The Missionary Review of the World — February 1935

1935

Idols Falling in China James P. Leynse A Robber's Church in India H. R. Coventry A Century of Medical Work in China J. Oscar Thomson Problems and Encouragements at Home Seen by Home Mission Executives The Success of Missionary Children Ellsworth Huntington Among the Italians in America A. Di Domenica

~bt 1Sing'~ .u~int~~ Augustus Field Beard was born

May 11, 1833, in Norwalk, son of Al- published by gernon Edwin and Mary E. Mallory Beard. After attendmg Williston BIBLE INSTITUTE OF LOS ANGELES Academy, he went to Yale, bemg graduated with the A. B. degree in A monthly Bible Family Magazine with something in it 1857 and receiving his Master's de- gree in 1860. In 1857 and 1858 he for every member of the family circle went to Auburn Theological Seminary, and in 1860, the year that he was I SSUED for twenty-five years without interruption. THE KING'S BUSI- ordained a minister of the Congrega- NESS has consistently represented the best thought of the funda- tional Church, was graduated from mental Christian churches of the nation. In addition to its Union Theological Seminary. interesting contributions by leading teachers, evangelists and pastors, it prints every month several valuable departments, including: An Dr. Beard in 1886 became corre- International Lesson Commentary, Notes on Christian Endeavor, Daily sponding secretary of the American Devotional Readings, Girls' Query Corner, Junior King's Business, and Missionary Association of the Congre- Helps for Preachers and Teachers. Trial subscriptions (3 months) 25c; gational Church. For many years he Annual subscriptions $1.50. The following premiums are at present took a prominent part in the developavailable free with annual subscriptions: a teacher's Bible, a copy of ment of schools and colleges for Nelamison's Bible Chart, or a copy of Objects that Talk and Teach, con- groes in the South, and on his huntaining 52 new and interesting object lessons. The supply of each of dredth birthday anniversary, a fund these premiums is limited, so order at once. of $100,000 was started to provide scholarships for advanced Negro stu- Address: dents.

tlrbt Iting'5 1iusimss *** 558 South Hope Street Los Angeles, California Miss Frances Cecil Heath, one of the most valued leaders of the Y. W. Dates to Remember Obituary Note. C. A. in Great Britain, died on De- cember 30, 1934. She was the daugh- FLORIDA CHAIN OF MISSIONARY Masanobu Ishizaka, first Dean and ter of the late Rev. Christopher and ASSEMBLIES then President of Aoyama Gakuin, Mrs. Heath of Hucclecote and Chelten- Tokyo, died in that city November 8. ham and joined the Y. W. C. A. in For further information, write to His doctor's degree was received at 1912 as Divisional Secretary of the Miss B. Louise Woodford, 930 23d St., Johns Hopkins University. Southern Division of Great Britain. North, St. Petersburg, Fla. She became principal of the Associa- January 26-30-0rlando. Dr. J. J. Ran*som* , p*ioneer Method- tion's Training College in London and January 27-30-Deland. when the College closed Miss Heath Jan u a r y 30-February 1 – P a I m ist missionary to Brazil, died at Nash- went to Jamaica, and put the work of ville, Tenn., October 18. Dr. Ransom the Y. W. C. A. on a lasting founda- Beaches. organized the Methodist Mission in tion so that it has increased in February 2-7-Miami. Brazil, and was an outstanding lin- strength. Her remarkable power with February 7-8-Bradenton. guist and theologian, contributing Colored girls was evident when later February 7-S-Fort Myers. frequently to church periodicals and she went to West Africa to make a February 9-IS-St. Petersburg. translating religious works into Por- survey for the World's Y. W. C. A. February 10-13-Clearwater. tuguese. As a result of her visit a good work February 13-1S-Tampa. was started in Lagos. February 17-19-Lakeland. The Rev. Fr*ede*ric*k Lynch, D.D., February 17-19-Winter Haven. If you use February 19-21-Gainesville. minister, editor and peace advocate, February 23-26-Jacksonville. secretary of the Church Peace Union, PRINTING 1914-26, died in December at his home January 22-2S-Cause and Cure of in New York City, at the age of 67. YOU will profit from an ac- War Conference. Washington, D. C. quaintanceship with us. We Dr. Lynch was born at Peace Dale, do the job complete in our own January 22 – February 16 – Cornell R. 1., and studied at Yale and was or- plant. whether it be large or School for Missionaries, Cornell, dained in the Congregational ministry small. N. Y. in 1899. He edited Christian Work for twenty years, 1906-26, and was While our specialty is Books. February ll-IS-Annual Meeting, In- president (1910-18) of the American Magatines and Pamphlets. vet ternational Council of Religious Scandinavian Foundation. He was a we have a variety of modem Education, Chicago. founder and in 1914-26 secretary of equipment to meet all the re- the World Alliance for International quirements of vour particular February 24-Brotherhood Day. Friendship. job. You will find our service March 8-World Day of Prayer. prompt, careful and courteous. March S-IO-Youth Conference under The Rev. Dr. Augustus F. Beard, the oldest Yale alumnus and the old- Will you allow us to estimate the Auspices of the Greater New est Christian minister in the United on your next printing? We be- York Federation of C h u r c h e s, States, died on December 22d at his lieve you will be delighted with Riverside Church, New York. home in Norwalk, Connecticut. He our product, price and service. was 101 years old on May 11. The EVANGELICAL PRESS He took his first airplane ride at 100. Print.,., of The Mi.s5lonary Retri…. of the WMid He attained wide recognition for his work in the advancement of higher PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE education for Southern Negroes, and third and Reily Str••ts Harrl_l, P.. was for many years secretary of the American Missionary Association.

MISSIONARY issue, and 1 congratulate you. After "We deeply regret that

REVIEW OF THE WORLD I laid it down my wife took it up, and Young, when called upon by the when I came back an hour later she Minister of War, did demon- DELAVAN L. PmRsoN, Editor was still reading it. strate the use of the hand 'bil- lies' on one occasion. This we VOL. LVIII FEB.,1935 No.2 PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ, feel was a serious error on his Trea8urer of the Moravian Church. part. The leading newspapers Publication and Business Oftlce in Ecuador recognize that Mr. Third and Reily Sta., Harrisburg, Pa. *** Young acted from a sincere de- sire to save human life, without Editorial and Executive Office It was a glad surprise to find the thought of gain for himself . . . 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City latest copy of the REVIEW on the S. S. Entered as second-class matter at Empre88 of Canada last summer when "Mr. Young has served as a Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act enroute to Honolulu. Someone ought missionary in Ecuador since of March 3, 1879. to place the REVIEW on other large 1918 and has proved himself to 25 cents a aopY-$2.50 a year. be a devoted servant of Christ, Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. steamers! an earnest and successful win- Published monthly, except August. ner of souls. We believe he acted All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. ANNE SEESHOLTZ, Exec. Sec., innocently, although inadvised- British agents, Marshall, Morgan Council of Women for Home Mi8- ly, in this matter." and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, 8ion8, New York, N. Y. DAVID MASON. 10 shlllings a year. *** Personal Items MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- This January MISSIONARY REVIEW LISHING CO., INC. Mr. W. P. Livingstone, of Edin- BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE WORLD, fine as it is all burgh, has retired from editorship of Life and Work, official organ of the RoBERT E. SPEER, President through, appeals to me especially be- Church of Scotland, and the young WM: I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President people's missionary paper, Other WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer cause of its breadth of vision in giv- Lands. Mr. Livingstone is the author DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary of fourteen missionary books, of which SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT ing all Christian matters pertaining the best known are "Mary Slessor of MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD Calabar," "Laws of Livingstonia" and WM. B. LIPPHARD to the Church of Christ throughout "The Galilee Doctor." He is well ERIC M. NORTH known not only in Great Britain and MILTON T. STAUFFER the World. ADELE GREENE. America, but.in Africa, Australia and A. L. W ARNSHUIB the West Indies. His Life of Mary SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Wa8hington, D. C. Slessor has been translated into Ara- bic, Dutch, French, Chinese, Welsh, Editorial Chat "Missions or Hand Grenades" Hindi, Norwegian and Hungarian.

January was the month for taking A Correction *** account of stock; for considering the past and its lessons; and to prepare Exception has been taken to a Carlton M: Sherwood, General Secfor an advance. The Foreign Mis- paragraph in our December retary of the International Society of sions Conference met for this purpose number (page 589), under the Christian Endeavor, has been apin Garden City (Jan. 2 to 4) and the above caption. The information pointed Executive Director of the As- Home Missions Conference in Phila- was copied from The Living sociated Boards for Christian Colleges delphia (Jan. 6 to 10). Both meetings Church which, in turn, quoted in China, with headquarters in Bosof missionary executives are briefly from testimony presented at the ton. reported in our "Topics of the Times." munitions inquiry in Washing- Fuller reports can be obtained from ton. Letters from Rev. A. C. Dr. John H.* Fi*nley*, educator and the headquarters of the Foreign Mis- Snead, and from Rev. David Masions Conference, now at 156 Fifth son, Foreign Secretaries of the publicist, has accepted the national Avenue, New York, and of the Home Christian and Missionary Alli- chairmanship of "Brotherhood Day" Missions Council and the Council of ance, under which Mr. Young which will be observed by Protestants, Women for Home Missions, 105 East was sent as a missionary to Catholics and Jews on February 24, 22d Street, New York. The REVIEW Ecuador, throw light on the mat- 1935. is cooperating, heartily but unofficial- ter. These letters and The Ally, with these interdenominational or- liance Weekly contain the fol- Rev. Frank T*. C* ar*twright, Associganizations and with all evangelical lowing comments on the incimission boards and societies, denom- dent: ate Secretary of the Methodist Forinational or independent, that are eign Board, is touring the mission seeking to make Christ known and to "During 1932, there was con- fields to study cooperative problems enlist men and women in His service. siderable political turmoil in in Japan, Korea, China, the Philip- Ecuador, with frequent revolu- pines and Malaysia. The aim of the REVIEW is to pre- tions, during which many lives sent the universal need for Christ and were lost, including the lives of *** His Gospel and to report how God is innocent bystanders, among them working today in all parts of the a fine Ecuadorian Christian. In Miss Sue Weddell, Secretary of world to reveal Himself, to save men order to prevent further blood- You n g Peoples' Work, Reformed from sin and eternal death, and to shed Mr. Young suggested to the Church in America, has been elected establish His sovereign control in all authorities that tear-gas might Chairman of the Board of Managers lands and in all realms of life. be used in place of guns to over- of the Missionary Education Move- come the unruly rebellious mobs. ment. *** As a result, communication was established between the Minis- *** Encouragement comes from letters ter of War and the Federal Labwhich tell of the way God is using the oratories and sample "billies"- Miss Anne Seesholtz, Executive REVIEW to stimulate interest in our tear gas bombs – were sent Secretary of the Council of Women readers and enlist them in His service. through the regular Government for Home Missions, has received a Some of these write as follows: channels to Ecuador. We are as- degree of Doctor of Philosophy from sured that Mr. Young did not Columbia University. Her field is This afternoon I did something that take orders for the bombs. History and Philosophy of Religion. is psychologically all wrong, but I could not help it. I took up the Janu- [49 ] ary REVIEW and read it from cover to cover. I simply could not stop. I think it is an exceptionally interesting

A CHINESE CHRISTIAN ARTIST INTERPRETS CHRIST'S

1. The Parable of the Great Supper. 2 The Broad and Narrow Gates. 3. The Wise ",nd Foolish Virgins. 4. The Good Shepherd Returning. 5. "Ask and It Shall Be Given You." REVIB ORLD AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS VOLUME LVIII FEBRUARY, 1935 NUMBER Two —-~- —–~~—————————————— Topics of the Times HOME MISSIONS TODAY IN AMERICA of the Church to move with the frontier and to establish churches and schools. In our own day geographical fron- Some of the present-day problems and challenge tiers are shifting, as in the Tennessee Valley development.

in the task of making America Christian was pre- By the turn of the twentieth century the frontier had sented in the twenty-seventh Annual Meeting of shifted from the West to the industrial communities of the Home Missions Council and the Council of the East, from Anglo-Saxon to the Slavic, Latin and Women for Home Missions which met in Phila- Semitic races. The Church never really occupied this delphia, January 7th to 10th. The presiding offi- frontier, with serious consequences for the America of to- day. This frontier still lies as a challenge before the cers were Dr. Charles E. Schreffer, Secretary of home mission agencies. But the frontier of the new day is largely social-inthe Reformed Church in the United States Board dustrial, economic. It is psychological and spiritual. Conof Home Missions, and Mrs. Daniel A. Poling, gregationalists are creating a Social Action Department, President of the Council of Women for Home and the Baptists have appointed a Christian Social Action Missions. The topics discussed included young Commission. There can be no doubt that it is the func- people's work, pioneering, migrant workers, In- tion of the Church to cultivate social insight, to create social sympathies, to cultivate social imagination-that dian work, Jews, New Americans, West Indies, the effect of individual conduct or social action may be Alaska, rural work, church buildings, Orientals, envisaged-and to cultivate in individuals and groups not cooperation and strategy and planning for the only a willingness to share but the courage to create situa- future. The home mission study topic for the year tions under which they must share. As the Church dur- ing the eighteenth century prepared men to serve on the (1935-6) is the "Next Steps in Home Missions." geographical frontier and later other men to serve on racial frontiers, should not the Church and its home lPis- The major emphases of the message for the sion agencies now definitely set apart men for service present day were enumerated by Dr. Chas. H.

Sears as follows: along the new social frontiers?

The current demands upon religion are for spiritual Home mission leaders must be quick to shift their stratpower to transcend difficult and almost baffling circum- egy to meet changed conditions, recognizing that "Church stances that confront us. Men look to the Church to cul- extension" demanded on the geographic frontier is not tivate the resources of the Spirit. The human spirit can the "Church extension" required on the social frontiernever be satisfied with its material environment for it fewer new churches, more outreach in ministry. The has needs which no social order can satisfy. The time- home mission programs required today must meet the reless task of the Church is to cultivate the powers of the ligious needs of people and the social needs of individuals Spirit by which great souls rise superior to and become and communities rather than seek only to save one's self.

victorious over circumstance. The work in the home mission fields was ably Men look to the Church to cultivate the active mood reviewed by Dr. Wm. R. King, Executive Secre- through which men are inspired to lay the foundations of social life in accord with Christian principles. The tary of the Council. There are now twenty-six Christian Church must not fail it at such a time as this. denominations cooperating and the Council is also It must ever recognize the essential character of religion affiliated with ten interdenominational bodies, -that religion is life and is dependent upon spiritual nineteen State Home Mission Councils, fifteen forces. Current demands upon home mission agencies include State Councils of Churches, forty-five City Church programs that comprehend the whole task of the Church; Federations, and nine cooperative regional com- programs that are extensive and that carry vital religion missions. Cooperation between evangelical agen- along the shifting frontiers of American life-geographi- cies is a great feature of the two Home Mission cal, racial, social. Within one hundred years after the Councils.

close of the Revolutionary War the geographical frontier T~e p.resent trends to which Dr. King called atof America was pushed forward from the Appalachian Mountains almost to the Pacific Coast. It was the task tentIon Include (1) improvement in financial sup- [ 51 ]

port; (2) consolidation and simplification in "Confessional Synod," cannot be foreseen. Up to board organization and administration; (3) in- the present the contributions to the missionary creased cooperation between denominational agen- societies have been well maintained. The threat- cies; (4) new steps toward comity to eliminate ened collapse is due to the restrictions which the overlapping and waste of energy and money; (5) Government, owing to financial circumstances, has greater emphasis on evangelism and the need for imposed on German exchange. The transmission spiritual awakenings, with plans for Gospel of money out of Germany has been greatly re- preaching missions; (6) there are also unfavora- stricted and though the German missionary soci- ble trends toward denominational emphasis due eties have funds at their disposal they are not to a mistaken idea of the need for self-preserva- allowed to send them out of the country excepting tion; (7) anti-religious and anti-denominational as authorized by the Government.

activity; (8) attacks on home missions as an out- The normal expenditures of the German evan- of-date enterprise – due to prejudice or lack of gelical missionary societies on their work abroad information. has been approximately $1,650,000 a year, of The fourfold challenge to the Christians in which about $500,000 was for general missionary American churches was outlined as follows: (1) purposes such as the payment of indigenous work- To realize and make known the great present-day ers, the maintenance of institutions and general need and to employ more effective methods to running expenses, while the remainder covered meet that need; (2) to unify the study and ap- the allowances to German missionaries. It was proach to the problem and the attempts at the hoped that a certain amount (probably less than solution, without interfering with individual ini- half the normal sum required) would be allowed tiative and operation; (3) to put home missions to be transmitted for this latter purpose, since .

to the fore as an inspiring service for Christ and the Government recognizes an obligation towards mankind and a vital part of each church program; its own nationals overseas. The latest informa- (4) a determination to advance in spite of diffi- tion is, however, that the restrictions on exchange culties, to regain lost ground and to evangelize will not permit the sending of even this limited untouched fields and un-Christian areas of life. contribution. In November, only 8,500 marks were The Church must, under the guidance and power available for the total support of German mission- of God, conquer atheism, materialism, and selfish- ary work throughout the world. The German fields ness. Christ alone is able to solve all problems thus receive no money at all from home, or at the but He evidently does not plan to solve them alone. best an insignificant amount. It needs little im- As Head of the Church He calls for the devoted agination to realize the difficulties and distress cooperation of His followers. created by the sudden cutting off of customary The conference this year passed special resolu- supplies from the home base for the churches in tions urging the adoption of the Costigan-Wagner the field. The German societies have appealed to anti-lynching bill; the observance of "Sanctuary the missionary societies in other countries to come Sunday"; approval of the Religion and Welfare to their aid in the attempt to mitigate the dire ef- Recovery Movement, and of the Young People's Spiritual Emphasis Movement. fects of the calamity. The Conference of Missionary Societies in Great The president of the Home Missions Council for the coming year is Dr. E. M. Halliday, of the Britain invited representatives of the German Congregational Church. Mrs. Daniel A. Poling missionary societies to come to London to c~mfer continues to be the efficient president of the Coun- with a subcommittee of its Standing Committee cil of Women for Home Missions. The next an- and with the officers of the International Missionnual Home Missions Conference is to be held in ary Council. The conference took place at Edin- Washington, D. C., early in January, 1936, and burgh House on November 12 and 13, 1934, and will center its attention chiefly on Town and Coun- each of about twenty-five German mission fields try work, and the Rural Fields, which is to be was examined in detail. The result showed that home mission study topic for the year 1937-8. at least $250,000 a year, or half of the amount hitherto transmitted for general missionary pur- A CRISIS IN GERMAN MISSIONS poses, would be required to meet pressing needs. It was assumed that the German societies would The work of German evangelical missions be allowed t; remit in addition at least some part throughout the world is threatened with catas- of the money required for missionary salaries- trophe. The primary cause is not the conflict an assumption which is likely to prove mistaken.

within the German Church, though how that con- Real and urgent as the need is, it is clear that flict may affect the work of the missionary socie- in the present financial straits in which the mis- ties, all of which have identified themselves with sionary societies in all countries find themselves the movement represented by the conservative there is little hope of obtaining from their con-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

stituencies additional contributions to anything tress during a limited period, probably not longer like the amount required. On the other hand, the than the end of next June. The figures given in Church throughout the world cannot stand aside an earlier paragraph are an indication of the exand see the fruits of one hundred years of mission tent of the need. Similar appeals are being made work fall into ruins. in Great Britain and the Scandinavian countries.

A continuance of German missionary work on Some missionary societies outside Germany its former basis is impossible unless the restric- have special links or associations with a particutions on foreign exchange are relaxed. The Ger- lar German mission and consequently may regard man societies, like the missionary societies in it as a special obligation to give help in that quarother countries, though in a still more drastic and ter. There is no reason why special efforts of this abrupt way, may be obliged to reconstruct their nature, while retaining their distinctive character, whole work to meet the altered conditions. But should not be coordinated with a more general efthis task, though it must be taken in hand at once, fort in which the missionary societies in other cannot be carried through in a day. It will have, countries seek collectively to bring aid to the soremoreover, to be undertaken in international con- ly pressed churches established by the German sultation and cooperation. If the German mission- missions. In order to avoid duplication of efforts, ary societies are prevented from supplying either and to provide for cooperation, it is urgently remen or money for their fields, a large and impor- quested that the offices of the International Mistant work, hitherto conducted by a German mis- sionary Council, now at 156 Fifth Avenue, New sion, is threatened with complete collapse, a situa- York, be used as a clearing house of information tion may be created in which some other society and that notice of all funds sent from any source outside Germany working in an adjoining field in North America to any German mission, and may feel under an obligation to come to its aid. the place to which they are sent, should be at once communicated to the same office* In order that these possibilities may be explored, a breathing space is essential. In the A. L. WARNSHUIS. meantime there are needs of extreme urgency to be met. Unless some help is immediately forth- FORWARD IN FOREIGN MISSIONS coming the catastrophe may be complete. Like Napoleon's drummer boy, the foreign mis- The facts were fully reported to the Committee sion leaders of North America "know not how to of Reference and Counsel of the Foreign Missions beat a retreat"-but for a different reason. The Conference of North America and upon the rec- Foreign Missions Conference of North America, ommendation of that Committee, the Conference including some 200 missionaries, executives and on January 3d adopted the following resolutions: other leaders of the United States and Canada, met (January 2 to 4) at Garden City, Long Island, That this Annual Conference commend to the churches in their forty-second annual conference. They and boards an appeal for contributions to an Emergency faced frankly old and new difficulties that con- Fund for immediate relief to German missions and with a front the enterprise at home and abroad-financial view to providing for a period of a few months in which straits; indifference in the churches; opposition plans may be developed for the necessary support of the and regulation by governments in Mexico and foreign missions of the churches in Germany. other lands; Roman Catholic antagonism to evan- gelical work in the Congo; divided forces and at That the Conference entrust this appeal and the Emer- times rival programs among Protestants; weak gency Fund to a special committee with the officers of the national churches; nationalism; materialism, ra- International Missionary Council. tionalism and godless communism. These and other difficulties do not dismay or discourage mis- That we authorize the special committee to seek a con- sionary leaders who are conscious that the forces ference with the German Ambassador to the United States that are for us are greater, far greater, than those to discuss with him the conditions in Germany which have against us. The Christian Church has always led to this regulation, and to learn how we may be of help, faced insuperable difficulties-insuperable to men and to inquire how some plan may be worked out which but not to God. would lessen the burden of our German fellow missionaries. A dark picture of economic and political condi- That this Annual Conference instruct the special com- tions in Europe was painted by Stanley Highmittee to express to the German Missionary Conference Congregational pastor, editor and radio speaker. the sincere sympathy of this Annual Conference and an It was a picture without much light or hope for assurance of its united prayers and such assistance as may be practicable with the hope that effective relief may • Contributions to the German Mission Emergency Fund may be soon be found from the difficult situation in which the Ger- sent to the office of the F'oreign Missions Conference, 156 Fifth man missions are now placed. Avenue, New York, and, in accordance with advice received from the German societies, these will be sent immediately where the need Is These resolutions have been put into effect im- greatest. mediately and an appeal has been sent to all the Foreign Mission Boards in North America to contribute to the proposed Emergency Fund. No definite amount has been fixed for this fund, but the aim is only to provide relief for urgent dis-

he failed to take God and His forces into account. to Christ by word of mouth and by Christlike life The facts, the shadows cast by human selfishness and service. Their appeal was very sympatheti- and sin, cast a gloom over the earth, but we must cally received and was referred to a committee not forget that God can change the whole situa- for further conference and recommendations.

tion over night. Here is manifested a revival of the missionary Dr. Herbert H. Farmer, a professor in Hartford spirit among college-trained youth that led to the Theological Seminary, clearly and cogently pre- formation of the Student Volunteer Movement a sented the brighter side of the picture, calling half century ago.

attention not only to the great need of man but to Other speakers at the conference included Dr. the saving power of God at work in the world. Francis Wei, of China; Dr. J. Oscar Thompson, Dr. Farmer pointed out that the Christian mes- of Canton; Dr. Victor G. Mills, of Montclair, and sage is uniquely adopted to the present age and Dr. Nicol Macnicol, formerly secretary of the that no man has the right to change this divine National Christian Council of India. Dr. Robert message to suit his own view of what will meet P. Wilder, who has given nearly half a century to human need. God speaks to the world through the missionary cause-in India, America, Europe, Christ and He speaks to His Church through the and the Near East-was introduced to the conferworld events that reveal human need.* ence.

One afternoon was spent in considering the Dr. John R. Mott was elected Chairman for the "Next Steps in Missions," but while helpful coming year, and it is proposed to hold the next thoughts were presented there seemed to be no annual meeting from January 8 to 10, 1936, in a clearly-defined program for advance. Dr. Fred place not yet designated. The annual budget F. Goodsell of Boston reported that the American required is $51,000. One of the features of this Board plans to emphasize evangelism-or "The year's meeting was the presence of a larger numexperience of Christ in modern life"; social action ber of younger people than usual, under thirty -or the application of Christianity to present-day years of age, a feature that it is proposed to conproblems; more cooperation in mission work; and tinue. One lack in this year's program was any a financial advance that will endeavor to enlist a effective presentation of concrete, up-to-date facts larger number of givers rather than to secure from the mission fields; the weakness of some larger gifts. Miss Sallie Lou MacKinnon of the discussions of present-day problems 'was the lack Methodist Church, South, convincingly recom- of any adequate suggestions as to their solution. mended that missionaries be given more liberty The Foreign Missions Conference has, in past to work outside of established institutional pro- years, been the means of achieving many valuable grams-as Dr. Stanley Jones is doing in India and results in cooperation at home and abroad, in China and Dr. George Howard in South America. promoting missionary preparation, and in develop- The success of these plans depends on the guidance ing leadership and strength in the churches on the and power of the Spirit of God working in and field. through the missionaries. Dr. Alexander Paul, of the United Christian Missionary Society, rec- CONDITIONS IN SOUTH INDIA ommended that more power and authority be given Gandhi's political influence in India seems to be to National Christian leaders; Dr. S. G. Ziegler, diminishing. Many Indians are criticising the of the United Brethren Mission Board, strongly methods that he has employed. Some are trying advocated seeking to recapture for the Church the to gain results by working for majorities in the vision of the lost condition of the 800,000,000 or conventions. It is evident that the "Self-respect more still unevangelized, whose supreme need is Movement" in the middle classes, has gained for Christ and His salvation. God offers to do for markedly in extent and influence. It is mixed man that man cannot do for himself. Dr. John with Bolshevistic aims and works openly against R. Mott, who has recently returned from South religion. Such circles are openly hostile to Indian and Central Africa and is about to revisit the Far nationalism as it finds expression in Gandhi. East, gave one full evening to the subject of the Wherever he appears they wave the black flags need for further union and cooperation among which are their symbol, in protest against him.

the followers and forces of Christ. Gandhi is also compelled to face the opposition of One of the stirring features of the conference the orthodox- Hindu circles. Many Brahmins are was the personal appeal to the mission boards by enraged because he is fighting for the admission a group of Hartford Seminary students-of varied talents and church affiliations-who are asking to of the "untouchables" to the temples. be sent as a unit to some mission field for pioneer work, without guaranteed salaries, to bear witness All this points to the fact that the Indians can not be helped by mere political agitation. They need the Gospel of Christ, which alone can create • We expect to publish this address in our March number. a new beginning.-Leipzig Mission Report.

CHINESE PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS-LIVING GRADUATES OF CANTON MISSION

A Century of Medical Work in China* By J. OSCAR THOMSON, M.D., Canton Hospital, Canton, China T HE Centennial of the founding of the Canton The Canton Hospital, although it has had to Hospital in 1835 has a peculiar interest for close its doors on three occasions, has survived me. My father was in charge of the hospital many stirring events: Wars and sieges of Canton at the fiftieth anniversary in 1885, the year of my in 1840, 1856, and 1884; the T'ai P'ing rebellion; birth, and wrote a history of the hospital and of the Boxer outbreak of 1900; the Revolution of the Medical Missionary Society in China. At the 1911; the frequent contests of the warlords since. anniversary he read a letter from Dr. Peter and the political typhoon of 1926-28. Our insti- Parker, the founder of the institution and the tution has helped to produce, directly or indirectly, originator of modern medical missions, who many of the constructive movements in the modwrote: ernization of China. It has been an important factor in opening the doors of China. The fourth of November, 1835, was the date of my opening the Ophthalmic Hospital in Canton. To the adorable When we consider the conditions that existed in Saviour Jesus Christ be given the praise and gratitude of China, that walled in nation, in the early nineall the millions who, by the instrumentality of medical teenth century, we have the greatest admiration missionaries in the past, present and future, shall have for the courage and wisdom of the pioneers. Wells become acquainted with His unspeakable and divine char- Williams wrote: acter.

The chairman of the fiftieth anniversary meet- Owing to the increased hostility of the Chinese authoriing, the British Consul General Sir Challoner Ala- ties, the mission at Canton was now more than ever baster, remarked that because of the greatness of cramped and confined in its operations and perplexed bethe object and the importance of the work, others yond measure. The arrival of Dr. Peter Parker from New would be commemorating the one hundredth an- York in 1834 had added to the force an enthusiastic misniversary fifty years hence. sionary of exceptional vigor and ability who by his med- ical training was able to introduce a new factor that has • Substance of an address given at the Medical Missionary Dinner, performed a service of the highest importance between New York, December 14, 1934. Chinese and foreigners by removing their mutual mis- understandings. This was the establishment at Canton [ 55 ]

of a dispensary and hospital for the free treatment of organization which has a Council on Medical Mis- Chinese. sions of which the Chinese president of the Asso- Not only did Parker render a great service in ciation is a member, and which has a Section on "opening up China by his lancet" to missionary Medical Missions at the biennial conferences. work, but he also created in America and Europe What a fine culmination to the work of Parker, much interest in medical missions while the hos- Kerr and other noble men and women who had a pital was closed in 1840 owing to the war. superb vision and a Divine Leader.

The organization of the Medical Missionary So- The hospital compound at Kuk Fau in the centre ciety in China in 1838 is an indication of the eager of Canton, facing the Pearl River, and on the acceptance by the Chinese of the benefits of mod- most important street of the city of Rams, is a ern medicine, surgery in particular, and the in- great medical and missionary centre. It is a terest in medical missions on the part of all classes splendid viewing stand for momentous events.

of foreigners in China, merchants and officials, The daily exodus on the passage boats to all parts as well as missionaries. It was a splendid example of the delta takes place at the hospital gate. De- of a cooperative effort on a wide scale, that is feated and conquering armies pass the front door.

needed again today. It was international, Amer- The "Dare to Dies," wearing union suits of under- ican, British, and Chinese cooperating. It was wear as a uniform, carrying baskets of bombs, interdenominational, Congregationalists, Presby- passed by. Processions of all kinds, political, terians, Wesleyans, Episcopalians, Baptists, Quak- anti-foreign, anti-gambling, anti-opium, colorful ers and other denominations working harmoni- weddings and funerals are seen. Frequent clashes ously together. It was the first organization defi- of armies near or around the compound, with nitely to combine the alleviation of human suffer- rushes of noncombatants up the hospital lane to ing and the extension of Christianity. Its pros- escape the flying bullets. One campaign across pectus envisioned the spreading of scientific medi- the river lasted for a week, the hospital being in cine and Christianity throughout China-medical the centre of the fighting zone, and gunboats par- education, specialization in hospital work and ticipating, at a time when it was impossible to medical research, to benefit mutually the Orient evacuate the patients. Sun Yat-sen's gunboats and Occident. passed repeatedly up and down the river firing on Following the retirement of Dr. Peter Parker the soldiers on the Bund. Wounded from both and the burning of the hospital building which sides were in the hospital simultaneously. We Howqua, the Chinese senior Hong merchant had witnessed the massacre of the defeated· on one provided, Dr. John G. Kerr, a graduate of Jeffer- occasion; the assasination of high officials; fires son Medical College, reestablished the Pok Tsai -eight hundred houses burned on the north bank Hospital ("Hospital of Universal Benevolence") of the river, coming close to the hospital, when at the present site. For forty-four years he did a change of wind blew the sparks across the river great and enduring work. He built up a large and destroyed two hundred dwellings there. An- hospital. He wrote and translated many medical other fire extended for half a mile along the Bund, textbooks, the wood blocks of which were still at in front of the hospital, with a south wind blow- the hospital when I arrived twenty-five years ago. ing the sparks over the premises, and setting fire More than a hundred Chinese physicians were to wharves and passage boats which were left trained during his term of service. They became stranded by the ebb tide. The exploding ammuni- pillars of the church and highly respected leaders tion of the anti-pirate guards prevented the ap- of the medical profession. proach of the firefighters. Then there was the My father was intimate with Dr. Kerr and had great flood of 1915, aggravated by the floating great affection for him. One of the most impor- burning oil. Wrecks and drownings in the river tant events of that period was the organization of' are numerous.

the China Medical Missionary Association in 1887, The Revolution of 1911 introduced a new era of which Dr. Kerr was the first president. This for China, with modern medicine firmly estab- has been an important factor in the building up lished. Changes of government, attended by civil of modern medicine in China. The final and most and feudal wars have followed. Our institution convincing proof of the worth and status of med- has served as a base hospital, receiving the cream ical missions in China was the amalgamation in of the wounded (from a professional viewpoint) 1932 of the China Medical Association and the those with retained bullets or shell fragments or National Medical Association to form the Chinese with wounds of the head, chest or abdomen. The Medical Association, a wonderful example of maintenance of discipline has been an important union between a missionary and a national or- task requiring, for instance, the prevention of a ganization, "a fine instance of friendly interna- revolver fight amongst the bodyguard of a dying tionalism in -science." This is a national medical colonel over the regimental treasure chest. More

A CENTURY OF MEDICAL WORK IN CHiNA

than one hundred serious cases :kave been brought of Dr. Sun's dissatisfaction with conditions exist- to the hospital at one time, requiring the use of ing in China and his new ideas and thoughts were six operating tables. After the institution was developed while in the Canton Hospital and from full to the doors, wounded soldiers with retained there spread throughout China. On the occasion missiles have been brought from military hos- of the 80th anniversary in 1915, the President of pitals to have the foreign bodies removed and China, Lei Yuan Hung, sent a congratulatory tele- were then carried back. Seven pounds weight of gram and a gift of five thousand dollars. At the bullets were removed from wounded soldiers and eighty-fifth anniversary (1920), President Hsu civilians in one year,. Amongst the gunshot Shi Chang wrote a commendatory letter and do- wounds were many unusual cases such as the nated one thousand dollars. To commemorate the Yunnanese officer who was shot through the brain ninetieth anniversary, in appreciation of its serv- one year, and through the heart the next – and ices and to allow for its extension, the Govern- survived. One man, with twenty-six shrapnel ment of China, through the Mayor of Canton, Mr.

bullets distributed throughout his anatomy, Sun Fo, son of Dr. Sun, made a grant to the hos- wanted the removal of those not located in dan- pital of a splendid tract of land chosen by us.

gerous situations! When raising the twelve thousand graves which Gunshot wounds, tumors and vesical calculi are were on the land, some said to be four thousand common conditions. In Guy's Hospital, London, years old, we were reminded of Ezekiel's vision of and at Yale are paintings of many of Parker's the valley of dry bones, accompanied as it was by massive tumor cases; tumors with pedicles, caus- the rejuvenation then taking place in China.

ing neither pain nor disability are stock in trade Had Dr. Sun Yat-sen lived, it is probable that for beggars who are fortunate enough to possess China would have been spared the political ty- them. One man was reluctant to lose his fourteen- phoon in 1926 and 1927, with its communistic, pound parotid tumor of the neck because it served labor, anti-foreign, hypernationalistic and anti- as a comfortable pillow! Ten different "Chung Christian agitation. The events of those years Yees" in turn had guaranteed to cure a man with were varied and interesting. After a blockade of cervical lymphosarcoma. We had to treat him as the hospital for three days by the order of the a charity case and pay his way home after we had communistic labor leaders, because we declined to alleviated his pain by ligating his common carotid surrender the right to control the hospital em- artery. An infant, two days old, fell into a nat- ployees, we closed down the institution and dis- ural sleep while a teratoma, larger than its head, persed the staff and patients. At a conference was removed under local anesthesia, and went with the noncommunistic officials, who did all they home cured. More than four thousand operations could to help us, the editor of the Government's for the removal of vesical calculi have been per- English newspaper said, "Don't give in. You are formed in the Canton Hospital, some of the pa- in the right." Later he printed in full our version tients coming from long distances. A Chinese of the affair written at his request. ·When the living in Baltimore entered the Johns Hopkins storm had blown over we were thanked by Chinese Hospital with a large hernia. When told that he leaders for having resisted the impossible de- required an operation he returned to China to mands of the labor agitators and thus exposing have it done at Poktsai. their ignorance and intolerance. In the records Chinese Appreciation of the chief Russian communist, found after their expUlsion, was the statement, "The Canton Hos- At the seventy-fifth anniversary of the hospi- pital affair was badly managed."

tal's foundation, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, then President It was obvious that a movement which could of China, was present, lauded the work of the in- temporarily wreck such an institution as the Can- stitution where he had commenced the study of ton Hospital, the first benevolent institution in medicine while my father was in charge, and gave China, was artificially inspired, abnormal, un- a donation. Some years later on another visit to healthy and would not be permanent. The three the hospital to see the wounded, we took him to periods, before, during and after the chaotic years the operating room where we were about to com- of 1926 and 1927 were epochal, as different as mence work on the wounded. As we exposed the those prior to, during and following the French seat of injury of the first patient, Dr. Sun as- revolution. An official told me that were it not sumed from its location that the soldier had been for the mission schools and hospitals, little educa- wounded in the back whilst in rapid retreat from tional or medical work would have been done in the battlefield. He grunted, "Shot in the back," China during the past two decades. He also dep- and declined to examine any oether patients. Lay- recated the too rapid devolution of such institu- ing the cornerstone of our new building some tions as tending to lower standards.

months ago the Mayor of Canton said that much At the present time China is definitely discard-

ing its ancient ideas, traditions and customs, as The next meeting of the Chinese Medical Asso- indicated by the "New Life" and similar move- ciation, which is to be held in Canton in the first ments, and is seeking to find a self-respecting week of November, 1935, to commemorate the place in this modern age. The Government was centenary of the introduction of modern medicine anxious to have the Canton Hospital reopened, into China, will take place in the new Canton Hos- but it seemed wise to await the return of more pital building. It is essential that the Mission stable conditions and to avail ourselves of the op- Boards with medical work in China be well repre- portunity to reorganize and plan for another cen- sented in order that wise and coordinate plans tury of work if necessary. The deserted hospital may be prepared for ano~her century of work, if compound resembled a tropical jungle or a buried necessary.

city. It was possible to carry out plans that had We do not talk of "devolution" in Canton, but been maturing for some years. The Canton Hos- of cooperation, with gradually increasing Chinese pital was transferred to Lingnan University, control. The Occident and the Orient, the older which has a strong Chinese Christian Board of and the newer churches, are sharing in a common Directors with foreign representation. President task of establishing the Kingdom of Heaven on Chung told me recently that his chief concern is earth. The Canton Hospital still supplies many that the university shall maintain a strong Chris- converts to the church, many cured and happy patian influence, which he considers to be the chief, tients open doors to the Gospel and form centres if not the only reason for its continued existence. for evangelization. A few days before I left on He also remarked that buildings can be secured furlough a missionary lady visited the hospital and from Chinese sources, but that the needed for- said, "We have an enthusiastic new convert in our eign personnel and its maintenance must be sought church. She says you took away her thyroid from abroad. Some of the Chinese faculty mem- gland without her knowing it or having any pain; bers are the salt of the earth. The brother of a and while in the hospital she heard the Gospel." laundryman in America is one of the best. He is a Ph.D. of an American University and sang What are some of the results of the work? with the Glee Club. Most important of all are changed lives. The Liu family serves as an example. The father, Dr. Liu The next step was to arrange for the affiliation Tak Shaang, was a graduate of our medical school of the Hackett Medical School for Women (Amer- and served on the staff. Later he became college ican Presbyterian Board) to Lingrian University physician at the Canton Christian College (now and Canton Hospital, and to make it coeduca- known as Lingnan University). With the help tional. At the home of the Mayor of Canton, a of the college faculty, Mrs. Liu, after the death of Chinese lady, head of a large government scl,lOol her husband, continued the education of her famand of a hospital, told a "Medical Fact Finder" of ily, all of whom are college graduates. President the Laymen's Commission that the graduates of Hackett are abler, more dependable and have a Chung highly recommends her as a teacher of much finer spirit of service than those of govern- home economics! One daughter is a director of ment medical schools. The Pok Tsai and Yau Lingnan University and in charge of an impor- Tsai medical centres give postgraduate training tant school. She was overheard saying to Mr.

to interns and thus provide the outlying mission Sun Fo, also a Lingnan director, after a meeting hospitals with physicians. of the Board: "My students never had the objec- A new building is now being erected at the Can- tion to the study of the Bible that they have to the ton Hospital, most of the funds for which have compulsory study of your father's (Dr. Sun Yat- come from Chinese sources. In planning the new sen's) textbook, the San Man Chue Yee." A son, building there were many factors to be taken into a graduate of Cornell, is an expert in sericulture consideration: It must be a modern scientific and rural reconstruction and is doing splendid teaching hospital under Christian auspices, in the work for the government and for Lingnan Uni- tropics, with long, hot and humid summers and versity. Another daughter is the energetic and short, humid, cold winters; with the possibility efficient head of the Mission Union Normal School of foreign aggression, international wars, civil and in Canton; a sister is in charge of a large school feudal strife; blockades, strikes, and boycotts; in Macao which, though a Protestant institution, typhoons, fires, floods, and white ants, noise, dirt has the cordial support of the Portuguese Govern- and smoke. It must be an institution that would ment. A y6unger sister is our very attractive have the approval of the twenty or more organiza- young social service director. An interesting case tions-religious, mission and professional-that that she reconstructed was a young beggar woman have an oversight over the work of our staff mem- with a large abdominal tumor that had been grow- bers, also of the Chinese Government and its de- ing for nine years, the supporting factor for her partment of health, and finally of the many com- husband and son. When in desperate condition missions that tour the Orient! she lay down at the hospital gate to die, penniless.

IDOLS FALLING IN CHINA

We admitted her, improved her general condition Association medical missions have become an inand removed the tumor. Well-to-do patients in tegral and permanent part of the medical system the hospital became interested in her and contrib- of China. Where the pioneers had first to attack, uted to her future support. The husband, hearing then later to lead, now as partners, representaof this, tried to get the money, and being refused, tives of the older and younger churches share in was so unpleasant to her that she attempted to the task of reconstruction and harvesting. commit suicide. We frightened the man away, and the woman recovered. Miss Liu taught her fancy Observing several wooden idols floating down sewing and found her a place, ·first in the home the river we asked a passerby the reason. He reof the Moderator of the Church of Christ in China, plied, "We have no use for idols in this enlightin order to test her honesty. A new use for a ened age." Is Christianity or materialism to premoderator! Then she got work for her elsewhere. vail in China? The Moderator of the Church of The former beggar is now a strong, handsome, Christ in China, Rev. Y. S. T'aam, has written, independent, self-respecting woman, supporting "This comes at just the time when there are unherself and her son, and interested in hearing of surpassed opportunities open to the Christian the Great Physician. Church. The Gospel preaching is eagerly listened to." Dr. Stanley Jones, when in Canton, said: There are many other such families. On our "This situation constitutes the greatest evanhospital staff are a number of second and third gelistic opportunity in the world." generation Christians, and individuals whose ancestors served in it. Thoroughly qualified Chinese What is our object? We are earnestly looking graduates of foreign universities are now serving forward to the time when such institution~ as the on the staffs of our mission hospitals, as heads of Hospital of Universal Benevolence will no longer departments and taking their turn leading morn- be needed; to the time when "God shall wipe away ing chapel. A Christian medical profession is be- all tears from their eyes; and there shall be no ing perpetuated and through the Chinese Medical more death, neither sorrow, nor crying, neither shall there be any more pain."

Idols Falling in China -Ell By REV. JAMES P. LEYNSE, Peiping, China I Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. s. A.

I N THOUSANDS of homes in China the idols bership. I have had the privilege of baptizing are falling down. Change has come like a this year men and women, old and young, stu- shock. Ideas and standards have been shuffled dents and illiterate, all changed into new beings in striking fashion. The old religions are totter- by the grace of Jesus Christ and all having dising ruins. The temples are vacated. The control carded idol worship. Members of families were of the older generation has slipped away. The baptized together. Fathers with their grown-up youth is in the lead and seeking new ways. As a sons, mothers with their daughters, side by side result evangelism is experiencing a golden age of with single individuals, first ones of families to opportunities. Everywhere around us a clarion cross the barrier. For instance, Mr. Chang and call for service is sounded. What will take the his grown-up son, who testified that before their place of the idols? Communism or Christianity? conversion they were "like blind men ascending a mountain to view the landscape." And Mrs. Chia No Depres.sion in the Peiping Churches and her daughter, who confessed that "the eyes of their hearts were dead" to spiritual issues until There is a forward movement in the Peiping they met Jesus. Also the mechanic Li and his churches. Weare seeking to win more Christians wife and three children, a splendid volunteer and more faithful ones and the congregations join worker, who works hard so that his children may hands with us in striving to reach our section of be educated and his wife attend a Bible school for this great city. Our churches are putting the em- volunteer leaders. phasis unquestionably upon the spiritual, and therefore there is activity instead of depression. In China it is always exceedingly difficult for The church attendance is growing steadily and members of families to make an individual decismany new converts have been added to the mem- ion to break away from idol worship. But various

candidates for baptism have done so, like Mrs. to cheat the gods," but who now worships in spirit Ho, who as she stated had been "for 45 years a and truth Jesus Christ; or like Mrs. Li and Mrs.

vegetarian to please the Buddha with the Long Kao, who have rented two rooms at the most pop- Eyebrows" and who for years every morning and ular market place for a little Gospel Hall; or Mr.

evening "knelt once, bowed thrice and offered in- Kung, a former opium slave, now a prince in the cense and candles for 30 Buddhistic scriptures to Lord; and Mr. Fu, a business man and pillar of find the way of life." Now she has become a liv- one of our churches; and many others like them.

ing member of the Church of Christ, and an ar- There are also among them those with too much dent Bible reader. It is hard to realize how much unbridled enthusiasm like Sung the fifth who, it cost in sacrifice of self to become a single lamp after his conversion, went home to testify. He in a dark place like Mrs. Hu Li and many others. preached on the streets in his home town, made After her heart was reached she buried her idols, a deep impression, but took the idol of the Buddha but when truly converted she dug them up and with the 1,000 arms and eyes out of the temple burned them. She was the new believer who had and chased the priests away. He was caught by the story of her conversion printed and sent to all the police, beaten till unconscious and put in her relatives and friends with the signature: prison. As a member of a gospel team he is still "Formerly Hu Li, now Mrs. Born-Again." needing our constant guidance. It was also neces- Lighted Pagodas sary to guide wisely the trio consisting of a dyer of blue cloth, a coal shop owner, and a hatter.

All our three city churches are self-supporting, They memorized whole parts of the Bible and went self-governing, and largely self-propagating. The out preaching all over North China carrying neither purse nor scrip and refusing all support. forming of a number of volunteer evangelistic They had many conversions but they gave up their bands has been one of our most fruitful achieve- business, let their wives and children suffer, and ments. Spiritually, our volunteer leaders have came back to our church stranded and lacking in had much capital to invest and their profits are maintenance. therefore large. Bands are preaching in court yards, homes, factories and shops. They are The Hall of Happiness illuminating the neighborhood like lighted pago- Electrically lighted gospel posters on the doors das. As a member testified, they are greatly en- and walls make our two city gospel halls attraccouraged to see that "the Lord responds to man tive places where large crowds gather. There we as quickly as shadow to form or echo to voice." face five evenings a week the five types of Chinese Bible classes, various training classes of two society: weeks' duration, revival meetings, prayer meetings, cottage meetings, systematic home visitation, The scholars, feeling superior to the lower weeks of gate-to-gate preaching, report evenings, order of beings; classes of mass education, and other activities keep the lamps burning and make our large num- The farmers, in town to sell their products, ber of gospel teams a valuable asset in our aim to amazed by a civilization producing loudspeakwin the Chinese by the Chinese. Mr. Sun, of our ers and radios; church, this year bought a small printing press and prints all the tracts used by these volunteer The mechanics, who build and proclaim that bands at cost price. A shopkeeper keeps a bundle next to food, shelter is the only necessity of of tracts in his counter for free distribution. A life; seller of millet puts a tract in each package. Church-member Chao bought tracts and evan-~ The tradesmen weary of a day full of bartering in trying to squeeze the last penny; and The soldiers whose business in China often seems to be to consume what others produce.

gelistic literature worth two months of his salary But also, modestly sitting in a corner, there are and a nurse of our hospital gave 10 % of her in- the women, with dignified old faces or keen young come to the tract fund. ones, countenances with souls behind them, calm, The Chinese we come in contact with outside serene and composed, purged of egotism by living our churches are no longer worshiping idols at the in crowded quarters, the real leaders behind the temples. They are in the grip of a spiritual family thrones. Large colored posters, Biblical hunger. After the storm of change there are lantern slides in Chinese setting, music, singing, pears to gather. Shall Bolshevism reap them? and popular illustrated talks penetrate their The claim to the harvest of China is open to any walled-in hearts new to spiritual issues.

claimant. Our volunteer leaders are taking their Outside the meetings we reach the hitherto un- place. They are of all kinds: like Miss Wang, reached through Bible classes for men and- women, the teacher, who confessed that she used to "spend English night school for business boys and girls, many good coppers to buy sham silver with which day school for poor children, mass educational

classes, clubs for women and girls, and special the electrician, who persuaded his whole family, meetings for children, women, and parents. The including an old mother of 75 years, to throw gospel halls are also the entrance halls to our away their idols.. On Sunday he leads his family churches, a field for clinical experience and self- to the church and almost every evening he stands expression for our volunteer lay-leaders. There at the door of one of the gospel halls welcoming they receive their practical training in soul-win- the people with tracts bought with his own money. ning work. Always a group of them is present to testify, act as ushers, doorkeepers, and distrib- This year these services changed also the opium utor.s of enquirers' cards. After the preaching den of Mr. and Mrs. Chao into a little gospel hall. there is the gathering of enquirers in a side room. For years they had been opium smokers. They Personal things are there semi-publicly discussed, were fairly well-to-do but poor in spirit. It took privacy is rarely sought after and so one, once months of daily care before they found salvation. showing genuine concern about his soul life, has But once reached by Christ they were able to from the very beginning the support of a group break the opium habit without any medical assistof our leaders. ance. Their opium den became a neighborhood house where they preach and live the Gospel to- The work in the gospel halls reveals plainly that gether with Mrs. Chang "the woman with the the Chinese of today are, practically speaking, black soul." She came in contact with Christ at without a religion, without their many gods. They our weekly meetings at the Peiping prison. For are open to leadership, asking for anything that years she had sold opium to the coolie classes and promises to uplift, welcoming any idealism. "I injected morphine Into ricksha boys. Taken to am seeking for something worth while to live for" prison she found there salvation at one of our is a crying need often heard at these after-meet- meetings and has become an ardent and capable ings. These are the days to spread the Gospel in personal worker in one of our street halls. China. The results of this year's work in the gospel halls has been distinctly seen in the grow- The idols are falling and something will have to ing attendance at our churches. Mr. Hsia, a take their place. Russia has already hundreds of young student, who after his conversion kept on Chinese students working as volunteer agents in repeating: "I do not know how to describe my all parts of the country. Humanism of a nonexperience. Everything in and around me is so theistic tendency is already a potent force in the changed, even the leaves of the trees seem changed hearts of many a Chinese youth. If Christ Jesus to a new shade of green." He is an ardent mem- is to be the Saviour of the individual and the reber of a gospel team, disowned by his father, poor generator of present living conditions the Church in earthly goods for Christ's sake, but rich in of Christ in all lands must face the challenge and spirit, winning many young people. And Mr. Kao, spread the Glad Tidings to those who have not yet heard.

OLD CHINESE RELIGIONS LOSING GROUND By DR. FRANCIS CHO-MIN WEI, President of Chunghua College, a Protestant Episcopal Institution, Wuchang, Central China Dr. Wei, who is now in America, recently addressed the students at Yale University, New Haven, on "The Changing China and Christianity." He said: China has to choose what kind of nation she is to be. She is at the cross-roads. Her choosing within our generation will determine her destiny for the next century. And the world cannot be indifferent to her decision. China's most difficult problem is not political. In spite of the startling headlines occasionally 'found in newspapers in America, China is approaching national unification under able leadership. Her problem is not even economic. With peace and order restored, economic development is only a question of time. The West has ready lessons to teach us in this respect, and we are learning.

The problem of the gravest concern to one who looks seriously into the future of China is whether the spiritual forces in the country are sufficiently strong to direct and mold her political and economic development during the next thirty years. The popular religion which used to sway the masses is losing its grip. Taoism and Buddhism have no message for modern China. Confucianism is too closely tied up with the political and social institutions of the past to maintain its hold upon the people under a new economic order. But there is much in its outlook on life, in its ethical ideology, that may still be revitalized. Its conception of the individual as a social being in a network of relationships, each offering a chance for development, its emphasis on the duties of man rather than his rights, what he owes to others in his station of life rather than what he can claim for himself, its tremendous faith in the capacity of man for development and for living together, and its conviction that the universe is a moral order wherein man finds a place for moral lifeall these can be revitalized. But this can only be if Christianity brings to China and her masses the gospel that God is the Father of all men, that He desires them to live together as brothers, and that Jesus of Nazareth shows the way in which that kind of life can be lived.

Years' Growth in

By CLIFFORD M. DRURY, Ph.D., Moscow, Idaho A RECENT issue of the Bulletin of the Na- tians to take up the work dropped by their for- tional Christian Council of China (May eign comrades. More was accomplished under 25, 1934) carries the following statistics the urgent necessities of the time toward turning which reveal a very healthy growth of the Prot- over responsibility to the Chinese Christians tnan estant Christian Church in China during the nine would ordinarily have been accomplished in a years covered by the statistics: ,. decade or more. The persecutions endured by the 1923 1932 native C h r i s t.i an s purified the church and Foreign Missionaries (138 societies) .. 7,663 6,150 strengthened them in the faith. The foreigners Resident stations ………………. . 1,149 1,130 could flee but the native Christians were obliged Ordained Chinese clergy (124 societies) 1,696 1,86"5 Communicant (full) members ……. . 402,539 488,53g to stay and meet the opposition. :Now we are be- Under religious instruction ………. . 292,857 239,655 ginning to see the results of those turbulent years These statistics show an increase in the number -the Christian Church has grown! of ordained Chinese Protestant clergy of 169 and an increase of 86,000 communicants. There is a There was a great spiritual awakening for the decrease of 1,513 foreign missionaries; of 19 Christians in China following the Boxer uprising. resident stations; and of 53,202 of those under The Protestant Church doubled its membership religious instruction. On the whole the report is from 1900 to 1906. By 1907, the communicants very encouraging. The nine years covered have numbered 178,261. By 1923, this number had been some of the most troublesome for Christian been more than doubled again.' As the church missionary work. grew in numbers the ratio of increase decreased. Now during these nine years under review, the In 1926, five missionaries, Roman Catholic as well as Protestant, gave their lives to the cause church grew 21 %. of Christ. Others were taken captive by bandits. Communistic propaganda, with its anti-Christian A very significant development in the foreign teachings, was exceedingly strong in some sec- mission personnel in China is the increase of the tions.. The nationalistic spirit, with its anti-for- number of Americans as compared to the number eign tendencies, was equally strong in other sec- of Britishers. In 1907, there were 1,727 British tions. In both cases the Christian cause was missionaries to 1,304 American. The percentage under suspicion and criticism. was then forty-five to thirty-five, the balance be- ing made up of missionaries from other lands. Just before the Nanking tragedy of March, By 1922, only 18% of the Protestant missionaries 1927, the Protestant missionaries reached the peak of their numerical strength. At that time were British, while 51 % came from the United 8,200 were reported. When Nanking was taken States.

From 1858 to 1914 the ratio of foreign workers to native converts remained at about one to fifty.

by the southern troops, representatives of five na- After 1914 this ratio was changed. The with- tionalities were killed, including one Protestant drawal of missionaries following the Nanking in- missionary and two Roman Catholics. This trag- cident has now brought this ratio to one mission- edy hastened the withdrawal of all foreigners ary for every eighty communicants.

from all parts of the interior. By the summer of The Protestant work is strongest in the mari- 1927, 60 % of the 8,200 missionaries who were in time provinces because it was here that they first China before the Nanking affair, were out of got started, due to the rights to dwell in cert'ain China. Most of these returned to their home- treaty ports. In 1922, seven out of every ten l~nds. From three to five hundred were trans- communicants resided in these provinces, and ferred temporarily to mission stations in Korea, most of these lived in or near the treaty ports Japan, Siam, etc. About 3,000 remained in China, themselves.

many of whom found refuge in such coast cities The outlook for the growth of the Christian as Shanghai. Only about 500 remained in the in- Church is promising for the church is wen terior at their work. This wholesale evacuation equipped with native leadership. The old feeling was on the orders and advice of the consular and that the Christian religion was a "foreign" reli- diplomatic officials who were fearful of compli- gion is dying down. The one great purpose of the cations arising out of the Nanking incident. missionary is to put himself out of business by so One beneficial result of this wholesale evacua- developing the native work as to make the for- tion was the necessity of the Chinese native Chris- eign worker unnecessary.

[62 ]

J. R. SATHE (AT LEFT) AND CONVERTS FROM SETTLEMENT AT

A Robber's Church in India -4§f By H. R. COVENTRY, Baramati, Poona District, India J!t– Missionary of the Australian Churches of Christ Mission, 1916- DOWN the ages strange and varied persons proud Kaikadi who may lead an armed band of have composed the Church which is the highway robbers. These and many more types body of Christ. From the day when the are to be found scattered about this sub-continent dying thief on Calvary was granted pardon and with its 352,000,000 people. The villagers fear Joseph of Arimathea used his newly hewn tomb them and therefore shelter and protect them when for the body of Jesus, the criminal, as well as the the police are hot in pursuit. City dwellers have highly respected, has been attracted to Christ. A had occasion to know of their presence, and travrobber's church is an anomaly but a Christian elers by road or train have been their normal prey. fellowship may contain reformed robbers, vessels These are professional thieves, whose only trade made over into redeemed souls fit for the Master's is robbery. They are proud of their forbears and use. have schooled their children in stories of their A peculiar situation exists in India where large caste heroes. They glory in one who even stole groups or castes of people are hereditary crim- from the Police Superintendent's bungalow or had inals. They are to be found in all the provinces, taken clothes and jewels from the Governor's rail- both among those professing Hinduism and Islam. way train! The form of crime committed by.each They belong to various strata of society, from the caste is decreed by their patron god or goddess. outcaste gypsy to the proud caste man. Their "We are a divine scourge," declared one proud rascality varies from the cringing, petty thief tribesman,"ordained to relieve the avaricious and who steals small articles from the bazaar to the the rich of their unmerited riches. Without us [63 ]

what would you judges do." Those of us who to the American Marathi Mission of the American have been educated in nominally Christian coun- Board. Later the settlement at Hubli was en- tries, know something of the righteous commands trusted to the Society for the Propagation of the of God cannot easily understand the mentality of Gospel, and in 1920 the settlement at Baramati, people who lack any ethical sense such as under- conducted by the Australian Churches of Christ, lies the sixth commandment. was recognized by the Government of Bombay.

What remedies can instil into these tribes the A few years ago the Depressed Class Mission principles of common honesty? Fear of the police undertook the control of the Belgaum settlement and prison does not reform although it may nold and last year, the Servants of India Society joined crime in check. Some agency is needed to reform the ranks by taking over Jalgaon Settlement in the adults and to drag them out of the pit into Khandesh. Many settlements are still under di- which their fathers had fallen. Children must be rect Government control.

given a chance to know some ot~er type of life. Efforts are made to instil into the minds of the The solution of this problem has been attempted youth of these castes right principles of living.

by the establishment of settlements all oyer. India. Education is compulsory for all children up to For the past twenty-five years the Bombay thirteen years of age. Night schools continue the Presidency has intrusted this reformatory work work backed up by Scouting and Guiding, lectures to a Revenue officer for whom a special depart- on temperance and other topics. Trades are ment has been created, first known as the Crim- taught to enable boys to secure better positions, inal Tribes Settlement Department. More recently to wean them from crime, and to prepare them its scope has been enlarged and it is now called to live rightly.

the Backward Class Department. Many of the The Government gives voluntary agencies a free men of these tribes would have been in prison hand in their religious work for the task is after had it not been for these settlements. Not only is all spiritual. We fight against powers of dark- the criminal brought to a settlement, but his wife ness. Sin and evil are rampant. Immorality is or wives and children also. He is given a small often a part of their religious creed and custom plot of land, sometimes a cash advance, and is so that it is difficult to convince such a person of told to build a house of mud bricks and a grass sin.

roof. Settlements are usually located in open Sound religious education naturally finds a spaces outside of towns and a high barbed wire prominent place in Christian activities, but the fence is the only barrier to freedom. In some conscience clause is observed. Any settler object- places even that is absent. They are placed upon ing to Christian teaching may be transferred to a their honor and are told that good behavior frlr Government settlement and attendance at reli- six years will earn them release from the settle- gious classes is voluntary. In the Sholapur set- ment. Another six years on probation makes tlement a pastor and some Bible women are em- them free men once more. Much of the routine ployed in evangelistic work, assisted by the vol- work of the trained staff in each settlement is con- untary service of many Christian members of the nected with the finding of suitable employment staff. With over 4,000 people in the settlement for settlers. They are released during the day- and free colonies there is scope for all their efforts.

light hours to work within a radius of five miles. Fear is the religion of many settlers – fear of The second duty of the staff is to see that all are horrid goblins that fill the night with terrors; fear in the settlement at night. of the evil eye; fear of disease; fear of death.

After a few years of work, the Government de- There is no knowledge of the loving heavenly Fa- cided that if suitable private agencies would vol- ther for the love of God and love for fellowmen unteer to supervise the settlements they might be are new ideas that sink in very slowly.

handed over to them. "A voluntary agency is Since 1917 the Gospel of Christ has been con- actuated by a spirit of zeal and earnestness and stantly preached among the settlers at Sholapur.

by an undoubted religious fervor that cannot be· The usual policy has been to wait until a man has expected in a government department. Its per- been released to a free colony before he is bap- sonnel would not be subject to constant change as tized. This prevents any from asking baptism is the case of a government agency and would from unworthy motives. Character is the only therefore be able to keep in very close association thing that counts towards release from the settle- with the criminal tribes and work up a connection, ment. There have not been a large number of that would be a very great factor for success in converts through the years but the number is their regeneration." growing and they have continued to grow in grace.

In some provinces much of this work has been It has been an uphill road all the way.

undertaken by the Salvation Army. In 1917 the For many years one of the lady workers in the .growing settlement at Sholapur was handed over settlement, Miss E. C. Hoxie, has dreamed of a

A ROBBER'S CHURCH IN INDIA

suitable building where these souls won out of tain many former criminals who are now teachdarkness can worship the true God. She talked ing Sunday school classes, holding office in the of this plan while on furlough and she prayed church, preaching the Gospel! fervently. Some American friends gave money in memory of the Rev. L. H. Gates who lived and The work has not been easy. Social and family boycott have usually resulted from conversion. To have one's own bread thrown to one by an enraged wife, and to be told not to enter one's own door has been the experience of many. Their employ- ers, usually Hindu, have not been sympathetic and have insisted on Sunday work with loss of em- ployment as an alternative. They are not rice Christians. The missions are not feeding them, THE SHOLAPUR SETTLEMENT CHURCH worked long in Sholapur and altogether about – …… $5,000 were contributed. The settlement school children also brought their coppers and gifts in ~~ _.<", …: – "-I _P ~~ " … kind, to help in the building of God's House. The women's sewing class and the other converts took a .. – """.' ,. . . . . . . '"yo ,.. keen interest in the matter and the Christian staff gave a portion of their tithe for the building. A INTERIOR OF THE SHOLAPUR SETTLEMENT CHURCH Bombay architect submitted plans for a house of worship especially designed for India, to cost and many have gone hungry rather than deny Rs 16,000 (about $5,000), and the building was Christ. Carpenters, tailors, masons, clerks, teachopened on February 5, 1933. It is capable of seat- ers, are among the converts. One young man has ing 350 on the floor. taken a Bible School Training course and is now preaching the Gospel to his former caste people At the dedication service the writer was privi- and to the villagers around. These twice-born leged to conduct the first communion service in the men have become new creatures and are living new building and a goodly group of converts was new lives in Jesus Christ. present. At first this building was used only as the settlement chapel, and it has satisfied our spirit of reverence and our desire for quiet and beauty for worship. Plans for the recognition of this group as a church under the United Church of Northern India were consummated on September 10, 1933. The foundation members of the new church number 50, half of them being former criminals. J. R. Sathe, who had worked for many years among these people, was installed as pastor. It was the realization of a dream. The following Sunday fifteen more members were received into fellowship. These ex-criminals and their grownup children exhibit anew the power of the Gospel. Broken earthenware made over by Christ Jesus. Caste and fear are dethroned and Christ is enthroned in their lives. Those dug from a pit, centuries deep, are now rejoicing in free salvation.

The churches at Baramati and Hubli also con-

THE MARQUIS OF LOTHIAN ON THE CHRISTIAN COLLEGES OF INDIA Lord Lothian is a member of the Parliamentary Select Committee to submit to the British Parliament the draft of India's new Constitution. He is a former Undersecretary for India and was Chairman of the Indian Franchise Commission. As Sir Philip Kerr, he was the Pri- vate Secretary to Mr. Lloyd George when Prime Minister. Lord Lothian recently visited the United States in the interests of the Rhodes Trust of which he is the Secretary. He is a great friend of the India Christian colleges, on whose behalf he has been recently very active in Great Britain. At a luncheon in New York, in the interest of Christian colleges in India, the Marquis of Lothian said: .

"In this situation (Le., of internal disunity in India); is there any force comparable to that which can be exercised by the Indian Christian colleges for bridging these interior gulfs and for producing the kind of leader who can lead India toward both unity and freedom in the terrific experiment which is being launched today?

"When I studied the positions occupied by the gradu~tes of the India:Christian colleges in India today, I said, these rejuvenated colleges may be the (me saving factor in the situation.

I believe that in the first responsible ministry in the Province of Madras an the Indian min- isters were products of the Madras Christian College. The total number of students in these Christian colleges is about 14,000. Of that number about 2,000 are Christian, while the majority of students are Moslem or Hindu. The standing of the Christian colleges is high among the Hindus and Moslems because they are able to give the kind of education to their children that they want. There is something about the Christian spirit which they want and which they do not find in the government institutions.

"The central characteristic of modern education in India, as elsewhere, is that it breaks down the ancient religious loyalties and the ancient moral and social customs. Large numbers of the young generation are dr=ifting without any moral foundation for their lives. One of the main reasons why these Hindu: and Moslem parents send their children to Christian colleges is because they feel that some moral foundation is given them that they do not get elsewhere.

"The spirit of Christ shining through tllOse institutions can transform much of young India, and so produce leaders who are immune to or who can surmount the communal feeling, and the appeal to noncooperation and violence, and so act as political cement and give heal- ing wisdom in the difficult days that lie ahead.

"The work that c'an be done by the Indian Christian colleges is not only of value to India but of supreme value to the world. If the Indian experiment fails, if cooperation between Great Britain and India, during the next ten or fifteen difficult years, breaks down, whether through the inability of the BritiS'li"to move fast enough, to put themselves into the shoes of another nation, or whether through the inability of India to settle down to the practical work- ing of the constitution-the result will be further chaos for the world. We cannot afford to see another great section of the human race going into the sort of revolutionary disorder we have witnessed during the last twelve or fifteen years in many parts of the world.

"I feel very deeply that the Indian Christian colleges have an immensely important work to do. They are specially important in the case of women. There has been no more remark- able recent event in India than the development of the women's movement. I can without hesitation say that some of our most active, persistent, and competent witnesses were Indian women. The Christian colleges are training a large proportion of women students in India.

"The Lindsay Commission report gives a new and inspiring picture of the function of missionary education in India. It seeks to bring the students into much greater and closer touch with the real life of India, especially village life. It sets out to strengthen not only the technical equipment but the religious and Christian spirit in the colleges themselves. The Indian Christian colleges are not only doing a work for India, but even more for the whole of humanity."

and Encouragements at

As Seen by Home Mission Executives THE following are interesting answers to two questions sent to home mission executives to obtain their views as to the situation at the beginning of the New Year. The questions were as follows: 1. As you see it, what are some special present-day problems that we face in the Home Mission enterprise? Such problems may relate to finance, changes in policy, difficulties in the field or in the home church.

2. What are some of the encouragements that you note in the home church and in the field?

Such encouragements may relate to improvement in finances, to increase in interest in the home church, to the attitude of the young people, or they may appear in reports from the field as to the progress and outlook. EDITOR.

PRESENT PROBLEMS IN HOME MISSIONS too great. The principal condition required for cooperation is understanding. This will go far to E. GRAHAM WILSON prevent waste and duplication, will correct mis- Executive Secretary, Board of National Missions, takes already made and insure united effort when Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. needed. Most of the religious bodies have agreed The home missionary work in America is fac- to this in theory but when an attempt is made to ing today some serious problems. Among them apply it to normal rather than exceptional situa- are the following: tions, strain is produced. How to obtain effectual 1. The incomes of all Home Mission Boards cooperation is the outstanding problem and is es- have been drastically reduced. This has necessi- sential for "comity." tated the cutting of salaries in many cases below 2. The great multitude of the unchurched prethe subsistence level. Appropriations for schools sent a challenge to the churches. There are large and hospitals have been reduced to a point where groups of foreign-speaking folk who have lost it has not been possible to maintain standards their affection for the church of their fathers and which should prevail. Repairs on Board-owned are wandering unshepherded and without any re- property have necessarily been neglected. l'igious connections. For instance, the evangelical 2. Practically no new work has been opened up bodies, as a rule, have ignored their obligation to during the past few years. The financial condi- share their knowledge and experience with Christ tion has made it impossible to respond to the many with the Jewish people. Industrial workers often urgent calls for service, some of which have a have a deep longing to help make this a better strategic bearing on the future of the whole home world but they have no appreciation of that more missionary task. abundant Life which Jesus Christ promised-not 3. Much remains to be done in the field of com- the abundant life of the economist but the larger Life of the Spirit. Even though we do not all ity. While something has been accomplished, in agree on the means to be used, the duty of min- some sections of the country there is still over- istering to these and other groups is so manifest lapp.ingt·of churPches and. cobm·petitiond bebtwte·en tdhe- that our neglect is a rebuke. n~mma IOns. rogre~s IS. ell~g m~ e, u.m e 3. The desperate conditions in rural areas in mmds of some ~enommatIOnahsm IS more Impor- 'America is reflected in the life of the rural tant than the Kmgdom of God. churches. Their pastors . are facing a terrific FRANK A. SMITH strain in their personal problems and. in their ministry. Two great needs are: first.· a leader- Secretary of Missions in the United States," American Baptist ship that has sufficient support to give the men a Home Mission Society sense of permanence, and second, vision andjn- spiration for the larger parish and for the smaner 1. The magnitude of the home mission problem calls for the united efforts of all Protestant forces. fields. This is one of our major responsibilities. While the differences in doctrine and practice 4. The Home Mission enterprise is affected on must be recognized, the situation demands a every side by social conditions that cannot be united home mission strategy. No church or de- ignored and to which the missionary forces' must nomination is equal to the task singlehanded, and bring a solution. The changing social order can the entire resources of Protestantism are none never accomplish its goal without Christ. In all [ 67]

social problems the basic requirement is spir- 2. Private and public relief, correcting unemitual, for progress that is simply material cannot ployment and lost morale, economic and social malendure. A demonstration of Christian living is adjustments, with their consequent liabilities, deneeded, an exhibit of Christian relations among mand a new appraisal of this phase of our modmen. The church must speak out in matters of ern home missionary task and a clear understandhuman welfare because social justice can never be ing of its relationship to government, state and established by law of man but by the law of God. local relief agencies, in order to increase efficiency as well as to avoid duplication of effort and waste E. D. KOHLSTEDT of resources in an imperative realm of religious responsibility. Executive Secretary of the Board of Home Missions, Methodist Episcopal Church 3. Racial relationship issues in the United States, more acute than elsewhere, challenge The Christian's constant concern is the totality home missionary service, particularly among of individual and collective life. United States American Negroes who, despite a heritage of history is replete with illustration of enriching servitude and unj ustifiable economic and personal services rendered by preachers and missionaries, discriminations, have recorded the' most amazing pioneers of progress and creators of national chapter in the history of racial progress. The ideals. Today functional frontiers, in underprivi- crime of lynching human beings is a form of lawleged and complex areas of life, confront the lessness that still stains the American Flag, sym- Church of Christ with an intensive task that must bol of democratic freedom and fair play. mean an active, cooperative interest in the current economic and social as well as in the purely per- Dr. Edwin Lewis, of Drew University, mentions sonal issues that determine human and national the following incentive to cultivate a genuine paswelfare. sion for sacrificial service to these and other de- veloping life situations that now challenge the An unwholesome industrial and social system Church of Christ: that breeds economic inequities, ignores unjust racial discriminations, tolerates city slum and If Christ could have His way with men, there would be dumping ground residential areas, barters with no industrial oppression, no hopeless little children, no beer barons and liquor lords for the privilege of cheerless old age, no grinding poverty, no fattening of the physical and moral debauchery, winks at salacious few on the toil of the many, no racial hatreds, no armaliterature and indecent film portraitures of the ments, no false standards of judgment as between man worst features of life, cheapens itself by iniquitous and man. Only as the race can make progress in this divorce laws, cannot escape the concern of an direction can there be any hope of the future, and such aroused Christian conscience. Unj ustifiable ex- progress depends entirely upon whether or not the foltremes between poverty and plenty, starvation and lowers of Jesus Christ are willing to leave the eternal fate surfeit, are an anomoly that has no rightful place of their souls in their Lord's hands while they devote themin the scheme of professedly Christian common- selves to making his spirit operative in the world of today. wealth. Modern Home Missions must be concerned with areas of life that challenge the JAMES S. KITTELL resources of a living faith, vitalized by an experimental knowledge of realities in the realm of re- Secretary, Board of Domestic Missions, Reformed Church ligion. in America The work of modern home missionaries in new 1. A financial survey reveals certain weakareas of activity is more impersonal and intricate, nesses as to invested funds. There should be a but not less romantic, urgent or significant to the more careful watch set on mortgages as to the welfare of this nation, than that of our pioneer real estate, not only its value but also as to its preachers. Among the causes that now challenge future. There should be regular renewals with the mental and material resources of American amortization insisted upon, a careful search of Home Missions are: court and tax records, especially to watch liens against the properties which have proved very 1. Distinctive social situations, different from embarrassing of late. Bonds and stocks should early American community life. To make the be passed upon by experts and changes made to Gospel of Jesus Christ a reality to polyglot city increase income and security each year. centers; to cement our Americanization process with the concept of universal brotherhood; to en- Budgets should be made on the basis of a threesure an adequate religious ministry to changing year income avoiding sudden expansion during mountain, rural and urban communities; and to one prosperous _year. A program of expansion cultivate a cooperative Christian ministry to man- should cover a number of years, with the most kind, regardless of traditions and prejudices, is a important points kept at the top and taken up task that requires heroic service. only as finances warrant after a due considera- tion of the future carrying charges. No new work should be undertaken because of the de- mands of ecclesiastical organizations, but only in

PROBLEMS AND ENCOURAGEMENTS AT HOME

harmony with sound judgment. The depression tofore. We are not merely camping until some- has proved that the Lord does not take care of thing better comes along; we are here for busi- presumptuous programs of expansion. ness as long as the Lord wants us here."

