tives might feel that they had no has led all the missions to conduct friends among the whites to care for their schools in the English language. them for their own sakes, and when Our mission conducts work among the natives have before their eyes so many Tertmi, Sherbro, Mendi, and Kono bad examples in white persons, l1he tribes and the Creole peoples. work of missionaries is needed to show CENTRAL AFRICA them that such conduct is not the livingstone's "Faithful Naaik Boy•." recognized standard of Englishmen and Christians. The writer states that THE celebration of the cenetenary a friend, in answer to some such ob- of the birth of David Livingstone servations, said it would be much bet- and references in recent letters from ter, instead of missionaries. to send out the East Coast to the freed slaves re- a thousand traders of such excellent mind us of the six faithful N asik character that they would set an ex~ "boys" who, in spite of hunger, fatigue ample of higher civilization without and sickness, bore the body of Living- preaching Christianity and upsetting stone across an almost pathless coun- natural conditions. "But who is to find try for more than a thousand miles, the virtuous thousand? Who is to fi- their journey extending over a period nance them? And supposing the of nine months, until they delivered thousand found, what is there to se-

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cure that their virtue will be perma- causes mentioned are: (I) the large nent and stand the strain of years of congregation of natives in mining exile and isolation??"" The scheme of areas, separated for long periods from industrial missions for the training their native women; (2) the contact and employment of natives, and for with undesirable Europeans; (3) the the development of the natural re- employment of male natives as domessources of the country, under Chris- tic servants and nurse boys. Respecttian laymen who are men of business able natives have a feeling of abhor- and under missionary auspices, but rence against such crimes, but when separate from the missionaries, is very native respect for white women is dedifferent and much more practical. creased or when the power of self- "T Khama'. New Church restraint is lessened by indulgence in HE new church in Khama's strong drink, sexual and other crimes capital is not ready for opening greatly increase. yet," writes Miss Sharp of Serowe, "It has taken much longer to build The Commission favors the enact- ment and the enforcement of stricter than they at first thought, as there laws prohibiting the sale of intoxihas been difficulty in getting supplies cants to natives, the infliction of of water. The rainfall has been so heavier penalties on white men and small in Bechuanaland this year that women who supply liquor illegally and the water has had to be brought long the establishment of canteens where distances. Our people have worked non-intoxicating "Kaffir Beer" shall well to help with the building, have be supplied regularly and in limited carried up all the stones as they were quantities.

prepared, in their wagons, and a ISLAND WORLD number of the men have been working American Filipino Policy F on the building with the white men RANCIS BURTON HARRISON, the new governor-general of the every day since they began to build. '[<he people have, as you know, col-' lected all the money to build their own Philippine Islands, on October 6th, at church-some £10,000. The women Manila, announced the policy of Preshave carried almost all the water used, ident Wilson toward those islands. Semane, the chief's wife, often going The declaration had been prepared by with them, to set them a good ex- the President before Mr. Harrison ample. I t has been especially hard left for his post. It is in no important work for the people this year as there sense different from what has been deis very little corn in the town, and the clared by other presidents to be the inpeople kave had to be away at cattle- tention of the United States governposts most of the time, where they can ment toward the Filipinos-ultimate get milk. When one goes round the independence. President Wilson says: town it looks quite empty, with gates "We regard ourselves as trustees, act- ing not for the advantage of the and doors shut." United States but for the benefit of Strong Drink and Crime the people of the Philippine Islands.