2. The field today offers many opportunities The Home Mission boards are facing many which should be considered. There is also the serious problems, but they are determined to rise opportunity for reorganization of the field, espe- up and enter the promised land of opportunity cially in the light of changing rural and city con- and service for Christ who is the nation's only ditions. There should be a wise insistence on hope.

mergers and refusal to carryon a work because FRANK A. SMITH of sentiment only. Through the Home Missions 1. There is ground for encouragement in the Council there is a growing cooperation in the general feeling that the reconstruction of life to- matter of unreached fields and classes, which day, both for the individual and for society, needs promises a more effective work over a wider area. all available spiritual resources, and that the 3. As to missionary personnel we must give Church, as one of the fundamental institutions heed to the training of men gifted for and de- concerned, is making a valuable contribution. The sirous of doing special kinds of work. In the splendid service of our home missionaries who past too many have entered the work with only have assumed burdens far beyond what should general ministerial or educational qualifications. rightfully be required and who have labored cheer- There is need for special insight into and desire fully amid discouragement, furnish one of the to do a particular type of work. All our mission- most splendid chapters in church history.

ary schools should be kept to the simplest kind of 2. The growth of the spirit of cooperation is work, with no large budgets and no showy fadist increasing the love and confidence of different de- departments for advertising purposes, such as nominations in each other. The study of the fields handicraft. by home mission leaders, where different denom- SOME ENCOURAGEMENTS inations are at work, has revealed a statesman- ship and purpose to avoid useless and hurtful E. GRAHAM WILSON competition and serious duplications. This atti- There are elements in the Home Mission situa- tude promises a new day in Home Missions. The tion which give ground for encouragement as we number of projects in which various churches pool their resources is increasingly large. The face the new year. 1. The receipts of most Home Mission Boards development will be slow, too slow to suit the are slightly in excess of last year. We believe we more ardent and critical, but it is so firmly estabhave touched bottom in the matter of decrease in li~b.ed that it will have increasing recognition. financial support. While the increase has been 3. The Home Mission enterprise is of such magsmall, there are some substantial increases in the nitude that no single Christian body is equal to giving of churches and individuals. One board it and our combined resources are not commenreports the largest single legacy in its history. surate with the opportunity. Present social, eco- 2. There is increased evidence that the Prot- nomic, and religious conditions demand a redisestant Church believes in the importance and . tribution of resources, workers, and fields, for value of the home missionary enterprise. Not the need of the hour will not be met by each one only is it conscious of the fact that the present seeking to do his best irrespective of others but church is the result of the home missionary work by recognition of the fact that we are workers toof the past, but it also realizes that unless there gether with each other and workers together with is a missionary program in America today there God. will be no Church of tomorrow. The many under- JAMES S. KITIELL privileged peoples of America appeal to our sym- One has to look closely to discern encourage- pathy and arouse us to a realization that for them ments in Home Mission work today but we are not also Christ died. without them.

3. The courage and devotion of our home mis- 1. The depression has brought the work closer sionaries in these difficult days is a great inspira- to the individual church and has led to a keener tion and a source of encouragement. Salaries of sense of responsibility for the work. The next practically all have been drastically cut; responsi- few years should see the pressing of the fact that bilities have been increased; missionaries have the whole enterprise is based on the church.

oftentimes been asked to make "bricks without 2. There is one change in the situation that we straw," but they have carried on without com- must heed in these times and that is the growing plaint. As one wrote to his board : "We are go- tendency of the Federal Government to take over ing to stay on the job even ,if the board should all relief, to establish old age pensions, unemploy- take away all the allowance they have given here- ment insurance, etc. It seems that the money for

this work will be secured from inheritance taxes. velopment of particular fields. Comity will see to This probably means the diminishing of legacies it that there is no overlapping. "Fewer pieces of as well as the directing of generous minded peo- work, and better," will be the ideal. Such fields ple to material relief as over against the spiritual will be built as are our schools and colleges, on a needs of men. broad and permanent base, with a program as wide as the community and as deep as human ERNEST M. HALLIDAY need. They will be controlled as much as pos- General Secretary, Extension Boards of the Congregational and sible by their several constituencies and will aim Christian Churches; PreSidetlt, Home Missions Council at hearty participation and financial support by The Home Mission situation is big with prom- everybody concerned. The boards have no easy ise. It thrills with the spirit of adventure. money to pass out for half-hearted service to Changes are upon us. The old wells of personal moribund churches, but they have funds with commitment and devotion to duty must be redug which to support enterprises which are vital, for- in all our churches. That is an inspiring task for ward-looking and constructive.

the Home Mission Boards. New ways of preach- It may well be, as was recently suggested by a ing, teaching and applying the Gospel are just distinguished and experienced denominational ahead. A generation of young people is ready for leader, that the consolidated school in rural sec- education in self-expression, social outlook, and tions is pointing the way to the consolidated practical helpfulness. Older folk are at a point church. Instead of sending our missionaries where they have time and inclination to be led on around to little groups in separate churches, why explorations into broad, new fields of culture. should we not send the school buses out on Sun- 1. Cooperative planning within the denomina- days to bring the people in – whole families of tionsand between them is eliminating lost motion them- to a well-equipped and manned central and unnecessary expense. This has a good start church plant, worthy to rank with the central but it still has far to go. Specialized training of rural school? Is not the work of the church as home missionaries deserves emphasis. None but important as that of the school?

the strongest should be chosen. It takes as big a 3. Finances? Yes, they offer a problem hard man, perhaps bigger, to do an effective job in an to handle. Income is 41.7% lower than it was in isolated, lonely parish as in a staunch old church 1929. But the downward curve is leveling itself where the general set of the current is in the di- out. It may even start upward after awhile. The rection of religion. He needs to be rugged in main problem is so to readjust our activities that physique, warm of heart, sturdy in mind, deep they will be thoroughly effective in this new day.

and true of soul. Such men, trained for sel1vice If we can do that, financial support will follow.

and ready to serve, will find opportunity in the home missions of tomorrow. Ten Obstacles to Modern Missions The line of development may be envisioned Dr. Julius Richter, Professor-Emeritus of missions in something like this. First of all will come positiye Berlin University, gives ten difficulties which world-wide cooperation between the· various Mission Boards. missions face to-day: By working together at a common task, the field 1. The financial depression which compels a curtailment of each will be broadened, and fraternal appre- of work.

ciation intensified. Why, for example, should not 2. Loss of prestige to Christianity due to brutalities all our boards come to look to the interdenomina- of the World War. tional bureau of architecture of the Home Missions Council for architectural service? Why 3. Un-Christian and anti-Christian science and tech- nique, the fruits of which are sought by non-Christian peoples.

should not Alaska be regarded as a geographical 4. Competition between Roman Catholic and Protestant unit and organized under a cooperative set-up missions as in the Congo. which all could have a part in supporting? Why 5. New advance of Islam—especially in Africa. should we not work together in what we do for 6. Bolshevistic atheistic communism. Indians and Spanish-speaking folk and immi- 7. Nationalism, especially its "anti-foreign" phase. 8. Increasing restrictions placed upon missionary edu- grants as we now do for farm and cannery mi- cation by non-Christian governments. grants? Why may we not jointly employ special- 9. Immoral lives of many representatives of white rulists in city and rural work who, divorced from administrative responsibilities, will serve all the ing classes at home and abroad. 10. Institutionalism, which absorbs so many people amt so much money and often hampers aggressive evangelism.

boards as expert counsellors? Why should not A mission study program might be built effectively all missionary organizations join forces in the around these points. Were any of them characteristic of first-century missions? Which are a rebuke to our lives, support of "preaching missions" for all the . our methods, our wrong zeal, our improper standards of churches? judgment? What is the true goal of missions?-The Mos- 2. There will be intensified denominational de- lem WO'rld.

Among Italians in

By REV. A. DI DOMENICA, Philadelphia Pastor 01 the Italian Baptist 'Church W HEN Paul wrote his Epistle to the Jewish- a metamorphosis: instead of being the means of Christians of Rome, speaking in general Christianizing the heathens she became heathen- terms of the gentiles as "being filled with ized! Before his "conversion" the Emperor of all unrighteousness, fornication, wickedness, cov- Rome had been the Pontifex Maximus of the etousness, maliciousness; full of envy, murder, heathen religion; when he accepted Christianity debate, deceit, malignity; whisperers, backbiters, that title was retained, but under the mask of the haters of God, despiteful, proud, boasters, in- Christian religion!

ventors of evil things, disobedient to parents, When Constantine removed his seat to Byzan- without understanding, cov- thium and the bishop of Rome enant breakers, without natural was left behind, the Church be- affection, implacable, unmerci- The pre sen t condition gan to lose sight of the altar for ful" (Romans 1: 29-31), he among the four and one half the throne, and the cross for purposely or incidentally al- million Italians in the United the sword! As the Church luded to the moral and spiritual States is described by one of began to a c qui r e political condition of the Italian people their own number as being strength, she lost spiritual as they were chief among the Hmoral and religious chaos." power. In proportion that she gentiles of the world. How- Nominally most of them are enriched herself in secular and ever, when these Italians ac- Catholics; in reality they material things, she impover- cepted Christianity, they be- are materialists. There is, ished herself in spiritual attaincame the light of the world, de- however, a Hsaving remnant" ments. This was illustrated by fying persecution and death for composed of some 25,000 Savonarola w hen he said: the sake of their Master. The aerveanggaethliecraeld iCnh2r4is0tiParnosteswtahnot "There was a time when the churches. The Spirit of God Colosseum in Rome and the is moving in this Hchaos" and Church had wooden cups and catacombs are living monu- golden clergy; but now she has ments of their faith and Chris- is bringing l)ew spiritual life golden cups and woo den tian fortitude. clergy." The same thing was and activity. There is reason observed by Thomas of Aquinas The Christians of Rome were to thank God and take cour~ examples of holiness in the time age, but the solution presents when one day the Pope, who of the sojourn of Paul in Rome. a challenge to the Church of was boasting of the wealth of Writing to the Philippians he Christ in America. the Church, said: "Thomas, speaks of them in high terms: the Church cannot say now: "All the saints salute you, 'silver and gold have I none!' "

chiefly they that are of Cresar's household" (Phi- Aquinas retorted: "Neither can she say: 'Arise lippians 4: 22) . and walk.''' Aquinas knew that the Church had This characteristic which signalized in such a lost her spiritual fiber because of her earthly am- conspicious way the faith of the Christians of bitions.

Rome was handed down from one generation to In proportion as the Church adopted heathen another until the time of Constantine when the practices and beliefs, the Italians became less and Christian religion became a State Religion. We less Christian in their religious thinking and life.

all know the change that took place in the Church They have absolutely no sense of the tragedy of of Jesus Christ from that time on. If in the past sin and the impelling necessity of the new birth the Church had insisted on the new birth as con- as the foundation for a genuine Christian experi- dition for membership, now it begins to receive ence. They have no conception of this funda- into its bosom unregenerated persons. The State mental principle of the Christian religion. It is even compelled soldiers to accept baptism without true that the same catastrophic situation is being conversion and in course of time the Church experienced even among the so-called Christians adopted many heathen practices to satisfy the of Protestant faith and heritage, yet it is more taste of the newcomers. The Church experienced evident among Roman Catholics.

[71 ]

Since the Roman Church adopted so many and when he found little response on the part of heathen doctrines and practices, the religion of the Roman clergy and people, he said: "The the Italians centered itself in outward formalities; Christian conscience is more than half destroyed, devoid of spiritual value. When one goes to Italy and it is only through divine mercy that any por- or visits Italian communities in our large cities in tion remains."

America, and sees the various celebrations in When the Italians immigrated to America they honor of Italian patron saints and madonnas he carried with them their religious heritage mixed is apt erroneously to consider the Italians very de- with superstition, irreligion, indifference and a vout and religious. Christian conscience "more than half destroyed."

When Paul visited Athens "his spirit was On top of this we must add another painful situa- stirred in him when he saw the city wholly given tion little apprehended by our American friends.

to idolatry" (Acts 17: 16), and he did not hesitate Italians did not leave the old world for religious to tell his hearers at Mars' Hill that they were motives as did the Pilgrim fathers. The sons of "extremely religious" with a religion that satis- Italy crossed the ocean for purely economic rea- fied the priests but not the burning soul of Paul. sons and in years gone by we have heard them The same thing can be seen today in Italy and in say: "We did not come to America to bother about Italian communities in America. religion; we came here to make money. When we The Rev. Dr. J. H. Eager, for a number of years go back to Italy, then we'll go to church."

a Baptist missionary in Italy, in his book "Roman- While the Italian immigrants came to America ism in Its Home," quotes Prof. Raffaele Mariano, with the intention of going back to Italy as soon of the University of Naples, who in an address on as their economic situation would warrant it, they "Religious Thought in Italy" said: became attached to American life and decided to establish themselves here permanently. Their With the sacraments reduced to mechanical acts, with marvelous advance in the social, educational and purgatory and pecuniary offerings to free from it, with economic life has astonished every observer and festivals, indulgences, jubilees, pilgrimages, relics, mir- student of the New Americans. But they have acles, adoration of saints and madonnas, Romanism has inoculated in the Christian religion the forms of magical and idolatrous naturalism…… And the worst of all is not been immune from the influence of atheistic that Romanism makes the sacerdotal hierarchy the only propaganda. Agitators are found everywhere and indispensable mediator of the religious and moral life. from the Atlantic to the Pacific, sowing tares of The atonement, repentance, absolution of sin, the efficacy doubts and unbelief among the people of the of the Christ and His benefit, everything centers itself in a monopoly of the hierarchy. From all this we must con- middle class. If this propaganda has not made clude that Romanism is the very opposite of that duty many full-fledged atheists, it has succeeded in which distinguishes the human soul…… This religion may have had its days of glory and usefulness, but it has causing many to drift farther and farther away now become a pure formalism. It has no power over the from any religious influence.

morals of the people; it does not attract or educate or With a background such as Prof. Mariano, edify the masses, but simply holds them under its sway by Father Curci and many others have described, and force of habit, by inert traditionalism, and its ultimate adding to it the condition of the American life as result can only be ignorant credulity in the midst of we have endeavored to portray, the religious life ignorant incredulity. of the Italians in America is far worse than that And yet we must not be too severe on this miserable re- ligious conscience of the Italian people, for when did the of their brethren in Italy. In the midst of this leading classes take the trouble of illuminating and rais- crude reality which describes in contradictory ing it up? It pains me to have to confess it: the religious terms the irreligiosity of the Italians, their supercondition of the upper classes in Italy is much more trou- stition, idolatry and semi-atheism, they would inbled than that of the common people. With a few honor- variably call themselves Roman Catholics should able exceptions, they present to us a large army of minds whose existence is a perpetual moral somnolence; unable they be asked about their religious affiliation. to believe, they have not enough moral strength to dis-·- believe anything seriously. They are Catholics for social When you talk to them about the doctrines of the convenience and opportunism. They boast that they have Roman Church such as the auricular confession, minds strong and free; but whilst they attack religion, purgatory, indulgences, mass, litanies, etc., they they send their children to Jesuit schools. They have no say: "I don't believe in these things, but I was convictions, and laugh at everything; but you see them born a Catholic and I shall die a Catholic …… I on every occasion ordering masses and priestly funerals. don't care to attend the church and support it They desire the priest, but in the solemn moments of life financially, but -I am a Catholic, and I am proud . they throw themselves, body and soul, into the arms of the of it." clergy….. .

Prof. Mariano was not a Protestant, but as a Prof. Archibald McClure, of the University of student and observer of the religious life of the Chicago, in his book "Leadership of the New Italians he was honest enough to say the truth. America," says: Father Curci, a great scholar, had a great de- The startling assertion has been frequently made this sire to translate and publish the New Testament, past winter that 90 per cent of the Italians are without

CONDITIONS AMONG ITALIANS IN AMERICA

the sway of the Roman Catholic Church. Though they priest as being parasite, gnawing worm, bag of coal, selmay still go to church to be baptized, married and buried, fish, and author and bearer of misfortunes . . . this is their sole connection with it. Even this is a matter of social custom rather than conviction. A leading Italian All that is being said by the people in Italy against the priest in New York admitted that at least 50 per cent of hated priest, their most foolish accusations, their most the Italians were without the church, except for baptism, infamous malignity, are repeated in America by the Italmarriage and burial-and that although some 3,000 at- ian people. Very often they salute the priest when he is tended Sunday services in his church on the lower East in front of them, but to his back they say uncomplimen- Side, there were as many more in that neighborhood who tary things against him . . . While we see the Amerdid not do so. . . . .. A father of a very prominent Italian icans, both Protestant and Catholic, respecting their lawyer of New Jersey has been here forty-two years and priests and devoted to their churches, the Italians speak never been in the church; another Italian notary public disparagingly of their priests, saying: "Let them go to in West Virginia, though here fourteen years, never goes work" . . . "I don't intend to support them" . . . "They to the church-just two instances of religious indifference repeat the same thing." . . . . "I . . . go to church?" which might be multipled by the hundreds and the thou- Hence we see that not even five per cent of the Italians sands." attend church.

One Sunday morning I preached on "The Re- This statement is by an Italian priest who ligious Indifference of Galio," one of the twelve knows the religious condition of his people. The Italians mentioned in the New Testament (Acts religious condition of the Italian Catholics in 18: 12-17). I deplored the religious indifference America has not changed for the better during the of our modern Italians who generally go to church past twelve years. The situation of the second on three occasions of their life: christening, mar- and third generations is very perplexing and of riage and burial. At the close of the service a great concern to those who are interested in their young man approached me and said: "Pastor, I welfare. These American-born seem to have given want to thank you for your sermon but I don't up the good traits which their parents imported agree with you when you said that the Italians from Italy, and to have retained the bad ones, go to church on three occasions in their life. In and on the top of this they have absorbed the fact, when they are christened and buried, they worst customs of the American life. The combiare carried there; so they go only once by their nation is not an easy matter with which to deal. own free-wilL" May God inspire and lead us in handling this disturbing situation. Speaking with an intelligent Italian business man on religious matters, and learning that he Now if this is the picture of the religious status did not believe· in the most important doctrines of the Italians in America, what are we going to of Catholicism and did not support his Church in do about it? Shall we imitate the priest and the any way, I pointed out to him that he could not levite of the parable and "pass by on the other be a good Catholic if he rejected practically all si~' or shall we follow the example of the Good her doctrines and dogmas. He answered: Samaritan who proved to be a real neighbor?

"Reverend, when you go to a banquet you don't It is to be regretted that in America there is a eat everything they put before you, but you sim- tendency on the part of some people who say that ply take what you like. So I do with my religious Protestant has no right to disturb the faith of food." "My dear man," I replied, "judging from these Italians and to try to convert them. But what you said you believe, it seems to me, that do they have any real faith to be disturbed? Their you don't take any food at all from your Catholic own priests acknowledge that they have none. banquet; if you don't change cook and dining The objections come from "broad minded" minroom you will soon be starving to death!" isters who have influenced not a few of our Prot- estant pulpits, men who believe that all religions He laughed and said: "Well, what's the differ- are of equal moral value. If all roads lead to ence; religion to me is a secondary matter. I Rome, all roads do not lead to Heaven. There never bother about it. I am a Catholic …… and was no compromise on the part of Jesus Christ this is enough for me." concerning the way of salvation. He did not hesi- tate to disturb the Jews and to tell them they The Rev. P. Pambianco, a priest of an Italian must be converted. Catholic Church of Philadelphia, published an article in L'Opinione, a daily Italian paper of the If Protestantism has no mission in the world same city, on July 20, 1922, in which he says: today then the Reformation of the 16th century was a colossal mistake. But if Protestantism has Our colonies have no consideration for the Italian Cath- a work to do, let us not hesitate to disturb the olic clergy. They still have ferocious prejudices against faith of the Italians and with renewed faith, in the clergy as though the priests were one of the causes Jesus Christ, and with enthusiasm and consecrafor the propaganda which is being waged against the tion let us go forward in preaching the Gospel to Italians who are looked down upon in America . . . the people "who recently came from Italy" (Acts The Italian people have been influenced against the clergy 18: 2). by the well known ring-leaders who have instilled in the people's mind the most foolish prejudices, hatreds, scorns, sarcasms and defamations. Hence utterances against the

Success of Missionary

By ELLSWORTH HUNTINGTON, _.•<tff{ New Haven, Connecticut Department of Social Sciences, Yale University TAKEN as a whole, missionary children ap- in "making themselves useful and valuable mem- pear to be of unusually high character and to bers of society" and in thus becoming "men whose achieve unusual success. This fact was for- achievements render the world a better place in cibly brought out by Dr. Robert E. Speer in an which to live." The method at Harvard was more address at the annual meeting of the American personal, but otherwise was essentially the same.

Eugenics Society in May, 1934. In that address The number of missionaries was small (six at Dr. Speer emphasized the value of the fine train- Yale and two at Harvard), but it is worth noting ing received by missionary children. Another that all of these eight were ranked high, and their factor, however, is likewise important, namely average was notably higher than that of graduates their biological inheritance. From birth onward in any other profession. This rating is confirmed no two individuals are absolutely alike in either by other facts. Dr. Speer, for example, states appearance, intellect, or temperament. "Identi- that thirty-six missionaries from the Presbyterian cal" twins, springing from a single egg, are al- Board alone have been decorated by foreign gov- most exactly alike until diverse environments ernments. Who's Who in America for 1926-27 cause them to differ, but other pairs of brothers contains forty-seven sketches of missionaries and and sisters, even ordinary twins, differ greatly about twenty-seven times as many of clergymen physically, and the mental differences are even who are not missionaries. This means that, in more noticeable. Innumerable experiments make proportion to their numbers, the missionaries are it clear that no known method of training can con- fully as likely to be included in Who's Who as are vert a congenital moron into a genius. On the the clergymen who stay at home. This is in spite other hand, a person born with a fine intellect can of the fact that the missionaries are buried far be trained in many directions. Environment hiay away in foreign countries where there is little turn him into a skillful criminal or a spiritual opportunity for their deeds to become widely leader; but in either role he will excel because of known among Americans. Hence it appears that inborn ability. The unusual success of missionary missionaries as a whole achieve a much higher children apparently is due to the fact that they degree of what is commonly called success than possess unusual innate ability, and therefore can do the clergymen who stay at home.

profit from excellent training. Turning now to the children of missionaries, the But what evidence have we as to the success of three Yale classes studied included six sons of missionary children? In contradiction to the old missionaries, all of whom are engaged in non- sayings as to the black sheep among ministers' missionary professions. These, as well as the sons and deacon's daughters, Dr. Speer has col- actual missionaries, were ranked phenomenally lected many forceful opinions which indicate very high by their classmates, averaging well above the high ability, character and success. While there sons of graduates in any other profession.

is not much statistical evidence to uphold this In another investigation the college careers of favorable opinion, such evidence as we have indi- Yale classes graduating from 1922 to 1926 were cates that missionaries are as a rule highly suc- examined. The members of these classes were cessful and that their children follow in their ranked according to their official records as to steps. A few years ago, Dr. John C. Phillips and scholarship, athletic activity, other extra-cur- the writer cooperated in a study of the success of ricular activities, and earnings. The eighteen college graduates and the relation of success to young men who -were sons of missionaries out- the size of families. He took three classes at ranked the sons of every other profession. Un- Harvard who had been out of college 25 or 30 fortunately it is impossible to pick out all the chil- years, and I took three similar classes at Yale. dren of missionaries in "Who's Who," but some In the case of the Yale graduates, from five to can be identified and the number of sons of mis- nine men in each class graded their classmates on sionaries appears to be out of all proportion to the a scale of one to five according to their success actual number of missionaries. For example, [74 ] among the seventy-one missionaries listed in the sionaries, as in no other profession, the same rig- 1932-33 edition of "Who's Who," at least thirteen, orous selective processes apply to both fathers and including all three of the missionary women in mothers. Selection on both sides of the family the book, are children of missionaries. But among seems to be one of the great secrets of the success missionary children it is not probable that more of missionaries' children. than one in ten or twenty return to the foreign All this means not only that the missionary child field. Even if one in ten go back, missionary chil- is very carefully trained, but that the biological dren are nearly twice as likely to be included in material to which the training is applied is of "Who's Who" as are the children of clergymen in high quality. One member of the great J. P. Morgeneral. Further exact data on this subject are gan banking firm, for example, is the son of a greatly needed, but enough has been said to show missionary, while many others are in equally inthat wherever we have yet been able to test the fluential positions. It is natural for religious matter, the children of missionaries on an average leaders and educators to believe that training is show unusual ability and achieve notable success. the main reason for high character and success.

Let us consider now the reasons for this suc- The world has long believed that if children could cess. Undoubtedly one is the good training which be properly trained in every respect, many of our the children of missionaries receive in their early troubles would end. It seems to be scientifically years. Another and equally important reason is demonstrable, however, that unless we have able that such children are usually endowed with a fine leaders no such training is possible, and the rank biological inheritance. Their parents are selected and file will not make progress. It seems equally very rigorously. The Builders of America, writ- certain that able leaders are born as well as made. ten by Mr. Leon F. Whitney and the present au- Even though our present knowledge of human inthor, calls attention to the fact that the mission- heritance is very imperfect, it is clear that higharies of practically all the more intellectual de- grade parents tend to produce children of high nominations must be well educated, which means grade. In individual cases the children of the that they must have good minds to start with. fine parents may turn out poorly, because every Next they must be deeply religious. Third, they one carries a highly mixed inheritance. Weare must be so altruistic that they are willing to make genuine mongrels because thus far there has been great sacrifices. Fourth, they must have the no satisfactory eugenic program. Nevertheless, pioneering spirit, or the spirit of adventure which repeated investigations demonstrate that if a thoumakes them eager to go to one of the remote parts sand children of high-grade parents are compared of the earth. A fifth type of selection arises from with a thousand children of low-grade parents the the necessity for moral courage, and for the kind forwer type will have a decided advantage. Thereof strength that resists the attractions of life in for'e it is highly desirable that there be relatively America with all its opportunities for fame, large families among missionaries, among whom wealth, and pleasure. The majority of mission- both parents have been chosen through a process aries must be willing to resign themselves to life of strenuous selection. Today among the missionin some lonely corner where no one but God knows aries listed in the 1932-33 edition of "Who's Who," much about their struggles and their successes. the average number of children born in completed Physical as well as moral courage is a sixth qual- families amounts to 3.48 whereas it was 3.71 ten ity which acts as a selective factor. One who is years earlier. The corresponding figures among physically timid, or at least who yields to physical clergymen in America are 3.21 and 3.29, while timidity, rarely goes to a mission field. It takes among all the men in "Who's Who" it was 2.80 the finest kind of courage to proceed quietly with in 1922-23 and among artists only 2.20. The famone's work when a Boxer uprising or the fierce ilies of missionaries have declined appreciably anger of savages endanger one's life. Still an- during the last decade while those of the clergy at other factor in the selection is the fact that only home have changed only a little. Nevertheless, people of good health and sound constitution are the missionary families still remain slightly accepted for the mission field and later ill health larger than the others, and both clergymen and of any member of the family may cause their re- missionaries have more children than are born in turn home. Thus missionaries are selected be- the less altruistic professions. Those who because of intellectual ability, religious earnestness, lieve in the value of religious training, as well as altruism, the spirit of adventure, moral courage, of heredity, see in this a good sign. The world physical courage and good health. But the most has no greater need than that of high-grade chilimportant point of all is that among foreign mis- dren in high-grade homes.

of the Unchurched

By J. CAMPBELL WHITE, LL.D., New York Minister of the Community Center and Training School, West 44th Street United Presbyterian Church p: OFFICIAL resolution, passed at the recent get this truth across to all the children and youth National Convention of the Protestant of the nation by every possible method of ap- Episcopal Church, reads in part: proach? This is the truth and is tremendously "Whereas, millions of unchurched children in worth saying, and as soon as the churches can say this country constitute a major responsibility and it and mean it, a vast change will begin to take an unrivalled missionary opportunity for the place throughout America. Church." It is futile to try to reach all these millions of The resolutions called upon all the bishops, children and youth by anyone method, however clergy and churches "to make every effort to valuable. Doubtless, a genuine awakening of the reach these children through our church schools churches would lead to a great expansion of Sunand other agencies for Christian education." Sim- day school work and to a vast improvement in ilar action was taken by the New York and Kan- its general quality. But many millions of these sas Synods of the United Presbyterian Church and by the United Lutheran Church of America in youth will need to be reached by other methods. their biennial convention. These official actions, One thoughtful man, writing on the subject, says: taken during October of this year, make it clear that there is a real and widespread stirring of "We need practically a new profession created, of conviction on this question of evangelizing the persons who specialize on finding contact with a children and youth of America. The question group of these young people and leading them into was under prayerful discussion as to the need for the knowledge and experience of the truth as it is in Christ." What a chance for a training school for leaders of youth that would be competent to develop such "a new profession" !

a national agency to promote Christian effort For younger children one of the great fields to among unchurched children and youth. be expanded is Bible teaching of public school It is clear that only a powerful, sustained, na- children on released time. In Chattanooga, for tionwide effort can enlist and guide our churches the past twelve years, a committee representing in reaching double the number of children and youth than they are now reaching. No one church all the Protestant churches has selected and emcan solve this problem. It will tax the resources ployed Bible teachers in the public schools. Last of all of our Protestant churches working coop- year 8,758 pupils were taught in 32 different eratively. But by concerted and determined and schools of the city. Their report states that "many divinely guided action on the part of all Christian children have been won to Christ and church memforces it is possible to bring about a radical bership through the Bible classes in the public change in this situation during the next few years. schools. Hundreds of children from homes that Can we not so lay this burden of responsibility are not Christian first learn of Christ in these upon all churches that they shall actually make Christian instruction of youth as general as secu- classes and are led into the Sunday schools." "The lar education? There are thirty-four million chil- children in their Love Offering conducted by the dren of school age (6 to 18) in the United States. Parent-Teachers Association gave $1,243.39 to Only one-half of them are under Christian instruc- the budget, the largest single gift received from tion by either Protestant or Catholic churches. anyone organization." If this can be done in Chattanooga, why can it not be done in 1,000 other cities and towns of America? Millions of children In the meantime, immorality and crime go on might thus be reached with vital Christian inincreasing. Our Attorney General called a con- struction who wf)uld not be reached without this ference on Crime Prevention to meet in Wash- method being used. Have not the Christian ington on December 10th. He says that crime is chu1'ches and Christian parents surrendered ennow costing one billion dollars every month. What tirely too much in failing to provide for biblical can the Christian forces say that is worth saying, education as an essential part of education? An unless it is that Christ alone can cure sin and effective national agency can lead hundreds of crime and that the churches are determined to cities to adopt this plan.

[ 76]

CRITICISMS OF WORK FOR JEWS

The Catholic and Jewish groups in Chattanooga Some constructive ways to help: have been free to provide their own religious instruction for school children electing it, but they 1. Take this need deeply into your heart to pray have never actually supplied it. and work for till the need is actually met. Pray in groups as well as alone. In addition to the above methods, millions of other youth can be reached only by the small group 2. Let your own church leaders and the Intermethod. The right kind of a leader, organizing a denominational Provisional Committee which is club of boys or girls and cultivating them wisely working at this problem know of your interest. for their own development, including the consid- A thousand persons praying and thinking and eration of the deepest problems of life-this plan working together for this object will become irreis probably the chief practical one in the case of sistible. Why not be one of that group? (Please multitudes of youth not reachable by other meth- send your name to the writer at 432 West 44th ods. Almost no youth are beyond reach by this Street, New York City.) method-if the leader is both competent and consecrated. The enlistment and training of an army 3. The strong national agency needed to get of such leaders is a matter of first importance. such a program into operation and carry it for- It is a bigger and more important job than is now ward will require substantial financing. Pray for being done by any university in existence. Who the funds needed and do whatever else you are will provide an adequate training school for pro- moved by the Spirit of God to do to get this parducing reliable guides of youth? Could anything ticular problem solved. conceivable have a larger place in building the new nation and the new world that must be the 4. Tackle where you are the job of reaching desire of all who have been touched by the Spirit unchurched children. If you can get into contact of the Good Shepherd? with even half a dozen of them, it may mean their transformation, to say nothing of what it may mean to you of added joy in living.

Criticisms of Work for Jews By REV. PAUL I. MORENTZ, Philadelphia, Pa. Missionary of the Luthera11 Miss.ion to the I ews • CRITICISM, both by Hebrews and Christians In searching the Scriptures, one cannot find a single trace in regard to what is called "proselytizing" of Judaism being reserved, as it were, for the children of among the Jews, is based on erroneous con- Jacob, or anything that could be construed as being adceptions as to what the Gospel is and what con- verse to bringing other nations within its fold…. It is stitutes Christian mission work among Jews. quite natural that the Jews, while their own lives were threatened by persecution, and when the conversion of a Hebrew Critics Gentile might have brought dire punishment on the whole community, should have refrained from carrying on reli- Who are the Hebrews who criticise Christian gious p~opaganda. Not so, however, in olden times, and mission work among the Jews? Are they Ortho- under cIrcumstances favorable to Jewish missionary activdox Jews who sincerely believe in the Old Testa- ity…. We find at the very beginning of our history the ment Scriptures, in the mission of Israel and in promise given to Abraham that "all the nations of the the coming of the Messiah? earth shall be blessed in thee." His descendants were to be means of spreading this divine blessing among all the In my library is a collection of essays under the nations of the world…. The messages sent by the prophtitle: "The Jewish Library," edited by Rabbi Leo ets, were they not apostolic epistles from those who propa- Jung. Among those essays is one on "The Spread gated the Word of God and the fear of Him to the heathen of Judaism Through the Ages," by the Rev. nations and kings? Haham Moses Gaster, Ph.D., London, England, who says: This much from a very prominent representa- tive of orthodox Jewry. Among the many fallacies affecting the Jews and Judaism, there is none which is so generally accepted and so How about Reformed Judaism which rejects the deeply rooted as that which declares Judaism to be a mere coming of a personal Messiah but which speaks tribal religion, and to have neither the wide outlook nor in most emphatic terms of "the mission of Israel" the ideal expectation of becoming a world religion. . . . (whatever they may mean by that)? In my li- brary is another book called "The Unknown Sanc-

tuary," by Aime Palliere, a French Catholic con- the world for Judaism." (From the Chicago Jew- vert to Judaism, who some years ago toured ish Sentinel of January 23, 1931.) America as a guest lecturer invited by the well- Let Us Carry On known Rabbi Stephen S. Wise. A Foreword to this book, written by Edmond Fleg, a prominent How can we carry on mission work among the representative of Liberal Judaism in France, has Jews? I could not tell you if I would and I would this to say: not tell you if I could. Who am I to tell others how they should win a single soul to Christ, to Reversing the route by which Catholicism had developed say nothing of how to win a nation to Christ? No from primitive Christianity, and primitive Christianity method is right that is not in strict accord with from Judaism, he [Aime Palliere] became step by step the the spirit and teaching of Jesus Christ. Any spiritual contemporary of those great Romans, who, at the method is right that is in strict accord with the time of the coming of Christ, were the proselytes of Israel.

. Almost unconsciously he realized that he had ceased to be spirit of Jesus Christ. My personal method is to a Christian and that he had been conquered by Judaism. seek to educate Jew and Christian. The Christian In this inevitable return journey the new convert seems as must learn what the Jew has and what he does not yet a solitary pilgrim-but this may only seem to be so. have; when we learn that then we must be will- … At last there seems to be a sign that this age-old hope may be realized amid the diverse faiths of the world. ing to give the Jew what he needs – the Gospel, Might not one say that the ancient Messianism of Israel, Jesus himself, and above all, His love. In a counwhich is become the religion of Palliere, is on the way to try like America, where the Gospel has free becoming the religion of humanity? course and where Jews and Christians are in con- Christian Critics stant touch with each other, the Christian should Who are the Christians who criticise mission not leave the work of spreading the Gospel among the Jews to a few converted Jews or professional work among the Jews? Do they accept the Bible, mISSIOnaries. Every church should be a store- Old and New Testament, as the inspired Word of house of Christian knowledge and life for all peo- God? Do they accept Jesus as the Messiah, prom- ple, Jews and Gentiles. Every Christian pastor, ised to Israel and through Israel to the world? indeed every sincere Christian, should be a mis- Do they accept Christianity as a universal reli- sionary to the Jews-not a "proselyter" for his gion that preaches a universal salvation and that particular church or denomination, but a witness answers a universal need? This is the sole basis for Jesus Christ. The Jew must learn that the of mission work among Jews. If the Jew who be- Christian has no other interest except to bring lieves in the Old Testament sees in it a universal Christ to him. Noone wants to force a Jew or mission, is a Christian to see less in his Bible anyone else to be a Christian. No one wants any which has, in addition to Moses and the Prophets, one to give up his race or nationality. No one the New Testament, Jesus and the Apostles? Is wants the Jew to give up anything that is essenthere a single passage in the New Testament that tial to Biblical or national Judaism. All a Chris~ would encourage one to think that the universal tian wants is to enrich the Jew and his religion claim of Christianity excludes the Jew? I heartily by the teachings and life of Jesus Christ, just as recommend to Christians the attitude of men like many thousands of Jews in the past and as many John R. Mott, who is quoted as having said at a thousands of Jews at present are enriched by the meeting of the International Missionary Council: Gospel. When both Jews and Christians learn "Missionary work among the Jews is a duty in that there is no ulterior and unworthy motive spite of all protests." It was refreshing to see back of mission work, that all can only benefit by that when Dr. Mott's remark was termed "ill coming together and contributing to each other, timed" by a Christian (the Rev. Everett R. then criticism will vanish and sincere Jew and Clinchy), a Jewish Rabbi from Chicago, (G. Christian will both be enriched by the Gospel of George Fox), came to Dr. Mott's defense by say- Jesus Christ. ing: "Dr. Mott is simply a good orthodox Chris- tian, who believes with all his might in the words A Missionary's Equipment of his Gospel. And if you turn to Matthew 28: A life yielded to God and controlled by His Spirit.

19-20, you will find what in Christian theology is A restful trust in God for the supply of all needs.

called the 'Great Commission' and which reads: A sympathetic spirit and a willingness to take a lowly 'And Jesus spake: Go ye therefore and teach all place. nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit; teaching Tact in dealing with men and adaptability towards c,ir- cumstances.

Zeal in service and steadfastness in discouragement.

. them to observe whatsoever I have commanded Love for communion with God and for the study of His . you.' . . . I wish we Jews had the faith and the word. loyalty and the zeal of a Dr. Mott. I wish we could muster men who would be willing to conquer Some experience and blessing in the Lord's work at home. A healthy body and a vigorous mind.

-J. Hudson Taylor.

Ways of

I ! crested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~=I================================~I'~ I OUR MISSIONARY EDUCA- local church. The ultimate objects of for "Coaching Days" held in dis- this endeavor is to sow free literature tricts or zones for the benefit of TION KALEIDOSCOPE throughout the churches, swing the prospective teachers in local mis- congregations into line with mission- sion study groups. "Suzuki As your Department Editor ary education plans, promote reading Looks at Japan" is recommended shifts her interdenominational and mission study classes or circles, this year for all adult groups. kaleidoscope, the brightest mis- cooperate with the pastor in his missionary feature in the home sionary plans, use the church calendar The United Brethren are pubchurch is the annual increase in or bulletin, posters, etc., as means to lishing through their Foreign the number of readers and stu- the main end, hold an annual tea in Mission Society a forty-page dents of home and foreign mis- early autumn to present the new books pamphlet entitled "Our Father's sion literature and the variety and outline plans, make use of insti- Family" in which are thirty-five of devices for making this at- tutes and other interdenominational daily readings for devotional tractive. She has an embarass- study groups and to keep before the periods inclusive of family worment of voluminous contribu- members the special privilege of fur- ship, to familiarize the people tions at hand upon the subject nishing funds for the translation of with affairs in the younger and can give only a few bits literature into other languages. The churches on the overseas fields. from here and there. If your mission study department is furnish- A Scripture reading, a prayer plans for Schools of World ing- the money this year for transla- and a three-quarter page of bio- Friendship are already under- tions into Japanese. "Since every ef- graphical mat t e r concerning way, save these suggestions for fort is worth while, discouragement some missionary character is the the next time. But many of shall not lodge with me," concludes the daily assignment. them are timeless and may be Synodical Secretary of Mission Study. used by program builders as well The American Friends Board as study leaders. A Variety of Plans of Missions holds one-day mis- sionary institutes at which the A leaflet of the Women's Mis- Coaching Conferences are be- morning session is devoted to an sionary Society of the United ing used· by Southe~n' Presby- exhibit of map s, pictures, Lutheran Church says: terian churches to aid mission graphs, data, etc., with speakers study leaders to present their furnishing the interpretations. An imperative obligation to make textbooks in the best possible In the afternoon missionary edudisciples of all men rests upon the way. These gatherings are held cation methods, field problems Church. This obligation cannot be "early enough for the teacher to and "ways and means" discusdischarged without widespread and in- make plans for the class but not sions fill the time. Stereopticon telligent sympathy throughout the too early for her to 'cool off' and pictures are shown in the eve- Church. I believe this can be brought lose enthusiasm." The groups ning. about by systematic missionary edu- are so arranged as to minimize cation. The advantages of a small traveling expenses, delegates be- The Reformed Church in the study class are: (1) Its small size ing further instructed, in some United States majors on miswhich permits expression from each cases, to bring their own lunch- sionary ins t r u c t ion in the member. (2) Its series of meetings eons with the hostfi!sS providing Church School. They don't do in close succession, thus securing the only a hot drink. Some synodi- things by halves. One church cumulative effect of impressions. (3) cals, however, allow a fund in writes that every class in its Its demand for serious study. (4) their budgets to cover confer- school took six weeks of study Its atmosphere of discussion which ence costs. Leaders of vision in the fall and six more in the gives life to the class. The gaining and enthusiasm are chosen. spring, alternating bet wee n of information in a class is not an end in itself but should result in inspira- "Leadership of Mission Study home and foreign missions. Ortion which leads to action. The aim Groups" is the name of a course dinarily straight mission study is: To realize the slogan, "One or used by the Methodist Episcopal takes the place of the regular more mission study classes and read- Church, South, pastors and Sunday School lessons for those ing circles in every missionary society other leaders being familiarized periods. Miss Ruth Heinmiller in the United Lutheran Church." with the current study books and writes in Bulletin No. One of the also the principles and methods The system advocated is that of for teaching them, with a view having a synodical mission study sec- to becoming, in turn, instructors retary working through the conferences and on down through confer- [79 ] ence and congregational secretaries to' similar promotional agencies in the

International Council of Reli- flags and decorations matching loved on both sides of the line, gious Education: the countries. With each ex- writes: hibit was a map showing the The men were reluctant at first location of the stations, and from We set up an exhibit on Friday, about taking it, but after they got this were strung ribbons bear- preferably in a gymnasium or some into the study they didn't want to stop. ing the names of the mission- room with high walls. We decorate They have been writing in asking for aries and dates of their terms of the walls with tapestries, maps, picmore information and especially about service. This material was in- tures, etc. We place on long tables our denominational work. The y tensively used in nine successive all the way around a large, square frankly confessed that they did not services inclusive of Sundays room . . . curios representing the know our denomination was carrying and Wednesdays, with a stereop- home life, agriculture, industries, on so much work. A striking result ticon lecture at each meeting. trade, health conditions, religions, etc., of this study is the fact that this China, Ceylon, India, America, of our different mission fields. We church paid the highest amount of its the Near East, Africa, Japan. have one or two missionaries at each denominational apportionment of any and the Philippines were succes- of the tables representing Korea, church in the Classis for the year. sively featured, plays, pageants, And for the third quarter of this year impersonations and an "around- China, India, Africa, Trinidad and (1933-34) they have paid 100 per the-world sup per," cafeteria Home Missions. They explain the cent! style, adding to the lure of the curios and are ready to answer ques- lectures. Churches within a The Protestant E pis cop a l radius of fifty miles were invited tions. Church has set up series of to these excellent meetings. We invite all the public and high reading courses through its Projects helped to make the plan Woman's Auxiliary, following permanent and practical. A school scholars to visit this exhibit the general plan of the Amer- number of the contributing mis- from two to four, the younger chilican Library Association in its sionaries had mentioned articles dren coming from two to three and "Reading with a Purpose." The they needed for their work. In the high school students and adults chief aim is to develop the mis- response, the Women's Associa- from three to four. Then we close sionary reading habit among tion, the Young People's Socie- the exhibit and bring all those old those not attending study classes. ties and three departments of enough into an auditorium to hear an A line of brief booklets called the Sunday school joined forces address on what missions means and "The Today Series" has been to collect materials and funds to what moves us to carryon the work. brought out, for ins tan c e, meet the needs. Surely the per- Then we divide the audience into "Japan Today." It is amazing manent effect of such an effort groups to go with the missionaries how much interesting informa- justified the great amount of tion can be packed into so small energy expended upon it. into class rooms for conversation and a space. The Lenten season is study. We put a small library on the especial mission study pe- In an isolated mountain region riod of the Episcopalians, its six of North Carolina, a woman liv- each field into the corresponding class weeks being intensively used, ing part way up a mountain did rooms so that the missionary is able even to the taking of Lenten and her bit in starting a missionary to tell the people what is available for Birthday Thank-offerings for loan library, as many as twenty- them to read and study. We put a spreading Christ's Kingdom. five books being called for and very large exhibit into the center of the recipients traveling many the big gymnasium which is sur- The Congregational-Christian miles to get the reading matter! Denomination is very zealous in rounded by tables of curios. A group of rural and village After these discussion groups we missionary education. 0 n e churches in New Jersey united church in Emmetsburg, Iowa, their resources for m iss ion usually have a supper to which leadconsented to be one of twelve study over a period of six weeks, ing workers are invited. Sometimes churches in the state to hold ex- with the result that the partici- we have one supper for young peoperimental "World – Friendship pants were very enthusiastic, ple to which everybody is invited. Institutes" which would bring saying they 'had never had a Sometimes over 200 sit down. The the world to the home church. more enjoyable or profitable time general public likes to come in about Letters telling of the proposed than that spent in this coopera- seven o'clock to see the exhibit. Misinstitute were sent to thirty-nine tive endeavor. sionaries are all in charge and the missionaries widely scattered public is always welcome. Then there over the map, asking for letters, And Away Up in Canada is a big mass meeting beginning at maps, pictures and explanations of their work, the local churches In the International Council eight o'clock. We put ads into the meeting the transportation ex- of Religious Education Bulletin paper and secure extra sp.ace for inpense up to a given limit. The previously mentioned an ac- terviews with missionaries and anresponse from some of those ad- count is given of the marked suc- nouncements of Sunday preaching. dressed was a flood of excellent cess attained in Canada by On Sunday, missionaries and secrematerial, even to a choice collec- "World Missionary Conferences taries preach in all the churches in tion of shells. The material was and Missionary Exhibits." Dr. the city and surrounding country. assembled in a series of booths F. C. Stephenson, a man much representative of the various Then on Sunday afternoon there is an fields, the home material in one International Missionary Rally – a room and the foreign in another, wonderful m e e tin g – with short speeches. On Sunday night, there are speakers in city pulpits. In some churches after-meetings are held, but enough missionaries are free to con- duct the exhibit for an hour after church.

On Monday morning we have a meeting with the ministers. . . . We let them tell us all their troubles and try to help them . . . Also on Mon- day morning our missionaries go to the high school and technical schools, giving short addresses and inviting the young people to come to our ex- hibit, so Monday afternoon is usually a very strenuous one. Usually we have a pageant or play put on by the N"oung people Monday night, preceded by a big supper. By Tuesday the

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

workers and ministers are thoroughly 8. Pantomimes during reading of maintains attendance and interaroused. The day is spent in close-up "East Wind, West Wind." est, Rev. William E. Harmon dework with ministers, official board cided that this was not so much members, Sunday school and young 9. Debate on Unemployment Insur- due to irreligion, irreverance or people's leaders, closing with a big ance (following study of "Christ and the death of spiritual impulses supper at night which is well at- the Modern World"). as to the need for giving "old, tended. Then of course we must fol- eternal truths new habiliments low up with correspondence. We have 10. Address by Negro woman on -a refurbishing and sometimes never put on anything else which is "Changing Racial Attitudes." entirely new clothing." On this quite as satisfactory. thesis he established The Reli- 11. By means of posters, charts and gious Motion Picture Founda- One Plan in Detail scrapbooks, class members presented tion, 140 Nassau St., New York a graphic demonstration of the appli- City, whose very comprehensive The following detailed study cation of Christian principles to some catalog may be obtained free. of one School of WorId Friend- phases of the world's life. War and The expense is very slight and ship is timeless in its principles peace were emphasized the most. precludes any profit for the and its pattern may be used with (Given by guild girls.) Foundation save that of spiritany combination of themes or ual dividends. For communities study books. This schedule was 12. Interracial frieRdship program, without facilities, the Foundavaried from year to year but in by junior and primary children, re- tion offers projectors, screens general remained basic: flecting their class study and using and even the service of an oper- Mexican children, with other partici- ator upon application at the 6: 15, an inexpensive supper. pants costumed to represent children nearest distribution bureau, as 6: 45 to 7: 15, song and devotional of other nationalities. follows: period-a study of great hymns for one topic. 13. From the covers of a book large Beacon Films, Inc., 25 West 45th 7: 15 to 8: 10, study classes, lecture enough to conceal them stepped class St., New York City. method used with adults, in the main. members impersonating doctors and 8: 10 to 8: 45, feature period. nurses whose lives of service were re- Holbrook-Smith Production, 33 West A hymn-sing was used last year to corded in one of the study books. Ex- 60th St., New York City. make profitable the pre-supper period hibit of hospital supplies made by while the people were gathering. class, to be sent away through the Pilgrim Press, 14 Beacon St., Bos- White Cross for mission use. ton, Mass. For the regular suppers, the juniors sometimes prepared at- The closing session of the series one Division of Visual Aids, Presbytractive table favors. Leaflets year featured a Friendship Supper. terian Board of Christian Education, furnished by the national board From large upright hearts in the Witherspoon Building, Philadelphia, of the denomination were also center of each table extended red Pa. placed at each plate at table; and cords to flags of different nations set in accordance with the slogan, at the four corners of the table, to Presbyterian Book Store, 234 Mc- "Read! Share!" the literature express the keynote of the function. Allister St., San Francisco, Calif. was supposed to be read between Beautiful booklets indicating the evesessions and passed on to others ning's theme had been made by the Y. M. C. A. Motion Picture Bureau, who had not been present. juniors and were used as place favors. 347 Madison Ave., New York City, or Girls doing Christian Americaniza- Room 1019 South La Salle St., Chi- The feature periods, following tion work and others having foreign cago, Ill. the class sessions, were of spe- friends brought these as guests of cial interest. .Here are a few il- honor, introducing them to the entire The Japanese Tourist Bureau, lustrations: company, the foreigners giving sen- 551 Fifth Ave., New York City, tences of greeting in their own lan- also furnishes for the cost of 1. Five-minute map drill of Baptist guages, translated into English by carriage only a number of reels stations, using electrified maps of the their friend-hostesses. Appropriate of Japanese pictures of general home and foreign countries studied- music of the nationalities was inter- import and good as background three on each-all given by the same spersed. An original pageant on one material. person to ensure unity and compre- of the study books (Torch-Bearers) hensiveness. furnished the climax of the evening. Pass on the Torch 2. For "atmosphere," an exhibit of Expressional Projects furnish one Pass on the torch, pass on the flame, Indian and Chinese art, pictures, items of the most valuable features of each of home settings, etc., arranged by a School of Missions in this church. Remember whence the glory came; guild girl who gives the explanations. Hospital supplies, showers for mission stations under the direction of a And eyes are on you as you run, 3. Responsive readings on "Along "Shower Lady," presentation of gifts the Indian Trail" and "Lanterns in suitable for use among Indians and Beyond the shining of the sun. Their Hands," given by different in- collected in an Indian drum accorddividuals to present a wealth of facts ing to lists of needs previously ascer- Lord Christ, we take the torch from about the two fields being studied. tained from various stations, offering of money gifts for Chinese missions Thee, 4. "Missions Speaks"-a playlet by (dropping this into a Chinese languild girls advertising denominational tern), and such like outlets for inter- We must be true, we must be free, missionary publications. est and emotion aroused by the studies are always arranged. Can you And clean of heart and strong of soul, 5. Talk by college professor on the imagine children trained thus in sucdevelopment of the Middle West along cessive sessions ever saying, "We To bear the glory to its goal. the line of Indian trails. don't believe in missions?" o Lord of life, to Thee we kneel; 6. "Indian Night"-Indian museum The foregoing excerpts were examined under guidance of "atmos- Maker of men, our purpose seal! phere" chairman. taken from contributions sent to this Department from the First We will, for honor of Thy name, 7. Play, "Two Thousand Miles for a Book," by dramatics class. Baptist Church of Galesburg, Pass on the torch, pass on the flame.

Illinois. -Allen Eastman Cross, in The Presbyterian Magazine. Visual Aids Noting the increasing diffi- culty with which the Church The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~~,===–=====~=I~ indifference t 0 ment" is quite in accord with the others, for the re- general subject of p ray e r, moval of bitter- namely "Bear ye one another's burdens and so fulfil the law of ness and e viI Christ" (Gal. 6: 2). The service thoughts fro m is prepared in six main divisions of which the third is "Worship our minds. Through Interpreting the Theme for Life Today" : Almighty God, our LEADER: What would it mean to obey heavenly Fat her, Christ's new commandment in our homes? who didst so love the ASSEMBLY: It would mean that gentle- world as to give Thy ness and courtesy, the will to under- stand, patience and good humor Son to be its light would bless the relationships of husband and wife, parent and child, and life, we would brothers and sisters. Each would share the work of the home, and know the mind of each would share his best gifts of mind and heart for the building of .: ',' our Master concen:- happiness in the home. ing this world of .' …. LEADER: What would it mean to obey Thine. For t his Christ's new commandment in our schools? .'.. -,', . cause we pray in . the words of Thy ASSEMBLY: It would mean that each member of the school community '., ," servant, Paul: "Let could be relied on for school spirit, that gentle manners and careful ." . this mind be in us, consideration for the rights of . .' which was also in others would prevail; and that a desire to fit oneself for service Christ Jesus." Help would replace selfish ambition as the dominant motive in education. . . .. .. us to see the world LEADER: What would it mean to obey as He saw it, to hear Christ's new commandment in the world of business? . " its cry as He heard ASSEMBLY: It would mean that em- ., it, to feel its need as ployers would deal with those who work for them as human beings of He felt it. Give U5 dignity and worth. Equally it would mean that all who are em-· His w 0 rId vision, ployed would give full measure of interest and of energy to the day's His world compas- work, regarding the humblest task as a trust to be fulfilled. sion, His world pur- pose and His wor~d LEADER: What would it mean to obey Christ's new commandment in our yearning. Forgive us community life?

wherein we h a v e ASSEMBLY: It would mean that the resources of the community would tried to keep His be organized for the well-being of all the citizens. Wholesale recrea- world-gospel to our- tion would be provided, temptations to intemperance and vice removed. selves. G ran t us The work of the community would be justly divided, as well as the re- LET TIns' MIND BE IN YOU singleness of pur- sulting gains. It would not be tol- WHICH WAS ALSO IN CHRIST JESUS pose and strength of will to publish the mind of Jesus for our world; and so bless the endeavors The illustration above is given of Thy servants who proclaim His gracious Gospel, that this our world through the courtesy of the may speedily. and surely be His Woman's Missionary Society of world. In His name. Amen. the General Synod, Reformed Church in the United States. ARTHUR V. CASSELMAN.

This society is in process of be- "A New Commandment"

coming the Woman's Missionary The Service of Worship for Society of the Evangelical and Young People to be used on the first Friday in Lent, Mareh 8, Reformed Church, an evidence 1935, the World Day of Prayer that "the mind" of Christ Jesus for Missions, was prepared by Miss Marjorie Trotter of Canfor unity is at work in the hearts ada at the request of the Interand minds of His followers. Board Committee, Woman's Mis- The illustration, symbolizing the sionary Societies of Canada. The theme "A New Commandfamily with the child in the midst, is the cover of a year's calendar of prayers. These prayers ask forgiveness for [ 82]

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

erated that a few should amass for- Blackfeet fro m the CONCERNING ORIENTALS tunes while the many suffered want. Winnebagoes. The i r IN AMERICAN LIFE LEADER: What would it mean to obey Christ's new commandment among homes, the i r lan- the nations? guages, their ways of ASSEMBLY: It would mean that the nations would gladly create inter- living, are not the national forces to regulate the world's trade for the benefit of the same." peoples of the world. It would mean that instead of throwing their 2. "I like to be strength into the race in armaments nations would throw their strength known as an Indian on into the World Court and League of Nations, that these might become the reservation," said effective instruments of world peace. It would mean trying to understand a Chippewa girl in St. the differences between races and peoples and giving each a chance to Paul, "but not in the make its distinctive contribution to- ward the enriching of the common city. If I told my em- life. ployer I was one, he LEADER: What would it mean to obey Christ's new commandment in our would think that I was personal lives? not capable and I ASSEMBLY: It would mean refusing to cherish resentment or bear a should lose my posi- grudge; it would mean looking for the best in other people; it would tion." mean studying and supporting the movements looking toward peace 3. Edward S w i c k and a new society; it would mean asking for God's help from day to (Wintermoon), in re- day in order to show forth the spirit of love in every situation. porting to Indian stu- Price, 2 cents; $1.50 per hundred. Order dents his participation from your denominational headquarters, or 105 East 22d Street, New York City. in the recent Meth- NEWS FLASH FROM odist Episcopal "cov- WALES ered wagon" journey Rev. Watcyn M. Price, of from Boston to Salem, Wrexham, Wales, wrote to the editor expressing his apprecia- Oregon, told of mistion of this Bulletin and reported that "The Presbyterian Church understandings of the of Wales will join with yourselves in the observance of the American I n d ian. World Day of Prayer (March 8)" and that in previous years Sometimes hew a s "wonderful prayer meetings up and down the land have been named "alien"; many held." were surprised that he INDIAN AMERICAN YOUTH spoke English; a boy "TRANSPLANTED" TODAY in New York City re- Haruko and Sabura-from "Rainbow Bridge" What Indian American young fused to shake hands (For junior children's reading, by Florence Crannell Means) people recognize as their own problems: with him "for he be- 1. Haskell student: "We In- lieved me not to be an Indian, DEAR READER: Haruko and dians are not all alike, any more than you white people are. The for he thought all Indians used Saburo are Americans. They Dutch are different from the paint and feathers." Winter- ask, Now that you have prob- Swedes, the Russians from the moon said, "It is the duty of the French. In the same way, the Indian to relate the analysis of ably studied about them in the Dakota Indians are different the characteristics of the Indian books on Japan and about Orienfrom the Chippewas, the Nava- tals in American Life, recently jos from the Cherokees, and the to the so-called Americans so published by the Missionary that they may readily under- Education Movement, what have stand us, that they may heed to you yourself done about it? our call, to our needs in this What has your missionary so- complicated world."

4. Ataloa of Bacone College, ciety done? Are they now for- Muskogee, Oklahoma, in ad- gotten? Or have you as fellow dressing Indian youth, said, citizens written to the President "We need religious leadership, of the U. S. A. expressing your motivated by the teachings of conviction as to the urgent need Christ, that will prove a new to secure new legislation and im- migration quota for Orientals, faith can minister to every comparable to that granted to phase of Indian experience and other new Americans? If you relationship with the same vi- tality as the old religions. . . . But without spiritual guidance, have not done it, please take the training, and unselfish devotion. lead in having your society think, Indian youth will fail in meet- pray, act now "for their sakes"

ing the challenge." and also as an immediate way "Trained leadership is the to do your part to maintain only answer to these problems. This means education where one world peace in the Pacific Area. may learn to 'share a life as well Sincerely yours, as make a living.' " THE EDITOR.

Europe where the lamp of truth once government. Later editions

the lurid tale were published to Principles that Unite Nations burned brightly. It is possible for help the Russian secret police fo- ment anti-Semitic agitation. The Universal Christian Coun- America to cease to be a Christian cil for Life and Work is looked country. . Bernstein's statement was upon by some as a world federa- confirmed by the lawyers for the tion of churches in the making. It is high time for us to awake to Berne plaintiffs who declared The younger churches in the Ori- that "The Protocols" were origent have been represented in our opportunities and responsibilities. inally based on an essay written meetings of the Council, and are in 1864 by Maurice J oly, a expected to form a fifth section We cannot play fast and loose with French author, called "A Diaof the world organization which logue in Hades Between Machinow has four active sections our obligations,and expect to trans- avellie and Montesquieu." made up of Eastern Orthodox, British, Continental and Ameri- mit to the coming generation a virile, -The Litery Digest. can. The Oriental Protestant churches are closely related redemptive Gospel. Every Christian World Wide D. V. B. S, through the International Missionary Council, which has as should pause and ask, What is Amer- Rev. Robert G. Boville, foundconstituent bodies the various er of the Daily Vacation Bible National Christian Councils. ica's testimony to the Christian faith? Schools, reports that during the The fundamental idea of the past year there had been held Universal Christian Council is What is the testimony of the Govern- 3,307 vacation Bible schools in that common service and con- the different countries of the paduct based on Christian prin- ment? of the college? of the church? gan world, having 13,911 teachciples, will draw together even ers, and 173,421 pupils. In the such bodies as theologically dif- of myself? What sacrifices are you United States in 1933 there were fer in some points. The Council 14,829 schools, with a total enhas its head office in Geneva. making for the fulfilment of Christ's rolment of 1,290,460. It was un- der the administration of Mr. Re-thinking Loyalty promise that the time will come when Boville that this movement was started by the New York City The Presbytery of Pittsburgh throughout the whole world "every Mission Society and it has grown has sent out a call "to the task to world-wide proportions. of re-thinking loyalty to Christ knee should bow and every tongue and His Church." Some of its -Watchman-Examiner. pargraphs are the following: should confess that Jesus Christ is NORTH AMERICA It is impossible to escape the im- Lord, to the glory of God the Father. plication that if we are disciples of "Everyman's Offering" Christ we must follow where He leads. "Protocols of Zion" a Fake He goes before us and it is ours to U n de r the leadership of follow. It is not a debatable question The "Protocols of the Elders Charles P. Taft II of Cincinnati whether we shall go where He leads. of Zion," an anti-Semitic book an emergency gift was gathered published in Russia in 1905, by by a committee of Episcopal lay- In recent times the followers of Sergei Nilus, is a fantastic story men, and called "Everyman's Christ seem to have lost the sense of of an alleged Jewish conspiracy Offering." The object was to direction. The chill of the outside to overthrow Christianity and to avert the threatened heavy cut world has come into the church and dominatEY the world. These docu- in missionary appropriations of we have passed the torch of mission- ments have been declared forg- the Protestant E pis c o· p a I ary enthusiasm to other hands. Chris- eries, copied from an old book, Church. Making its appeal to tians confess to the lack of the driving and the Union of Jewish Com- the men of the Church, in eight power of a great passion for the cause munities in Switzerland have months this offering amounted of the Christian faith which alone can brought suit for libel to end for- to $251,000. More than 1,200,- redeem and save our people. The ever the gruesome tale which 000 pieces of literature were lives of Christians are the real ob- has plagued Jews for sixty sent out and thousands of indistacle to the progress of the Gospel in years. viduals were personally solicited. our generation. The "Protocols" were re-pub- Christianity was driven from North lished in London in 1920 under Africa and from parts of Asia and the title "A Jewish Peril" and were discredited in 1921 by Her- man Bernstein. In a booklet called "the History of a Lie," he traces the documents to a novel published in Germany by Her- man Goedische, writing under the pen-name of Sir John Ret- cliffe. An excerpt from this book was published in 1872 un- der the title, "The Jewish C-eme- tery in Prague and the Council of the Representatives of the Twelve Tribes of Israel," which recited the story of bearded J ew- ish elders conspiring, in a ceme- tery, to overthrow Christendom and to set up a Jewish universal [84 ]

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Among the startling f act s only institution of its kind in the LATIN AMERICA brought up by this dragnet was northeastern section of the Unitthat three-fourths of the church ed States. The ex-slave is Dr. Reactions in Mexico membership were making no Walter H. Brooks, pastor of the regular contribution to missions. Nineteenth S t r e e t Baptist Rev. Clarence Neff, of Guad- Church of Washington, D. C. alajara, Mexico, declares that Some observers believe that He entered Lincoln University only a movie camera can portray this movement may take perma- in 1866 when only a few years conditions in that country, so nent form in organized local out of bondage. He is now 83 rap i d I y does the situation groups of mission-minded men. years old, and has been a pastor change. "Far from being a time in Washington for over 50 years. to give up and retire from the -The Christian Advocate. field," says Mr. Neff, "this would A letter from Dr. Brooks to seem to be one of those crises Churches Sold for Debt the president offhe University which challenge the reality and recalled a gift of $500 he had resources of our Christian reli- Dr. F. W. Mueller, superin- received from the Presbyterian gion." tendent of church extension for Board of Education in Pittsthe Methodist Board, reported burgh when he was a student. The Congregational Church at at the annual meeting, Novem- Dr. Brooks wrote further: Hermosillo was taken over by ber 20, that thirty Methodist the Government as a social cenchurches had been sold by the I can never return the favor in ter. Instead of crushing their sheriff during the depression, mere dollars and cents. But today, spirit this seems to spur the and that about 400 others were for the first time in my life, I am able workers on to new endeavor. At in a critical condition. About to draw a check for $1,000 and have Matzatlan, where the clergy are 5,000 of the 20,000 churches of a hundred or two left to my account, put on a quota, a progressive the denomination had debt prob- only a hundred or two, however. program of social action serving lems, he said, and the interest on the community has been pushed. church property debts "exceeds "Peyote Christians" For services the churches join the amount given by the entire together with the Baptists whose church for world service." In Rev. F. C. Patterson, writing pastor has a permit to officiate. each case, Dr. Mueller said, a in the Woman's Missionary Mag- The English Forum and the Inmodest loan would save the day. azine of the deep spiritual need ternational Club are growing of our American Indians, tells concerns. Professional and busi- Anti-Alcohol Education why it is difficult to win "Peyote ness men, both Catholic and Christians." Most of this group Protestant, discuss questions of The 60th anniversary conven- were nominal Christians before general interest in a new Spantion of the W. C. T. U. held in joining the cult; in fact, they ish-speaking group. Cleveland, Ohio, November 10- claim it is a Christi,an church, 15, climaxed in the launching of organized in Oklahoma as "Na- Instituto Colon, a Congregaa five-point, five-year, $500,000 tive American Church." Their tional school, has been unable to program, to culminate in 1939, distinctive characteristic is the meet expenses and has closed the centenary of the birth of use of the narcotic-drug, "pey- but the Colegio Internacional is Frances Willard, and at once to ote" as the Bread in the Holy still functioning. embrace a nation-wide plan of Communion. They hold their education for youth and adults, meetings only when they have a -American Board News. along with unwavering cham- supply of this drug. It keeps pionship of legislation looking them awake for 24 hours, so they Work with Mexican Troops toward the goal of national ab- usually start their meetings on olition of the liquor traffic. Saturday evening and the effect N. W. Taylor is evangelizing of the drug continues through Mexican soldiers who occupy Mrs. Ida B. Wise Smith was the Sabbath. This drug enlarges roadside camps; and has met a reelected national president. the retina of the eye and causes cordial response. Week after The next world's convention will them to see wonde.rful color ef- week this work has gone on. be held in the United States, fects. They think of these color Four regiments have been visprobably in 1937. effects as visions of Christ and ited in their barracks and two claim the drug is the Holy Spirit hundred and seventy-five New Ex-Slave Gives $1,000 revealing the truth to them di- Testaments and 150 Bibles have rectly so that they do not need been sold to soldiers. Many of- With an initial gift of $1,000 to read the Bible. ficers, and between eight and from a former Negro slave, a nine hundred soldiers have taknation-wide movement has been The thing was started by a en a stand for Christ before launched to raise $400,000 for government agent in order to their comrades. the expansion and improvement profit from the sale of the drug. of Lincoln University near Ox- The government is now handi- In one meeting a major gathford, Pa. This is a pioneer liber- capped in legislating against it ered 45 soldiers, their wives and al arts college and theological because the Indians cry "reli- children who drank in every seminary for Negro young men, gious persecution," and all argu- word, and showed much interest founded 80 years ago, and the ment is useless. in the chart explanation of the Gospel. The major, looking up

the references, would occasional- cate Rev. Irven Paul of Chile to London October 2, Prof. Duncan ly say to the company with a such a continent-wide service W. Blair declared that there is nod, "Yes, here it is, just as he u n d e r the auspices of the no more strategic field of evansays." When the invitation was World's Sunday School Associa- gelistic effort than the universigiven one of the first to raise his tion, and it is confidently ex- ties of the world, because stuhand was this major. pected that the way will be clear dents are required to assimilate for the inauguration of this new a constantly growing mass of in'- At Managua, Nicaragua service early this year. formation. Representatives from several universities reported up- In twelve years the Baptist The first national Sunday on the witness borne by the Church at Managua, has in- School Convention ever held in Christian Unions in the univercreased from less than 100 to Colombia is reported a pro- sities. 500, and the Sunday school from nounced succeSf!. It was held in an average attendance of 75 to Bogata and the' attendance was One speaker told of a tour in more than 400. The church has representative. This new I y Hungary, in which he met an igtwo branch Sunday schools. Al- formed organization desires to norance of the Word of God though the members are all very b e com e affiliated with the which is almost incredible, and poor, $12,000 has been contrib- World's Sunday School Associa- of hunger for the Word. He inuted to the work. The church tion. stanced cases of students standis planning to enlarge the chapel ing firmly for Christ, although and has a fund of more than To Evangelize Argentine Jews lonely and suffering dire pover- $5,000 toward a church building. ty. The Hebrew Christian Alli- Miss Mary Mills, Baptist mis- ance of America plans to send The President of the Fellowsionary, writes that 533 boys Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Glass to ship, Dr. T. W. Gilbert, said that and girls are receiving a Chris- inaugurate work among the the movement is the most steadytian education. We have in our 150,000 Jews of Argentina if the ing influence he has known, and employ at Managua eighteen necessary funds are obtained. that its members are character- Nicaraguan teachers of whom There is a great field in Buenos ized by a devotion to the Lord, eight are Christian and four oth- Aires alone, a city of over 2,000,- and strong conservative views, ers are very sympathetic toward 000 people with 90,000 Jews for which result in clear testimony the Gospel. Last spring Don Is- whom little Christian work has and simple faith. Some of the mael Garcia, pastor at Santa ever been, done. ablest men of the day were Ana, who is counted one of the among their ranks. best evangelists in Latin Ameri- -Christian Approach to Jews. ca, conducted services in our -The Christian. church. Nearly every night the Baptistqrowth in Brazil building was crowded, and Fifteen Years in Belgium eighty-five accepted Christ. They Dr. arid Mrs. W. Bagby, are now in the candidates class. Southern Baptist missionaries A review of the work of the A Mr. Hamilton, Moravian mis- in Brazil, have seen the Baptist Belgian Gospel Mission has an sionary, is pastor of a church on Church in that country grow especial interest since the Homethe east coast of Nicaragua from 2 to 50,000 in fifty years. going of its founder, Ralph C. which has a membership of more There are Baptist churches in Norton. Mr. Vansteenberghe, than 800. every state of Brazil; in all, 490 who has been with the mission churches, 1,214 pre a chi n g since its beginning, surveys this -Watchman-Examiner. points, 42,000 members, 718 work for the Sunday School Sunday schools, 226 young peo- Times. Sunday Schools in South ple's unions, 400 women's soci- America eties, two seminaries, two train- In fifteen years the Belgian Gospel ing schools, two colleges, four Mission has grown into a work whose Since the World's Sunday academies, forty-eight primary branches reach from frontier to fron- School Convention in Rio de J a- schools, a publishing house, a tier. 'Through the tents or other neiro, much thought has been home mission boa:r:d with work means the battle line against the force given to the need for a general among the emigrants, Indians, of the enemy has been stretched out worker for religious education and in the far interior, a For- until today we have posts north, south, in the Spanish-speaking coun- eign Mission Board with work in east and west in this land. In all tries of South America. Brazil, Portugal. these places the Gospel is preached which speaks Portuguese, is well regularly, and all exercise their incared for under the leadership – Watchman-Examiner. fluence in a certain radius. Homes of Rodolfo Anders, Secretary of where meetings are now being held the Brazil Council of Religious EUROPE may become in the near future centers Education. Recently the Board of established work; in all, there are of Foreign Missions of the Pres- Inter-Varsity Fellowship 60 points where regular services, are byterian Church, U. S. A., an- on the way. nounced its willingness to allo- At the fourth annual meeting of the Inter-Varsity Fellowship The Mission did not escape the de- of Evangelical Unions, held in pression unscathed. At the beginning of summer no money was available for tent work, but the Lord made pro- vision, and since July 1 both tents have been out, and now at the end of July the French tent is at the end of its second series of meetings, while

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

the Flemish tent is in the middle of thirty-one me m be r s and a reading it, but he continued to its third campaign. We have been do so, in company with some of church membership of 3,000. his friends; the more they read, working in new territory as far as , At the 116th annual meeting the tents are concerned. of the Methodist Board of For- the more they were dissatisfied eign Missions, held at 150 Fifth The 'original church in Brus- with the Church as they found sels decided last year that it Avenue, New York City, Novem- it. Kwasniuk and his friends could be self-supporting, which ber 21,23 attended by nearly a sought out the American preach- hundred per cent of the 115 min- ers in Kolomea, and as a result means voluntary gifts amount- congregations came into being ing to at least $3,300 annually. isterial and lay managers, it was Church Life in Germany voted to unite with the Synod of in both villages. The movement the Methodist Church in Italy, spread with great rapidity, and From the International Chris- which is under the jurisdiction is still spreading. Groups of tian Press, Geneva, we find evi- of the British Methodist Church. evangelical Christians sprang up This merger, when consum- in village after village. In the dence that in Germany the mated, will give Italy a stronger beginnings of a new church life Methodism and strengthen the neighboring town of Stanislau the movement was organized on are to be perceived. The number evangelical forces. of people who have come back -The Christian Advocate. Lutheran lines; in the neighbor- hood of Kolomea it retained a to the Evangelical Church indi- strong Reformed character. One cates that the movement towards Czechoslovakia Church or two Greek Catholic priests the Church has by no means Independent and a number of theological stureached its limit. In Berlin dents identified themselves with alone, in 1933, some 63,815 I?eo- Czechoslovakia c h u r c h e s the movement. Lutheran and pIe j 0 i ned the EvangelIcal ceased last year to receive any Church as compared with 4,272 Reformed branches' have allotted in the preceding year. Similarly, financial aid from the American to each other specific spheres of Board, and thus a connection of labor, to prevent all clashing and the number of communicants sixty-two years was finally sev- competition; their relations are amounted to 259,737, out of a ered. Dr. James L. Barton most cordial. total of 301,975. That wide cir- writes that it was his privilege In Poland the law requires cles of people are ready to take to visit a large number of the that a change of religion can part in parish life is proved by churches in Austria in 1909 in only be made after certain legal a number of facts, among them, company with Dr. John Porter, preliminaries, w h i c h require the deliberate renunciation of whose cordial and sympathetic three months for their accomhome baptism in favor of con- relations with pastors and lead- plishment. The cost including gregational baptism w h i c h that of securing from the priest ers was evident everywhere. He seems to be taking place to an was manifestly honored and a birth-certificate, amounts to increasing extent. Another cus- loved by all who knew him; he tom which had largely gone out had the happy faculty of giving about five American dollars, about one month's wages for a of use, according to which a be- able and constructive assistance peasant. Children between the to the evangelical movement trothed couple is present at the without seeming to dominate. ages of six and fourteen may not service at which their banns are change their faith, even though published, is be i n g resumed Dr. Porter celebrated his sev- their parents do so, but must entieth birthday last May. Leadmore and more. With the pres- continue to receive in the schools ers throughout the entire field religious education from the ence of the betrothed couple in joined in urging him, when his the midst of the interceding con- Church to which they have pregregation, the publication of active service came to an end, to viously belonged. In spite of banns has regained its earlier remain with them as long as he these facts some 4,000 persons lives. -Missionary Herald. have officially made the transfer church significance. In order to bring the pastor into closer con- to the Reformed Church, and about the same number to the tact with his congregation, an Revival in Poland Lutherans. -Rev. W. T. Elmslie, Leeds, order has been enacted in Thiir- Reference has been made to ingen relating to pastoral visits. the revival among Ukrainian Eng. peasants of southern Pol~nd. It has become the duty of the Nine years ago some AmerIcan Soviet Children Ukrainian Protestant preachers pastor to make at least ten house held services in Kolomea. The Differences in the mental outvisits during the week, and to enter them in a special book.

Italian Methodists Reorganize news came to a village some ten look of children in France and miles away where was a peasant, of those reared under a commu- Methodist work in Italy, after Roman Kwasniuk, during the nist regime were shown in the sixty-two years, is to be reor- war a prisoner in Siberia. There answers to questionnaires ad- ganized in view of the cha!l~ed he had learned to read the Bible, dressed to both French and Sovpolitical situation and the rIsmg which he brought back with him iet children from 11 to 15 years tides of Italian nationalism. to his native village. He was of age and from families of Italy Annual Conference has discouraged by the priest from widely varying circumstances.

A question on what was their U n i a t Christians. Between From Spanish Guinea ideal in life brought from Cairo and the Mediterranean, French children such answers among 6,000,000 people, there Rev. Joseph McNeill, an as: "To be rich"; "To have a are only about 2,000 Christians. American Presbyterian missionbicycle"; "To travel"; "to be an Many social and educational readmiral"; "To read books with forms are being promoted in ary, writes from Rio Benito, of happy endings." Soviet young- Egypt, but there are powerful missionary triumphs and dissters gave such answers as: "To elements which view with appre- couragements. During a comoverthrow capitalism and build hension any weakening of the socialism" ; "To be like Voro- traditional Moslem position and munion season he summoned the shiloff [Defense Minister]" ; prestige. -Moslem World. twelve catechists and said: "I "To study to be outstanding in am going to write to friends in sport." Egyptian Women in Public . America who have helped us The question, "What do you Life with gifts. Tell me what was know about God?" brought from French children views ranging Many women of Egypt stepped done with some of them." from pantheism to the opinion from their homes into public life He was a bearded old man who during the first years following One reported: "At Christmas had perhaps died. Soviet chil- the World War, according to dren unfaltering declared that Madame Khayat, of Cairo, who we gave a feast and fed 70 peo- God was an invention of priests. is in touch with many young ple. Some marveled when we women through her program of Both Soviet and French chil- social work in Cairo. She points gave preference to widows and dren exhibited a low opinion of out that with only fifteen years orphans. We told of the wonthe League of Nations, some of emancipation Egyptian wom- French boys considering it a so- en have reached the front ranks derfullove of Christ that softens ciety of old gentlemen trying to of public and professional en- us toward the needy." prevent war, and Soviet lads re- deavor without having the long garding it as a weak organiza- years of work in schools, fac- "And I," said another, "I tion that "merely talks while we tories and business, which wombuild socialism." Asked what en of the western world experi- found a poor, sick woman with they would do if head of the enced before they were able to no one to care for her and gave Soviet State, Russian children's break into higher fields. answers were such as: "Develop her a cloth. She said, '0 my the waste parts of the Soviet -Yo W. C. A. News. friend, that chicken you used to Union and improve living condi- see running around my yard tions"; "Build new houses and Ethiopia's Forward Look finish the subway"; "Destroy died; I have nothing to give you class distinctions." The Psalmist's pro ph e c y, "Ethiopia shall soon stretch out in return for this.' " -New York Times. her hands unto God," now printed on Abyssinia's corona- "There is a poor albino woman AFRICA tion postage stamps, seems in process of fulfilment. Fifteen in my town," said another. "She Egypt's Recent Progress missionaries have been commis- wanted to come to communion sioned by the Bible Churchmen's Egypt is not yet emancipated Missionary Society, some of service and had nothing to wear. religiously, and constant dis- whom have already settled in So I gave the dress to her, and putes arise on the question of Abyssinia. Schools are opening, what do you think? She came, liberty of conscience and teach- printing presses are at work, ing. There are over 400 mis- contact with the outside world is but had no money for the consionaries and nearly 30 societies established, the circulation of tribution, so offered to give the in the country. Forty per cent Scripture in the modern lanof the missionary force is in guage of Ethiopia is going for- dress for the Lord's work. The Cairo, but there are some 300 ward. Ras Kassa, trusted coun- pastor felt she needed that dress centers of work. Much evangel- cilor of the Emperor, has asked and now she is trying to find ism has been carried on among the Society to supply physicians the Copts since 1859, and a very and teachers for a center which something from her garden to large part of the Protestant is being built seventy miles north meet her pledge." Church is built up from among of the capital; and the Governor them~ In 1927 out of the popu- of Chercher has opened the way Mr. McNeill tersely sums up lation of 13,000,000 there were for work among the Islamized the advances of the year: nearly a million Coptic Chris- Abyssinians east of the capital. tians, 66,000 Protestants and A Year Ago Today 117,000 Roman Catholics and -So S. Times. Slow transportation ……. .A Ford truck. No church in the interior •.Mengo Church or· ganized. No trained native workers ..One native pastor, four t r a i ned Catechists. No village schools ……….One station school and twelve vii· lage schools. Lethargy of Beach Churches .Five outposts sup- ported. Okak barriers ………….Fifteen Okak con· verts.

Clouds Still Looming Heavy Catholic opposition ………Greatly increased. Scant white personnel ……Doctor and teacher still lacking.

In Madagascar Members and adherents' of the church founded by the L. M. S. in Madagascar number 250,- 000, the next largest total being that in India where the figure is 188,000. There are 747 Sunday schools on the island, with 38,-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

000 children attending them. The scorpion's nest in Izmir, the the work of the churches has Training in Sunday s c h 001 American college, is closed. The build- been put on the project basis, methods is included in the the- ing in which the priests' black spirit each enterprise being obliged to ological seminary at Tananarive, had permeated is now overcome by the commend itself to the judgment the capital. red color of the Turkish culture. The of a mixed group of appraisers year before last the American college before funds are allocated. In the Betsileo Pro v inc e, at Sivas had been closed. Can a scorwhere there has been a center pion's nest exist in the place where the Kennedy Memorial Hospital of the L. M. S. for over 60 years, Ghazi had opened his congress for the in Tripoli for the first time last there are six central stations, liberation of Turkey? Is it certain year received an income equal to 259 outstations, and about 45,- that during the coming school year expenditures. T his released 000 people ass 0 cia ted with many of the foreign schools in Istan- most of its appropriation for the churches as members or adher- bul and the Tarsus college will be development of pioneer medical ents. Here, also, is a small the- closed? Those parents who send their work in another section. It is ological school. The vernacular children to such schools will suffer for hoped that this condition may press of the island is almost en- their crime. Izmir is silenced. Tarsus continue. tirely Christian. closes its accounts at the new year. In its report sent to America, the col- Another advance is the in- -The Chronicle.· lege states that unless help is sent, it creasing opportunity for young cannot continue for more than four Christians to express their new WESTERN ASIA months. Istanbul colleges do their life in voluntary service to their best in the way of propaganda, to own people. This is furthered Turkey Bans Clerical Garb catch in their net the ignorant, to get by the changed status of women. money. But it is all vain. Sooner or Girls from the Junior College Mustafa Kemal's government later they'll have to lock their doors, have for three successive sumin Turkey has been conducting a and put a signboard on the buildings mers gone into villages where determined campaign to break that they are for rent. . . . the people are living in unbethe power of the Mohammedan lievable ignorance, poverty and priesthood. Its resistance has See how happy the Turkish child is disease; have camped near the led to a series of repressive at Izmir. See! the winds blow over village and entered into its life; measures, one being a decree the place where the school used to be. have gathered the children, forbidding ministers to appear Come, 0 Turkish youth! Make your teaching them cleanliness, hyin public in cleric attire. Civil- vow that all foreign schools in Istan- giene and religion. ian clothes must be worn on all bul shall sell their goods at auction occasians except when actually and all the "doctors," "madams," -Women and Missions. attending religious ceremonies. "messieurs" and the "soeurs" shall The decision applies alike to the take their passports and go to the land Forward Looking Persia Moslem, Orthodox, Armenian, of Hottentots. Catholic, Protestant and Jewish September 25, 1934, the Shah clergy. Church of the Martyrs of Persia issued a decree sup- pressing the wearing of veils by Two Mosques Become Cultural This church in Aleppo cele- Persian women. The action is Centers brated its third anniversary Sep- similar to that taken by Mus- tember 23. It has been self- tapha Kemal in dec r e e in g A decline in Mohammedan supporting from its start. The greater freedom for Turkish worship in Turkey is indicated congregation meets in the outer women. This will mean little to by the transformation of the an- court of a home which contains the young school girls who have cient mosque, Aya Sophia in no room large enough for it. In never worn a veil. One of the Ista~bul, into a museum for summer, it shifts from one side leaders of what might be called Byzantine art. The Sultan Ah- to the other to keep in the shade, the feminist movement in Persia met mosque, situated in the same and in winter lowers a curtain has frequently said : "We are square, will be transformed into to keep out the cold. working for the lifting of the a public library. The first was, veil of ignorance and superstifor more than 900 years, the The church committee is a tion. The removal of the chudgreatest Christian Church on typical group of Armenians who dar is of no great importance." earth, and for 480 years the have made good, though heavily greatest Mohammedan mosque handicapped as strangers in a Other laws have been enacted on earth. The latter mosque was strange land. In the group is a within the past two years giving considered the most beautiful pedlar, a hardware merchant, an women more protection and one in the world. editor, a doctor, a pharmacist greater freedom. The age of and one woman member. marriage has been raised; di- -United Presbyterian. vorce laws now give women -Missionary Herald. equal rights with men; before Turkish Irony marrying an additional wife, the Growth of Syria Missions husband must inform all the The Turkish periodical, Bir- women concerned. Women have lik, thus expresses satisfaction Among significant develop- entered business and governover the closing of an American ments in Syria two stand out; ment positions. In addition the Christian College: one is the accomplishment of self-support on the part of two Presbyterian medical institu- tions, the Hamlin Memorial San- atorium and the Kennedy Me- morial Hospital; and the long stride toward self-support on the part of the Syrian Church. All

"Red Lion and Sun" (Red friends and neighbors waiting heard of occurrence, as caste Cross), there are a number of for his death that they might conversions have been rare inother societies, one for fallen take him to the cemetery. When deed. Short courses of study women; others educational, in- he rallied somewhat, and they have been offered these converts, cluding two schools for adult left, she sent word that as her and their response shows the women and a reading room. friends would not permit a keen interest they have in learn- Christian funeral after his death, ing the real meaning of their de- -Women and Missions. would it not be possible to have cision. the funeral before he died. The Persian Medical Advances request was so earnestly desired Conversion of 8,078 people in that it was impossible to refuse. one week was the result of Evan- Leaders in Persia are "sold" Following the prayer meeting a gelistic Week in May, when on modern therapy, and are group of Christians crowded 2,693 villages were visited by planning many things; among into the little room where he lay Christian evangelists, 3,674 servthem, the construction of many dying and the sentences and ices were held, and 12,000 peonew hospitals. None of these Scripture portions recommended ple took part in witnessing to approaches in magnitude or for use at funerals were read. Christ. magnificence the group of new It was surprising how fitting buildings now completed at and helpful these verses were to Christians in the d i 0 c e s e Meshed. A tho usa n d men the situation, and while the com- raised 12,000 rupees toward seworked daily, rushing this task mitment service was not read, curing an assistant bishop, and to completion in time for dedica- the remainder of it was com- toward a new cathedral. In the tion of the buildings by His Maj- pleted without the slightest sense Council there was no thought of esty Reza Shah Pahlavi at his of impropriety. curtailing the work, or even a visit in the autumn. With its mention of it, although some 300 Iron beds, its own electric INDIA salary cuts were made. lighting plant, its steam heating system, this array of twelve or A Grievance Removed -The Living Church. fourteen beautiful buildings stands in sharpest contrast to A long-standing grievance of Wanless Tuberculosis the old buildings of this same Christian converts has been that Sanitorium hospital twenty years ago-then in the public courts and records dark and ill-kept, without any villagers of the backward classes The Wanless Tuberculosis modern features whatever. who had been converted to Sanitorium at Miraj, which has Christianity were still entered been functioning since 1931, was The Sacred Shrine possesses as bhangis and chamars. The formally opened October 24. great wealth, poured into its Indian Christian Association coffers by successive waves of brought the matter to the atten- "How was the Sanitorium pilgrims through hundreds of tion of Sir Malcolm Hailey, Gov- built in these days of depresyears. Its resources are now ernor of the United Provinces of sion?" is a question frequently being utilized by the present Agra and Oudh, with the result asked. Miraj Hospital bought progressive ruler of Persia for that all officials have been in- the land, 105 acres; friends the support of modern schools, structed to record those who from Bombay Presidency subthe work for lepers, this new have been converted to Chris- scribed liberally, and wealthy hospital plant, and other projects tianity as Christians. This ac- people have given large donafor the benefit and relief of the tion on the part of the Govern- tions. During 1933, Rs. 15,000 pilgrims, and the 2,000,000 peo- ment is greatly appreciated by were received from a Hindu ple of Khorasan. That pioneer Christians of the backward Bombay broker for a new x"ray; Christian hospitals have been a classes, and also by those who and Rs. 50,000 from a Jain major factor in stimulating this are working for and among Trust Fund for new buildings. medical advance throughout Per- them. -The Indian Witness. The former came as the result sia there can be no doubt. of a promise made to Dr. Wan- Three Years in Dornakal less in 1930; the latter through His Own Funeral the influence of a patient who Encouraging reports were re- was connected with the Trust A Christian convert in Persia, vealed at the Dornakal Diocesan Fund. During the past year whose faith had sustained him Council which met October 4. there has been added to the Sanithrough his long and hopeless Since the last meeting of the torium one new general ward, a illness, faced the end with per- Council three years ago, 35,494 guest house, a clinical building fect confidence. Some days be- new Christian converts have housing the new X-ray, an operfore his death, his wife, a Mos- been baptized in the diocese of ating room, clinical laboratory lem, came asking that they Dornakal. Last year nearly and examining rooms, a 15 H. P. might have a Christian funeral, 1,000 Sudras were converted engine and building to house the to which assent was gladly given. and baptized, hitherto an un- same, six new cottages contain- But when the end drew near she ing eight beds and an endowsaw the yard filling with Moslem ment of Rs. 10,000. The goal is 125 beds. -Dnyanodaya.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Javanese Converts at Delhi New Life in Siam "When we arrived in China pon Four Javanese young men, in- There has been a year of prog- ~ there was not a single mile of ress in Prae, Siam. The Presby- railroad operating anywhere in terested .in Scout work, were terian Church in that city has the land. Railroads are now members of a party which set launched out, with faith, on a measured by thousands of miles out on a world tour from Java plan of complete self-support. and include several trunk lines, to study education and political They have promised to support with others planned or under questions. They were Moham- their pastor and carryon all construction; well-built motor medans, but in Delhi they came their activities without any help roads are being opened almost in touch with Christ through from America. An ordained every month, bus service is be- servants of His in the Scout man from southern Siam, who is ing extended and airplane routes Movement, and in the missions. now resident in Prae, has given have been opened. Flour was After earnest study they pro- much time in volunteer service, ground by cow power and the fessed conversion, and were bap- and through special meetings product quite unprotected from tized in the Free Church at a and intensive evangelistic ef- dust raised by the animal's feet beautiful and memorable serv- fort under the power of the as it pursued its weary circuit. ice. They then decided to re- Holy Spirit, has been instru- Splendid flour mills with the turn to Java, to join with one of mental in bringing many to most up-to-date machinery are the missions there and become Christ. In all the churches, ex- now turning out daily hundreds grounded in the faith. cept the small group at Ban of sacks of good flour; and fac- Moon, a number of acceSSIOns tories of every sort produce the -London Missionary Herald. have been recorded each com- necessary supplies which until a munion Sunday. Quite a num- few years ago came from other Fresh Egg Association ber of old-time Christians who lands. had "said goo d – bye to the Among the experiments in Church," as the Siamese express "Forty years ago, outside misrural reconstruction, the Fresh it, have returned, renewed their sion schools, the only textbooks Egg Association is one spon- allegiance to Christ and asked to in use were over a thousand sored by the Baptist Mission at be restored. years old and there were no. re- Pyinmana. It has made a steady vised editions. Now there IS a growth. Each member has to Rev. Puang Akapin, evan- national educational s y s tern give eight annas to belong to the gelist at Pitsanuloke, has dedi- which provides schools for all Association and is given a num- cated his life 100 per cent to ages from early childhood to maber which he can place on the Christian service, without re- ture manhood, and they are open eggs to identify them. The mem- muneration from any organized to boys and girls on an equal bers are given the first oppor- body. His wife, a very capable footing. tunity to sell their eggs to the woman, has started a business mission, and are given the first in Prae which they hope will care "Undoubtedly there is a growchance to buy purebred cocks. for their family. Since he came ing sense of the need of a more The Association is now collecting he has inspired the group in the vital religious life than any of about 3,000 eggs a week and its city with the desire for a more the old cults ever produced, and activities are employing five fully consecrated life in Christ. the fact that many of the Agriculture School graduates. scholars of the land have pro- Last March two village poultry The hospital has pas sed vided themselves with copies of shows were conducted. through one of its best years the Word of God is cause for since the time when there was a great encouragement and thank- June 9, 1934, eleven Christian resident missionary physician. fulness."

men organized the Pyinmana In- The doctors from McCormick Once Buddhist-Now dustrial Cooperative Bank, Ltd., Hospital in Chiengmai have Evangelist with shares of Rs. 50 each to made regular monthly visits and finance poultry far min g in have generally found more work Each morning at Hengchow Yamethin and Toungoo districts, than they could do. Presbyterian Hospital, all em- and in Taungdwingyi subdi- -Siam Outlook. ployees who can spare the time, all patients able to walk and any VISIOn. Two Cooperative Poul- CH,INA friends who so desire attend try Societies were also organized ~ at Shwemyo and Lewe. Each chapel, by invitation, not commember puts in Rs. 5 a year un- Forty Years in Review pulsion. A Chinese evangelist, til he pays Rs. 25 for half a share in the Society. In case the So- On the eve of his retirement Mr. Dzu, who was a Buddhist ciety becomes liable for debts after forty years of service orator and strong anti-Christian which it cannot otherwise meet, under the Presbyterian Board the member may be called upon in China, Dr. J. E. Shoemaker speaker before his conversion, to pay the remaining Rs. 25. reviews some of the changes like the Apostle Paul, is now which have come under his ob- -Burma Baptist Bulletin. servation. just as ardent a worker for Christ. He is in charge of chapel services, leads once or twice a week and gets other

speakers at other times. Here orders to the village of Laomu- Building at Ginling College, there is not the difficulty in tell- teng that all Christian services, Nanking, were held in connecing, as in America, who is and even in the homes of the peo- tion with the Nineteenth Annual who is not a Christian, as non- ple, must be discontinued. The Founders' Day in November, Christians do not have the out- converts are, therefore, now 1934. This marked the compleward conformity to Christian meeting in the forest, or going tion of the academic quadrangle standards and Christian back- by a roundabout road to one of of Ginling College as planned ground. Mr. Dzu knows the psy- the other villages on Sundays. and financially provided for in chology of his people. Chris- Another village has been or- 1921-23. In a joint campaign tianity is never forced on pa- dered by the official to burn all for seven colleges in the Orient tients, but a few words are Christian books. Two chapels, a total of $3,000,000 was raised, spoken, a Scripture passage left besides the one at Laomuteng of which Ginling's share was with those who read and in a previously mentioned, have been $600,000. few days he makes it a point to completely destroyed. Several During the nineteen years of have a long talk with those who of the other chapels have been Ginling's history the student enshow interest. Not a few of the partially destroyed. rolment has grown from nine to patients leave the hospital Chris- Stressing Stewardship 213. In addition to the college tians, and much of the credit is students there are 74 senior due this former Buddhist. Rev. H. G. Hilscher, of the middle school students in the Shantung Presbyterian Mission, Practice School under the Edu- Overcoming Adversity cation Department of the insti- has made two extended bicycle tution. Dormitories are crowded The little Christian Church at trips over the Tengchow field to to capacity, and further provis- ion for housing must be made to Chi Yang had fallen on hard stress stewardship and self-sup- meet the normal growth of the port. He reports that the result student body. days. The membership slowly exceeded expectations. "Numer- -China Weekly Review. melted away. ous c h u r c h members have pledged their tithe. Our pastors, Friends Face Issue "Friends," said the volunteer who a few years ago all refused Friends at West China Union preacher, Mr. Wang, "either we to make such a pledge, are now University are confronted with tithing, as are many elders and a serious situation which arises do something or allow our from the requirement of the other leaders. One woman, Chinese Government that educachurch to be occupied by the formerly an evangelist who tional institutions in China shall teach military drill. Recently, military." So they started serv- hated to give, was revived last the government has been press- year and pledged her tithe, but ing this requirement, and the six ices again; then a school for this spring changed her pledge Friends who are members of the teaching staff have sent a signed girls; then Thousand Character to two-tenths. In one place letter of protest which stayed where we held meetings many proceedings for a time, but the Classes. The Commanding of- pledges in produce were made, ultimate result is still in the balance. iicer of the Army division turned e. g., a bushel of millet, or of wheat, eggs laid on Sunday, an The Presbyterian mission in out to be a Christian, with a de- Shantung also passed a strong entire apricot crop; and the resolution a g a ins t military sire to help. They outgrew old children insisted on having a training in Christian schools.

quarters and built a new church. share. The total amount pledged Some eminent Chinese leaders in the country field is about three have spoken frankly in regard to In late October, Rev. Rowland giving education precedence over times that of last year. military preparation. "We must M. Cross attended the dedication. Owing to finances two pastors believe," said Dr. Hu Hsih, "that the education of 50,000,000 chil- The campaign for funds was had their subsidies entirely dren will be 50,000 times more effective and important to the promoted by three loyal sons, withdrawn, but they decided to country than 5,000 airplanes!" continue on a faith basis. It two students in Yenching and meant hardship, but they testify -American Friend'. to greater joy in service, and .Jefferson, respectively, and one certainly they show greater zeal. a teacher in Tunghsien. The One who was lazy is now inces- santly preaching and looking iirst person to offer public con- after his church members; his gratulations was a non-Chris- wife is an inspiration by her tian, leading business man from constant singing, testimony and praying, and her radiance in the an adj oining town. Bowing low home. to the Cross on the altar and the picture of Christ above it, he then turned to the congregation and thanked them and the Kung- lihui for what itthheadcodmomn~eniatny.d was doing, for The pastor, a local farmer, serves without pay.

Christian Services Forbidden Persecution of Lisu converts Buildings for Ginling JAPAN -CHOSEN Dedication ceremonies for the General Assembly Meeting in the province of Yunnan continues. The latest report to China's Millions is that the local new Chapel-Music Building and The forty-eighth annual meetofficial has definitely iss u e d the Library – Administration ing of the Presbyterian Church

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

in Japan was held in Tokyo last Sunday school and worship serv- that ha<J been stripped from the ices are held. Each year in Jan- October. About 300 delegates uary the farm accommodates the wall of a Korean room, and that were in attendance, coming from 20 to 30 who come for two weeks consisted of leaves from one of all parts of Japan and from For- of Farmers' Gospel S c h 0 0 I. the first Korean Bibles that had mosa, Korea and Manchukuo. There is also a Rural Women's been sent in from Manchuria be- The meetings were characterized Gospel School where along with fore the first missionaries arthroughout by a spirit of prayer the Gospel, courses are offered rived. -Pyengyang News. and harmony, and a generous attitude toward others in the in food preparation, care of chil- ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC problems that were discussed. dren, housing conditions, hy- Among the questions voted upon gienic c lot hi n g, budgeting, Transformed Islanders were: The appointment of a simple marketing, etc. In 1875, Dr. George Brown Japanese as principal of the -Kagawa Fellowship landed on the beach at Molot, in Tainan College in Formosa, con- Bulletin. the Duke of York group, New ducted by the English Presby- Britain District, and found a terians, in response to an ear- New Church For Koreans people wholly savage, of disgustnest request from that mission. ing habits and of evil temper.

A special committee was ap- There are now 500,000 Ko- All the horrors of heathenism pointed for conference on union reans in Japan, scattered from were around him, and human of all denominations, with no one end of the land to the other. life was not safe. Fifty years sacrifice of principles or faith. Through the cooperation of later a missionary stepped on the Methodist and Presbyterian same beach, to be welcomed by It was urged that the Church's churches in Korea, and about over two thousand people singthree seminaries establish closer ing Christian hymns. They were relations by means of annual ten missions of various denomiconferences. nations in Japan, 48 churches clean, self-respecting, and, as was subsequently see n, of It was voted that more em- have been established for these changed character. Fiji was phasis should be placed on the Koreans, with about 4,000 Chrisspiritual and less on the scholas- once a by-word for bestiality and tic qualifications of candidates; tians, 1,000 of this number being indescribable cruelty, and all the this in view of the fact that sev- baptized church members. horrors of widow – strangling, eral men of outstanding ability had failed in one or more exam- This church as now written cannibalism and infanticide inations last year. its own constitution and creed were commonplace. Today there and set up an organization with is a whole nation transformed, -Christian Observer. and eagerly preparing to cele- something like sessions, Presby- brate the Centenary of Chris- teries or conferences, and a su- preme council. Practically all the cooperating bodies have cor- tianity in those once dark One-Acre Evangelism dially approved the new organ- islands. There is now a Church One of Mr. Kagawa's ventures ization. Six or seven congrega- that has sent its sons and daugh- tions have their buildings paid ters to New Britain, Papua, Solis to establish in various parts of for, and are contributing toward omon Islands and North Aus- Japan, as experiment stations in their workers' support. tralia to preach the Good News keeping with small scale farm- that so marvelously redeemed -Pyengyang News. their own lives. ing and living standards a series of model one-acre farms, tilled Moffett Memorial -The Open Door.

and lived on by Christian farm For some time Korean friends A Discovery in New Guinea experts. The first of these was started a few miles from Tokyo, and on it as tenant and man- of Dr. Samuel Moffett have An Australian anthropologist, ager went a young Christian wished to erect some memorial E. W. P. Chinnery, has reported graduate of the Imperial Agri- as an appreciation of his many his discovery of an area of 5,000 culture School in Tokyo and an years of service. Their first square miles in the interior of instructor therein, with his wife thought was a bronze statue, but New Guinea, inhabited by at and baby. During their three they have deferred to Dr. Mof- least 200,000 savage people who years' residence the acre has fett's wishes in the matter, with have never had any contact been transformed from the usual the result that a very neat and whatever with the outside world.

cluster of one-group rice paddies substantial two-story b ric k On venturing an investigation, into a veritable horticultural building stands at the intersec- the natives were found to be garden, with various sorts of tion of the two streets which quite friendly, much better phys- animal husbandry. Not only skirt the Eastern part of the ical specimens than many of this but the farm is a center of missionary compound. Although their fellow New Guineans. This community life and culture, as not quite finished it was used newly discovered group is with- one may judge from the well- during the meeting of General in British mandated territory.

thumbed library in the home. Assembly to house a remarkable Here is a good opportunity for Every Sunday the little house is Jubilee Exhibit. An interesting pioneer missionary work.

converted into a church where feature a section of wall-paper -Moody Institute Monthly.

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information I ~,==~~========~========~==~=~, Christianity Tested, Its Significance strange, heavy," and "its doc- Dr. Buck writes out of his own for Modern Missions. By Oscar Macmillan Buck. 257 pages. $2.00. trines are foreign and bewilder- experience as a former mission- The Abingdon Press, New York. ing." (p. 104.) Then, "What ary in India, and his studies as 1934. is it," he asks, "that we have to Professor of Missions and Com- Dr. Oscar M. Buck, Professor give that is unique?" (p. 128.) parative Religion at Drew Theoof Missions in Drew University, He declares that "it is not logical Seminary since 1920. In has undertaken a difficult task- enough to say that the Christian 1925-26, he spent a year in Asia, to show how Christianity looks uniqueness is Christ," as was during eight months of which he to Asiatic non-Christians. He affirmed at the Lausanne and J e- was engaged in evangelistic frankly says that it would be rusalem Conferences. (pp. 129- work among educated non-Chris- "far easier to discover the 130.) Dr. Buck finds the answer tians. In 1930-31 he was again uniqueness of Christianity" to which satisfies him in "the in India as Secretary of the western Christians. But what Christian manner of living." (p. Lindsay Commission on Chrisdoes a non-Christian see? This 139). "What we have to giveis what this book sets out to and all that we have to give-is tian Higher Education. He is show. He guards himself at the the proof of what is unique in outset by saying: the life and religion of Jesus." an ardent advocate and an ear- (p. 230.) This attempt at a philosophy of mis- nest student of foreign missions, based upon what is unique and Is there a contrast here be- sions. Whether his present atdistinctive in Christianity among the tween the religion "of" Jesus and tempt is successful, as an Occiworld's religions and irreligions, has the religion "about" Jesus, the dental Christian to put himself to do only with the first approach to religion of which He is not only the non-Christian. It does not claim the perfect example but the ob- in the other fellow's place and to be a compendium for all that is dis- ject of its faith and worship. As tinctive in Christianity, but only a for "manner of living," it would see Christianity from the viewstatement of that central uniqueness be easy to name men who do not point of an Oriental non-Chriswhich would commend Christianity to believe in Christ at all-agnos- tian, an American is hardly in a the non-Christian without making tics, Jews, Hindus and Buddhists position to decide. Only an edu- Christianity to him at the start a sys- -whose "manner of living" is as cated Asiatic is competent to tem so exotic, so complicated, and so irreproachable as that of Chris- appraise the validity of the auaggressive as to arouse in him the tians. thor's argument. One would will to disbelieve if not the will to like to have the reactions of such counter. (p. 10.) Dr. Buck seems to magnify the men as Chang Po-lin of China, intellectual obstacles to the Kagawa of Japan, Bishop Dorne- He concludes that the mission- spread of Christianity in Asia. kal of India and Boon Boon Itt ary enterprise makes a mistake Such obstacles undoubtedly ex- of Siam. They have not found in emphasizing at the outset the ist, but are they the most for- the central Christian doctrines divine sonship of Christ, His "incomprehensible," nor did that atonement and redemption, great theologian, the late Dr.

which, precious as they are to us midable ones? Whatever they Uemura of Tokyo, who taught who "are heirs of Plato and are, we concur in the declaration these doctrines to hundreds of Plotinus, with Greek id~alism of the Lausanne and Jerusalem his students and preached them based on a metaphysical dualism Conferences that "our message to tens of thousands of Japanese. the framework of our thinking." is Jesus Christ" as He is pre- But Dr. Buck has written a (p. 95.) His ideas are unintelli- sented in the New Testament. remarkably thought – provoking gible to Asiatics who have no This is the message that has won book and one that contains a such background. "The Chris- all the victories that Christianity large amount of valuable matetian missionary enterprise," says has won thus far. The Asiatie rial. Missionaries and secreta- Dr. Buck, "has never taken suffi- delegates to those conferences ries and members of boards ciently to heart this incompre- voted for the statement and its should carefully read it. The hensibility for the Asian of its power has been attested by hun- lack of an index is a defect which doctrines and methods." (p.90.) dreds of thousands of Oriental should be remedied in any fur- The Church, too, he deems "a Christians who have understood ther printing. barrier" as "its organization is it and joyfully accepted it. ARTHUR J. BROWN.

Any of the books noted In these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[94 ] History of the Korea Mission, Pres- cret of the work that has been China, shows 122 missions under byterian Church in the U. S. A. By carried on with great power various orders of that Church. Harry A. Rhodes, Editor. 682 pp. even through much weakness. Protestant statistics are more 8 vo. $2.00. Published by the Mis- "Certain spiritual factors have difficult to obtain because of the sion. Sold in America by Fleming predominated, viz., prayer, con- many agencies at work. There H. Revell Company, New York. fession, Bible study, worship, are two Australian Societies, 17 1934. witnessing, observance of the British, 66 American, 21 Conti- Lord's Day, revival, giving, tem- nental, with 21 agencies and so- This volume should every- perance and righteous living." cieties that are quite distinctivewhere commend the deep inter- Readers of this history will join ly Chinese, in addition to the est of students of missions. It the missionaries and their Ko- China Inland Mission rated as is the kind of work that needs to rean friends in the earnest hope international and seven educabe done in all fields, putting the that these factors will continue tional agencies not listed among records of the years into perma- in full power in trying days that the others. There are 6,121 nent form. The Presbyterian are sure to come. Protestant missionaries, 481,162 Mission in Chosen has been no- registered Protestant communitable both in methods and in CLELAND B. McAFEE. cants in a partial and incomplete results, leading to the establish- report, with 214,566 others rement of a Church which takes The China Year Book, 1934. Edited ported under instruction. Note itself with great seriousness. by H. G. W. Woodhead. 8 vo. 854 is made of medical, educational, Probably no mission in the world pp. $12.50. Published in China. relief and other forms of work. has tried to put into operation Agents for U. S. A.: University of more thoroughly what is known Chicago Press, Chicago. 1934. Other sections of the volume as the "Nevius Plan" of self-sup- give accurate facts as to the govport and self-government among This sixteenth edition of the ernment and its constitution, so new believers. Dr. Rhodes here China Year Book is even more difficult to obtain elsewhere, railtells the story of the half-cen- elaborate than its predecessors. road, postal and other statistics tury, having had full access to Manchukuo is dealt with in a and programs, and an excellent all records in Chosen itself and special chapter, since the Chi- and informative "Who's Who." in the Mission Board files in nese Government does not exer- It is an invaluable guide to the America during a recent fur- cise at present any authority facts about China. lough. The result is a sumptu- there. A special Year Book covous volume, sold at a surprising- ering Manchukuo is issued in CLELAND B. McAFEE. ly low price to make it available Tokyo. The chapters on Roman to all. In addition to 682 pages and Protestant Missions in China's Problems and Their Solution. of text there are eighty-three China have been brought down By Wang Ching-Wei. 199 pp. $4.50. pages of illustrations from pho- to date by resident writers; China United Press. Shanghai. tographs; most pages contain- there is a new chapter on "The ing two or more pictures. It is Press" and a full account of the This is an authoritative interan unusual and valuable piece of Kuomintang. Data are here pretation of present-day China, work, describing fifty years of available on virtually every as- its revolution, problems and polremarkable achievement. pect of Chinese life and history icies. It is written by one who so that the book should be in might have used the historic After giving the background every public and school library phrase: "All of which I saw and of Korean history, religion and and in the hands of all careful part of which I was"; for the customs, Dr. Rhodes takes up the students of Chinese affairs. author was a collaborator and main theme-the work of grace confidential friend of Sun Yatthrough the mission and the re- The religion of the Chinese is sen, the father of the Chinese sulting Church. The record of discussed in an extended chap- Republic, and since the latter's great revivals and new begin- ter. There are between fifteen death he has been an influential nings is given with balance and and twenty million Moslems in factor in the Government and is careful analysis. The story of China. A few hundred Chinese now president of the Executive cooperative efforts, of diver- Jews are found in Honan, gath- Department of the Government, gence of views regarding some ered around the ruins of a syna- and Minister of Foreign Affairs. points as between field and home gogue built in 1183, rebuilt in He frankly says that "China is office, of movements toward edu- 1488, and now being reclaimed sick and suffering from a series cation of the believers, of the by an Anglican Mission. Most of complications which may' be organizing of the Church and its Chinese accept Confucianism, described as general debility, a many agencies of expansion, of Taoism and Buddhism, all three weak heart and a tumorous medical work, industrial service, at the same time. "The record- growth." (p. 13.) But he firmforeign missions, of the found- ed Roman Catholic population ly believes in the recuperative ing of stations-all this is told today is 2,624,166. Every cor- powers of his country and that, in a way to inspire the reader. ner of this immense Chinese field given reasonable time and free- Missionary-minded pastors and has been planted with a Cross. dom from outside interference, other speakers will rejoice to find New workers come in hundreds China can and will develop a the whole story rich in incidents. every year from Europe and sound and stable government. Effort is made to reveal the se- America." A large statistical He roundly denounces the folder of the Catholic Church in "swashbuckling war-lords" and

"predatory militarist" whose sympathetically told and is an girls are bad; they are more "cruel selfishness" is keeping the excellent supplement to the more sinned against than sinning. country in turmoil. (p. 17.) complete biographies by Mrs. Many have left home for good, He declares that China can no Arthur Parker, Drs. Streeter unselfish reasons, because their more tolerate communists "than and Appasamy and Dr. Heiler of parents could not support them. the existence of poisonous snakes Marburg; the book by Mr. An- But they are ruined or on the and wild beasts." (p. 171.) He drews is an especially well writ- road to ruin for they live by earnestly advocates a policy of ten and satisfying interpretation their wits and brute strengthunification, and he wisely and of the man. tramping, stealing, begging, lyplainly says: "there is only one As is generally known by ing, in promiscuous sex relations course open to us-to put our readers of THE REVIEW, Sundar that sap physical and moral vihouse in order so as to consoli- Singh was a well-born Sikh, and tality. Their only education is date our national strength and had a devout mother and an hon- that which they pick up as chickvitality and thus strengthen the ored father. He went to a Chris- ens pick up grains from the dirt. foundations of peace in the Far tian mission school but lead in Prof. Minehan has interviewed East and in the world beyond it. student opposition to Bible study 1,377 boys and 88 girls of the There is no alternative." (p. 5.) and Christian influence. He was, American "jungle." Most of This is Chinese statesmanship however, a seeker after God and them are American born and so at its best. There is hope for a when about sixteen years of age are their parents. They came nation that has such leaders as had a remarkable vision which from over 22 states. Their ages Wang Ching-Wei and Chiang led to his acceptance of the living ranged from 12 to 21, the aver- Kai-shek. The volume has a Christ. Persecution and ostra- age being about 17 years. Most wealth of information and is cism from his home followed. claimed to be Protestants and 88 handsomely printed and bound, He forsook all, was baptized and had attended Sunday Schools. but the price is rather high for a began to study with missionaries Many had been on the road from book of hardly 200 pages. at Ludhianna and later at La- one to two years. Few had ARTHUR J. BROWN. hore. Finally he decided to be- reached high school. A glossary come a Christian Sadhu-a trav- Sadhu Sundar Singh. By C. F. An- eling witness to Christ and a is needed to interpret some of' servant of all in the name of his their language on the road. drews. 8 vo. 204 pp. $2.00. Harp- ers. New York. 1934. The book is interesting but sad Many· who were acquainted Master. Many and remarkable reading and describes where with Sundar Singh were strong- were his visions and experiences these boys and girls come from; ly impressed with his likeness to -it being difficult at times to where they go, and how; where Christ. This likeness included distinguish between the two. His they sleep and eat; their renot only his Eastern dress and great ambition was to carry the ligious life and standards; their general Oriental appearance but Gospel into Tibet, the closed conversations and sex life. What his quiet self-control, his peace- land, and several times he jour- can be done about it? Unfortuful demeanor, his strength of neyed thither. On his last jour- nately they don't like missions. character, his sacrificial service ney, in 1929, at the age of 34, These boys and girls will not be to any and all who needed his he disappeared and his death is taken in C.C.C. camps and are help, his constant witness to God generally accepted but he has not on relief lists. They need to and the love which drew children left an abiding heritage to the be rescued and put into homes and others to his side. C. F. Christian Church. for their own sake and for the Andrews knew Sundar Singh in- This biographical sketch and sake of humanity before they go timately and is a kindred spirit. interpretation is well worth on spreading moral and physi- In these personal memoirs Mr. reading. It reveals what may cal disease and death. They con- Andrews describes his own con- happen when Christ takes pos- stitute a social evil that will tacts and conversations with the session of an Indian soul. spread if it is not remedied.

Sadhu; he tells of his devotion Boy and Girl Tramps of America. By Navaholand and Zunitown. A Reto Christ and the deathless beau- Thomas Minehan. Illus. 8 vo. 267 port of Christian Reformed Misty and strength of his character. pp. $2.50. Farrar and Rinehart. sions. Htmry Beets. 25 cents.

"Sundar Singh," he writes, "by New York. 1934. Grand Rapids Printing Co. Michihig creative personality, set for- Depression-financial, domes- gan. 1934.

ward a true type for Indian tic and moral-is responsible for This is a story of work among Christians to follow." India many ills, one of the worst of the Indians of New Mexico and would be a new land and the which is its influence on boys Arizona-a work nearly forty Indian Church a nearly ideal and girls. This description of years old and showing much en- church if the devotion, the char- life among vagabond boys and couraging fruitage. There are acter, the spirit that dominated girls is by a young professor schools and hospitals, churches the Sadhu, prevailed in that land from the University of Minne- and Christian homes. These and church. sota who lived among them, dis- brief sketches reveal the power Here is a fascinating, stimu- guised, for three years. The of Christ to transform life so lating biography for anyone to story he tells is shocking, heart- that the good Indians are alive read. The story is simply and rending. Not all the boys and not dead.

New Chain-Reference Bible. But, however mixed their blood, religious leadership, and what a

Compiled and edited by Frank group of Baptists are doing at Charles Thompson. 12 maps. 8 Vo. the culture has become largely Clear Creek Mountain ~prmgs VarlOus styles and prices. B. B. English and most of the de- to help train the mountam Kirkbride Bible Co. Indianapolis. nommations represented were brought over by the ~nglish. preachers. 1934.

The Bible is still the "best Three outstanding characterIs- Dr. Dunn's chapter on "Misseller" in the world and has been tics of the pIOneers stiH prevail sionary and Phi I ant h r 0 pic for at least a century. There in great degree-individuallsm, Schools" is full of informatlOn are translations, editions, anno- emotional instability, and reH- essential to a thorough knowltations, notes and styles almost ance on natural ablllty unaided edge of this phase of the mounwithout number, and the added by special training. The book tain work. If one wishes a commaterial varies greatly in prac- gIves a hIstory of the rise of de- pendium of information about tical value. This Chain-Refer- nominatIOnal1sm and shows that, the religious and educatlOnal ence Bible has many unique and on account of the individuallsm conditions of the mountams, the useful features for Bible stu- of the people, the SImple democ- changes now taking place, and dents-particularly for begin- racy of the l:Saptist Churches be- the many problems facing the ners in deeper study and for came popular and has held the mountain workers, this bOOK will parents and teachers. It is based ascenaency. 'l'he uneducated be a great help. L. C. KELLY. on the King James Version, has preacher and his emotIOnal1sm a self-pronouncing text, good proauced persecution in Virgmia New Books print and I eat her binding. but resulted in granting freedom Among the special features are of worshIp to all. American Family. Faith Baldwin. the chain references by which a The chIef elements in the re- 388 pp. $2. Farrar & Rinehart. subject can be followed through ligious inheritance of the High- New York. the entire Bible. There are also The Christian Fact and Modern lanaers are a strong belief in the Doubt. Geo. A. Buttrick. 301 pp. an analysis of the different real1ty and importance of re- $2.50. Scribners. New York. books, an outline study of Bible liglOn, a fear of the l(.oman Cath- A Christian Manifesto. Edwin Lewis. characters, pictorial maps and 245 pp. $2.00. Abingdon Press. charts, a general index, a text 01lC vhurch, a distrust of all New York. forms or symbols (as being encylopedia, Bible readings, out- Christ and the Congo. Findings of line studies, Bible harmonies, a associated with the Catholic Conferences Held by Dr. John R. Church) , reverence for the Mott. 68 pp. 2s. 1. M. C. London. concordance and atlas. Bound words of the Bible, and a belief with it is Dr. Thompson's own in the supreme importance of Forward in Western China. E. S. system of Bible study with sug- personal salvation. Stewart. 75 pp. lB. C. M. S. Longestions as to the analytical study, the synthetic study, chap- Isolation, poverty, overpopu- don. ter, topical and verse studies. This is the result of thirty-one lation, bad health conditions, and God's Unspeakable Gift. H. A. Ironyears of careful, reverent labor. sides. 192 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & It is adapted to all classes and the slow development of schools Inglis. Glasgow. will be found especially useful are discussed. Lack of social to missionaries, young pastors organizations, the inferior posi- His Book or Structure in Scripture. Norman B. Harrison. 111 pp. 75 and Sunday school teachers. tion of women, and pioneer eth- cents. B. 1. C. A. Chicago. ics are discriminatingly pointed Is He Not Able? Edith F. Norton. out. The report of a funeral ser- 147 pp. $1.00. Bible Institute Col- mon is included in a graphic portage Association, Chicago.

Religion in the Highlands. By Eliza- picture of the preaching of a Ploughed Under. Amy Carmichael. beth R. Hooker. With a section on primitive preacher. The anti- 28. 6d. Illus. 156 pp. S. P. C. K. Missionary and Philanthropic mission and sectarian spirit of London. Schools. By Fannie W. Dunn. 319 pp. $1.00. Home Missions Coun- certain sections are well defined. Race and Economics in South Africa. cil, New York, 1933. The Northeastern Cumberland W. G. Ballinger. 67 pp. 18. 6d.

We are here given an insight Plateau, which comprises much Sun Yat-Sen-His Life and Its Mean- of Eastern Kentucky and some ing. Lyon Sharman. $3.50. 418 to the mountain life and moun- pp. John Day Co. New York. tain problems educationally, and of West Virginia, is shown to be That Strange Man Upon the Cross. religiously. Miss Hooker's divi- the most destitute educationally Richard Roberts. 137 pp. $1.25. sion of the territory of the south- and religiously of all the moun- Abingdon Press. New York.

ern mountains into the North- tain sections. Because of this The Tiger Tamed. R. H. Boyd. 208 western Cumberland Plateau, destitution it has become the fo- pp. 28. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- the Northeastern Cumberland cal center of many people who don. Plateau, the Allegheny Plateau, seek to help the people religious- Unto the Skies. Lilian G. Carleton. the Blue Ridge, the Central ly, educationally, and otherwise. 210 pp. 38. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. Ridges, and the Central Valleys, The book gives a fine discussion London. shows a true insight to the great on church houses, missionary Ways of Praying. Muriel Lester. 32 agencies, denominational and in- pp. 35 cents. Cokesbury Press. differences between mountain Nashville. people and their varied prob- dependent schools. It is the only lems. The ancestors of these Word Studies in the Old Testament. people were largely of German, book we know that discusses im- Vol.!. B. A. M. Schapiro. 28 pp. partially the uneducated moun- 50 cents. Hebrew-Christian Pub. English and Scotch Irish stocks. tain preacher, the problem of Society. New York.

—A PROBLEM OR A

HERE IS A CHALLENGE TO YOU I Will you help to spread international understanding and brotherhood?

Dr. Charles W. Iglehart, who has been a missionary in Japan for twenty-Five years, sees the problem presented to Asia and to America. He also sees the challenge and the present opportunity.

Will YOU accept the challenge and make use of the opportunity? HOW? Send for copies of Dr. Iglehart's leaflet and distribute them in your church, your club, your social circle. It is d stirring picture that Dr. Iglehart draws—one to hold the attention and stir to action—useful Cpristian dction. Send 2 cents for a sample leaflet. Then send $1.00 for a hundred more. An American layman was so stirred by this message from Dr. Inglehart that he provided for the publication of a limited number of these leaFiets—with the conFident hope that you will help distribute them.

cSend to THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 1S6 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK AGENTS WANTED CUTS FOR SALE THE MISSIONARY REVIEW Excellent halftone plates and line cuts (undam- can be sold in quantities to aged) used in THE MISSIONARY REVIEW every Missionary Society. It fur- during the past two years. nishes information in brief, in- teresting form for leaders and For sale at one-third the cost. These are val- discussion groups. Why not act uable for loccill or denominational papers. Vivid as our Agent in your church or pictures of life all over the world. community? You can advance the cause of Foreign MisSions, Americ:an Highlands and at the same time can earn Americ:an Indians Afric:ans—Heathen and Christian A Liberal Commission China···Old and New Japan and. Korea • India's Idols and Christians Results in Moslem Lands Address.–Circ:ulation Manager Savages and Saints The Pacific Islanders The Missionary Review of the World • Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa. c8enCi to The Missionary Review of the World Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa.

The Missionary Review of the World — August 1916

FOlQ

SSIONA~Y FI:RES 1. C. T. Vang, the Christian president of the Cburcb senate, states tbat the two points which mission scbools need to emphasize are scholarship in the Chinese language and industrial education. (See page 572.) 2. One of Carranza's ministers accepted a Bible given by a ·missionary and exprest his appreciation especially because of its convenient pocket size. (See page 583.) 3. It is tbe custom of tbe Kru natives to cledicate their farms at rice-cutting time with human sacrifice. The "devil doctor" makes a medicine from the blood which is supposed to guarantee large crops. (See page 598.) 4. The greatest peril in war is not from shrapnel or mines; it is not from lack of food or sanitation: it is from the moral and spiritual degeneration of the soldiers. This peril is being met most successfully by Christian workers. (See page 620.) 5. Christianity is provir;g its power by transforming the outcasts of India. This is also a powerful argument to the upper classes. (See page 594.) 6. A city-wide Cbristian social service program is one among many valuable activities carried on under Princeton University auspices by the Young Men's Christian Association of Peking. (See page 609.) 7. In Paotingfu, where fifteen American missionaries and many Chinese Christians were killed by the Boxers sixteen years ago, 700 students in the military college reccntly asked for Bibles. These were presented by a Chinese business man. (See page 565.) R Eleven thousand children in Hawaii are being educated in Japanese, as well as American schools, and are thus receiving conflicting conceptions of God, home, and the family. (See page 563.) 9. Over five hundred Mohammedan students in Cairo recently accepted in- vitations to a stereopticon lecture given by Rev. Stephen Trowbridge on the Ii fe of Christ. (See page 633.) 10. Tho no battle was fought between Christians and Moslems in Persia, one- fifth of the Christian popUlation of Urumia district perished in five months. The missionaries saved thousands from death-both Christians and Mos- lems. (See page 586.)

Hon. C. T. Wang, vice-president of the Senate in China, resigned that office when

Yuan Shih Kai turned toward the monarchy, and became General Secretary of the Young Men's Chrhtian Assodation of China. Mr. Wang had held a very important position during the revolution. and was one of the framers of the Republic's constitution. He was caned to take a place in the Cabinet of the new Republic, but during all this time he retained his relation to the Young Men's Christian Association. ~1r. W~ng has declined various political positions, and has refused large salaries, but when President Li requested him to reorganize the Senate after Yuan's death, he felt it to be a duty he owed to his country. it augurs well for the cause of Christ in China to have him assume this responsible position. He will probably be one of the leading forces in China. I ARY E IE OF THE WORLD Vol. XXXIX. No.8 AUGUST, 1916 Vol. XXIX. No.8 Old Series New Series 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111III 111111111111111111111 11111 SPIRITUAL ENGINEERS IN EUROPE through the British and Foreign Bi- ble Society. There has never been THE work of the Y. M. C. A. anything like it in the distribution among the soldiers in Europe of the Scriptures. One prison camp has 50,000 Russian prisoners shut involves the sending of men, whom up till the war shall end; only about John R. Matt calls "spiritual engi- one in fifteen are given work to do; neers" into the prison camps, hos- all their time on their hands-nothing pitals and battlefields. These work- to do! Austria, Germany and Rusers may be the means of a reforma- sia have given full permission' to tion and regeneration in many Eu- work in prison camps. So now, in ropean countries-if their work is every country except Turkey, Amerspiritual as well as social. They ica has the opportunity of ministerwrite letters for the men, who can ing to these five million six hundred not see or can not sit up, to their thousand military prisoners-and no families and friends, who do not other country can have that opporperhaps even know where they are tunity. or whether they are living or not. These friendly ministries will never The method of work is to build a be forgotten. simple hut in each camp, with room for lectures, entertainments, religious N ow the door is open in Austria- services, five or six hundred books in Hungary and ill Italy. Two million different languages, a room for writ- Bibles have been sent out through ing, one for the orchestra. One of the Bible Society of Scotland, nearly the doctors said the orchestra was as many through the American Society, and three and a half million The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIn-W, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nOr for positions taken by contributors of signed articles in these pages.-EmTOItS.

the best thing to ward off insanity. W. Thwing, "are now waking up to the It is like going from darkness to need of progress and change. They day to go from a camp without music have started an Educational Bureau to one that has it. and Progressive Society here and are The next step is to organize socie- publishing new books and discussing ties to work among the thousands, to the questions between Christianity take a census, ask the men what they and Islam. They publish a maga- want to study. In each camp where zine in Arabic and Chinese.

the "huts" have been established there "The spirit of conservatism is are from 1,700 to 3,000 who are changing and Chinese Mioslems are studying arts, science, politics and beginning to feel that they must in- trades. The men who want to study vestigate. Their sacred book the are taught by college graduates, edu- Koran (Chinese 'Heavenly Classic') cated men, so that not a dollar need has been more than a thousand years be spent for teachers or secretaries, in China, and has been intoned by and all are put to work. It is chang- their priests in Arabic in all parts ing prison life from a process of phy- of the land. But never would they sical, mental and moral deterioration translate this sacred book into cominto one of character-building, in- mon Chinese. Now, however, things crease of efficiency, and service to have changed. The Chinese are planone's fellow men, and wide evangel- ning to translate. the Koran and Ism. have recently translated and published the first chapter into Chinese. Some It is the function of Christians to of the leaders told me that they proclaim the coming dawn; that is, wished to come into more friendly that the good will conquer the ill; touch with other faiths and they have that love will vanquish hate; that Christ read tracts about the Bible. One can make nations, as well as individu- Chinese Moslem said 'Foreigners have als, strongest where now they are translated the Koran into English, weakest; that where sin did abound German, French and other languages. Christ shall more abound. Must we say there are no Chinese to do it? It must be done.' It will be "How incongruous it would be," says Dr. John R. Matt, who is an interesting work." now again in Europe, "at a moment Christians should aim to lead these when whole nations are stretched on a Calvary Cross, for any Christian Moslem inquirers to study the law to continue to lead a selfish life or a life of ease! Rather may we plac( and the Gospel, which are confirmed ourselves afresh at the disposition of by their prophet. Some terms used Christ, henceforth to do His will in the Chinese translation of the and not our own, cost what it may." Bible are offensive or not clear to them, so that it would be well for I CHANGES IN CHINESE ISLAM the Bible Societies to issue a special MPORTANT changes are taking edition of the Gospels for the Chinese place in the spirit of the Chinese Moslems. Now is a time of great Mohammedans. "The leaders of the opportunity to bring to them the Gos- Mohammedans in Peking," writes E. pel of Salvation.

OF THE

THE NEW CRISIS IN HAWAII THE TURKS AND AMERICAN MISSIONS T HE Hawaiian Islands, long ago, I T seems inconceivable that the ceased to be a foreign mission field. So well did the early mission- Turkish Government, after reap- aries do their work that the islands ing the benefits of one hundred years are now called Christian. A new of unselfish service on the part of problem has, however, entered in the American missionaries, should now large influx of Asiatics and the next seek to destroy their work or seize ten or fifteen years will determine the property which represents such whether these people wi11 become a large amount of American money.

Christians or will themselves be a Letters from Turkey, however, show menace to the Christian institutions that such is the case. The govern- and ideals. Within ten years, many ment is seeking to expel the mission- thousands of Hawaiian-born Asiatics aries from the interior. They have will have reached their majority and already driven out those who re- exercise the full rights of American mained at their post in Marsovan, citizenship. If these Asiatic-Ameri- Sivas and Caesarea, and have seized cans drift into irreligious living, the mISSIon property. This is only' a social and moral dangers of the slight token of what might be ex- Islands will be greatly increased. pected if the United States should There are 12,206 Japanese, Korean break off diplomatic relations with and Filipino children in the public Germany and Turkey.

schools and 2,471 in private schools President George E. White of Ana- in the Hawaiian territory. The pub- tolia College has been in Turkey since lic schools.are giving them an English 1890, and is at the head of a grow- education, but 11,000 are in Japanese ing institution with 400 students.

public schools and are getting an President White writes: "On May Oriental education with their Ameri- IO our gateman brought word that can education. For the most part, the city governor had come to call.

these children attend the Japanese I found not only the governor but Buddhist school each day before and the commandant of gendarmes, the after their attendance in the public colonel and the chief of police. The school. The Oriental parents in governor stated at once that he had Hawaii see that their children pass- called to requisition our buildings ing through the public school, are whether used for hospital, school or likely to become Americans. As a residential purposes, and to send us result, II,OClO children are being Americans to Constantinople; this taught in two fundamentally differ- under orders of the general com- ent ideals of life, two conceptions of manding the third army, and owing God, home, and of the family. The to strained reiations between Ger- problem of the Hawaiian-born Ori- many and the United States.

ental is exceedingly complicated. Noth- "Before my associates could come ing short of the message of the Chris- together, the governor had sealed tian missionary is equal to the trans- our safe and was proceeding to seize forming of the heart and life of these the college buildings. We requested people into genuine American citizens. an opportunit.y to communicate with

W our Embassy, but he rejected it, and THE REVOLT IN ARABIA said that the Embassy was closed; HAT may be the result of the that relations were strained to-day; present revolt against Turkey would be broken off to-morrow; and in Arabia none can forsee. It is an- the next day there would be war. other sign of the politica:J disintegra- "The hospital where over 500 tion of Islam. The spiritual center Turkish soldiers have been treated of Islam is the place of the prophet's gratis under Red Cross auspices, with nativity and truimph in Arabia- its furniture, instruments, drugs and the Moslem pilgrimage cities, Mecca supplies, was occupied from that and Medina.

hour. Many officials bore themselves in When at the outbreak of the great a friendly personal manner and many world contlict the Sultan and the individuals of the city as they suc- Turkish Sheik-ul-Islam, proclaimed a ceeded in reaching us offered cordial holy war against the "infidel," they sympathy or suggestions for action. failed to reckon with this Arabian "On Sunday forenoon, May 14, the dislike for a Turkish overlordship commandant brought the final word and also with the British prestige in that while relations between Ger- the more fertile regions of the great many and America were understood Arabian peninsula. The Shereef of to have improved, still, as this re- Mecca, custodian of the prophet's gion was reckoned to be in the zone tomb, himself a descendant of the of war, all foreigners were to be prophet's family, raised three armies, excluded. The Governor made clear which he committed to the leader- that Americans must leave the war ship of his three sons. A Turkish zone and go to Constantinople; and garrison stilI holds Medina, but the that all our buildings and premises Hejaz railroad has been destroyed, would be requisitioned for the purpose cutting off reenforcements, and the of a military hospital. Arabian forces are menacing the tlank The Turkish Government is also of the Turkish-German army, whose taking steps to undermine and coun- destination was Egypt.

teract the Christian character and Civilization as interpreted by the teachings of such famous institutions English is a boon when it carries not as Robert College, Constantinople only material prosperity but freedom College for Women, and Syrian Prot- of faith. As the Arabs of Arabia estant College at Beirut. It is earn- are generally in friendly relations estly hoped, however, that the nego- with Great Britain or under its po- tiations conducted through the Ameri- tical control; the Moslems of India can Government and boards of trus- are fighting in Europe under the tees will lead to a friendly settlement British banners, and the Algerian and the continuance of the work Moslems are fighting valiantly for at the close of the war. In case France, this Arabian revolt splits the the Turkish Government should be Moslem world into two warring weakened physically as a result of halves, with the pilgrimage cities the conflict, we believe that the and holy places already, or soon to Turkish people will be resurrected be :in possessiion of Moslems affili- into newness of spiritual life. ated with the allied powers. The

16 ] SIGNS OF THE

partitioning of Islam and the upris- Bibles to those who desired them.

ing of the Arabian may help to seal Recently the military students sent to the fate of the eastern campaigns. the American Board's worker a list Bagdad, Jerusalem and Damascus are of 700 names of those who wanted old seats of Arabian power and the Bibles, and the questions the students pressure of revolt may help to seal ask of the missionaries show a genu- the fate of Turkish armies fighting ine earnestness and determination to in the Caucasus and on the shores know what is at the bottom of the of the Aegean and the Black Seas. Christians' faith. Thus China-the The British promise to respect the unchanging–{:ontinues to change and shrines of Islam has had the effect the great need is not quantity but of allaying the fears of Moslems, and quality in Christians.

the revolt in Arabia may mean the MASS MOVEMENT IN CENTRAL ultimate control of the peninSUla by AMERICA civilized powers. THE ~ass movements and political MARKED CHANGES IN CHINA and mtellectual upheavals in India, SIXTEEN years ago, in 1900, the China, Persia, Egypt and elsewhere Boxers killed fifteen American show clearly that we cannot tell what missionaries in Paotingfu, China, and a day may bring forth in missionary thought that they had destroyed the work. Great transformations may be "foreign" religion. To-day in the wrought suddenly. In Uganda and same city Christianity is a hundred- in all the surrounding country there fold more in evidence than ever be- have recently been many new evi- fore. On "East Street" is a sign dences that the Spirit of God is mov- which reads "Gospel Hall, Preaching ing among the people. A writer in Every Night, Free Reading Room." the Uganda News says: "The per- Here business men, young military sonality of a chief, the example of students in uniform, stolid looking a neighboring tribe, the general de- soldiers from the barracks, students sire to rise out of a state of savagery -also in uniform-from the govern- and ignorance, combine to draw men ment schools, ricksha coolies, and by the thousand into the visible now and then a dignified teacher of Church, notwithstanding every check the old days walking slowly and and test that can be applied. Thus, stiffly along, jostle each other around in the Mbale district, where the num- this sign from morning till night. ber under instruction in 1909 was This Gospel Hall is conducted by some 300, there are now, it is esti- the American Board Mission and is mated, no fewer than 10,000 read- continually so crowded that the read- ing. In Kavirondo, where the work ing room has had to be closed on among the Luo tribe began in 1905 Sundays because the authorities were with four heathen boys, the number afraid of the crowds who gather on of 'readers,' or people under in- that day. Students from the mili- struction, is now upward of 8,000.

tary academy. come in large numbers The little church in Ankole, to the gospel meetings, and a wealthy which in 1903 numbered twenty-eight Chinese business man has been giving members, now has 2,9I8 baptized

members, many of whom are com- mense power for evangelization and municants. A congregation of 3,000 national righteousness. The union at Ng'ora on a recent occasion, drawn will take place as soon as possible together at a day's notice from the after the close of the war. immediate neighborhood, and all of them 'readers,' testifies to a similar The negotiations for union have movement among the Teso people been going on for twelve years. The to the northeast of Buganda. And Presbyterians have been the last to still the movement, with all its en- commit themselves to the union. couragement and with all its dan- There has been a not large, but pergers, goes forward, and each year sistent minority, which may still hold gathers fresh force." out and possibly decline to enter the united church. But the Presbyterian There is danger in great popular church is now definitely committed to movements in favor of Christianity. this Christian enterprise. The deep spiritual work in individuals is more to be desired than wide- A REVIVAL IN UTAH spread but shallow mass movements. UTAH has long been considered the CHURCH UNION FOR CANADA un-American state of the Union WE have followed from time to and one of the most difficult fields for Christian work. Mormons are almost time the movement toward as difficult to convert as Jews or Mo- Church union in Canada. The Meth- hammedans. Recently, however, the odist and Congregational churches church members of the city of Ogden have voted for union, and th~ Pres- have proved that a spiritual awakening byterian General Assembly of Canada, is as possible t~ere as anywhere else. The Ministerial Association. backed by by a vote of 404 to 89, has taken a committee of laymen representing the Christian business and professional the final action needed to commit the men of the community, extended an Presbyterian body to the plan of one, invitation to an evangelist, the Rev. "The United Church of Canada." Henry Ostrom, to hold revival serv- ices in March. The committee took The deciding factor in the mind of the responsibility for the details conthe Assembly was the consideration nected with the meetings and, for a of the future development of the month, the churches united in special newer districts of Canada. The men union prayer-meetings. There was a of western Canada and those of New class of about seventy-five that met fol- Ontario were one in their appeal for lowing these meetings for special inunion. "We need it. It is vital to structions in personal work. There us," they said. were also many group prayer-meetings in houses in different parts of the city. The opinions of the returning sol- There were large numbers of people diers were also kept in mind. and all over the country that were enlisted they were believed to be almost in prayer by letter. At one meeting unanimously in favor of union. sixty-five young people declared them- selves willing to become missionaries. The Presbyterian and Methodist churches-about equal in number and strength'-are by far the two largest Protestant churches in Canada. The united churches should be an im-

EVENTS

AUGUST July 28th to Aug. 6th-Miss. Education Movement Con£., Lake Geneva, Wis. July 28th to Aug. 6th-Bible Conference, Montrose, Pa. 1st to 6th-Okoboji Summer School of Missions, Arnolds Park, Iowa. 1st to llth-Y. V. C. A. Student Summer Conference, Asilomar, Cal. 4th-The 75th anniversary of the birth of James Chalmers, 1841. 4th to 14th-Christian and Missionary Alliance Conf.. Old Orchard, Me. 4th to 20th-General Christian Workers' Conference, Northfield, Mass. 5th to 12th-Reformed Church Missionary Conference, Mt. Gretna, Pa. 6th to 20th-Inter'l Fed. Christian Workers' Conv., Siloam Springs, Ark. 7th to 14th-Reformed Church Missionary Conference, Collegeville, Pa. 11th to 20th-Christian and Missionary Alliance Conf., Lancaster, Fa. 12th to 18th-Woman's Summer Sch. of Home Missions, Chautauqua, N. Y. 14th to 19th-Gospel Mission Workers' Conference, Stony Brook, N. Y. 14th to 21st-Reformed Church Missionary Conference, Collegeville, Pa. 15th to 17th-Christian Workers' League Conference, Winona Lake, Ind. 15th to 20th-Reformed Church Missionay Conference, Palisades, Iowa. 18th to 27th-Christian and Missionary Alliance Conf., Cleveland, O. 19th to 27th-Reformed Church Missionary Conference, Plymouth, Wis. 20th to 27th-Woman's Summer School of Foreign Miss., Chautauqua, N. Y. 20th to 27th-Ministers' and Christian Workers' Conf., Chautauqua, N. Y. 22d to Sept. 1st-Y. W. C. A. Student Summer Conf., Lake Geneva, Wis. 22d to Sept. Ist-Y. W. C. A. Student Summer Conf., Estes Park, Colo. 23d to 25th-Conference of Evangelists, Winona Lake, Ind. 30th to Sept. 3d-Reformed Church Missionary Con£., Indianapolis, .Ind.

SEPTEMBER 2d-Anniversary of arrival of Vhitman and Spaulding, at Walla WalIa, 1836. 6th to 11th-National Baptist Convention, Savannah, Ga. 30th-Anniversary of ordination of Robert Moffat and John Williams, 1816.

OCTOBER 13th to 18th-Foreign Christian Missionary Society Conv., Des Moines, Ia. 17th to 20th-American Missionary Association Conf., Minneapolis, Minn. 18th-The 100th anniversary sailing of Robert Moffat for Africa, 1816. 26th-The 190th anniversary of birth of Christian Frederick Schwartz, 1726. 28th-The 25th anniversary of death of Madame CoiIIard, 1891.

WU TING FA NG AND THE HON. LONG SHAO YI, WHO IN

NEGOTIATED THE PEACE WHICH MADE CHINA A REPUBLIC

New Conditions In

BY C. T. W.NG, SHANGHAI, CHINA Wang Cheng-Ting (C. T. Wang) studied in the Peiyang University, I895 to I90o, and v. as later a teacher in the Anglo-Chinese College in Tientsin and headmaster at the Changsha High School. He became secretary of the Y. M. C. A. at Tokio and afteri1.ard studied law for three years in America. He became General (now President) Li Yuan-hung's Chief of Diplomatic affairs at Wuchang, and Vice Minister of Commerce and Industry in the first Republican Cabinet. He was vice-speaker of the first senate of the Republic. Recently he 'l( as elected one of the national secretaries of the Young jJ{en's Chris- tian Association of China, but has since resigned at the request of President Li in order that he may reorganize the National Senate. He "ill probably be elected speaker. (See frontispiece for portrait.) -EDITOR.

HE out~tanding problem a democratic form of local gov- ernment. Mors.e once said that mT before the nation to- China is a democracy with a mon- day is undoubtedly the archy superimposed upon it. He political situation. The meant that at heart the Chinese Monarchists r a i sed people have always been democratic, , • their voices last win- altho the central government for two thousand years has had the apter to advocate a return to the mon~ pearance of a monarchy.

archy as the only thing to save The form of government that is best suited to a country depends China, and the country was immedi- largely upon two factors: The char- acteristics of the people and the cirately thrown into confusion. The cumstances in which the country may find itself. In the first place, the Chirevolt spread in the southern and nese are by nature a democratic peo- ple, as is freely acknowledged by all western provinces and the majority impartial Western observets.

of the people tacitly gave their sup- The other factor in making China a republic appeared when the totport to the Republicans. The pro- tering Manchu regime was brought to an end by the revolution of 191 1. test gained so rapidly that even the The Manchus must g(}-was the ver- dict of the nation. No other royal Monarchists had to admit that they house could be substituted. The leaders of 191 I had no other recould not force such a system of course but to convert China into a republic. To suddenly expand a government upon the Chinese people. local form of democratic government The sudden death of Yuan Shih Kai has apparently put an end to the thought of a monarchy for China, tho many people in the West have the idea that for China, where education has been so greatly ne- glected, the best thing would be a limited monarchy. They do not understand the real feelings of the Chinese people. From time imme- morial our people have been under

into one for the whole nation, with house by the survival of the fittest? a population of 400,000,000 and an Humanity would not countenance area of 4,000,000 square miles, is such foolhardy and unnecessary recognized as too bold a step. A lim- bloodshed. The leaders of 191 I " in choosing the lesser of two evils de- cided to convert the old empire into a modern republic, but they were not unaware of the innumerable dif- ficulties that must be faced.

PRESIDENT LI YUAN HUNG The New Education Li Yuan Hung is an earnest – Repubtican and is While, therefore, the central ques- popular with the army. He has spoken" highly tion before the nation to-day is that of Christian influence iIi China. of politics, yet a large number of the educated people turn their attention to ited monarchy might have been more a still greater dynamic force, namely, expedient, but such a plan is met that of education. The educated at once with two unsurmountable thinkers of China understand that difficulties. First, there is no royal the progress of a nation does not house of the Chinese blood" in ex'- depend upon the form of governistence. Each sllcceeding dynasty did ment. There is little difference beits work so thoroughly as to pre- tween England and the United clude the existence of any living States of America, and yet one is lineal descendant of the preceding a monarchy and the other a repubroyal house. lic. Or again, compare Mexico with the United States: Both are repub- The second is a corollary to the lics, but what a great difference befirst: Inasmuch as there is no royal tween them! No nation can be house in existence, should the lead- wisely and properly ruled until the ers be allowed to resort to the old people have become enlightened. practise of carrying on internecine 'Vith an intelligent people, many of warfare so as tQ establisp a royal the present political evils will be rectified in natural course. As our veteran statesman Chang Chih Tung has said, the real hope of China lies in education. With that in view they have been making steady prog- ress in the way of bringing edu- cation to the masses.