A GRAVE question in South Africa Every step we take will be taken with is the relation of the natives to the a view to the ultimate independence white race. A kindred subject is the of the islands and as a preparation for prevalence of crime. The South Africa that independence, and we hope to Commission on the "Assaults of move toward that end as rapidly as natives on white women" report that the safety and the permanent interests the use of intoxicating liquors is one of the islands will permit. After each of the chief causes of such crimes. step taken, experience will guide us to The total number of charges of as- the next." There is to be a change in sault for the Union in I912 were IIS, the composition of the Filipino Com- resulting in 70 convictions. The other mission membership. Heretofore five

members of it have been Americans in our mission. Just out in front of and four Filipinos. Hereafter the ma- the present mission house is a huge jority will be Filipinos. rock, nearly covered at high tide. This is called 'Tau veu,' or 'man- Raymond Robins, returning from rock,' and here in past days the people the Men and Religion trip around the of Suau laid their victims, while the world, says that while in the Philip- horrible process of dividing the spoil pines he learned to believe, contrary was carried out. to his untraveled impression, that the United States ought not to try setting "The church is well built and goodup the Filipinos to govern themselves looking, and, as tho a further proof any time in the near future. An "anti- of its consecration, twenty-eight new imperialist" before, Mr. Robins now church members were baptized at the tells friends that he thinks the pres- very first service in it. There seems ence of an American government in a great and good future before this the Philippines well justified by what new church in the old heathen village, it has accomplished for the betterment and we earnestly hope it may fulfil all of life there since the Spanish regime expectations. Suau is not 'a city set ended. on a hill' in the actual sense a f the phrase, but it is 'a village at a good Open-air Preaching in Formosa anchorage,' which out here means the same thing. Boats pass and repass T HESE striking examples of results and often anchor at Suau which are of open-air preaching are given by never even seen by other villages, and Mr. Hope Moncrieff: "Some years if Suau earns and keeps a good repuago a man stopt to hear a foreign mis- tation it will travel far." sionary preaching in mid-Formosa. He passed on. Two years later German Misllion in New Guinea trouble visited his home, and he remembered a few words of what he T HE Neuendettelsauer Mission had had heard, and went at once to the at the beginning of this year in nearest church to see if the Christians' -Kaiser-Wilhelm-Land, New Guinea, God could help him. To-day he is 16 mission stations with a plantation one of the finest Chinese Christians I and sawing plant; 26 missionaries; 17 have ever met. A notorious Chinese lady missionaries; 9 merchants. Of criminal was imprisoned by the J ap- these 35 are native workers. Its conanese. After many years of confine- gregational membership is 3,593. Pument he suddenly remembered having pils in the different schools 1,393; inheard a man preach of Christ, in the quirers 1,290. The contributions of streets, years before. He fell on his the native Christians amounted to knees, and prayed: 'Jesus save me!' 169,752 marks. From that time his conduct changed and he was granted a remittance of Unoccupied Fields in Dutch East Indies sentence. It was a Sabbath morning when he was released, and he literally T HE missionary occupation of the ran to the nearest Christian church. East Indian Archipelago under Afterward he bcame a member of Dutch rule is far from adequate. that church." Twelve societies are at work there with 266 foreign missionaries. The Former Cannibals Build a Church total popUlation of the Dutch East In- dies is about 37,000,000. Of these T HE London Missionary Society nearly all are Moslem (35,000,000), Chronicle tells of the dedication while 500,000 are Christians and the of a new church at Suau, in its mis- remaining 1,500,000 are heathen. sion in Papua, and Mrs. Rich, of the mission, writes as follows: Some of the islands are entirely un- occupied fields: Madura, Bali, Lom- "Suau was a cannibal village, its bok and parts of Sumatra. The greatpeople wild and savage and feared; est obstacle to the Gospel is :Moslem to-day it is one of the most promising aggressiveness. Some fields are espe-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