The Christian missions in China have made a real and lasting con- tribution to this educational work for the nation. The mission schools throughout the country have led the way and in many cases have been the cradle of the modern Chinese

16] THE NEW CONDITIONS IN CHINA 57

DR. T. H. LEE . CHANG POLING PresI4e.it.t .of the Fu-tan ~oJ.1ege, Shanghai I:re~jdent of Nankai 1-lid?1e School, Tien tsin HON._ WE~ SHIH:TSEN _ DR. Y. L. TSt:R Commissioner of Foreign· Affairs, Chekiang President of Tsing Rua College, the American Provin'Ce Indemnity University in Peking SOME CHRISTl.<N MAKERS OF NEW CHINA

MODERN BASKET BALL AMONG IH .c STUDENTS OF TRUTH HALL, PEKING educationalists. It is largely through Weakneases in Mission Schools the work of these institutions that modern education has been intro- It would be well for the mission duced into China. To-day, how- boards and missionaries to notice ever, their facilities for education and correct certain weaknesses in are too limited, for they can accom- their present system. First, the modate but a fraction of those who poor quality of Chinese scholarship wish an education. and second, the lack of industrial education. The mission schools have also produced students well known for Most of the mission schools have their strength of character and high either laid emphasis on a foreign purpose in life. In all the political language so that the schools are upheavals people have a good op- conducted in English with Chinese portunity of watching the students only as one of the subjects, or else that come into power. They find no English is taught at all. The that those students who through their first has an advantage over the sectouch with the mission schools have ond in that, with a knowledge of a embraced the real spirit of love and foreign language at their disposal, sacrifice of Jesus Christ are the ones the students naturally have an adthat can best be trusted. Since the vantage over those who can only revolution of 19IIa large number of receive the benefit of modern edu- Christians have been appointed to catiol1 through translated works. important positions in the government as well as in educational 111- The medium of instruction should stitutions. be in the mother tongue of the students, but one foreign language, preferably English, should be taught

THE NEW CONDITIONS IN CHINA

in the middle (high) schools, and would open the door to all knowlone or two more foreign languages edge, wealth and power." (Italics in the colleges. It is ridiculous to say ours.) that the nation must be taught a foreign language before it can secure With regard to industrial educathe benefit of modern education. tion, there are very many among the ranks of missionaries who do not Bishop H. J. Molony in his paper realize the value of this form of education in meeting the needs of read before the East China Edu- the nation. Most of them have the cational Association in Shanghai, genuine conviction that what China sounded a timely note of warning needs to-day is spiritual enlightenon this point: "It is doubtless worth ment, and that they come here to while for a few students in our China in order to propagate the universities (that is those conducted teachings of Jesus Christ and not by the missions) to sacrifice even to be entangled with other material their own language in order to ob- and worldly obj ects. tain efficiency in modern subjects, but China is deeply attached to her mag- There is no question but that nificent language and will greatly what China needs uppermost is blame us if we allow large numbers Christ. But at the same time we to grJJW up having acquired no taste should bear in mind that Christ for the beauties of Chinese, because Himself also looked after the physical we let them hope that a little English welfare of the men and women with A CATHOLIC INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FOR THE BLIND, IN SHANGHAI

whom He lived. To enable Chris~ cost; they set their hearts upon tianity to spread .in China, we must doing it in. the face of great oppo- first of all set the hearts of. the sition and at sacrifice of. a great Christians in China on fire that source of revenue. .We even. find they may go out and spend them~ that while =-,on-Chi-istian China is selves for their Master; but at the stretching every nerve to suppress same time they must be provided this evil! one so-called Christian with means that will enable them nation constitutes our real oppo- to bring the Gospel to their fellow- nent.

men. Other. social reforms have also No movement can be made indige- been stimulated in recent years.

nous unless two conditions are. ful- Foot binding is rapidly. deer-easIng.

filled. First, we must have. men In fact the influence of natural and women chosen of God who will feet is so great to-day that we often surrender themselves as living sacri- find that women with small feet will fices. Second, there must. be means like to appear as having natural provided for them and for the feet. Twenty years ago )Vomen with work which they haveuridertakeri. la.rge feet would want to appear To meet only the spiritual .needs a's having small ones.

without also providing' for the phy- . There is also a great awakening sical needs is unpractical. That a an the importance of physical edu- man lives is due to the fact that the catioii. The Far Eastern Champion- soul has a. body for a house. The ship Games conducted in Shanghai mission schools have therefore two in May, 1915, gave us a glimpse of functions to perform; one is to put the real interest that the people have before the student the life-giving, now in matters of physical culture.

sin-purifying and soul-uplifting and Two or three decades ago it would energizing Jesus, and the other is to have been considered as beneath their give him such training as to enable dignity for students to take off their him to be a useful member in so- long gowns and indulge in a game ciety. of football or tennis. Nowadays sons The mission schools are beginning of well-known families take as keen to lay emphasis on industrial educa- an interest in athletics as :10 young tion. This is an encouraging indica- . men of other countries.

tion of the awakening of the missions . The Gibraltar of China to the importance of this action. The most wonderful development The Social Reforms inl'1e last decade, I believe, is the Another thing that encourages us breaking down of the so-called is the social reform. The work "Gibraltar of China," namely, the done along this line has received winning over of the educated Chinese warm praise from the world. The by the Christian forces. Before opium suppression is an outstanding 1900 the whole church of China example of the moral strength of could not claim among its members the Chinese people. When they came any prominent official or scholar.

to realize that opium is an evil and The rank and file of the Christian that it must be eradicated at any 1;>o<;1y . bel0!1ged to the humble and

NEW CONDITIONS iN CHINA

ignorant classes. The missions, of As China advances along these course, have done good work in different lines the position of the giving education to the poor, but missionary must be shifted somethey could not get the ears of the lit- what. Hitherto he has been the erati. Comparing that with the pres- pioneer. He has had to do pracent, we can hardly believe ourselves. tically every form of Christian work Only last year Mr. C. C. Nieh, a by himself. Now with the number grandson of the well-known Marquis of Chinese Christians growing and Tseng Kuo-fan, was baptized with with their standing educationally, so- A PROCESSION IN CANTON IN CELEBRATION OF THE SUPPRESSION OF GAMBLING his mother and wife. Officials now cai1!y and spiritually being constantly holding prominent positions in the rais.ed, the place of .the missionary country, such as the Vice-Minister of Agriculture and Industry, the will· be more and· more that of ad- Commissioner of Foreign Affairs in Hangchow and the Salt Commis- viser, counselor and teacher. We sioner in Fukien, have become Chris- need the help of the missionaries tians within the last year or two. as much as ever; we need men from That they come out definitely for the West who have experience in Christ shows the place where Chris- mission· problems, who can counsel tianity has made its influence felt. and inspire the native Christians and From this time on the Church will who can in a quiet way mold the find its footing among the literati. character of the Chinese workers and help devise plans for the greater advancement of the Church in China.

Forces That Win * .J

BY ROBERT E. SPEER, D.D., NEW YORK ~e HRISTIANITY is fac- ask Him to replace them for us. God ing afresh to-day the means to use all these, but our suffi- ciency can not be in any of these . same perilous tempta- things; and we shall do very ill if we do not raise our minds from all tion to which she has these things, and let them rest on Him who is our only sufficiency, even God. succumbed more than No money, no men, no spiritual . once in her history-a power of ours, no latent and buried capacities that come from them, will temptation which our Lord faced, and be of any avail to us unless all these are held and used by the great hands over which He triumphed in the wil- of God. Our sufficiency is in Him. After all, is that not just what religderness. It is the temptation to achieve ion is, the binding back of human life .into God, the thought of God absorba nominal sovereignty over life at the ing and overshadowing and control- ling everything else? price of the surrender of her absolute Our latent spiritual resources are moral judgments, and an abatement of not anything locked up inside our- selves, but all that awaits us in the her supernatural claims. The world great areas of God. God alone will ever prove our sufficient motive. 'The is ready to recognize Christianity, love of God! It will carry us where it carried David Livingstone, where it provided Christianity is willing to be must carry any man, beyond all the power of all lesser motives. The will something else than itself. of God that is the very rule and law of our lives, and we are in danger of los- This temptation does not lie only ing it in these softer days, and under our new educational psychology. on the outer fringes of Christianity, . How differently we should have to read some of our Lord's great saynor does it speak only to its compro- ings if we interpreted them into the contemporary vernacular on which mised tendencies; it is temptation that in dealing with children we rely to- day. is very near to us, and that we face "Wist ye not that it is quite interevery day as we go forward in this esting to me to be about my Father's bl1sin~ss." missionary undertaking: The tempta- "It is of great interest to me to tion to think of our resources on a humctnized basis, to leave out as much of the supernatural as we can. We do not fail to think of the dormant spiri- tual capacities, the buried and latent energies within the Church, the possi- bilities of fellowship, and of prayer, but it is on the level of a broad, natur- alistic psychology that we deal for the most part even with these spiritual resources on which we feel we must rely if we are to compass this task.

God means to use these natural re- sources-so dangerous a thing as money, the lives of men, all these un- developed possibilities that are locked up within our lives. He asks us to use them, and we have no right to "From an address delivered at the Laymen's Congress of Missions, Washington, D. C. work the works of Him that sent me ing at home these great, slumbering while it is day, for the night is com- resources that are in the hands of ing." Christians; the problem of unifying "I am interested in preaching the Christ's Church here and around the kingdom of God in other cities also, world; the problem of calling all for therefore was I sent." these jarring and discordant races of "I am interested in going to J eru- men the fellowship of the family of salem to die." God. There is no wisdom in us for Ah! the old is better: these problems. "God is wisdom. God "Wist ye not that I must be about is Love"; and only as He is our suffi- my Father's business." ciency will we have the spiritual re- "I must work the works of Him source that we need in order to cope that sent me while it is day, for the with the problems that face us to-day.

night is coming." God is also our one adequate re- "I must preach the kingdom of source, on which we can absolutely God in other cities also, for therefore rely. We can not rely upon our- was I sent." selves; we can not rely upon one an- "I must go to Jerusalem to die." other. Much as each of us wishes to We need to get back again into our be loyal to the others, there is only life, and into all our thought, in this One on whom we can surely rely; missionary undertaking-the iron con- in Whose power we can completely ception of the will of God. trust; Whose strength is rich and As the most of us live we find that sufficient and will not fail. God is a the main motive is not the love and the sufficient resource for us. All the will of God alone, but in the very men in all the armies of Europe, and thought of Him as having set us this all the billions of money that we and task, and watching us as we go about other nations have been throwing its fulfilling. away-all those piled together are not We need the resources of wisdom as much without God as one man, as we set out in this undertaking. penniless, with Him. ONE came It is no simple project that we have down to earth and walked to and fro taken in hand. What man knows with men years ago. He never could 'how to deal with the soul? A child have received a maj ority vote. "He of the same God whom we call came to His own and His own re- Father, but of a different race, a dif- ceived Him not." The world that He ferent inheritance, a different environ- came to save raised Him up on a cross ment, who knows how to deal with and slew Him. Alone He was, and that soul? yet by that sign He conquers.

Think over the problems that we God is our only and sufficient must solve in this undertaking, and power. The trouble with us is that the problems of building up in these we are relying on other things. W l movements a living church that shall are bidding one another to be wise be no copy of what we at home have according to the children of the been enabled to reproduce, but shall world. Weare singing to idols in be a freshly reality in the love of God. the name of God-the energies that Then there is the problem of awaken- men use because they have no God

to rely upon-instead of depending We must come back to the Gospel, absolutely and completely upon Him! to the faith in God that Jesus Christ brought, and that He would have us God is not only our sufficient mo- take as we go forth. Our sufficiency tive in wisdom and power, He is our is in Him. Let the other things company also. We may not need slip out of our field of vision for these millions of men, if only we have a time-the $188,000,000,000 of our God. The Wesleys gathered many national wealth-millstones around our neck-and the g:-eat multitudes men around them, but as John Wesley of men, are nothing save as each stands with God–Iet them just slip lay dying, that was not the best to him. out of our thoughts for the moment, "The best of all is that God is with while we think of and .believe in God. us." That is the secret of the power of the Lord. "I am alone, and yet A little while ago, coming down not alone, for He that sent me is on the railroad from Dobbs Ferry, with me." We have that fellowship, with a 'friend, we passed suddenly and it is enough. Many of ua feel from the radiant light of the sun, very much alone, and find it no easy going down in a great sea of gold and thing to share with other men the con- saffron glory behind the Palisades, viction and the purposes that stir our and plunged into the darkness of the hearts. tunnel. Then in the darkness the friend at my side began to recite the Lastly, God is not only our motive lines of Whitehead. "The Second Day and our wisdom and our power of Creation": and our society. God, and only God, is the sure confidence of our I gaze aloof at the tissued roof victory. What He began He will Where time and space are the warp complete. Surely He has strange methods-different from any that we and woof, would have used. His processes go Which the Kings of Kings, like a curbeyond our understanding, but we may be sure that God is not going tain flings, to be defeated in the end; that the O'er the dreadfulness of eternal things. thing He began He is going to But if I could see, as in truth they be, carry through until His purpose shall The glories that encircle me, have been accomplished and His Son I should lightly hold this tissued fold shall receive the crown. With its marvelous curtain of blue and God is the sure hope and confi- gold; dence of our victory. Let us put For soon the whole, like a parched scroll, our trust in Him-not in crowds, Shall before my amazed eyes unroll, nor in popularity, nor in great tumultuous movements of men. Has And without· a screen at one burst be God ever been in these? Has He seen not always been in the still small voice, and the little child, and the The presence in which I have always lonely prophet, and the faithful soul been. that was not drawn by any great tide of multitude, but that rested in In that Presence let us live and God? work, so that God may be to every one of us the great reality, our suf- ficiency.

MRRIER CAN BE ~ATTERED

A CHART PREPARED BY MISS EOITH P. THOMSON AND MISS BERTHA FORBES BENNETT, FOR THE MISSION TEXTBOOK HOLD SPAIN IN NEW AMERICA Misunderstood Mexico * BY MRS. WILLIAM WALLACE, MEXICO CITY Missionary of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A.

Isaiah 54: II and I3. Mexico, "Othoit afflicted one, tossed with tempest and not comforted, behold I witt la-y thy stones nith fair colors and lay thy, foundations with sapphires-And all thy children shall be taught of the Lord and great shall be the peace of thy children."

Also Acts I6: IO. "And after he had seen the vision, .immediately Ke endeavored to go unto Macedonia, assuredly gathering that the Lord had called us for to preach the gospel unto them."

~, B. '.' EAUTIFUL, wond~rful MexicQ one must more than cross the old Mexico, our near- imaginary line or the river. Your prejudice will take to 'its legs when . est foreign mIssIon you get into the heart of Mexico and the soul of the Mexican people. . field, which is sepa- But you must, go farther than Tia Juana or New Laredo, Nogales or . ' ..,:. rated from the United Ciudad Juarez, to see the real Mex~ ico or the real Mexican. There are , States by nothing but too many long American race. courses, too much bad United States whisky, an imaginary line 2,000 miles long, too numerous terrible gambling holes and other dens of iniquity, too many the Rio Grande, and prejudice, A vices and too few virtues in the bor~ der towns to see Mexico or Mexican~ fascipating country and people under at their best.

our very noses, but as little known and understood by the average Amer- ican a,s is the country of th~ Grand Lama (Tibet). Do you realize that Mexicans are Americans like our- s~lves and North Ameriqm~ at that?

In order properly to undedrstand * An address delivered at the a·nnua1 meeting of the Occidental Board of the Presbyterian Church, in San Francisco, California. Forwarded by courtesy of Rev. Rems,en, Professor of Church History in San FraRcisco Theological Seminary.

Mexico is a huge everything in border, tho Washington tried to physical and general characteristics. make it very clear that the expedition All kinds of climate, all kinds of was merely to run down a bandit who products, all kinds of scenery, and all had invaded United States territory.

kinds of people. These varieties de- Dollars and soldiers by the thousand pend upon latitute, longitude and alti- per day are spent to hunt for a tude. Chilpancingo and Chihuahua are little needle in a great big Mexican as different as EI Paso and New hay stack. "Villa dead or alive"

York. A Guerrero Indian and a Mex- was the slogan! Our small mission- ican City gentleman are as much alike ary army, feeble as we are in Mex- as a Bostonian and a Texan cow- ico, could eliminate every bandit in boy. The Yucatecos and Tabasquefi- a decade on half the expenditure of ians are a species by themselves just money and men, and we could take as native Californians and Yankees all the bandits alive too.

are different. We must not general- Converted or Killed ize in regard to Mexico from too few particulars. How much better it would be to Anyone who understands the land see Villa "converted" than killed. If and the people at all must confess it is necessary to hunt him down that Mexico has been crusht, op- we hope and pray that United States prest and' miserably treated since authorities may act like Christians.

the days of Cortez. Spain, France But what a waste of good money and the United States of America it seems to use it in killing men.

have each given her a whack in There is such a great lleed for schools his own brutal way and for his of all kinds, primary, high, industrial, own ungodly gains. Soldiers of agricultural, for Mexico. We need fortune of many nations have gone medical missionaries and all other to Mexico to exploit her for their kinds, hospitals, nurses. Hardly a own selfish ends, taking all they cent is going Mexico-ward for any could get, and giving, or leaving, of these things while thousands of little in return. They have not dollars pour over to bring poor, even left an impress of good man- ignorant Villa to a murderer's end.

ners or good morals or pleasant Villa is typical of our heathenish memories. neglect of the Mexican people. A Not long ago, Mexico was nearly friend of Villa gave an incident of as large as the United States. Little him not long ago in Palo Alto. A by little (the Mexicans say poco a Mexican mother out in the mountains poco) slices have been carved off. of Villa's country was trying to hush California and Texas, Colorado and her hungry baby to sleep. The Utah, Nevada and Oklahoma, New child was fretting and crying until Mexico and Arizona and once upon the mother could endure no longer a time, quite a chunk of Wyoming when she said, "Hush little one, cry and Kansas belonged to Mexico. no longer. Don Pancho will soon How very strange that Mexico come and bring bread to his chil- should be at all suspicious when dren." What a power such a ban- the United States troops crossed the dit might be, with that tender heart

16] .MISUNDERSTOOD

and with his unquestionable leader- we remember that we are in the ship if only he as a little child had best sense Mexico's keeper? Do we heard the Savior's "Suffer the little feel that it is a waste of time to children to come unto me," or if he help our nearest neighbor? Is our himself had been led in the Way faith in Mexico and her opprest Everlasting. masses so strong that it is contagious, Villa's mountains have been where or is it weak and ineffective? Do we they are ever since the United States believe that all men, even Mexican began to exist. Villa has roamed over peons, were created free and equal?

those mountain tops ever since he Or do we in unholy self-conceit think our own dear baby worth six of Mexico's less favored little ones but still precious in His sight?

However we may feel, or even if we don't feel at all, the Mexican situation has come to such a pass that we must face it. Not much longer can we sit on the fence and wonder who is trying to be President of Mexico this morning. The Mexi~ can Peril affects the United States more than the Yellow Peril ever has or will affect us. The Rio Grande is narrower than the Pacific Ocean and imaginary lines and prejudices are slim barriers of defense. Mex- ico is smashing crockery and commit- ting crime at our back doors and we can not, in self defense, if for no THE ONLY GOD SOME MEXICANS KNOW more noble motive, ignore her dis- turbing performances any longer. As OUf Lord of the Poison-An Image worshipped as a nation we must have peace in the Black Christ in Mexico.

Mexico that we may have it within was born, but like most of Mexico's our own gates.

mountain tops, there are no schools What Shall We Do? there, no teachers, no one to point out the Way, the Truth, and the Now what is the Church 111 the Life. More hopeless still, no one United States going to do about it?

seems particularly anxious to handle The Government may send soldiers the Mexican situation in that way. to Mexico till doomsday and smooth Once upon a time there was a matters over on the outside by mere .wise philanthropist who in times of force but the inner state of Mexico famine would vote for nothing but will be as bad as ever. How quickly a supply of toothpicks. Are not we would resent it, if England or our efforts in behalf of Mexico some- France or Germany were to send what of the foothpick variety? Do even missionaries to Mexico. It

would be almost as objectionable as all in religion, but it is his country, sending. battleships and soldiers. his church, his people, all of which Why! there is a Monroe Doctrine he understands and knows through at Washington! Mexico is a Chris~ and through, far better than we can tian nation, nominally, at least, and ever hope to know them. Whatever is the special protege of the United mistakes Carranza is making, he States. Meantime we sit, Christians shows most excellent judgment in his that we are, like dogs in a manger, choice of men for prominent political while Mexico is perishing for what positions. A number of these men we could give her with hardly any are Protestants, not in name only, but sacrifice. are leading earnest, active, Christian Mexico's saints and idols are being lives. True democracy and Protes- shattered and who will fill those tant Christianity go hand in hand.

vacant niches with better things if Carranza is working for a democracy the Christian people of the United and Mexico is bound to have Protes- States do not supply their places? tant Christianity when she becomes a Listen to this statement from one true democracy. The present minis- of the missionaries now on the field: ter of education in Mexico (Prof.

"Last week the great aristocratic Andres Osuna) was educated for a church of Merida was swept clean Methodist minister. In all Mexico of its idols and turned over to· the the Carranza Government could Students' League of Yucatan for its hardly have found a better man or assembly room. A certain Mexican a more capable one to grapple with whose hands were still covered with Mexico's educational problems.

the dust of the idols he had been The Superintendent of Schools of helping to smash said to a friend the State of Guanajuato is a graduate of mine, 'We saved a few images of the Presbyterian Theological Sem- which we are going to take to the inary at Coyoacan arid later of Wash- public schools and standing them Uj) ington and Jefferson College, Penn- before the children say, 'There you sylvania. English' has been substi- see what a saint looks like and now tuted for French in the schools of you see how he can be destroyed.' Guanajuato. When Mexico and the Then with a hammer the image will United States speak a common lan- be pounded to pieces before the eyes guage there may be fewer misunder- of the children.''' standings.

We can not be 'responsible now for Another Presbyterian is at the either the worship or the desecra- head of the technical schools. An- tion. It is too late. But we can and other has gone about the country will be responsible to God for Mexico explaining to the people the propa- if we put nothing in place of those ganda of the Carranzistas or "Con- smashed images. stitutionalists" as they call them- Gen. Carranza is bitterly opposed selves. A Protestant is Superinten- to the Roman Catholic Church which dent of the Hidalgo State Schools.

,has' held sway in his country for Another is on Carranza's staff, and three centuries. We do not approve many others are in positions, of of hittetness in anytbUrg,. least of influence.

MISUNDERSTOOD

Carranza's ¥inister of Finance is when he sees him, be he Catholic or a Roman Catholic but a very liberal Protestant. It seems as if Presione. His home is across the street dent Carranza must come out right from the Presbyterian San Angel when he has so many good men Girls' School. He is a broad-minded, back of him. well-educated man. He is a lawyer and has read the Bible, and has In the meantime Mexico's people traveled. Carranza chose well his are starving. They are in somewhat financial as well as his educational the same plight as the people of the minister. United States were after the Civil War before the Reconstruction Pe- Here is a translation of a letter riod set in. Mexico's masses in which Carranza's minister wrote to prosperous time.s have not a great a Protestant friend in appreciation abundance and at the close of five of a Bible which the friend hat! years of continuous revolution their given him: case is pitiful. We often wonder My Esteemed Friend: Vera Cruz, March 23, I9I6 I am not going to aCkn07( ledge your fine regard, shown by the personal gift of a Bible, with a verbal expression of my appreciation; and so I am going to express myself in z( riting. The Bible is the book of all the ages, of all nations and all men and no literary education can be conceived which does not put the Bible at the very foundation of the classic studies as one of the chief Z( orks of reference and inspiration.

In my opinion even in the life of a civilian or soldier, most exposed to vicissitudes during this revolutionary epoch, the Bible should be one of the books never Ranting ill his equipage.

In my private library I have a great variety of copies of this Book and especially an edition of Rodriques de San Miguel with a Latin-Spanish text in parallel columns. This perhaps is the editon 1 have most frequently read. In the actual circumstances in "hich 1 find myself I dOll't '1( ish so large an edition and I u auld have been satisfied with quite a cheap copy.

The one you have had the kindness to send me is highly appreciated, not only on account of the book itself but owing especially to the circumstancethat it is the best edition of a small size. This fact guarantees its being kept at hand among the very few books for constant ttsc.

Plcase allow me to I'eiterate to you my gratitude and express my constant esteem as Your affectionate friend and your most attentive servant, Signed. ………………………. .

There are scores of Protestants if as many people have actually who are serving their country in starved to death in Europe as in various capacities, and General Car- Mexico during these horrible days. Last August in Mexico City corpses ranzacertainly knows a good man

of women who had starved to death As to Mexico'. Future were being carried through the Let us bury deep the dead past streets. One of our students counted and cheer up. We can not undo twelve in one procession. Vomen with what we have done, much less can dead babies in their arms went about we undo what we have not done looking for a place to throwaway for these near and needy ones. Char- their little starved bodies. Better class ity may begin at home, but it should women who had some money could not stay there. The Cincinnati Con- not buy food because there was none ference of missionary leaders in 1914, to buy. Five hundred were re- filled Mexico missionaries with fresh ported as dying daily in the Capital hope, new courage, unbounded en- alone. thusiasm and genuine inspiration.

The money question also is in This conference changed the whole a terrible state. Exchange at last Mexican missionary map for all reports was 70 to I, that is one churches that did not refuse to co- dollar of United States currency operate. At Stanford University, brought in seventy Mexican dollars. Mary Antin defined cooperation as We sent over $265 last fall and it "working with the other fellow with- brought 4,000 pesos. Those 4,000 out squabbling." We have agreed to pesos outrivaled the Zarephath wid- cooperate in Mexico (having done ow's cruise of oil. One hundred pesos our squabbling beforehand). The kept seventy babies alive for five world is growing too small for any days. Another 100 aided 68 people. church or individual to plod along Some was used to help typhus vic- alone much longer. To quote a fine- tims (there have been 30,000 cases spirited California rector, his of typhus in Mexico City at one Church's day of solitary cooperation time). Fifty pesos set one poor is about over. He said, "If our widow up in business so that she Church doesn't soon come to its could keep her children from starva- senses on cooperation, something is tion. A sick woman was sent to going to happen." He did not say the hospital, a boy clothed sufficiently what, only looked fierce, as if it to enable him to hunt and get work. might be a "squabble!" The Panama We have all had to make a dollar Congress in April took a stride for- do the work of two at one time or ward on cooperation.

another in our career, but never did Mexico's troubles and trials seem $265 swell to such enormous propor- almost more than we can bear. Her tions. If Mexico had received one- woes and sorrows are almost too heavy half of what had been sent to Bel- a burden. May Mexico soon have gium, or to the Jews of Europe or peace and may the evangelical Chris- to the Armenians, she would be fed tian forces work together to estab- for years to come, for if any human lish righteousness and knowledge, being can subsist on next to nothing, love and a high plane of living that being lives in Mexico. throughout the land.

Forces In

SOME IMPRESSIONS OF THE NEAR EAST CRISIS BY A MISSIONARY IN URUMIA DURING THE MASSACRES 0TH Turkey and Rus- Turks, but ·other Persians did not. It has not been possible for Turkey eBJ~ sia have treat:d north- to spare many soldiers for a Persian western PersIa as a campaIgn. necessary part of their ~ mil ita r y operations, Russia, on the other hand, imme- even before the war diately undertook the invasion of Arbegan. Ten years ago Turkish menia, one road leading through troops ej ected the Persians from a Khoi to Van. Persian neutrality strip of territory along the fron- counted for nothing with either side. tier and occupied it until 1912. The domestic troubles of Persia, due to During the last days of December, the constitutionalist movement, which 1914, the military situation in Transbegan in 1905, gave the occasion for caucasia and a reverse of Persians the sending of Russian troops to and Russians by Turks and Kurds Persia, and at the beginning of the at the southern end of Lake Urumia present war Russia was in military led to orders for the withdrawal of occupation of Urumia, Khoi, Tabriz all Russian forces from northern and other places. The first actual Persia. 'Khoi was never evacuated, hostilities between Russian and Turk- but Tabriz, Marajha, Urumia and ish troops took place on Persian soil. Salmas were evacuated. In a few A month before war between the two days these places were in the posgovernments was declared, Turkish session of Turkish military officers troops disguised as Kurds, and ac- at the head of a large number of companied by Kurds, attacked the Kurdish irregulars and some three City of Urumia, which was occupied or four thousand Turkish regulars. by the Russians. Immediately the whole Christian population was in peril and plunder- Meantime influences were at work ing and massacre began. The Perto prepare the Kurds on Persian sian authorities fled with the Rusas well as Turkish soil to join in sian troops, except in Tabriz, where, the expected jehad. This was easy, largely through the efforts of the as the Kurds are Sunni Mohammed- American Consul, Hon. Gordon Padans. A similar propaganda among dock, there was no massacre or genthe Shiah Persians was less success- eral looting of Christian property. ful. When the war actually began All Christians were obliged to take and jehad was proclaimed, troubles refuge in the American Mission multiplied. Turkish plans contem- compound for a few weeks, during plated a general rising of Persians which the Turks held the city. In on their behalf, and the sending to Salmas the Turks remained for over Persia of large forces. The Kurds two months, and in U rumia for with few exceptions joined the nearly five months.

The mass of Christians in Salmas some definitely enlisted in the Turk- fled with the Russian troops. The ish military service. The green ban- villages of this plain were looted, ner of Islam was clear evidence that and over seven hundred of those who this was a jehad.

remained, mostly old men, women The only voice raised openly in and children, were massacred by the defense of these people was that of Turks. There were not far from the American missionaries. The pro- thirty-five thousand Christians, As- tction, housing and feeding of these syrian and Armenian, in the U rumia thousands for months, cut off from district. Ten thousand of these fled the outside world, without official with the Russians and the remainder status and without the use of force, were driven from their homes, the with repeated evidence of the reality large majority for the whole time of the perils that terrorized our pro- of Turkish occupation. Some found teges, crowded into brief weeks such refuge with Moslem and Jewish responsibilities and sorrows as a long friends, about three thousand were lifetime seldom brings. It required in the French Roman Catholic Mis- continual and intense contact of mis- sion, and the remainder, not less than sionaries, Christians and Mohammed- seventeen thousand, found shelter ans, such as ordinary missionary under the American flag in the prem- work would never involve.

ises of the American Mission. The As one of the few missionaries number killed was over one thou- who were not compelled by typhus sand, and at least four thousand or typhoid to cease work, and as the died of disease consequent on the missionary specially charged with the crowded and unsanitary quarters. responsibility for securing protection, Thus, one-fifth of the Christian popu- I had constant dealings with Mo- lation of the district perished in five hammedans of every position in life months, when there was no battle. and every sort of character: Persfan~, The cruel crimes against women Kurds and Turks. Out of that ex- can not be recorded; but hundreds perience I would speak.

suffered violation, and over two hundred Christian girls and women Friendly Moslems were carried off as captives. Every The Moslems were by no means Christian family suffered loss in united in their sympathy with mas- goods, destruction of houses and life, sacre, and one prominent Mullah while many houses were almost com- urged on his followers that even pletely ruined The Christian quar- to share in the plunder was unlaw- ters in Urumia suffered little, but ful. Many helped individual Chris- those outside the walls were de- tians, hundreds of whom were stroyed. The Moslem population brought in to us from the villages.

suffered very little direct molestation, A Kurdish chief sent in eleven girls tho the indirect loss to the com- who were being carried off by an- munity was universal. other chief. One petty Persian of- The persons guilty of these crimes ficial was in constant communication were the mob of Mohammedan vil- with me all the time as to pro- lagers and city people, Kurds and tection for the people of his village.

16] OPPOSING FORCES IN

Through the Persian governor we numbers added anything to military were able to secure the return of efficiency. The Turks complained many captive girls and women to that the Kurds would rob but would their homes. In everything we were not fight, while the Kurds freely dependent on the good will of Mo- confest that they could not face hammedans; for protection, food and modern artillery. Kurdish Sunnites money. enlisted for plunder only, and the In spite of all these things, which Persians Shi'ites were much divided.

I would not minimize, the moral A proclamation authorizing jehad weakness of Islam was clearly mani- was produced, which purported to fest. The natural kindness of hu- emanate from the chief Shi'ite doc- man nature found expression in spite tors of sacred law at 'Kerbala and of some Moslem maxims and texts Nejef, and the local Mullahs were that could be quoted; the effect of compelled to endorse it, some by be- their religion was not to strengthen ing threatened with a loaded pistol.

the better imp:.tlses. Among the Kurds there was little Men also had not the courage to evidence of religious motives. The follow their better impulses in public, men promoting jehad were men tho they might act upon them in never before zealous for Islam, and private. When the villages were be- the combination of alIiance with one ing ruined, people were being mur- Christian nation in holy war against dered and plundered, and everywhere other Christian nations did not savor there was disorder, the most urgent of true faith. So there was not appeals found only two men ready even military efficiency to justify to act vigorously; one a Turkish of- this crime against humanity.

ficer who shot down looters himself, Altho repeated assurances were and the other a young Persian who given by the Turkish officials that made strenuous efforts to protect persons guilty of crimes against Chris- the Christians. tians would be punished, no one was Islam made itself liable to be ever called upon to answer for such judged by the worst that took place acts. More than this, deliberate mas- when it proclaimed jehad. Dr. Pack- sacres of innocent and untried per- ard, the missionary physician, ap- sons were perpetrated by persons in pealed successfully to the Kurdish the Turkish military service. Every- chiefs for the lives of more than thing compelled us to believe that the a thousand imperiled Christians, but persons most guilty Were those who the Kurdish sheikh held under the encouraged and planned these out- green banner the Christian captive rages.

girls, and they were carried off. The underlying motive of all this As a military measure, the jehad was political and military, and the was a failure. It intensified fanati- leaders deliberately made use of re- cism and hatred and so mUltiplied ligious hatred, race division, eco- crimes and misery. It no doubt in- nomic jealousy and other influences creased the number of men who to destroy the Christian population.

swelled the ranks of irregular sol- The standing of the mission in diers, but neither the zeal nor the the community was a great source of

strength. The mission in U rumia is is only remotely related to Islam. If eighty years old. It has always stood Moslems were· disposed to s.coff at for beneficent service, and for com- Christianity because of the war, and mercial integrity, for the Gospel of there are such Moslems, the procla- Jesus Christ in its social effects as mation of jehad and the subsequent well as its personal application. It atrocities have taken away all point has touched the community in im- from the sneer. measurable human ways. Not only the Christians, but Moslems of every One young Turk official argued at sect and race, look to us for help length with me that religion in the in time of need. This history was present time has no force or applia safeguard and the nearer a neigh- cation to life, and that military bor was to us the more he was eager power is the condition of national to help. One far-reaching influence success. This is the prevailing spirit was the gratitude fo!" medical serv- and this spirit can only disintegrate ices. Another was famine relief. religion, even if that religion be Back of all Was the honor given to Islam. The revolt of conscience Christian character and the work we against atrocity may not find public were doing. In their cooler mo- expression and may seem to accomments at least, men do not believe plish little now, but it will certainly in massacring women and robbing have a profound effect. orphans. The Future of Christian Missions The tributes paid to the mIssIonaries by :Moslems were many, and Whatever the political outcome may often were touching. Strangers in be, missions and missionaries will the street would accost me and thank have a stronger position in the comme for our services to the helpless. munity life of the Near East than ever before, Moslems and Christians will The Future of Islam realize that the true Christian spirit is one of courage, sacrifice, service and The political future of Islam and fidelity. For missionaries to stay at of Persia and Turkey is dependent their posts, and to serve in helping 011 the outcome of the war. The in- the wounded, in rescuing captives, in ner aspects of Islam will also be caring for the destitute, and in proaffected. Strenuous attempts have testing against inhumanity is their been made to arouse the spirit simple Christian duty. It is also the of jehad and of Pan-Islamism. wisest Christian strategy. The re- Speeches, ban que t s, pamphlets, sults amply justify the sacrifice. The threats, promises, and terrorism were appeal to the Christian public in all employed, but they failed to America, if it is only clearly underarouse any real religious response. stood, is surely equally irresistible This failure must react and, what- from the humanitarian and missionever the outcome of the war, the ary points of view. If anyone can inner effect will be disintegration. face the future with hope and cour- The best Moslems revolt at the use age, it is the Christian missionary. of Islam in a political cause, which

William F. Oldham, D.D

THE NEWLY-ELECTED METHODIST EPISCOPAL BISHOP FOR SOUTH AMERICA WILLIAM FITZJAMES OLD- time he was a teacher and then be- HAM was born at Bangalore, came a surveyor in the Government servIce. The "Bridge Builder," made December IS, 1854, his father having famous by Kipling, is. young Oldbeen an English officer in the Indian ham. army. His early education was received at Bishop Cotton's Grammar In the revivals conducted by Wil- School, Madras, India, and at the liam Taylor, 1872 to 1875, he was Madras Christian College. For a converted, and under the influence

of Dr. (now Bishop) James M. Tho- torates in America, at Albion, Mich., burn, he decided to give his life to and in Pittsburgh, Pa., he founded missionary work. On September r3, in 1895 a Chair of Missions at Ohio 1875, he was married to Miss Marie Wesleyan University, and was there Augusta Mulligan, at Poona, India, for five years as Professor of Misand, coming to America in 1879, en- sions and Comparative Religions. In tered Allegheny College, and later 1900 he was appointed Assistant Secthe Theological School of Boston Uni- retary of the Missionary Society of versity. the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in May, 1904, was elected Missionary He was admitted to the Methodist Bishop for Southern Asia. Episcopal Conference in 1883 and went to India, the following year, At the General Conference of the inaugurating the work of the Ma- Methodist Episcopal Church in 1912, laysia Methodist Episcopal Mission Dr. Oldham was elected as one of the at Singapore. In February, 1885, he Corresponding Secretaries of the founded the Anglo-Chinese School Board of Foreign Missions, and now at Singapore, which has now an aver- he has been elected Bishop of the age enrolment of 1,075 boys. In Church and has been appointed to the 1889, owing to ill health, Dr. Old- General Superintendency of the work ham was ordered away from the in South America. Bishop Oldham's tropics and returned to America for ability, experience and genial spirit a period of rest. After spending a make him an unusually valuable adfew months in Denver, he accepted a visor and force in any work that pastorate in Albion. After two pas- he undertakes.

World-Wide Work of Methodists SOME STRIKING FACTS ABOUT THE GENERAL CONFERENCE OF THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, IN SARATOGA, MAY 1st TO 29th.

BY THE REV. GEORGE HEBER JONES, D.D., NEW YORK m. TJHE Apostles' Creed was dred delegates representing over four recited in ten different million members of the Methodist Episcopal Church (3,620,47° are full . languages by delegates members; a net increase of 298,310 for the four years). representing that num- The total giving for all purposes ~ ber of language areas during the quadrennium amounted to $158,056,992, an average of nearly -• in which the Methodist $40,000,000 a year. Church and par- sonage properties, net value, $226,- Episcopal Church is organized. There 664,223. Paid for ministerial sup- are thirty-four nations and more than , port, $70,II0,479; paid for buildings seventy languages in which the Gos- and improvements, $33,176,377; for pel is preached by the representatives of the Methodist Episcopal Board of Foreign Missions.

There were more than eight hun-

WORLD-WIDE WORK OF THE METHODISTS 59

missions and benevolences, $17,377,- A strong resolution was adopted in 301, an increase of $2,327,708 over favor of the reading of the Bible in the previous quadrennium; for fOl:- the public schools of all states. A eign missions, $6,3II,26r. The Wom- further resolution was adopted an's Foreign Missionary Society also against the appropriation of public raised $3,776,571, making the total funds for Roman Catholic and other for foreign missions $10,087,832. The sectarian schools among the Indians. per capita giving for foreign missions has, however, been practically The Board of Foreign Missions at a standstill for the past mne was reorganized by making the Board years. representative of all sections of the Church in America, with two corre- The Conference took action look- sponding secretaries and with an exing to the reuniting, at the earliest ecutive Committee of thirty members. possible date, of the two great Ameri- Approval was given to the Cincinnati can Methodist bodies (North and plan for the readjustment of mission- South). It adjourned to meet any ary work in Mexico. A lectureship time at the call of the Bishops for to students of Methodist mission the purpose of considering proposals fields was recommended to be filled from the Southern Church. during the coming quadrennium by Bishop McConnell. A world program was adopted and agencies were established for its The scenes attending the retirement practical realization. The Confer- of Bishop Harris of Japan and Koence was challenged to devise meas- rea, and Bishop Hartzell of Africa ures to meet the greatest crisis that were memorable. In view of the has confronted the Church since the changed conditions in Liberia, Bishop time of our Lord. Scott asked for retirement, which was granted. Bishop Stuntz was trans- Since the centennial of the Mis- ferred from South America to Omasionary Society of the Church will ha. Four new bishops were elected occur in 1919 the years 1918 and for foreign lands. Dr. W. F. Old- 1919 were set aside and the Boards ham, after a successful quadrennium of Foreign Missions and Home Mis- as Corresponding Secretary to the sions were empowered to inaugurate Board of Foreign Missions, was measures to celebrate this missionary elected Bishop for all of South centenary. America, with residence at Buenos Aires. Dr. Herbert Welch, President Probably the highest levels of of Ohio W esleyan University, became fervor were reached in the adoption Bishop of Japan and Korea, with of the report of the Committee on residence in Seoul. North Africa Temperance, Prohibition and Public was made a part of our European Morals, which reaffirmed the principle bishopric. Dr. Alexander P. Cam-. of total abstinence and condemned phor, one of the leaders of Negro the license system as a colossal blun- Methodism, and Dr. Eben S. J ohnder, and the issuance of internal tax son, one of the Recording Secretaries receipts by the Federal Government of the General Conference, were to "criminals violating the state laws" elected Missionary Bishops of Africa, as shocking to all sense of moral de- residing in Liberia and Rhodesia. cency; it urged the adoption of national prohibition.

nsettling the Human Pyramid *

BY BISHOP w. F. OLDHAM, NEW YORK r was a quaint saymg It would. seem that in this day of war when the so-called Christian IaI ~ of an old-time divine nations are arrayed against each that the heavenly arith- other, the great masses everywhere metic ran exactly con- would be repelled from the beliefs trary to the earthly of people who are unable to ex- arithmetic. In heav- press their Christianity in their naenly arithmetic if we would add we tional life. ,ye would not blame must consent to subtract, for no man people if they should be shocked increaseth except he that scattereth, and turned away from what seem and if we would multiply we must to be repeated fallacies. But life consent to divide. is usually larger than logic, and the very enormity and horror of this war The same contrary rule applies to seems strangely to have startled the heavenly physics. In our earth masses of the non-Christian world view of things we are inclined to into an awful moral solemnity, so think that the pull is from the top that there is wider and deeper into the bott0111, but the heavenly law quiry to-day than ever as to the of gravitation works the other way, basis on which life may be built and if we would put the religion in order to avoid such horrors. Acof Jesus Christ into any people, we cording to the blest logic of Heavmust begin at the bottom. Our earthly en, strangely enough, the very thing prudences would advise us to secure you and I have considered would a handful at the top, but that does stop the movement, has gloriously not solve the problem, for it has and fundamentally quickened it in always been the defect of privilege practically every land. The masses that it never cares to extend itself. of the plain people practically every- where are moving Christward That, I think, is the meaning of in larger numbers and with greater the philosophy of Jesus when He momentum at this present time than said in His message to John that ever before. "the Gospel was preached to the poor." It is the divine sign. With An Experience in the Philippines that spirit in the religion and that animating principle in the Founder, Let me illustrate by a people whose we do not wonder that "the com- affairs have recently been holding mon people heard Him gladly." the attention of the United States Congress, the Filipinos. The Stars The history of missions will bear and Stripes first floated over the Philout this general thesis, and to-day ippines eighteen years ago, and with the great movements toward Christ are among the common people in the non-Christian world.

*Part of an address at the Laymen's Missionary Congress in Washington.-EnlroR. the incoming of that flag came those Then some more people came and Gospel forces that are the strength they took the other side out, and of this nation. Let the flag go then the front, and we were speakanywhere, and whether the Consti- ing out into the open spaces. Fitution goes with it or not, the open nally the service closed at a quar- Bible must go. The islands were ter past one next morning, and divided between the various evan- everyone of the people there at gelistic forces, and a great religious the beginning was there at the end campaign began. Vhat was the re- with mouth half open waiting for suIt? The masses of the common more. At half-past six in the mornpeople tumbled over each other to ing that company, or a large proporhear that new Gospel, the greatest tion of it, was back at the house event of their racial and national where the weary preacher was stayhistory. Those Filipino folks ing. God bless the entry of those crowded eagerly and heard, so that forces into the Philippine Islands the great difficulty was to get them that minister to a hungry people to quit hearing at any time. who in such large numbers received the Gospel as it was preached. We pity American pastors whose great difficulty is to get people to In the Methodist Missions, in the listen. These wonderful sheep are last eight months, with less than so overfed and so underexercised ten missIOnaries in residence on that we cannot get them to nibble the field, the addition to membership at anything! We have to spend our has been over five thousand. All strength trying to serve up the dishes through the land there are great so excellently flavored as to coax ca- masses of the folks ready to hear pricious appe~jties! But the masses and a great proportion willing not only of the plain Filipino folk, how they to hear but to obey. devoured the proffered foods. In China, again, in a single com- I remember going to dedicate a munion, during the last four years little fishermen's church in a vil- the recorded advance has been somelage. vVe were to begin the serv- thing over seventy per cent. in memice at eight p. m., but word came bership. that the fishermen were out in the bay, and it would be over an hour The Overturning in India before they would return, because the fish must be caught. I was A similar story might be told of asked to baptize several children Korea, with its marvelous movement, and to marry some of their parents and in Japan with its three-year I married one old couple with four evangelistic movement in the villages, or five families of their children, but I want to speak of India. The who also had to be married, all man of India is furnished with in one ceremony. Then other people brains, with philosophic insight, with came in, and as it was a simple little deep possibilities of a religious soul, chapel easily put together, we had but that very man, because of his a kind of local church extension qualities and his position, looked movement by pushing the wall out. upon the earliest preachers of Chris-

tian truth with supreme contempt. to find them in cruel perfection look India said to the first missionaries: to the lowest castes of India, doomed to a life from which there is no "What-you? You people of yes- escape. A man may have intelliterday, a mushroom growth of civili- gence, business acumen, energy, but zation, you come to teach us philoso- he can not cease religiously and phy and religion? Why our people socially to be the low class man at created philosophies, and wrote litera- the base of the pyramid. ture, when your people were naked savages! You come to teach us!" But now comes Jesus Christ and His religion, which in its final analy- Do you remember a saying of sis insists on every man being given Henry Martyn recorded in his diary: a full chance to achieve his man- "If I should see a single high caste hood. Christ's messengers stand Hindu converted and baptized, I there at the foot of that pyramid and would look upon it as a resurrec- teach those people to say, "G,ur tion from the dead"? And Henry Father who art in Heaven." If Martyn, that noblest of souls, burned nothing else had ever fallen from himself out, and never saw that the lips of Jesus Christ this stamp sight. of divinity would be on Him. His messengers are saying to these people That was India. Happily, India at the foot of the pyramid: "Oh, men, does not all live at the top, but, you are not mud-sills, you are not like other lands, is built with the created for society to push your few at the top and the many at faces into the mud. You are your the bottom. By the system of caste, Heavenly Father's sons, and have the most accursed and finished job your place in His universe. Believe of Satan, that pyramid has been in God as One who loves you and favored by those at the top. But sent His only Son that you might in lands where there is the Chris- have fulness of life." tian religion that religion has fought against it. In India you have had VVe can not preach that to a man this piece of Satanic machinery in its so that he believes it and still have perfection, the social prescription fas- him consent to be ground down by tened with the cement of religious all of the other men of his civilizaprescriptions. Here was society, the tion. We can not teach the Fatherpoor and unprivileged at the bot- hood of God without teaching sotom, the privileged at the top; the cial opportunity. priest built it, and whenever the priest builds the social order you Low caste men in India begin to can always know at which end of believe this message and they say: it to look for him. That is the Brahmin. Layer after layer, one be- "Am I too actually a child of God, low the other, the mass of the upper am I"? layers pressing upon the lower until the lower is sustaining the weight Then they step out of the system of the whole, the lowest literally and find that this new teaching is ground into the mud. Talk about true. Enfranchisement of spirit has the mud-sills of humanity; if you want come to them from the kindly stranger hands. Possest by this new idea, a low caste man finds

WORK FOR RUSSIAN WAR PRISONERS

that there is more for him; there gins to be formed, the vOIce of that is a litte village school for his church sounding to the deprest boy and-O wonder I-a little vil- masses will be a most compelling lage school for his girl. Then his voice and a voice vibrant and creamind begins to shoot up to altitudes tive of hope. What happens to that he had never dreamed of, and he pyramid when the bottom steps out? stands up by his fellow-men and calls There is a tremendous movement on to them, "Come out, come out of the in India, and Jesus Christ, that great system; there is free air, Lhere is disturber of foundations that are free Heaven and a new earth for wrongly laid, is deeply agitating the us. We stand here as the children minds of the masses of the people, of God." and strangely enough the very move- ment of these masses is touching the What happens when the low caste gallantry and challenging the chivalry men do this? All through this so- of the best of the souls at the top. cial structure, there is a thrill of No more appealing word has reached expectation, there is a new gospel of the heart of the gallant spirits in t)Je enfranchisement. I know not where the upper ranges of society of India than social gospel ends and where a spiritual the amazing change that is coming gospel begins, but I have an idea to these traditional mud-sills; if they are inextricably joined together Jesus Christ can make men of these in the man whom God has made. then J eSllS Christ must be the Son of God. So when presently whole – layers step out and an entire church be- The Work for Russian Vv'ar Prisoners BY GEORGE L. LEONARD, NEW YORK Corresponding Secretary of the Gospel Committee for War Prisoners.

~T HE war will undoubted- soon after the war began, appears ly bring Russia not only to have been banished providentially. to a political, but also After being imprisoned and sentenced. to a great spiritual to Siberia, this sentence was com- crisis, and the Gospel muted to exile abroad. But "the work among Russian things which happened unto him have war prisoners may prove to be a tre- fallen out rather unto the 'furthermendous factor in this result. Chris- ance of the Gospel." He has thrown tian men and women everywhere will himself heart and soul into the work pray for large fruitage. of the Gospel Committee to evangel- ize his countrymen in German and Pastor William Fetler, of Petro- Austrian captivity. grad, who was banished from Russia on account of his religious work Leaflets are eagerly accepted, and

recent reports tell of courtesies of here I had lost my pocket Bible officials permitting the work, and which my father had bought for me great blessing as a result. Where an as a keepsake, so that I came to the exchange of wOlmded prisoners has camp without a single page of Holy been effected, groups en route from Scripture. The good Bible which had Germany to Russia, through Sweden, become so precious to me on the have been visited by Christian work- battlefield had gone! Where could ers. I buy one? Weeks went by until I found a Lithuanian brother. He had The following letters from some of a New Testament, and out of this the workers among the war prisoners Book we both, searching for com- show gratifying results: fort, were blessed and sttrengthened."

"I distributed the literature which *** you sent me 'in the turnmg of the hand.' I was literally overwhelmed "At that time the fortress of in the barracks, as everybody wanted Novo-Georgiewsk fell. That brought a Bible or aNew Testament. "!hen I2,000 prisoners to our camp. This I walk through the barracks, I often meant for us a new call, 'Up to the see here and there a war prisoner work !' At once I made out an an- with a Bible in his hand, and sit- nouncement that in one of the barting round him four to six men, racks would be held a Russian Evan- sometimes even more, to whom he gelical meeting. The meetings were reads aloud out of the Bible, all at- held every night. More and more tentively listening." of the men came, and all listened with great desire. The room at last *** was quite full. Then God gave us a Russian brother who had been a "I have succeeded in arranging for Russian missionary, and had been a meeting place for our Ruthenian captured. But still we were lacking brethren within the barracks They reading material, until you helped us have decorated this hall with Scrip- out with Bibles, Testaments, and ture texts which were sent to them. tracts. The joy which yo~£ have sup- At the first we had only about thirty plied is indescribable, alld the blessing brethren (converted) in the camp; is very great. Now we have in the now, however, the number of believ- camp twenty-eight newly converted ers has grown to about eighty. Be- brethren, and ten old ones." sides, other war prisoners are arriving at our camp, and among the A cooperating committee has been 'new comers we have also found formed in Great Britain which has'as several brethren. Besides those who are definitely converted, about seventy its chairman Rev. J. Stuart Holden. to eighty are under conviction." The opportunity is unique, the de- Letters from Russian Prisoners mands are countless, and funds are needed to continue and enlarge the "In 1914, on the second of Decem- work of distribution.* ber, I came to the war prisoners' camp in Schneidemiihl with 140 Rus- * Gifts may be sent to the treasurer of the com~ sians. All of us had been captured mittee, Mr. Edwin M. Bulkley, 25 Broad St., New at the battle at Lodz. On the way York City; or to the Editor of the MISSIONARY REVIEW, 354 Fourth Ave., New York City.

A GATHERING OF KRU MISSION

Fighting the Devil In Africa BY REV. WALTER B. WILLIAMS, KRU MISSION. LIBERIA. WEST AFRICA ::,fissionary of the Board of Fon ig:l ~Iis i~ns, Mcthod:st Episcopal Church IN)0THING could have doctor the preceding day that a boy ~ been m 0 r e peacefu1 would be found dead in the flver. than that April vVed- Now, wanting to send a message up nesday. A blue sky and to his boy at the mission and no one a bluer sea, with a else being available just then, Sanso steamer lying at on- sent on this small child, watching chor in the harbor, golden sunshine, him along the road until he turned the mission sheep browsing beside me a small hill, when the mission buildroad in charge of one of our boys. ings come into full sight. Just outside the Cabo fishtown a mile distant, Sanso, our native preacher, The little lad walked on until he and a little Wissipo boy beside him, drew near to our small shepherd to walked along the same road toward whom he gave his message, turning the mission. back to town instead of keeping on to the mission. The sheep moved The child had followed Sanso just then and our boy moved with from Wissipo town, fording the river them. When he turned his head and running along the beach at his once more the child had disappeared. side despite the warning of the devil-

The Search land power to bear large crops. The people at Nanah Kroo cut their rice All that long night men were out farms every two years, and in this with lanterns searching through the place, within the past ten years there bush and the farms nearby. We have been five human sacrifices. It watched the gleaming lights and lis- was now rice cutting, and a child tened to the voices, calling, calling, is lost! aud our hearts ached to the break- Days passed, one palaver court KRU GIRL OF LIBERIA after another was held, devil-doctors from far and near were consulted, Worth saving from the "Devil Doctor" conflicting decisions were rendered. One devil-doctor declared that the ing point at thought of that little boy child was being held a prisoner in out somewhere, alone in the dark- the dense bush back 0 f King N affir's ness, while all the time a deadly sus- town. Another said the boy was picion gripped us with sickening fear. dead. A third declared that the names of the witch people holding At rice-cutting time it is the native him were known to him and all their custom to dedicate the farm with a movements watched. We could do human sacrifice, the human blood and nothing but wait and pray. For a parts of the oody being made by week the suspense remained unlifted the devil doctor into country medi- while the judges "sweated" the peocine which is supposed to give the ple, "ate them up," as the natives put it, in the fines imposed. Since the lad had followed Sanso, they held him and forced him to pay an atone- ment for the loss of the boy, putting a second fine on him in a few days, followed closely by a third, tho they acknowledged he had nothing to do with the death of the child. Then the guilty ones were named, three Cabo men and a Cabo woman. One week from the day the boy was taken, the sasswood court was held and the four suspects were made to drink the poison.

The Punishment Sasswood is a deadly poison, most bitter to the taste, and it is admin- istered in wholesale doses, quart after quart being poured into the victim un- til he is full. While undergoing the test there are some things he is forbidden to do. He may wear no

FIGHTING THE DEVIL IN AFRICA

clothing whatever, he may not sit in palm oil and ate it with rice as down, nor spit, nor wipe the sweat they eat fish or chicken, and gave from his face, and he may not speak some of it to other men in his quarin a low voice. He must shout, else ter. This is witchcraft and savagery he is a witch. practised within ten minutes' walk of the mission and in spite of the weekly I f he vomits the sasswood, he is preaching of the Gospel! declared innocent and guns are fired in token of joy. But if the sasswood A KRU DEVIL PREACHER passes from his body through the intestines he is judged guilty and These men are full of all evil, murder, adultery, is driven away. If he retains it, and theft and hatred. Is there any doubt as to the dies, he is guilty. If he retains it, need for those who teach the love of God? and lives, through some trickery in making the medicine, then he is a Prior to his arrest, Brofly told witch man for truth, his witch being something of his life in a testimony more powerful than the witch in the meeting. "My father's brother," said sasswood, and he is exiled for seven he, "was a devil-doctor and he. taught years.

Under the present test one diedand died quickly. He was an old man, very quiet at all times that we saw him, a regular attendant at our church services in his town, a quaint figure in his long overcoat and high beaver hat, but a man trained 'n witchcraft from his boyhood and with a heart as black as pitch. After drinking the sasswood he shouted, "I be Brofly. I killed the boy. I, Brofly, killed him. I was coming from my farm with a bundle of bamboo on my head. I caught the boy on the road and hid him in my farm. Then I killed him I" The words had barely left his lips when, with one convulsion, he fell to the ground, dead-fell with a thud like the explcsion of a cannon, his tongue hanging out like a dog I Cannibalism and Witchcraft The most horrible feature of this witchcraft crime was the fact, developed that same day, that Brofly carried some of the flesh of that murdered boy into town, cooked it

me witchcraft. One day a devil- This leper was reaping the har- doctor asked me: vest of a filthy life, poor wretch, pressing on to his own kindred in " 'You fit to dig in a dead man's Dew, a score of miles away, to grave and bring me a piece of the cloth from his body?' "die at the beach" (i. e., at home).

"I answered, 'I fit it,' and brought He asked permission to rest here for the cloth and he made me a big the night, and he was not denied, war medicine. tho every precaution was, taken against infection. 'vVe cleared the "Another time the .devil-doctor said ground in a shady, isolated part of to me, 'Are you fit to do something the mission grounds, put up a rude I ask you?' I said; shelter against rain, cooked him a good breakfast and left him to rest " 'Yes.' there. Toward evening we took "'Will you sleep all night on top him food again and plenty of fresh of a dead man's grave in the grave- water. and built him a cosy camp- yard ?' fire, for the nights are cold. We "I did it and told the devil-doctor talked to him about his soul, but and he sent me back to get some his thoughts, alas! were centered upon of the sand from that grave and gin, which the mission, naturally, ,with it made me war medicine. Then would not permit to be furnished. I married a witch woman and she Next morning, after eating a hearty taught me more witchcraft. If I have breakfast and receiving rice, fish and done this thing I shall be like my biscuits to take with him, he departed uncle. 11y uncle died in sasswood on his painful way, assuring us that for witchcraft and he died quickly, we had done him good. and if I have killed this boy I shall die like him, almost at once." A Missionary Collection in Kru Land As he had said, so it was.

The Leper-Moral and Physical But there are some bright things to report from Kru Land. The Three days later there tottered up darkest shadows ca~ not wholly blot to the mission from this same Cabo out God's sunlight. "The blue of fishtown, a young Cabo man, Saka, heaven is larger than the cloud." in the last stages of syphilis and Easter Sunday was a golden day, leprosy-hands gone, legs almost gone, sunshiny without and sunshiny within eyes drawn upward, harsh, broken the little bamboo church in Wissipo voice, his body a mdS~ of putrefying town, brave in its decorations of sores and unspeakable stench-the palm branches and banana plants. most utterly loathsome and pitiable object to be seen in all heathendom. For a week previous the mission- To our shocked gaze it seemed as ary had been conducting services, tho all the evil in that devil- using lantern slides on the last week ridden witchcraft town had fastened of Christ's life on earth. Deeply atupon him and issued forth to sit tentive audiences overflowed the down upon this clean mission. The church and much feeling was manifirst thought that" flashed into our fested, culminating in Good Friday, minds was Isaiah I :6. when most of our women spent the

16] FIGHTING THE DEVIL IN AFRICA

entire day in the church, fasting Poisoning, Leprosy and Boa Constric- and pt:"aying, preparatory to receiving tors (for we have a standing dispute the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper. with the serpents over the ownership It was that night when, crossing the of the mission fowls) ? You are river on his way to church, the powerless to share this burden with missionary found the water running us. But there is another burden so swiftly that it took ten boys, swim- ming five on each side of the canoe, to keep it from being swept to sea!

At the week night services we had reminded the people that Sunday was the church's Foreign Missionary Day, and said we should take no regular collection, only giving oppor- tunity to those who loved Christ for the great sacrifice He had made for them to deny themselves in return and make a sacrificial offering to Him.

How the people did give on Easter morning! On a table within the chancel were large pans which the people quickly filled with palm-ker- nels, rice and some money, including two silver finger rings, dear to the Kru woman's heart. Underneath the table were bundles of fiber, pieces of cloth, pans and plates, and half a dozen fowls. Our mission boys, at their own suggestion, went with- out a morning's meal in order to have the rice to give. Better than . all, the power of the Holy Spirit fell upon the people and several felt the touch of God upon them.

That morning we baptized nineteen out of heathenism into Christiar.- AN AFRICAN HUMAN FETISH ity, and received nine into full mem- bership. pressing heavily upon us which you An Appeal can lighten-even remove-if you Dear home friends, would you will, the crushing burden of securing want to live through such a fort- necessities for the boys our mission night as your missionary representa- is gathering up out of these filthy tives have just lived through-a fort- heathen towns into the clean, en- night of Witchcraft, Kidnapping, lightening, soul-reviving environment Murder. Cannibalism, SasswQOd of a Christian mission.

THE AMERICAN AND CHINESE STAFF OF THE PRINCETON CENTER I N PEKING The Princeton graduates in the group are: Robert R. Gailey, A.M ., '97, in the middl e of the bottom r om; .D. W. &lwards '04, two seats to Mr. Gailey 's . J'ight; J. S. Burgess '05, next to the last on the right o f the second row; L. D. Howell '13, third from th e right in the top row.

HEADQUARTERS OF THE PRINCETON Y. M. C. A. WORK IN

Princeton's Work In China * BY JOHN STEWART BURGESS,. PEKING, CHIN A Associate General Secretary, Y. M. C. A., Peking COOLIE out in the ficial and student constituency, the op- country districts of portune time in which our activities China, when he learns were started, and its wide outreach and that a traveler is an varied activities, has an absolutely unique American, says: "Amer- and influential place in the life of the ica is the best country in New China. the world. She alone of all the nations treats us justly and fairly and is our Dr. John R. Mott's estimate of Princefriend." Many high Chinese officials in ton's enterprise may be judged from a China's capital come unofficially to our recent utterance: American minister, Dr. Paul S. Reinsch, to ask advice and counsel on questions "Among all the universities of Euwhich that nation is having thrust upon rope and America which have related her. themsel yes in a practical and helpful way The diplomacy of John Hay and the to furthering the progress of the Chrisvast amount of altruistic service, by hos- tian Religion and of the highest civilizapitals, colleges, Young Men's Christian tion in non-Christian lands, I know of Associations and other organizations none which has recognized and seized a conducted by Americans, have all given larger and more significant opportunity the citizens of America, including busi- than Princeton has done in bringing its ness men and diplomatists, as well as influence to bear upon students and other members of the distinctively Christian classes of young men in Peking. The undertaking, a pre-eminent opportunity place to bring power to bear is where of influence in the Chinese Republic. power can' be most widely and most ad- Princeton's enterprise in Peking, on vantageously distributed. This princiaccount of its location, its important of- ple is illustrated in a remarkable man- ner by the Princeton work in this cap- ital city of China. The work being done –~ From The Princeton Alumni Weekly, Mar 31, 1916.

there has sent out a strong and helpful technique of science, of republican instiinfluence through the entire Chinese na- tutions, and of social progress. tion. In concentrating upon the edu- cated classes in Peking and seeking to Princeton at the Political Center influence their ideals and habits, Prince- Princeton has chosen as her sphere ton men have been striking at the heart of operations in changing China the ful- of the great need of China." crum of influence, her great capital of one million population. To that im- In Old Peking perial city come up the officials from The Princeton Center is put down in- every province and district to receive a1>- side the huge walls of the ancient cap- poi.lltmellt5 for every post, from the head ital of the oldest and largest nation of of the town post-office to the provincial the world. The landmarks of the past governorship. Not only are the mighty are about u,'. In erecting a four-story hosts of national officials in our city, but modern building we had to lay deep as it was recently estimated by Hi5 Ex- foundations because of the loose charac- cellency Liang Chi Chiao, Minister of ter of the soil; but as far down as the Justice, forty thousand "expectant offiworkmen dug they found the bricks and cials" (a class of men existing also in relics of bygone cities. Near this build- America, but not thus publicly desiging is the Imperial Palace, from which nated /) are constantly in the capital. for five centuries have gone out the mandates, first of the Ming and then of the In the fall you can go down to the Ching dynasty. The fortress of national railway stations outside the massive Confucianism, the great Temple of front gates of the city and see thousands Heaven, held to be the exact center of of young men pouring in from the Hanthe universe, is but a short ride from kow and Tientsin Railroads, corning up our Association. Great trains of camels, from every province to the universities just as in the days of which Marco and colleges of the great student center Polo wrote, still file out through the of the Republic. There is in Peking great city gates, making for the Mon- the Government University, with French, golian trail. German, British, American, Japanese and Chinese professors, and some twelve hun- But in the midst of the old are the dred students in its departments of eneven more significant marks of the new. gineering, political science, law and The streets are wide and well paved, literature. A Higher Technical CoIlege and over them pass the bicycle and au- with its great machines, the Customs tomobile. The ancient Hal! of Classics, CoIlege, which trains the officials that the most sacred spot of the scholars of are to control the great income collecting another day, is now lighted with electric- systems instituted by Sir Robert Hart, ity, and is connected with all parts of the the Higher Normal CoIlege, four law city by te1ephone~ The modern city colleges, and many other schools combine water system has all but crowded out the to make up the forty institutions of squeak of the wheelbarrow loaded with higher learning that are training seven well-water. And, more important than thousand college men to be leaders 6f any external changes, such as the cut- the new China.

ting off of queues and the introduction A Confusing Situation of western clothing, is the coming of new ideas and even the rise of a totally Imagine the problems that these young new vocabulary. The country peasant in men are facing. For the first time in the vain tries to read the city newspaper, history of China thousands of students fulI of new terms, words covering the have assembled in the large cities. Previ-

PRINCETON'S WORK IN CHINA

ously they went up to the provincial or Princeton's Beginning national capital only to take their examinations, but now they are grouped in In 1906 R. R. Gailey, '97, rich in excolleges. The landmarks of the past have perience a:nong the college men and ofbeen swept away. The old educational ficials in Tientsin, accompanied by D. system is considered archaic and much that is good has been swept away with Vv. Edwards, '04, rented a large pawnthe incoming of the new. Their very pi:Iars of ancient morai:ty and civiliza- shop on one of the main streets of Petion, the principles and teachings of Con- king. A small group of young men oi fucius, are by many considered to be the student and merchant class were inadequate for the present crisis. The bound together in what was known as nations of the West have forced China "The Green Age Association of Peking," to adopt the progressive methods <of a the Chinese translation of Young Men's new world. It is natural that the students Christian Assoc:ation.

Now, on the site of the pawnshop is a massive four-story building, one of the most imposing in the city. College men, STUDENTS AT WORK IN THE COMMERCIAL COLLEGE CONDUCTED BY PRINCETON MEN should feel, as one of them expressed young officials, Chinese who have studhimself to me in a class in the Higher ied abroad, young merchants, altogether Normal' College: "We have long de- over two thousand of the picked, propended upon the moral principles and gressive element of young China, are sanctions of Confucianism. You see to united in this great slub. They throng what an ineffective state following these our social rooms, make use of our pool ancient precepts has brought us. Now parlors, gymnasium, bowling alleys and we wish to find out the way to acquire shower baths. They live in our dormitormodern industry, to gain wealth, to build ies, they attend lectures on every conceivup an army and navy and to have power, able subject, which are held in the hall so that we may compete on equal terms holding over a thousand people. They with nations of Europe, with the United crowd our restaurant, where both Chi- States and Japan." It is not surprizing nese and foreign food is served. In the that after only nine years of contact with summer months they swann our roof Western education, in the mdst of the garden where ice cream and drinks can confusion of a new-thought world and be obtained. Last, but not least, they of new methods, young China overlooks come in great numbers to see that indisthe moral and religious foundation of pensable feature of all modern life (so our western civilization and life. faithfully patronized also by Princeton

undergraduates) the moving picture passed by the outside of the building on show. Often as many as twelve hundred a dark night. Lined up along the crowd our auditorium to witness the street are jinrickshaws, canvas-covered antics of the indefatigable Charlie Chap- Peking carts drawn by mules, a car- lin or to have the processes of a new riage or two and even an automobile; world revealed to them by scientific and the entry is stacked with bicycles; all educational films. are the conveyances of 500 men and boys who are inside struggling with Its Significance the rudiments of the English language, the key to Western learning and com- The significance of this great Prince- mercial success. In the beginners' ton Club for the social and moral welfare class a man of forty will be sitting of the young men of the city can be perhaps by a lad of fifteen; a well- be grasped only when it is realized that known professional man beside an ap- hitherto the center for social and recre- prentice. In one advanced class alone ational Ii fe for many students and offi- last winter were members from three cials has been the licensed red-district. of the government boards, a telephone In the days before the erection of this operator, a librarian, a bank clerk, and building students and young officials the head of 5anitatiol1 for the city. justly said that there seemed no other spot for their dinners, games and even These are the evening classes alone. political discussions than this quarter, In the daytime there is a regular com- full of tea-houses, hotels, theaters amI mercial school of 200, all expenses of pool-rooms. The dual deficiencies of Chi- one hundred of these students covered nese life, the lack of an interesting home- by one Chinese philanthropist who has life and the absence of wholesome recre- come to believe in the efficiency of ation, have made possible the degrading the organization. Here are the fu- influence of this section of Peking. China, ture bankers and business men of the once the most moral country known, has country. The first class is graduating been thrown open to the influences of this spring. Anyone who has had the the West, and has added our temptations slightest dealings with Chinese cur- to her own. New drugs and drinks and rency-and, it goes without saying, got diseases, hitherto unknown, have crept in the worst of it-will agree that the alongside other innovations from the Oc- training of young men in the only cident. A misunderstanding of the so- finance college of the capital is a great cial ideals abroad, the influx in the great contribution to the business life of cities of thousands of young men for China. The added fact that the nation the first time free from the restraints of is just entering a new industrial age family or village life, the "new freedom" will give significance to this particular which has come in with the Republic, part of Princeton's. work. and in many cases the rejection of even the best in China's past-all have com- Chinese Leadership and Support bined to bring about an acute and dan- gerous situation. As competitor to all It must not be imagined that four this stands Princeton's social and recrea- American Princeton men single-handed tive club. are conducting this great social and educational enterprise. That would be To be true to Princeton's ideal of poor generalship. The men there are scholarship, of course tthe work must the advisors and inspirers of a staff have its educational side. Any alumnus of twenty-two Chinese cooperators. . touring the Orient would certainly be Moreover, for every dollar which convinced that it had if he merely Princeton men give for the support

PRINCETON'S WORK I:-J CHl:~A

of your foreign secretaries, the Chinese The Chinese Cooperating themselves give two and a half to cover the entire local expense of the work. No American in China has a greater Princeton sends $10,000 yearly, while number of influential Chinese as his the local budget of $25,000 is raised personal friends than "Bob" Gailey, the entirely from Chinese sources. Be- pioneer of Princeton's work. Mr. sides the large income from member- Gailey's early fame as Princeton's AUship dues, dormitory rent and educa- American center on her victorious foottional fees, the Chinese officials and ball teams has been far eclipsed by his merchants of the city, who thoroughly national prestige in changing China. believe in our work, subscribe liberally. He has been instrumental in organiz- Yuan Shih Kai personally contributed ing the local directorate of our Assoone thousand dollars a year, and each ciation from the leading young procabinet member gives a hundred. gressives of the capital. The Presi- dent, C. C. Wang, Ph.D., a Yale man, His Excellency Wellington V. K. is now head of the Board of Accounts Koo, the present Minister of the Chi- of the Chinese Government. The Vicenese Government in Washington, says: President is General Chang, Military "Princeton graduates have been ma- Advisor to President Yuan .and head king their influence for good felt among of the great popular anti-opium movethe people. whom they are helping. ment, a man who went to England to They have been encouraging the de- adddress the British Parliament on the velopment of physical education and importation of opium. The treasurer is have been using every opportunity to second in control of the National Bank help develop the Chinese youth physi- of China, and the secretary has recally, intellectually and morally; and cently become head of the college their work is very much appreciated department of the Government Uniby the Chinese people, as is evidenced versity. in the hearty way in which they are supporting this work." This organization of progressive Chinese has not confined its activi- Princeton Men Abroad and Their ties to the walb of the building, but Backing has taken the whole of Peking, with its million population, as its field Several college generations are rep- of operations. The work of the physiresented in the Princeton Center staff cal director, Amos N. Hoagland, '06, in Peking: R. R. Gailey, '97; D. W. illustrates this point. Our gymnasium is a beehive of calisthenic classes, bas- Edwards, '04; J. S. Burgess, '05; A. N. ketball games, and track events, but Hoagland has been reaching out toward Hoaglapd, '06, and D. W. Carruthers, the' athletic development of the sehools '15. A Chinese graduate student, Mr. and colleges of the city. Intercollegiate Tong, has recently joined the force in basketball, track, and foothall have been Peking, and is to have special rela- organized. To a generation of students tion to the large group of students who whose one idea was to burn the midhave returned from their studies night oil and feverishly to seek Westabroad. These Princeton men in Pe- ern knowledge, we have brought the king are sent out by the Philadelphian gospel of a wholesome physical devel- Society through the International Com- opment. To a class of men prey to mittee of the Young Men's Christian the ravages of tuberculosis, we have Association. Princeton's over-seas in- shown the healing power of outdoor terest is now a vital and integral part life. Students at first used to "quit" of the whole religious and social service program of the university at home.

if they saw that their team was going Inter-Church Campaign for College to be beaten; to them has been brought Men the cooperative and loyal spirit of Old Nassau, that sees the game through Convinced that for the sages of the and cheers both winner and loser alike. New China and for the progress of the Christian Church, the time had come for By permission of the Government, in concerted action in presenting the highthe park surrounding the Altar of est ideals of a Christian civilization to Heaven Princeton men helped organize these leaders of a new age, the Princethe first national track meet of China. ton group in Peking arranged for the Last year Hoagland headed the Chinese VISIt of Mr. G. Sherwood Eddy. national team, which in the Far East- Through influential Chinese friends, ern Olympics in Shanghai, defeated the permission was secured to erect a large teamS' of Japan and the Philippines. mat-shed in the gardens of the Forbid- den City, a place no one of us had even In China the educated classes have, entered before. Under the leadership since the days of Confucius had grave of Princeton men, two hundred of the scepticism on all religious questions. foreign and Chinese Christian leaders Confucius said "I can not under- of the city were organized into training stand man. How can I expect to give classes to prepare to meet the religious you any knowledge about the gods?" and moral problems of young men. A The influence of the wonderful trans- special course of study on fundamental lations of Darwin, Huxley, Spencer, Christian beliefs was prepared by one Adam Smith, and Mill, that were made of the Princeton staff. On the day of forty years ago by the greatest living Mr. Eddy's first meeting, a half-holiday scholar of China, Yen Fu, have by un- to all college men of the city was given warrantable inference added many new by the Minister of Education, and four anti-religious arguments to traditional thousand of them, together with many sceptical views. Moreover, according to of the younger officials, attended the a Chinese scholar who reads English, first session. The lasting results were the, distinctly religious references in beyond all expectation. For eight Darwin's writings are omitted alto- months there was an average attendgether in the translation. The college ance of over five hundred in the group students are all familiar in a superficial classes held in eleven different churches way whh the general principles of these in the city. Four hundred other young books and have assumed from them men, who either refused to go inside a that the whole of modern scientific church or who had become interested thought is against religion. Little or in Christianity through other meetings, nothing of the more recent scientific held their clas'ses in our building. In literature which gives the spiritual im- many churches of the city the result plication of modern thought has yet has been that great numbers of a totally found its way into the Chinese lan- new social class, and that the leading guage. class of China, have become active members. The whole Christian move- Forced to be leaders in colossal devel- ment in Peking has assumed a new opments along modern lines in education, aspect through this campaign, and hithin government, in social reform, and in erto unreached groups have been openeQ industry, these young men are groping up to the influence of Christian activi~ after the secrets of national strength, tieS'. which can be found in religion and morality alone.

PRINCETON'S WORK IN CHINA

A City-Wide Social Service Program the college men of the city, the map has been divided into four sections, each There is abroad among the young college having its own sphere of in- Chinese a most ardent patriotism. This fluence. One New Year's Day fifty thouintense desire to help China has some- sand moral reform and health calendars times found its expression in the cut- were distributed by five hundred colting off of fingers in order to write, lege men from house to house. The with blood, petitions to the Emperor. club members met in their own college, Frequently Chinese young men come to and going out two by two they covered your' Princeton representatives and say, the streets in their own special portion "What can I do for my country? Will of the city. People who witnessed colyou not tell us by what methods we caJ'! lege men for the first time in history make our nation strong and effective?" doing the work of coolie and messenger were utterly astonished and concluded There is plently to be done in a na- that a new spirit had gotten into the tion where half the people scarely know city. It had. where the next meal is to come from and where eighty per cent. can neither Social Institutions ot Peking read nor write. Your Princeton delegates have endeavored to direct this Far more important than the work splendid new patriotism into channels of actually done by these college men is intelligent service. their beginning an accurate study of social conditions which will give the In 1912 a club of forty college men necessary information for a more comwas organized, called the Peking Stu- prehensive and far-reaching social prodents' Social Service Club. This has at gram. First a careful survey of the present a membership of more than six forty social institutions of the capital hundred, drawn from nearly every col- was made, including poor-houses, orlege in the city. It has opened and phanages, industrial homes, hospitals manned the first public playgrounds in and many other Chinese government in- China. It started five free night-schools stitutions. Some were run very well, for poor boys or college servants where others were in a horrible condition. It all the teaching is the voluntary work is the hope of the Princeton men to of college men. It has sent out lec- organize all working in these instituturing teams to ten the people of the tions into a social union of the city, duties of citizenship in the new Repub- wherein new and progressive methods lic, to instruct them in hygiene and shan be discust and where the plans household sanitation and to warn them shaH be determined upon for the best against the dangers of immorality. The possible use of the meager equipment Christian members of the club, who are already in China's capital. relatively few in number, but the driving power of the whole organization, A model orphanage, where fifty boys have combined with the message of so- and fifty girlS', many of them rescued cial reform the deeper Gospel of Christ from the Hankow fire, are educated and His kingdom. One summer, lec- along industrial lines, has been reorgantures were held in the open. playground ized under the leadership of the Princefor ten evenings, and the attendance of ton secretaries, and a group of Chinese men, women and children who sat on who have studied in America. It is be-' mats to see 1antern s1ides and to hear ing conducted not only for the benefit the lectures by the studentS' averaged of the children, but as a demonstraover five hundred a night. tion of one model charitable institution.

For the most effective organization of

Diverse Activities group classes in the study of Christian- ity. Already one member of the class Many other forms of work have been of 1916 has decided to go out for a entered into by the Princeton Center in year, and that at his own expense. Peking. It was they who rented a great temple, with its ample grounds, Princeton Just Beginning outside the walls of the city among the VIestern Hills. This has become the Princeton has made a good beginning Northfield of China, and here each sum- but has only started to enter into the mer several hundred students meet for position of leadership which is potentl~n days and get refreshment of body tially hers. The equipment is entirely and inspiration of soul. It is even whis- inadequate. We need another building pen'd that they have lent a hand at in the great student center of the city, c:mferences for girl students. It was which is two miles from our present under the 1ea:Jership of one of the staff, plant. We neee! four more Princeton D. W. Edwards, 'O-l, that there was men at once, OIlC to cooperate in this organized the Student Volunteer Move- ~reat social and religious program of ment for thc Christian ministry of the city, one to heJp in the deve/opment China. The Y. M. C. A.'s of ten schools of the boy-life of Pekil1g, especially of of the city with a membership of over twenty-five thousand primary school stu- 60ll students have been made into a mct- <lents. Two more men are needed for ropolitan system and snpervisecl by the f;cneral executive work in the new plant. Princeton men. They should be on language study at once, in order to be ready in two years An account of the work for the In- for active work., Two Princeton graduternational Guards, protecting their va- ates are already available for these posirious legations il1 Peking, would be a tions if their salaries can be secured. long story all of itself. Princeton for We need financial support for the openthe last eight years has' always had one ing of the first social settlement of all of her graduates leading in athletic, edu- China, for the equipment of a modern cational, social and religious activities play-ground and athletic field and for for these men of many nations, now meeting a large number of other minor many of them on the battlefields of Eu- needs. rope. To quote Mr. Frederick Moore, formerly of the Associated Press, "Pe- Up to the present time Princeton's king would be a different place without annual contribution to her Peking enterthe Princeton men and their work. prise has never exceeded $10,000, all of I know of the work you do for the which has gone toward the budgets of American and other soldiers of the Le- her own men on the fidd; the Chinese gation Guards in the Soldiers' Y. M. have looked after the running expenses. C. A. That is the only public place Our undergraduates eontributed this for the soldiers that is not a beer-hall year one thousand dollars toward this or a brothel." D. W. Carruthers, '15, work. is attacking this line of work vigorously. There is no choicer field of oppor- It is planned to have three or four tunity for service and influence in the of the best members of the graduating world than the one entrusted to Princeclass of the year selected to go to Pe- ton. It is an enterprise for which from king on a one-year term of service, to many other sources it would not be difwork among the English-speaking Chi- ficult to secure either men or money, nese students of the capital, whether in but this is Princeton's unique chance. athletics, social service, or in teaching

A GROUP OF COUNTRY PEOPLE IN GUERRERO

Reconstruction In Mexico BY G. B. WINTON, D.D., NASHVILLE, TENN. Author of "Mexico To·day."

ItTIHE affairs in connection the United States, as well as New York with Mexico that have and Washington, and who are aided in been of late most promi- laying on the colors by the politicians nently brought to the at- who are trying to discredit the present tention of the American administration. • . public have not been the really important developments in that The northwestern corner of Mexico, country. especially the State of Chihuahua, has suffered a great deal. It has only two There is no reason for war between standard industries-stack-raising and the United States and Mexico, and it is mining. Its farming operations are lim- not desired by either of the govern- ited and precarious, depending almost ments. Selfish and unpatriotic citizens wholly upon irrigation. It is thinly set- of both nations have sought to bring tled and hence lends itself to revolution- about such a conflict and they have been ary operations. It was there that Ma- much aided by partizan politics in the dero nursed into life his armed move- United States and by a sort of national ment against Diaz, which succeeded, let hysteria to which people seem subject it not be forgotten, only through the when stirred up by the "yellow" press. open sympathy and cooperation of American citizens'. To that same region Conditions in Mexico are nothing like returned the vain and overrated mule so bad as they are usually represented. driver Orozco, when Madero gave him The gloomy pictures of Mexican affairs only $30.000 for his services instead of are painted by the exiled politicians of the $100,000 which he demanded. He Mexico who throng the border cities of

then organized his illiterate cowboy fol- of Saltillo and San Luis Potosi and relowers into a band of colorados ("reds," turn via Aguas Calientes, Torreon and because they carried a red flag and pro- Chihuahua, taking practically no risks in fessed some sort of socialism), who doing so. robbed and harried the country for months. The important matters in Mexico are the cohesion of the Carranza group of Later, when Madero's friends bega·n leaders, the solution of the monetary a revolution against the assassin usurper situation, the rehabilitation of the rail- Huerta, another Chihuahua mulete~r ways, and the final elimination of bri- (and bandit, this time) forged forward gandage. The incursion of American and became a "general." This was troops in pursuit of a few bandits I~ Francisco Villa, so called. His name is important only in the risk it brought said to be Dorateo Arango. By reason upon us of getting into an armed conof a strain of real military genius, he flict with the whole Mexican people. It came to take a prominent part in the afforded, to be sure, a safety valve for new revolution. But, like Orozco, he the belligerency of our jingoes and gave would not remain faithful to any prin- our soldiers some excellent practice. ciples or group longer than he was able Otherwise it amounted to nothing at all. to have his own arbitrary way. When We have run down and shot a few he rebelled against Carranza, in the fall bandits'-good riddance, no doubt, for of 1914, it was a more serious matter which the Mexicans are duly grateful. than the defection of Orozco from Ma- But they could have done that even betdero. Yet within a year he too had ter. The American "invasion" has been driven into the fastnesses of Chi- given the enemies of Carranza in Mexhuahua, where for six months more he ico a pretext for nagging at him and has again been vexing the countryside. enabled the bandit captains to recruit a Naturally affairs there are now a good number of innocent boys who believe deal demoralized, and in EI Paso and that they are defending their country. along the border near there the corre- The Big Bend raid was simply an inspondent can gather up harrowing cursion of thieves. People of that type stories of "conditions in Mexico," which infest that whole desolate, forsaken land are perfectly true. on both sides of the river and have from time immemorial. This band did not even For months there has been quiet in own rifles nor leaden shot for their all the thickly settled States of the east- cheap shotguns. The soldiers they murern and southern parts of the great dered were killed with brass' slugs and Mexican plateau. Such fighting as has pieces of nails. One who has been in taken place has been along the railway Mexico recognizes at once the type of lines or high up in the mountain ranges. Mexican and the type of weapon identi- The farmers out on the plains have not fied by this one fact. been disturbed by it. The railways are cleared now, and the trains are running The Carranza government is holding regularly. There is not much rolling together well. So long as the leaders stock left, and the tracks are in bad agree and cooperate, no movement condition. But I get my daily paper against it has the slightest chance of promptly, five days from Mexico City to success. Obregon has charge of the Nashville, and letters go to almost any army and seems to be on the best of part of the republic without serious de- terms both with Mr. Carranza (he does lay. Any newspaper correspondent who not wish to be called "General" Carreally wants to know about "conditions ranza) and with his subordinate genin Mexico" can go to the capital by way erals. The leaders among these are

RECONSTRUCTION IN MEXICO 6I3

Gonzales, in command at Mexico City, government's promise to pay instead of and Trevino, in charge of the border re~ forcing it to borrow money abroad and gion, headquarters at Torreon. The thus come under obligation to foreigners. Foreign Secretary, Aguilar, is also a Just now a popular movement is on to military man. He was in command be- reduce the government's obligations by fore Vera Cruz when that city was oc- destroying the old "greenbacks." Clubs, cupied by our troops. Cabrera, the Sec- schools, patriotic societies and other orretary of the Treasury, is a civilian, as ganizations hold public meetings from is Acuna, Secretary of the Interior. time to time to celebrate the burning of bundles of bills contributed by their At the beginning Carranza and his as- members. The government is also desociates could not effect a foreign loan. stroying the old war issue as fast as They had no credit. So they financed the notes are paid in. They are actheir movement by means of government cepted by it for all forms of internal notes in the form of money. Carranza revenue. It is hoped to eliminate them said that this was more equitable than within a month or two. forced loans from a few, as it made all the citizens share the burden. Later, Meantime the country is prospering. when it might have been possible to The new crop of corn will soon be in, negotiate a loan, the constitutionalist and danger of famine is practically over. government stuck to its plan of relying Rehabilitating the railroads is a good on fiat money. But meantime it had deal of a problem. Here perhaps more got possession of the rich income of than at any other point is needed the cothe ports of entry, where duties are operation and guidance of American payable in silver, and also of huge rev- friends. It is unfortunate that strained enue from exports of minerals, hides and political relations between the two counpetroleum. All minerals, especially zinc, tries continue to make such cooperation copper, cyanides and iron have gone up difficult. in price by reason of the European war. The demand for some of them is enor- We believe that a new day is dawnmous, and many of the mines arc work- ing for educational and evangelistic ing overtime. The production of coal work. The revolution was aimed in part oil in Mexico is in staggering figures. against clericalism, which stands in Mex- This is one of the richest fields in the ico for the ignorance of the masses and world and is not yet fully developed. the donomination of the rich. It has Durin:; 1915 35,010,000 barrels were ex- opened the way anew for Protestantism, ported. I do not know the exact rate of which always goes to the masses first, export tax, but understand that it with its' message of light and liberation. amounts to over a dollar in silver to the The Protestant people in Mexico are solbarrel. It will be seen at once that idly behind the new movement, and the Carranza government is far from many of them are in places of influence bankruptcy. in the government. Their integrity and intelligence have given them recognition. There is naturally a good deal of If we had educated still more boys and trouble with the merchandise over paper girls and impressed still a larger segmoney. The banking centers seem ment of the people with true ideals of rather disappointed also because no righteousness and patriotism, much of great loan has been negotiated. It is not the bloodshed and disorder of recent at all clear, however, that Carranza and years would have been averted. We Cabrera have made a mistake. They are should get to work with vigor now to appealing to the people of Mexico to provide against such things in the fushow their patriotism by accepting the ture.

PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN MEXICO The Foreign Workers in 1910 Compared With Those on the Field in July, 1916 1Hssionary Stations Out· J1issionaries Stations Occupied Force 1910 in 1910 Stations SOCIEty in 1910 on Field, in June, 1916 28 1916 12 .Ill. Raot. H. 11. S.. ……. 9 4 53 8 ~11l. Bible Society……… 1 1 . . . . i-ie'r·~~~i·lid.· ,46 .111. Board C. F. :'vi……. 15 4 .111. Friends Bd. F. M….. 15 222 3 21 Ct;': ~i~;'!'c~' P~cblo. Guanajl1ato. ~letllOdist Episcopal. . . . . .. 31 21 6 44 . 63 "ethodist Ch"rch (So.)…. 55 8 2 .Mexlco City, Guadalajara.

Presbyterian Rd. F. 1L. . . .. 26 9 o4 Mexico City, Merida.

Presbyterian Church (South) 9 4 o Christian Woman's TId…. If) 3 5 Mexico 'Cit~' ~~d Guadalaj ara.

Protes:ant Episcopal…….. 39 4 Southern Bapt. Conv……. 28 10 5 Mexico City, Toluca, Juarez.

International Y. M. C. A… 14 2 8 Mexico City, Monterey, Chihuahua Pentecostal Church …….. 12 4 o o Hephzibah Faith 11. A.. …. . 2 1 Penial Miss. Soc……….. 3 1 Seventh Day Adv. . . . . . . . . . 9 1 i'~~bi~"""'" .

Woman's Bapt. H. M. S… 3 3 o3 Christian lVfissions . . . . . . . . . 6 3 Totals ……………. 294 75 520 34 In ten stations.

The Missionary Situation In Mexico LATEST REPORTS FROM THE MISSION HEADQUARTERS IiA)RMED intervention in reconstruction. The Mexicans need an Mexico might ultimately exhibition of brotherly love rather than bring order out of chaos, of brute force; they need enlightenment but it would be at heavy -not extermination. It is such a better cost both to the Mexican course that will most surely convince people and to the United them that we do not want to add to States. Certain factions on both sides the United States territory at the exof the border have been endeavoring pense of Mexico. Fortunately, the way to provoke a conflict but the two gov- semes to be paved for a peaceful settleernments, the masses of the people and ment of present difficulties. Let Mexithe Christian missionaries, have been can patriots agree among themselves in working to preserve peace and to estab- the support of a central government and lish an orderly government. an enlightened program and observe treaty obligations. Then prosperity will There is a better way than the killing follow. of men and the destruction of property. Carranza is endeavoring to establish an The vast majority of the Mexicans enlightened government and has selected want peace, but they are afraid the able advisors for various official posts. Americans will not allow them to re- The United States government could tain their independence. The ignorant better afford to furnish $10,000,000 for have a notion that "Gringoes" are weak schools and constructive public improv- and afraid but the enlightened leaders ments than the Big Northern Brother know better. The better class of young could afford to spend $200,000,000 and Mexicans have tasted a new spirit, and 100,000 men in forcible destruction and demand liberty. Nine-tenths of the

16 ] THE MISSIONARY SITUATION IN MEXICO 61

people have no education and do not never so prosperous. The people welknow the difference between a secular come American Christians, believing book and a Bible. Until the Protestant that this type of religion wiII bring them Bible societies and misisonaries came Eberty. In all the months of unsettled there was only one edition of the Bible conditions very few Protestant churches jJublished in Mexico, and that was sold have been damaged and these were asat $153 jJcr copy. Where they remain sailed by fanatically led mobs. Protesin rural districts, the people have high tants include many among the young morals, but when they make their homes leaders who have been trained in the in cities, moral restrictions are easily mission day- and Sunday-schools. Mexithrown off. cans are born preachers, and natural orators. Seventy languages and dialects are found among the Indians of Mexico, Protestants also spur the native Rotho the official speech is Spanish. man Catholics to a purer type of Chris- The polite speech was once French, but tianity and hold the leaders in paths of English has now become popular. lawful government. Among the thirty-seven families or tribes of Indians, only three – the RECENT REPORTS FROM MIS- Yaquis, Tutos and the Mayas of Yuca- SIONARIES tan-are prone to go on the war path. The other tribes are peace-loving, anJ In reply to a letter sent to the various only arise when led by a religious or Protestant boards and socieies having political fanatic who convinces them missions in Mexico we have received that their liberty is in danger. They the following communications (most of also are rendered unaccountable by the them dated about July 1): native intoxicants, pulque, which is the juice of the of the maquey plant. Most Protestant Episcopal Church of the Indians of Mexico are baptized pagans and, in rural regions, they are "Ve have not called the staff home, almost purely idolatrous. They have de- hut have wired Bishop Aves (in Guadagraded their religious forms until they lajara) and the Archdeacon to use every are heathenish. precaution to safeguard the members of the mission. We have had no word di- General Carranza insists. as do his rectly from the field as to what action associates, that they are not anti-Chris- wiII be taken. tian but are anti-clerical-that is, they object to the priests or church officials "The present disturbance in Mexico having any hand in politics. Forty years has been very damaging to our work. ago all Jesuits, nuns, and Catholic orders All of the English-speaking congregawere expelled from Mexico and now any tions, with the exception of that in who remain are there illegally. Form- Mexico City, have been scattered; crly, the Protestants were persecuted, many of the Mexican congregations but now they are free and their religion have likewise been scattered. In somc is recognized. instances members of the congrega- tion have been carried off by maraud- During the war many people have left ing bands. We do not know to what the rural regions and have come to the extent our property in the smaller towns, large centers of population. They are and especially the mountain districts opprest by the constant disorders, and around Mexico City, has suffered. The thus feel their human helplessness Josephine Hooker School for Girls in keenly. Men always turn to God in time Tacuba, one of the suburbs of Mexico of trouble. Hence the mis'sion wQr!,; was City, was closed for a year or more, but was reopened last autumn with an at- tendan<;e Qf abqut twenty g-irIs. St. An.~

drew's School for Boys in Guadalajara school, and two nurses, and are fortunwas closed in 1914 and reopened about ate in having an American pastor in a year later with a reduced staff. It charge of our Baptist church there. Our bas bad several visits from bandits and school in Puebla has been in splendid has suffered accordingly. The last letter condition all through the difficulties and from Bishop Aves indicated that he because 'Of the closing of ~he public would probably be obliged to close the schools since Christmas has numbered school building, but hoped to carryon over 300 and could have been double the the work in the buildings of a Congre- size had we had the equipment and gational school, located within the city. teachers.

"From a military point of view there "The only thing in all the troubles can be only one result of war with Mex- in Mexico which our missionaries have ico; namely, Mexico's defeat and to a feared most was war with- the United certain extent her humiliation. Religi- States, or intervention.

ously and from the missionary point of "Our work has not suffered as has view, unquestionably war with Mexico been the case in some of the other dewould set back considerably the work nominations, because we have so many now under way, and perhaps put an end native workers and a smal1er proportion to it for a period of years. On the other of American representatives. It has hand, may it not be possible that after been our expectation for the last year Mexico had taken her punishment she or two to greatly enlarge our work in would realize, as children often do, that Mexico, and we were looking for addithose who administered the punishment tional teachers to send down this fall, were her best friends?" but the present indications are that we W oman's Baptist Home Mission will have to give up hopes of any ad- vance work until conditions are settled."

"In Mexico, our attention of recent years has been given largely to the edu- The American Board All of the American staff of mission- ';V cational work. e have large day schools in Monterey, Mexico City and aries are out of Mexico now except Puebla, with a small day school at Miss Lora F. Smith, who is at Hermo· Guadalupe. In addition to these schools sillo_ All the other missionaries have we have several native workers who are been called home in accordance with, the slerving as missionaries in connection exprest wish of the United States gov- with our missionS'. ernment.

"Our school work has continued al- Th~ work of the Board, while inter- most interruptedly since the beginning rupted in some ways, has in others been of the difficulties. In Mexico City our stimulated. T,he sens'e of uncertainty American principal left at the beginning has made people at all associated with of the troubles and we secured a Mexi- the Mission even more eager for its can pastor to take charge of the school. ministrati{)n. Services have been largely This school has kept up well all through attended, including prayer meetings.

the months of disturbance, but now Work on new buildings has been seems to be losing ground. Our school somewhat interrupted, tho plans for in Monterey had an American principal, new buildings have been made, and whom we recalled two years ago, and negotiations started for the purchase we succeeded in finding a Mexican of land for their erection. Our young man to take charge of the school. missionaries have deprecated United In Puebla, we have an American kinder- States intervention on the ground that gartner, who is in charge of the day it would antagonize the Mexicans in general, and increase their suspicion of begin to realize and appreciate the benea spirit of aggression on the part of the fit. I have become convinced that there United States in her dealings with Mex- is no hope for Mexico, or in anything ico. Our missionaries have felt that the except the Christian education of its iloutlook for missionary work, when order literate masses. was restored, was brighter than ever. The Roman Catholic hierarchy and International Y. M. C. A. their interests have been so attacked of late that the situation of Protestant Barring financial difficulties, the past missions has been improved. year-and two months in particular- have been the most fruitful ever experi- Presbyterian Church (South) enced by the Associations in our three stations in Mexico, judging particularly The work of the Southern Presby- by the depth and prevalence of genl11ne terian Church in Mexico is in the two religioui> interest. The membership i'as north border states of Tamaulipas and exceeded in volume also any previous Neuvo Leon, and the stations occupied period. Not counting Mexican secreare: Linares, C. Victoria, Matamoras and aries, we have three Americans in Mex- Montemorelos. For two years past our ico City, all of whom are married, one missionaries have not attempted to live in Monterey and one in Chihuahua, both in Mexico. They have remained at of the latter being single. We have two points on the border and have made new men under appointment for the latvisits to the field as conditions admitted. ter city. Weare leaving to the discre- tion of the several men and their ad- Through all the troubles of the past visors whether or not they shall rei ire two years the native church in our field from the field. has .held together and carded on its work with vigor and succes·s. The ab- War with Mexico could not fail to sence of the missionaries except for the place our American secretaries in very occasional visits' they made, did not delicate relations, tho their known prove to be a disadvantage in every friendship for the Mexican people would respect. A new spirit of self-reliance protect them from violence. seemed to be developed in the native church. Regular services were contin- Southern Baptist Convention ued in nearly all the churches, the day schools were kept in operation, some At present, we have in our South good evangelistic meetings were held, as Mexican Mission Rev. J. E. Davis and the result of which many were brought wife in Mexico City and Rev. C. L. into the church. Neal and wife at Toluca. Thei>e mis- pionaries have remained in Mexico The immediate result of war with the throughout the revolutionary period. A United States would inevitably be to number of the other missionaries in the inflame the hostility of the Mexican South Mexican Mission have felt that people towards Americans to such an it was better for them to leave their extent that missionary work among them stations. of any kind will be n;ndered impossible for some time to come. If our country In our North Mexican field Rev. W. could inaugurate a regime of kindness F. Hatchell is still in Juarez and Rev. and justice in dealing with the Mexican people, I do not believe it would be very J. S. Cheavans is at Eagle Pass, Texas. long before the opprest millions who have suffered so long at the hands of the Other-s ha~e returned to the United t~w wlW h.av~ Qwned. the countrr wou.lcl States.

We have been c{)nducting consider- able mission operations in the North Mexican field throughout the revolu- tionar:y I?eriod and the wQrk ha.s bec:11,

remarkably blest of the Lord through disastrous to Protestant miSSions. The these distressing times. In fact, we have forces which have produced the friction, been deeply imprest with the remarkable which have fomented the strife and success that has attended the labors of stand ready to finance the war as far our foreign missionaries and their na- as Mexico is concerned, are hostile to tive co-laborers. There were reported Protestant missions and to democracy. 194 baptisms in our Mexican missions The outcome of such a war will almost last year, which was about the average inevitably strengthen the position of the number for many years. We have been anti-Protestant forces. If Carranza on greatly pleased to witness the faithful- the other hand could be encouraged and ness and effectiveness of our native supported in this aged long struggle of brethren. In spite of the hardships they Mexico for independent and democratic have had to endure, !hey have rendered government, Protestant missions would a splendid account of themselves and receive every encouragement and, upon have been very active in preaching the his success, the doors of opportunIty Gospel. The people have never been would be forever thrown wide open to more receptive to the Gospel-preaching the Christian forces of North America. than they have been during the last year. The turn which the aJitation has taken will doubtless be harmful to Protes["nl I shudder at the thought of war with missions, even should war be averted Mexico. I do pray that this threatened Our devout and earnest prayer is that calamity may be averted. It would be a we may escape war with torn and perlong drawn-out struggle and much blood- turbed Mexico. shed and the consequent embittering of the Mexicans against the people in the Methodist Episcopal Church United States. At the same time, I realize that if there should be a war There has been no real disturbance ill between the two countries, the ultimate our Missions, but our schools have been result would be the opening of Mexico closed. in a wider way to the Gospel message. Up to July 1 we had twelve or more Methodist Church (South) American workers in Mexico located at Guanajuato, Mexico City, Pachuca, We have at present but two men in Puebla. Since then, most of them have the interior of Mexico, the Superinten- come home. dent of the Mexico City District and the Superintendent of the Guadalajara The United States would make a mis- District. We have three other superin- take to intervene because the people tendents who have been looking after would at once be cemented against the their work with more or less interrup- United States, for all of them are hearttion, namely: Superintendent of the purposed to free their country of the Monterey District, Superintendent of land owners and to enjoy real liberty. the El Paso District and Superintendent They are only divided concerning of the Pacific Mexico Mission. These methods. They argue that the territory last three men have been living in border loss of the former Mexican war will be towns on the United States side. duplicated if they do not utterly lose their independence. None but the Mexi· Several of our schools have gone on cans themselves can solve the disorder· with little or no intermption and with ing problems among them. These very good patronage under superintendence disorders are the b;rth-struggles of a of native workers. better day. They are strong enough to solve them ultimately. It would require In my judgment, war between the 100,000 soldkn and <l,t least five year~ Vnited States and Mexico would prove to subjugate them at all. They would tion at Mexico City is in charge of a harass and destroy our troops in every native physician and preacher. His last conceivable way. They would stop at no letter indicates that they are meeting measure known to the Indian to pick off with success, and that up to the time of our men and harass the army. We hope his letter the work had continued uninthat war will be averted. terrupted. W e have three stations in Southern Mexico, but all have been Christian Woman's Board of Missions closed. No doubt, the above also an- A few years ago, we had sixteen swers your fourth question as to the results of the disturbance among the American mIssIOnaries in Mexico. Protestant work. Our missionary re- When the orders came, about three years ports that he has a large hearing and ago, for Americans to come out of Mex- that they have some real definite reico, our workers came away, many of sults. them against their own wishes. We have been able to keep from four to six Hephzibah Faith Mi.sionary American missionaries in our station at Piedras Negras, just across the river On account of disturbances two years from Eagle Pass, Texas. A telegram ago in Mexico, our missionaries were last week told us that they had all come compelled to leave the field. '1 hey were across the river to Eagle Pass, bringing located in Tuxpam, and were in the the little orphanage group with them, midst of the disturbances for several and their medical work also. weeks, and felt that the Lord signally worked for them in protecting them, and In several towns where we had a good keeping them in peace in the midst of the active church, I suppose there is really trouble. Since then the country has nothing left of our work except as it been in such a disturbed condition, that may be in the scattered individuals. we have not thought it best for them Some of the mining towns have been en- to return. There was a company of tirely broken up. Christians to which they ministered, and they have kept in tOllch with them Pentecostal Church of the Nazarene more or less by letter. All of our American workers have returned to the United States. Our sta- "YE DID IT NOT" * BY c. MAUD BROWN A poor blind man-he passed me by the And cast a gleam of sunshine on his blind- wayside, ness, He could not see me-how I turned Who by no kind or friendly hand was led. away; He passed me by so slowly, stopping, Soon he was lost to view, and then the stumbling, day died, His face as anxious with unspoken fear; Soon on us both night's dark'ning shad- In heavy clouds a distant storm was rum- ows lay. bling, But since that hour his list'ning face is And dangers that he knew not might be ever near. Rising before me as I come and go, Why did I let him pass? He who will Why was I silent? Were the angels weep- ing? never. Pass me again-no rivers backward flow. Was it not stich the Saviour died to win; Poor, lonely, blind-Christ have you in His I might have cheered with unexpected kindness keeping, He would have helped you-great has That lonely heart whose hope had long been dead. been my Sill,

E IT DJ

I WAR'S WORST PERIL and clothing; it is harder to combat than T is estimated that three million men cold or heat; it is' ten-fold more deadly -the flower of Europe, Canada and than bullets; it is worse than typhus Australia, have already been killed or epidemics. Although it may not necesmaimed in the great and deadly strife sarily kill or maim, it as certainly dethat is shaking the world. Fathers and stroys the efficiency of the soldiers. mothers, sisters, wives and children give What is this deadly peril? up their loved ones for their country's sake. One-tenth of the troops passing through a certain port in Europe on their Every land is filled with mourning. way to the front have been incapacitated The loss is unspeakable, for the carnage for service because of venereal diseases of war is awful. But this is not the contracted in that port. They were there greatest peril and price of war. on an average of only two weeks and had previously passed satisfactorily their There are five million men shut up in physical tests. the prison camps of Europe and AS'ia. These outnumber the total armies ever Their fight for character was lost beengaged in any previous conflict. The fore they had struck their first blow for warring nations, prest on every side, their country. A Christian officer on find it impossible to provide suitable shel- being compassionated because of the ter, clothing, food and employment for number of his men who had fallen in an these millions. Hundreds of thousands exposed position in battle, replied that are encamped in prison, which can not that loss was nothing compared with the be heated in the arctic winters. Many loss of those men who had fallen through of the war prisoners, without recrea- sin. Lord Kitchener in his addresses to tion or employment, and not knowing troops warned them against the two how long their confinement will last or deadliest enemies of the soldiers-intoxiwhat has become of their homes and fam- cants and immorality. ilies, lose their health and their reason. They become broken down maniacs or This danger which besets the soldiers embittered against God and mankind. makes a veritable hell in the vicinity of Thousands of these prisoners die physical, the camps, not only of Europe but of mental and spiritual deaths. It is an America. Before the troops arrived at awful consequence of war, and yet this the Mexican border, human vultures is not the worst price that the nations and vampires had preceded them to lay are paying. in wait for the boys and young men. In these camps, the drills and minor du- The most deadly and permeating peril des do not occupy all the day, and enis one not mentioned in the newspa- nui and nervous desire for excitement pers or war histories, and not often and amusement often lead the young 5'01referred to in letters or reports. It is diers into thoughless excesses that inthe peril that no government has ever volve awful consequences. yet laid adequate plans to overcome. It is a ~Teater dan~er than lack Qf fooq One hundred and fifty thousand Amer- ican troops are called to the Me~icall border. They are composed mostly of ernments co.uld well afford. to supply young men, some of them still in high school and not seasoned in character. If these social centers and workers-for they yield to temptations thrust in their way they will bring back in their bodies military efficiency-but they do not. It and souls the deadly results that will spread disease and death. is well that they should be supplied by What is to be done? Two things are Christian men and women at home, and necessary. First, the Government must engage in a work of moral sanitation and controlled by Christian leaders. One do all in its power to keep away unmoral as well as physical contamination from man in New York has agreed to erect the camps. But this is negative and not sufficient. two buildings and to support four sec- Second, Christians and those most in- retaries. Let others see the vision and terested in the soldiers must provide for them healthful surroundings and occu- respond to the call. Now is the time. pations' for them wherever possible. This work is being undertaken by the When the troops return it will be too International y, M. C. A. Already Dr. John R. Mott and his associates have late. Gifts may be sent to the Internaestablished a wonderful work among the soldiers and war prisoners of Europe and tional Y. M. C. A., 124 East 28th St., Mesopotamia, He has recently called for fifty more secretaries. Mr. Fletcher New Yark. Your son or brother or S. Brockman, the associate general secretary, is undertaking to establish a sim- friend may be in danger. This greatilar work among the American troops on the Mexican border. Fifty buildings are est peril in war must be met by the needed as socia! centers in as many camps', and at least one hundred secre- prayers and sacrifices of Christians at taries. These buildings provide writing material-a great boon-and reading home. matter, games, music, refreshments and amusements. Moving picture machines CHRISTIAN WARFARE are required for the long evenings, and athletic contests must be arranged. T HREE hundred years ago Erasmus, Special secretaries and evangelists' are in his introduction to "Enchiridion being enlisted to go from camp to camp directing the activities of the men and Militis Christiani," delivered a message holding religious meetings and forming Bible classes. on military methods which might 'be This is constructive work, the impor- quoted as a newspaper dispatch from a tance of ~hich is inestimable. TheY, M. C. A. asks only $200,000 to estab- missIOnary in Turkey to-day. He lish and conduct this work up to January Ist-a paltry sum compared with that speaks of the true verity of Christ in spent on 'baseball and football or in actual warfare. ~reat Britain alone is spending view of the war against the Turks: that amount in twenty minutes. The gov- "The best way and most effectual to overcome and win the Turks should be if they shall perceive that thing which Christ taught and exprest in His life to shine in us. For, truly, it is not meet nor convenient to declare ourselves Christian men by this proof or token, if we kill very many, but rather if we save very many; nor if we send thou- sands of heathen people to hell, but if we make many infidels faithful. Altho the chance of war . . . should fall so luckily to us that we had gotten the vic- tory so should it be brought to pass that the Pope's dominions and his cardinals Wight be enlarged, but not the kingdom of Christ, which finally flourisheth and is in prosperity if faith, love, peace and chastity be quick and strong, . . . In my mind it were the best, before we should try with them in battle, to at- tempt them with epistles and some little books." ,

WODLD-WIDE

MlSSIONADY NEWS EUROPE-BRJTJSH ISLES The I1tternational Rev£ew of Mis- British Laymen'8 Movement and the Wat sions states that the income of the So- T HE National Laymen's Missionary ciety for the Propagation of the Gospel Movement in Great Britain has been met its expenditures. The Wesleyan heavily crippled through the war. The Methodist Society covered its expendi- secretary of the Scottish Movement has tures and cleared off a deficit. The been under arms for more than a year China Inland Mission increased its in- and is now in command of a battalion; come. The London Missionary So- the secretary of the British Movement, ciety (Congregational) passed through Mr. T. R. W. LUnt having completed a crisis triumphantly. The Baptist Mis- his training as an officer of the Royal sionary Society has paid its way. No Field Artillery, has gone to the front; missionary organization has had to Ireland haS' in the same way lost some be disbanded.

leading workers. But the work goes on quietly and deeply, for men already Children'. League of Pity weighted with heavy tasks are keeping it alive until its leaders can resume SCOTLAND has worked out a plan their posts. A specially interesting piece for keeping the boys and the girls of work, a club at Barton-on-Sea in of that country interested in the wel- connection with the convalescent home fare of children less fortunate than for wounded Indian soldiers, has been themselves. The movement known as carried to completion by the British the Scottish Children's League of Pity Movement, and has won appreciation began in 1893, and has since grown from the authorities and gratitude from into a large national organization. It the men.-C. M. S. Review. is really an auxiliary organization of Missionary Giving in War Time the Scottish Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, and turns over W E might have expected that dur- practically all of the funds which it ing this year of suffering the raises to that society. More than $216,- British gifts to foreign missions would 000 have been secured for child pro- have fallen off. On the CO[l(rary, they tection since the league was started.

have increased. The membership of the league is The gross receipts of the Church made up of children who are classed Missionary Society for the year ending as juniors, if under 14 years of age, March 31 amounted to £382,948, whick and seniors between that age and 18.

is £24,082 more than was received dur- The children are organized in groups ing the previous twelve months. There or circles. These are found now in were 36,335 misSionary-boxes issued nearly every section of the country.

from the Church Missionary House The league has an associate member- during the year. This figure is a rec- ship for adults who are expected to ord, the number issued during the promote the work of the children's previous year being 12,175. society throughout Scotland. THE CONTINENT have acted as spies; others have been invaluable in connection with the Red TSuffering in France and Belgium Cross and Ambulance Department. HE Commission for Relief in Bel- gium appeals to the American people BiLles Needed for Soldiers to give largely in aid of the people in that portion of France occupied by the IN an address before the Executive Germans. An area of over 1,200 square miles, with a population of 1,250,000, is Committee of the World's Sunday dependent almost entirely on the Com- School Association, Dr. John R. Mott mission for food. Supplies are scarce, said, with reference to the present un- so that the slight aid the Commission limited opportunity for the distribu- is now able to give is wholly inadequate. tion of the New Testament and the Unless Americans' furnish the needed preaching of the Gospel among the help the results will be tragic. This is men engaged in the European war: but one more of the horrors of the awful struggle. "In nearly thirty years of passing in and out anfong the nations, of stand- MThe MeAII Mission and the Boy Scouts ing before great citadels and great ANY workers of the McAll Mis- opportunities, I have never known any- sion are serving as chaplains in thing to compare with the opportunity the army and the fleet, and not a few presented to us just now by the millions are in the trenches. While the salles of men under arms and in the miliare thus handicapped, the general com- tary prisons. mittee, most of whom are beyond the military age, are all working over- "The place where the Gospel is time, and the wives of the variuus needed most is the place where the agents throughout France are valiantly men pause before going into battIe, filling their husbands' places as preach- or where they come back to recupeers, teachers, etc. Hundreds of McAII rate. If ever a man needs help, it is converts on the firing line have been under those conditions." acting as lay evangelists among theit comrades. Five cents will provide a soldier in the hospital, trench or prison camp The war has opened a new field of with a copy of the New Testament. endeavor to the McAII Mission because Through contributions received from of the necessity for relief, and there- Sunday-school scholars and adults in for some of the salles now serve as the United States, the World's Sunday hospitals. One of the chapel boats has School Association, in cooperation with been utilized as a hospital. Many ou- the American Bible Society, has provroirs and cantines or meeting and eat- vided nearly 500,000 Testaments and ing places for men and women hav.e Gospels for the European soldiers. been opened. There is no limit to the number that are needed. It is' interesting to note that the Boy Scout movement was introduced into Protestants in Rome France by a McAII man, and that the movement has done so much in the T HE Tribune de Geneve, apropos of way of solving the problem of the street boy that the man who started the Pope's recent words about it has been elected to membership in Protestant churches in Rome, makes a the French Academy. Some of the little survey of these churches and their Scouts have s'erved in the army and work. The English Baptists have three churches; the American Baptists, one; the American Methodists, one, besides large edifices containing orphan asy- lums, schools, printing offices, etc. The

English Wesleyans have one church. Red Cross work and the usual staff The Waldensians have two large struc- as well as many missionaries besides tures-one of them a splendid temple joined in caring for the wounded and recently erected by an American lady. the grievously sick. Three of the Besides these Italian churches are the Board's most skilful and valued doctors places of worship of the various Protes- have died during the year; most of the tant colonies which are also attended others have suffered from typhUS or by Italians. The beautiful American other epidemic diseases. Episcopal Church of St. Paul, the three churches of the British Protestants, the The death, from overwork and ty- German and the other chapels are of phus, of Dr. Fred D. Shepard, of Ainthis type. The Salvation Army is tab, a physician whose life and work about to open a People's Home in one were known far and wide, left the full of the crowded quarters of the city. hospital at Aintab in the hands of Dr. The Young Men's Christian Associa- Caroline Hamilton, who had typhus, but tion has a large fine building in a con- is up and at work again, with the help spicuous situation. Its management is of orderlies furnished by the military of course Protestant, but its member- authorities and some assistance from an ship chiefly Catholic.-Record of Chris- Armenian staff doctor. tian Work. Notwithstanding deaths and removals, Plight of Austrian Jews all the Board's hospitals, with the ex- ception of the one in Van, are in opera- T HE English Missionary, Feinsilber, tion to-day. has been allowed to continue his work among the Jews of Galicia and Things that Remain in Turkey Buckowina undisturbed by the Austrian Government. He says the poverty and T HE American Board has issued a trouble among the 200,000 Jews of leaflet which reveals the influence these provinces is indescribable. Wom- of the Armenian martyrs. en and children are perishing for hunger everywhere; never in his life has Men and women, young men and he experienced such awful times, but he maidens, college professors, preachers, says that never in his life has he Bible-women, down to the humblest felt the presence and blessing of Christ church-member, proved faithful unto as much as now.-Israels Missionen. death. They bore their unanswerable witness before. the Turkish official and MOSLEMS IN ASIA the Mohammedan populace. It could not but make its impress; it can not be American Hospitals in Turkey forgotten; it will be an abiding spiritual force in the land. UNDER normal circumstances the American Board maintains nine The prestige of the missions and the hospitals and ten dispensaries in the missionaries also remains; not only re- Turkish Empire in which in the year mains, but has tremendously increased, before the present war 39,503 patients partly because of their personal characwere received and 134,357 treatments ters and partly owing to their achievgiven. At the end of 1914 eleven phy- ments in relief work. sicians, missionaries of the Board, were in Turkey, three of them being women. The continuance of the schools and higher institutions of learning is remark- As 500n as the war broke out the able. It is true that many, especially of American hospitals were offered for the lower schools, have been closed for the lack of both pupils and teachers. But many of the higher schools, and al- WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS most all the colleges have been running, filled the Mechanic's Hall, the largest tho usually with a lessened roll of stu- ~lUditoriuminthe city. The dominant note dents and fewer instructors. For these was: "We have arrived at the psychoand other reasons, it is believed that the logical moment to possess Palestine for future will hold greater opportunities in the new Davidic kingdom." The steamer the Turkish Empire than have ever been wnich conveyed the New York delegates known. tu Boston is said to have Hown the Jewish flag at her masthead. Quite apart The Future of the Armenian. from the Zionist organization, a wide- spread movement has been set on foot in J-N his recent treatment of the Armenian Italy, known as Pro Causa Hebraica. people, the Turk has been seen at his The object of this movement is to imworst; in his most cruel and fanatic press Christian public opinion in the civtemper. He has struck his Armenian ilized world with the immediate necessity subjects indiscriminately, remorselessly, of solving the Jewish problem by the and with murderous intent. He has establishment of a Jewish autonomous done his best, say those who know the state in Palestine. situation, to clear his land of a people whose thrift, industry, patience and Heroism of Persian Christians growing prosperity made him insanely jealous. He has done it even to his own IN recalling the heroism of the missionhurt, as' he has robbed his country of its aries in U rumia and other Persian efficient men; from many a city and cities, it should not be forgotten how town the shoemaker, the tailor, the baker, ably their efforts were seconded by some the dentist, the artizan, the banker, all of their Persian colleagues. are gone; and the Turks are crying out ruefully, "Who will work for us?" But One of the native physicians received they are a hardy and prolific people; in- a martyr's' crown in the village of Khan~ dustrious, thrifty, ambitious; give them ishan. Four died during the epidemic. half a chance and they are bound to The devotion of the native Christians is recuperate. If it be made possible for worthy of all praise. One of the native them to return to the land and to dwell physicians was the assistant in the hosin it, they will reestablish themselves and pital, where he had been since his gradrebuild their fortunes. Solidified and uation in 1908, and was a most faithful chastened by what they have suffered, and efficient man. During the first awful they will be yet more amenable to the days of fear, murder, and rapine, it was preaching of the Gospel and the ministry his hands that drest and re-drest most of Christian helpfulness. If the mingled of the wounded, with the help of medical fear and hate in which for generations students; he thought little of himself and they have borne the yoke of the op- wore himself out until he could not eat, pressor shall be removed by their en- keeping on at his work for three days franchisement from his power, who can after he began to be ill. His life was estimate what a force they may become given in the noblest self-sacrifice and for the implanting of a vital Christianity many people will remember him with in the nearer East. deep affection. Another was a refugee in the mission compound. His wife, a The Jews and Palestine graduate of medicine in America, in spite of the death of her husband and two THE greatest conference ever held in children, kept bravely on with her work connection with the Zionist move- trying to relieve the suffering, especially ment met in the spring in Boston, when of the women and girls. some seven thousand delegates repeatedly INDIA, BURMA, CEYLON done in Batemanabad, a Panjab village with about five hundred inhabitants. To Educate the Outcaste There is a little company that have banded· themselves together to seek to ..ONE of our great needs," the Rev. prove the fulness of what Christ means. One of their leaders, a mystic through T. P. Butlin, of Aurangabad, wrote and through, has made for himself a cross of many-colored woods, which he recently "is the education of the Indian carries with him wherever he goes, to Church in our district." There are some remind himself and others of the One 1,500 Christians scattered over many 'Whose he is, and Whom he serves.' hundreds of square miles in 83 villages, in many of which there is not even a "They meet daily and sit sometimes government school. In consequence a half through the night singing and praylarge community is growing up in igno- ing and exhorting. Their main purpose is rance of the knowledge of God. Of the evangelization. There afe Sikh villages position of the outcaste just come from round where they get a friendly welcome, heathenism, Mr. Butlin writes: "It is I fancy largely because of their beautian axiom of Hinduism that no outcaste ful singing, and where there is a real ought ever to read, write, or, in fact, movement towards Christianity. One of be educated. ~uppose by any chance the villagers has written a metrical verthere is a government school, or even sion of St. Luke's Gospel in .pa~jabi. private school, in the village, the Brah- The Psalms in their Panjabi version are man master (the master is invariably a an integral part of their life. Brahman) will throw all the materials toward the outcaste, i.e., slate, pencil, The Salvation Army in India etc., or at any rate put them on the ground, taking care never to touch him. T HE recent visitors t.) Mr. Higgin- The boy has to sit a considerable distance bottom's demonstrate farm is conaway from the caste boys for fear of de- nection with Allahabad College included filement. As to giving him any partic- Commissioner Booth-Tucker, head of the ular attention whereby he may get on, Salvation Army in India. He was in the master would consider that a sin and the Civil Service and had already risen a shame. If in spite of all the draw- high; he would probably have been backs put in his way the poor boy doe, Lieut.-Governor and a Knight, but gave manage to read-'Well, of course it it up for fhe Salvation Army. He goes can't be helped; who can fight against barefooted and wears sandals, and a turfate' ? It is quite true that all this is ban, on which is written "Mukti Manj" against the law, but who is to see that (Salvation Army). He gave a splendid the law is carried on when the whole talk to the students on service, and they public opinion of the village is on the a1l crowded round to know how they side of the Grahman"? could help him without becoming Chris- tians! The Salvation Army has 7,000 An Indian Christian Community people of the criminal tribes, given into their complete care by the Government, "W E are always hoping that India and Booth-Tucker told Mr. Higgin- botham that if he were beginning his mis- will think out and interpret Chris- sionary "ervice ill. India again, he ~ould tianity for herself, not rejecting the go into his work. He said that is the mighty heritage of the past, but seeing Gospel India needs. He is going to send the message both of the Bible and. the twelve men regularly to Jearn agricul- Church through Indian eyes, growing or- ture to teach the criminals, and perhaps ganically from within, not mechanically from without. I see real signs," writes the Bishop of Lahore, "of this being

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the Salvation Army will assist in the querors of the past in one great ava· support of the farm. lanche of invasion upon the open plains of India. But nearly twenty-two months Christian Endeavor in India have gone by and the project has not yet materialized. There have been raids and CHRISTIAN Endeavor membership fights upon the frontier-seven serious in India has more than doubled in attacks by independent tribesmen. But the last ten years. In 1905 there were there are no two years when there are 750 societies registered; now there are not raids and fights. And the great out- 1,678. The membership in 1905 was 22,- standing fact is that the Amir of Af- 099; it is now 48,124. Twenty-three out ghanistan stood stedfastly by the assurof the 50 members of the Christian En- ance of neutrality which he gave Lord deavor Council and three of the 10 Hardinge at the outbreak of the war." members of the Executive Committee are native Indians. In the local s'Ocieties A New Judson Memorial in Burma most of the work is done by the Indian Christians, thus giving the maximum op- AMASSIVE block of marble, seven portunity for training to those who will feet in length, has been placed to make up the future church of India. mark the site of the Ava prison where Adorniam Judson suffered in 1824. The When the National Missionary Coun- monument, set on a plot of ground nearly cil for India was organized recently, a two acres in extent, is the gift of Dr. sub-committee was appointed on work Henry M. Sanders of New York, who in among young people. Of this commit- additipn will erect a rest house for tee Rev. William Carey is chairman, and travelers and for the religious instn,lcother members include Rev. Herbert Hal- tion of wayfarers; walks will be laid liwell, general secretary, and Rev. George out, and shade trees planted. The rest W. Brown, Ph.D., treasurer of the India house will measure twenty-one by four- Christian Endeavor Union. teen feet, while the old prison was forty by thirty feet square. The smaller build- On the Afghan Frontier ing will permit the introduction of cer- tain architectural features desirable in W HILE the Afghans do not permit a landscape somewhat severe. It will be Christians to live and work on their made of mason work and steel beams and land, they are friendly to the British will last a century. A considerable sum government. will be wisely invested to secure an an- nual incotte for the perpetual care of the Lieut.-Col. Sir Francis Younghusband, place. The entire cost will probably be leader of the mission to Tibet in 1904, between 5,000 and 6,000 rupees. and for many years in Government service in India, recently told of unfriendly Tamil Coolies in Ceylon attempts to stir up trouble among the warlike and hot-blooded tribesmen on the T HE growth of the tea and rubber northwest frontier of India. He said in industries in Ceylon has brought to part: the island hundreds of thousands of Ta- mil coolies to work on the' estates. A "There is always in Afghanistan a sec- special mission to this class has been' tion bitterly and fanatically oppos'ed to instituted, dividing the island into three any friendship between Afghans and sections. Mr. Butterfield, an Anglican British. Both Turks and Germans na- clergyman in charge of the Central diturally set to work on this material, and vision, has fourteen districts to oversee. tried to raise a Jehad, a Holy War. Here are nearly 1,000 estates with a pop- They hoped to start off these Afghans, and with them thousands of headstrong tribesmen, in the wake of the great con-

ulation of 200,000 non-Christian coolies. both places where we celebrated it and He has in his staff two school-teachers, all communed. By invitation one of one Tamil assistant, and sixteen cate- their helpers distributed the cups." Preschists to work this vast field. byterian and Baptist converts have all agreed among themselves to "know no Much help is given the Central divi- sides." They say they are "all on Jesus' sion by the Tea Coolie Mission in London side." A proposal is made to make The which supports five catechists. Many White Elephant, the organ of the South of the planters in Ceylon cooperate with Siam Mission, a union organ for all misthe missionaries. Other superintendents sions working in the country. "If it is oppose them. Preaching services are held possible," says the report, "to secure the for the coolies on the muster grounds be- cooperation of societies at work in fore they scatter for the day's work and Burma on the west and in French Indoin their "lines" when they have finished China on the east, a periodical reprefor the day. There is' a considerable senting all Protestant missionary work purchase of the Scripture and distribu- in Indo-China, as the Chinese Recorder tion of evangelical handbills. No gen- in China, might be established." Everyeral turning to Christ has yet been re- one who reads the Recorder would reported, but there are sporadic conver- joice to see it duplicated in the countries sions.-A Record of Christian Work. south of China.

SIAM AND LOOS CHINA Evil Spirits and Doctors in Siam Chinese Christians In Business T HE doctors of the Presbyterian hos- ANOTABLE illustration of Christian- pitals in Siam send home various in- ity in business is afforded by the teresting items of news. Doctor Park of Hongkong China Company, a firm of Prae describes the case of a woman who Chinese operating in Hongkong and came to his hospital saying that there Shanghai with a capital of $750,000. Its was a spirit in her abdomen. The spirit- four-story department store and fivedoctor had told her so and given her story hotel in Shanghai will be completed many kinds of treatment. The spirit early in 1917, and its six-story store proved to be a cyst which discharged, in Canton is already open for business. when drained, three gallons of fluid. The Elevators and roof gardens are feapatient returned home in good health, to tures of each building. the great astonishment of her friends. "We have had many visitors to inspect Christianity is being lived by both the spirit now preserved in spirits." employers and employes in the Canton Doctor Mason of Chiengmai speaks of establishment, which is known locally as many patients brought to his hospital the store of the Sincere Company. as a last resort, unfortunates who other- Christian employes have formed a sowise would die on the streets. "Such ciety called "The Sincere Christian Aswe have not only to feed but to bury as sociation," which makes itself responsiwell." ble for the morals' of the yourig men em- ployed by training them in .Christian Christian Fraternity in Siam principles. Physical, mental arid moral instruction is given, a special night school W E find a note of Christian unity having been opened. A weekly and in the Siamese jungle. "In Muang monthly newspaper i~ issued by this so- Yawng," writes a Presbyterian mission- ciety. "The Christians in this estabary, "we met four Baptist helpers and lishment consider personal work and found them and their converts as cordial muttial helpfulness their he'aven-born as' ever. They attended communion in

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duty," declares a Chinese writer in The hundred miles from any missionary; but Chinese Christian InteUigencer. the 'Gospel Mail' finds them out, because they are postal officials, and, as every A similar society exists in another number puts them in communication with large Canton institution, the store of the our missionary at Shanghai, they can, "True Light Company." Every Sunday after reading these messages, write to night a lecture is given or a discussion him of their soul's needs. A good many, on a worth-while subject held 'by the from all parts of China, take advantage members. More than thirty have joined of this; and very touching is the soula Bible class. hunger revealed in these communica- tions. One man registered his letter to A Christian Chinese Weekly insure its reaching our missionary-Mr. Heal-because it contained that all-im- "T HE general excellence of the In- portant question, 'What must I do to be saved?' " telligencer causes men to honor Chinese Christians." So writes Mr. Kao, TChinese Women as Bible.Class Teachers a prominent business man in China, con- HE women of China, following in the cerning the Chinese Christian lntelli- steps of their American sisters, are gencer, a weekly, giving both religious training for leadership in the Adult Biand general news, which is published by ble Class work of their country, says the the American Presbyterian Mission. Mr. World Sunday-school Association. Dur- Kao commends the paper still further, as ing the past year, five Bible Training follows: COIlferences have been held in China as an outgrowth of the evangelistic "The lntelligencer has brought life and movement inaugurated by Mr. Eddy. activity to the Chinese Church. A few No women were in attendance at the years ago Chinese Christians were un- first two of these conferences, which acquainted with each other and their were held in Kuling and Mukden; while work was individual and isolated. Your the last three, held in Swatow; Canton paper has changed all that. Not only has and Foochow, were all attended by it linked together the Chinese Church in women. Two Bible Conferences, one in different parts of China, but it has in- Kuling and one in North China, are spired members to greater effort. Re- now being held especially for women. ports of revivals throughout the country American methods of Sunday-school orpublished in the paper have moved the ganization are taught in these conferpeople to greater activity. It has wid- ences, as these methods are found to be ened the .intellectual horizon, explained especially adapted to the Chinese. The the difficult parts of the Bible, and by its women, who are trained in these conarticles on the regulation of home life ferences, will, in their turn, organize and conduct elevated the home." classes which will be centers of service for other women. The Gospel for Chinese Postal Officials Careful "follow-up" work is planned D R. S. M. ZWEMER tells in the for each of these Bible conferences. Christian Herald of an effort to The Swatow Conference will have eleven meet the spiritual needs of the post-office "follow-up" meetings, the Canton Conemployes in China: ference, fourteen, while the Foochow Sunday-school Union,. with the various "Through our little 'Gospel Mail' mag- Chinese Sunday-school secretaries emazine, which goes to the post-offices ployed by the several denominations, throughout the Chinese Empire, we have the great privilege of, sending the glad tidings to many intelligent and thoughtful Chinamen who have no other means of spiritual help. It mal be they are a

will be able efficiently to follow up the Baron Ishii spoke most warmly of good conference held there. Bishop Harris's life and work, and said: "If all Americans were as open to the Morphia Succeeds Opium Japanese as Bishop Harris is, and if the Japanese respected all Americans as AFTER a tour through the districts they respect Bishop Harris, there would be permanent friendship between the around Peking, a report on opium two nations. There could be no grave and morphia consumption has' been pre- questions arising between them." pared and sent to the National Opium Prohibition Society by Mr. Fu, Engi- Bishop Harris is to return to Japan neer-in-Chief of the Hua Hsing Mining to spend his years in promoting a cordial Company. Among other things the re- relationship between Japan and America. port says that in the south of Peking He will have the opportunity to develop opium has alm'ost entirely disappeared, a better understanding and appreciation but morphia has taken its place. Among of Christianity through his approach to the poor, five coppers is paid for each the leadership of Japan. He plans to hypodermic inj ection, whereas the rich give a large portion of his time and usually go to Tientsin and lay in a influence to make the World's Sundaystock for themselves. It is sold in nearly school Convention the most important every Japanese drug shop in Tientsin at world gathering ever held in Japan, beabout ten dollars an ounce, and retailed cause of its historical, strategical and in the districts at about ten times that uniting value following the greatest war amount. The trade is such a profitable in history. one that the Yamen runners find it worth their while to keep their mouths A Christian Leper Poet shut. THE Japanese government maintains A missionary living near the border a hospital for lepers at Oshima, a of lower Mongolia reports similar conditions, as follows: small island near Takamatsu. Most of the lepers, when they come to this institu- "Japanese are busy selling morphia tion, are very bigoted Buddhists, and and syringes, surreptitiously; and re- they actually drove away the Christian cently one of their victims came to the superintendent six years ago, and rehospital, a broken wreck of a splendid quested the missionaries to discontinue young fellow. The Chinese have stamp- their visits. So for nearly two years no ed out opium in this province and all the Christian work was done there, and then cases I get are through smuggled there came a request to come again from opium." the lepers themselves, and now the place is visit(~d regularly every month. Prac- JAPAN-CHOSEN tically all of the patients are now at least tolerant toward Christianity. Six men Japanese Tributes to Bishop Harris have been baptized and about fifteen have become so interested that they at- T HE farewell banquet which was tend aU the meetings. Among the bap- given for ,Bishop Harris of the tized Christians is one Nagata San, who has had the disease for many years and Methodist Church by a notable company is in a serious condition. He is not only of Japanese was an illustration of the a Christian of nearly two years' experiplace which a missionary may come to ence, but is also a poet, and it is his deoccupy in the land of his adoption. light to write for the little paper pub- lished by the TakamiJ.tsu Christi~ns, The government had exprest appreciation of Bishop Harris by presenting to him the Third Order of the Rising Sun; and at the banquet he received the Second Order of the Sacred Treasljn;.

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His Citizenship Restored esting fable in which educational in- struction is involved. SOME years ago a criminal who was in prison nine times became a Chris- Japan and Sunday-schoola tian. Upon his release he started a home for discharged prisoners. He had been pREPARATraNS are still in progress a pickpocket, and one time had stolen at Tokyo, Japan, for the World's seven watches in the course of a halfhour's railway journey. He has lived Eighth Sunday-school Convention, in an exemplary Christian life. He has a spite of the fact that the date is deferred beautiful family. His children like Sun- until after the close of the European day better than any day in the week war. The Japanese Committee, of because it is the Lord's Day. At the which Marquis Okuma, premier of the coronation the emp~ror honored this man Empire, is chairman, and Baron Shiby wiping out all records of his misdeeds busawa, Japan's foremost financier, is and by restoring to him all citizen's vice-chairman, has already raised $32,- rights and privileges. '!Then he came to 000 for the reception and entertainment Tokyo to give thanks, the Home De- of the delegates. partment officials recognized his wonderful change in character as a result of But meantime Japanese Christians his having firmly accepted the teachings are making striking progress in Sunof Christ. day-school methods, have opened in Tokyo in February a training school Buddhist Opposition to Christian Sunday- for Sunday-school workers, which now schools has 140 students.

T HE movement on the part of the The full course covers two years, and graduation from the school requires the Buddhists in Japan to keep the completion of ten courses, an average children away from the Christian Sun- of eighty per cent. in attendance and day-schools is growing rapidly. Mr. seventy per cent. in class work. H. E. Coleman, who was sent to Japan last fall by the World's Sunday-school "WE"Better Babies" in Korea Association, as Educational Secretary have just closed our baby show for the Empire, writes that, according at Songdo," writes a missionary to investigation, there are about 680 of the Methodist Episcopal Church. "In Buddhist Sunday – schools throughout more ways than one it was a howling the country, with an enrolment of 110,- success. Each mother was nervously 000 children. The Buddhists plan to eager to have her 'best-ever' baby come bring their Sunday-school membership up to the required standard. The little to 228,000. ones were classified according to age into six divisions. These forty-four In commemoration of the recent coro- small citizens were sub-classified accordnation, a Buddhist Sunday-school has ing to sex, weight, height, chest and been opened in the Temple of Nishi Hon- other measurements. In each section ganji, Tokyo, which is attended weekly appeared a big poster giving detailed inby about three hundred children. For formation as to the points included in the program of service at the Honganji, the scientific care of infants. The docthe children at first sing songs in praise tors patiently explained these points to of the Buddha in front of the statue. a group of enthusiastic mothers, stress- The teacher then gives a simple lecture ing the most common deficiencies and on some part of the Buddhist books suggesting their remedy. Critical judges ilnd tells some Buddhist stor{, or inter- carefully examined each child and de- <,:ided ~s to the winner, and the mother

of the 'banner baby' was warmly con- tour is a part of the Sunday-school camgratulated." paign in one hundred cities of Japan, which is being financed by the World's Soul Winning-How They Do It Sunday-school Association.

A MISSIONARY thus describes some AFRICA of the methods of personal work used by the Korean Christians': "Soon Consecrated to Work for Moslems after my arrival I was assigned to do visiting in certain homes, and a little BLIND KHLlL, one of the native book was given me containing,the names workers in Alexandria, is noted for of each believer. On each page was a his earnest desire for the conversion of second name, and when I asked what Mohammedans. One of the missionaries, that meant I was told that that was the writes of him: name of the unbelieving woman for whom this believing woman had prom- "This man is most earnest and faithised to work and pray until she became ful, always doing more than is required a Christian. As soon as one had become of him. Last year I told you that he had a Christian her name was transferred to lost his two little ones inside of a another place, and the first sister would month. This year he is rejoicing in the select another for whom she would work presence in his home of a little son. When and pray. Pretty definite personal work, I asked him what was the name of the don't you think?" baby, he replied, 'I want to call him Mo- hammed.' 'Why should you give him a Sunday-school Work in Formosa Moslem name?' I said. 'I don't believe you wilJ get anyone to baptize him that.' A TOUR of the Island of Formosa His reply was, 'If I pray a great deal in the interests of Sunday – school for the boy he may become a great work was recently made by Rev. H. Ka- evangelist to the Mohammedans, and if wasumi, General Secretary of the Na- I name him Mohammed they will know tional Sunday-school Association of that I love and care for them, and they Japan, and Rev. K. Mito, representing will be pleased with him because he has the Methodist Sunday-school interests this name.' It ended in his being called in Japan. Mr. Kawasumi, in a letter to 'Raymond Lull' for the great missionary the World's Sunday-school Association, to the Mohammedans." states that he was treated with special courtesy on this tour, being aJlowed to A New Kind of Funeral ride free on both ship and train. At the various points touched, the people T HE funeral in Egypt is one of the were invited by the government officials places where it is becoming more and to listen to himself and Mr. Mito. more possible to preach the Gospel.

In a sixteen days' tour, Mr. Mito and A public blow was dealt the terrible Mr. Kawasumi covered 3,354 miles, vis- mourning customs of the people at the ited ten cities, held fifty-seven meetings, death of Busta Bey Khayat, by the bravattended by 2,539 people. Some of these ery and stedfastness of his widow and meetings were for teachers, some for the daughters, who are devoted Christians, general public and some especially for loved and admired by all who know them children. After the evening meetings, weJl. The man was worthy of all honor, the people came to the hotel and talked and ashe was the last of his generation until midnight, and early the next morn- in a family of old standing and of enoring they were again waiting to listen mous wealth; all the, rules of society to these Sunday-school sl?ecialists. Thts demanded an elaborate and prolonged display. The family had, indeed, in days I?ast, been noted fa!;' su,ch demonstra,Hons,.

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But on this occasion, tho the temptation Association is planning to place a special was so great, the widow exercised the Sunday-school worker there. The popuutmost self-control and self-denial -:rom lation is estimated by the government the time the funeral left the house. Th~ to-day at three and a half million, of old custom had been to hire a mourner which almost a million and a half are to lead in the wailing; instead of this, a children under fourteen years of age. comforter was hired, Bakheeta Salih, one It is stated that all told only three-tenths of the Bible women to whom suffering of one per cent. of all the children in the has given a message. The dwelling be· Sudan are in any school. came a church and the crowds of Yomen who gathered daily, instead of dividing "Never have I seen children more retheir time between wailing and gossip, sponsive to a word or a smile or a sat quietly listening to the reading and friendly act than the children I met in preaching of the Word or joining in the Sudan", writes Dr. Zwemer. "It prayer. was the same everywhere. The eager faces of those whom I saw in the Pre- Reaching the Youn, Men in Cairo paratory School for Gordon College from many parts of the Sudan, and the 1LLUSTRATED lectures have been persistent friendliness of the unkempt and neglected beggar children on the found by Rev. Stephen Trowbridge, streets, proved their responsiveness to the i7arId's Sunday-school secretary, to an extraordinary degree. One generabe one of the best methods of reaching tion of these children, understood as they the people of Egypt, and especially the should be, loved as they asked to be, Moslems. Mr. Trowbridge recently gave and approached in the spirit of Jesus lectures for the young men in Cairo on Christ, and with His highest gift, the the following subjects: "The New Era Gospel, would transform the Sudan into in Asia," in which he followed Dr. Matt the Kingdom of Heaven." in his travels; "The Life of David Livingstone," and "The Greatest Life in The English of African Boys History," in which he showed scenes from the ministry of Jesus of Nazareth. T HE mistakes of schoolboys all over the world make amusing reading. On the evening of the last lecture An English schoolmaster on the East over 550 men were in attendance, and Coast of Africa writes in the Church the striking thing was that nearly half Missionary Gleaner: of them were Mohammedan boys and young men from the government schools "At the end of term the section that who came in response to invitations. is doing English subjects is very enter- Mr. Trowbridge writes: "Boys from taining, and one does not get bored in certain schools came in a body and it the slightest degree when reading made one's heart beat fast to see these through their examination papers. In large groups crowding up for seats and the grammar paper, one boy said that then to be able to speak to them for the feminine of 'earl' was 'early'. Annearly an hour on the meaning of the other gave it as 'earlier.' 'The maslife of Christ." culine of eve is Adam'. 'The plural of donkey is ass'. In the Scripture papers, For the Children in the Sudan Dives was described as 'a glutinous man'. From an essay entitled, 'An auto- DR. s. M. ZWEMER has recently biography of myself', is taken the fol- made a tour of the Anglo-Egyptian lowing: 'We have games of football Sudan for the World's Sunday-school every evening, but have stopt playing Association, and as a result the World's lately on account of our wounds. We

hope to start again very soon. unless our national purpose in the Phil- Schoolboys are very brave.' " ippines is supplemented by efforts to put them into a larger relation with Jesus Uganda Heresy Subsiding Christ.

REFERENCE has been made from time "There are those who advise severing to time to the strange sect which arose the tie on the score that the islanders are, nationally speaking, a peril; that about a year and a half ago in the Church they present a certain weakness in time of Uganda, calling itself "the Church of trouble, making a vulnerable place in that does not drink medicine." It grew our armor. I leave it to your conscience out of a misunderstanding of a text of and manhood whether any such reason Scripture, for the word used in the Lu- exists to destroy this almighty trust." ganda version of the Bible to translate the word "witch-doctor" or "charmer" New Point of View for the Filipino . is the Luganda word for a doctor of medicine. Many thousands of the peo- REV. J. L. McLAUGHLIN, represent- ple were "baptized" by an ex-teacher named Malaki, for the most part without ing the World's Sunday-school Asso- instruction or preparation of any kind. ciation in the Philippines, in speaking of The movement has been practically con- the advance made in religious education, fined to the simplest and most illiterate says' that for centuries the Filipino has classes, anxious to secure a Christian depended entirely upon ecclesiastical di- name, while deeply ignorant of the ele- rection and orders in everything reli- ments of the Christian faith. Many hun- gious. Any idea of initiative or re- dreds of these people have since put sponsibility in religious matters on the themselves under instruction in the part of the laity is utterly foreign to Christian congregations, and there seems them and not easily understood. Their every prospect of this schism dying out part has always been to obey orders. In in the near future. the earlier days of the Sunday-school in the Islands', the schools were considered THE ISLANDS as a place where they came to be en- tertained or to be instructed by the pas- America'" Duty in the Philippines tors or the missionaries, but not a few of the laity are being inspired to aid BISHOP BRENT strongly urges the in the great work of evangelizing the retention of the Philippine Islands by rest of the Islands, and to consider the Sunday-school a workshop rather than the United States. He says: "The Phil- a rest house-as a place where each one ippine Islands are an American depen- can find ready service. dency, the acquisition and retention of which is solely justified by our sted- During the past year fourteen Sunday- fast purpose to develop an autonomy best school conventions have been held in suited to the capacity and genius of the different provincial centers throughout Filipinos. If I advocate the continu- the Islands, one General Convention be- ance of this relationship it is because ing held in Manila. Approximately I believe that we are still in the midst 4,000 official delegates attended these of the unfinished task and solemn trust conventions, besides a large local attend- and that the continuance of such rela- ance at each gathering. Most of the tion is most advantageous, if not quite provinces have been organized in Pro- necessary, to this purpose and to the vincial Associations, each one with its ultimate independence of the Filipinos own officers and working on its own as a self-governing nation. Whatever plan to meet local conditions. This gives this country has done can avail little

I9I6] WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

a closer point of contact and enables far the greatest beneficiary, $1,290,292 them to work more harmoniously. .having gone for relief in that country or among Belgians in other countries. Japanese Take Over German Islands Armenian and Syrian relief was next with $360,000, and Serbian relief third T HE Japanese have taken over the with $148,894. An appropriation of $1,- Marshal! Islands and the AmerIcan 000,000 for relief work in Poland, Serbia, Board missions there. -Three is as yet Montenegro and Albania is yet to be no definite information with reference to expended. the Ladrone Islands or the Caroline Islands, but it is reported the Carolines For relief work in and about Conalso have been taken from the Ger- stantinople, $35,000 was expended, while mans. Nauru, formerly one of the $55,000 was devoted to the Surgical La- Marshall group, has ben connected with boratory at Compiegne, founded by the the Gilbert Islands and is now under the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Re- British flag. The Japanese have been search and under the direction of Dr. most humane and courteous in all their Alexis Carrel. treatment of the natives of the Marshal! Islands. Charles Stelzle's New Work NORTH AMERICA REV. CHARLES STELZLE has be- come field secretary of the Federal T Robert P. Wilder in America Council of the Churches of Christ in HE Student Volunteer Movement America. owes much in its inception and early development to Robert P. Wilder, its first Mr. Stelzle lived in New York's tenetraveling secretary and later a mission- ments for twenty years before preparing ary in India and a secretary of the Brit- for the ministry. After a successful pasish Student Movement. This summer, toral work in St. Louis and Minneapolis, which marks the thirtieth anniversary he has been identified with practically of the conference at Mt. Hermon where every great movement of the Church the Movement was founded, brings the during the past fifteen years. Mr. Stelzle announcement that Mr. Wilder is to re- organized the department of Church and turn to America, and will take charge Labor of the Presbyterian Church and of the Religious Work Department of the was its superintendent for ten years, dur- International Committee of Young Men's ing which time Labor Sunday was estab- Christian Association. Mr. Wilder is lished. the son of a pioneer missionary to India, the founder of the Missionary Re- Mr. Stelzle brings to the service of the view. churches unique talent and wide experi- ence, and his work for the present will Rockefeller Foundation War Aid be in the fields of the economic phases of the liquor problem, and the Church MORE than $3,000,000 was appropri- and labor, with other activities under- ated by the War Relief Commis- taken in connection with the Federal sion of the Rockefeller Foundation dur- Council. ing the six months ending June 30, the first half year of the commission's ex- An Afro-American Synod istence. Of this amount more than $2,- 000,000 already has been expended. The T HE Presbyterian Assembly proposes figures are contained in the report of the to organize the Negro Presbyterian Foundation. churches into a synod. The plan is to or- ganize a presbytery in each state. Or, if Of the total of $2,159,985 expended there are not ministers and churches during the six months, Belgium was by enough in one state, two will be put to- gether. When these separate negro pres-

byteries have been organized, instead of June 15 in the office so long occupied being attached to the white synods in by Dr. F. P. Haggard. Dr. Atchison was which they are, they will be gathered formerly joint district secretary at Chiinto one synod, called the Afro-American cago. Rev. Herbert J. White, D.D., Synod of the Presbyterian Church in the pastor of tlie First Church; Hartford, U. S. The advantages of this plan are Connecticut, has been elected chairman thus set forth: "It will give our colored of the Board of Managers; Professor ministers and elders a chance to show Ernest D. Burton, D.D., of the Universtheir gifts. As it is now, most of them ity of Chicago, vice-chairman, and belong to white presbyteries and synods, George B. Huntington recording secreand never open their mouths unless to tary. vote. They have little part or lot with the General Assembly, synod or presby- The Southern Presbyterian Assembly tery. They can not develop under such circumstances; but under their own 'vine T HE Presbyterian General Assembly and fig tree,' they will be more at home, which met in Orlando, Florida, last and will take a more active part in Pres- May, took some steps that may greatly byterian work." affect the history of that Church. Com- mittees were appointed to study and re- Italians in America port on the following subjects: T HERE is no field more open to the 1. Woman's position in the Church. service of the Church in America Southern Presbyterians have been exthan is found in our Italian communities. tremely conservative as to woman's There are more than two million Italians voice and activity in the Church. in this country. That they are largely drifting away from the Roman Church is 2. A committee on closer cooperation conceded everywhere. They are making and comity with the Northern Presbyan eager and grateful response to the terian Church. evangelical appeal. All leading denominations are pressing their work among 3. The Colored Presbyteries and Italians. To name one-there are about Churches. The committee are asked to one hundred Presbyterian churches and devise some definite policy for better missions employing the Italian language, plans and to consider the status of the and many others with various points of Afro-American Synod. contact with Italians. There are more than seventy-five Italian-speaking pastors 4. The Committee on Communion and missionaries, including women vis- Wine has asked for another year in itors, engaged in Presbyterian work. which to complete its report. This will Large investments have been made in be an important pronouncement on the new buildings and equipment exclusively use of fermented or unfermented juice for Italian work, ranging from $5,000 to of the grape. $75;000. The Presbyterian Board of Publication issues an Italian weekly re- OBITUARY NOTES ligious paper, The Herald, and carries on an extended colportage work. Bishop Peel of Mombasa A New Baptist Secretary ONE of the most devoted mission- aries of the Church Missionary So- REV. J. T. AITCHISON. D.D., the ciety, Bishop Peel of Mombasa, died new home secretary of the Foreign suddenly in April. An English officer's Mission Society, began his duties on son, born in India, he began his mission- ary career in that country, first at the Noble College, Masulipatam, and lastly at Bombay as Secretary for all the C. M. S. Missions in Western India. Then

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

in 1899 he was consecrated first Bishop years went by, and the fact that she was of Mombasa. He was one of the moving compelled to teach her five children herspirits in formulating the scheme for seH until they were old enough to be federation which the famous conference left in America for education, she found· in Kikuyu met to consider. The whole time for Christian work among the course of Bishop Peel's episcopacy was Koreans and was to the women and chilmarked by progress, only interrupted at dren a "queenly woman." As a Bible its most promising stage by the outbreak Class teacher, a trainer of women for of war, when his diocese became the Christian work, and an instructor and scene of the operations of the East Af- example in the making of a home, she rica Expeditionary Force. His life was was a power for good. one wholly yielded to God and to Africa. In addition to her many duties Mrs. "T Dr. A. L. Riggs of Nebraska Baird found time to write books and HE Indian race has lost a great articles and to translate several volumes leader and friend through the pass- into the Korean language. ing away of Dr. Alfred Longley Riggs of Santee, Nebraska." So writes Rev. Rev. S. G. Wilson, D.O., of Persia Henry Roe Cloud. T HE Rev. Dr. Samuel Graham Wil- Dr. Riggs was a son of the famous son, died of typhoid fever at Tabriz, missionaries to the American Indians Persia, on July 2d. He was born on Stephen and Mary Riggs, described in February . 11, 1858; in Indiana, Pa., the volume "Mary and I," and was for the son of Andrew Wilson. He was many years settled in North Dakota. married in 1887 to Annie Rhea, daugh- Mr. Cloud says further: "To the white ter of one of the pioneer protestant misrace he interpreted the noble qualities of sionaries in Persia, whose life has been the red man so successfully that the lat- commemorated in the book entitled ter was accorded a new measure of re- "The Tenesseean in Persia." Mrs. Wilspect. He so effectually taught the good son and four children survive. qualities of the white race as found among the best Christian civilization After having graduated at Princeton that the Indians who came under his College in 1876 at the age of eighteen, tutelage became the faithful friends of he spent three years at the Western the whites. In all this he taught by Seminary and a fourth at Princeton. example as well as by precept. Since 1880 he has been laboring at Ta- briz as a missionary of the Presbyterian "The memory of his good works is en- Board, as preacher, teacher, and organshrined in the hearts of thousands of izer. His business capacity was so manired men and women who are better and fest so that he was selected to distribute happier because of him." the Armenian Relief funds for the refu- gees in Russia, and it was while engaged Mrs. Wm. Baird of Chosen in this work that he contracted th<! dis- ease which culminated in his death. AT Pyeng Yang, Chosen, on June 9, Mrs. William M. Baird, a beloved Mr. Wilson has written four works of permanent value: "Persian Life and Presbyterian missionary, passed away. Customs," "Persia's Western Missions," Mrs. Baird was the daughter of Mr. "Modern Movements Among Moslems" and "Bahaism and Its Claims." and Mrs. Jacob C. Adams of Greensburg, Indiana. She grew up in a home of deep Mr. Wilson spent his life doing good. missionary interest and sailed with her His single purpose was the propagation husband for Korea on December 8, 1890. of th~Gospel. To this he gave his In spite of growing family careS as the thought, his time, his all.

m~ tit BOOKS ON MI~IONS

AND MISSION LANDS 11 ~".. -~/; ~~….. .