cially fruitful in Christian converts been twenty years on the field, he and in this Archipelago large numbers was worth in his indirect expansion have been won to Christ from Islam. of trade and commerce £10,000 per The Netherlands Society is placing es- year to British Commerce.-:-Ex. pecial emphasis on native evangelism and has established six training T Mi••ions in the Sunday-.ehool schools in the last six years. Day HE SPIRIT OF MISSIONS schools, hospitals, leper asylums, (Episcopalian) from henceforth churches and other forms of work are is to have a Sunday-school department, also bringing encouraging results. and says concerning it: Dr. Baron van Boetzelaer van Dub- "Doubtless there are superintendents beldam has been appointed Missionary and teachers who do not recognize Consul or Confidential Agent of the missionary instruction as being a nec- Rhenish Society, to represent the mis- essary or desirable part of the Sunsion before the Government Council. day-school curriculum. As a matter of fact, it is the very soul of all suc- MISCELLANEOUS cessful Sunday-school work, and in its essence is doubtless being inad- What Miaaionaries Have Done vertently and unconsciously given by all faithful teachers. The purpose of MISSIONARIES have translated a Sunday-school is the education of a the Bible into about seven-tenths Christian; a Christian is a member of of the languages of the world's speech. a body; that body is the body of Christ, and its purpose in the world is Missionaries have done more than to make Christ known. By these anyone class to bring peace among steps we arrive inevita~Jy at the missavage tribes. sionary idea. In some form the mis- sionary motive has underlain all real All the museums of the world spiritual and ecclesiastical progress. have been enriched by the examples But it is desirable to make definite, of the plants, animals, and products systematic and attractive this thing of dista.nt countries collected by which has been too much in the backmissionaries. ground of our religious education, for from it will flow the inspiration of the The export trade of the United whole." States to Asiatic countries jumped from about $58,000,000 in 1903 to Medieval Worship and Christian Missiona about $127,000,000 in 1905, which was due chiefly to missionary in- A CORRESPONDENT of East fluence. and West voices his feeling that those who would imitate the devo- Missionaries were the first to give tion and self-sacrifice of medieval any information about the far in- Christians make a mistake in clingterior of Africa. They have given ing to the same form of expresthe world more accurate geographi- sion. During the Middle Ages those cal knowledge of that land than all who desired to consecrate their money other classes combined. to the extension of the kingdom of God felt that the erection of It is to missionary efforts that all costly churches was the most effec- South Sea literature is due; there is tiv~ means of advancing the kingdom not a single case on record of the of God and His glory. It was not reduction to writing of a Polynesian possible then for them to contriblanguage by another than a Chris- ute to missionary colleges or to multian worker. tiply churches outside the pale of Christianity, inasmuch as three-quar- The missionaries have expanded ters of the globe was unknown to the world's commerce. The trade with the Fiji Islands in one year is more than the entire amount spent in fifty years in Christianizing them. A great English statesman estimated that when a missionary had

them. Their spiritual successors to- she then took charge of the train- day best follow them, not by erecting ing of Bible women.

buildings that vie with one another Sailing for Tsun Hwa, China, in in cost and magnificence, but by giv- 1887, she began the first medical ing their support to those who are ork undertaken by a woman in promoting Christian worship in places that city. From a handful of pa- which so far lack the institutions of tients the first year, she worked UP.

the Christian religion. with tireless zeal, a training class.

Rome'. Meager Gifts to Missions and opened a hospital and dispensary. From a hundred or so to thousands IT is an interesting fact that the Prot- of patients treated annually, from estant churches of the world give brief journeys outside the city to long more than $20,000,000 annually for trips to the Chinese Wall, from a foreign missions. This fact was smattering acquaintance with the brought out prominently through the language to a charming familiarity compilation of statistics made by -all this was the achievement of the Laymen's Missionary Movement. Dr. Terry. Once she made a famous When the startling figures were pub- journey of twelve hundred miles in lished, Roman Catholic prelates be- a Chinese cart. When she came gan to investigate the contributions home on leave she used her vacations of that Church with its large member- largely to increase her skill in her ship, and now the general director of profession. K0 missionary has a more the Society for the Propagation of the successful record than Dr. Terry. Faith gives out the information that after canvassing the gifts of that Rev. Robert Forbes D.D.