-<-'

Crisis in the History of the Papacy. By "Is it not full time," asks Mrs. Mason, Joseph McCabe. 8vo. 450 pp. $2.50 net, 1916. "for the Christian Church to awake This is a book of facts-many of them to its supreme responsibility-to guide men back into the Way of Peace? to unpleasant facts, others momentous facts. insist that nations as well as individuals, Mr. McCabe presents his history in the calling themselves Christians, must keep form of a study of twenty famous popes. the law of Christ? Upon the action of He has selected the men whose careers the Church to-day the future history of were most influential in the making of the cause of Christ depends. Never bethe Papacy without reference to whether fore was war so mighty, but out of it, they were bad or good Catholic as by the grace of God and the faith of well as Protestant authors are quoted, the Church, there shall proceed a world and some of their testimony is particu- unity of which we have only dared to larly significant. dream." We can not, however, confi- dently expect such a realization, except The volume is intens'ely interesting as Christ Himself shall come to reign and gives the key to the understanding over the earth. of many of the characteristics of the Papacy-its strength and its weakness. The growth of papal doctrines, practises and ceremonies is an illuminating study. Missions vs. Militarism. By Richard G. The immorality, cruelty, craftiness and Stevenson. 16mo. 107 pp. Soc. net. presumption that characterized some of the Popes should forever discredit the Christian missions are here seen as claims of the Pope to be the vice-gerent the only alternative to militarism. It is of God. Those who study Latin America a less careful study than the preceding would do well to consult this volume to volume. The peace program may bediscover the groundwork of the Papacy come operative says Mr. Stevenson.

in the new world. (1) When Christians learn to Emphasize the Essentials of Common Faith. World Missions and World Peace. By Caroline Atwater Mason. Ills. 12mo. (2) When the Church at Home and 274 pp. Soc. board; 30C. paper, 1916. Abroad Unites in Common Service. We have here a thoughtful plea for (3) When the Branches of the Church peace and a clear presentation of the Agree to Divide the World Fairly. force that will promote peace. Militarism has no place in the Church, but (4) When Christians MobolizeOneArmy the medieval Church did not so under- of the Living God for Triumph. stand Christ. Mrs. Mason studies the fundamental character of Christianity (5) When Munitions' for Holy Warfare as' an anti-militaristic organization; the Leap to Millions upon Millions.

growth of the Church and the growth (6) When men learn that Preparedness of militarism within the fold; the peace- and Alliance lead to War, and that ful progress of Protestant missions over Some Form of Central Court is the world and the history of the Peace Needed with Power to Enforce Its Movement. Laws.

NoTE.-Any books mentioned in this department will be sent on receipt of price. Address The Missionary Review Publishing Company, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York.

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION

Devolution in Mission Administration. Christ in Holy Scripture. Being a Study By D. ]. Fleming, Ph.D. 12mO. 310 pp. in the Name of Jehovah "The Lord." $1.50 net. By the Rev. Francis L. Denman, M.A.

This is a pioneer volume on Mission- 84 pp. Is.6d., net. Oliphants, Ltd., Edin- burgh, 1916. ary Administration on the Mission Field. T~e Dyna~ic of All-Prayer. An Essay Such a study is greatly needed, since In AnalysIs. By G. Granger Fleming.

there has been too much haphazard mis- 12mo. 193 pp. 2S. 6d., net. Oliphants, Ltd., Edinburgh, 1916. sionary policy. Dr. Fleming writes The Dvnamic of Faith. By Paget Wilkes. from experience in India, and has stud- 12mo. 178 pp. 2s. 6d., net. OIiphants, Ltd., Edinburgh, 1916. ied the history of five American societies A Challenge to Life Service. (College in that field. He includes in his sur- Voluntary Study Courses, Second Year- vey: (1) Ecclesiastical development; Part II.) By Frederick M. Harris and (2) Mission and native Church administration. Joseph C Robbins. 16mo. IS2 pp. Na- tional Board of the Y. W. C A., New York, 1916.

The volume deserves the close study The Soul-Winner and Soul-Winning. By the Rev Joseph W. Kemp. 16mo. 67 of mission officers both at home and in pp. IS., net. Oliphants, Ltd., Edinburgh, the various fields. It is a distinct con- 1916. Cooperation in Coopersburg. By Ed. tribution to the science of missions. mund DeS. Brunner. Ills. 12mo. 95 pp. Soc. Missionary Education Movement, The Inspiration of Responsibility and New York, 1916. Other Papers. By Bishop Charles H. Brent. 8vo. 236 pp. $I.sO net. Children of South America. By Kath- Bishop Brent is preeminently a stimu- arine A. Hodge. Ills. 12mo. 128 pp.

lating and inspirational writer and IS. 6d., net. Oliphants, Ltd., Edinburgh, 1916. speaker. He is a man with a positive The Soldier's Companion. Messages of message which he delivers clearly, force- Hope, Comfort and Love. 32mo. 183 fully and fearlessly. The papers and pp. IS., net. Oliphants, Ltd., Edinburgh, 1916. addresses gathered together in this vol- Leading Opinions Both For and Against ume cover a wide range of subjects pre- National Defense. A Symposium of pared for various occasions, but they Opinions of Eminent Leaders of Ameriare all thought-provoking and valuable. can Thought on the Subject of Our Needs for National Defense. Collected Several deal with the Bishop's concep- and arranged by Hudson Maxim. A tion of the Church and of Church unity; handbook and guide for debaters and pubothers relate to missions and mission lic speakers, presenting both sides of the question with absolute impartiality.

problems, but the most stimulating are 12mo. 154 pp. Hearst's International those that deal with personal problems Library Co., New York, 1916. Defenseless America. By Hudson and responsibilities: "The Inspiration of Maxim. Frontispiece. 12mo. 318 pp.

Responsibility"; "Human Brotherhood"; Hearst's International Library Co., 1910. Sermon Reading. From the Notebook of "Prayer"; "A Vision of Manhood" and the Octogenarian Traveler, W. Spooner biographical studies of Alexander Ham- Smith. 12mo. 55 pp. $1 net. Richard G. Badger, Boston, 1916. ilton, Queen Victoria, Lincoln and Mc- Missions vs. Militarism. By Richard Kinley. These are worth reading. Taylor Stevenson. 16mo. 107 pp. Soc.

net. Abingdon Press, New York, 1916.

NEW BOOKS How One Church Went Through a War. Being a Selection of Sermons from the The Stone of Help. Autobiography of Notebook of the Octogenarian Traveler, A. B. Leonard, D.D., LL.D. Frontispiece, W. Spooner Smith. 12mo. 17I pp. $1 net. 8vo. 349 pp. $1.50, net. Methodist Book Richard G. Badger, Boston, 1916. Concern, New York, 1916. Illustrated Bible Readings. Edited by Hidden Pictures, or How the New Tes- Wilbur F. Crafts, Ph.D. Endorsed by tament is Concealed in the Old Testa- ' Union Bible Selections Committee. 8vo. ment. By Ada R. Habershon. 12mo. 397 pp. Illustrated Bible Selections Com- 284 pp. Cloth, 3S. 6d., net. Oliphants, mission, Washington, D. C, 1916. A Master Builder: The Life and Letters Ltd., Edinburgh, 1916. of Henry Yates Satterlee. By Charles Bible Battles. By Lettice Bell. Frontis- H. Brent. $4.00, net. Longmans, Green piece. 12mo. 2II pp'. Cloth, 3S. 6d., net. & Co., New York, 1916. Oliphants, Ltd., EdiRburgh, 19r6.

Bible Stories and Poems. From Crea- Tribes and Castes of the Central Prov- inces of India. By R. V. Russell and tion to the Captivity. By Wilbur F.

Crafts. Endorsed by Union Bible Selec- Rai B. Hira La!. 4 vols. Ills. Maps. xxv-426, 540, SSg, 608 pp. 425. Macmiltions Committee. 8vo. 351 pp. Illus- trated Bible Sce.,lec1t9i1o6n.s Commission, lan, London, 1916. Washington, D. The Shans. By W. W. Cochrane. Vol. 1.

Crises in the History of the Papacy. IUs. XX-227 pp. Government Press, Ran- A StUdy of Twenty Famous Popes whose goon, 1915.

Careers and whose Influences were Im- Thirteen Years in Mexico: From Let- portant in the Development of the Cte.rsDroefesC. hamrlse.s W. Drees. By Ada M. 276 pp. $1. Abingdon Church and in the History of the World.

By Joseph McCabe. 8vo. xiv-450 pp. Press, New York, 1915.

$2.50 net. G. P. Putnam's Sons, New The Importance of Christian Literature York, 1916. in the Evangelization of the Jews. Foreign Missions Conference of North By J. T .Webster. 200 pp. Gratis. U. P. America. Twenty-third Conference, Church Jewish Committee, Edinburgh, 1916. 8vo. 370 pp. 20e. Foreign Mis- 1916.

sions Conference, New York, 1916. The Jewish Problem and the World Through the Jews to God. By S. C. Kirk- War. With a Foreword by Bishop WeUpatrick. 2S. 6d., net. S. P. C. E., Lon- don, D.D. By Leon Levison. 68 pp. 6d., don, 1916. net. Morgan & Scott, London, 1916. The Virgin Birth of Jesus. By G. H. The World and the Gospel. By J. H.

Box. 5s., net. Isaac Pitman & Sons, Oldham. Z40 pp. 2S., ni?t. United Coun- London, 1916. cil for Miss. Ed., London, 1916. Why Men Pray. By Charles Lewis Slat- The Story of Islam. By T. R. W. Lunt. tery, D.D. 3S. 6d., net. Macmillan & Co., Ills. Maps. 232 pp. IS. 6d., net. United London, 1916. Council for Miss. Ed., London, 1916. Missionary Tracts for the Times. I. The Yarns on Afrcan Pioneers. By Basil Time of Our Visitation. 2. The Holy Matthews. g8 pp. 7d, net. United Coun- War. 3. The World of To-day and the cil for Miss. Ed., London, 1916. Gospel. 4. The Building Power of Talks on African Villages. By F. Dea- Christ's Kingdom. Id. each, net. Central Board of Missions, London, 1916. ville Walker. Ills. 28 pp. 7d., net. United Council for Miss. Ed., London, Pagans: A Missionary Play. By the Rt. 1916. Kev. James H. Van Buren, D.D. The Indian Fairy Stories. By Donald A. Young Churchman Company, Milwaukee. Mackenzie. I11s. 200 pp. 3s. 6d., net. Wis., 1916. World Missions and World Peace. By Blackie, London and Glasgow, 1916.

Caroline Atwater Mason. Paper, JOe.; Indian Tales of the Great Ones. By board, Soc. Central Committee on the Cornelia Sorabji. Ills. 96 pp. IS. 6d., U. S F. M., West Medford, Mass., 1916. net. Blackie, London and Glasgow, 1916.

Its Radant Hem. The Rev. Frederick D.

Graves. zoe. Church Missions Pub. Co., PAMPHLETS Hartford, Conn., 1916. Not Against Flesh and Blood. An Apos- tol!c yvord for the Day. By the Rev. The Missionary Spirit and the Present Pnnclpal Alexander Whyte, D.D., LL.D. 29 pp. 6d., net. Oliphants, Ltd., London, Opportunity. By Dr. Henry T. Hodg- 1916.

kin. I04 pp. IS., net·. Headley Bros., The ~hining Path, or Meditations Upon Thmgs of God and of Men. By the London, 1916. Rev. J. ~. Townsend, D.D. 30 pp. 6d., Japanese Expansion and American Poli- net. Ohphants, Ltd., London, 1916. cies. By James Forman Abbott, Ph.D. Pagans. A Missionary Play in Four Acts.

267 pp. :pr.so. Macmillan Co., New York By the Rt. Rev. Jas. H. Van BUren, D.D. 23 pp. Young Churchman Co., Milwauand London, 1916. kee, 1915.

Campaigning for Christ in Japan. By The Supreme Need.' In Response to a Call to the Church, in Mrs. Head's S. H. Wainwright, D.D. 170 pp. 7Sc. Booklet, "The Forgotten Friend." By the Rev. Andrew Murray, D.D., D.Litt. Methodist Episcopal Church, South, 30 pp. 6d., net. Oliphants, Ltd., Lon- don, 1916. Nashville, Tenn., 1915. Bishop Frank W. Warne of India. His Through the Chinese Revolution. By Conversion, Call to the Ministry and Other Spiritual Experiences Told by Fernard Farjenel. 7s. 6d., net. Duck- Himself. With a Foreword by W. F. Oldham, D.D. 32 pp. B. F. M. M. E. worth, London, 1915. Church, New York, 1916.

The Making of British India, 1756-1858.

By Ramsay Muir. xiv-399 pp. 6s., net.

University Press, Manchester, 1916.

The Village Gods of South India. By Henry Whitehead. Ills. 172 pp.. 2S.. Sd4 net. Oxford University Press, London, 1916. On Mahdis and Madism. By D. S. Mar- goliouth. IS., net. 21 pp. Milford, Lon- don, 1916.

The Missionary Review of the World — January 1905

OF THE PROTESTANT MISSIONARY SOCIETIES OF THE WORLD FOR

This table includes only Missions to non-Christian and non-Protestant peoples, and so omits work done in non-Papal Enrope, while covering that in behalf of Indians, Chinese, and Japanese in the United States. The figures are derived almost wholly from annual reports, and rela.te in the main to 1904, tho sometimes the year includes a part of 1903. Thf'l aim haa been to leave the fewest p088ible blallks, and hence where the latest official figures were not at hand, conservative estimates have been made, baaed upon former reports.-REV. D. L. LEONARD, D.D.

~ ., . II .. !! ., .s ..,f . 'Pi' =0 ig ~.8 () oS It ~ h j h 18 .sS ! ~i i ~~ S ! :Ja ~; gj §~ l.>.,- ~~ 1 ',5., . -S O'2.~9 p~~o ] ! NAJISS 01' SootBTIBS .= 8 1 3 ~ S 3~ s~ j~ sS.e<:I ~., ~ Foreign Countries In which Mi8alons (Abbreviated) S .,..0..,"" ~ e0 – I <OI~ are Sustained Aas 15, ? alO 8.E ~ .,ilO 0 0 ill 0 f. ~ ~ .a —————- American Board.•••••.•.• " ••• , •.•••••••••…. 1810 $725,570 178 26 184 182 570 272 4,176 4,NIl 1,879 62,123 5,708 163,819 1,891 70,818 S. Africa, Turkey, India, China, J~, Micro- Baptist MIssIonary Union•..•.•.••.•.•.••.••.. 1814 m,ll24 $178,184 117,M1 7,431 161l,806 1,5Il6 nesla, Mexico, Spain. Austria, ~es. Southern Baptist Convention….••.••••••…. 1845 247,630 1118,1lO4 183 15 192 120 520 308 4,lU9 4,'i'IIIl ],672 2',076 27,000 Free Baptists….•.••••••.•••.•…••••••••••• , . 1888 88,006 15,4Il4 9,96U 66 42,004 Burma, India, China, Japan, Africa, ce, ChrIstian (DisclplEtS of Christ).•.•.••••••…••. 1875 863,774 59 4 Il9 16 138 68 215 3IIS 885 904 $ 1,740 Slt:;in, Philippines. ChrIstian Church………………………… 1886 11,447 .a6 898 15,000 1~ Christian and MIssIonary Alliance ..••••…••. 1897 216,838 14,629 Il 0 9 7 15 28 88 U8 27 4,1l88 154 2,000 1,082 Ch na. Japan, Africa, Italy, Mexico, Brazil. ProtEtStsnt Episcopal.•••.•.•••••.••••••.•••.•. 1881l 392,879 549 801 4,000 49 Cuba. 0 4711 20,000 1 4,082 8,200 80 3,860 India (Southern Bengal), Africa. 28,787 6,308 144 41 17 Il6 41 1M 71 274 –' 116 2,149 China, India, Japan, Turkey, Africa, Philip- 7 0 5 7 14 pines. 67 60 8 15 40 200 JIG 87 III 16 68 85 568 10 Japan (Tokyo, etc.). 87 78 !168 100 i,500 W. Central Africa, India, ChIna, Japan, South America, Palestine, etc. " 38 144 4.573 Africa, China, Japan, Haiti, Mexico, Alaska. 1P 268 Society of FrIends………………………. 1871 70,4211 4,775 1I1 15 28 34 Il8 12 251 •aJi 82 8,058 808 7,986 41 2,089 Mexico, Alaska. Jamaica, Indla,Chlna, Japan, Lutheran, General Council••….••.•.•.••••••. 1869 81,8IlS 4,395 7 0 8 5 15 8 254 277 8,860 274 Cuba, A,rmenia, Palestine. Lutheran, General Synod………………… 1887 62,000 13,441 4,051 15,000 212 4,472 India (Madras), Porto Rico• 11l,000 14 0 10 10 84 8 Il66 410 484 28,881 278 7,835 India (Madras), West Africa.

United Norwegian .•.•…•••••••.•..••••.•.•.. 1895 64,620 0 7 1 7 5 20 8 83 JtB 48 571 162 2,405 41 1,565 Madagascar, ChiDa.

Methodist Episcopal….. , ………………… 1819 1,417,870 262,840 lI48 42 183 262 734 472 5,828 fS,IlI2 980 *128,957 17,876 286,840 1,760 59,819 China, Korea, Japan, Indla~frica, Bulgaria, Mexico, South America, ~es. Methodist Episcopal, South•••••••••••••••..•. 1846 496,416 25,173 80 7 82 7S lI42 1M 486 11!18 841 14,248 1,629 40,000 90 5,248 China, Korea, Japan, Mexico, I, Cuba.

Free Methodlst………………………….. 1882 26,615 1,591 6 10 10 IS 88 2 59 17 50 281 50 2,000 21 441 Africa, India, ChIna, Japan. 473 Japan (Yokohama). Methodist Protestant…… __ ………………. 1888 l«I,065 738 6 .0 6 0 12 11 19 -11 88 5S6 189 800 2 27,609 India, Siam. China, J~, Korea, W. Africa, 78 286 197 837 1,006 PrEtSbyterlan……………………………. 1837 1,p88,796 117,886 276 4 118 42 164 176 2,]60 2,tI'I' 50,172 6,405 175,000 828 Sfnrla, Persia, Spani America, PhllijPIne… 2 25 III 298 1,981 Ch na. Korea, Japan, Africa, Italy, exico, Presbyterian, South.•••..•..•.•••..••.•.••…. 1861 286,757 7,ll«1 67 8 7 21 195 16 8,267 1,568 10,000 54 Brazil, Cuba. Reformed PrEtSbyterian…………………… 1836 85,251 0 8 2 40 844 II 1,000 14 611 Asia Minor, Cyprus, Paleat1ne-, ChIna.

United Presbyterian……………………… 1$9 219,289 96,238 41 II 48 53 142 48 7Il6 1118 48Il 11,1114 1,954 89,231 295 20,964 Egypt, India (Punjab). 4,lI38 488 8,075 India, China, Japan, Arabia, Reformed (Dutch) ……………………….. 1832 280,882 8,888 82 4 29 30 95 112 574 • lr.4 2,050 3Il5 15,000 195 Il25 Japan (Tokyo, Bendai, etc.), China Reformed (German)••••• , •••••• , •••••••••.•••• 1878 69,500 1,552 IS 2 12 6 82 12 88 1*1 65 8,500 6 German EvangeHcal Synod……. '" ………. 1867 112,854 140 10 0 II 8 18 0 181 1111 44 2,264 2110 4,IllU 84 1,881 India (Central Provinces).

Uaited Brethren in Christ ………………. 181lS 20,000 0 15 0 15 0 80 12 144 t4 120 2,150 800 5,000 6 430 WEtSt Urica, Japan, Porto Rico.

Woman's Union Missionary 8ocJety••..•..•.. 1861 101,6aI 7,464 0 0 0 25 25 *' 0 200 26 0 0 0 15 8,600 India, China, Japan. ",….-""'<" OuIada Baptist (Ontario and Quebec)•…….. 1878 1l6,'lIl6 Canada Methodist……………………….. 1872 189,847 2,950 28 1 20 20 64 7 269 *IlII5 79 1l,792 Il30 10,000 126 2,1175 India (Telugus), Italy, Bolivia, Brazil. 0 55 37 92 250 4,2.20 118 0 113 8,902 202 20,000 50 1,500 Japan (Tokyo), China, Indlau.

Canada Presbyterian…………………….. 1844 IM,216 11,198 48 28 57 50 183 15 227 410 97 4,m 484 18,000 78 7,821 China, India, New Hebrides, Weat Indies, Formosa, Korea, Indiana. …… Other American SocIeties………………… —- – – – —- – – —- —– – ,528,000 84,481 40,780 301 96 183 61 821 50 48S 8M . 862 399,988 – – – – – 1,1110 … CIIr 14,265 …… Totall for America……………………. 15,000 580 21,196 Bapttst 8oclet7 (EngI&nd) ……………….. 17111 $7,Im',992 $1,011,824 1,970 445 1,700 1,370 5,489 1,898 22,1l9S 28,~ 9,986 74,78Il 56,806 l,lM,841 8,066 801,170 London Society {L. )(. S.)…………………. 1795 ~,sth 8&,_ llill 0 118 7 278 52 618 sat 799 1,88/1 6Il,OOO 78Il 18,159 India, China, Palestine, Central Africa, West 1,370 ~esII•I41&. .107,90!1 168,888 171 89 167 69 448 925 6,751 '1,1. lI,lSO 0 ~ Me d. . . . . ." , Polynema.

2115,481 2,. .

Church Society (C. )(. S.)…………………. 1799 2,087,510 118,676 410 154 884 896 1,844 861 7,828 lI,m 549 84,723 8,071 299,5Il6 2,87lI 121,541 Persia, Arabia, Palestine. China, Japan, India, 6&,250 4,830 288,000 875 Africa. North America, AuatrallA, etc. Propagation Society (S. P. G.). __ ..•.• , •.••..•. 1701 798,210 82,400 625 $ 486 78 1,224 186 3,186 4,8110 4110 4,818 18,8lI3 145 918 48,iOO India, China, Japan, lIIalaylia, Africa, West Universities' Mission…………………….. 1858 166,541l 1,188 31 28 1 55 115 1'1 26Il llIlO 144 Inclles, etc.

5,_ Africa (Lake NYIIIIa and Zazudbar).

SocIety of Friends••• " .••••••••….•.••••••.•. 1866 109,600 11,700 86 5 88 80 108 115 850 IllS 219 2,848 243 18,410 B67 18,047 Palestine, India, China, Natal, ~. Wesleyan )(ethodlst Society………………. 1818 684,491 1l6,541 4,811 182,000 1,480 Presbyterian Church of England.•.••••••••.•• 1847 130,950 68,648 2.20 1'1 1'10 68 570 208 6,467 7,~ 2,110 8,473 15,000 =:. 1~172 India, ChIna, Africa (West and South), W_ 900 ll12 Indies, Ital)" 17,500 27 21 1I2 84 114 87 470 1114 274 9,88S India, China, M Ia, Formoaa. I!IYria.

Welsh Calvinistic.•.•••••.•.•••••••••••••••.••. 1840 118,489 8,240 20 8 16 8 47 11 87 1114 442 5,870 7lIO 15,000 lI85 8,W N. ·E. India, A88&ID, France (Brittany).

ChIna Inland Mission.•••.••••••.•…••.•…••• 1865 8OlI,492 2,800 65 25S 195 970 783 19 946 1,'/89 611 10,245 1,729 15,000 116 l,lIQ2 China (Sixteen Provinces).

Presbyterian Church of Ireland•.••.••••.•.••• 1840 124,8Il5 8,860 88 21 27 28 109 6 850 459 48 2,340 120 8,000 ll«1 2,004 China, india (Gujerat), Syria.

Established Church of Scotland…………… 1829 262,955 60,576 84 26 87 '15 172 18 711 1!188 215 8,786 842 12,718 ·270 l«I,121 India, East Central Africa Palestine, Chinl United Free Church……..•……..•….•…. 1843 596,625 421.160 111 87 186 98 882 45 3,441 8,_ 1,000 43,804 4,160 1115,000 1,098 83,220 India, Africa, Arabia, Pal8lltlne~ew He~ 1,231,000 157,400 42,iMlO rides, Manchuria, Japan, West dies. ……. Other British SocletIes…………………… 1fI;62Il,0tIII $1,159,309 – — —- — — – – — — 252 1,274,630 …… Total Brltl.h SOcieties………………… 49,886 970 3Il5 75,688 110,000 16,450 176,298 2,187 1,407 2,lH 726 8,844 0 8,158 6.,lIOB 1,847 410,876 1,215 – – – – 268 ParIs Society……………………………. 1829 45,180 8,818 6t 1,987 7,745 1,900 84,968 11,080 89,496 26,824 8,912 10,856 512,406 21 47 52 1,231 42,u6s 2,652 Swl18 RomRnde………………………….. 1875 II 17 27 187 45 68 1,5Il6 706 44,109 Africa (South, East and West), Tahiti, lila 16 59 0 70 1,418 108 agascar. 1211 1,650 East Africa. 67 Basel Society……………………………. 1815 88Il,08Il 61,290 124 80 162 20 4Il6 42, 1,884 1,,'I'IlO 606 15,668 1,878 57,082 578 1U,865 South India, China, West Africa Berlin Society…………………………… 1824 157,401 76,600 104 16 92 8 220 II 1,055 1,275 743 24,1118 2,130 57,0211 88 11,072 Africa (East and South), ChIna Breklum (Schleswig-Holstein)..•..•.•.••.•…. 1877 45,000 460 16 0 8 a 27 0 90 11'1 80 830 1112 11,285 44 1,382 India (Telugus).

Gosaner's Society…. ;………………….. 1886 $,597 4,620 43 Il 27 0 70 27 1,150 1,Sl 2SO 18,640 715 50, '797 280 1l,644 India (Ganges, Chota Nagpore) Hermannsburg Society…………………… 1849 8Il,950 14,1124 59 0 Il6 1 116 0 618 729 186 26,014 4,874 55,898 188 8,742 India, South Africa, Persia.

Lelp&lc SocIety………………………….. 1886 127,590 12,874 60 7 87 8 112 26 629 741 307 11,581 214 21,734 295 11,086 South India, Burma, British and Germl 82,580 1,llU East Africa. Moravian Church……….••••.•• '" •.•••..•.. 1782 169,440 198,440 168 87 177 12 889 24 1,753 ,,]42 613 2,2i8 94,1lIl5 242 466 24,576 IndIa (Ladak~ South Africa, Australia, So1. North German Society…………………… 1886 44,095 5214 18 2 13 10 43 2 108 151 OS 8,'I'IlO 68 America, est Indies. Eskimo, Indians.

2,684 West Africa (Slave Coast).

Rhenish Society (Barmen)………………… 1828 181,202 82,295 150 11 121 17 299 27 1,57l1 1,878 421 42,282 9,274 96,881 41f1 21,162 Africa, Borneo, Sumatra, New Guinea, Ct j 121,257 5,463 6,920 445 15,iOO 58 975 …… · Other German Societies.••••..••…•..•…… $410,580 – ——- ——- 87411 188,889 468,6911 1,189 17,000 52 6 – -9-4 10 150 844 ll«1 1l,II9O 21,l1li2 18,000 458 109,1143 6,230 48,800 15 75,250 882 1S,200 · …… Total German Socletl………………… $1….11,717 8H 20Il 749 $ 1,l1li6 168 8,471 ",8117 8,863 42,700 5,1150 · …… Netherlands Societies……………………. , 188,247 10 '" 7i1 0 128 0 5 1111 141 · …… Scandinavian Societies…………………… 871,889 149 27 110 72 858 Ill 1,850 S,*J8 1,121 …… – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – · – – Totall for A.la, Africa, the lalandl, etc… 1l17,151 1,571 30,276 J.I'Ijl, Samoa, New Britain, New Guinea. Australasian Methodist Society•.•.•.•.•.•.•• , 1855 r 114,476 42,700 30 5 15 . -1-1 '1'1 ell 2,868 2,439 1190 40,788 1,420 395 5,970 7,226 2,420 8,640 5,270 SSS,OOO 269 i28 1.111i6 4,581 77,554 82,122 29,581 1,455,898 1111,887 62,300 $880,688 510 . -14-9 11,153 8,746 17.227 4,288 611,681 78,554 27,800 1,414,176 96,860 – – – – – – – 'l2O,000 1,750 $2,'l83, '797 $1,955,426 5,1llU 2,400 ·….. – – – – – – – – – – TOTALS FOR CHRISTEIIOOM, 1904 ……. · ….. – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Total. for 1903 …………………….. 3,900,983 211,490 896,454 • $18,509,018 • $17,114,388 1l,86S 1,800 4,610 8,818 11l,557 8,824,055 24,288 1l8Il,506 * This does not include 29,753 Probationer. who bave been received on confession of faith, but are not in full membershiP. Missionary Review of the World Old Series t JANUARY ) New Series ! VOL. XVIII. No.1 VOL. XXVIII. No.1 THE OLD WATCHWORD FOR THE NEW YEAR: "LO. I AM WITH YOU I ., In the whole range of the "exceeding great and precious promises" there is no assurance grander, or more inspiring and uplifting.

God has planned a campaign, world wide and age long, against all the combined forces of error and evil, and calls every disciple to be a soldier and fight the good fight of faith. So vast is the army of foes, so impregnable their defenses, so desperate their resistance, so subtle their strategy, that, but lor that imperial word of command, which the Iron Duke called" our marching orders," the conflict would long since have been abandoned in despair of victory.

But one word sustains and strengthens us-it is this changeless promise of the personal presence of the Lord Himself on the field, leading on His Church. 'rhe same Captain of the Lord's Host whom Joshua saw before Jericho, to whom he gave up the whole conduct of that siege, and under whose Divine gu.dance that initial stronghold was captured without one carnal blow or weapon, is to-day still our General-in-Chief leading us to battle. Faith sees Him in the thickest of the fight, and at every new step hears His clarion call. It is this realized Presence that has made Christian missionaries courageous and confident amid countless delays and discouragements, and has turned apparent disasters and defeats into victories. This is God's campaign, and conquest is sure. Under Him seeming failure becomes real success.

But let us remember that this grand promise is the heritage only of a living, moving, witnessing Church. It is the Church which goes that lIe is with. He says: "Go ye into all the world, make disciples of all nations, preach the Gospel to every creature, AND, Lo, I am with you all the days, even to the end of the age." The conjunction is a connective, linking command and promise, conditioning the assurance upon the obedience. We must not put asunder what God hath joined together. This promise is the incentive and recompense of aggressive action. No Church and no Christian that is apathetic and inactive about this world-wide work of Christ can plead or possess this promise of His presence. Let this year surpass all that have gone before in true missionary zeal and work, and we shall see signs following, as never before, that He is with us, and even Pharaoh's magicians will be compelled to confess "This is the/ finger of God." A MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE PAST YEAR BY ROBERT E. SPEER, NEW YORK Author of "Missionary Principles and Practise," "Missions and Modern History"

The great missionary event of 1904 has been the war between Japan and Russia. The outcome is certain to have profound influence upon the future of Christian missions in Asia. If Russia prevails, limitations will inevitably be thrown around the work of Protestant missions in Korea and Manchuria, if, indeed, such work will long be allowed; the political influence dominant in North China will be unfriendly to British and American mission interests, more so becanse of British and American sympathy with Japan in the war; and in Japan it is doubtful whether the result of defeat would be a reaction from the attempt to adopt Western civilization, and consequently a rejection of the Western religion, or a yet more favorable disposition toward the consolations of the Christian faith. On the other hand, if Japan prevails, as Baron Kaneko contended in a recent address at Harvard, it will be to the open gain of civilization and Christianity. He said there: If Japan is defeated, there can be no future in the Orient for Christianity and civilization. If Russia wins, the light of religion and freedom will fade out from that part of the world forever. It is for these reasons that the little nation of Japan, knowing well the giant might of the foe she has to face, is nerved, for the sake of freedom and civilization, with their heritage and promise of all that she holds most dear, to wage the present struggle to the last gasp of her endurance and her life.

Count Katsura, the prime minister, in more guarded language has made the same claim.* The tone of utterances like these from the foremost men of Japan has been one of the most hopeful signs in the past year. Some of these remarks have been prompted, doubtless, by the desire on the part of Japan to retain the sympathy of America and Great Britain in her war. But even before the war began there had come back into the words of Japanese statesmen references to Christianity such as were common between twenty and thirty years ago. In an address to young men, some months before the war, Count Okuma, who was at one time prime minister, and is still one of the leading statesmen of the country, said: It is a question whether we have lost moral fiber as the result of the many new influences to which we have been subjected. Development has been intellectual and not moral. '}'he efforts which Christians are making to supply to the country a high standard of conduct are welcomed by all rIght-thinking people. As you read the Bible you may think it is antiquated, out of date. The words it contains may so appear, but the noble life which it holds up to admiration is * See M,SSIONARY REVIEW, p. 698, September, 1904. something that will never be out of date, however much the world may progress. Live and preach this life, and you will supply to the nation just what it needs at the present juncture.

And in an address at the tenth anniversary of the Y. M. C. A. in Tokyo, Baron Mayejima, a former member of the cabinet, said: "I firmly believe we must have religion as the basis of our national and personal welfare. No matter how large an army or navy w{' may have, unless we have righteousness as the foundation of our national existence we shall fall short of the highest success. I do not hesitate to say that we must have religion for our highest welfare. And when I look about me to see what religion we may best rely upon, I am convinced that the religion of Christ is the one most full of strength and promise for the nation." 'rhis new friendliness of tone has been intensified during the war, and both the sympathy of the great Protestant nations, except Germany, and the discovery of deep spiritual needs always disclosed by war, have led the people into a grave and receptive mood toward Christianity. One missionary writes: " We are, indeed, in a new Japan. As a missionary of many years' experience said to me recently: ' We are in a new country, the change is so marked; it is like a miracle to those of us who know what the situation was ten years ago.' "

Conditions in Korea It might be supposed that in Korea the war would have completely disrnpted missionary work. On the other hand, it has interfered with it but slightly. In some degree it has probably helped by turning the minds of the people, as in the case of the China-Japan war, away from all human reliance, toward God. The last nnmber of The Korea Field, a little missionary paper published in Seoul, says of the war and its effects: There is but slight interruption in most of the stations. Only on the east coast of the great Ham Kyeng Province, where the Canadian Presbyterian Mission have their two stations, the depredations of Russian cavalry and the threatenings of the Vladivostock fleet have rendered active work well-nigh impossible. To none of the workers has any harm come, nor is it apprehended; yet the personal inconvenience already incurred by some is not small. While we regret these things, we know that the hand of the Lord is in them, and we look for Him to bring good out of them abundantly for His cause. Such increase of good He has already brought in other localities. From Pyeng Yang, for instance, we hear through Dr. Moffett at the end of May: "No special news, except the baptism of one hundred and thirty-one men and women in the Central Church here on Sabbath last. This, with the baptisms in our South Gate Church, will give us the largest number ever baptized in the city in one year. So you will see that the war has not interfered with tlie progress of the work. Work on the South Gate building is now under way." And, again, at an earlier date from Mr. Blair, of Pyeng Yang: "The at- tendance of men here in the city at night during the local class last week was so large the women were requested not to come, and both sides of church were used for mim. We think that perhaps a thousand men attended church here for the first time last week." It is not in Pyeng Yang alone, but in all the various regions that such gains are reported. The record of conversions in this first year of the war, the twentieth of Gospel preaching in Korea, will -be far in excess of any statistics hitherto presented in this kingdom. It is the Lord's doing, and He has chosen to use war as one of His direct agencies in the mighty work.

Behind the wall of the Japanese armies in Manchuria and their posts upon the Yalu the Land of Morning Calm has been little disturbed, and in the event of Korea's remaining under Japan's control greater missionary progress than the past has seen may be justly anticipated.

The Year in China The history of the year in China has been mixed. As much would need to be said of all years in an empire so vast and of such diverse elements. A new Boxer Society has been reported. On the other hand, the discoutent of great classes with the old order has grown to excess. Young men are carried away by doctrinaire opinions to many extremes. A missionary from the interior writes that" nihilistic revolutionary doctrines, in one form or another, are spreading like yeast through China among the young men, and may be heard from in startling fashion before long." Yet more hopeful is the interest of great multitudes in Christianity. With many the motives are unworthy, but almost any motive leading to inquiry, and producing contact and acquaintanceship, is better than contempt and ignorance. And amid the thousands willing to em brace the Christian name as spurious Christians are scores of ea;nest people whose hearts are open to the Gospel of the spiritual Kingdom. A picture of the situation in many provinces is drawn by an inland missionary, Mr. Montague . Beauchamp, in his account of his own field: All the trials and troubles connected with leaving myoid station at Kuai Yuan last spring are abundantly repaid by what God has allowed me to see in this new field. The city of Ku'ei Fu is on the nortlrbank of the Yangtze, eight stages above Ichang, through the Gorges. It is twenty stages farther on and overland to myoid station Kuai Yuan, and sixteen stages to Pao-ning, tho only four or five stages from Wan Hsien. So it may fairly be reckoned as an entirely new district. I came by the invitation of flatJves to Miao Yu tsao, a small mountain village, where they had provided a home. Bm; Romanist opposition was so strong that the natives of the prefectural capital determined to open a mission station in the city, and thereby strengthen my position throughout the district. The Mandarins in most cases give us a very hearty welcome, and this welcome is genuine. They know of our righteous dealings with the people, and we give them moral support against Roman Catholic oppression by our mere presence in their midst.

Of the thousands of our would-be adherents I "am fully aware that most have mistaken and wrong motives. It is a great tidal wave, bringing fish of all kinds into the Gospel net. To us and all the Ohurch of God, then, comes a most solemn responsibility and a most glorious opportunity. Thus it was that in August, 1903, two stat.ions were thrust upon me-one in the city, one in the country, thirty English miles apart. In both places hundreds, and even thousands, crowding for admission, purchase of Scriptures, and instruction.

No more massive problem than the right guidance of this mighty people now stirring has ever confronted the Christian Church.

Early in the year ratifications of the new treaty between the United States and China were exchanged in Washington. Article XIV. of the treaty deals with the su bject of Christianity and missions at work in China, and, it was believed by the American negotiators, placed the whole question in a more satisfactory condition. It recognizes Christianity as a good religion, and promises protection to all who peaceably teach and practise the principles and conform to the laws of China.* The new Article does not abandon the interesting clauses of the old treaties by which a foreign power seeks to guarantee to Chinese subjects the right of religious freedom. '1'here has been much discussion over these clauses. Dr. S. Wells Williams defended them to the close of his life, and they embody the principle to which civilization will one day come-namely, that there are certain duties which civilized nations owe to the subjects of uncivilized states in the way of securing for them rights which their own governments have denied. It is the duty of civilization to prevent, if !Jossible, all unjust war. It is its duty to secure, if possible, religious freedom. '1'here has been gain in the recognition of both these duties, in spite of the fact that war shadows a year which began with a world at peace, and that the Turk has returned to the butchery of Armenians.

The general spirit of China has been hospitable, on the whole, to the influences of progress. The significant feature of the year in the education of China has been the Japanese propaganda, which has been going on now for several years. '1'he report of the Society for the Dif.- fusion of Christian and General Knowledge for last year speaks at length of thjs movement: The immense and growing influence of Japanese on Ohinese education during late years is a great fact patent to everyone who has given any attention to the subject. It is difficult to imagine that so widespread a pro-Japanese propagandaas exists in Ohina depends solely on the personal enthusiasm of individual agents, and one must assume, from its extent and progress, that it is an organization commanding very powerful sympathy I)n the Japanese side, while the recognition it has secured in Ohina would seem to indicate that it has commended itself to many influential Ohinese in high places_ One naturally asks why Ohina; in her desire for knowledge, should turn to Japan, knowing, as she must, that -j( See MISSIONARY REvn.w, p. 74, January, 1904. everything to be learned there can only be had at second hand, that the fountainhead of modern knowledge and civilization is in the West, and that its stream naturally flows from thence as its source. Why do not the Chinese go to the fountainhead? The reason has been suggested by us in previous reports. The presentation of a purely secular educational system has charms for those Chinese who make little of all religion and really respect none; the affiliation of two peoples which are, or have been, under Buddhistic influences 'Promises to become easy of accomplishment on the basis of a common religious system tolerable because old-established, and the desire of weakness to be friendly with strength already proved; all these are so many factors in favor of a Sino-Japanese friendliness being brought about. What such a close coming together of the two leading independent Oriental nations may lead to politically is beyond human power to divine, and to speculate upon it is, perhaps, outside this society's province. So long as national union has as its motive love, good-will, and desire to be delivered from oppression, such a com~ bination might not be considered an element of danger. But if it means the building up of a power capable of antagonizing Christendom and displacing a civilization founded and consummated on the teachings of Christ, can any greater danger to the world, God's people, be imagined by Christian men?

But we may confidently believe that the best men of Japan have no idea of using the influence they would be glad to have Japan acquire in Asia for any but high ends. "Reference has already been made," said Count Katsura last May, "that Japan stands"eagerly waiting to take the leadership of the East, and that if she does so it will be in the spirit of the East against the West. Whether or not it is the destiny of Japan to be the leader of the East remains to be unfolded. But if ever that responsibility shall be hers, of one thing the world may be sure. She will not willingly retrace her own steps, and she will at least endeavor to persuade the East to do what she has done herself, and what she is trying to do more perfectly."

Signs of the Times in India and Tibet The year has been marked by no exceptionally great events in India. It was hoped that the union of the various Presbyterian churches, which has been in preparation for several years, might be consummated in December. The last letters from the field" expressed misgivings lest the troubles of the United Free Chur()h of Scotland might delay the full establishment of the new United Church in India. Lord Curzon has been reappointed viceroy and governorgeneral. He is no longer popular with the natives, as he was at the beginning of his first term. He is accused of sacrificing their interests to the int,erests of the empire. The discontent of the men whom England has educated does not diminish. They think themselves fit to govern India, and they have no chance. The Tibetan expedition is only one more thing for them to complain of. What the consequences of that expedition may be it is too soon to tell. Some have been sure that it would mean the immediate opening of Tibet to free missionary effort. But the occupation of the Sudan by Great Britain has not me1tnt any such happy result, and there is perhaps less reason why the opening of 'ribet should. Great Britain is as well able as Russia to impede missions when she so desires. In the native states of India there have been some unpleasant hindrances to mission activities. In some of· the states there has been open viol~tion of treaty provisions between Great Britain and the United States which had been acceptfld for India, including the native states. The snrprising facts of the growth of the Christian population, as indicated in the census of 1901, are still causing discussion. Lord Radstock's letter to the London Tiines in the summer gave fresh impetus to the debate over the real significance of those figures and the real character of the change which has been wrought in India.* This testimony of an outside visitor is the judgment also of many missionaries, who believe that Christianity has really powerfully influenced Hinduism. There are others, tho, represented by the judgment of the Indian Witness, published by Methodist missionaries in Calcutta, who hold that" the peculiar strncture called Hinduism stands virtually unscathed by one hundred years of Christian attempt to overthrow it."

In Persia, Turkey, and Arabia In Persia the year has been marked by the martyrdom of the Rev. Benjamin W. Labaree, the first foreign m'issionary martyr in that land. He was killed by a fanatical sayid, a descendant of Mohammed, who had murdered a number of natives, Christian and others, and who was desirous of killing Dr. Cochran because of his efforts to put a stop to the murderous career of this Mohammedan holy man.t 'rhe general conditions of disturbance which preceded and which were intensified by Mr. Labaree's death premiled until the close of the year, no sufficient government action having been taken to punish crime, to stop disorder, and to insure peace. Recently the same tribe of Dasht Kurds who murdered Mr. Labaree attacked the British Consul. They are likely to find that this was a more serious business than murdering a mlsslOnary. The American government has sent Dr. Norton, consul at Harput, as special envoy to see that American interests are properly guarded.

Our government has taken upon itself new and heavy responsibilities in these lands in its pledge to prote)t naturalized American citizens who return there. Formerly the United States and Great Britain declined to regaI'd as entitled to the protection of citizenship Armenians and Nestorians from Turkey and Persia who had become naturalized British subjects or American citizens and then returned • See MISSIONARY REVIEW, p, 982, December, 1904, t See M,SSIONARY REVIEW, p. 530, July, 1904, to their old lands to live. The American government has abandoned this position and promised protection to all. This will involve the establishment of new consulates, and it will open large possibilities of useful civilizing work on the part of America if suitable consular representatives are sent.

Before consuls in, Turkey can do much for American Armenians who return there it will be necessary to settle some of the pending questions at Constantinople. The great victory due to the presence of the American war vessels at Smyrna turned out to be wool over our eyes. The sultan still denies to American interests in 'rurkey rights acknowledged in the case of Great Britaiu, Germany, France, and Russia, and belonging equally to uB-rights repeatedly demanded by us and as repeatedly refused. At last war-ships went to get them, and came away thinking they had them. But we are just where we were before. Inside his country the sultan is said to have seen a revival of the Armenian massacres. The full report of Dr. Norton, of Harput, sent to investigate the facts, has not been, made public, and how true the reports of renewed atrocities were can not yet be said.

Arabia is unhappily distraught. "Arabia is torn by two rival factions now," writes a resident who knows the situation thoroughly, "and I know not what the issue will be. On one side is the old Wahabi element, with the Bin Saood dynasty, who are allies of Mobarek at Kuweit, and (I believe) secretly opposed by Britain. On the other side are the Ibn Rashid of Nejd and ,the Turks, who are unwillingly his allies. It seems the Turks and the Nejd rulel are losing skirmishes and forts every month, as well as prestige. The effect is uncertain, and may put bars in the way of entering Arabia 01' throw all Mejd open to commerce. I would not be surprised to see Hassa in Arab hands, and Yemen too, shortly."

Missionary Difficulties in Africa By her new treaty with France, Great Britain's tenure of Egypt is made practically perpetual, and the country continues its remarkable advance. Missionary effort is still forbidden among the Moslems of the Sudan, but encouraged among the heathen tribes not yet absorbed by Islam. The Chinese are to come in to supply the 'rransvaal mines with cheap labor, and the terrible effects of the war, in its disturbance of normal conditions, its disruption of industry, and its legacy of convulsion and animosity lie like a great curse over the land. I venture to quote from a statement from a friend who is an engineer in the Transvaal: So far as human control goes, the mining corporations have about everything their own way. Do not think I am hasty in saying so until you get all the light you can, and from as many sources as possible, on the four following points: 1. The Witwatersrand Native Labor Association, as a tool of these corporations, made the effort for more than a year to compel the natives to work for thirty shillings per month, and to in- troduce, in a modified way, the Kimberly compound system. Both efforts have failed, as they ought to fail; but one result of the failure has been to keep the natives from the mines. There are other factors in this problem, to be sure, but by far the most important is the action of this association. Meantime hundreds and thousands of men are cut out of employment and in need. The mining houses are determined to have the unskilled labor on their own terms or not at all, and if they do not get it they are not the losers, as are the men who are out of employment, as the mines are of unquestioned worth.

2. They have had their own way in the importation of the Chinese, under the restriction of the compound system. The word" slavery" grates on our ears, but in its moral effect this system is worse than slavery. It is admitted that the Chinese are such a dange. tha:; they ought not to be freely admitted to the land. They are to have no part in its trade or traffic; they are to be brought here, not in the hope of doing them or us any positively moral good. These Chinese are wanted for the money they can make us, and we want to buy their labor as we would by the work of a traction engine, and while they are mining our gold we want to shut them up, so they will not pollute our morals, and also that we may think that we have no responsibility of bringing to them the knowledge of God.

3. It seems to an outsider that these corporation~ have the local British governmer~t under their thumb with reference to this matter, for the government refused to either wait for representative government or to let the matter be decided by secret ballot. The mines are determined to have the labor under the compound system, and if they do not get it they threaten to bankrupt the country without making an effort to get the labor under any other system.

4. The companies have about their own way in their control of their employees. Suppose that men are seven thousand miles away from home, in a land of only one industry, and then suppose that they can be dischargcd on an instant's notice without any reasons assigned. Can it fairly be said that such a contract bears with equal weight upon each party? Has the company as much to lose in discharging a man as he has in being discharged in these hard times and under such pressure? Can it be reasonably expected that most men will do right if they cross the will of their employer in doing it? The rate of wages is such that a man with a family can live so long as he has his work, but, even with the best economy, there is little money left for books, or education,or need in case of sickness. There is but little hope for the permanent advancement of the land unless the conditions are such that there can be permanent homes.

"The world's open sore" is still uncleansed. A new slavery succeeds the old.

South America and the Philippines The schism in the Presbyterian Ohurch, the strongest Protestant Church in Brazil, C!mtinues. The alleged ground for the schismatical movement, which resulted in the establishment of an independent Presbytery, was the Masonic question; the independents holding that Masonry is incompatible with Ohristianity, and the Synod, that whether it is wrong or not, it is not an occasion for excommunication or exclusion from the Church. Both sides are holding their own, tho, as always, schism seems likely itself to be rent by schism. These are bad days for dissension among Christians in Brazil. Every energy is needed for real work. "Conditions have greatly changed here," writes one of the most experienced observers. In Brazil, "there is no longer an indifferent dying Church to contend with, but a revived Roman Catholic Church, and in many instances a genuine revi val of religion, an awakening of the religious sense of the people. 'fhis is the result of a skilfully organized campaign from Rome, and the influx of thousands of learned priests and members of the religious o~ders from Spain, Italy, France, and Germany, and even from the United States. Something must be done by the various missions to meet these conditions."

The remainder of South America feats us none the less because of the Panama matter. The Spanish war and the Venezuela troubles fed their distrust and fear of the United States, and Colombia now furnishes added occasion. 'fhe beneficence of our work for civilization on this hemisphere IlIust vindicate the benevolence of our purposes toward Latin America. But we shall never be understood by these nations until we raise up in them a body of Protestant people who will see with our eyes and trust us as brothers.

The Spirit of Missions for September contained an admirable statement by the Right Reverend Charles H. Brent, D.D., the Episcopal Bishop of the Philippines, setting forth in the most comprehensive and IUIlJinous way the present conditions in the islands.* The year has been a year of steady progress, both in the government and in the missions, and it may be hoped in the Roman Catholic Church, both in the large body of it now passing under the control of American ecclesiastics, and in the separated section under Aglipay.

The year has, on the whole, been a quiet year in the mission work. There has been sorrow and trouble, and northeastern Asia has been disturbed by the war, but, as has appeared, much less than was feared. And whether in disturbance or in calm, the great building is going forward.

The new age stands as yet Half built against the sky, Open to every threat Of storms that clamor by, While scaffolding veils the walls, And dim dust floats and falls, As moving to and fro, ..

Their tasks the masons ply.

* A summary of this article will be found on page 49 of thiA number.

WORLD'S OUTLOOK IN 1905

THE WORLD'S OUTLOOK IN 1905 BY THE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF The new year suggests a threefold survey-the retrospect, aspect, and prospect; and the discriminating eye will discern both the promise and the menace of our twentieth-century civilization, in order to read God's signals, both of encouragement and warning.

'1'he one indisputable fact is the amazing progress of the race in the matters of this 'World. In every direction there is rapid advance. Iuvention seems to have penetrated to the inmost sanctuary of the temple of science, and discovery seems to have left little to discover, justifying Gladstone's famous saying, that a single decade of the last century outran all the centuries that went before in the variety and celerity of scientific achievement. The triumphs of machinery, optics, amI photography; chemical analysis, telegraphy, electric engineering, anesthetics and antiseptics, the spectroscope, the microscope, the telescope, and a hnndred other of the greatest inventions and discoveries of all time belong specially, if not exclusively, to the past hundred yean.* Men are fast moving toward the impenetrable veil beyond which the finite mind can not pass. Hadium, tho in some respects revolutionizing previous scientific notions, was but the wonder of a day, so accustomed are we to the novel and the startling.

General intelligence must correspondingly move on. Ignorance and superstition are birds of the night that flee before the dawn. The Hindu could not hold absurd crudities of Brahmanism and yet look through his microscope, and so he dashed to pieces the costly lenses that exposed his errers. euvier could not be appalled by a ghost with horns and hoofs that threatened to eat him, for he reasoned that such an animal must be graminiverous and not carnivorous. Men may not be ready for a new religious faith, but the old must go when the new search-light of science shows its falsity.

The maguificent educational apparatus of our times is one mark of this gigantic stride forward. The great universities are now equipped with libraries, instruments of all sorts, philosophical chambers, and chemical laboratories, which a quarter century ago were not even dreamed of as possible; and even the humblest schoolhouse * Alfred Russell Wallace, in his book. "Tbe Wonderful Century," classifies these wonders under fourteen heads, which it may be well to preserve for reference: 1. MODES OF TRAVELING: Railway, Steamship, Electricity. 2. LABOR-SAVING MACHINERY.

3. THE CONVEYANCE OF THOUGHT: Telegraph, Telephone. 4. FIRE AND LIGHT: Matches for ignition, Gas, Electricity. 5. NEW ApPL1CATION OF LIGHT: Photography, Rontgen Rays. 6. SPECTRUM-ANALYSIS. 7. THEORETICAL DISCOVERIES IN PHYSICS: Conservation of Energy, Molecular Theory of Gases. 8. ApPLlCATION OF PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES: Velocity of Light, Phonographs, Rontgen Rays. 9. IMPORTANCE OF DUST. 10. GREAT PROBLEMS OF CHEMISTRY' 11. ASTRONOMY AND COSMIC THEORIES: New Planets, Meteors. 12. GEOLOGY: Glacial Epoch Antiquity of the Genus Homo. 13. EVOLUTION AND NATURAL SELECTION. 14. DISCOVERIES IN PHYSIOLOGY: Cell-Theory, Germ-Theory, Anresthetics, Antiseptics.

rivals the college of a century ago in equipment, and our higher schools become centers of invention and ,discovery, some of the national museums having a complete apparatus freely accessible to the student experimenter. In many lands education is compulsory. Ignorance is reckoned a social crime to be legislated against, as disloyalty. Oorrespondence schools are putting even technical study within reach of farmers' boys and poor widows' daughters who live in remote districts.

Liberty, civil and religious, is becoming the heritage of all mankind. Slavery has almost disappeared from the earth, and Livingstone's" open sore of the world" is well-nigh healed. Persecution for religious opinion is now scarcely possible. Torquemada and the Inquisition would be stifled iu the air of modern toleration. Even Russia promises a new regime, reforms that extend to the Siberian exiles, the Stu nd ists and the Jews, and lifts the eensol:ship from the pu blie press. Japan has displaced her ,. edict board" by a public official announcement of perfect toleration for all religious faiths, scorning the imputation that the Sunrise Kingdom is waging war for religious issues. Lands of the open Bible are no longer exceptional. Even Spain and Italy welcome the Scriptures. A .score of Protestant chapels stand within a mile of the Vatican, and the "-tuning of the pulpit," once customary even in Britain, is no longer known in "Ohristian" lands.

There is a manifest trend toward peace also among the world's peoples-settlement of controyersy by arbitration is increasingly possible and popular. There is something abhorrent to the commonsense sentiment of mankind in this wholesale butchery of warfare. "The Hague Tribunal" is both a product of this growing sentiment and a promise of better things. How infinitely better the arbitrament of impartial counsel than of the sword. The time will come when the nations will be ashamed of the precipitancy with which they once rushed iuto battle.

The Peace Palace at the Hague, now about to be built, will cost nearly two millions of dollars, of which Mr. Oarnegie gives $1,500,000. The site is fixed. It will contain a great court of arbitration, 270 feet by 120, and covering 12,000 square feet, one of the grandest audience rooms in the world, with huge white marble pilasters. The majestic dome will be supported by superposed galleries, one of them flanked by enormous statues of Olemency and Justice, Law and Strength. Is it too much to hope that in that great edifice may be held "The Parliament of Man, the Federation of the World" ?

There can be no doubt als{) that the Ohristian faith is gradually supplanting all other forms of religion.

This can not be seen without a glance beneath the surface. In

1905J THE WORLD'S OUTLOOK IN 1905

Ohrist's day there were many, even "among the chief rulers," who U believed on" Ohrist, but because of the Pharisees they did not confess Him, lest they should be put out of the synagog," and even Nicode- mus came by night because he dared not come by day. Social ostracism, and especially household enmity, deters hundreds of secret disciples from open espousal of Ohrist; the rigid caste lines of India become to many insuperable barriers, and in other lands the fear of persecution paralizes confession, as in Ohina, and Mohammedan and papal countries. Yet, notwithstanding these obstacles which the great U hinderer" heaps in the way of the timid and the halting, the power of the Gospel is not essentially cripp led.

Three conspicuous examples of this fact ma,y be adduced. INDIA is a world in itself, with its two hundred million Hindus, and nowhere is this public confession of Ohrist more difficult and dangerous. Yet Lord Radstock, visiting India for the fifth time, expresses amazement at the rapid " softening of hostility" to Ohristian teaching. The last census shows in one decade a growth in the numoer of native converts, of from twenty-five to jifty per cent., and he calls the changes" movements on a gigantic scale." Superlatives are cheap, but this writer justifies his judgment by an overwhelming array of facts.* So in OHINA, notwithstanding the horrors of the Boxer massacre, the cause of God moves on. Rev. Mr. Lloyd, for example, says that the attitude of the people toward the missionaries is changed everywhere through the province-seldom even rude epithets being flung at them, as a few years ago. Medical work, especially among lepers and the blind, has convinced even gainsayers that the" foreign devils" are philanthropists, inspired by an unselfish spirit. '1'he silly rumors and slanders about their sinister motives and diabolical practises are either no longer rife or treated with contempt. Even where conversion does not follow the teaching given in Ohristian schools and colleges, superstition is corrected, and the advantages of Western civilization ~re ad mitted, and the attitude toward Ohristianity is far more complacent. '1'he growing independence and influence of the native Ohurch is another grand .fact. '1'he native converts are more like weaned children, no longer dependent on foreign nursing. Native pastors have developed both in knowledge and wisdom, and the Ohurch is outgrowing its infancy and coming to a stalwart maturity.

In all mission history nothing has been more startlingly rapid than the transformation in UGANDA. It is now not yet thirty years since, in 1875, Henry M. Stanley visited Mtesa at his capital in Uganda, and undertook to convert the king to Ohristianity, and for this purpose translated to him a portion of Ezekiel and John, and finally gave him an abstract of the whole book in Kiswahili, which the king understood. The matter was put to the chiefs in general council on the question: . * See the MISSIoNARY REVIEW for December, 1904, p. 932.

"Shall we take the white man's book?" The vote was in the affirmati ve, and from that moment Christianity after a sort became the state religion of Uganda.

On November 15, 1875, Stanley's letter appeared in the London Daily Telegraph, announcing the king's readiness to welcome Chris- tian teachers, and this letter led the Church Missionary Society to send workers to that land. It was only three days later that £5,000 were offered for a mission to Lake Albert Edward; and another week passed, and the C. M. S. committee undertook the Uganda Mission! As early as June, 1877, about eighteen months after Stanley's letter, the first two O. M. S. missionaries reached Ruboga. Mackay followed in 1878. Hannington gave his life to "purchase the road to Uganda" in 1885, and a great persecution followed in 1886, and three revolutions in 1888; and yet the work went on. Even the death penalty and civil war conld not stop it. In 1895 there were over 2,050 native confirmees. In 1902 the new Ohristian cathedral was opened at Mengo, and there were 2,200 native Ohristian clergy and teachers, and nearly 4,000 native Christians, and in five years these totals had trebled! One feature of this work is unique. Mr. Fisher at Mityana, and Pilking- ton after him, adopted the plan of synagogi (reading-houses), where those who wanted to study the Ohristian's Book could do so under competent teachers. In a few months about 200 of these synagogi had been planted, and 20,000 natives were meeting in them to be taught. There were 131 teachers sent from Mengo. When Pilking- ton was in England on his furlough in 1896 he told of 100,000 souls brought into close contact with the Gospel, half of whom could read God's Word themselves, and of 200 buildings raised by native Chris- tians for worship.

The Darker Side To all this bright outlook of th~ world field there is a dark side. Between these mountain peaks, lit up by the glorions sun, lie valleys shrouded in darkness, and an impartial observer will not overlook the discouragements that constitute God's warnillgs of danger ahead- dangers that are only increased by ignorance and indifference.

It is bl1 t too plain that the era of uni versal peace is yet afar off. War is at this moment waging with a savage cruelty and desperation that 'reminds us of brute beasts locked in a deadly encounter, when ouly death relaxes the hold of either. The human race is far from applying its boast~d doctrine of the brotherhood of man. Even the invention and discovery on which we so pride ourselves are only util- ized to make warfare more destructive. Indeed, it is coming to be no longer a matter of valor and bravery, but of subtlety and savagery. War is always terrible, but there is something that challenges respect 'in a fair and free fight, where strength and courage and endurance win the day; but it requires no martial prowess or virtue to plal1t

THE WORLD'S OUTLOOK IN 1905

mines on the land or sow them in the sea, 'and mechanically destroy a whole fleet or regiment at once.

Then, aside from war, there is race prejudice and hatred, which so often finds vent even in lawless violence. Lynch law in the United States is on the increase, and has lately taken on refinements of cruelty that would have disgraced the Spanish auto da fe! The antagonism between capital and labor grows apparently more hopeless.

. We can not but feel that the value set on human life is very low, and that it is fast becoming lower. Attention has been lately called to the appalling sacrifice of life in the" elevators" of great public buildings, which could be made safe by proper appliances. '1'he reck- lessness manifest iu the "Slocum disaster" on the East River is yet fresh in our minds. The awful sacrifice of life on rail ways, especially in America-these are some of the facts that show how cheap is the estimate put on life, and how greed grasps at gain and values money more than men.

Just now the growth of a gigantic money Jlower menaces even our highest civilization. To this we can not shut our eyes. As Mr. Lloyd phrases it, it is " wealth versus commonwealth." Ten men in Amer- ica hold an amount of wealth so enormous that practically it throws even the scales of justice out of balance, and threatens to control the government of the country, legislative, judicial, and executive. This bids fair to become one of three problems to be solved by statesman- ship and Christianity combined, and to tax the utmost of the resources of both Church and State, the other two problems being ihose of drink and lust. There is a field for the cultivation of civic virtue in our days not surpassed in all the ages as to both need and oppor- tunity.

Finally we need to face the corruptions which obtain even in church life. Israel's sins were drunkenness, lust, and idolatry. J u- dah did not run to Israel's extremes ill idol worship, but, while com- paratively true to Jehovah, corrupted his worship with formality, carnality, and even hypocrisy. This historic lesson admonishes us that we may avoid one gulf only to plunge into another. The Church of our day is already leavened with ritualism aud rationalism and a general apathy. '1'here is a new demand for prayer and separation unto God. There is now sounding a new evangelistic note, of which we are glad. Ministers are waking up, as Rev. W. J. Dawson puts it, to the fact that a cultured pulpit, addressing cultured pews, is not enough, and that a man conscious of a " Gospel" may yet be equally conscious of barrenness and failure-evangelical truth and decorous worship without spiritual power. It was a great sight at the Free Church Congress in Brighton, in 1903, to see a thousand of the best of English nonconformists marching through the strcets at half-past ten at night gathering out drunkards from the saloons and harlots from the dives, and returning three thousand strong to the Dome for a mid- . night service. To see the churches sacrificing respectability for sav- ing contact with the lost is something worth living for. This is more than a forward movement-a stride forward, as in "seven league- boots."

AN EXHIBIT OF THE YOUNG PEOPLE'S MISSION STUDY COURSES MISSIONARY EXHIBITS, AND HOW TO USE THEM BY S. EARL TAYLOR Author of '" The Price of Africa," etc. ; Secretary of Young People's Work in the Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church Missionary exhibits on a very small scale have been coincident with the development of modern missions. Missionaries at home on furlough, particularly from India, have from the beginning used curios as an aid to missionary addresses. The first exhibit I ever saw was in connection with an old-fashioned camp-meeting, when a mis- sionary spoke in the afternoon, and altho I do not rem em bel' what he said, I do retain a vivid mental picture of the rough board pulpit in the tent decorated with hideous idols and other emblems represent- ing a heathen religion and the life of a heathen people. After the address my father, at my earnest solicitation, took me up to see the curios. The wonderful stories told by a" real, Ii,-e missionary" at once took rank in my boyish thought with the marvelous tales of "Robinson Crusoe."

The First Extensive Exhibits So far as the writer has been able to ascertain, the first extensive denominational missionary exhibit ever attempted in America was that of the Protestant Episcopal Church, whose missionary leaders pre- pare done on a somewhat extensive scale in Philadelphia in 1892. The idea was an adaptation of the missionary exhibits in Great Britain, held under the auspices of the Church Missionary Society, and this is probably true, consciously or unconsciously, of all of the larger ex- . hibits that have been attempted in America. 'Fhe Protestant Epis- copal Church has also conducted other successful exhibits, notably at New York in 1900, at Washington in 1901, and at New York in 1902.

The Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions has ren- dered invaluahle service in developing the missionary exhibit idea. At the second convention of the Student Volunteer Movement, held at Detroit in 1894, an attempt was made by the Rey. J. E. Adams, now of Korea, to present the great facts of foreign missions by the use of charts and literature. This had never been done so extensively up to

1905J MISSIONARY EXHIBITS, AND HOW TO USE THEM

that time. The missionary bodks were not especially well chosen, but they represented the first attempt to bring before the Christian public a comprehensive, classified list of such literature.

At the third Student Volunteer Convention, at Cleveland, in 1898, not so much stress was placed upon the use of maps, charts, and diagrams, but the aim was to present a larger and better-selected list oE missionary books, together with a more complete collection of the literature of the various misl'ionary boards. The religious life of the non-Christian countries, especially of Japan, was also represented on a small scale.

At the fourth convention of the Student Volunteers, held at To- ronto ill 1902, not only were the THE HAMMER WHICH WILLIAM CA:<EY USED FOR MAKING S:IOES best ideas of the previous con- Loaned to the Los Angeles exhibit by Dr. Mursell, ventions embodied in the exhibit of Edillhurgh '

bu t a special feature was prepared in a very elaborate array of articles useful to a missionary. The aim was to suggest to missionary candidates, before the time came for .them to purchase an outfit, articles which would be of great use, but 'Yhich ordinarily they would neglect to buy. It was also desired to make real to the home constituency the requirements of the foreign field.

A Great Interdenominational Exhibit The great missionary exhibit held in connection with the Ecumenical Conference of 1900, in New York City, is recognized as the largest and most comprehensive type of an interdenominational exhibit ever attempted in this country. Its scope will be indicated by the following extract from the report of that conference: The Exhibit Committee corresponded with some eight hundred missionaries and five hundred societies throughout the world in its effort to collect. such articles as would most vividly illustrate native life or cus· toms and the work and environment of the missionary, as well as convey through the eye the material and educational results of Christian missions. The main exhibit was by countries, each occupying a separate court or alcove, and the heads pf these courts and their assistants were most happy in their explanations of the articles exhibited. In some cases they were natives or missionaries of the country, and dressed in the costume a'f the people. The exhibit also contained a collection of missionary literature, maps, and apparatus used in the home Church for the circulation of information and the collection of funds. The library included the publications of the Bible and Tract Societies, and some eight hundred of the latest missionary books in the English, German, French, Dutch, and Scandinavian languages.

T~e Yale Band and the managers of the various student missionary campaigns in the years 1897-1900 were instrumental in securing

AN Am:RICAN INDIAN BOOTH AT THE LOS ANGELES EllliIBIT denominational and interdenominational missionary exhibits in connection with the conventions of the young people's societies. Thestl, for the most part, consisted of maps, charts, mottoes, and literature suitable to the needs of young people's societies. Especially in connection with the Christian Endeavor, Epworth League, and Baptist Young People's Union conventions, .efforts wllre made to have the cause of missions represented more or less elaborately in this way.

The Los Angeles Exhibit of 1904 Perhaps the most striking development of the missionary exhibit idea in connection with a single denomination has been that carried on under the auspices of the' Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Great denominational missionary conventions were held under the auspices of this society at Cleveland in HI02, and at Philadelphia in 1903. In connection with these conventions a serious attempt was made to bring together and classify, not only the pamphlet, leaflet, and general literature of the denomination, but also curios from the various countries in which the society was at work. A corps of trained workers were placed in charge, whose duty it was to explain the features of the exhibit to the visitors, and in particular to explain best methods of work to those who were interested in Sundayschool, young people's society, or church missionary work. It soon became evident that these exhibits were not merely an annex to the

MISSIONARY EXHIBITS, AND HOW TO USE THEM

conventions, but that they were, as one expressed it," the business end of things." Here the delflgates. were able to receive that practical help which it was impossible to give in connection with the platform work of a great inspirational convention.

Some one suggested that the time wonld soon come when, instead of the missionary exhibit being the adjunct of a convention, a convention would be built a,round the missionary exhibit. This idea was realized more quickly than anyone had expected when, in connection with the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Churclt, held in Los Angeles in May, 1904, a most successful effort was made to combine the essential features of an exhibit, a convention, and a great educational campaign.

One of the finest halls in California was secured, a hall erected especially for exhibit purposes. The interior was reconstructed with reference to an attractive display. The services of one of the best decorators on the Pacific Coast was secured and, as one of the local newspapers expressed it, "the whole room was soon aglow with Japanese lanterns and umbrellas, with banners of every conceivable color and inscribed in almost every imaginable language." In the center were racks, upon which literature was artistically mounted on large sheets of cardboard, neatly framed with black picture-moulding, and around the walls of the room and of the gallery were booths containing curios illustrating the "history, geography, racial char· A ZENANA SCENE REPRODUCED AT THE LOS AXGELES EXHIBlT

acteristics, social customs, and other pecnliarities of the lands rep- resented." * More than two hundred trained workers were in attendance to explain the various features of the exhibit. Fifteen experts came from the East, ~nd the others were furnished by the Woman's Foreign Missionary Societies and the Young People'S Societies of the local churches. To a church was assigned a special country, and those selected for this work were expected to make preparation by spending two or three months in reading on that country and its missions. Thus a great educational movement was started even before the exhibit began.

During the sixteen days of the exhibition it was visited by 102,569 people. One morning the high school of the city was dismissed in order that the pupils might attend, and fourteen hundred of them spent a profitable forenoon in the hall. The next day the pupils from the commercial high school, five hundred in number, came in a body, and following this twentJ grades of the grammar schools, the students of the University of Southern California, the Student Volunteer Union of Southern California, private schools, normal schools, and Sundayschools came in rapid succession. The members of the Chamber of Commerce with their ladies, seven hundred in number, attended one evening, and twenty-five hundred young people of the city (other than Methodists) were welcomed on" Young People's Night." In short, the city of Los Angeles, accustomed to great exhibits ami fruit and flower festivals, was captured by an exhibit which was publicly and avowedly.missionary.

Not only was the attention of the pH blic attracted by the array of articles on exhibition, and not only were trained workers in attendance, but some of the greatest speakers of the denomination were present to deliver addresses. A platform had been built out from the gallery, and from this every afternoon at two o'clock bishops, missionaries and leading ministers and laymen spoke concerning the world need and the world-wide opportunity. In each of the booths representing the various countries missionaries were ready morning, noon, and night to deliver short addresses to the crowds of people who gathered. Not less than one hundred and fifty missionary addresses were thus delivered, exclusive of stereopticon lectures, which were a daily feature of the program. Young men with megaphones were employed as floor-walkers to see that the impromptu events of the program were so arranged that at all times there would be one or more interesting features. Often three or four addresses were delivered from the booths ill different parts of the room at the same time.

* The limits of this article will prevent a detailed description of this exhibit, which may be easily obtained from the denominational papers pnblished in June, 1904. But a few striking and outstanding facts will illustrate the far-reaching character of this exhibit.

A CROWD OF HIGH-SCHOOL CHILDREN VISITING THE LOS ANGELES MISSIONARY

A GROUP OF WORKERS AT THE LOS ANGELES MISSIONARY EXHIBIT The results of this exhibit were manifest- First: It dignified the cause in the minds of many who had thought of the missionary enterprise as a campaign carried on mainly by worthy but over-zealous women and children. The fact that a great banner inscribed "Missionary Exhibit" was flung across the street by special permission of the city authorities and that crowds of the best people of the city had to be kept in line by the police, and at times refused admission because of the throng, was in itself a challenge to the thoughtful consideration of the visitors and residllnts of Los Angeles. Second: It crystallized arid corrected vague impressions. The idea of a missionary, with a battered silk hat and white tie, teaching naked savages under a tree, or.the equally current idea of an emaciated messenger of the Cross stepping from a rowboat into the arms of a cannibal chief, gave way to a sellse of astonishment over the comprehensive character and the varied types of work carried on under the afispices of the missionary societies. Third: It gave a panoramic view of the missionary operations of the world. ,It was impossible for olle to visit the hall without being impressed with the magnitude of the world-wide missionary campaign. Even the school children realized, after visiting the exhibit, that a study of missions involved an intimate knowledge of the geography of thew!>rld .. Fourth: It was educational in the truest sense. Leading business ,men came- to inquire of the missionaries concerning trade conditions, in the Far East. A group of sShool children who had been studying South America came to spend a llalf holiday with a missionary from that country. An old sailor whose ship had touched almost every foreign port stood in front of the great missionary map of the world and ex-

MISSIONARY EXHIBITS, AND HOW TO USE THEM

plained to a circle of interested visitors concerning the geography and the physical features of the islands of the South Sea.

Fifth: It reached a great class of nominal Christians and nonchurchgoers who at present are indifferent to the claims of missions, and who will probably not be reached in any other way.

Sixth: It was a spiritual force in the City of Los Angeles during the General Conference period. The exhibit workers, including the missionaries, were in daily prayer that they might be used of God, and the meetings aud addresses were characterized by a quiet but intense and pervasive spiritual force which made itself felt at all times and sometimes in remarkable ways.

One striking instance was when Miss Anna Stone, a Chinese young woman of attractive personality and beautiful soprano voice, BISHOP HARTZELL, OF AFRICA, GIVING AN ADDRESS AT THE LOS ANGELES MISSIONARY EXHIBIT was walking through the hall, and came upon some heathen Chinese women and children, residents of Los Angeles, who, with hundreds of other Orientals, were visiting the exhibit. Miss Stone, who has since returned to China as a missionary to her own people, stopped and spoke to these Chinese women and kissed one of the children. The striking contrast between the face of the Christian girl and the heathen women soon attracted the attention of a large number of people, and presently a thousand people on the floor and in the galleries stood ·silently observing the unusual scene. Miss Stone, quickly taking in the situation, said quietly to the Chinese women: "May I sing a Christian hymn?" and, raising her beautiful voice in song, she poured forth the words: " And I shall see Him face to face, And tell the story, Saved by Grace."

Wlten the song was over, every eye was dimmed as the Christian girl quietly spoke a word to her heathen sisters and passed on, leaving behind a spiritual impression that will never be effaced.

Thousands of people were undoubtedly attracted to the exhibit out of curiosity, or because of a philosophical interest in the history and development of the races of mankind; but the exhibit, while fulfilling the requirements of a museum, was preeminently a spiritual force, and the underlying pnrpose was" to awaken inquiry about and enkindle interest in the spiritual condition of millions of people, who have never yet, in all these centuries, been evangelized by the Church of Ohrist."

These great exhibits, held under the auspices of the Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church, have created an appetite throughout the denomination for smaller exhibits of this character. Those who have visited the exhibits go back to their homes and desire to have missionary exhibits introduced in connection with local, district, and State conventions. It therefore became necessary for the missionary society to prepare smaller exhibits, which could be shipped by express or freight to various parts of the country. At first fifte:m were prepared, then ten more, then twenty, and these are in constant circulation.' They are packed in neat cases, and printed instructions are enclosed which enable the local workers to set them up and properly care for them..

A Petmanent Exhibit Needed It requires not the vision of a prophet to see that the mISSIOnary exhibit is here to stay, and that the need is something of the kind on interde'nominational lines, which will be of a permanent character, with smaller exhibits for denominational uses.

The chief argument raised against missionary exhibits thus far has been the expense and labor connected with them; bn t were such arguments to prevail in the business world, there would be no subway under New York Oity; there would be no World's Fair at St. Louis; there would be no material progress. However, the items of expense and labor constitute serious problems, and must not lightly be regarded. No single denomination will probably care to undertake to carry forward, for any length of time, great exhibits like that at Los Angeles, as the expense would be prohibitive, and the labor is excessive, when one has to gather together the materials for an exhibit from the ends of the earth, and then, scatter them again by express and freight. Moreover, a great missionary exhibit is essentially interdenominational, in that if it appeals to the whole city, as it did at Los Angeles, it will be attended_by the people of all denominations and of no denomi~a. tion. If properly followed up, the work must also be done by the representatives of the varions denominations whose people visit the exhibit.

r.USSIONARY EXHIBITS, AND HOW TO USE THEM

THE REPRODUCTION OF A JAPANESE TEA GARDEN AT THE T..oS ANGELES EXHIBIT If such an exhibit were provided, it could go from city to city on a ,carefully arranged schedule, and the various missionary societies could delegate missionaries and secretaries, or other missionary specialists, to assist at important centers. It coulq remain in a given city for a week or ten days, and could be thoroughly advertised for a radins of fifty or one hundred miles, and reduced railroad rates could be secured.

Not only could a training-school of methods be conducted, but great missionary mass meetings could be arranged, so that in very truth a great missionary conference or convention could be built around this missionary exhibit. A daily program might be arranged somewhat as follows: 8.4!>–9.15-Prayer and conference of workers. 9.15-10.30-Visits of public school children, accompanied by their teach- ers. 1O.30–12.00-Cleaning up the exhibit hall in preparation for the afternoon. 12.00– 2,OO-Luncheon served in the missionary cafe and tea-garden. 2.00– 3.00-Special platform addresses. 3.00– 5.00-Conferences concerning young people's work (denuminational and interdenominational). 6.00– 8.00-Inspection of the exhibit and dinner. 8.00–10.00-Special programs, stereopticon lectures, inspection of the exhibit, music, conferences, etc.

Rest-rooms and lunch-rooms could be provided, so that those who became weary might rest, or secure refreshment under ideal conditions. The exhibit would be open to the pu blic from noon until 10 P.M.

If it be thought that this plan is visionary, we may say that it has been carried out successfully at least eighty times in Great Britain and once in America. Multitudinous details are connected with such an enterprise. To collect, classify, and properly display the mate~ial; to secure and train the workers; to plan and advertise the meetings will

require attention to detail, experience, and a high type of organizing ability; but all necessary data is at hand, and it is entirely possible to elaborate and carry out such a plan as is outlined above.

Smaller exhibits could be prepared under the auspices of the various missionary societies for nse at district, State conventions, and for denominational missionary conferences, assemblies, and conventions. Subexhibits could be placed in theological seminaries and colleges, and loaned under carefully specified conditions, and subject to recall. These might be for the general missionary education of the student body, for student mission study classes, for missionary meetings, for campaign or deputation work, for local missionary rallies, for the use of the teacher in the department of missions, and for young ministers in connection with their Sunday appointments.

Small local exhibits for Sunday-schools, Young People's Societies, and churches could be (are now) loaned by missionary societies, or the material for such an exhibit could be collected by any live committee, and could be artistically mounted by local talent and kept by the church as a permanent missionaryasset.

Thus, throughont the country the eye, as well as the ear, would receive distinct missionary impressions, and the coming of the Kingdom would be perceptibly hastened.

AFRICAN CURIOS AT THE LOS ANGELES EXHmIT

THE EVOLUTION OF JAPAN

THE EVOLUTION OF JAPAN FIFTY YEARS AGO AND NOW BY REV. R. B. PEERY, PH.D• .Author of .. The Gist of Japan"

Many centuries ago the Old Testament prophet Isaiah doubtfully asked, " Shall a land be born in one day? Shall a nation be brought forth at once?" Now this thing which the prophet apparently despaired of has almost been accomplished in Japan. Fifty years ago she was an insignificant, unknown, and undeveloped little land, in an unfrequented corner of the earth. To-day she is one of the great worldpowers, and is receiving universal praise for her accomplishments both in peace and in war..

The transformation of Japan has been great and far-reaching. To understand fully its magnitude we must recall the state of the country when this magic change began, just fifty years ago. For three hundred years Japan had pursued a rigid policy of seclusion, effectually closing the country against foreigners and their ways. No Japanese were permitted to travel abroad. Even the building of ships large enough to navigate to foreign ports was strenuously prohibited. Japanese sailors who were shipwrecked and driven on other shores were not allowed to return to their own land, while foreign sailors whom the storms of the deep occasionally cast on Japan's coast were cruelly done to death. '1'he purpose of this seclusion was to prevent great Japan, the land of the Gods, from being contaminated by the foreign barbarians, and particularly by their hated Christian religioJl.

Being thus almost uninfluenced by the outside world and left to her own development, Japan perpetuated down to the middle of the nineteenth century the old feudal system which died out in Europe five hundred years before. The country was divided into petty kingdoms, and each ruler was king and lord in his own province. '1'he emperor lived in forced retirement in Kyoto, a mere figurehead, while the tycoon usurped the central power, and pretended to rule over the whole land. But many of the feudal princes were as mighty as he, and frequently made war upon him. These petty kings were also continually fighting each other, and for five hundred years the land was divided into great warring camps, and furious and bloody conflicts laid waste the country, aud reduced her fairest cities to ashes.

In this feudal state society is necessarily unsettled, and a high and stable civilization is impossible. Indeed, Japan had no civilization at all at this period, according to our use of that word. 'l'here was little communication between the provinces, and when a man from one district was found in another he was usually treated as a foreigner and often murdered. Internal trade was small and difficult, because there was no common medium of exchange, each province having its own

separate coin. Human life was cheap. A samurai-i.e., a mem Ler of the soldier class-might cut down a civilian on the slightest provoca- tion, or just to t.ry the temper of his darling sword, and no questions were asked aLou t it. There were no fixed laws, no schools, no mails, no telegraphs, 110 hospitals, no asylums, and no doctors worthy of the name. In short, Japan stood jnst about where Europe did in the tenth century, the period that we fitly call the Dark Ages.

But behold her to-day! After only fifty years, and apparently without great effort, she has accomplished much of what Europe ac- complished throilgh nine' hundred years of labor and-resolution. Feu- dalism was abolished at a blow, the tycoon was deposed, and the sacred – emperor came out of the obscurity that hatl veiled him for centuries and placed his own strong hand upon the helm of state. That same hand still grasps it, and has guided it wisely and well through all the mighty changes that have been packed into these short years. He has granted his people constitutional government, with their senate and house of representatives, and local self-government in all cities and towns. The laws have been revised on the basis of the code Napoleon, and are honestly and justly administered by competent courts. – A general system of schools has been created, and every village and hamlet has its school. Education within certain ages is compulsory, and practically all the children are in school ten months of the year.

The larger towns have good academies and high schools, for both boys and girls, which are always filled to overflowing, The government maintains seven good colleges and two universitifls, one of whiQh, at least, compares favorably with American universities.

Good railways and country roads now connect all the cities and towns, and home trade and commerce is flourishing. Japan has almost a monopoly of the carrying trade in the Far East, and she has good steamship lines to Bombay, Melbourne, Antwerp, London, and our own Pacific Coast. She realizes the importance of commerce, and is developing it rapidly.

Japan is still a military nation, but she has changed the old feudal system of warfare for the most approved methods of modern times.

Her large army is thoroughly organized and equipped, and is up to date in all respects; and the same is true of her navy. Perhaps there is no more efficient navy in the world for its size than is the Japanese navy. While the patriotic people are justly proud of both army and navy, the navy is their special trEasure, and to become a naval officer is the highest am bition of the average youth.

Thus we see that Japan has very speedily and effectively changed h'er old civilization into our newer and better form, alld in so doing she has ceased to be an obscure Oriental land, and has taken her place among the great nations of the world. She is the cynosure of all eyes to-day.

JAPAN'S AREA AND OLD CLASSES OF SOCIETY JAPAN'S CHANGING CH RISTIAN ITY'S

POPULATION SAMURAI FARM[R$ SUNDIAL ECLIPSE IN JAPAN COMPARATIVE AREAS ETA AINU " NEW CLASSES OF SOCIETY " ,I UNITED STATES YET THE BASAL SPIRIT OF ~ . :~/',/<' ,l'"tf' 6n AD oJAPAN oCAL. NEW JAPAN,-'A DEMOCRACY CHRI3TIANITY'S NEW RISING COMPARATIVE POPULATIONS UNITED STATES JAPAN OJO o 3 NOT YET HEARD OF WHAT ARE THESE AMONG JAPAN'3 CLOSED GATES THE KEY TO THE ORIENT 4 SO MANY? CHRIST ~. i~:1 ~ ~ I I i I t:i, C 1,875 PROTESTANT CHRISTIAN I WORKERS H I FIFTY YEARS OPENED N A ~ 47 societies at work ~ T 252onlained.men 40 unordained men I 232 lIIissionaries' wives B E 24.8 W .M.F.S. w(ll"ket'll. T 247 mission stations 853 8ub-statiou8 S 42,835 communicants I 41,559 adherents, not A communica.nts M or COllrtf'sy IfTorld- Wide Hi"ionll A SERIES OF CHARTS ILLUSTRATING THE EVOLUTION OF JAPAN These charts have been special:y prepared for use In connection with" Sunrise In the Sunrise Kingdom "-the mission study text-book for young people's societie;. They are published in .. Helps for Leaders." prepared by the Young Peoples' Missionary Movement

Not long since a missionary friend was visiting Oxford University, when one of the learned doctors there said to him: "Sir, I wish you would tell me how those Japanese have succeeded in such shorL time in jumping completely out of their skins." And many thoughtful people are asking this question to·day. How is it possible for a nation at once to break with its past, and adopt new ideas, institutions, and customs? But Japan has not entirely broken with her past. The professor's homely characterization was wrong: the Japanese have not jumped out of their skins; they have simply developed the man inside of them along new lines. I use advisedly the word "evolu- tion" to describe the great change wrought in Japan, because I do not regard her new life as something entirely imposed upon her from without, but rather as the product of a natural growth and deve.op- ment that has only been stimulated and hastened by her contact with other lands.

In the first place, the character of the people was such as to adapt them to this new development. 'I'hey have always been a people of capacity and strength. Whatever they have undertaken to do they have usually done. On reading Japanese history one is impressed by the fact that he is here in contact with a virile race that has always shown a strong, manly character, and assiduously cultivated brave and heroic qualities. It has possessed the resolution, perseverance, and capacity for high development.

National ambition has always been one of the most prominent traits of the Japanese. "Great Japan" has been to them the first country of the world, and they have aspired to keep her in the fore- front at whatever cost. Nevel' has their proud land been overrun by a foreign foe, and never has she acknowledged suzerainty or paid trib- ute. And so when it was discovered that while Japan was sleeping her long sleep of three hundred years, other cOllntries had gone far ahead of her in civilization and enlightenment, the people were will- ing to make any sacrifice, endure any hardship, and put forth any ~xertion to enable their loved land to take a conspicuous place among the great nations of the earth. '

The open-mindedness of the people has also helped them in their rapid evolution. We learn from their history that they have been remarkably free from prejudice, and hence have been ready to accept new ideas and institutions from whatever source they might come.

Thus they accepted their religion, literature, and learning in former years from China, and many practical arts from Korea; and this same quality of mind has been good capital for them in their recent changes.

Having it, Japan has developed wonderfully; not having it, China has stood still.

The strong capacity for imitation, possessed by the Japanese to a high degree, has also assisted them much in bringing about the new

THE EVOLUTION OF JAPAN

order. Given a model, they can make anything; given an idea, they c~n develop and apply it quickly and effectively. This ability to imitate is frequently put down to the discredit of the Japanese, but _unnecessarily so. Doubtless imitativeness is not as high a quality of mind as originality, but it is a worthy quality, and of great practical utility. There is very little room for originality to-day. We are all thinking over other people's thoughts and copying their lives, and our own national civilizations have been built up chiefly by copying those of former nations. The Japanese are by no means mere slavish imitators. They modify and adopt all the ideas and institutions ihey import, and in many instances they actually surpass their models. They themselves say that they adopt nothing, but adapt those things of the West that they find of value to their country. Without the ability to do this they could not have changed the form of their civilization in so short a time. • When Oommodore Perry, under orders from our President, visited Japan in 1854, he found the times ripe for a great change. Through the small colony of Hollanders who were permitted to reside, under strict surveillance, on an island in Nagasaki harbor, some ideas of the great world outside, its civilization and learning, had filtered in; and many influential men were secretly opposed to the policy of seclusion, and in favor of intercourse with the West. A change was brewing; it would have come by-and-by of its own accord, and Oommodore Perry simply hastened the crisis. It is true, however, that the treaties he secured were forced from Japan by threat and intimidation. His war-ships were the first ones ever seen in those seas, and when they crawled into the harbors with their huge black guns, and enormous smokestacks belching out fire and smoke, they seemed to the superstitious people great devils of the deep come up to devour _the land of the gods. The warriors talked in frightened whispers of these black, monsters, and manfully tried to get rid of them-but in vain. And as there was nothing left to do, the conservative tycoon acceded to Perry's demands, and made the treaties of commerce and trade with America.

When once the country awoke from its long sleep the progressive element, came to the front, overthrew the government, put the young emperor on the throne as actual ruler, and brought him out of the sacred shades of Kyoto to the great modern capital of Tokyo. From this time the evolution of Japan was' swift and sure. Each year marked some importarit change or development, but all as much in accordance with national life and 'Justoms as circumstances would permit.

'l'his growing Eastern empire was fortunate in possessing at this period two great teachers who were peculiarly adapted to assist her in effecting the change, and in interpreting the West to her people. The

one was an American missionary, Dr. Verbeck, a man of scholarly attainments, fine command of the Japanese language, history, and customs; and of a humble, self-effacing spirit that especially reoom- mended him to the authorities. For many years he was in official employ, the trusted adviser of the government, and his influence had much to do with molding the policy of New Japan. It was at his advice that the first embassy was sent to foreign lands, which was so instrumental in bringing about needed reforms and introducing new institutions. He was also the orgauizer of their great university, and its first president. Japan has gladly acknowledged the value of his services, and has honored him more than any other foreigner.

The second teacher who exerted snch helpful influence at this critical period was Mr. Fnkuzawa, a man who traveled and studied much abroad, and who then devoted his life to interpreting Western learning and science to his own people. He established a great school ill Tokyo, where many bright youths first drank of the stimulating fountain of world knowledge. He also published numerous books and papers on geography, history, and the natural sciences, which were widely read and studied. Altho he never became a Christian, Mr. Fu kuzawa possessed a noble character. In striking contrast with most public men in Japan, his home life was pure and worthy. He was truly meek and humble, persistently refusing titles of learning, of nobility, and offers of pecuniary reward from his government. He has done more than any other man to bring an elementary knowledge of the world to the common people of his land.

When we remember the original quality of the Japanese people, the fact that the times were ripe for a change, and then the additional fact that these two men lived and labored in Japan during the last half century, we can begin to see how it was possible for <Tapan to de- .velop so rapidly, and to assume her present proud position among the nations of the earth. A marvelous transformation it has been, indeed; but not an unintelligible one.

The issue of the war between Japan and China ten years ago "first convinced the West of the real and substantial progress made by this new power in the Orient. For we are still a martial people, strongly impressed by the sight of ability to wage successful war. And the strength, bravery, and general military capacity shown in the prosecution of this war with Hussia is also giving us further demonstration that Japan has changed for good, and is thoroughly at home in her new armament. She is now fighting for the independence and reform of China and Korea, and indirectly for her own self-defense. She IS waging a righteous war-if such a thing is possible-and she deserves complete success.

Commerce, civilization, and Christianity in the Far East are safer in her hands than in russia's, and all lovers of justi~e, truth, and

THE EVOLUTION OF JAPAN

humanity should pray for her final triumph. I look for her to come out of this mighty struggle with enhanced prestige and renown, and to maintain well her present proud position in the family of nations.

Bu t is there not danger in this sudden emergence of an Asiatic race from obscurity to world-influence and power? Many are asking this question in all seriousness, but I believe their fears to be un- founded. There is no probability of Japan going back to her old bar- baric life. She is irretrieveably committed to civilization and progress.

The cause of enlightenment, humanity, and justice is safe in her hands. It is true that she believes in " Asia for the Asiatics," but why should we be frightened at that? Do we not believe in America for the Americans? Did not our people declare a few years ago that Cuba was to be for the Cubans? And has not our President recently affirmed of a part of this same Asia that the Philippines must be administered for the Filipinos? It ill becomes liberty-loving Americans to object to that platform. But this position of Japan's does not mean antagonism to white men as such, or a desire to drive them from ground now held. It simply means that Orientals have a right to their own territories with all their resources, and that they shall not be forcibly and unjustly deprived of the same.

But what ahout the relation of this new power to Christianity? Is she not unchristian? Unfortunately, she is. Her moral and relig- ious ideas and standards are much at variance with ours. She has ac- cepted in good faith the ·principle of· religious liberty, and will give Christianity a fair chance in her dominions; but the attitude of most of her people toward our faith is unfriendly. The educated generally look upon it as a product of ignorance and superstition that has outlived its usefulness, while the masses are so given over to idol~try and immorality as to be greatly prejudiced and inimicable to the Gospel.

Christianity has, however, made considerable progress in Japan, and is wielding no small influence there. After only thirty-five years of unhindered work one hundred and forty thousand converts have been gathered, counting both Protestants and Catholics, and the influence of these is far out of proportion to their numbers. They occupy high positions in all the academies and colleges of Japan, and some of them even sit in the professional chairs. of her universities. Others are editors of some of the great dailies and magazines. Ever since the Diet was opened Christians have occupied prominent places in it, and the position of Speaker has been held by them for twelve years. Christians command two of the battle-ships that have been giving such good account of themselves recently, and they also hold many high positions in the army. We have reason fo:: congratulation at the success Christianity has already won in Japan and the influence that she is exerting there, and we are assured that our religious institutions and liberties will be treated fairly and justly by the native government. While not yet nominally Christian, Japan manifests more of the fruits of Christianity to-day than does her great enemy, Russia.

SOME FACTORS IN THE CHINA PROBLEM BY REV. GEORGE A. STUART, M.D., NANKING, CHINA President of Nanking University; Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1886- China is the problem. Russia and Japan are at the beginning of a war which, unless other powers intervene, promises to be war to the knife and knife to the hilt. He who looks beyond the relatively unimportant points at issue will see that the real contest is for the control of China, for the nation that controls China will haye paramount control in the Far East and probably also of the Pacific. To the Slav success in this struggle will mean empire, to the Japanese it means life. Outside interference aside, should the Russian gain possession of Manchuria and Korea, and have preeminent influence in China, the very existence of Japan as an independent nation would be threatened. No one can tell how the present contest between these nations will end, but Russia must not be allowed to control China yet. Maybe, in the immutable counsels of God, the day may come when this will be best; but in the interest of universal peace and safety, and especially of the outspread of spiritual Christianity, that time is not yet-at least, not until the Greek Church has been brought to Christ and filled with His spirit.

Judging by her past history, we are tolerably sure of what Russia's attitude toward the propagation of the Gospel by Protestants in China would be, should she gain control over that empire. In truth, not only to the Gospel, but to open commerce also, the doors would be closed as fast_as she could close them. Japan has, lately at least, shown herself more tolerant. Her people feel that they have a destiny in China, and their possible relationship as the harbingers of the new civilization to the Celestial empire is rapidly becoming one of the patriotic motives of these Yankees of the East. It is pleasing to learn that this feeling of destiny extends also to the Japanese Christians, for they have already sent out parties to China to learn the language and prepare for the active propagation of the Gospel there. Given a deep realization of the work of the Holy Spirit in the hearts of these Japanese missionaries, and a dear conception on their part of the fundamentals of the Gospel, what more ideal force could we have for the rapid evangelization of China? Asiatics dealing with Asiatics; in greater or less degree similar in habits, customs, and modes of thought; regarded by the Chinese as one in race; simple and frugal in mode of life; able, with but slight change from native habits, to adopt the Chinese mode of living, dress, and food; a numerous people near at hand-surely this is a force that ought to be used somehow in the great work. Rationalism and infidelity are already being carried from Japan to China by Japanese educators and others who have gone to China to reside, by Chinese reformers who are living under Japan's

SOME FACTORS IN THE CHINA PROBLEM

protection and who are flooding their native country with all sorts of literatu1;e upon political and ethical topics, and by Ohinese scholars who are retranslating from Japanese into Chinese works from German and other sources. Thus error and unbelief are already using the Japanese door to influence Ohina. Why should the Ohurch of the living God hand over this force to the enemy?

But if this is to be done, Japan must be quickly and thoroughly permeated with vital Ohristianity. The forces at work in the Sunrise Empire shoulrl. be greatly increased; preparation for the crusade should be urged upon the native ministry; Japanese Ohristians in this country aud Hawaii should be exhorted to consecrate themselves and their wealth to this work; Japanese who are already in Ohina as merchants, students, and teachers should be well looked after by the missionaries there, and where numbers warrant it a special missionary should be provided for the Japanese colony.

The Influence of Japan That Japan is ready for an aggressive Ohristianity which will reach into the very life of the nation is evidenced by the attitude of some of her wisest and most progressive statesmen toward the subject. The Hon. Kenkichi Kataoka, late President of the Low.er House of the Im- perial Diet, and also President of the Doshisha University, was an elder in the Presbyterian Ohuroh. He was four times elected Presi- dent of the Lower House. When, at his first election, fears were ex- pressed by some of his friends that the fact of his eldership might tend to prevent his election, and some even advised him to resign this office temporarily, he replied that he would rather be an elder in the Ohristian Ohurch than President of the Imperial Diet.

Baron Maejima, a former member of the Imperial Oabinet, said re- cently: "I firmly believe we must have religion as the basis of our national and personal welfare. No matter how large an army or navy we may have, unless we have righteousness at the foundation of our national existence we shall fall short of the highest success. I do not hesitate to say that we must rely upon religion for our highest welfare.

And when I look about me to see what religion we may best rely upon, I am convinced that the religion of Ohrist is the most full of strength and promise for the nation." .

But while the success of Japanese arms may favorably affect the solution of the Ohinese political problem, and while aggressive Japan- ese Ohristianity may become a factor, and perhaps an important one, in evangelizing this numerous people, it can not fail to leave much, very much, to be accomplished by other agents. The problem is a great one, viewed from any standpoint. Many years. ago Lord Elgin ~ said, in reply to an address presented to him by the merchants of Shanghai:

"When the barriers which prevent free access to the interior of the country shall have been removed, Christian civilization of the West will find itself face to face, not with barbarism, but with an ancient civilization in many respcpts effete and imperfect, but in others not without claims to our sympathy and respect. In the rivalry which will then ensue Christian civilization will have to win its way among a skeptical and ingenious people by making it manifest that a faith which reaches to Heaven furnishes better guarantees for public and private morality than one which does not rise above the earth."

We must not underestimate a civilization which, millenniums before our ancestors had emerged from the virgin forests, had produced wise and impartial rulers, sage philosophers, and a high code of morals; that early in its history had known and used certain of those arts to which we are wont to point as the achievements of our civilization; that had produced a literature and developed it to a high degree when our forefathers, if, indeed, they could read at all, were conning the meager records of decayed nations; that was making history and writing it when our ancestors were recording the petty events of their savage life by cutting notches in a stick.

Here, then, we have a wonderful ancient people apparently preserved in a most marvelous manner through all these ages, and we are led to ask: "How has this remarkable preservation been brought about?" Physical environment will in a measure explain their solidarity and continued existence as a race. Placed in one of the most fertile portions of the globe, of a size for the making of an empire, bounded on the east by the great ocean, with a non-aggressive, tropical people IIrt the south, shut off from the rest of the world on the west by the lofty Himalayas and the steppes of Central Asia, inhabited only by nomadic tribes, protected on the north by the cold, inhospitable plains of Eastern Siberia, it was highly improbable that the people inhabiting these plains would be interfered with, or even visited, prior to the opening of world navigation.

That they have been a united people politically no student of their history will be bold enough to assert; but their annals do bear out the claim that the complex unity of this people may, at least in part, have resulted from their tribal and dyn.astic conflicts. Yet beyond all this there remains a solidarity of race and civilization not ade_ quately accounted for by these conditions. May not a very important additional factor be found in adherence to certain high moral precepts inculcated by early philosophers? Certainly, if "righteousness exalteth a nation," adherence to truth, whatever may have been its origin, will bring its reward. Of these moral precepts the highest and most important, undoubtedly, is that referring to the five relations: prince and subject, father and son, husband and wife, elder and younger brothel', and friend with friend.

It will be noted that three of these relationships deal directly with

SOME FAC1'O:aS IN TilE CIIINA PROBLEM

the family, and one can not live very long in Ohina, nor associate with the people very much, without being impressed by the great influence . their sacred regard for these relationships has upon the life and char- acter of the people. Reverence for the father by the son, which amounts almost to worship; respect for the elder brother, which makes him to the younger brothers, after the father, the determiner of their destiny, are marked characteristics of this people. And whatever this respect and reverence may for any reason lack in sincerity is made up by faithful, unwavering observance. This makes the family tie a very strong one, and this filial and fraternal bond becomes one of the few true saving qualities in that mass of incongruous inconsistencies, Chinese character. It is one of the things upou which we can lay hold iu teaching of the Fatherhood of God, the brotherhood of man, but especially of our Elder Brother, the God-man, even Ohrist Jesus.

Ohinese characteristics are often painted in very dark colors, and in many respects rightly so, until one who has this people upon his heart turns from the picture heartsick. But what can be expected of four thousand years of superstition, of self-deception, and cruelty from a people of whose three religions one, in its ultimate analysis, is simple ag- nosticism, another the most debasing demonolatry, and the best that the third has to offer is extinction in nothingness? Oonfucianism, which turns the eyes backward toward the imperfect models of the past and makes idolatry of the most sacred relations of life; Taoism, which peoples the world with myriads of evil spirits, all seeking the destruc- tion of the human soul; and Buddhism, which leads the soul through. numberles Kalpas of transmigration to ultimate extinction. The won_ der is that in a character built upon such hopeless beliefs a single redeeming quality remains.

The Bright~r Side of the Picture But let us look for a while on the bright side of the picture. We have a right to expect Ohristianity to bear fruit in changed lives in any people. So we are not surprised at the heroism of Ohinese Ohristians during the awful days of 1900, when thousands of converts suffered martyrdom rather than deny their Lord, nor do we wonder that others often jeopardized their own lives to save those of missionaries or other foreigners. There were many otherwise weak ones made strong by this trial in their new-found faith. But there were notable examples of those high in official life who, for humanitarian and patriotic reasons, refused to join in the plot against foreigners, some of them even laying down their own lives rather than do this wrong. Such were Hsu Ching-chen and Yuen Chang, the two high statesmen who1 receiving the empress dowager's edict of extermination of foreigners for transmission to the Yangtse and southern provinces, altered the words in the edict from" consume by fire" (property) … "destroy

by torture" (lives) to "strenuously protect." For daring to thus thwart the nefarious plan of the empress dowager-for, apart from humanitarian motives, they saw that her course was fraught with nothing short of calamity to the empire-they were ignominiously "sawn asunder" in the instrument known as the" rotatory barrel," a mode of punishment reserved for those guilty of high treason. That the names of all foreigners then in China do not appear on the martyr's roll along with those Of Tai-yuen fu and Paotingfu is largely due to this heroic act of these two men. And we whose lives were spared by this their act can join their elegist, and say: " And so ye died, died leaving legacy Of heartache sore at martyred loyalty. Sincere of soul, ye fell; the pit was deep. Your feet were snared-and it is onrs to weep."

Another was Colonel Li, then in command of the Kiangyin forts on the Yangtse, who, when ordered by the notorious Li Ping-heng, the empress dowagp,r's emissary at the south, to "fire upon and sink every foreign vessel passing his fort and to allow no foreigner to escape alive," refused to obey until he had received orders from the viceroy at Nanking. And this grand old man, Liu Kwen-yi, who may be named as a fourth, tho not the least, of these heroic souls, counter- manded the nefarious order, saying: "I am an old man, and have not long to live; but I can not do this wicked thing, and take the lives of defenseless and harmless men, women, and children." Such were some of the noble souls who were willing to lay down their lives for what they deemed to be right, and there are many more of theae in that great land. Then let us not measure this people by their faults, which often are their heritage for scores of generations, but let us believe that these nobler qualities, when acted on by the power of the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ, will serve as a starting-point for the uplift- ing and purifying of the whole moral nature, making them into verit- ~ble sons or'God.

The Day of Opportunity This is the day of opportunity in China. * The Boxer uprising of 1900, like a flash of lightning, has cleared the atmosphere about mis- sions in a score of ways. Those who had regarded mission work as a piece of sentImentalism have been shown its reality. Those who ques- tioned the genuineness of the Ohinese convert, when they have seen his faithfulness unto death, can no longer dou bt that the love of Christ _ can constrain the Mongolian as well as the Oaucasian. Those who were disposed to underestimate the prescience of the missionary in re- gard to things Ohinese will in the future be inclined to treat his opin- * This will be dealt with more fully in a later article by Dr. John R. Hykes.-EDITORS.

SOME FACTORS IN THE CHINA PROBLEM

ions with more respect than formerly. To a part of the Chinese the failure of the empress dowager's scheme of extermination of foreign- ers and native Christians, and her ignominious flight at the approach of the allied forces, have created a distrust of the old regime, and they are ready to accept anything that will promise stability with national honor. Another part are genuinely ashamed of the whole Boxer epi- sode, and their patriotic souls long to redeem their country's credit and bring her into the commonwealth of nations that have liberty and right as the basis of national life.

Just now a dark cloud of uncertainty hangs over the land, and no one can see his way out; but they are groping toward the light. The whole country is open to influences for good. Change is iu the air. From the empress dowager, driving about the City of Peking in her automobile, to the private in the ranks of the army, with his new uniform and modern rapid~fire guu, a great desire to secure the advantages Western ci vilization has to offer has taken hold on the people.

Now would seem to be the strategic moment for missions. Advices from the field indicate that there is the liveliest interest in Christianity. The Bible and Tract Societies and the Diffusion Society are sorely pressed to provide Bibles and Christian literature fast enough to meet the demand. In many places chapels are crowded daily with attentive listeners to the preaching of God's word, while inquirers are coming forward as never before in the history of the work in this empire. Christian schools are full to overflowing, and hospitals find their field of usefulness greatly extended. '['he difficulty now is to sift out the sincere ones from the multitudes coming to us and to provide for their instruction in the way of life.

God is turning the eyes of the world Chinaward, and making more evident from day to day the necessity for her evangelization. Unevangelized and in the hands of a power capable of leading her, she becomes a menace to the liberties of the rest of the world. Unevangelized, her integrity maintained, and allowed to colonize where she pleases, she promises to submerge the rest of the world in a resistless yellow tide. The" yellow peril" is not one of military conquest, for the Chinese are not, and never have been, a martial people; but it is one of the peaceful conquest of the world by the virility, fecundity, industry, adaptability, and commercial ability of this race. This has been their history in the past. They who by military prowess secured the rule over this wonderful people were eventuitlly conquered by their peaceful arts and submerged in their civilization. Hence the urgent necessity for their evangelization. Without it, the world threatens to be returned to paganism; but with it, and with these as an evangelizing force, the speedy victory of Christianity is assured.

A RECENT ATTEMPT TO ENTER TIBET , BY J. TAYLOR HAMILTON, D.D., HERRNHUT, GERMANY Member of the Moravian Mission Board For the Christian world an uppermost question in connection with the British political mission to Lhasa is: Will this closed land, the citadel of Buddhism, now become accessible for the preaching of the Gospel? It is too early to attempt a satisfying reply, whatever our hopes may be. Meanwhile' the story of an attempt made last summer by a zealous native evangelist, and reported to Bishop La Trobe, who visited the Moravian work on the Himalayas in 1901, is of interest, and should evoke intercessions, that the barrier of prejudice, possibly at first strengthened rather than weakened by recent events, may be removed.

Paulu is a Tibetan by race and in speech, a native of Spiti, a British province on the western border of the closed land. Tibetan is his mother tongue. Tho a Buddhist formerly, he has long been a Chris-· tian and an active member of the little Moravian congregation at Poo, in the valley of the Sutlej, almost two thousand feet above sea-level. He has assisted in the translation of parts of the Old Testament, and as long ago as 1894 uudertook an evangelistic journey into Chinese Tibet. Indeed, for the sake of Christ he has left his native province with all that he possessed, in order to enjoy Christian society and fellowship, and to establish his household in Christiau fashion at Poo in Kunawur. During the past winter he rendered most acceptable assistance to the Moravian missionary, the Rev. R. Schnabel.

More than one attempt has been made to cross over the terrrible heights from Poo into To-tso, the nearest Tibetan province, for this mission station was founded in 1865 for the express purpose of pioneer work in Chinese Tibet, as well as for the evangelization of the Tibetanspeaking Buddhists of Kunawur. But the jealous watchfulness of the lamas has each time frustrated the attempt. If an epidemic of smallpox has ravaged the scattered village population of the lofty plateaus, the head men have been allowed to call· in the services of the missionaries to minister to the distressed and to inoculate against the dreaded disease. But so soon as their humanitarian purpose has been accomplished, they have been escorted to the border. If they have tried to penetrate into the land uninvited, they and their beasts of burden have been refused refreshment, and the mayors of the towns or prefects of districts have besought them to withdraw, lest they themselves should suffer condign punishment, even lose their headsno empty fear, in view of the terrible condition of the prisoners recently released by the British expedition in Lhasa. Paulu himself, tho a Tibetan, was turned back in the province of Chumurti, in 1894, after he had penetrated To-tso.

A Rl!:OElNT ATTlllMPT TO jjJNTEl1i TiBET

But hopes ran high this year. Might he not avail himself of the ferment caused by political events some eight hundred miles or so to the east? So, about the middle of May, with two other Tibetan Christians as his companions and as the carriers of their stock of Christian literature-parts of the Bible and tracts in Tibetan, printed by the lithograph presses of the Moravian mission stations-Paulu set out enthusiastically. Alas! thirty-six days later, much earlier than Mr. Schnabel expected, on June 22d, Paulu and his companions returned with downcast faces. They were well and hearty, but sadly disappointed.

Even in Spiti, while en ?'oute, their way had not been smooth. If they had expected that many would throng their tent, eager for the glad tidings, the contrary had been the case. But Paulu had persevered. Highways and hedges had been searched by him to compel them to come in. He had entered the homes of the people. content to preach to a congregation of one, and not wholly without result, for on the return journey his message had been given a more friendly, interested reception. But To-tso had proven inaccessible. Kyurig, the first village over the border, accorded them a hearty welcome, it is true. Almost all the villagers, including the children, had assembled the first evening in order to hear the message of the strangers. Paulu had pressed on eagerly and full of hope. While on the way to Tsorub, the next place of consequence, he and his friends were accosted by strangers who disappeared after inquiring their business in the country. Not long after the head man of the village appeared and called them to a halt, questioning further as to their designs. Paulu disclaimed any ulterior motives, political or mercenery.

"Our sole intention is to bring to the Tibctans the Word, of God." The official answered: "Perhaps that is so, but you know we can not allow on this side of the frontier sahibs and other suspicious-looking people. We shall be put to death if we do so." Then he scrutinized them very closely. "You look like genuine Tibetans, and are such so far as externals are concerned. But your hearts are filled with the religion of the sahibs. No, we can not permit you to pass." All the representations of Paulu and his companions were in vain. At last the only concession secured was: "Wait here a little. I will talk about the matter in the village, and, after our consultations, will let you know what to do." So Paulu and his two fellow Christians waited. 'rhe hours passed. No word came. Darkness drew on. Still they waited. Finally they pushed on to Tsorub, and that night again heralded Christ. But it was their last opportunity, for the people strongly insisted on their withdrawal; and no alternative was left. Paulu's missionary tour had brought the message of grace to twenty

villages during the thirty-six days; but as an attempt to penetrate Chinese Tibet from the west, his undertaking had failed. Whether 'ribet proper will be opened to the Gospel, as a result of the recent British expedition, can not yet be told. Possibly the entrance of Europeans or their sympathizers at other points than those stipulated in the treaty may be the more jealously guarded by the Buddhist priesthood. That the immediate members of the British political mission could not be hindered from missionary work in Lhasa is a good augury, on the other hand. Mr. McDonald, the interpreter of the expedition, one of the revisers of the Tibetan New Testament, some time ago at work in Darjiling, could report the holding of services with satisfactory results. May the flight of the Dalai Lama prove the beginning of the end of Buddhism.

THE CHURCH AND THE WORKING MEN THE CAMPAIGN TO BRING THE LABORERS AND THE CHURCH INTO HARMONY BY REV. CHARLES STELZLE, Representing the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions in the Interest of Working Men The Presbyterian Board of Home Missions began a unique work something over a year ago, the object of which was to bring the working man nearer to the Church and the Church closer to the working man. Naturally, the campaign centers in the cities. About thirty of the larger cities have been touched by the representative of the board, and the work has brought out very clearly the need of just such an effort by-the Church if working men are to be won for Christ, and if the Ohurch is to understand something of the problems of the working man.

Before a particular city is visited an inquiry blank is sent to every pastor, containing about one hundred questions as to the conditions in his church, his community, and his city. 'l'he object of the blank is threefold. '.i'he answers give the visitor a fair idea of the spiritual, financial, and social conditions of the church and of the community, and how these conditions have been met by the church and by other organizations. The questions suggest to the pastor some things which he lIlay have known in a general way,'but which, in most cases, have not been very accurately fixed in his mind. The inquiry blank also suggests, by the' questions asked, the line of operation to be proposed. Thus the work is half done before the city is reached. The answers received are in every case considered confidential.

While the mission is not primarily evangelistic, some time is given to this phase of work in every city visited. The evangelistic meetings are not, as a rule, held in the churches, but in the large shops at the noon hour, near the churches which desire to interest working men.

THE CHURCH AND THE WORKING MAN

It is hoped that the shop meetings will be continued by the pastors in these churches after the campaign has been completed in a particular city. Evangelistic meetings are also held in the churches on Sunday nights, in halls, or in the Young Men's Christian Associations on Sun- day afternoons, when special efforts are made to bring in working men, particularly those who have become alienated from the Church.

Conferences are held with the ministers of the city concerning the relation of the Church to the industrial problem, and meetings with labor leaders or with the members of the labor unions are arranged for, when questions dealing with various phases of the problem are discussed and when questions are invited. It will be of interest to note that not a new question has been asked in six months, and that the questions are practically the same in every city. This proves, first of all, that the objections to the Church are comparatively limited, and, second, that the minds of workingmen are being filled from a common source. It is quite apparent, therefore, that if this source can be carefully studied the solution of the problem may be gone about systematically and directly.

There is a propaganda among working men which is being aggressively pushed by socialists of rather mediocre ability. But their literature is written in the language of the people, which can not always be said of that issued by the Church. Because of this homely characeristic it is being read by even the humblest working man, and it naturally follows that socialism is rapidly making converts from the ranks of the toilers. Whatever one may think of socialism as an economic system, t.he churchman must awake to the fact that socialism means more to the average working man than a system of economics. It has become to him a religion, and he is as devoted to it as is many a professed follower of Jesus to the Church. This is the phase of socialism which should give the Church her deepest concern. The economic aspect may well be left to others, for of this there is little cause for alarm.* Because working men are being so greatly influenced by the literature sent out from the office of the socialist agitators, and because so much of it has to do with the ministry and with the Church, the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions is issuing a series of leaflets which deal with these questions. That the membership of the Church may become more familiar with the problems which confront us in this connection, literature is also being issued for their especial benefit. This literature has been distributed in large quantities, particularly in shop meetings, and it may be had for the asking.

Arrangements have been made whereby a fraternal delegate from • These are some of the observations resulting from a study of the problem at close hand, in the hall of the labor union, in the shop, in the editorial office, and in private discussion with men who speak with authority for their fellows.

the local ministers' association meets regularly with the Central Labor Union, having all the privileges of the organization without assuming any of its obligations. It has been thought well in some cities to have a representative from the Central Labor Union meet with the ministers in the same capacity. The result of this has been that there is a more cordial relationship between the working man and the Church: first, because the minister has a bl'tter understanding of what the labor movement stands for, and, second, because the labor leader has come to know something of the mission of the Church.

Realizing that if working men are to be reached for Christ the work must be done very largely by Christian working men, it is a part of the plan of campaign to commit to a definite service for working men the men who are already in the churches. These volunteers become the agents of the Board of Home Missions for the distribution of literature and for service in other ways that the department may suggest. That a more general interest in these problems may be taken by the churches, and especially by the young men and women in our educational institutions, special addresses on various phases of the work, from a practical standpoint, are given in the larger churches to the students in theological seminaries and other organizations. Some of these addresses ani illustrated with the stereopticon.

Not only are methods of work discussed in the conferences and with the workers in the churches, but when opportunity offers the work is so organized that a particular church may become more effective in meeting the problems of the community by which it is surrounded. Practical suggestions are given especially to the young men in the mission fields of the city who desire to bring their churches to greater efficiency.

A NEW PLAN FOR JUNIOR MISSION BANDS * BY MISS RUTH G. WINANT, NEW YORK CITY The mad rush of the age! It has spared nothing! It has fostered invention, and has been the means of bringing to light many of the secrets of science. But this is not all. The" quick-lunch" counters cater to the palate, purse, and pulse of the men imd women of to-day; electric cars, automobiles, and subway trains hurry to and fro the surging mass that throng our busy streets. This we expect. But the , rush has touched the lives of the children, ltnd those whose only hurry should be that known in their games of" tag" and" blind man's buff " are hastened from school to gymnasium, and from gymnasium to music or language lessons, until many a modern child becomes a mere machine.

Such children are in our city churches. You have a Christian En- , • See page 57.

A NEW PLAN FOR JUNIOR MISSION BANDS

deavor, a Young People's Society, or a Junior Missionary Society, and call on or write to fifty young people, inviting them to become members of these organizations. Perhaps eighteen will join, six plainly do not want to, four can not come alone, and-twenty-two have lessons that interfere!

Shall the children of the world be wiser than the "children of Light"? Shall the time-saving devices, the inventions often of worldly men's minds and hands, exceed our expediency?

A stray word (humanly speaking) dropped by one Sunday-school teacher to another with regard to the" Home Department" set the second teacher to investigating this branch work. Investigation revealed a sphere of unlimited opportunities, yet impracticable for her school.

The idea remained with her, however, and there grew up with it a great desire to do something for the children whose many afternoon studies interfered with their attendance upon the missionary meetings. Thoughts soon began to crystalize, and a branch was added to the Junior Missionary Society called the "Home Department." This was especially for lesson-burdened children, not for the" don't cares." Fifteen children were asked to join, and ten did so. The conditions of membership were twofold: (1) the careful reading of missionary letters and leaflets sent semi-monthly, and prayer for the country that was the subject of the leaflets and letters, and (2) the filling of a" mite box" for some specific missionary cause.

The bi-monthly letters and leaflets were on the topic of the regular meeting, and from the first much interest was manifested. In more than one home whole families sat around the library table at night as a mother read of the neglected children in Dark Africa, or of dear little Hindu girls, or of the cruel foot-binding of China.

A Home Department Letter 'fhe following is part of a sample letter sent out to the members. It is the second in a series on Japan. The first took up" The Land of the Chrysanthemums," and this one "The People of Sunrise Kingdom ": DEAR JUNIORS:- Let us ride first to the railway station, for we want to take the train to Tokyo, the capital, a ride of an hour.

I am glad it is a clear day, for our coolie, or runner, can go faster, and there is no danger ~f our becoming mud-splashed; besides this, the mountains are so much more beautiful with the sun shining on their snow-capped summits. So bright, indeed, are they that we have to shade our eyes and look away to some less brilliant object. The first thing we notice is our carriage. Such an odd affair! It is more like an American buggy than anything we have ever seen, only it is very frail looking, and in between the shafts, only ha.lf as wide as those used here, instead of a horse is a man. In other words, the Japanese cabmen draw their own cabs.

Let us look at this man as a representative of a large class in Japan.

We look, and we want to laugh-such a queer hat as he wears. It looks like a chopping-bowl turned upside down, and is made of blue cotton material. Instead of a tight-fitting livery that would keep him from moving fast or freely, he wears a loose cotton shirt cut out at the neck, and without sleeves, while instead of trousers he wears blueish tights, and sandals to keep the stones from cutting his feet. . . .

We can not visit all the points of interest, but we will take a peep into one or two Japanese homes. We hire another jinrikisha, and are drawn along. But, listen! My, what a noise! What can it be? We see nothing unusual happening, and yet there is a clatter, clatter, clatter that sounds like the beating of drumsticks. Is a parade coming? we wonder. Finally we discover. It is Japanese shoes! The streets are crowded, and the wooden clogs the people wear echo with each step.

From this discovery we look for the men and women, and I confess that were it not for the way they arrange their hair it would be hard to tell them ap~rt in the distance, for both wear long, kimono-like gar- ments. The women draw these in at the waists with a sash, the men with a cord such as we use on our bath-robes. The sashes are nine yards long and a yard wide; the cords, just long enough to tie comfortably.

Bnt again we are puzzled. Why do the women walk pigeon-toed? Finally our curiosity gets the better of us, and we ask our "man," He looks at us, surprised to find Western people so stupid, as he exclaims: "For keep dlesse close, walk toe turn in; walk toe turn out, dlesse fly open." As he speaks we turn in at the garden gate of the house where we are to be entertained over night, the house of Tamura San, or Mr. Tamura,thetitles" Mr.," "Mrs.," "Rev.," "Miss," being placed after instead of before the name in Japan. The house is only one story high, but large. "The roof is not steep, and the rafters extend at the eaves two and one-half to three feet beyond the walls."

Before we have time to notice any further strange things about the outside of the house, we are ushered into a small vestibule. Here our host bows to us, and we, bowing also, are invited to "come up higher," or step up into the living-room, two feet above. Taking off our shoes, we step up into the room and stand looking for a chair. There is none to he seenl and just as we are recovering from our surprise, our host asks ns to take a seat, which we do-on the floor-sitting cross-legged, as we see the others do. "You notice that there are no wooden or brick walls dividing the rooms, but that the sliding paper panes, called shoji, serve to divide them, and these. easily taken out, would throw almost all the house into one room. When you look around you are surprised at the lack of furniture; there are no chairs and tables" … you will be further surprised, for, instead of joining the others at a family table, you find each guest has a table for himself, or herself, about six inches high, on which the servant places a bowl of rice, tea, fish, and vegetables.

Darkness falls-darkness in heathen tho beautiful Japan, and we bow our heads and pray, "God, let the Light of the World shine here," and as we lift onr eyes a star sails forth. into the night, an omen of a brighter to·morrow.

Are there not many of Ollr Savior's little ones in your church who are so busy writing essays on Oresar and Napoleon that the history of Ohristian missions is ignored? Graduating from day-schools with honor, able to solve the most complex geometrical problems, yet unable to tell anything of Robert Morrison, Robert Moffat, Henry Zie- genbalg, and Adoniram Judson!

It rests with the Ohristians who work among the young children in our churches to" make" a way for them to learn. The Home Depart- ment is a step in this direction. God grant that it may be a powerful one!

THE BUREAU OF MISSIONS

THE BUREAU OF MISSIONS* The Bureau of Missions was organized to preserve and develop the missionary exhibit and library gathered at the time of the Ecumen- ical Oonference on Foreign Missions of 1900. Later its scope was en- larged to include the distribution of missionary information.

'rhe trustees of the Bureau include representatives of different de- nominations, and its advisory board, made up of missionary specialists, is also broadly interdenominational in character.

Thus constituted, the Bureau is incorporated under the laws of the State of New York. It was formally appointed by the Executive Oommittee of the Ecumenical Oonference to take charge of and hold in trust the archives, reports, and other property of the Oonference.

This action was formally confirmed and approved by the foreign mis- sionary societies of the United States and Oanada at the conference of their officers, held at Toronto in February, 1902, the conference voting also to commend the Bureau to the cooperation of the several boards and of all interested in the purposes of such an organization.

The Bureau is a unique institution, closely related to the missionary societies of the United States and Oanada, and in correspondence with missionary societies from Toronto to Texas and from Finland to New Zealand. It reads missionary publications in severallanguages forthe benefit of the missionary societies of America, and it collects, arranges, and stores facts of every description bearing on missions for the use of societies and individual students. All the uses of the Bureau have not yet been discovered; but its greatest use to the world is that its studies of the various denominational undertakings help to reveal their unity of purpose. So far it serves to show to the public the wide scope and dignity of the missionary enterprise.

It embraces three departments: The Department of Missionary Information is occupied with the collection of the facts of missionary operations, and their classification and organization for quick reference. A monthly bulletin of fresh news and incidents from all parts of the world-field places a part of the fruit of its studies in the hands of all members of the Bureau.

The Library Department is the foun iation of the Department of Information. It collects leaflets, periodicals, and reports of the different missionary societies in all languages, and the more important books relating to missions. The collection will be increased as gifts of books or funds for their purchase are received. The most important of the missionary magazines of America and of Europe are indexed as they appear, so that discUl~sion of missionary topics become grouped and classified. A number of maps of suitable size for use at missionary meetings are kept on hand in the library, and loaned on request.

The Museum Department collects articles illustrating the life and the social and religious conditions of non-Christian peoples. As soon as funds are received for enlarging and completing the collection, it will be placed on exhibition at the American Museum of Natural His- * See Editorial on page 58.

tory, New York. The value is now appreciated of such exhibitions, as a means of making missions more real to the people. It is hoped, therefore, that the Bureau may be supplied with the means of carry- ing out its plans in this department. If this can be done, smaller ex- hibits will be organized and kept in readiness to be loaned to mission- ary meetings of all denominations.

Let us illustrate some of the more evident uses of the Bureau: 1. It is a helper to students of missions and leaders of missionary meetings. For instance, one such leader asks the Bureau how many women there are in India, how many of these are Christians, how many can read and write, and what is the proportion of Christian and of pagan women respectively who can not read and write. The next morning's mail takes him his information. A young woman who is going to devote herself to missionary work asks where she can get special training for foreign mission work. The address and some par- ticulars of the training-school nearest to her home go to her at once. 2. Editors and newspaper men use it. A writer on the history of medicine says he has heard that there are medical missions somewhere, and he wants to know where they are. A list of books and periodical literature is sent him that opens his eyes considerably. At the begin- ning of the Japanese war an editor asked where he could learn what missionary societies are at ~ork in Korea and Manchuria. Within an hour he was given a list of the societies, with full statistics of their work. The Bureau also keeps watch on the misstatements about mis- sions in the secular press, and answers such as need attflntion. 3. Missionary societies use the Bureau as an annex to their own editorial equipment. One secretary asks what literature there is on "Systematic Giving." The return mail takes a list of a dozen books or booklets published by different denominations on the subject. Another society uses the Bureau to get statistics of the leading missionary societies for its annual survey. Another society wants to open a new mission in a region where it has as yet had no experience. From the Bureau it secures a special letter, written by an acknowledged authority on that particular region, which will guide'its policy in some important matters. The monthly bulletin of news from current European and American magazines is used both in America and Europe by many societies which can not afford to keep a force to read all the magazines. 4. 'rhe general public can look to the Bureau for the publication of books of real value for reference, but which can hardly be expected to possess the profitable selling qualities of fiction. The New Encyclopredia of Missions is of this class. The Blue Book of Missions for 1905, which is to be a sort of vade mecum for mission secretaries and for pastors, is another venture. 'I'he present cooperation of a committee of the Bureau with the editorial staff of the MISSIONARY RE- VIEW OF THE WORLD is a work of the same sort. * * The equipment of an office of this class, the maintenance of a sufficient force to receive, index, and arrange the ceaseless stream of literature, and promptly to handle the correspondence, and the development of the library and museum, implies expense. Missionary societies can aid parts of the work because doing a necessary thing in cooperation is economical. But the Bureau has to rely also upon others who appreciate and wish to help on its unique and important work because in it they foster the general cause of missions_ $500 constitutes the giver a patron of the Bureau_ $100 constitutes a subscriber. Sustaining members of the Bureau pay $10 or more annually, and, like patrons and subscribers, will receive grntis all new publications issued by the Bureau. Annual members pay $2 or more each year and receive gratis the Monthly Bulletin of the Bureau. All who aid this work by their subscriptions will, moreover, be conscious of aiding the whole missionary movement to tlnd place In the hearts of the people.

RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS

RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS BY THE RIGHT REV. CHARLES H. BRENT, D.D. Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church for the Philippines To attempt to describe religious conditions in the Philippine Islands with any degree of accuracy and fairness is a difficult task. The old order is fast passing away to give place to the new, so that what is true of to- day will not necessarily apply to to-morrow. Furthermore, so complex and varied is Filipino life, so hard to interpret aright are the mind and motives of the Malay, that, in the process of analysis and generalization, one can scarcely avoid losing perspective and being guilty of injustice here and there.

Never before in discussing a subject have I felt so keenly that" if any man thinketh that he knoweth anything, he knoweth not yet as he ought to know." Whatever value there may be in this report is due to the fact that it is largely the fruit of personal observation in different parts of the islands, and that I have no partisan or ulterior purpose beyond the desire to paint the thing as I see it for" the God of things as they are."

I. Christianity Among Americans in the Philippines Sweeping statements have been made frequently about the worthlessness of the Americans here. It is true that we stagger under a heavy burden of degenerate, criminal, and immoral citizens. But we have 110 more than the share that the history of expansion warns us to expect. There is nothing extraordinary in the situation.

On the other hand. many men and women of whom we would have prophesied good things have disappointed us by spiritual callousness or moral collapse. They arrive not infrequently with protestations of loyalty to the Church and with a record of religious activity in the past, only to disappear in the round of unwholesome pleasure-seeking which is the undoing of many in Manila. The probable explanation, if we care to search for one, is that these persons have been upheld by their superior moral surroundings at home, but have never assimilated righteousness so as to make it a part of their own personality. Being suddenly plunged into a social atmosphere morally enervating, the true self is laid bare.

Certain it is that the Orient is no fit place for persons, especially young men, who have not moral stamina. The Philippines are almost the sure undoing of the weak, and parents and friends should spend every influence at their command to prevent a youth who has not done well at home from going there. But if the East is apt in the undoing of character, it is equally apt in the making, where it has anything to work upon. There are striking instances where men who, prior to the time when they heard the East calling them, had been living carelessly, irreligiously, or, at any rate, without high purpose, but who, having opened their lips to the sparkling cup of unselfish responsibility, have been stimulated to an unprecedented pitch.of righteous endeavor, so that their advent to the Philippines has proved to be the high-water mark of their career. Such cases, I believe, are more common than is generally supposed.

Vying beneath the surface, where true life is wont to hide itself, is that compact body of loyal Christians and worthy citizens, who, in Manila and elsewhere, in quiet effectiveness pursue their appointed

course of public and private duty in civil and military life. Their num- ber is many, and they sholIld be given the credit that is due them, but which unostentatious service does not always receive.

Church-going in Manila among English-speaking people is not a matter for boasting. The percentage of attendance is small. At present there is not a worthy place of public worship in the city excepting the Roman Catholic churches, others being small, hot, and inconvenient. Our own cathedral and the projected building of the Presbyterians will soon take away this reproach. Speaking of the Roman Catholics, there is a strong proselyting movement afoot in Manila in which certain American Augustinians are conspicuously active.

In the provinces which I have visited, and where I have ministered to Americans residing in remote towns, there seems to be a different temper of mind from that which confronts us in Manila. Church ministrations are nearly always welcomed with enthusiasm, and usually most, if not all, Americans of every denomination turn out to service. There is a saying that we appreciate privileges most when we have been deprived of them. This may account for the attitude toward church-going in the provinces.

To sum up the situation, the religious problem among English-speaking people in the Philippines is not radically different from what it is elsewhere; the obstacles with which we have to contend are the familiar ones reinforced by the enervating influences of perpetual summer on the physical side, and the absence of that moral stimulation that is a concomitant of Anglo-Saxon civilization. It can not be repeated too often that our earliest and best efforts must be devoted to the American and English population, as is the case in all the British colonies that I have visited in the Orient. A judge said to me only yesterday, in commenting on this aspect of.the work: "If the spiritual needs of Americans in the Philippines are to be cared for as they should be, the whole time of the bishop should be devoted to them."

II. The Problem of the Heathen According to the figures of the recent census, which have been given me unofficially, there are 605,188 heathen and Mohemmedans in the archipelago out of a total population of 7,57~,199. About 260,000 non- Christians are credited to the Island of Luzon, 277,000 to the Moro provinces and those closely connected with them, the balance being distributed among the remainder of the islands. The enumeration is only approximate, as conditions forbid an accurate census. The non-Christians of Luzon belong to various tribes. Those with whom I have come into personal touch-the Igorrotes of Benguet, those of Lepanto-Bontoc, and the Tinguianes of Abra-have tribal religions of their own of a primitive type. The Moros are Mohammedans. The Bagobos, Mandayas, Tagacolos, Bilanes, Calaagans, Manobos, together with various other wild tribes, inhabit the interior of Mindanao, and for centuriespast have furnished slaves to the Moros. No one seems to know much about them or their customs. On a recent trip from Cottabato to Davao across country I came into contact with a few of these tribes. 'J'hey are shy and.of peaceable disposition. The Calaagans whom we saw in the little village of Bulutaca are not prepossessing, and stand low in the human scale. The Bagobos have a charming town in Davao, at the foot of Mount Apo. They number about

RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS

8,000 in all, and are scattered through that district. Those in Santa Crux have been touched by Christianity, and show a corresponding degree of refinement.

By way of illustrating how unexplored much of inner Mindanao is, two of my companions on my recent trip, prior to joining me, had been on an expedition through another part of the island. The party, after some difficulty, succeeded in making friends with the Mandayas, who mistook them for Spaniards. They had never heard of Americans, and were ignorant that the Philippines were no longer under Spanish sover- eignty. Nor had they ever met white men before. The firearms carried by Americans were the first they had ever seen, and excited much inter- est and curiosity. .-'

Our work among the Bontoc Igorrotes (70,000) progresses amid many obstacles and not a little hardship. At one time the Spanish friars had was a few scattered missions among these interesting people, but most of them were of a' comparatively recent date, and practically nothing accomplished beyond baptizing a small number and creating a suspicion and dislike for Christianity among the mass of them.

Any successful missionary venture among the heathen and uncivil- ized requires special equipment. MOl'e can be done by medical mission- aries than any others at the beginning. I believe that even the Moros, whose knowledge of Christianity is only the doctrinal aspect of it as set forth by the Jesuits, could, after a long time, probably be softened and won if Christian physicians were to settle among them and minister with healing hand to theil" many and grievous bodily ills. Several army sur- geons have moved freely among them without peril, and evidences of true gratitude have not been wanting.

As the friars combined handicraft and arts with religion, so should we be furnished in Bontoc with such appliances and aids to civilization as will encourage a decent and healthy mode of living. The Igorrotes should be taught to erect better houses for themselves. Their sole method of working now is by splitting logs with wedges, and then hew- ing out with an adze two or more boards, a method which is as wasteful as it is toilsome. The government gives them no inducement to labor, and tries to impresf) upon them that they need not work on the roads, even, if they prefer not. It is needless to say that if they once get this lodged in their minds, the government will be as destitute of workmen as are our missionaries, as the money offered in payment for toil has not sufficient attraction for the average Igorrote.

There is one further problem under this heading-that of the Chinese population, which the present census makes about fifty thousand, or one- half of the last official figures I secured. The registration was hardly complete when I received the statistics, but I have taken this into account in the estimate given. About half of the Chinese live in Manila, the balance being divided up among the larger towns of the archipelago.

In Manila the Chinese population is pretty well massed in the one sec- tion of Binondo, and the Binondo Roman Catholic Church claims four thousand Chinese Christians. It does not take long to discover that the Christianity of the Manila Chinese in the past has been largely a matter of social or commercial convenience. There is a good deal of intermar- riage with Filipinos. One author estimates that there are half a million Chinese mestizos in the Philippines-a low estimate, I should suppose.

It has been impossible for a Chinese to get married hitherto unless bap.

tized, and the frequency of applications to us for baptism to-day that marriage may take place to-morrow, together with an insinuation that a liberal fee will be forthcoming, reveals several things regarding past ecclesiastical history. The Presbyteria.ns, the Methodists, and ourselves have taken up work among the Manila Chinese, and hard work it is- that of reaching a heathen population contemptuously familiar with Christianity-Christianity that was cheap enough to be bought for a fee.

The habits of the Chinese called into being the Opium Investigating Committee, of which I had the honor of being a member, whose report is now in the hands of the commission. Unless uncompromising meas- ures are adopted by the government, it will only be a matter of time before the Filipinos are submerged by the most horrible vice in the Orient. No fate for a Malay race could be more desperate.

III. Spanish-Latin Christianity in the Philippines That measure of Christian belief and practise which the mass of the Filipino people enwy to-day * is the fruit of the labors of the Spanish friars and of the Jesuits. And not only their belief but also their rather remarkable (for a Malay people, however defective in its relative aspect) civilization. The motif of Spanish colonization in the days of Magallanes was religious first, commercial afterward. It is not inaccurate, therefore, to say that the Spanish inaugurated a mission rather than a colony when the standard of Castile was floated over the "Pearl of the Orient."

It would be beside the question to discuss here the historical progress of Latin Christianity among the Filipinos. In brief, it may be said that the friars came just in time to save the archipelago from the domination of Islam, Mindanao, and the adjacent islands of the south excepted; and that by the Christian creed they gave a strangely diversified group of peoples, without a literature, a common language, or the elements of political cohesion, either then or now, the one unifying force they have ever had. If in the course of time religious zeal on the part of the friars gave place to worldliness and the self-seeking of corporations, if the standard of holiness was lowered for both the priests and people, it was due to that strange law which dooms to decay even the best organization of men when it continues indefinitely without molestation, criticism, or competive stimulus. "HistQry warns us," ho.wever much we may chafe at the warning, "that where any uniform system reigns undisturbed and uncriticized, the :flame of the Christian life is apt to burn low. Diversity as well as unity has its benefits and blessings." If religious unity was necessary at the beginning, the religious diversity wrought by recent political changes in the Philippines was none the less opportune after three centuries of Roman Catholic rule. It is to the credit of Protestantismt that there is less negative and more constructive teaching in this stronghold of Latin belief than would have seemed possible; ihe * Protestant Christianity all dates from the American occupation, and until the children of to-day are grown to man's estate but little can be said about its influence on the Filipinos as a race.-c. H. B.

t In addition to our own Ohurch, the following religious bodies are represented: Metbodist, Presbyterian, Baptist, United Brethren, Christian (Campbellite). Numerically the firstmentioned are the strongest, numbering over seven thousand communicants, and about four thousand baptized; this strange inversion being due to the fact that probationers are admitted to CJumunion before baptism. The rebaptism of Roman Catholic proselytes IS practised by all but ourselves.

1905J RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS

negations that I have met with have been chiefly those of the Roman Catholic Church. Indeed, I believe that one reason why she has not had larger secessions from her ranks than she has suffered is because her representatives have been so skilled in painting the horrors of Protestantism.

Of the nearly seven million Christian natives, perhaps one-half are more or less actively connected with the Roman Catholic Church. "La Iglesia Filipina Independiente" claims to have four million adherents; it probably has at this date, as nearly as I can judge, in the neighborhood of three million, a large minority of whom form a fringe easily detachable under Roman pressure. I have every reason to suppose that a fair proportion of the Roman Catholics are devout, simple, and, according to current moral standards, good. They love to go to church, especially the women folk, some of whom are always to be seen at early dawn waiting for the doors to be opened for daily mass. A festal procession, with its solemn music, floating banners, myriad candles, and hundreds of participants, is an impressive ceremony, conveying to the bystander a sense of the refinements of religion. Home, or, as we would say, family prayers, the recitation of the story of the Passion in the vernacular, the singing of hymns and litanies, are visible evidences of piety which every one who has gone about among the people is familiar with, especially during the Lenten season. Before the Bible societies-both the American and British have branches in Manila-began their valuable work, the natives were not wholly without Holy Writ in the vulgar tongue. One night I was reading in halting fashion the story of the Crucifixion in Ilocano to a Filipino household, and freq,uently I was anticipated and corrected by my hearers, who had been taught by the padres before the coming of the Protestants.

The parishes are served, except in a few centers, by Filipino priests, many of whom I have met, some of them being worthy of respect as pastors, tho the best are incompetent and ignorant according to our mode of reckoning. But there is something inspiring in an unbroken community of simple-minded Christians under the guidance of a faithful priest. The excrescences of Spanish-Latin faith and practise may jar on one's religioUj sensibilities; but given that the great foundation truths of the Faith are held by the Church, souls seeking for the light will find God and rejoice in Him, however much superstitions, obscurantism, and vagaries seem to block the way. Even in the midst of seething idolatry there can be seven thousand untainted and faithful.

But there is another aspect of Christian life in the Philippines less pleasing to contemplate. No one but a blind partisan seriously denies any longer the grave moral laxity that has grown up and still lives under the shadow of church and convento (parsonage) in the Philippines. Inch by inch I have been forced back by the pressure of facts from the position I originally held thltt there was a minimum rather than a maximum of immorality. The cumulative testimony that has come to me has been chiefly incidental and unsought, containing in it the witness of Roman Catholics in good standing. When the new hierarchy with American honesty sets to work seriously to discern the whole state of the case, I can imagine from my small experience that they will have an unsavory and anxious task.

It is considered to be no special discredit to either party conceruedcertainly not to the man-if a temporary contract is entered upon between a man and a woman, to be terminated when expedient. A man

may, according to this mal cosiumbre, have even more than one querida without transgressing propriety, tho a woman must abide faithful, as long as the contract is in effect. to the one. It is unfair to jump to the conclusion that such a lamentable practise has grown up because the country has been under Roman Catholic rule. The question, however, may be justly asked whether Latin-Christianity has honestly grappled with it. The answer is found in a fact. Many-I use a conservative word-many Filipino priests have a personal lot and share in the cosiumbre under discussion, either in its less or its more revolting form. Their grown-up children bear witness to the long continuance of the custom. I know one old priest who openly lives with his wife-for that is what she really is-and family in the town where he has served, if my memory is accurate, for more than a quarter of a century. I have no reason to suppose that his ministrations are not acceptable to his flockand yet the common folk believe that a lawfully wedded priest would, ipso facto, be incapacitated for the priestly office! How much of this enormity was indulged in by the friars themselves I do not know. But as one of them whose character was sans reproche said to an army chaplain: "Believe that there were some good friars."

No doubt the Church has, in the past, spasmodically struggled with this besetting sin of the Filipino. But in spite of everything, by degrees its filthy stream trickled into the sanctuary, and apathetieac quiescence in a seemingly hopeless situation ensued. A council for the reorganization of the Church as far as possible along American lines has been summoned by the archbishop, and an effort is being made to secure the aid of American priests, thus far without much success. I believe that the American arhbishop and bishops in the Philippines, nearly all of whom I have met, are the type of men who would be as shocked as you or I at what they see. It is, beyond peradventure, their desire to mend matters. I am sure they will try, but their hands are tied by the ordinance of a council of 1059, which, in the long run and broadly speaking, has been a failure. What the Philippine hierarchy should be free to do, according to the principles of justice and honor, is to relax the rule of a celibate clergy locally, to pronounce the Church's blessing. on every priest who has been and is faithful to one woman, and to excommunicate can amore those who have various querida.~. The question is not one of doctrine, but of common morals, which strikes at the root of society. and in which every citizen is concerned.

Again, it is all too common to find the parish priesj, an accomplished gamester. The stagnation of tropical life, the absence of other amusements than the baiZe and a mild game of ball played by the men, make the prevailing excitement a powerful temptation to the least viciously inclined.

If I do not spend much time in discussing Filipino superstitions, it is because all the problems in sight can not be considered to advantage in a bunch. The people are credulous to an incredible degree. Truly, the Roman Catholic authorities have a large task before them if they are to reduce credulity to normal proportions. The Church's endorsement of the fable of Antipolo creates, or at any rate heightens, the temper that finds ultimate expression in the miraculous spring, with its recrudescence of cholera, and the coarse blasphemy of the" Black Christ." Such are some of the moral questions which are the personal concern of everyone who has any responsibility in the Philippine Islands, but over which the

RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS

Roman Catholic Church has commanding influence if she rouses herself to exert it. Those who hold the reins of authority are American born and trained, so that we have a right to expect vigorous and reasonably effective action.