Church throughout the whole world, T HE Board of Home Missions and he finds the sum to be in excess of $6,- Church Extension of the Method- 000,000 for missions, both home and ist Episcopal Church has lost a valued foreign. The Society for the Propaga- officer by the recent death of Rev. Rob- ert Forbes, D.D., Corresponding Section of the Faith reports about $1,- retary of the Board. He passed away at Duluth, Minn., on October 25, after 300,000 as passing through its treas- being seized with a sudden and seriou::> ury, one-half of which is given in illness while attending a conference at France and one-sixth in the United States.

OBITUARY Eugene, Ore.

P. Z. Easton of Persia Dr. Forbes' career embraces 42 years of ministry in the Methodist REV. PETER ZACCHEUS Episcopal Church. He was a member EASTON, who was for forty- of five General Conferences, from 1896 five years missionary to Persia and to 1912 inclusive. In May, 1903, he Russia, died on September 22d in Ta- was chosen by the Bishops as First Asbriz, Persia. Mr. Easton was born sistant Corresponding Secretary of the May 30, 1846, and after graduation Board of Church Extension and was from the College of the City of New reelected to that position by the Gen- York and from Union Seminary went out to Persia and there rendered noble eral Conference of 1904. In 1907 the service to the missionary cause. Bishops elected Dr. Forbes corre- sponding Secretary of the Board of Dr. Edna Terry, of China Home Missions and Church Extension.