IV. La Igleaia Filipina Independiente. Revista CatoJica I have already referred to the three million or so who have seceded from Rome and organized the Independent Filipino Church under the leadership of Gregorio Aglipay, who is styled" Obispo Maximo," or chief bishop of the movement. He is an IIocano, forty-four years of age, who entered the Roman priesthood in 1889. He first came into prominence early in 1898, when, as he claims, at the instigation of the Spanish governor-general and Archbishop Nozaleda, he went to the Filipino insurgents, who were cooperating with our troops, with instructions to promise them independence in the name of Spain if they would break away from their American allegiance. After a short trial he became convinced that he was on a hopeless errand, and at the request of the Bishop of Nueva Segovia, who was a prisoner, assumed the position of administrator of his diocese, which appointment was confirmed later on by the archbishop, who gave him still further responsibilities with the promise of ecclesiastical reward.

Upon the outbreak of hostilities between the Filipinos and Americans, in 1899, Sr. Aglipay naturally took his stand with his own countrymen, tho he continued his work of religious organization in the provinces, where at that tillle there was no fighting. Four months later he was put under the sentence of major excommunication by the ecclesiastical authority for "assuming exalted ecclesiastical powers," and other violations of canonical rules. Later on he took up arms against the American forces. After two or three years of campaigning he surrendered and took the oath of allegiance to the United States. Since then he has been occupied in the organization of the Independent Church. Deeming that the stress of circumstances would make consecration by the presbyterate valid, tho irregular, he became Obispo Maximo in the fall of 1902, and since then othel' bishops have been added to the ranks under similar auspices until they number twenty in all. Large numbers of priests have seceded from the papal allegiance, carrying with them their entire congregations in many instances. IIocos Norte went over bodily, one priest only standing firm, In addition to those in Roman orders the Independent Church has ordained two hundred. . There are seminaries of theology in Manila and Dagupan. Sr. Aglfpay claims that the church buildings and con')entoB are the property of the people whose toil and money erected them, and the Independent Ohurch is in actual possession of a large number. I have gone through the legal plea prepared in defense of the claim, and while there is, no doubt, some equity iu it, I think that eventually the property wiII be awarded to the Roman Ohurch by the courts.

The government of the Independent Ohurch " rests upon the purest Ohristian democracy set forth in those divine words of Jesus Christ contained in Matt. xxiii:8, 11." While all men are consiered equal in the common Ohristian brotherhood, leaders are to be chosen by the Church, God-fearing men of moral worth, to whom will be committed the care of the flock. But the one Master and Guide, the source of all authority, is Christ.

The Independent Church is .. Catholic-that is, universal." Its official name was chooon as descriptive of this group of freemen, who within the aforesaid universality admit the slavery of no one. The Obispo Maximo is the" Supreme Spiritual Hierarch of this Church, with all the anthority and prerogatives which attach to an apostle of so high a hierarchy. and at the same time he is the most devoted servant of all." He will work in sympathy with the Supreme Council of the Church. His term of office is four years, with right of reelection.

The Supreme Council is "composed of bishops and the most prominent presbyters," which in conjunction with the Obispo Maximo will define" the doctrines, ritual and other important subjects of the Church."

A bishop's duties are the traditional ones of the Catholic Church, as are those of the parish priest. At present priests have no authority to enter the married state, but I have reason to belie'e that the Obispo Maximo and his fellows would be glad to issue a decree releasing the Independent Church from the Roman discipline of celibacy, were it not that the mass of natives are not yet in a state to receive it with equanimity.

The moral law is gravely laid down as the basis of all religion; natural laws are pronounced to be divine, and the teachings of science are to be heeded; in matters of faith they "follow the Romans in everything reasonable," advising also the study of other religions in order that the highest and best doctrines may be learned and adopted; rejecting deification, they commend "veneration" of the saints; the Bible is to be accepted and read as t,he book of God; the vernacular is the proper language for public worship not less than for preaching.

I will conclude with a few comments and deductions: 1. The Independent Church has exhibited greater cohesion than most observers, myself among the number, expected. Of course the movement is, like the Reformation of the sixteenth century in England, politicoreligious in character, and many of the seceders have no quarrel with Roman doctrine-we must remember that their ignorance is dense-but are making protest against the ecclesiastical oppression in the past for which Rome is responsible, and which penetrated to the inmost recesses of civil life. 2. Every revolutionary movement inevitably sweeps into its ranks the malcontents of the country. The Independent Church is no exception. 3. The clergy of the Independent Church, so far as they are drawn from the Romanists, are probably in practical life about the same in character as their former fellows in the ministry. Those who have been ordained since the organization of the Independent Church by the socalled bishops have not had time for much training. 4. The official platform of the movement indicates, in the main, a sane view of ecclesiastical polity, Catholic doctrine, and moral living. Under proper leadership a Church that was true to the principles enunciated therein would not be far from the Kingdom of God. This, then, is the picture of religious conditions in the Philippine Islands to-day as I see them. The complexity, the confusion, the difficulty of it all, are sometimes hard to face honestly. And the temptation to get relief from the pain of perplexity by accepting some mechanical solution is constant. But God has His way, which is always and everywhere the best way. It is for the Church to ascertain it.

GOOD ~IETHODS FOR MISSION BANDS

GOOD METHODS FOR MISSION BANDS * BY MRS. CHAUNCEY J. HAWKINS, SPENCER, MASSACHUSETTS I. Our first year was spent in taking imaginary trips to home mission fields. In imagination we chatted with the workers, peeped into their schoolhouses and homes, took snap shots from car-windows, and in every way sought to make our trips a basis for further interesting study. We used hectographed programs and suggestive titles.

II. Biographies of home missionaries are now proving most attractive study. Our young women are taught to give these sketches, • not read them. This is a great gain, as the attention of the audience is held better; then the development of the young women (varying in age from thirteen to over thirty) has been very noticeable. After the story of a life is related, six questions are asked and answered. These are then copied into a note-book kept for the purpose, and at the close of the year we are to hold a contest, spelling-match style, one asking the questions, the others, drawn up on two sides, answering. The side that wins will be the one able to answer the most questions satisfactorily.

III. One of our most interesting meetings took the form of a debate. Subject: "Resolved, that the education of the negro should be confined to the elementary branches and manual training." At the close, all club members joined in a general discussion of the subject. Our next debate has for its subject: "Resolved, that the Chinese should not be excluded from the United States."

Results: The debates lead to clever thinking on important subjects, to more intelligent expression, and to more extended reading.

IV. Illustrations. We cut pictures on all phases of missionary work, mount and circulate freely at our meetings. Weare now collecting pictures of home missionary workers and mounting them on gray cardboard, one picture to a mount, unless it happens that the picture contains two workers-a man and his wife; we then punch a hole through the cardboard, tie a ribbon through it, and give to some member of the club to wear as her missionary. She is to find out all she can about the one she is to call hers, and keep the other members of the club informed of that worker, and of the good he or she is accomplishing.

Results: A deeper interest in the various workers with whom we are being brought into closer personal relations, and a better understanding of their needs, longings, and sacrifices.

V. Social Side. We believe this side of the life must also be' cultivated in connection with missioh study work. We do not, however, serve refreshments at our regular Monday evening meetings. Our young women are interested, and do not need this inducement to get them out. One evening last year, however, when stUdying about a tropical climate and its people, we served a few light refreshments that would be found in that country; we made artificial grapes out of tissue-paper and tied an interesting missionary fact or story to each grape; these were read at the close of the meeting. We have also served lettuce salad, calling it "Missionary Salad," in the same way, by crumpling green tissue-paper, cut to resemble lettuce leaves, lightly between the fingers, then pasting on the base of each leaf some fact or short story to be read. All the leaves are placed in a saIEtd-bowl and passed to the guests, each taking one leaf.

• Condensed from The Home Missionary. See also p. 44.

EDITORIALS The .. Missionary Review" and the sionaries, and its sacred capital has Bureau of Missions never been penetrated, except by An alliance has now been effected strategy, being sedulously guarded between the editorial staff of this against all foreign intrusion. Very REVIEW and the Bureau of Mis- few people understand the sacred- sions, whereby we expect that the ness of this shrine. It is the very fortress of Buddhism, and has been I. value and effectiveness of the RE- as carefully guarded by the Bud- VIEW will be greatly increased. This Bureau is described and its dhists as has Mecca by the Moham- plan and purpose set forth on page medans. There the Great Lama is 47. Its representatives indude 15 enshrined and adored, and there denominations and its leaders are has been a superstition among the missionary experts. It is incorpo- Buddhists that the invasion of rated, and is approved by the vari- Lhasa would be the signal for the ous missionary organizations of downfall of Buddhism itself; hence the United States and Canada, and the sedulous care and vigilance with is in correspondence with societies which this city has been kept from foreign intrusion. We can not but the world over. It has been felt by the Editors of hope that, whatever may be the this REVIEW that those whose aims merits of the British invasion, it are so singularly correspondent may redound to the glory of God, with our own might profitably and may be the means of introduc- be joined with us in cooperation, ing into the heart of Tibet the Gos- thus making these pages their pel of Jesus Christ. At present it is questioned as to channels of expression and of con- tact with the public. And, after whether the treaty which was ob- repeated and harmonious monthly tained by the British will be effec- conferences, the terms of such tual or permanen t, as the Grand temporary union have been ag~eed Lama himself has never attached upon, and the leading representa- his signature 10 the document, and tives of this Bureau, Rev. Dr. the Russians and Germans oppose Henry Otis Dwight, the secretary, it at the Chinese capital. But ,the Rev. William J. Haven, D.D., and sacred city has been entered, and Rev. H. Allen Tupper, Jr., become the backbone of exclusion has been consulting editors, and will con- broken. May God use this entrance tribute to the contents and conduct by force of arms for the entrance of this REVIEW.- Thus we shall be of the Gospel with more peaceful more fully equipped for promoting weapons.

the cause of a world's evangeliza- A Wonderful Revival in Wales tion. We invoke on this new step the blessing of the God of mis- For ten years prayer circles have sions. been multiplying in all parts of the The Entering of Tibet Christian world, and multitudes of saints have been interceding with The entrance to Lhasa, the sacred God for the latter rain of the SpirH city of Tibet, by the English troops in all lands. Just now the encour- under Colonel Younghusband, agements to such concerted praJ'er should be noticed for its possible multiply rapidly. Rev. R. A. Tor- bearing upon Christian missions. rey attributes all his marvelous Tibet has long excluded all mis- success in evangelistic missions,

EDITORIALS

which follows him everywhere, to tions east and west, it will be seen this counsel of prayer, especially at that commerce is likely to open up his church in Chicago where every the entire southern portion of this Saturday there is a continuous Western hemisphere, both to civilmeeting from 3 P.M. until 10 P.M., ization and to Ohristian missions, and som~imes even later, with one and that South America will no hour, froin 5 to 6, for simple refresh- longer be tb.e "neglected contiments. nent." We are planning to have an article on "Panama and Mis- At the time of writing a private sions" in an early number of thlil correspondent in Britain writes: Have you heard of the wORderful REVIEW. revival which has begun in Wales? The Work of the Salvation Army Most wonderful scenes are witnessed in the mines and factories-men The Second International Oon-. falling down convicted of ,in, while gress of the Salvation Army, held in London in 1904, was signalized others work crying out to God to by the gathering together of represave them, prayer-meetings being sentatives of forty nationalities. King Edward's private audience to held all times of day and night. General Booth affords occasion for One large employer of labor says he endorsing heartily the main pur- poses of the Salvation Army, and is losing twenty pounds .sterling a expressing a prayerful wish that its day by his people dropping their future may see a success even more tools and engaging in prayer! At marked than that of the past. It is given to few men to be spared to our great universities a great see such fruits of fort!! years of un- work is going on. I heard yesterday that five groups of prayermeetings are being held daily in Oxford, and one united big prayer- meeting once weekly. Bible readings also in many of the colleges, and the men are going out in the street preaching Christ.

Surely such things must stimu- remitting toil as is the privilege of late believing prayer. General Booth. No mean triumph is it to be able to report that the Panama Canal and Missions Army is preaching the Gospel in thirty-one languages in forty-nine The opening of the Panama different lands. There are thirty Canal, which promises to be ac- thousand officers engaged in this complished within a few years, work; nearly a million and a half may have a very marked effect upon of meetings are held weekly, and the commerce and the missions of eleven thousand drink.shops are the world. South America has been visited in the same brief time, while comparatively an unknown land a million and a quarter copies of the to most of us, but when the canal Army organs are disposed of every becomes the highway of com- week. .

merce for the world great changes As a distinctly religious organi- must be wrought, both in the po- zation the Salvation Army has not, litical and religions conditions of perhaps, proved the success its close the countries bordering upon the and unique organization would Isthmus. No great changes of this seem to warrant. But whatever kind take place in the world's gen- difference of opinion may exist in eral history without an effect, this matter, there can be no two more or less direct, upon the cause opinions as to the success and value of Christ, but when we put with of the social work undertaken by this the probability of a transcon- these con8ecrated men and women.

tinental railway from the northern Its philanthropic work is not only shores to Cape Horn with cross-sec- excellent in every particular, but

absolutely staggering in its success. One of the two was Teisko J okki, The Church has a very great deal to learn from the Army in this mat- the other Tchomi J okoka, colonel ter. Its service to the poor and distressed has had no equal since of the staff, from the military acadapostolic days. emy of Tokio. When he was asked The social work of the Army deserv~s the moral and financial sup- his religion, the colonel boldly conport of all intelligent people. No fessed Christ, and declared that he other Christian organization has so unreservedly set itself to deal with had been converted when a boy. the problem of the poor as the Salvation Army. Were this all-it is He was able to speak in English, not-the Army and its intrepid and was translated by a British founder have merited a place in the front rank of those who have subject employed in the Russoblessed the world. Chinese Bank. Just before the The Outlook for the Roman Church execution Colonel Jokoka took a There is manifestly a changed attitude in papal lands toward the bundle of Chinese notes from his Papal Church. This has been increasingly true for at least a quar- person, representing about a thouter of a century, but there is an in- sand roubles, and handed over this crease in popular uprising against papal domination. Spain has long money to the commandant, to be since broken with the pope, applied to the Russian Red Cross France of late still more violently, work among the Russian wounded! and Italy is no longer in the bond- This brought remonstrance, even age that existed before Victor Emmanuel's day. This is true in a from the Russians themselves, who measure with Austria and papal Germany, but still more in the suggested that the money be aplands in the Western hemisphere which have been nominally papal. plied to the Japanese Red Cross The power of the papacy has long since been broken in many repub- work or tp.e families of the spies. lics of South America, and it would seem as tho the practical downfall But Jokoka remained inflexible in of this Church were imminent in many lands formerly under its his purpose that the money should pmyer. be applied to the relief of the Rus- A Japanese Soldier's Christlike Deed sian wounded. He then asked to A Russian naval officer, who was see a chaplain, 'who, at his request, present at the execution of two Japanese spies who were caught by read the Sermon on the Mount. the Russians when about to wreck a railway bridge, tells a pathetic When the priest reached the story of the scene at the trial. The words, .. If ye love only those who accused acknowledged their respon- love you, what reward will ye haye; sibility, and accepted their doom and if ye welcome only brothers, without fear or tremor of voice. wherein lieth the virtue?" J okoka closed his Testament, joined his hands, and received the fatal bul- lets in his breast.

Surely it was worth while to teach the Japanese to know Christ I The Oriental Mission Journal The Oriental Mission Book Con- cern, of 420 Park Street, Boston, has decided to discontinue the pub- lication of their Mi8sion Journal, and have made an arrangement with us whereby all its subscribers will receive copies of the MISSION- ARY REVIEW in place of the copies of the Journal still due on their subscriptions.

Donations Acknowledged No. 301. South Africa General Mission $5.00 No. 302. Industrial Evangelical Missiou, India. . . . . . , , , , " 10,00 No.303. Industrial Evangelical Mission, India. . , , , , . . . , " 4,00 No. 304. Hardwicke School, India. . . 15.00

BOOKS FOR THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY

BOOKS FOR THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY THE NEW ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MISSIONS. Descrip- rangement of topics. In this par- tive, Historical, Biographical, Statistical. ticular it is greatly inferior to the 2d edition Edited, under the auspices of first edition. the Bureau of Missions, by Henry Otis Dwight, LL.D., Rev. H Allen Tupper, Jr., (3) Its scope is exceedingly broad, D.D., and Rev. Edwin Munsell Bliss, D D. if one looks beyond the alphabet- xiii-851 pp. $6. Funk & WagnaJJs Co., ical titles to the varied contents of New York. 1904. the leading articles. A fortnight's use and examination of the new en- For fourteen years the first edi- cyclopedia only increases the re- tion of this work has been the best viewer's satisfaction with the labors encyclopedia in any language. The of the broad-minded editors. He present volume is so altered by ex- has discovered very little absent cisions, abridgment, additions, and which the friend of – missions is revision as to be practically a new likely to want-with the exception work. In its present form it not of the details of the lives of living only excels the first edition, but it workers-that can not be found is still facile princeps among mis- here, tho often it is buried beyond sionary volumes of general refer- the reach of the ordinary reader ence. because of the already mentioned lack of an Index or abundant cross- The intrinsic excellence of the references. new edition can only be realized after constant use. Such use will (4) Proportion and perspective are prove that it satisfies, to an unusual matters affected by the personal degree, the severe criteria which equation. For the average friend apply not only to it, but to other of missions the editors have quite encyclopedic works as well. truly sensed the need, tho per- haps they will be criticized be- (1) Durability. The constant hand- cause they have granted space to so ling of a one-volume reference many unimportant mission stawork, especially if it is heavy and tions and have omitted otherslarge, calls for binding, sewing, such as Duncan's Metlakahtlaback, etc., of unusual strength. altogether. We sometimas wish Like the two volumes of the first that more space had been given to edition, this one could be greatly the biography and the characterimproved upon in these respects. istics and life of non-Christian peoples. (2) A second criterion, that of convenience, is met more satisfac- (5) When one considers the length torily than in most brief encyclo- of time required to prepare such a pedias. Its single volume, printed work, and the further fact that in clear and sufficiently large type, missionary information requires a at first sight seems to meet all the long time to (orne from distant demands of convenience, if one ex- fields and be put into print, the cepts its inconvenient weight, 6 work is remarkably up to date. A pounds. Further examination and possible exception is found in ceruse will, however, disclose a most tain long articles on mission fields, serious weakness. All self-evident which might better have been headings are easily referred to, but more largely rewritten. fully one-fourth of its valuable material can not be found by the aver- (6) Clearness characterizes most age reader because of its meager of the work, tho typographical use of cross-references and its en- aids in this direction differ greatly tire lack of an Index to show where in the various articles, showing information may be found as to men and events not having a specific place in the alphabetical ar-

that the editors followed no defi- Part II., "The Work to be nite principles of arrangement. Done," which also occupies about a Maps and illustrations, which add quarter of the book, is somewhat of so much to clearness, are wholly the same general nature. . lacking. The reason for the omis- sion of the former is perhaps suffi- Part III., "The Work Done," a ciently explained in the second historical survey of missions, is the Preface. While profuse illustration section of the book least satisfac- was doubtless impracticable, a few tory to Americans. Its statistics are pictures could have been used to in general five years old, and quite great advantage. incomplete so far as American missions are concerned. The same (7) Accuracy, the most important is true of its valuable list of promicriterion of any encyclopedia, can nent native Christians. But the be claimed for this work to an un- chapter on Greek and Roman misusual degree. German missionary sionary enterprises is of great critics will delight to point out er- value to any who wish quick acrors, and every student of missions cess to the facts. will find occasional mistakes. When one recalls, however, what a terra As a reference book for mission incognita mission lands are, and study libraries in America it will the vast range of topics included in be found very valuable. An Apthis volume, we can not but wonder pendix contains a good list of books that errors have been reduced to so on missions, a Chronology of Missmall a minimqm. In spite of sions, and there is a good Index. these spots on the snn, the new encyclopedia will give light to the THE STORY OF THE LMS. By C. Silvester whole world. Horne. New edition, completing the 20th thousand. With an Appendix, bringing A SHORT HANDBOOK OF JllrssIONs. By Eu- the story up to the year 1904. 460 pp. gene Stock. 214 pp. 60 cents. Long- Illustrated. London Missionary Society, mans, Green & Co., London, New York, London. 1904. and Bombay. 1904. To tell the history of the growth Any book on missions by Mr. of a great missionary society, from Eugene Stock, of the Church Mis- its germ in the thought of I a few sionary Society, must command at- God-fearing men through one huntention. Nor is this little manual dred years of world-wide achievea disappointment, tho it is intend- ment, is a strenuous task. To comed for British, and especially for press that history into the compass Anglican, readers. of a little volume that can be put into the pocket, and at the same Part I., "The Work," embracing time give it the attraction of a 11 quarter of the book, is the fruit story, is a work of genius. This is of years of clear, sane thought on what Mr. Horne has done for the missionary topics that concern all history of the London Missionary who are interested in missions. It Society. It is the story of a hunis packed with suggestions on the dred years of thrillingly daring object, motive, need, methods of faith and of amazing justifications missions, their administration and of that faith in the changes prosupport, and the qualifications of duced by the Gospel in Polynesia, missionaries. It treats admirably in China, in India, and in Africa. that vexed question, the relation of The "Story of the LMS" should missions to governments. Its sur- have wide reading, not merely for vey of the world's races, languages, its intrinsic charm or its abundant religions, is surprisingly compact information, but as a stimulus to a and informing. more fruitful faith, "for ye know

that your labor is not in vain in China, finally emerging in Burma.

the Lord." He traveled Chinese fashion, and FETICHISM IN WEST AFRICA. By Robert H. had innumerable experiences which Nassau, M.D. Illustrated. 8vo, 389 pp. he describes with a vividness and $1.50. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, wit and humor which hold the un- flagging attention of the reader. 19~. Mr. Geil, unlike many globe-trot- ters, had eyes to see and ears to A study of the native customs, hear. He did not take his ideas of religious ideas, and superstitions is missionaries from dissipated foralways interesting and usually in- eigners, but in each place he visited forming, but when this is the result the missionaries himself and exof careful observation by one who amined their work. He has only has lived and labored forty years words of high appreciation of their among the people described, then character and devotion and their we have somethin!! worthy of our wisdom. The book gives a wealth serious attention. Dr. Nassau is a of information-most of it correct scholar and a saint, and knows the -regarding parts of China that are people of the Gabun district of . not well known and that have been West Africa probably better than seldom visited. It is admirably any other Westerner. He first de- printed and illustrated. scribes the sociology of the native African society, its family relationships, class distinctions, fetish doc- tors, etc. Then he proceeds to deal THII LAND OF SINJM. An Illustrated Report _ more distinctly with the religious of the China Inland Mission, 1904. Lonideas and practises, and their effect don, Toronto, Philadelphia, Melbourne. 1904.

on the native character and life. One of the most attractive exam- Truly it is a dark picture of sin and ples of the modern form of missionmisery that is disclosed by this up- ary report is this "Land of lifted veil. A man and, much Sinim." The facts are well chosen, more, a woman, can not read these well grouped,and well told, and a pages without thanking God that decided literary quality pervades he or she was not porn in an Afri- the whole book. The pictures, can hut. Dr. Nassau does not speak most of them taken by missionaof what Christian missionaries are ries of the society, are artistic, well doing to enlighten these dark minds printed, and effective. The statisand cleanse this cesspool, but his tics are those naturally desired by pen pictures prove without argu- all interested in the evangelization ment that the Africans need the of China. Gospel of Jesus Christ, and are groping blindly in the dark for life JAPAN TO-DAY. By James A. B. Scherer. and liberty and peace. The book is Illustrated. 12mo, 323 pp. $1.50, net. extremely valuable for missionary J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia. 1904. libraries, and is withal .intensely interesting. Japan is the fashion now. The successes of the little Jap against A YANKEE ON THE YANGTZE. By W. E. Geil. the burly Russian have opened our Illustrated. 8vo. $1.50, net. A. C. Arm- eyes to his strength. The choice strong & Sop, New York. 1904. of Japan as the subjpct for mission study by the Women's United One of the most fascinating of Study Committee and the Young recent books of travel is this vol- People's Missionary Movement has ume, by one who proves himself to made prominent in thousands of be an ideal traveler. He made a homes the work of the missionaries, long journey from Shanghai up the and the flood of books and articles Yangtze, and then through the re- on the country and people has mote regions of the far interior of well-nigh overwhelmed us. But

there is room for Dr. Scherer's book. of a changed destiny for whole dis- It is exceptionally ent,ertaining tricts. Such work is of national and well written. Information is import. The rather unpolished given with plenty of spice and style of the book unconsciously resugar – information about the veals the single manly purw>se of a transformation of the "hermi't" tireless worker whom one would be into "hero," the educational and glad to meet. military progress, the manners and morals, " Views A wheel," homelife NEW BOOKS and festivals, the "awful language," Buddhist sermons, demoni- THE PASTOR AND MODERN MISSIONS. By J. R. acal possession, the aborigines, and Matt. 12mo. 249 pp. $1.00. Student missions, especially Verbeck, "an Volunteer Movement, New York. opener of the gates." It is one of the best of recent books, and gives HISTORY OF THE BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIBLE valuable side-lights for mission study classes. It is a pleasure to SOCIl!:TY. By W. Canton, 4 vols. Each, read and recommend it. 158., net. John Murray, London. 1904 STORY OF THE BIBLE SOCIETY. By W. Canton. M,SSIONARY PIONEERING IN BOLIVIA. With Illnstrated. 362 pp. 6s. John MUl'Tay, Some Account of Work in Arl'entina. By London, E. P. Dutton, New York. 1904. Will Payne and Charles T. WIlson. 148 pp. LITTLE HANDS AND GOD'S BOOK. (B and F. With 58 illustrations and a map. H. A. B. S. Centenary Volume.) By W. Canton. Raymond, London. 1904 (no date given). 8vo. Illustrated. 123 pp, British and Foreign Bible Society, London. 1904. Two missionaries of " the Breth- KING LEOPOLD'S RULE IN AFRICA. By E. D. ren" seek to give here some idea of Morel. 8vo. Map. JIlustrated. 466 pp. several tours which they made in $3.75. Funk & Wagnalls Co. 1904. South America between 1895 and TAMATE. The Story of James Chalmers for 1902. They lay much emphasis on Boys. By Richard Lovett. 12mo, 320 pp. personal mishaps, and are inex- JIIustrated. 3s. 6d. Religious Tract Soperienced in writing books. Never- ciety, London. $1.25, net. Revell. 1904. theless, when they come in contact INDIA. By Colonel Sir Thomas H. Holdich. with the Quechua Indians their 8vo. Map. $2.50. D. Appleton & Co. rather disconnected notes include 1904. useful matter. RAYMUND LULL. A Study in Medireval Mis- sions. By W. F. A. Barber. Charles SABBATH-SCHOOL MISSIONS IN WISCONSIN. By Kelley, Cambridge. 1904. Joseph Brown, Synodical Missionary for NEW FORCES IN OLD CHINA. By A. J. Brown. Wisconsin. With U1ustration.. 163 pp Illustrated. 12mo. $1.50, net. Revell. Presbyterian Board of Publication and 1904. Sabath-school Work, Philadelphia. 1904. My CHINESE NOTE BOOK. By Lady Susan Townley. JIIustrated. 8vo. $3.00, net. This is the uncolored, severely E. P. Dutton & Co., New York. 1904. simple story of a Presbyterian LETTERS FRCM A CHINESE OFFICIAL. 16mo. minister's labors during fifteen .5Oc., net. McClure, Phillips & Co. 1903. year.s in the northern part of the THE AWAKENI"G OF JAPAN. By Okakura State, with the one purpose of find- KAKUZO. 16mo, 225 pp. $1.20, Century ing out where religious observances Co. 1904. are neglected, and of leading the LIFE AND WORK OF REV. E. J. PECK AMONG people to begin them. Extracts THE ESQUIMO. By Rev. Arthur Lewis. from the diary of a hard and busy Illustrated. 12mo. $1.75. A. C. Armlife show the nature of the work, strong &; Co. 1904. how it is begun where perhaps HEROES OF THE CROSS IN AMERICA. By Don, saloon and dance-hall are Il,lready O. Shelton. 12mo, 50c. Young Peoples' established, how it gains influence, Missionary Movement, New York. 1904. and how it results in organized THE NEGRO. By Thomas Nelson Page. 12mo. churches, with all that this means $1.25, net. Scribner's Sons. 1904. THE PROSPECTOR. By Ralph Connor. 12mo. 401 pp. $1.50. Fleming H. Revell Co. 1904. OUR WEST INDIAN NEIGHBORS. By F. A. Ober. Illustrated. 12mo, 432pp. $1.50. ,James Pott, New York, 1904. SOUTH AMERICAN REPUBLICS. By T. C. Daw- son. 8vo, 513 pp. G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1904. CHRISTMAS TIME IN MANY A OLIME, By Pre- bendary H. E. Fox. 12mo 127 pp. Is. ad. Church Missionary Society, London. 1904.

1905J GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE G

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE AMERICA the Advisory Committee. This so- ciety is formed to foster the mis- Concerning The figures which sionary spirit in Harvard, and to give moral and financial support to the Statistical for several years graduates in foreign fields.

Table have appeared in Associated with the President on the committee are: James A. Still- the January issue man, of New York; Francis Rawle, of Philadelphia, President of the of the REVIEW are the product of American Bar Association; the Rev. Floyd W. Tompkins, of Philaalmost constant search during the delphia; Bishop Lawrence, of Mas- sachusetts; I. Tucker Burr, of Bosmonths preceding. Blanks are sent ton; Bishop Logan H. Roots, of Hankow, China, and G. E. Hugout to be filled at the various mis- gins, Graduate Manager of Harv~rd Christian Association. sionary headquarters, and thus of- Mr. Carter is a graduate of Harficial returns are secured. Access vard, and was there secretary of the college Y. M. C. A. He is one is also had to scores and scores of an- of twelve secretaries sent to foreign fields under the aURpices of the Innual reports; to scores and scores ternational Y. M. C. A.

of missionary magazines, and of The Coming The World's Con- Jubilee of the ference of the religious weeklies. All these sources World's Young Men's Chrisare care~ully scrutinized, with a Y.M.C.A. tian Associations is view to making divers necessary to be held in Paris, France, April 26th-30th, on the ocinterpretations, adjustments, and casion of the fiftieth anniversary of the first World's Conference. It is modifications. It is only to econo- expected that delegations from twenty-five to thirty nations will mize space that the names of a be present, each of which will rep- resent a national organization, large number of the smaller socie- these having become particularly strong and well organized in India, ties do not appear, tho the facts China, Japan, South Africa, and Australia, as well as in the older concerning them are contained in countries. It was at the first Paris conference in 1855 the platform was the various summaries. adopted, which has proved to be the broad basis upon which the The Week The following list Wodd's Y. M. C. A. movement has of Prayer of topics for the been developed. This action was shaped largely by two Americans, coming Week of George H. Stuart and Abel Stevens, Prayer is suggested by the Evan- who were distinguished association gelical Alliance for the United men of their day. The adherence States: of the associations to the basis January 1, 1905.-Sermons on "The Worldwide Conditions of True Worship," John iv: 23,24.

January 2-" The Kingdom of God on Earth."

January 3.-" The Visible Church of Christ."

January 4.-" All Peoples and Nations." January 5.-" lIIissions-Home and Forejgn." January 6.-" The Family and the School." J~nuary 7.-" Our Own Country." January B.-Sermons on "The Reign of the Prince of Peace. "

The The Harvard Mis- Harvard Mission sion, which is sup- ported by the un- dergraduates and alumni of the uni- versity, and represented in India by Mr. E. C. Carter, of the Interna- tional Y. M. C. A., has secured President Roosevelt as Chairman of

adopted fifty years ago will be the cent. of the remainder to the forimportant issue on which discus- eign work, and 42Yz per cent. ($578,- sion will center. In some countries 500) to the domestic work. of Europe the association has become largely the organization of a The foreign appropriations are, in single church of which the pastor round numbers: Germany, $36,000; is the president, and the association Switzerland, $1,000; Norway, $12,- is merely a class of young men. In 000; Sweden, $15,000; Denmark, a number of the larger cities in $7,000; Finland and St. Petersburg, Europe, such as Berlin, Rome, Paris, $6,823; Bulgaria, $8,426; Italy, $47,- Stuttgart, the associations have 000; South America, $86,000; Mexadopted the type of associations ico, $54,000; Africa, $42,000; China, which prevail in the English-speak- $133,000; Japan, $58,000; Korea, ing nations and the Orient. A large $26,000; India, $158,000; Maylaysia, and representative party will at- including Borneo, $15,000; and tend from America, sailing from Philippines, $17,000, making a total New York about March 18th for of over $731,000. Last year the Naples. Delegates from other coun- appropriation for foreign missions tries will center at Rome, and will was $365,635, and for home mistogether visit Pompeii, Florence, sions $378,134. Such an appropria- Venice, Nice, and other southern tion this year is certainly an act of European cities before going to faith. Paris. New Episcopal The new Board of The Methodist The Genl'ral Mis- Board of Missions which, Appropriations sionary Committee Missions under the canon adopted at Boston, of the Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal takes the place of the old Board of Church held its sessions in Boston, Managers of the Protestant Epis- Mass., November 9 to 15, 1904. copal Church, has elected Bishop This committee is composed of the Doane, Vice-President; the Rev. bishops of the Church, the secretar- Joshua Kimbel', Associate Secreies of the society, representatives tary; Mr. John W. Wood, Correfrom the Board of Managers, and sponding Secretary, and Mr. E. representatives from the fourteen Walter Ruberts, Assistant Treasdistricts into which the Church is urer. Secretary Lloyd and Treasdivided, etc. The appropriations urer Thomas were, under the new for 1905 amount to over one and a canon. elected by the General Conhalf millions. This makes no ac- vention_ The Treasurer reported count of the 'Voman's Board, that since the opening of the books which make appropriations for for the new fiscal year, $30,000 had about three-quart-ers of a million been received, which is nearly twice additional. the amount received from similar. sources at this date last year. After setting aside $75,000 for new property in the foreign field, The Brighter A Census Bureau $45,000 for work in the City Mis- Side of the report rece,ntly pubsions in the United States, $66,000 Negro Question lished gives, among for administration, salaries of missionary bishops, etc., $41,000 for others, these enthe dissemination of intelligence, couraging facts : and certain sums for incidental and contingent expenses, the Nearly 4,000,000 negroes are encommittee appropriates 57Yz per gaged in gainful occupations. These bread-winners constitute about 45 per cent. of the total colored popu- lation as against 37 per cent. of

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

the same class of the total white of poverty that there is in relievpopulation, and of 34 per cent. of ing mere ailments of the body, and the Southern white population. the same process of evolution that Over 746,000 farms, containing 38,- has brought into our hospital ser- vice the trained physician and the 233,000 acres of land. are operated trained nurse increasingly calls for the trained charity worker. by negroes. Of these farms 21 per cent. are owned entirely by negroes, With this end in view, the and an additional 4 per cent. are Charity Organization Society, 7 owned in part by the farmers operating them. In other words, 40 years ago, opened a Summer years after emancipation, 25 per School of Philanthropy. It now cent., or about one-fourth of all the negro farmers, have become land- provides lectures in the forenoons lords. While the number of negro and practical work in the afterfarmers increased in ten years noon. Its graduates receive diploabout 31 per cent., the number of mas, certifying that they are fitted negro owners increased over 57 per for the practical work in charitable cent.

Some With the departure institutions or societies.

Salvation Army of Commander The school is to be affiliated with Figures Booth-Tucker for Columbia University, the United England, and the Charities, the New York Associa- coming of Miss Eva Booth as com- tion for Improving the Condition mander of the Salvation Army of the Poor, the United Hebrew forces in 'America, it is interesting Charities, and the Society of St.

to note the growth of the Salvation Vincent de Paul.

Army in the United States during Missionary The signs are nu- Activity of merous and varied the past eight years: the Southern that the Baptists of the South are more 1896 1904 , Baptists Officers ancl employees……. 2,000 3,734 Corps ancl institutions…….. 620 900 Institutions for the poor…… 30 209 and more bestirring themselves in behalf of the lands Accommodations in same…. 600 10.000 of darkness. As one evidence the Foreign "lIission Journal gives 34 Amount spent for poor relief. $20,000 $800,000 names of men and wo'men who sailed for foreign fields during 1904: Number feci at Christmas, etc. 300,000 18 bound for China, 7 for Brazil. 3 to Mexico, 2 to Argentina (that is. A New School It is announced that 12 to Spanish-American countries), of Philanthropy John S. Kennedy, and 2 each to Africa and Japan.

the well – k now n Christ's Mission The twenty-fifth New York banker, who ten years ago gave the money for the erection of the United Charities Building, has made an endowment to the School of Philanthropy, conducted under the auspices of the Charity Anniversary anniversary of this Organization Society, which will excellent mission bring that institution a permanent annual income of $10,000 or more. to Roman Catholics has just been The gift was made by setting aside celebrated in New York, December securities to the amount of about 4-25. Rev. James A. O'Connor, $250,000. ,Mr. Kennedy says: himself a converted Roman Catho- lic priest, has conducted this work My expectations have been fully most successfully for years, and realized, and with their realization has established the mission at 142 on the side of more efficient work West Twenty-first Street, New has come a demand throughout the York, where over one hundred country at large for trained charity priests have come and have found helpers. There is the same need peace in Christ when wearied of for knowledge and experience in seeking salvation by the intercesrelieving the complex disabilities

sion of saints and the Virgin. The any rural church at home. The church was built by native carpenmission has passed through many ters out of native woods, and its large audience room, capable of trials, but it is God's work and will seating eight or nine hundred peo- ple, was truly rich and beautiful. not come to naught. It is worthy Mr. Duncan is really the father of his people. He stands to them not of the support of Christians. only for the GOSVel, but for the civil law as well. He supervises A Tribute to John Burroughs their business enterprises and com- poses their family quarrels. Metlakahtla writes thus in hif;; Protestant The Presbyterian volume, "In Green Work in Brazil Church in Brazil, Alaska," of his visit to Metlakabtla according to the Rev. E. Van Orden in The Herald with the Harriman Expedition in and Presbyter, has 10,000 native Christian members, and 6 presby- 1899: teries fully organized and sustain- ing boards of home and foreign mis- Sunday, June 4, we spent most sions, church erection, education, of the day visiting Metlakahtla, and publication. Three Presbythe Indian mission settlement on terian churches in Rio Janeiro and Annette Island, where we saw;me Nictheroy, acrossthe bay, support of the best object-lessons to be their own work. The pastor of one found on the coast, showing what of them publishes a weekly religcan be done with the Alaska Indi- ious paper. The Methodist Church ans. Here were a hundred or more has 5,000 members, the Baptists comfortable frame houses, some of about as many, the Episcopal them of two stories, many of them Church has a considerable memberpainted, all of them substantial ship, and a number of other deand in good taste, a large and im- nominations are represented in the posing wooden church, a large Protestant forces of the land. schoolhouse, a town-hall, and extensive canning establishments, all Some Items There are III Brazil owned and occupied by seven or from Brazil 9 Young Men's eight hundred Tlinkit Indians, who, under the wonderful tutelage of Christian Associa- William Duncan, a Scotch mission- tions, with 874 members and 2 paid' ary, had been brought from a low secretaries. state of savagery to a really fair state of industrial civilization. The Fonr years ago there were but 2 town is only twelve years old. and Christian Endeavor Societies; tolarge stumps and logs on the sur- day there are 60 with 2,000 memface between the houses show how recently the land has been cleared. bers. Many of the houses had gardens The following Protestant bodies where were grown potatoes, turnips, onions, strawberries, rasp- are laboring in Southern Brazil, berries, and currants. The people south of the Tropic of Capriwere clad as well and in much the corn: Presbyterians, Episcopalisame way as those of rural villages ans, Methodists, German Baptists in New York and New England. A (New Jersey), Lutherans (Missouri), large number of them were gath- Adventists, Lutherans (German ered upon the wharf when we land- State Church), Independents (Mr. ed, their big rOllnd faces and black and Mrs. Young), and the Y. M. eyes showing only a quiet, respectful curiosity. vVe called upon Mr. C.A. Duncan at his house, and li-stened The persecution of Christia ns to his racy and entertaining conversation. His story was full of still continue in the North of B..ainterest. At eleven o'clock the church bell was ringing, and the people-men, women, and children, all neatly and tastefully cladbegan to assemble for their Sunday devotions. Mr. Duncan preached to his people in their native tongue, a vague, guttural, featureless sort of language, it seemed. The organ music and the singing were quite equal to what one would hear in

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

zil; the last reported being that that none of the Nonconformist churches of England, Scotland, of Bom Jardim, in the State of Per- Ireland, or Wales are doing any missionary work in that country; nambuco. JOHN W. PRICE. 50 to 80 million souls living in the Sudan have but half a dozen mis- EUROPE sion stations and less than 20 mis- sionaries among them. Kordofan, A New Bible The British and a land as large as Turkey in Eu- Society Foreign Bible So- rope; Darfur, as large as France; Wadai, as large as Italy and Ire- Publication ciety with the open- land; Kanem, which equals Hol- ing year begins the land, Belgium, and Denmark; Ba- girmi, which equals Bulgaria; publication of The Bible ,in the Adamawa, a country as large as World, an illustrated monthly. Italy; Bornu, which equals Eng- Besides recording the work of land in area, and Gando, a country the society at home and abroad, as large as both Scotland and Irethe magazine will describe the land, have no missionaries and world-wide progress of the Scrip- never have had. A group of young tures among all the races and men have offered themselves as in all the languages of mankind. pioneers, and 4 mem bel'S of this The Bishop of Durham and the band sailed, July 23, for Northern Rev. Dr. John Watson will have Nigeria.-C. M. S. Intelligencer. special articles in the first number, which will also contain contribu- The Crisis The Moravian Mistions from the Marquis of North- in Moravian sion Board calls ampton, the Earl of Stamford, the attention to the Bishop of London, Priricipal Fair- Missions present crISIS in bairn, Sir George Williams, Mr. William Canton, and other well- their foreign missionary work, and known writers. The first issue wiII consist of 100,000 copies. the deficit of $22,000 for the present year. The board SlllYS: Dr. Bamardo's Near the end of Oc- Child-Emi- tober the last of Dr. What fills us with deep anxiety and renders the present situation grants to Canada Barnfl.rdo's emigra- so critical is, that we can no longer tion parties for the succeed in overtaking the deficits of the previous years. Hitherto year left St. Pancras for Liverpool. our united efforts have been able The party consisted of 93 boys and to clear off each debt in the course girls, bringing the number of insti- of the following year, or at any tutional child emigrants for the rate reduce it to a small figure ere year up to 1,294, and making a the new balance sheet brought a new gl'and total of 16,188 sent out by the deficit. As long as we were able homes since their work of emigra- or nearly able to overtake each detion bega.n. As is clearly brought ficiency in the course of the followout by a recent Canadian official ing year, we were not so straitened. report, the number of failures But the experiences of the latter among these children has been sur- years seem to show that our memprisingly small, over 98 per cent. bers and friends are either no longhaving had successful careers be- er able or not inclined to do this. yond the seas. These deficiencies result from The Sudan In an announce- unavoidably increased expenditure United Mission ment lately issued all along the line in almost every class of disbursements abroad and of a new mission to at home. The expenses in the misthe Sudan, to be called the Sudan sion fields have increased in the United Mission, it was pointed out as a strange and solemn fact last five years hy about $50,000 and

at home by about $10,000. Over with a network of mission stations against this the income in the mis- in which there are enrolled 26,000 ~ion provinces is now about $25,000 native communicants, and 2,500 more than five years ago, while the pupils in 60 schools. The work of income in the home provinces rises the Rhenish Society in Borneo be- and falls, but does not show any gan as early as 1836, and somewhat essential increase. later in Sumatra. This organiza- tion has sent out to New Guinea The lIoravians have 470 mission- during the last sixteen years 21 aries (including wives) engaged in missionaries, of whom only 7 sur- 15 different mission provinces, with vive. They have a:lso settlemenJ;s 226 main stations and outstations, among the Dutch colonies of the and in addition 287 preaching South Sea Islands, and some of places, having charge of 100,000 these are located in places requir- souls, of whom 52,000 are communi- ing great courage and no end of cants and baptized adults. The patience. The brethren who con- total cost of this work was $475,000 stitute the working force of this old raised as follows: organization-whose headquarters are at Barmen, near Elberfeldt, From the mission fields …………… $199,000 Prussia-are not excelled by any Income of funds at home. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 107,000 body of pioneers in the work of l<'riends in Great Britain and Germany 64,000 evangelization.-Interior. Legacies.. .. .. . . . .. . . .. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . .. 30,000 Direct from Moravians……………. 53,000 Italian Last year we re- Total ………………………… $453,000 Romanists corded the new de- The amount of $53,000 from Mo- Circulating parture of the Ro- ravians is unusually large, since there are not quite 28,000 communi- the Bible man Ohurch in cants in 'he three home provinces. The deficit should be made up by Italy, whereby the those who believe in these brethren and their noble work in Australia, "Pious Society of St. Jerome for Africa, Tibet, America, and else- where. the Dissemination of the Holy Gos- The Rhenish But little is known pels" has been allowed to issue Society 75 in our country of Years Old the Rhenish lIis- from the Vatican Press a cheap sionary Society; little Italian version of the Four nevertheless, it has just held its seventy-fifth anniversary, showing Gospels and the Acts, and to dis- it to be older than most of the American organizations pursuing seminate it far and wide among the the same aims. Its early work in Southwest Africa, begun in 1844, people at the low price of 2d. per was undertak~n in the midst of a country devastated by tribal wars, copy. By the beginning of 1904 we and so disheartening were the ob- stacles presented before these ser- learn that as many as 320,000 copies vants of Christ that the station was about to be given up, when the re- of this book had been already turn of Hugo Hahn, oneof the early pioneers in those regions, put every- printed, and its circulation is being thing on a new basis again. As a result, the German protectorate in vigorously pushed, altho not a few Southwest Africa is now covered priests are still prejudiced against it. The St. Jerome Society has now taken another step forward by publishing St. Matthew's Gospel as a separate Italian portion. Altho for the present the plan of issuing in the same version a complete New Testament seems to have been abandoned, we are assured, on the best authority, that similar ver- sions of the Gospels and Acts are soon to be issued for Roman Catho-

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

lics in other countries, beginning their marks were" distinguished."

with Germany. The opening of the school at the On November 29,1903, Pope Pius capital is most auspicious.-Mis- X. received the leaders of the St. wionary Herald.

Jerome Society, and not only ASIA granted a very special blessing to Long Waiting AnAmericanBoard their work (of which he had already in Turkey missionary writes been a promoter as Patriarch of Rewarded fr 0 m Constanti- Venice), but commended it in the nople of a reward warmest terms: of patience in the land of the Turk: You try to disseminate the book We are all delighted that, after of the Gospel; very well! That twenty-five years of waiting and book is a written sermon, and all praying, the imperial firm an for can profit by it. Many say that the erection of the first native Protthe peasants, being slow of intel- estant church in Pera has been lect, can not derive any benefit issued. So, at last, the First Evanfrom reading the Gospel. That is gelical Church, organized in Confalse; peasants are much sharper stantinople in 1846, is to have a than people think; they read with church home and a sanctuary of pleasure the Gospel narratives, and its own. The site is adjacent to draw their own conclusions from the German embassy chapel; and, them, sometimes much better than thanks largely to our dear, decertain preachers. There are many parted Dr. Hamlin, the Pera devotional books, even for the Church Building Fund, supple·· clergy, but nothing is better than men ted by native gifts, will supply the Gospel, the true book of medi- the means for the erection of the tation, of spiritual reading and ex- church. Besides the church edifice, er·cise. . . . I not only grant to there will be a parsonage on the vou my blessing, but I thank you same lot. Vith their new pastor, all, because you are doing It most Rev. Mr. Schmavonian, and their useful and most holy work.-Bible new house of worship, we shall Society Reporter. hope and pray that a new and happy future, with a great E'xten- Efficient Work Interest in Protes- sion of usefulness, may await the First Evangelical Church of Con- for tant missions in stuntinople and of Turkey.

Spanish Girls Spain has gathered India's Curse A Bengali writer in largely about the and Its Cause The Statesman, in International Institute (A. B. C. F. accounting for the M.) for Girls at Madrid. Its trans- large number of wornell leading ference to Madrid has been accom- disreputable lives in Calcutta, who plished with marked success. The are largely drawn from the" high- large and centrally located site, er caste, " bravely attacks the cause with the building upon it, has been of the evil. He says: put into excellent condition by the Taking Bengal, I find that there are about 4,000 baby-girls in the corporation in this country, and province, under one year, who have already been" married," and now It second commodious building over. 600 baby-girls out of this number, unde7' one lIea1', who have is in process of construction for the become n'idou:s! You will have sOUle idea of the aggregate number accommodation of the school. of girl-widows, gr'owing in propor- tion as the age limits rise, if you 'While Mrs. Gulick is greatly carry the age up to twelve. And when you consider that the custom missed, the Institute has made prevails mostly among the higher ~steady progress under the leader- classes, you will realize the enor- mous proportion, to total women ship of her successors. The school is now in the same city with the National University, in which this year 21 of the girls matriculated.

In 36 of the subjects these girls took highest rank, while in 20 others

population, of girl-wives and girl- ers were expecting something, for widows. Multiply this figure by a Mohammedan duffadar sat in the the number of provinces in India inner courtyard of the house to see and you get a rough idea of the the widow did not commit suicide. extent of this crying evil of the At about noon the body was being Kali-yuga and the number of its taken to the burning ghat. The victims. Imagine babes and suck- widow called to the bearers to take lings in a state of what William the body back. After this the Hunter described as "perpetual widow rushed out of the house with penitential widowhood!" How her clothes on fire calling out' Sita many of the girls of five and seven Ram.' She fell, or was pushed and upward, to say nothing of down, and the body of her husband these babes of twelve months, must was laid beside her. Fuel and ghee have been "married" to men old were then heaped on the widow and enough to be their fathers and on her husband's corpse, and both grandfathers, with the moral cer- were burned." Sixteen persons tainty of becoming widows long were sent up for trial in connection before reaching their teens. No- with this case, of whom eight were where are the wards" marriage" convicted.-The Englishman, Calrnd " religion" so badly abused as cutta. in India. Christian The 1'amil Chris- What Shall In Calcutta 24,000 Nations tians of Mad r a 's Become of boys under fifteen, to the Fore have recently held Boys in India? and thousands more between fif- their annual con- teen and seventeen, are being vention, which lasted five days, taught to read and write. The with large numbers of Christians majority are confirmed cigarette crowding every evening the largest smokers, and so shameless are the hall in Madras. The greatest ensnares to purity that in broad day- thusiasm prevailed. Ministers of 7 light, on their way from school, different sections of the Church admere lads are haled by abandoned dressed the vast audience on 12 women. But there are devout and systematic efforts to reach chil- different aspects of the Gospel.

dren, and surround them with a There was also united open-air Christian atmosphere. Mr. Le preaching at 3 different centers Feuvre took a newly baptized every evening, and prayer-meet- Hindu convert into his school at ings in the churches every morn- evening prayers, and as they left ing. All this makes a deep impres- the hall he said, with tears: "This sion on the Hindus, while the is just like heav~n." To see a hun- spiritual benefit to the Indian dred Christian native boys wor- churches is incalculable. The moveshiping God, or older men and boys gathering about the Lord's ment is very popular and se1f-sup-, table, moves the beholder in a mar- porting. It is managed by a com- velous way when he understands mittee mostly of Indian pastors.- the contrast with the outside evil Indian Witness.

influences that seek to ruin them. .. Straws that This is the title of Count" an article in the In- The Suttee The Bengal police dian Witness rela- Still Exists' administration re- ting to what is going on in India, showing that the huge mass is not in India port for 1903 fur- dead or asleep, but alive and awake, nishes interesting and also moving: evidence that suttee is by no means (1) A government officer of the dead in this province. In Gaya, we are told, "a Patak died in the morning, and evidently the villag-

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE '13

better grade, and belonging. to one told by a friendly deputy commis- sioner that he needed the white of the highest castes (non-Chris- man's wisdom, not his dress. For four years he studied the life and tian), sends his girls regularly to our teachings of Christ, as explained to him by the Baptist missionaries, Christian girls' boarding-school, before he would consent to bap- tism. When fully convinced. [lnd they associate as companions twelve years ago, he received the ordinance, and with him a 120 of with the Christian girls. They his followers. He is a rare instance of humble faith and zeal, attractlearn catechism and the Scriptures ing multitudes wherever he goes. These he turns over to the missionprecisely like Christian children. aries, regarding himself as merely a decoy. The people have freely (2) Another government native given him several lakhs of rupees with which he has huilt numerous official, also holding one of the zayats, or rest-housell, for their ac- commodation. He is quick to utilhetter grade appointments, admit- ize novelties, such as an automo- bile or an electric lamp, in order to ted gratefully in conversation that attract them, or impress an object- lesson. The missionaries who are not only he himself, but also three best acquainted with him testify to his sincerity, prayerfulness, and male relatives, owed all their edu- simple mode of life. Last year over 2,000 baptisms were directly cation to the missions in their home traceable to his influence, and the movement is still growing.-Incity. . dian Witness.

(3) At a public meeting a gentle- The Empress When the announce- Dowager's Gift ment was made, man in the next chair, who knew to Missions some weeks ago, the work we were carrying on, that a gift of 10,000 turned to me and asked if I would taels (£1,400) had been made by the Empress Dowager of China to the accept a small sUbscription for the funds of the new Union Medical College at Peking, the news was remission. Of course I assented, and, ceived with some incredulity. The fact has now been confirmed by unasked, he slipped into my hand a Dr. Cochrane, who gives an inter- esting account of the circumstances gold sovereign. There seems to be leading up to this munificent gift. It appears that the suggestion of in the air a sentiment favorable to appealing to the empress was first made by the British .Minister, Sir Christianity. Ernest Satow, who has taken a warm interest in the whole scheme (4) My wife returned from visit- and has himself given 1,000 taels to the fund. With the aid of a friendly ing a zenana a few days ago and, as Chinese official, a statement of the she laid aside her sun-hat and sat down, she said, "Well, that woman is more than half a Christian."

This was a purdah woman of high caste, who not only welcomes vis- its, but who herself teaches others to read.

A Remarkable A. noteworthy in- Karen Prophet stance of native in Burma conversion is that of a Karen prophet of the American Baptist Mission. His early name was Ko Pysam (Mr. Money), but his adopted Christian name is Ko San Ye (Mr. Food and Water), meaning that he had found all spiritual nourishment in Christ. lIe is about fifty-two years old. In youth he was suddenly bereft of his loving wife and child. Stunned by the great sorrow, he sought comfort in the Karen spirit-worship and the merit feature of Buddhism, building several small pagodas. He knew the tradition of the "White Man's Book," and saw that the white race was victorious, as in the war of occupation. Accordingly he donned the European costume, but soon rejected it for the native garb when

aims and needs of the medical col- made of such sticky stuff that the lege was carefully drawn up This teeth are held prisoners by it. was sent to Prince Ch'ing, with a When the kitchen god passes to the covering letter from tlir Ernest,_ other world biting a sticky dumasking that the matter might be pling, his teeth are supposed to be brought before the notice of the held fast together and he is unable empress, and vouching for the wor- to utter one word! thiness of the object. The result was a check for 10,000 taels. Two Specimen A Chinese Chris- Chinese tian living in a vil- Dr. Cochrane ascribes the success Christians lage in the province of the appeal largely to the fact of Szechwan is 60 that the medical mission has for many years rendered occasional years old, but every Sunday mornservice to the officials of the palace. ing he appears at a village ten l)1iles The head eunuch, whose power is from his home and sends out the very great, is on friendly terms town crier with a gong to call the with the mission, and promised to people together, and preaches use his influence if an 0ppol·tunity Christ to them. His sincerity and offered. I t need hardly be said a vivid imagination, which brings that the missionaries are pro- a homely Chinese illustration to his foundly thankful, not only for the help, capture his audience. Aftergift itself, but for the indications ward he trudges ten miles back to his which it suggests of a changed atti- home, and there, also, sends out the tude on the part of the empress to- crier with his booming gong, and ward missionary work and for the there he preaches again. In the influence which such an example evening he holds another service. wiiJ exert in official circles through- This he has done every Sunday for out the empire.-The Chronicle. two years-a labor of pure love, as he receives no pay from any source. How the Chinese In every Chinese Manipulate kitchen there is a At Lanchau, Kansu, is a farmer their Gods small paper god who has long been convinced of the called the Kitchen truth, and none the less because it urged him to stop raising poppies God, who is there to hear all that whose opium brought him much goes on in the house. He lives in money. This year, after he had the kitchen, because in the kitchen planted his fields as usual, some he can learn through the servants strange power showed him what all that is said and done in the re- manner of man he is that will not ception-rooms. In the judgment surrender to Jesus because it costs he will relate what he knows, and to do· so. Then one morning he eonvict everyone of their sins. But took a grim determination that before they burn the paper kitchen materialized in the form of a hargod, as they must every year, that row and ripped up his opium fields. he way carry to the other world a There is now one more happy report of ail that is said and done, Chinese church-member at Lanthey prepare some tiny dumplings. chau. One of these is placed in the mouth of the paper god when he is burnt. A New Baptist The Southern Baptist Put one in your mouth. A strange thing happens. You },ite into the Mission in Canventielll has deciddumpling, and find your teeth held fast. You can not open your mouth China ed to open a new misto utter a word. The dumpling is sion in interior China.

The first station is located at Cheng- chou, Honan, on the Pehan rail- way, about 15 miles south of the

GENERAL MISStONARY INTELLIGENCE

Yellow River. This will be a good worth our best energies. We have center from which to work, as well had 60 children enrolled in the kinas an accessible place for school and dergarten this year-60 dear, rollickhospital work. It is in a large, un- ing, fun-loving mites, so bright and occupied district, in which practi- quick to take in all we give them cally no work has been done. Not and so eager to give expression to even the Roman Catholics are here. their own acti ve minds. The more Hev. and Mrs. 'V. 'V. Lawton and I work among these children, many Rev. W. Eugene Sallee are the mis- of whom come from the darkest of sionaries in charge, heathen homes and the worst of environments, the more I marvel Chinese In an account of a at the infinite possibilities of child- Shepherds for recent tour in the hood and the brave struggle it Chinese Sheep Fuh – Kien Prov- makes to live above its surround- 'ing conditions. Alas! that the bat- ince, in the course tle should so often be a losing one of which he confirmed 666 converts, that the possibilities for grand and the- Bishop of Victoria writes thus noble characters should be blasted of the Chinese native pastorate: even in the budding. Is there any- thing more pathetic in all of life The large number of candidates than this? Surely there is nothing presented in the Ku-cheng district which can so call out one's sym- pathy and prayers, no need to which was particularly encouraging, as we should more readily respond. for more than a year there had The Work at Last August Rev. heen no European clergymen resident in the district, and the whole Mukden. H. W. PullaI', of of the pastoral work had been in Manchuria the Scotch Presbythe hands of the Chinese pastor. To wateh him moving about among terian C h u I' C h , his flock, to see the bright intelli- wrote as follows of missionary gence and earnestness of nlany of those presented for confirmation, work in Manchuria: was in it~elf a most striking testimony to the value and efficiency of Every department of our work is going on as usual. The hospital the Chinese pastorate. Chinese work is ably carried on by Dr. "heep are best tended by Chinese Christie, with the help of Messrs. shepherds. It was a great joy to Hsu and 'Vang, who see crowds of be able to add considerably to the patients every day. number of these Chinese sheperds. The north suburb extension In Ku-cheng City I ordained 2 church is going on as before. I Chinese to the priesthood and 1 to preach there every Sabbath. Through the week it is open as a the diaconate. In Kienning City I preaching chapel under the charge ordained 1 to the priesthood. In of Mr. Fu. The three street chapels Fuh-chow I ordained 3 tothe priest- are open daily for public preach- ing. and our evangelists and bookhood and 2 to the diaconate. This sellers are busy preaching and sellbrings the number o.f ChineSE) clergy ing Scriptures in our own ·terrace in the diocese up to 21-viz., priests, every day to the huge crowds which 17; deacons, 4. I pUJ'posely held the take their airing and drink their tea by the river side. ordinations in different centers, in order that the infant churches Our friends at home need not might see, and take part in, the feel any anxiety regarding our safety. Weare very busy and very setting apart of their own pastors; happy, aud perfectly safe. and so might be enabled to realize Four Cheering The Arne I' i can more fully the great solemnity of Items from Presbyterian Misthe service and the sacredness of the office.

Kindergarten Miss Jean E. Brown, Korea sion in the "Land Work in of the American Fu-chau Boa I' d Mis s ion, of Morning Calm" writes: sends the following notes of en- couragement in regard to the prog- It is indeed a beautiful and most ress of the work: blessed work-one we may feel The marked feature of Korean

Christianity is the way that for the Areot Mission children at mouths of believers are opened to Kodai Kanal, in India, having setell what a Savior they have found. cured $4,000 in America for this There is room for intercession as worthy purpose. well as thanksgiving, in view of forces which resist the truth in How Far Back Rev. W. E. Griffis Korea-Shamanism, persecution, Prayer Began tells in a recent ar- Plymouth Brethrenism and Roman Catholicism of an injurious and for Japan ticle a thrilling quarrelsome type. story of how in In North Korea a large body of eastern Massachusetts a devout consecrated evangelists, men and company away back in 1827 (some 30 women, are the mainstay of Chris- years before Commodore Perry entian work and do it entirely of tered Yeddo Bay) began to,pray for their free will. They have all been the world's conversion (Japan's in developed through training classes, particular), .and gave m~ney every and give good promise of a church time they prayed, depositing it in that will be able to stand, should a beautiful basket made in Japan; foreigners withdraw from Korea. also kept on giving until the American Board Mission was Additions to the Church, last opened in that country in 1869 (a year, in the two northern stations period of forty-two years), when of Korea Mission were 1,232, and the sum of donations had reached the actual enrolment of II1embers $4,104.23 ! and catechumens runs over 10,000. Is it any wonder that our brethren AFRICA plead for" a few more missionaries to oversee this first generation of Great Things Mr. Alexander Christians, while we educate those of them who, in a few more years, in Store for Johnston, in an arwill bear the responsibility of the Church" ? Africa ticle on •• African One thing must be remembered Railway Enterof Korea Mission: that no other of our Church has such a band of lov- prise" in African Commerce, says: ing, effective, unpaid evangelists. If there is a place on earth where A few more years will see all the the Gospel is given "without great lakes and closed waterways price" it is in Korea by Koreans. of Central Africa connected by rail- Only Uganda offers as much or, per- way with the seacoast and ocean haps, more. traffic. The Belgians are credited with the intention of linking Lake A School for One of the most per- Albert and Lake Tanganyika on their eastern frontiers with the Missionaries' plexing problems River Kongo and the flourishing railway built six years ago, con- Children mlsslOnaries have necting its navigable waters above Leopoldville with the pori of Boma. in Japan to fltce is that of the More definite are the plans of the British Oentral Africa Oompany education of their for the building of a much-needed railway connecting the south end children. To send them home in of Lake Nyasa with the navigable part of the Zambesi-Shire river early years, to gro'W up and be system, and so with the Indian Ocean. Should this line pay its educated without the close parental way-and those who know the cainfluence which is so much needed, pabilities of Nyasaland do not doubt that it will-another railway is a great trial. If they can be ed- will be laid down between the north end of Nyasa and the south end of ucated in India until they are old Tanganyika, thus tapping the Kongo system and the southern enough to enter college at home portion of the Cape-to-Cairo line.

the difficulty is largely obviated.

But now the statement comes that missionaries of various denomina- tions in Japan have united to es- tablish a first-class school for mis- sionaries' children in Tokio. Rev.

Dr. J. H. and Mrs. Wyckoff have been instrumental in starting one

1905J GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

A Conference Says the United transforming power, and hospitals for the Study of Presbyterian: "A receive all, with no regard to creed.

Missions to Islam con fer e n c e of -Missionary Herald.

workers among Moslems, which will be ecumenical Sleeping One of the South- in character, is being planned for Sickness on the ern Presbyterian the spring of 1905. The Arabian Upper Kongo Missionaries at Mission is taking the initiative in Luebo writes home this matter, but as Cairo has been as follows: ptoposed as the place of meeting, 'Ve are becoming deeply conour mission is taking an active part cerned about that most dreaded of in the arrangements. All missions all African diseases, the sleeping operating in Moslem lands are to be represented at tlds conference, sickness. Heretofore we have been and the far-reaching influence of comparatively free from its presthis gathering can scarcely be estimated. Two facts give a solemn ence in this part of the country, opportuneness to this conference. but within the last few years a good many cases have been found right here at Luebo, with the sign of increase most apparent.

The one fact is the strange unre- The SouthAfri- The r"evised census sponsiveness of Moslems to the can Census returns show that Gospel appeals in the past. The in the whole of other is the slight, but appreciable, abatement of hostility to Chris- British South Africa south of the tianity, and the interest in religious Zambesi the white population numdiscussion which can be noted in bers 1,135,016 and the colored poputhe Moslem world to-day." lation 5,198,175. In Cape Colony only the white population numbers Hopeful Work Little can be done 579,741 and the colored population 1,830,063. Among directly for the fol- The census returns for the Brit- Moslems lowers 0 f the ish South African colonies other than Cape Colony are as follows; prophet in Turkey, Transvaal, 300,225 whites and 1,053,975 coltho even there the power of the ored.

Gospel is touching many. But Natal, 97,109 whites and 1,011,645 colored. Rhodesia, 12,628 whites and 593,141 colored. from some other countries come words of great encouragement. In Egypt, where the United Presby- Orange River Colony, 143,419 whites and terians have had a successful mis- 241,626 colored. sion for many years, the good seed is springing up all through the Basutoland, 895 whites and 347,953 colored. Bechuanaland, 1,004 whites and 119,77'2 col- ored.

land. Hundreds of Moslem chil- dren are in the mission scho~ls and' Then and Now In 1833 three white thousands of Christian books are in Basutoland men from France sold annually to Moslems. A spirit appeared before the of inquiry is more manifest now great chief Moshesh in Basutoland than ever before, and the demand with a message about a Savior and for controversial literature is con- 'a Gospel. The chief compared tinually increasing, while often at their message to an egg, and said he great cost many come for baptism. would wait for it to hatch before The Evangelical Church has now in forming an opinion. The egg has Egypt almost 8,000 communicants, hatched. After 70 years there are and a constituency of 30,000 is scat- in connection with the Paris Mis- tered through the country. These sion in Basutoland 27 missionaries Christians prove like leaven, a and 425 native workers, with 22,356

native Chyistians, of whom 14,950 have no weapons, except such crude are communicants. In the year ones as they make themselves; }903-4 these Basuto saints gave have no horses or cattle; wear al- nearly $20,000 for home and foreign most no clothing; they do not missions-that is to say, they sup- know what cloth is like, the only ported all of the 197 out-stations of thing they have to take its place the Basuto mission, and besides being the woven bark of a tree; this they sent $400 to the mission and in all their possessions, ideas, in Barotsiland, on the Zambesi. and habits they are as far from civilization as the above facts Why a King An English mis- would indicate. They are not in- Objected s ionary in the clined to be friendly, or to encour- to Baptism Uganda district of age the approaches of others. Central Africa re- The Situation Miss Scarth, of the ports a curious objection to bap- in British S. P. G. Society, tism urged by a local king. Two writes in The .Misof his sons desire to be baptized. New Guinea sion Field, from The father is entirely willing that they should become Christians, but Hioge: objects to the ceremony of baptism, because he says that it will, in the This is the agricultural station, eyes of his subjects, practically constitute them kings. At the time of and a large Christian settlement. his accession he went through a A layman is in charge, with two ceremony similar to baptism, in- South Sea Islanders under him. cluding sprinkling with water and change of name. He has no objec- We long for a permanent padre, tion to the baptism of any of his but they are too scarce in New subjects, but threatens to disown Guinea, so we have to depend on a his sons if they are baptized. monthly visit.

ISLANDS OF THE SEA Our day begins at 5.45 with a big bell, and at 6 all the children as- The Task on The conditions ex- Hand in the isting in some of semble for prayers in church, then Philippines the Phi lip pin e disperse in all directions to their Islands have been respective work: planting cocovividly brought to mind by the re- nuts, digging sweet potatoes, cutcent visit of Lieut. Edward Y. ting grass, driving bullocks, milk. Miller to the 'Var Department at Washington. The lieutenant is ing, or whatever itmaybe. Hioge military governor of Paragllrl, one is purely native-·chllrch, schools, of the islands of the Philippine group, and is now in this country houses. Our house is very cool and on leave of absence. He will soon charming, with no ceilings and sail from San Francisco on his return to his post of duty. He re- transparent floors-quite a temple pOl·ts that there are tribes in the of the winds. Our children are so interior of his far-away island who fascinating, with nothing of the are utter barbarians. They have never come in contact with even negro type about them. Many are the semicivilized tribes. They have really pretty, and they have such never heard the sound of a gun; engaging, coaxing ways. The girls' dormitory adjoins our house; 35 is the ntlmber under our charge; they all do their share of the farm work in turn, but a certain number are set apart for housework, "ashing, gardening, etc. Having no pockets in their grass skirts, they l1~e their hair instead, and into their tight curls they stuff pins and needles, matches, and whatever they want to carry about. The boys are even keener than the girls to adorn themselves, and it is most common to see a boy with a chaplet of flow- ers in his hair and gorgeous leaves in .bis armlets. White cockatoo feathers made into a kind of ai-

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

gret, which are really very becom- sible to repress the feeling that the ing, are worn in the hair, but these they always take off on going into Church of Christ needs not only a ehurch. new baptism of zeal, but also a new Training Native One hundred and Preachers in twenty-six students enduement of wisdom in order to New Hebrides have been enrolled in the New Hebrides meet the demands of the time. The Training Institution, Tangoa, San- great brotherhoods' of dervishes to, during the nine yearc of its existence. Many of these men had are preaching Islam, unpaid and their wives with them, and Dr. and Mrs. Annand, sometimes with help- with little machinery, while the ers, sometimes without, have done a grand work in training and send- great Church of Christ moves poning out so many Christian families for the different islands. The train- derously. REV. W. A. SHEDD. ing and education of the women is quite as important in its way as The A suggestion made that of the men. The student families live in small cottages, and are Responsibility by C. S. Horne, trained not only in "book" learning, but in housekeeping and home- of Success author of "The making. Story of the L. 11.

S.," as he ends his final survey, should be read and pondered. He is noting the responsibility im- posed by success; as, -for instance, in the case of those East Indian villagers who threw away their idols on hearing the message of an evangelist. But the evangelist passed on; there were no means to MISCELLANEOUS send another, and those villagers, Protestant The missionary zeal after the glimmer of light, re- Missions and of the two Churches is thus contrasted mained in darkness, and sorrow- Catholic by a Jesuit mission- fully, despairingly, returned to their idols! He remarks: ary in a French paper_ He reckons Faith is a faculty which can riot that there are 558 Protestant mis- be starved. If we do not give it the true and wholesome food of the sionaryorganizations, spending Rn- Gospel, it is fain to be satisfied nuaIly about $20,000,000, but only with the husks that the swine do eat. These men and women would a little over 200 Catholic ones, and these spend little over $2,500,000 he Christians if they might; in de- fault of that they are idolaters; annually. He puts the yearly av- they only can not be nothing. It would seem that the churches at erage contribution of Protestants home are not prepared for such to missionary work at 60 cents a em brassing success as has been head, but those of Catholics at less achieved abroad. than 7 cents. Roman Catholic money appears to be spent mainly His Gift Yesterday he wore to the Lord a rose on the lapelof in building big cathedrals and mon- his coat, and when asteries, which are of no practical the plate was passed h~ gave a nickel to the Lord. He had several bills use. in his pocket and sundry change, perhaps a dollar's worth, but he Moslem 'Vhen one reads of hunted about, and, finding this poor little nickel, he laid it on the Missions and the rapid spread of plate to aid the Church Militant in its fight against the world, the Christianity Islam in Central flesh, and the devil. His silk hat Africa and in the East Indies, and realizes that its extension makes the work of Chris- tian evangelization many times more slow and difficult, it is impos-

was beneath the seat, his gloves him this day his daily bread. But and cane were beside it, and the the nickel was ashamed, if the man nickel was on the plate-a whole wasn't. The nickel hid beneath a nickel. On Saturday afternoon he quarter that was given by a poor had a gin-rickey at the" Queen's," woman who washes for a living.- and his friend had a fancy drink, The Toronto Star. while the cash register stamped thirty-five cents on the slip the boy How Mills Samuel J. Mills, the presented to him. Peeling off a Became a virtual founder of bill, he handed it to the lad, and Missionary the Arne ric a n gave him a nickel tip when he brought the change. A nickel for Board of Foreign the Lord and a nickel for the Missions, when he was about leavwaiter I And the man had his ing home for boarding-school at shoes polished on Saturday after- Litchfield, at the age of fifteen, his noon, and handed out a dime with- mother, conversing with him, out a murmur. He had a shave, found that, tho he had been dediand paid fifteen cents with equal cated to God even before his birth alacrity. He took a box of candies he was utterly without not only a home to his wife, and paid forty regenerate experience, but without cents for them, and the box was even the conviction of sin, or any tied with a dainty bit of ribbon. apparent desire for salvation. She Yes; but he also gave a nickel to the told him that conversation under Lord. Who is this Lord? Who is those circumstances would not be He? Why, the man worships Him fruitful of good to her or to him, as creator of the universe, the One but she would talk about him with who puts the stars in order, and by another, in whose band was the whose immutable decrees the heav- shaping of character and destiny. ens stand. Yes, He does, and he When he started for school in the dropped a nickel in to support the stage-coach she closeted herself Church Militant. And what is the alone with God, and poured out her Church Militant? The Church heart in believing prayer. Before Militant is the Church that repre- that boy reached school he was so sents upon earth the Church tri- overcome with conviction of sin umphant of the great God the man that, as he afterward told his gave the nickel to. And the man mother, he seemed to stand on the knew that he was but an atom in very border of perdition and look space, and he knew that the Al- down into the bottomless pit. God mighty was without limitations, wrought with His mighty power and, knowing this, he put his hand such intense conviction and conin his pocket and picked out the trition that it was three months nickel and gave it to the Lord. before he got peace, but when peace And the Lord, being gracious and came it came "like a river"; and slow to anger, and knowing our his mother's prayers bore wonderframe, did not slay the man for the ful fruit not only in his conversion, meanness of his offering, but gives but in his brief life of great activ- ity.-Christian Herald.