O N August 19th, in Taianfu, Chjna, Dr. Forbes has been recognized as occurred the death of Dr. Edna an able and earnest advocate of the G. Terry, who had spent 26 years cause of Home Missions and Church in China. Extension, and was unsurpassed as a A few years ago she became so platform speaker. He also possesst crippled with rheumatism that she high executive ability, and was one of could not do her medical work, and the most brotherly of men. AND MISSION LANDS INDIAN UNREST. Valentine Chirol. 8vo. have served the cause. The study of $2.00, nct. The Macmillan Company, the French Revolution and of the Fe- New Yark, 1910. nian outrages has cooperated with the revival of the most sensuous and One who would understand the shameful idolatry. magnitude and delicacy of Britain's problem in India can ill afford to ig- It is to be regretted that the Arya nore this volume, the chapters of Samaj, which 'stands presumably for which appeared originally in the Lon- the renovation of the life of India, don Times. The book is cordially in- has given itself so largely to the protroduced by Sir Alfred C. Lyall and motion of a false nationalism. The offers a discriminating analysis of the native states hav~ been influenced,·but diverse causes of current discontent have not been seriously disaffected. and incipient revolt. The Mohammedans, numbering per- haps 65,000,000 of the population, There are "two forces that aspire to have stood loyal, knowing well that substitute themselves for British rule, their interests are one with those of or at least to make the continuance of Britain, but they have been fearful of British rule subservient to their own the increasing influence of the Hindus ascendancy. One is the ancient in the affairs of state. Determined efand reactionary force of Brah- forts have been made to shake the manism. . . . The other is a mod- loyalty of the army, but without maern and, in its essence, progressive terial success. force generated by Western education. . . . The most rebellious elements in Particularly suggestive to those who both have effected a temporary and are studying and promoting educaunnatural alliance on the basis of an tional missions are the chapters which illusory 'Nationalism,' which appeals deal with Government education in Into nothing in Indian history, but is dia. The author believes that this has calculated and meant to appeal with failed to meet the social, industrial, dangerous force to Western sentiment ethical and religious needs of the and ignorance. . . . It rests with us people. There are words of high to break up that unnatural alliance." praise for our missionary educational institutions. Chirol's solution of the The agitators are for the most part problem of religious education in the men who for personal' reasons harbor common schools is this, that "capable grudges against the British raj. Brah- and enlightened representatives of the man influence has been undermined, different creeds exercise the necessary not so much by overt acts of Govern- amount of supervision in a spirit both ment as by the tendencies of the times. of sympathy and of loyalty to the Meanwhile England has been educat- Government they serve." ing hosts of young Indians, who have had nothing in view but positions un- Another interesting if not convincder the Government. The supply has ing suggestion is made regarding the far outrun the demand. Some men "deprest castes." Fifty millions out with a superb education, more men with a superficial education, many half of the 300 millions of Hindus are constarved and degenerate, have been fo- demned "to a life of unspeakable degmenting discontent. The malcontents radation." Too often these "unhave with the utmost skill combined touchables" are unable to attend the the power of religion with other ap- ordinary schools, "owing to the idea peals. Bombs and the worship of Kali that it is pollution to touch them." "Now the question with which we are confronted is whether we shall our- of 'China" is worth telling and it is selves take a hand in the elevation of here given in sufficient detail to make the reader acquainted with a man the deprest castes, or whether we worth knowing. The story is briefly shall leave it to others, many of whom told but is full of interest and inwould exploit them for their own pur- spiration. Dr. John was a missionary poses." . . . In the Christian missions, in China for over fifty years and acthey [the Government] have an ad- complished a great work in Hankow mirable organization ready to hand and the Central Province,;. Dr. John was one of the men who has molded which merely requires encouragement the Christian Church in China and and support. The writer thinks that his influence still abides. the usual objections to giving official countenance to proselytizmg work can WHAT NEXT IN TURKEY. Glimpses of the )l1Ot lie against an effort to reclaim American Board's VI/ork in the Near '''whole classes which the orthodox East. By David Brewer Eddy. Illus- trated. 12mo, 191 pp. American Board, Hindu regards as beyond the pale of Boston, 1913. human intercourse." While Mr. Eddy has never been in The author writes not as a pessi- Turkey he has used his many sources mist but quotes Morley's word, "We of information to good advantage and have a clouded moment before us now. has perhaps chosen the facts and in- We shall get through it." "The justifi- cidents that interest American readcation of our presence in India is that ers better than one would have done it gives peace and security to all the whose mind was crowded with first" various races and creeds which make hand impressions. The story of the up one-fifth of the population of the land and its peoples, the political and globe." The foundations of British religious history is told with a snap rule are deep and strong. There is a and purpose that holds the attention. -"sentiment of reverence for the crown, The work of tiie American Board is wide-spread and deep rooted among described in some detail, with the successes, thc limitations and the op- ;a11 races and creeds in India." portunities clearly set forth. The few errors concerning the founding of MEXICO TO-DAY. Social, Political, Re- Robert College, etc., are compara- ligious ConditIOns. By George B. Win- tively unimportant. The appendix ton. Illustrated. Map. 235 pp. SOc., gives some valuable suggestions for ,cloth; 35c., paper. Net. Missionary Ed- leaders of Study Classes and Sunday- ucation Movement. New York, 1913. schools. MallY besides Congrega- tional circles will be glad to add this This is a timely and informing vol- to their librallcs. ume on the republic (?) so prominently now beiore the public eye. It THE ApPEAL OF MEDICAL MISSIONS. By R. is prepared for the missionary study Fletcher Moorshead. 12mo. 244 pp. 2s. courses and will make an attractive 6d., net. Oliphant, Anderson and Farrier. subject for classes or individuals. Mr. Winter writes not as a traveler Medical Missions makes a stronger or a missionary but as a reader who appeal to the ayerage man or woman than any other form of Christian has gathered his material from many work. Mr. Moorshead has here presources. The missionary situation is sented a more complete statement of described and emphasized and the the basis, the need and the power of political situation is brought down to this arm of the missionary army than the beginning of Huerta's presidency we have seen since the volume by John Lowe. The basis and the prog- (April, 1913). For those interested ress of the work is set forth in a in missions and for others who wish convincing manner and facts and inmuch information in brief space this cidents are put in a way to deepen interest and arouse to action. is an excellent handbook.

GRIFFITH, JOHN. The Apostle of Central China. By Nelson Britton. Illus- trated. 12mo. 143 pp. 9d., net. Lon- don Missionary Society, 1913.

The story of how "the boy preacher cf Wales" became "the apostle John